An American National Standard

Designation: D 2513 04

Standard Specification for

Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
for material (see Appendix X1) dimensions and tolerances,
hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact
resistance of plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas
mains and services for direct burial and reliner applications.
The annexes provide specific requirements and test methods
for each of the materials currently approved. If and when
additional materials are available, specific annex requirements
will be added. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the distribution of natural gas.
Requirements for the qualifying of polyethylene systems for
use with liquefied petroleum gas are covered in Annex A1.
1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Design considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant
quality control programs are specified in Annex A3 and Annex
A4.
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
for information purposes only.
1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixes
in this specification:

1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the

test method portion, Section 6, of this specification. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Subject
Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings for Maintenance or
Repair
A3
In-Plant Quality Control for all materials up to 12 in.
A4
In-Plant Quality Control for PE materials between 14 and 24 in.
A5
Polyamide (PA) Pipe and Fittings
A6
Magnetic-detectable Polyethylene Pipe
A7
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe
Appendixes
Subject
X1
New Materials
X2
Design Consideration
X3
Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings Produced from Polyethylene (PE)
materials with Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Designation

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
2.1.1 Terminology:
D 1600 for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
F 412 Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
2.1.2 Test Methods for:
D 638 Tensile Properties of Plastics
D 1238 Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion
Plastometer
D 1598 Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant
Internal Pressure
D 1599 Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of
Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
D 2122 Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe
and Fittings
D 2290 Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method
D 2837 Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
F 1473 Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to
Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
2.1.3 Practices for:
D 543 Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
Reagents
D 618 Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 1898 Sampling of Plastics
D 2657 Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings
D 2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure
Piping

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2513 03b.

2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.

Annex
A1
A2

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

D 2513 04
with a 630 psi design stress for water at 73.4F (23C). The
hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used in this designation code.
3.7 thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (DR)the ratio of
pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividing the
specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by the
minimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standard
dimension ratio (SDR) is a common numbering system which
is derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10.
3.8 toe-ina small reduction of the outside diameter at the
cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.

2.1.4 Specification for:

F 1563 Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or
Tubing
F 2138 Excess Flow Valves for Natural Gas Service
2.2 ANSI Standards:
B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs
and Valves in Gas Distribution Systems3
B 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems3
2.3 Federal Specifications:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)4
OPS Part 192 Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations4
2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4
MIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by
Attributes
2.5 Other Documents:
National Fire Protection Association: NFPA 58, Storage and
Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases5
PPI TR-33, Generic Butt Fusion Joining for Polyethylene
Gas Pipe6
PPI TR-41, Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for
Polyethylene Gas Piping6

4. Materials
4.1 GeneralThe plastic used to make pipe and fittings
shall be virgin plastic or reworked plastic (see 4.2) as specified
in the Annexes and shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)
long-term hydrostatic design stress and hydrostatic design
basis rating.
4.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material of the same
commercial designation, generated from the manufacturers
own pipe and fitting production shall not be used unless the
pipe and fitting produced meet all the requirements of this
specification.
NOTE 1References and material descriptions for ABS, CAB, PB,
PE2306, PE3306 and PE3406 have been removed from D 2513. Elimination of these materials does not affect the pipelines that are in service.
They can still be used for gas distribution. The main reason for removing
these materials from this standard is to reflect the current state of the art
in gas distribution plastic piping.

3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise specified.
3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specification
is in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or 49 CFR Part 192, unless
otherwise indicated.
3.3 The term pipe used herein refers to both pipe and tubing
unless specifically stated otherwise.
3.4 re-rounding equipmentequipment used to reform the
pipe and permanently reduce ovality to 5% or less.
3.5 rounding equipmentequipment, devices, clamps, and
so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe round while
out-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining procedure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.
3.6 standard thermoplastic material designated codethe
pipe material designation code shall consist of the abbreviation
for the type of plastic (PE, PVC, or PA) followed by Arabic
numerals which describe the short term properties in accordance with applicable ASTM standards, the hydrostatic design
stress for water at 73.4F (23C) in units of 100 psi with any
decimal figures dropped. Where the hydrostatic design stress
code contains less than two figures, a zero is used before the
number. Thus, a complete material designation code shall
consist of two or three letters and four figures for plastic pipe
materials. For example, PE 2406 is a grade P24 polyethylene

5. Requirements
5.1 GeneralSee the annexes for specific product requirements in addition to the following. Pipe shall be supplied in
either coils or straight lengths. Any pipe supplied in coils must
meet the same requirements before and after coiling.
5.2 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign
inclusion, blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects. The
pipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.
5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimensions and Tolerances:
5.3.1 DimensionThe dimensions shall be specified by
wall thickness and outside diameter.
5.3.1.1 DiametersThe outside diameter shall meet the
requirements given in Table 1 or Table 2 when measured in
accordance with 6.5.
5.3.1.2 Toe-InWhen measured in accordance with 6.5.1.1,
the outside diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be more
than 1.5 % smaller than the undistorted outside diameter.
Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall be made
no closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm),
whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.
Undistorted outside diameter shall meet the requirements of
Table 1 or Table 2.
5.3.1.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall be as
specified in Table 2 or Table 3 when measured in accordance
with 6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point of
measurement shall be not less than the minimum wall thickness
specified in Table 2 or Table 3.

3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New
York, NY 10018.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 5094, Attn: NPODS.
5
National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210.
6
Plastic Pipe Institute, Inc., 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 680, Washington, DC 20009

D 2513 04
TABLE 1 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for Plastic Pipe, in. (mm)
Maximum Out-of-Roundness

Nominal
Pipe
Size

Outside Diameter

1
114
112
2
212
3
312
4
5
6
8
10
12

0.840 (21.3)
1.050 (26.7)
1.315 (33.4)
1.660 (42.1)
1.900 (48.3)
2.375 (60.3)
2.875 (73.0)
3.500 (88.9)
4.000 (101.6)
4.500 (114.3)
5.563 (141.3)
6.625 (168.3)
8.625 (219.1)
10.750 (273.0)
12.750 (323.8)

12
34

Tolerance

60.004 (60.102)
60.004 (60.102)
60.005 (60.127)
60.005 (60.127)
60.006 (60.152)
60.006 (60.152)
60.007 (60.179)
60.008 (60.203)
60.008 (60.203)
60.009 (60.229)
60.010 (60.254)
60.011 (60.279)
60.013 (60.330)
60.015 (60.381)
60.017 (60.432)

SDR 32.5

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.12(3)
0.24(6.1)
0.24(6.1)
0.28(7.12)

TABLE 2 Plastic Tubing-Diameters, Wall Thicknesses, and

Tolerances, in. (mm)
Nominal
Tubing
Size (CTS)

12
12
12
34
34
34
1
1
1
1
1
114
114
114
134
14
38

Outside
Diameter
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.875
0.875
0.875
1.125
1.125
1.125
1.125
1.125
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.875

(9.52)
(12.7)
(15.9)
(15.9)
(15.9)
(22.2)
(22.2)
(22.2)
(28.6)
(28.6)
(28.6)
(28.6)
(28.6)
(34.9)
(34.9)
(34.9)
(47.6)

Tolerance
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.004
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.005
60.006

(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.10)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.13)
(60.15)

Minimum
Wall
Thickness
0.062
0.062
0.062
0.090
0.104
0.062
0.077
0.090
0.062
0.090
0.099
0.101
0.121
0.062
0.090
0.121
0.062

(1.58)
(1.58)
(1.58)
(2.27)
(2.64)
(1.58)
(1.95)
(2.27)
(1.58)
(2.27)
(2.51)
(2.56)
(3.07)
(1.58)
(2.27)
(3.07)
(1.58)

SDR 26

SDR 21

SDR 17
SDR 13.5
SDR 11

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.11(2.74)
0.16(4.06)
0.2(5.08)
0.2(5.08)

0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.06(1.524)
0.06(1.524)
0.06(1.524)
0.06(1.524)
0.1(2.5)
0.1(2.5)
0.1(2.5)
0.1(2.5)
0.12(3)
0.14(3.58)
0.14(3.58)

0.016(0.406)
0.02(0.508)
0.02(0.508)
0.024(0.61)
0.024(0.61)
0.024(0.61)
0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.03(0.762)
0.06(1.524)
0.07(1.778)
0.08(2.04)
0.1(2.5)
0.1(2.5)

NOTE 3Ovality is a packaging condition that occurs when roundable

pipe is wound into a coilthe pipe flattens out as it is coiled. Ovality is
corrected when joining equipment is applied to roundable pipe, or by field
processing roundable pipe through re-rounding and straightening equipment during installation.

Wall
Thickness
Tolerance
+0.006 (+0.15)
+0.006 (+0.15)
+0.006 (+0.15)
+0.009 (+0.23)
+0.010 (+0.25)
+0.006 (+0.15)
+0.008 (+0.20)
+0.009 (+0.23)
+0.007 (+0.18)
+0.011 (+0.28)
+0.012 (+0.31)
+0.012 (+0.31)
+0.015 (+0.38)
+0.007 (+0.18)
+0.011 (+0.28)
+0.015 (+0.38)
+0.007 (+0.18)

5.3.1.6 LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in straight

lengths or coils as agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser. The length shall not be less than the minimum
length agreed upon when corrected to 73F (23C).
5.3.1.7 When sizes other than those listed in Table 1, Table
2, or Table 3 are used, tolerances shall be: for outside diameter,
use same tolerance of next smaller size; for wall thickness, use
same tolerance percentage as shown in the tables.
5.3.2 FittingsFittings shall meet the requirements given
in the applicable Annex.
5.4 Chemical ResistanceThe pipe and fittings shall not
increase in weight more than 0.5 % (1.0 % for toluene in
methanol). Where the test specimen is a pipe ring, the material
shall not change more than 612 % in apparent tensile yield
strength when measured in accordance with 6.9. Where the test
specimen is a plaque, the material shall not change more than
612 % in tensile strength at yield when measured in accordance with Test Method D 638. See Annex A5 for specific
requirements for polyamide pipe.

5.3.1.4 Wall Thickness Eccentricity Range The wall

thickness eccentricity range shall be within 12 % when measured in accordance with 6.5.1.3.
5.3.1.5 OvalityThe ovality (cross section) of 3 in. IPS
(88.9 mm) and smaller pipe shall not exceed 5 % when
measured in accordance with 6.5.3. Measurements of coiled
pipe shall be made on a sample cut from the coil, and in case
of disagreement, conditioned per 6.3.

NOTE 4This pipe test is only an indication of what will happen as a

result of short term exposure to these chemicals. For longterm results,
additional testing is required.

5.5 Sustained PressureThe pipe, fittings, or systems shall

not fail as defined in Test Method D 1598, when tested in
accordance with 6.6.
5.6 Elevated Temperature ServicePlastic piping materials
intended for use at temperatures above 100F (38C) shall have
the PPI hydrostatic design basis (HDB) determined at the
specific temperature in accordance with Test Method D 2837.
The 100 000-h intercept (long-term strength) shall be categorized in accordance with Table 4 and be listed as the hydrostatic design basis of XXX psi at XXX F (C) for (compound
name).

NOTE 2Other factors, that is, installation compaction, static soil

loading, and dynamic vehicular loads may increase the ovality; therefore,
5 % was chosen as the limit for the amount contributed by manufacturing,
packing, in-plant storage, and shipping. For further information, see (1).7

(1) Before or during installation, coiled pipe larger than 3 in.

IPS (88.9 mm) shall be processed by the installer through
re-rounding equipment that corrects ovality to 5% or less.

7
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard.

NOTE 5Many design factors for elevated temperature service cannot

D 2513 04
be covered in this specification. Users should consult applicable codes for
limitations on pertinent maximum temperatures.
NOTE 6In the absence of an HDB established at the specified
temperature, the HDB of a higher temperature may be used in determining

a design pressure rating at the specified temperature by arithmetic

interpolation.

TABLE 3 Wall Thicknesses and Tolerances for Plastic Pipe, in (mm)A,B

Nominal Pipe Size
(IPS)

DRC

Minimum

Tolerance

0.062 (1.58)
0.076 (1.93)
0.090 (2.29)

+0.007 (+0.178)
+0.009 (+0.229)
+0.011 (+0.279)

0.090 (2.29)
0.095 (2.41)
0.113 (2.87)

+0.011 (+0.279)
+0.011 (+0.279)
+0.014 (+0.356)

0.090
0.097
0.120
0.133
0.140

(2.29)
(2.46)
(3.05)
(3.38)
(3.56)

+0.011 (+0.279)
+0.012 (+0.305)
+0.014 (+0.356)
+0.016 (+0.406)
+0.017 (+0.432)

0.090
0.098
0.123
0.140
0.151
0.166
0.178
0.277

(2.29)
(2.49)
(3.12)
(3.56)
(3.84)
(4.22)
(4.52)
(7.04)

+0.011 (+0.279)
+0.012 (+0.305)
+0.015 (+0.381)
+0.017 (+0.432)
+0.018 (+0.457)
+0.020 (+0.508)
+0.021 (+0.533)
+0.033 (+0.838)

17
13.5
Sch 40
11

0.090 (2.29)
0.112 (2.85)
0.141 (3.58)
0.145 (3.68)
0.173 (4.39)

+0.011 (+0.279)
+0.013 (+0.330)
+0.017 (+0.432)
+0.017 (+0.432)
+0.021 (+0.533)

21
17
Sch 40
13.5
11
9.33

0.113 (2.87)
0.140 (3.56)
0.154 (3.91)
0.176 (4.47)
0.216 (5.49)
0.255 (6.48)

+0.014
+0.017
+0.018
+0.021
+0.026
+0.031

(+0.356)
(+0.432)
(+0.457)
(+0.533)
(+0.660)
(+0.787)

212

21
17
13.5
11

0.137
0.169
0.213
0.261

(3.48)
(4.29)
(5.41)
(6.63)

+0.016
+0.020
+0.026
+0.031

(+0.406)
(+0.508)
(+0.660)
(+0.787)

21
17
Sch 40
13.5
11.5
11
9.33

0.167
0.206
0.216
0.259
0.304
0.318
0.375

(4.24)
(5.23)
(5.49)
(6.58)
(7.72)
(8.08)
(9.53)

+0.020
+0.025
+0.026
+0.031
+0.036
+0.038
+0.045

(+0.508)
(+0.635)
(+0.660)
(+0.787)
(+0.914)
(+0.965)
(+1.143)

312

21
17
13.5
11
21
19
17
13.5
11.5
11.0
9.33

0.190
0.236
0.296
0.363
0.214
0.237
0.265
0.333
0.391
0.409
0.482

(4.83)
(5.99)
(7.52)
(9.22)
(5.44)
(6.02)
(6.73)
(8.46)
(9.93)
(10.39)
(12.24)

+0.023 (+0.584)
+0.028 (+0.711)
+0.036 (+0.914)
+0.044 (+1.118)
+0.026 (+0.660)
+0.028 (+0.711)
+0.032 (+0.813)
+0.040 (+1.016)
+0.047 (+1.194)
+0.049 (+1.246)
+0.058 (+1.473)

21.6
21
17
13.5
11

0.258
0.265
0.327
0.412
0.506

(6.55)
(6.73)
(8.31)
(10.46)
(12.85)

+0.031
+0.032
+0.039
+0.050
+0.061

12

11.0
9.33

34

11.0
Sch 40
1

13.5
11.0
9.9
9.33
114

17.0
13.5
Sch 40
11.0
10.0
9.33
6.0
112

(+0.787)
(+0.813)
(+0.991)
(+1.270)
(+1.549)

D 2513 04
TABLE 3 Continued

Nominal Pipe Size

(IPS)

DRC

Minimum

32.5
26
23.7
21
17
13.5
11.5
11.0

0.204 (5.18)
0.255 (6.48)
0.280 (7.11)
0.315 (8.00)
0.390 (9.91)
0.491 (12.47)
0.576 (14.63)
0.602 (15.29)

+0.024
+0.031
+0.034
+0.038
+0.047
+0.059
+0.069
+0.072

(+0.610)
(+0.787)
(+0.864)
(+0.965)
(+1.194)
(+1.499)
(+1.753)
(+1.829)

32.5
26
21
17
13.5
11.5
11

0.265 (6.73)
0.332 (8.43)
0.411 (10.44)
0.507 (12.90)
0.639 (16.23)
0.750 (19.05)
0.784 (19.91)

+0.032
+0.040
+0.049
+0.061
+0.077
+0.090
+0.094

(+0.813)
(+1.016)
(+1.245)
(+1.549)
(+1.956)
(+2.286)
(+2.388)

10

32.5
26
21
17
13.5
11.5
11

0.331
0.413
0.512
0.632
0.796
0.935
0.977

(8.41)
(10.49)
(13.00)
(16.05)
(20.22)
(23.75)
(24.82)

+0.040 (+1.016)
+0.050 (+1.270)
+0.061 (+1.549)
+0.076 (+1.930)
+0.096 (+2.438)
+0.112 (+2.845)
+0.117 (+2.972)

12

32.5
26
21
17
13.5
11.5
11

0.392
0.490
0.607
0.750
0.944
1.109
1.159

(9.96)
(12.45)
(15.42)
(19.05)
(23.98)
(28.17)
(29.44)

+0.047 (+1.194)
+0.059 (+1.499)
+0.073 (+1.854)
+0.090 (+2.286)
+0.113 (+2.870)
+0.133 (+3.378)
+0.139 (+3.531)

Tolerance

The sizes listed in Table 3 are those commercially available sizes used by the gas industry.

The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section. The maximum permitted wall thickness, at any cross section, is the minimum wall thickness
plus the stated tolerance. All tolerances are on the plus side of the minimum requirement.
C

The DR shown are designations commonly accepted by the gas industry and do not calculate exactly.

These wall thicknesses are minimum and are not a function of the dimension ratios.

TABLE 4 Pipe Category

Property

Test Method

A
100 (38)

B
120 (49)

C
140 (60)

Category
D
160 (71)

E
F
Temperature,
...
180 (82)
...
F (C)
Hydrostatic
D 2837
400 (2.8)
500 (3.4)
630 (4.3)
800 (5.5)
1000 (6.9)
1250 (8.6)
Design
Basis, psi
(MPa)
C
D 1238
>0.5
0.20.5
0.010.3
<0.01B
...
Melt IndexA
Examples: CDB - At 140F (60C) the HDB is 800 psi (5.5 MPa). The approximate melt index range is 0.2 to 0.5 g/10 min for this PE pipe.
A
DF - At 160F (71C) the HDB is 1250 psi (8.6 MPa) .

G
...
1600 (11.0)

...

A
The melt Index information in this table is intended to provide guidance relating to heat fusion joining of PE materials, not for classification of materials. This property
is not applicable to non-PE materials or to mechanical fittings. See 7.3.
B

Typically melt flow measured under condition 190/21.6 is less than 4.01 g/10 min.

When a PE pipe or fitting is marked per 7.2 or 7.3 with the letter E, it affirms that the manufacturer has verified the applicability of generic fusion joining with their
products in accordance with PPI TR-33 and PPI TR-41 by joining to itself and to other E materials and testing the joints in accordance with applicable regulations.
However, qualification of joining procedures by operators in accordance with applicable regulations may still be required. Information about manufacturers who have
verified PPI TR-33 and PPI TR-41 generic fusion joining with their products is found in PPI TR-33 and PPI TR-41. Consult PPI and the manufacturer for additional
information.

5.7 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst PressureThe burst requirements for plastic pipe shall be as given in the appropriate
annexes.
5.8 Apparent Tensile Strength At Yield The minimum
apparent tensile strengths at yield for plastic pipe are given in
the annexes when determined in accordance with 6.8.
5.9 Joints:

5.9.1 Solvent CementedJoints of solvent cementable pipe

and fittings shall be made in accordance with the users written
procedure.
5.9.2 Heat Fusion:
5.9.2.1 Heat fusion joints of thermoplastic pipe and fittings
shall be made in accordance with Practice D 2657 and the
users written procedure.
5

D 2513 04
5.9.2.2 PE butt fusion joining shall be between components
(pipes, fittings, or valves) having the same SDR or DR. Butt
fusion between unlike SDR or DR components shall be
allowed only if it has been demonstrated that long term
performance is not adversely affected. The minimum requirement to demonstrate long term performance shall be the
validation procedure for PE in Test Method D 2837. The
Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) of the PE material shall be
validated using specimens containing butt fusion joints resulting from different SDRs or DRs. Pipe/pipe joints of the given
PE material that pass shall validate pipe/pipe, pipe/fitting, or
fitting/fitting joints of the same SDR ratio for that PE material.
5.9.3 MechanicalMechanical fittings shall be installed in
accordance with the users written procedures and the fitting
manufacturers installation instructions. The joint shall be
tested in accordance with the specific design category as
outlined in 6.10.
5.10 Plastic ValvesAll plastic gas valves shall meet the
requirements of ANSI Standard B 16.40.
5.11 Excess Flow ValvesAll excess flow valves shall meet
the requirements of Specification F 2138.

in. (50 mm), whichever is closer, of the rounding equipment.

See Test Method D 2122 for definitions of nonroundable and
roundable pipe.
(1) The pipe surface shall be free of gross imperfections such
as, deep scratches, grooves, or high or low (flat) spots around
the pipe circumference.

6. Test Methods
6.1 GeneralThe test methods in this specification cover
plastic pipe and fittings to be used for gas distribution. Test
methods that are applicable from other specifications will be
referenced in the paragraph pertaining to that particular test.
6.2 SamplingTake a representative sample of the pipe and
fittings sufficient to determine conformance with this specification. About 40 ft (12 m) of pipe is required to perform all the
tests prescribed. The number of fittings required varies, depending upon the size and type of fitting. A sampling plan shall
be agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer (see
Practice D 1898).
6.2.1 Pipe Test SpecimensNot less than 50 % of the test
specimens required for any pressure test shall have at least a
part of the marking in their central sections. The central section
is that portion of pipe which is at least one pipe diameter away
from an end closure.
6.3 ConditioningUnless otherwise specified, condition
the specimens prior to test at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50
6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h, in accordance
with Procedure A of Practice D 618 for those tests where
conditioning is required and in all cases of disagreement.
6.4 Test ConditionsConduct the test in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 %
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.
6.5 Dimensions and Tolerances:
6.5.1 PipeAny length of pipe is used to determine the
dimensions. Coiled pipe shall be measured in the natural
springback condition, unless specified otherwise.
6.5.1.1 DiameterMeasure the diameter of the pipe in
accordance with Test Method D 2122. The average outside
diameter for nonroundable pipe is the arithmetic average of the
maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section on the
length of the pipe. For roundable pipe, out-of-roundness
tolerance applies to measurements made while the pipe is
rounded with the manufacturers recommended equipment.
Measure out-of-roundness within one-half pipe diameter or 2

6.5.1.4 LengthMeasure pipe length and other linear dimensions with a steel tape or other device, accurate to 6132 in.
(61 mm) in 10 ft (3 m).
6.5.2 FittingsMeasure the dimensions of fittings in accordance with Test Method D 2122.
6.5.3 Ovality:
6.5.3.1 ApparatusA micrometer or vernier caliper accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
6.5.3.2 ProcedureTake a series of outside diameter (OD)
measurements at closely spaced intervals around the circumference to ensure that the minimum and maximum diameters
have been determined.
6.5.3.3 CalculationCalculate the percent ovality as follows:

NOTE 7Excessive out-of-roundness may be caused by manufacturing

irregularities around the circumference of the pipe, such as deep scratches,
gouges, flat spots, and high spots. Such defects could detrimentally affect
joining. To simulate field joining of roundable pipe, out-of-roundness is
checked by fitting a rounding device on the pipe, then measuring diameter.

6.5.1.2 Wall ThicknessMake a minimum of six measurements at each cross section in accordance with Test Method
D 2122.
6.5.1.3 Wall Thickness Eccentricity Range Measure in a
manner such that the maximum, A, and the minimum, B, wall
thickness at single points of each cross section measured are
obtained. Calculate the wall thickness eccentricity range, E, in
percent for each cross section as follows:
E 5 [~A 2 B!/A#

3 100

maximum OD 2 minimum OD
ovality 5 minimum OD 1 maximum OD 3 200

(1)

(2)

6.6 Sustained Pressure Test:

6.6.1 Select six test specimens of pipe or fittings at random,
condition at the standard laboratory test temperature and
humidity, and pressure test in accordance with Test Method
D 1598.
6.6.1.1 Test specimens shall be prepared so that the minimum length of pipe on each side of the fitting is equal to 5
times the diameter of the pipe but in no case less than 12 in.
(304 mm) for sizes less than 6 in. For sizes 6 in. and larger, the
minimum length shall be equal to 3 times the diameter or 30 in.
(762 mm), whichever is shorter.
6.6.1.2 Pressures used shall be as shown in the annexes or as
calculated (using the pipes actual measured minimum wall
thickness, outside diameter, and the applicable fiber stress
shown in the annexes), whichever is greater. Piping intended
for use at temperatures of 100F (38C) and higher shall be
tested at both 73F (23C) and the maximum design temperature. The test fiber stress shall be the hydrostatic design basis
(HDB) or 80 % of the 100 000-h intercept of the material,
whichever is greater.
6

D 2513 04
6.10.1.1 The apparatus and report shall be as specified in
Test Method D 638. The test shall be conducted at ambient
temperatures, that is, 67 6 10F (19.4 6 5.6C). The speed of
the testing shall be 0.2 in. (5 mm)/min 625 %. Five specimens
shall be prepared following the manufacturers published
installation instructions. Length of the specimens shall be such
that the unreinforced distance between the grip of the apparatus
and the end of the stiffener is at least five times the nominal
outside diameter of the pipe size being tested. Apply a load
until permanent deformation (yield) occurs in the unreinforced
area of the piping.
6.10.1.2 Results obtained from the above method pertain
only to the specific outside diameter, wall thickness, and
compound of the piping used in the test and specific fitting
design tested.

NOTE 8Air, methane, or nitrogen may be substituted for water as the

test medium.

6.6.2 Maintain the specimens at the pressures required, held

to 610 psi (0.07 MPa), for a period of 1000 h at the test
temperature 63.6F (62C) as specified in 6.6.1.
6.6.3 Failure of two of the six specimens tested shall
constitute failure in the test. Failure of one of the six specimens
tested is cause for retest of six additional specimens. Failure of
one of the six specimens in retest shall constitute failure in the
test. Evidence of failure of the pipe shall be as defined in Test
Method D 1598.
6.7 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure (Quick Burst)
The test equipment, procedures, and failure definitions shall be
as specified in Test Method D 1599 and the annexes. Pressures
shall be as shown in the Annexes or as calculated (using the
pipes actual measured minimum wall thickness, outside diameter, and the applicable fiber stress), whichever is greater.
6.8 Apparent Tensile PropertiesThe procedure and test
equipment shall be as specified inTest Method D 2290, Procedure B. The speed of testing shall be 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)/min.
Cut ring specimens from pipe. They shall be 12-in. (12.7
mm) wide with a 14-in. (6.3-mm) wide reduced section. Test a
minimum of five specimens. This method is applicable to all
pipe of nominal 34-in. (19.0-mm) outside diameter and larger.
6.9 Chemical ResistanceDetermine the resistance to the
following chemicals in accordance with Test Method D 543.
Where available, the test specimen shall be a ring 2 in. SDR 11
pipe cut to the ring dimensions specified in 6.8. For materials
that are not readily available as 2 in. SDR 11 pipe, the test
specimen shall be a plaque of material 14 by 2 by 4 in. (6.3 by
50.8 by 101.6 mm) with a 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide reduced
section.
Chemicals
Mineral oil (USP)
Tertiary-butyl mercaptan
Antifreeze agents (at least one shall be used):
Methanol, or
Ethylene glycol
Toluene

NOTE 9The ability to restrain pipe to its yield as specified above does
not guarantee that a properly installed joint will prevent pullout under
actual long-term field conditions. Joints that cannot pass this test would be
expected to pullout under actual long term field conditions. To date, this
test is the best available for disqualifying unsound joints.

6.10.2 Category 2A mechanical joint design that provides

a seal only (see Appendix X2.5.5). A mechanical joint designed
for this category excludes any provisions in the design or
installation of the joint to resist any axial pullout forces;
therefore, tensile tests are not required.
6.10.2.1 The test assembly shall meet the burst test requirements of 5.7 when tested in accordance with Test Method
D 1599 with end closures designed in accordance with Test
Method D 1599.
6.10.3 Category 3A mechanical joint design that provides
a seal plus a pipe restraint rating equivalent to the anticipated
thermal stresses occurring in a pipeline (see Appendix X2.4).
This category has a manufacturers rated pipe end restraint less
than the value required to yield the pipe as outlined in 6.10.1
(Category 1).
6.10.3.1 The procedures and testing shall be the same as
outlined in 6.10.1 (Category 1) except the test tensile values
shall meet the rated values published by the mechanical fitting
manufacturer.

Concentration (% by volume)
100
5 in mineral oil
100
100
15 in methanol

Test five specimens with each chemical. Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.005 g and completely immerse them in
the chemicals for 72 h. On removal from the chemicals, wipe
the specimens with a clean dry cloth. Condition in air for 2 to
214 h and reweigh. Calculate the increase in weight to the
nearest 0.01 % on the basis of initial weight. Test the specimen
in tension in accordance with 6.8 within 12 h after weighing.
Examine the weight and apparent tensile strength of each
specimen for conformance to the requirement in 5.4.
(WarningBecause of the possible toxicity of these reagents,
refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet on each of these
reagents before using or handling them.)
6.10 Categorization of Mechanical JointsThe following
test methods provide a uniform procedure for qualification or
categorization of mechanical joints using short term pullout
resistance tests and burst tests. The mechanical joint categories
and test methods are as follows:
6.10.1 Category 1A mechanical joint design that provides
a seal plus a resistance to a force on the pipe end equal to or
greater than that which will cause a permanent deformation of
the pipe.

7. Marking
7.1 PipeAll required marking shall be legible, visible,
and permanent. To ensure permanence, marking shall be
applied so it can only be removed by physically removing part
of the pipe wall. The marking shall (1) not reduce the wall
thickness to less than the minimum value for the pipe, (2) not
have any effect on the long-term strength of the pipe, and (3)
not provide leakage channels when elastomeric gasket compression fittings are used to make the joints. These marking
shall consist of the word GAS, the designation ASTM D 2513,
the manufacturers name or trademark, the normal pipe size
including the sizing system used (IPS, CTS, or OD), DR or
minimum wall thickness, material designation, and date of
manufacture.
7.1.1 In addition to 7.1, the pipe marking shall include a
coding that will enable the manufacturer to determine the
location of manufacture, pipe production and resin lots, and
any additional information which is agreed upon between the
7

D 2513 04
manufacturer and purchaser. The manufacturer shall maintain
such records for fifty years or for the design service life of the
pipe, whichever is longer.
7.1.2 All the markings in 7.1 and 7.1.1 shall be repeated at
intervals not exceeding 5 ft (1.5 m). For indented printing,
either the indented print line shall be in a color that contrasts
with that of the pipe, or a separate print line shall be in a color
that contrasts with the pipe. See Annex A1 and Annex A2 for
additional specific marking requirements. When color is applied to identify gas service, such as with color stripes, a color
shell or solid color pipe, yellow color shall be used.

(8) Manufacturers lot code (includes date of manufacture in some cases),

and
(9) Additional information, including date of manufacture, coil number,
sequential footage, third party certification mark etc.
Example: 2 in. IPS SDR 11 MANUFACTURER NAME GAS PE 2406
CEC ASTM D 2513 LOT CODE INFO 02JAN98 coil #506.

7.3 FittingsFittings shall be marked D 2513, as well as

with the applicable fitting specification. All fittings shall be
marked on the body or hub. The markings shall consist at least
of the manufacturers name or trademark, or both, the size, the
symbol for the type of material, and the three-letter code from
Table 4 (as described in Section 7.2). In addition, the fittings
markings shall include code that will enable the manufacturer
to determine the date of manufacture, the location of manufacture, fitting production and resin lots, and any additional
information which may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. The manufacturer shall maintain such
records for 50 years or for the design service life of the fittings,
whichever is longer.

NOTE 10Using color to identify piping service is not mandatory, but

if used, yellow color is required.

7.2 Pipe intended for natural gas service at elevated temperatures greater than 73F (23C) shall be marked with
additional code letters from Table 4 (the first code letter to
identify the temperature of pressure rating, the second code
letter to identify HDB at highest rated temperature, and the
third code letter to identify the melt index).

NOTE 12Section 7.3 is applicable to fusion type fittings only. The

marking requirements in Section 7.3 are not applicable to mechanical
fittings.

NOTE 11The non-mandatory, preferred order for all the items required in the print line in the marking sections 7.1 and 7.2 are:
(1) Pipe size including sizing system (IPS, CTS or OD),
(2) SDR (DR) or minimum wall thickness,
(3) Manufacturers name or trademark,
(4) GAS,
(5) Pipe material designation code,
(6) Elevated temperature code from Table 4,
(7) ASTM D 2513,

8. Quality Assurance
8.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
D 2513, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
specification and has been found to meet the requirements of
this specification.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT
These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.
S2.1 PackagingUnless otherwise specified in the contract, the materials shall be packaged in accordance with the
suppliers standard practices in a manner ensuring arrival at
destination in satisfactory condition and which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall
comply with Uniform Freight Classification rules or National
Motor Freight Classification rules.
S2.2 MarkingMarking for shipment shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD
129 for military agencies.

S1. Responsibility for InspectionUnless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer is responsible for performance of all inspection and test requirements
specified herein. The producer shall use his own or any other
suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test
requirements specified herein, unless the purchaser disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the
inspections and tests set forth in this specification where such
inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that material
conforms to prescribed requirements.
NOTE S00001In U.S. federal contracts, the contractor is responsible
for inspection.

NOTE S00002The inclusion of U.S. Government procurement requirements should not be construed as an indication that the U.S.
Government uses or endorses the products described in this specification.

S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procurement:

D 2513 04
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS PRODUCED FROM
POLYETHYLENE (PE) MATERIAL
TABLE A1.2 Specification D 3350 Cell Classifications of
Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings Materials

A1.1 Scope
A1.1.1 This annex covers requirements for PE pipe and
fittings. These requirements are in addition to those in the main
body of this specification.

PE Material Designation Code:

Physical Properties:
Density
Melt index
Flexural modulus
Tensile strength
Slow crack growth resistance
PENT
Hydrostatic design basis

NOTE A1.1Because Table 1, which covers nominal pipe sizes up to

12 in. is in the body of this specification, and Table A1.1 is in Annex A1,
the user should be aware of the larger tolerance allowed the larger pipe.

A1.2 Referenced Documents

A1.2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A1.2.1.1 Test Methods for:
D 1238 Melt Flow Rate of Thermoplastics by Extrusion
Plastometers
A1.2.1.2 Specification for:
D 1248 Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire
and Cable
D 2683 Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside
Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing
D 3261 Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings
for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
D 3350 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe and Fittings Materials
F 1055 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene Pipe
and Tubing
A1.2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4437 Buried polyethlene (PE) pipes for the supply of
gaseous fuels-Metric series-Specifications8
ISO 11922-1 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of
fluids-Dimentsions and tolerances Part 1: Metric series8

8
Available from International Organization for Standardization 1 Rue de
Varemb, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland

14
16
18
20
22
24

Actual Outside Diameters, in. (mm)

14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
22.000
24.000

(355.6)
(406.4)
(457.2)
(508.0)
(558.8)
(609.6)

3
3, 4, or 5
4 or 5
4 or 5
6

TABLE A1.3 Short and Long Term Property Requirements

Tolerance
60.063
60.072
60.081
60.090
60.099
60.108

2
1, 2, 3, or 4
3 or 4
3 or 4
6

NOTE A1.2The long-term hydrostatic strength at 50 years in accordance with Test Method D 2837 is not to be used for any pressure rating
calculations. The MAOP is still calculated using the HDB obtained from
Test Method D 2837 long-term hydrostatic strength at 100 000 h.

TABLE A1.1 Outside Diameters and Tolerances, 14 in. and

Larger Pipe
Average

PE 3408

Class 3, the base resin density must have a cell classification of

2 or 3; the melt index classification must be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
and so forth.
A1.3.2 Short and Long Term PropertiesPolyethylene pipe
and fittings shall be made from PE materials which also satisfy
the combinations of short- and long-term property requirements shown in Table A1.3.
A1.3.3 Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) Substantiation
The HDB for PE materials at 73F (23C) shall be substantiated by showing that the extrapolation of the stress regression
curve is linear to the 438 000-h intercept (long-term hydrostatic
strength at 50 years in accordance with Test Method D 2837).
This will be done in accordance with Test Method D 2837
using one of the two following procedures:
A1.3.3.1 Use the twelve data points from Conditions I and
II obtained in 5.6.1 (Procedure I) of Test Method D 2837 along
with the 438 000-h intercept to solve for the three-coefficient
rate process extrapolation equation. Then using this new
model, calculate the mean estimated failure time for Condition
III. When the log average time for six specimens tested at
Condition III has reached this time, linear extrapolation of the
73F (23C) stress regression curve to 438 000 h is substantiated.
A1.3.3.2 When 5.6.2 (Procedure II) of Test Method D 2837
is used to validate the 73F (23C) HDB, linear extrapolation
of the stress regression curve to 438 000 h is substantiated
when the log average failure time of the test specimens at
176F (80C) surpasses 6000 h.

A1.3 Materials
A1.3.1 ClassificationPolyethylene materials suitable for
use in the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification shall be classified in accordance with Specification
D 3350, and as shown in Table A1.2. Example: for a polyethylene material having an HDB of 1250 psi (8.6 MPa), Cell

Nominal
Pipe Size

PE 2406

PE Material
Designation Code

(61.60)
(61.83)
(62.06)
(62.29)
(62.51)
(62.74)

PE 2406
PE 3408

Short-Term
in Accordance
with D 3350
Grade PE 24
Grade PE 34

Long-Term
in Accordance
with D 2837A
HDB of 1250 psi for 73F
HDB of 1600 psi for 73F

A
The hydrostatic design basis (HDB) shall be established using water or natural
gas as the pressurizing fluid.

D 2513 04
A1.5.5 Squeeze-OffThis requirement is limited to pipe
sizes, wall thicknesses, squeeze procedures, and conditions
deemed suitable for squeeze-off in service by the pipe manufacturer. There shall be no leakage or visual evidence of
splitting, cracking, breaking or reduction in 1000-h sustained
pressure category when pipe is tested as follows:
A1.5.5.1 Prepare six randomly selected pipe specimens in
accordance with Test Method D 1598 except they shall be
unfilled.
A1.5.5.2 The squeeze-off shall be effected at the mid-point
of the test specimen, 90 to the point of the measured minimum
wall thickness. Close the squeeze bars to the gap stop in
Specification F 1563 and hold in constraint for 4 h. Remove
squeeze bars and reround pipe by closing squeeze bars at a
point 90 from the squeeze area.
A1.5.5.3 Immediately upon removal of the squeeze-off tool,
fill the specimens with ambient temperature water, that is, 67 6
10F (19.4 6 5.6C), condition, and test in accordance with
6.6.
A1.5.6 Thermal StabilityThe PE material shall contain
sufficient antioxidant so that the minimum induction temperature shall be 428F (220C) when tested in accordance with
Specification D 3350. The sample shall be representative of the
cross section of the pipe or fittings.
A1.5.7 Outdoor Storage StabilityPE pipe stored outdoors
and unprotected for at least two years from date of manufacture
shall meet all the requirements of this specification. PE pipe
stored outdoors for over two years from date of manufacture is
suitable for use if it meets the requirements of this specification.
A1.5.8 Dimensions and TolerancesThe outside diameter
shall meet the requirements in Table 1 and Table 2 in the main
body for sizes through 12 in., or in Table A1.1 for larger sizes
or in Table A1.4 for metric sizes. The wall thickness shall meet
the requirements in Table 2 and Table 3 in the main body for
sizes through 12 in., or in Table A1.5 for larger sizes or in Table
A1.4 for metric sizes. When sizes other than those listed in
these tables are used, the tolerances of the next lower size shall
be used.
A1.5.9 Short Term Pressurization for Sizes Above 12 in.
Pipe and molded or fabricated fittings shall not fail when tested
in accordance with Test Method D 1599 with the hoop stress of
2500 psi for Class 2 density materials or 2900 psi for Class 3
density materials. Hoop stress calculation shall be based on the
DR of the fitting at the point of fusion. (Warning
Pressurization of pipe specimens above 12 in. nominal diameter being tested in accordance with A1.5.8 should not commence until it is certain that all entrapped air has been bled
from the water-filled specimens.)

A1.3.4 Qualification for LPG ServiceMaterials that

qualify for natural gas service in accordance with A1.3.3 and
that carry a recommended HDB for 140F in accordance with
5.6, also qualify for LPG service without the need for further
testing.
NOTE A1.3The terms LPG and LPG gas are synonymous and only
apply to a particular kind of fuel gas. For compositions and properties of
LPG gases see NFPA 58, Appendix B.

A1.3.5 Slow Crack Growth ResistanceTest method is

F 1473 on compression molded plaques. Stress is 2.4 MPa
based on the unotched area. Temperature is 80C. Notch depth
in accordance with Table 1 in Test Method F 1473. The
minimum of the average of the two tests shall be 100 h. Do at
least four tests in case of a dispute.
A1.3.6 Additive ClassesPE materials shall be either Class
B, with antioxidant and UV stabilizer, or C as defined in
Specification D 1248, or Class C or E as defined in Specification D 3350.
A1.4 Fittings
A1.4.1 PE fittings intended for use with the corresponding
sized outside-diameter PE pipe shall meet the requirements of
Specification D 2683 for socket-type fittings, Specification
D 3261 for butt-type fittings, or Specification F 1055 for
electrofusion-type fittings and the requirements of this specification.
A1.5 Requirements for Pipe and Fittings
A1.5.1 ConditioningFor those tests where conditioning is
required or unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens
prior to testing for a minimum of 1 h in water or 4 h in air at
73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) or in accordance with 6.3. The
conditioning requirements of 6.3 shall be used in all cases of
disagreement.
A1.5.2 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure/Apparent Tensile Strength (Quick Burst)The pipe or system shall fail in a
ductile manner when tested in accordance with Test Method
D 1599. For pipe sizes above 4-in. nominal diameter, the
testing lab shall be allowed to replace the quick burst test (Test
Method D 1599) by the apparent ring tensile strength test (Test
Method D 2290). The minimum apparent tensile strength at
yield when determined in accordance with 6.8 shall be 2520 psi
(17.4 MPa).
A1.5.3 Sustained Pressure 73F (23C)The pipe or system shall not fail in less than 1000 h when tested in accordance
with Test Method D 1598. For PE 2406 material, the stress
shall be 1320 psi, for PE 3408 materials, the stress shall be
1600 psi.
A1.5.4 Melt IndexMelt index is the flow rate of PE
material when measured in accordance with Test Method
D 1238, condition 190/2.16 (formerly Condition E). Materials
that record zero flow under condition 190/2.16 shall be
measured in accordance with condition 190/21.6 (formerly
condition F). The melt index of pipe/fitting shall meet the
designated category in Table 4. The sample shall be representative of the cross section of the pipe or fitting and diced to an
appropriate size by a method not producing heat.

NOTE A1.4The requirements in A1.5.8 are for laboratory proof

testing only and should not be interpreted as applicable to on-site testing
for acceptance of installed systems larger than 12 in. See appropriate
installation standards or manufacturers recommendations for field test
procedures.

A1.5.10 HDB Validation for PE PipeThe 73F (23C)

Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) of PE pipe shall be validated
by the pipe producer using the PE validation procedure as
outlined in Test Method D 2837. For PE 2406 materials, the
10

D 2513 04
TABLE A1.4 Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness for Metric SizesA
Nominal

Average Outside Diameter

Size

minimum

Maximum Out of
RoundnessB

DR 17.6 Wall Thickness

maximum

minimum

DR 11 Wall Thickness

maximum

minimum

maximum

mm

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

mm

(in.)

16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630

16.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
40.0
50.0
63.0
75.0
90.0
110.0
125.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
225.0
250.0
280.0
315.0
355.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
560.0
630.0

(0.630)
(0.787)
(0.984)
(1.260)
(1.575)
(1.969)
(2.480)
(2.953)
(3.543)
(4.331)
(4.921)
(5.512)
(6.299)
(7.087)
(7.874)
(8.858)
(9.843)
(11.024)
(12.402)
(13.976)
(15.748)
(17.717)
(19.685)
(22.047)
(24.803)

16.3
20.3
25.3
32.3
40.4
50.4
63.4
75.5
90.6
110.7
125.8
140.9
161.0
181.1
201.2
226.4
251.5
281.7
316.9
357.2
402.4
452.7
503.0
563.4
633.8

(0.642)
(0.799)
(0.996)
(1.272)
(1.591)
(1.984)
(2.496)
(2.972)
(3.567)
(4.358)
(4.953)
(5.547)
(6.339)
(7.130)
(7.921)
(8.913)
(9.902)
(11.091)
(12.476)
(14.063)
(15.843)
(17.823)
(19.803)
(22.181)
(24.953)

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
9.8
11.1
12.5
14.0
15.6
17.5
19.6
22.1

(0.047)
(0.047)
(0.047)
(0.051)
(0.055)
(0.055)
(0.059)
(0.063)
(0.071)
(0.087)
(0.098)
(0.110)
(0.126)
(0.142)
(0.157)
(0.177)
(0.197)
(0.386)
(0.437)
(0.492)
(0.551)
(0.614)
(0.689)
(0.772)
(0.870)

2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.9
3.6
4.3
5.2
6.3
7.1
8.0
9.1
10.3
11.4
12.8
14.2
15.9
17.9
20.2
22.8
25.6
28.4
31.9
35.8

(0.091)
(0.091)
(0.091)
(0.091)
(0.091)
(0.114)
(0.142)
(0.169)
(0.205)
(0.248)
(0.280)
(0.315)
(0.358)
(0.406)
(0.449)
(0.504)
(0.559)
(0.626)
(0.705)
(0.795)
(0.898)
(1.008)
(1.118)
(1.256)
(1.409)

2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.3
4.1
4.9
5.9
7.1
8.0
9.0
10.2
11.5
12.7
14.2
15.8
17.6
19.8
22.4
25.2
28.3
31.4
35.2
39.5

(0.106)
(0.106)
(0.106)
(0.106)
(0.106)
(0.130)
(0.161)
(0.193)
(0.232)
(0.280)
(0.315)
(0.354)
(0.402)
(0.453)
(0.500)
(0.599)
(0.622)
(0.693)
(0.780)
(0.822)
(0.922)
(1.114)
(1.236)
(1.386)
(1.555)

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.7
4.6
5.8
6.8
8.2
10.0
11.4
12.7
14.6
16.4
18.2
20.5
22.7
25.4
28.6
32.2
36.4
40.9
45.5
50.9
57.3

(0.118)
(0.118)
(0.118)
(0.118)
(0.146)
(0.181)
(0.228)
(0.268)
(0.323)
(0.394)
(0.449)
(0.500)
(0.575)
(0.646)
(0.717)
(0.807)
(0.894)
(1.000)
(1.126)
(1.268)
(1.433)
(1.610)
(1.791)
(2.004)
(2.256)

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.2
5.2
6.5
7.6
9.2
11.2
12.7
14.1
16.2
18.2
20.2
22.7
26.1
28.1
31.6
35.6
40.2
45.1
50.2
56.1
63.1

(0.138)
(0.138)
(0.138)
(0.138)
(0.165)
(0.205)
(0.256)
(0.299)
(0.362)
(0.441)
(0.500)
(0.555)
(0.638)
(0.717)
(0.795)
(0.894)
(1.028)
(1.106)
(1.244)
(1.402)
(1.583)
(1.776)
(1.976)
(2.209)
(2.484)

Outside Diameter and maximum out of roundness are in accordance with ISO 4437. Wall thickness is in accordance with ISO 4437 and ISO 119221.
Maximum out of roundness applies to straight pipe and pipe prior to coiling for sizes that are packages in coils. Measure out of roundness in accordance with 6.5.1.1
but without rounding equipment applied. See 5.3.1.5 for ovality.
B

TABLE A1.5 Minimum Wall Thickness and Tolerance, 14 in. and Larger Pipe, in.
Nominal
Pipe
Size
14
16
18
20
22
24

SDR
32.5

SDR
26

SDR
21

SDR
17

DR
15.5

SDR
13.5

SDR
11

SDR
9

SDR
7.3

0.431
+0.052
0.492
+0.059
0.554
+0.066
0.615
+0.074
0.677
+0.081
0.738
+0.089

0.538
+0.065
0.615
+0.074
0.692
+0.083
0.769
+0.092
0.846
+0.102
0.923
+0.111

0.667
+0.080
0.762
+0.091
0.857
+0.103
0.952
+0.114
1.048
+0.126
1.143
+1.137

0.824
+0.099
0.941
+0.113
1.059
+0.127
1.176
+0.141
1.294
+0.155
1.412
+0.169

0.903
+0.108
1.032
+0.124
1.161
+0.139
1.290
+0.155
1.419
+0.170
1.548
+0.186

1.037
+0.124
1.185
+0.142
1.333
+0.160
1.481
+0.178
1.630
+0.196
1.778
+0.213

1.273
+0.153
1.455
+0.175
1.636
+0.196
1.818
+0.218
2.000
+0.240
2.182
+0.262

1.556
+0.187
1.778
+0.213
2.000
+0.240
...

1.918
+0.230
...

...

...

...

...

...
...

(1) From the pipe, squarely cut a ring of pipe with a

minimum width of 114 in. (32 mm). The entire wall thickness
may be tested, or material may be removed from the OD
surface of the pipe, while maintaining an undisturbed ID
surface, to produce a ring with 38-in. (9.5-mm) wall thickness.

HDB of 1250 psi shall be validated; for PE 3408 materials, the

HDB of 1600 psi shall be validated.
A1.5.11 Inside Surface Ductility for PipeThe inside surface of pipe shall be ductile as shown by testing in accordance
with A1.5.11.1, A1.5.11.2, and A1.5.11.3. Before testing,
specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with Practice
D 618 for 40 h at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 % relative
humidity.

NOTE A1.6The ring may be tested in its entirety, or may be cut into
representative sectors to produce bend-back test specimens.

(2) In a well-lit area at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) perform the

following procedure within 5 min: (a) Bend the specimen
inside-out (reverse-bend so that the pipe ID surface is on the
outside surface of the bent specimen). (b) Using an apparatus
such as a vise or other suitable bending equipment, close the
legs of the specimen together. When the specimen legs are
closed together, the top of the bend-back specimen shall

NOTE A1.5ID ductility testing may also be conducted for quality

control purposes, however, there is no known data that identifies one test
as inferior, equal, or superior to the others, therefore, results from one test
should not be evaluated against the results from either of the other two
tests.

A1.5.11.1 Bend-back Test Method:

11

D 2513 04
protrude 1 to 114 in. (25 to 32 mm) or two wall thicknesses,
whichever is greater, above the point of closure (jaws). (c) With
the unaided (naked) eye, visually examine the protruding
reverse-bent pipe ID surface for signs of brittle cracking or
crazing.
(3) Any indication of brittle cracking or crazing indicates
failure.
A1.5.11.2 Elongation-at-Break Test Method:
(1) Five Test Method D 638 Type IV specimens cut in the
longitudinal direction from locations equally spaced around the
circumference of the pipe shall be tested in accordance with
Test Method D 638 at a cross-head separation speed of 2 in.
(50.8 mm) min, and at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C). If the
specimen thickness must be reduced by machining, the pipe ID
surface shall be left unaltered.

NOTE A1.7If the specimen thickness is reduced, the machined side of

the specimen must be smooth and the thickness of the specimen in the
gage length must be uniform. Surface cuts or scratches and nonuniform
thickness in the specimen gage length can detrimentally affect test results.

(2) The percent elongation at break for each test specimen

shall exceed 400 %.
A1.5.11.3 Thermal Stability Test MethodSpecimens of
the pipe inside wall surface not more than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm)
thick shall demonstrate a minimum induction temperature of
428F (220C) when tested in accordance with the Test Method
for Thermal Stability in Specification D 3350.
A1.6 Marking
A1.6.1 PE pipe shall be marked with the melt index
category in accordance with Table 4 in addition to the marking
requirements of 7.1.

A2. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS PRODUCED FROM POLY
(VINYL CHLORIDE) (PVC) COMPOUNDS FOR MAINTENANCE OR REPAIR

A2.1 Scope
A2.1.1 This annex covers requirements for PVC pipe for
use only to maintain or repair existing PVC gas piping. These
requirements are in addition to those in the main body of this
specification. All PVC pipe for gas shall be marked per 7.1 (the
words GAS and ASTM D 2513 on pipe, etc.) and A2.4.1.7.
A2.1.2 This annex covers requirements for PVC fittings for
use to maintain or repair exisiting gas piping. These requirements are in addition to those in the main body of this
specification. All PVC fittings for gas shall be marked per 7.2
(the words ASTM D 2513 on fittings, etc.).

F 402 Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and

Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
A2.3 Materials
A2.3.1 PVC pipe and fittings shall be made from the
following PVC plastics as defined in Specification D 1784.
Type I, Grade 1, Class 12454B (PVC 11)
Type II, Grade 1, Class 14333D (PVC 21)
A2.4 Requirements
A2.4.1 Requirements for plain end pipe are specified in
Specification D 2241. Belled end pipe requirements are specified in Specification D 2672. Fitting requirements are specified
in Specification D 2466 for schedule 40 and Specification
D 2467 for schedule 80. These fittings are intended for use with
corresponding sized outside diameter pipe made from the same
compound. The following additional requirements shall also be
met.
A2.4.1.1 FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking by the specimens subjected to this
test and performed in accordance with Test Method D 2412.
Flatten three specimens of the pipe, 2 in. (50.8 mm) long,
between parallel plates in a suitable press until the distance
between the plates is 40 % of the outside diameter of the pipe
or the walls of pipe touch. The rate of loading shall be uniform
and such that the compression is completed within 2 to 5 min.
On removal of the load, examine the specimens for evidence of
splitting, cracking, or breaking.
A2.4.1.2 Impact ResistanceThe impact resistance for
PVC pipe shall fall within the range specified by the manufacturers designated Impact Classification Cell (IC). Table A2.1
lists impact classification cell for SDR 17 and 21 pipe. The
impact classification rating for PVC pipe shall be determined in
accordance with Test Method D 2444 using a flat plate holder
and 20-lb tup B for sizes 2 in. and less and 30-lb tup B for all
larger sizes. The specimens shall be conditioned in a mixture of
ice and water at 32 to 35F (0 to 2C) for 1 h (Note A2.1) and
tested immediately on removal from this medium.

A2.2 Referenced Documents

A2.2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A2.2.1.1 Specifications for:
D 1784 Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
D 2241 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Related Pipe
(SDR Series)
D 2466 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40
D 2467 Socket Type Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Fittings, Schedule 80
D 2564 Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Piping Systems
D 2672 Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement
D 2740 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing
A2.2.1.2 Test Methods and Practices:
D 2152 Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion
D 2412 Determination of External Loading Characteristics
of Plastic Pipe by Parallel Plate Loading
D 2444 Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)
D 2855 Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
12

D 2513 04
TABLE A2.1 Impact Requirements for PVC Pipe at 32 to 35F (0
to 2C) for SDR 17 and 21 Pipe
Impact
Classification
Cell
Nominal Pipe
Size, in.
1
1

14

112
2
3
4
6

A2.4.1.4 Extrusion QualityPVC pipe shall not flake or

disintegrate when tested in accordance with the Test Method
D 2152.
A2.4.1.5 Outdoor Storage StabilityPVC pipe when stored
outdoors unprotected for six months from the date of extrusion
shall meet all the requirements of this specification. PVC pipe
stored outdoors for over six months from date of manufacture,
is suitable for use if it meets the requirements of this specification.
A2.4.1.6 Solvent Cements for PVC SystemsSolvent cements for PVC pipe and fittings shall meet the requirements of
Specification D 2564.
A2.4.1.7 MarkingImpact Classification Cell, as determined by the manufacturer, shall be printed on the pipe in
addition to the marking requirements of 7.1.
A2.4.1.8 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Strength/Apparent
Tensile StrengthThe minimum burst pressure for PVC pipe
shall be as given in Table A2.2 or as calculated (using the
actural measured minimum wall, the actual measured average
outside diameter, and the applicable fiber stress shown in Table
A2.3) when determined in accordance with Test Method
D 1599. For sizes above 4-in. nominal diameter, the testing
laboratory shall be allowed to replace the quick burst (Test
Method D 1599) by the apparent ring tensile strength test (Test
Method D 2290). The minimum fiber stress shall be as given in
Table A2.3.
A2.4.1.9 Sustained Pressure 73F (23C)The pipe or
system shall not fail in less than 1000 h when tested in
accordance with Test Method D 1598. The stress shall be as
given in Table A2.3.

ftlbf (J)
IC-1

IC-2

IC-3

30 to 50
(41 to 68)
30 to 51
(41 to 68)
40 to 60
(54 to 81)
70 to 90
(95 to 122)
120 to 140
(163 to 190)
160 to 200
(217 to 271)
200 to 260
(271 to 353)

>50 to 65
(68 to 88)
>50 to 65
(68 to 88)
>60 to 75
(81 to 102)
>90 to 100
(122 to 136)
>140 to 180
(190 to 244)
>200 to 240
(271 to 326)
>260 to 300
(353 to 407)

>65 (88)
>65 (88)
>75 (102)
>100 (122)
>180 (244)
>240 (326)
>300 (407)

NOTE A2.1Other conditioning media such as a refrigerated fluid bath

of water and ethylene glycol at 32 to 35F (0 to 2C) for 1 h or a
refrigerated air chamber at 32 to 35F (0 to 2C) for 4 h may be used if
it can be demonstrated that equivalent results are obtained. However, in
cases of disagreement, the ice water mixture shall be used.

A2.4.1.3 Impact Quality AssuranceThe impact quality

assurance is a GO/NOGO test. Five specimens shall be
impacted in accordance with Test Method D 2444 using the tup
and holder specified in A2.4.1.2 from a height determined by
the lower value of the designated Impact Classification (IC)
cell. All five specimens shall pass. If one specimen fails, a
second set of five specimens shall be tested. None of the
second set shall fail. If nine out of the total ten specimens pass,
the lot shall be considered to have met the requirements of this
test.
NOTE A2.2This test is intended only for use as a quality control test,
not for use as a simulated service test.

A2.5 Safety Requirements

A2.5.1 Safety requirements for handling solvent cements
shall be observed. Consult Practice F 402 and the solvent
cement manufacturer for appropriate precautions.

TABLE A2.2 Minimum Burst Pressure Test Requirements for

PVC Pipe at 73F (23C)

TABLE A2.3 Minimum Fiber Stress, psi (MPa)

Minimum Hydrostatic
Burst Strength
and Apparent Tensile
Tests

Minimum Burst Pressure, psi (MPa)

Standard
Demension
Ratio

PVC 1120

PVC 2110
PVC 2116

11
13.5
17
21

1250
1000
800
630

1000
800
630
500

(8.6)
(6.9)
(5.5)
(4.3)

(6.9)
(5.5)
(4.3)
(3.4)

PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC

1120
1220
2110
2116

6400
6400
5000
5000

(44.1)
(44.1)
(34.5)
(34.5)

A3. IN-PLANT QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM FOR PLASTIC PIPE AND FITTINGS UP TO
AND INCLUDING 12 IN. NOMINAL DIAMETER

13

Sustained
Pressure Test
4200 (29.0)
4200 (29.0)
2300 (15.9)
3650 (23.2)

D 2513 04
TABLE A3.2 Product Quality Control Tests

A3.1 Quality Control

A3.1.1 The following in-plant quality control program shall
be used to assure compliance with this specification. The pipe
and fittings producers shall maintain records on all aspects of
this program and supply these to the purchaser, if requested.
A3.1.2 In-Plant Quality Control Test MethodsTest methods other than those specified in Section 6 are used as long as
they provide equivalent results. In case of disagreement, those
test methods in the applicable ASTM standard shall be used.

Property
Diameter
Wall thickness
Ring tensile or burst pressure

Flattening (PVC only)

Extrusion quality (PVC only)
Impact resistance (PVC only)

A3.2 Pipe Tests

A3.2.1 Material and Extrusion Process Qualification
Sustained pressure tests shall be made on one pipe size in the
range of 2 in., or less, and on one pipe size in the range of 212
in., or greater. This test shall also be made on pipe from each
particular commercial plastic resin initially, and at least twice
a year thereafter for material and extrusion process qualification and not as a quality control on the product. This test shall
be made in accordance with 6.6.1, 6.6.1.1 and 6.6.3 using
either of the test conditions in Table A3.1 for PE, and in
accordance with 6.6 for other materials.
A3.2.2 Product Quality Control (Note A3.1) The tests in
Table A3.2 shall be made per size per extrusion die at the
denoted frequencies and the test results recorded and filed for
inspection on request.

fails to meet requirements, revert to Level 1 (see also Note

A2.1). Product for which a specimen has been collected shall
not be shipped until after the 72-h time period and randomly
selected samples have been tested. Continue to test 2 out of 9
specimens for 16 three-day periods (48 days of production),
then proceed to Level 3.
Level 3 Collect one specimen every 8 h. After 21 days or
portion thereof, test three randomly selected specimens. If all
three pass, discard the remaining specimens. If any specimen
fails to meet requirements, revert to Level 1 (see also Note
A3.1). Product for which a specimen has been collected shall
not be shipped until after the 21-day time period. Continue
testing at Level 3 until production conditions necessitate
reverting to Level 1.

NOTE A3.1When the pipe fails to meet this specification in any test,
additional tests shall be made on the pipe produced back to the previous
acceptable result to select the pipe produced in the interim that does pass
the requirement. Pipe that does not meet the requirement shall be rejected.
NOTE A3.2For pipe sizes above 4-in. nominal diameter, the quick
burst test (Test Method D 1599) may be replaced by the Apparent Ring
Tensile Strength Test (Test Method D 2290) if agreed to between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.

A3.3 Fittings Tests9

A3.3.1 The fittings tests listed in the following subparagraphs shall be conducted at the frequencies indicated.
NOTE A3.3When any fitting fails to meet the requirements of this
specification, or the applicable referenced fitting specification, additional
tests should be made on fittings produced back to previous acceptable
result to select the fittings produced in the interim that do meet the
requirements. Fittings that do not meet the requirements shall be rejected.

A3.2.3 Burst Pressure Multilevel Plan (see Fig. A3.1)This

multilevel plan is based on MIL-STD-1235 (ORD), and is used
only when the same product is extruded continuously under the
same operating conditions and production is at a steady rate.
Before this reduced sampling plan is considered, steady production conditions must be carefully chosen to ensure a
continuous and consistent high quality output. Any interruption
(shutdown) or change in resin lot number, percentage rework,
or production conditions outside normal operating variations
shall cause sampling to revert to Level 1. A sampling level
change is considered only when approved by a production
supervisor or authorized quality control personnel.
Level 1 Test one specimen every 8 h. If 16 consecutive
specimens have met requirements, proceed to Level 2.
Level 2 Collect one specimen every 8 h. After 72 h (3 days)
or portion thereof, test two randomly selected specimens. If
both pass, discard the remaining 7 specimens. If any specimen

A3.3.2 Dimensions:
A3.3.2.1 Socket Fittings:
(a) Socket Entrance, Bottom and Minimum Internal
DiametersOnce an hour or one out of ten fittings, whichever
is less frequent.
(b) Wall ThicknessAt the beginning of each production
setup for each cavity.
A3.3.2.2 Butt Fusion Fittings:
(a) Outside Diameter and Wall ThicknessOnce an hour or
one out of ten fittings, whichever is less frequent.
A3.3.3 Other Tests:
A3.3.3.1 PVC FittingsThe burst pressure shall be measured on one fitting per 8-h production.
A3.3.3.2 PE and PB FittingsAt the start of each production run, whenever production conditions have changed, or
when the resin lot is changed, but not less frequently than once
per 500 fittings thereafter, the following tests shall be made:
(a) The knit line strength for at least one fitting from each
cavity shall be demonstrated by one of the following tests:

TABLE A3.1 PE Material and Extrusion Process Qualification

Test ConditionsA
Temperature
176 6 3.6F (80 6 2C)
176 6 3.6F (80 6 2C)
A

Stress
580 6 10 psi
(4.0 6 0.07 MPa)
670 6 10 psi
(4.6 6 0.07 MPa)

Frequency
once every hour or every coil,
whichever is less frequent
once every hour or every coil,
whichever is less frequent
Once every 8 h or once every coil,
whichever is less frequent, or
multilevel plan described in A3.2.3
once every 8 h
once every 2 h
once every hour

Time Requirement
1000 h
170 h

9
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: F171018.

Methane should not be substituted for water in this 176F (80C) test.

14

D 2513 04

FIG. A3.1 Quick Burst Multilevel Sampling Plan

[1] Crushing a fitting, or a portion of a fitting, in a manner

that applies load in the direction normal to the knit line. See
Note A3.4.
[2] Apparent tensile strength tests of a ring cut from a fitting,
with the load oriented normal to the knit line. See Note A3.5.
[3] Burst testing of the fitting. See Note A3.5.

(b) The integrity of at least one part from each mold cavity
shall be verified, using a method selected by the manufacturer
as appropriate for this specific product and process.
NOTE A3.4Separation in the knit constitutes a failure.
NOTE A3.5In tests 2 and 3 the strength requirements shown in the
annexes must be met.

A4. IN-PLANT QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM FOR 14-IN. AND LARGER DIAMETER
POLYETHYLENE PIPE

A4.1 Visual inspection of every length of pipe for workmanship defects shall be carried out at the manufacturers
plant. Measurements of outside diameter and wall thickness
shall be made for each hours production or each length of
pipe, whichever is less frequent.

A4.3 Manufacturers of pipe shall conduct such other

quality control tests as are appropriate to their manufacturing
operations that will provide assurance that the product requirements of A1.5 will be met in place of the actual performance of
the specified tests.

A4.2 Lengths of pipe that are shorter than standard shipping lengths are butt-fused to produce standard lengths. Such
build-up lengths must otherwise meet all of the product
requirements of this specification.

NOTE A4.1The pressure tests required under product requirements

are tests for performance. These tests are not adaptable to in-plant quality
control. Quality control tests have not been standardized because the
requirements for such tests vary substantially from one manufacturing
plant to another.

15

D 2513 04
A5. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS PRODUCED FROM POLYAMIDE
MATERIAL
TABLE A5.2 Short and Long Term Property Requirements

A5.1 Scope
A5.1.1 This annex covers requirements for PA pipe and heat
fusion fittings. These requirements are in addition to those in
the main body of this specification.
A5.2 Referenced Documents
A5.2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
D 4066 Specification for Nylon Injection and Extrusion
Materials (PA)
F 1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-Off Polyethylene
(PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing

A5.4 Requirements for Pipe and Fittings

A5.4.1 ConditioningFor those tests where conditioning is
required, or unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens prior to testing for a minimum of 1 h in water or 4 h in
air at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) or in accordance with 6.3. The
conditioning requirements of 6.3 shall be used in all cases of
disagreement.
A5.4.2 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure/Apparent Tensile Strength (Quick Burst)The pipe or system shall fail in a
ductile manner when tested in accordance with Test Method
D 1599 at a stress greater than 3900 psi (27 MPa). For pipe
sizes above 4-in. nominal diameter, the testing laboratory shall
be allowed to replace the quick burst test (Test Method
D 1599) by the apparent ring tensile strength test (Test method
TABLE A5.1 Specification D 4066 Classification
PA
Polyamide
3 (group)
11 nylon
2 (class)
Heat stabilized
3 (grade)
Relative viscosity, min
Melt point, C
Specific gravity
Tensile strength, min,
MPa
Elongation (ultimate),
min, %
Flexural modulus, min,
MPa
Izod impact resistance,
min, J/M
Deflection temperature,
min at 1.82 MPa
Moisture as received,
%, max

Short-Term in
Accordance with
D 4066

PA32312

PA323

Long-Term in Accordance
with D 2837
HDB of 2500 psi for
73F (23C)

D 2290). The minimum apparent tensile strength at yield when

determined in accordance with 6.8 shall be 3900 psi (27 MPa).
A5.4.3 Sustained Pressure at 73F (23C)The pipe or
system shall not fail in less than 1000 h when tested in
accordance with Test Method D 1598. The stress shall be 2800
psi (19 MPa).
A5.4.4 Squeeze OffThis requirement is limited to pipe
sizes, wall thicknesses, squeeze procedures, and conditions
deemed suitable for squeeze-off in service by the pipe manufacturer. There shall be no leakage or visual evidence of
splitting, cracking, breaking, or reduction in 1000-h sustained
pressure category when pipe is tested as follows:
A5.4.4.1 Prepare six randomly selected pipe specimens in
accordance with Test Method D 1598, except they shall be
unfilled.
A5.4.4.2 The squeeze-off shall be effected at the midpoint
of the test specimen, 90 to the point of the measured minimum
wall thickness. Close the squeeze bars to the gap stop in
Specification F 1563 and hold in constraint for 4 h. Remove
squeeze bars and reround pipe by closing squeeze bars at a
point 90 for the squeeze area.
A5.4.4.3 Immediately upon removal of the squeeze-off tool,
fill the specimens with ambient temperature water, that is 67 6
10F (19.4 6 5.0C), condition, and test in accordance with
6.6.
A5.4.5 Outdoor Storage StabilityPA pipe stored outdoors
and unprotected for at least two years from date of manufacture
shall meet all the requirements of this specification. PA pipe
stored outdoors for over two years from date of manufacture is
suitable for use if it meets the requirements of this specification.
A5.4.6 Chemical ResistanceThe weight, yield strength,
and inherent viscosity requirements for polyamide pipe when
measured in accordance with 6.9 are in Table A5.3.

A5.3 Materials
A5.3.1 ClassificationPolyamide materials suitable for use
in the manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specification shall be classified in accordance with Specification
D 4066, as shown in Table A5.1.
A5.3.2 Short- and Long-Term PropertiesPolyamide pipe
and fittings shall be made from a PA material which also
satisfies the combinations of short- and long-term property
requirements shown in Table A5.2.

Classification

PA Material
Designation Code

Designation

1.83
185195
1.031.06
48

A5.5 Marking

200

A5.5.1 PA pipe shall be marked with the elevated temperature code letters EF CG in accordance with Table 4 in addition
to the marking requirements of 7.1.
E = maximum temperature of 180F (82C),
F = 1250 psi HDB at 180F (82C),
C = temperature of 140F (60C), and
G = 1600 psi HDB at 140F (60C).

900
55
40
0.08

16

D 2513 04
TABLE A5.3 Chemical Resistance
Weight
Change,
max
Chemical
%

Mineral
oil
Tertiary-butyl
mercaptan
(5 %)
Methanol
Ethylene
glycol
Toluene
(5 %)

Yield
Strength

Inherent
Viscosity,
%

Change,
max
%

+0.5

12

63

+0.5

12

63

+5
+0.5

35
12

63
63

+7

40

63

A6. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS PRESSURE PIPE PRODUCED FROM MAGNETIC-DETECTABLE
POLYETHYLENE MATERIAL (MDPEMAG/HDPEMAG) WITH UP TO 24 % CONCENTRATION (WEIGHT PERCENT) OF
STRONTIUM FERRITE (SrFe)

A6.1 Scope

A6.3 Materials
A6.3.1 Cell Classification and Strontium Ferrite
BlendingPolyethylene materials for blending with strontium
ferrite shall be PE2406 (MDPE) material meeting a cell
classification of 234363C or 234263E per specification
D 3350, or PE3408 (HDPE) material meeting a cell classification of 345464C or 345464E per specification D 3350. These
materials shall be blended with up to a maximum of 24 %
concentration level by weight of strontium ferrite (SrFe)
A6.3.1.1 MDPEMAGPE2406 material that is blended
with a maximum of 24 % concentration level by weight of
strontium ferrite, shall be listed by PPI TR4 with a minimum
hydrostatic design basis (HDB) ratings of 1250 psi (8.62 MPa)
at 73F (23C) and 800 psi (5.52MPa) at 140F (60C)
A6.3.1.2 HDPEMAGPE3408 material that is blended
with a maximum of 24 % concentration level by weight of
strontium ferrite, shall be listed by PPI TR4 with a minimum
hydrostatic design basis (HDB) ratings of 1600 psi (11.03
MPa) at 73F (23C) and 800 psi (5.52MPa) at 140F (60C)
A6.3.1.3 Strontium Ferrite (SrFe)Strontium Ferrite materials must conform to typical powder characteristics shown in
Table A6.1.
A6.3.2 Short and Long Term PropertiesPolyethylene pipe
and tubing shall be made from magnetic-detectable PE materials which also satisfy the combinations of short- and longterm property requirements shown in Table A5.2.
A6.3.3 Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) Substantiation
The HDB for magnetic-detectable PE materials at 73F (23C)

A6.1.1 This annex covers requirements for magneticdetectable PE pipe and tubing with up to 24 % concentration
by weight of Strontium Ferrite (SrFe). These requirements are
in addition to those in the main body of this specification.
NOTE A6.1The use of the term Magnetic-detectable Polyethylene
(Magnetic-detectable PE) throughout the body of this annex refers to only
conventional grades of PE (medium and high density) blended with up to
24 % (by weight) concentration of Strontium Ferrite (SrFe) only. While
other fillers can be added, this annex is restricted to SrFe only on the basis
of the comprehensive testing and evaluation on the chemical, physical,
and mechanical properties of the magnetic-detectable PE. Magneticdetectable PE is a patented technology exclusively owned by Gas
Technology Institute (formerly Gas Research Institute).

A6.2 Referenced Documents

A6.2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A6.2.1.1 Test Methods for:
D 1238 Melt Flow Rate of Thermoplastics by Extrusion
Plastometers
D 1598 Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant
Internal Pressure
D 1599 Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of
Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
D 2290 Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method
D 2837 Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
F 1473 Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to
Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
A6.2.1.2 Specification for:
D 3350 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe and Fitting Materials
F 1563 Tools to Squeeze Off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or
Tubing
A6.2.2 PPI Documents
A6.2.2.1 PPI TR4 Hydrostatic Design Bases and Maximum
Recommended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for Thermoplastic
Piping Materials

TABLE A6.1 Typical Powder Characteristics of Strontium Ferrite

Characteristic
Chemical Composition
Theoretical Density
Bulk Density
+325 Mesh
Average Particle Size
(FSS-Fisher sub-sieve Sizer, 5.15
gram sample)

17

Units

Value

g/cm3
kg/m3
wt. %
microns

SrFe12O19
5.09
2243
5
3.5

D 2513 04
A6.5.1.1 MagnetizerFor less than 2 in. IPS (60.3 mm)
pipe and tubing, AILM 2.375 magnetizer unit must be used.
For pipe and tubing larger than 2 in. IPS (60.3 mm) and less
than 4 in. IPS (114.3 mm), AILM 4.0 magnetizer unit must be
used. For 2 in. IPS (60.3 mm), either AILM 2.375 or AILM 4.0
can be used.
A6.5.1.2 Magnetizer Rotation SpeedsThe rotation speed
of the magnet core contained within the magnetizer unit shall
be calculated for each pipe size as a function of the line speed
using the following equation:

shall be substantiated by showing that the extrapolation of the

stress regression curve is linear to the 438 000-h intercept (long
term hydrostatic strength at 50 years in accordance with Test
Method D 2837). This will be done in accordance with Test
Method D 2837 using one of the two following procedures:
A6.3.3.1 Use the twelve data points from Conditions I and
II obtained in 5.6.1 (Procedure I) of Test Method D 2837 along
with the 438 000-h intercept to solve for the three-coefficient
rate process extrapolation equation. Then using this new
model, calculate the mean estimated failure time for Condition
III. When the log average time for six specimens tested at
Condition III has reached this time, linear extrapolation of
73F (23C) stress regression curve to 438 000-h is substantiated.
A6.3.3.2 When 5.6.2 (Procedure II) of the Test Method
D 2837 is used to validate the 73F (23C) HDB linear
extrapolation of the stress regression curve to 438 000-h is
substantiated when the log average failure time of the test
specimens at 176F (80C) surpasses 6000 hours.

v 5 V/~12l!

(A6.1)

where:
v = rotation speed of the magnet core, r/min
V = line speed, in./min.
l = one single period as measure from peak to peak on a
sin function graph. For gas distribution application, l =
10 ft.
A6.5.2 ConditioningFor those tests where conditioning is
required or unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens
prior to testing for a minimum of 1 h in water or 4 h in air at
73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) or in accordance with 6.3. The
conditioning requirements of 6.3 shall be used in all cases of
disagreement.
A6.5.3 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure/Apparent Tensile Strength (Quick Burst)The pipe or system shall fail in a
ductile manner when tested in accordance with Test Method
D 1599. For pipe size above 4-in. nominal diameter, the quick
burst test (Test Method D 1599) may be replaced by the
apparent ring tensile strength test (Test Method D 2290). The
minimum apparent tensile strength at yield when determined in
accordance with 6.8 shall be 2520 psi (17.4 MPa).
A6.5.4 Sustained Pressure 73F (23C)The pipe or system shall not fail in less than 1000 h when tested in accordance
with Test Method D 1598. For MDPEMAG material, the stress
shall be 1320 psi, for HDPEMAG materials, the stress shall be
1600 psi.
A6.5.5 Melt IndexMelt index is the flow rate of Magneticdetectable PE material when measured in accordance with Test
Method D 1238, condition 190/2.16 (formerly Condition E).
Materials that record zero flow under condition 190/2.16 shall
be measured in accordance with condition 190/21.6 (formerly
condition F). The melt index of pipe shall meet the designated
category in Table 4. The sample shall be representative of the
cross section of the pipe and diced to an appropriate size by a
method not producing heat.
A6.5.6 Squeeze-offThis requirement is limited to pipe
sizes, wall thicknesses, squeeze procedures and conditions
deemed suitable for squeeze-off in service by the pipe manufacturer. There shall be no leakage or visual evidence of
splitting, cracking, breading or reduction in 1000-h sustained
pressure category when pipe is tested as follows:
A6.5.6.1 Prepare six randomly selected pipe specimens in
accordance with Test method D 1598.
A6.5.6.2 The squeeze-off shall be effected at the midpoint
of test specimen, 90 to the point of the measured minimum
wall thickness. Close the squeeze bars to the gap stop recommended in Specification F 1563 and hold in constraint for 4 h.

NOTE A6.2For less than 2 in. IPS (60.3 mm) pipe and tubing that has
been magnetized to induce a characteristic sinusoidal signature, a maximum of 24 % concentration level by weight of strontium ferrite (SrFe) in
polyethylene has been identified as effectively detectable at typical burial
depths. For 2 in. IPS (60.3 mm) and larger pipe and tubing that has been
magnetized to induce a characteristic sinusoidal signature, a 17 %
concentration level by weight of strontium ferrite (SrFe) in polyethylene
has been identified as effectively detectable at burial depths of 3 to 5 feet
(0.9 to 1.5 m). Supporting information in a Research Report. RR-F171018, has been filed with ASTM headquarters.
NOTE A6.3For more information on the AILM Magnetizer Unit
contact Gas Technology Institute (GTI) 1700 S. Prospect Rd., Des Plaines,
IL 60018
NOTE A6.4Melt index ranges for magnetic detectable PE with up to
24 % concentration by weight of strontium ferrite are summarized in Table
4.
NOTE A6.5The long term hydrostatic strength at 50 years in accordance with Test Method D 2837 is not to be used for any pressure rating
calculations. The MAOP is still calculated using the HDB obtained from
Test Method D 2837 long term hydrostatic strength at 100 000 hours.

A6.3.3.3 Slow Crack Growth ResistanceTest Method is

F 1473 on compression molded plaques. Stress is 2.4 MPa
based on the unnotched area. Temperature is 80C. Notch
depth in accordance with Table 1 in Test Method F 1473. The
minimum of the average of the two tests shall be 100 h. Do at
least four tests in case of dispute.
A6.3.3.4 Additive ClassesMagnetic-detectable materials
shall be Code Letter C or E as defined in Specification D 3350.
A6.4 Fittings
A6.4.1 Fittings intended for use with corresponding sized
outside diameter magnetic-detectable pipe and tubing shall
meet the requirements of the main body of this specification,
Annex A1, and Annex A3.
A6.5 Requirements
A6.5.1 Magnetization and Magnetic DetectabilityPipe
and tubing shall be magnetized during the extrusion process by
passing the pipe through a magnetizer containing a rotating
permanent magnet core that magnetizes the strontium ferrite
particles with a characteristic sinusoidal pattern.
18

D 2513 04
2500 psi for MDPEMAG materials or 2900 psi for HDPEMAG
materials. Hoop stress calculation shall be based on the DR.
(WarningPressurization of pipe specimens above 12 in.
nominal diameter being tested in accordance with A6.5.9
should not commence until it is certain that all entrapped air
has been bled from water-filled specimens.)

Remove squeeze bar and reround pipe by closing squeeze bars

at a point 90 from the squeeze area.
A6.5.6.3 Immediately upon removal of the squeeze-off tool,
fill the specimens with ambient temperature water, that is, 67 6
10F (19.4 6 5.6C), condition, and test in accordance with
6.6.
A6.5.7 Thermal StabilityThe Magnetic-detectable PE
material shall contain sufficient antioxidant so that the minimum induction temperature shall be 428F (220C) when
tested in accordance with Specification D 3350. The sample
shall be representative of the cross section of the pipe.
A6.5.8 Outdoor Storage StabilityMagnetic-detectable PE
pipe stored outdoors and unprotected for at least two years
from date of manufacture shall meet all the requirements of this
specification. Magnetic-detectable PE pipe stored outdoors for
over two years from date of manufacture may be used if it
meets the requirements of this specification.
A6.5.9 Dimensions and TolerancesThe outside diameter
shall meet the requirements in Tables 1 and 2 in the main body
for sizes up to 12 in. The minimum wall thickness shall meet
the requirements in Table 2 and Table 3 in the main body for
sizes through 12 in., or in Table A1.5 for larger sizes. When
sizes other than those listed in these tables are used, the
tolerances on outside diameter shall be the average outside
diameter 60.45 %, or minimum outside diameter 0, +0.9 %,
and the tolerance on minimum wall thickness shall be 0,
+12 %.
A6.5.10 Short Term Pressurization for Sizes Above 12
in.Magnetic-detectable PE pipe shall not fail when tested in
accordance with Test Method D 1599 with the hoop stress of

NOTE A6.6The requirements in A6.5.9 are for laboratory proof

testing only and should not be interpreted as applicable to on-site testing
for acceptance of installed systems larger than 12 in. See appropriate
installation standards or manufacturers recommendations for field test
procedures.

A6.5.11 HDBC Validation for Magnetic-detectable PE

PipeThe 73F (23C) Hydrostatic Design Basis Category
(HDBC) of Magnetic-detectable PE pipe shall be validated by
the pipe producer using the PE validation procedure as outlined
in Test Method D 2837. For MDPEMAG material, the HDBC
of 1250 psi shall be validated; for HDPEMAG material, the
HDBC of 1600 psi shall be validated.
A6.6 Marking
A6.6.1 Magnetic-detectable PE pipe and tubing shall be
marked with the melt index category in accordance with Table
4 in addition to the marking requirements of 7.1.
A6.7 Quality Control
A6.7.1 In-plant quality control program requirements contained within Annex A3 shall be used to ensure compliance
with this specification. The pipe producers shall maintain
records on all aspects of this program and supply these to the
purchaser, if requested.

A7. SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS PRESSURE PIPE PRODUCED FROM

CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENE (PEX) MATERIAL

A7.3.2 Basic MaterialsPEX pipe shall be made from

polyethylene compounds which have been crosslinked by
peroxides, Azo compounds, or silane compounds in extrusion,
or by electron beam after extrusion, or by other means such
that the pipe meets the performance requirements of this
Annex. The materials, procedure for mixing, and the process
for crosslinking shall result in a product with minimum
recommended long term hydrostatic design basis (HDB) equal
to or greater than 1250 psi at 73.4F (23C) and 800 psi at
180F (82.2C) when determined in accordance with PPI TR-3
and Test Method D 2837.
A7.3.3 DensityThe PEX pipe material shall have a minimum density of 0.926 g/cc when determined in accordance
with Test Method D 1505, D 792, or D 4883.
A7.3.4 Rework MaterialPEX pipes shall not be used in
the manufacture of pipes to this Annex.
A7.3.5 Pipe Material DesignationThe pipe meeting the
requirements of this Annex shall be designated PEX.

A7.1 Scope
A7.1.1 This annex covers requirements for PEX pipe. These
requirements are in addition to those in the main body of this
specification.
A7.2 Referenced Documents
A7.2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A7.2.1.1 Test Methods for:
D 792 Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of
Plastics by Displacement
D 1505 Density of Plastics by Density-Gradient Technique
D 2765 Determination of Gel Content and Swell Ratio of
Crosslinked Ethylene Plastics
D 4883 Density of Polyethylene by Ultrasound Technique
A7.3 Materials
A7.3.1 GeneralPEX pipe are primarily defined by means
of three criteria, namely, (1) nominal density, (2) degree of
crosslinking, and (3) long-term strength tests. There is a strong
correlation between nominal density and results of short-term
strength tests.

A7.4 Requirements for Pipe

A7.4.1 ConditioningFor those tests where conditioning is
required or unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens

19

D 2513 04
deemed suitable for squeeze-off in service by the pipe manufacturer. There shall be no leakage or visual evidence of
splitting, cracking, breaking or reduction in 1000-h sustained
pressure category when pipe is tested as follows:
A7.4.6.1 Prepare six randomly selected pipe specimens in
accordance with Test Method D 1598 except they shall be
unfilled.
A7.4.6.2 The squeeze-off shall be effected at the mid-point
of the test specimen, 90 to the point of the measured minimum
wall thickness. Close the squeeze bars to the gap stop in
Specification F 1563 and hold in constraint for 4 h. Remove
squeeze bar and reround pipe by closing squeeze bars at a point
90 from the squeeze area.
A7.4.6.3 Immediately upon removal of the squeeze-off tool,
fill the specimens with ambient temperature water, that is 67 6
10F (19.4 6 5.6C), condition, and test in accordance with
6.6.
A7.4.7 Thermal StabilitySpecimens of the pipe inside
wall surface not more than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) thick shall
demonstrate a minimum induction temperature of 428F
(220C) when tested in accordance with the Test Method for
Thermal Stability in Specification D 3350.
A7.4.8 Outdoor Storage StabilityPEX pipe stored outdoors and unprotected for at least two years from date of
manufacture shall meet all the requirements of this specification. PE pipe stored outdoors for over two years from date of
manufacture is suitable for use if it meets the requirements of
this specification.
A7.4.9 Apparent Tensile Strength at YieldWhen tested in
accordance to 6.8, the PEX pipe shall demonstrate a minimum
of 2600 psi for PEX 0006 materials and 3000 psi for PEX 0008
materials.
A7.4.10 Slow Crack Growth ResistanceTest Method is
F 1473 on compression molded plaques or PEX pipe sample.
Stress is 2.4 MPa based on unnotched area. Temperature is
80C. Notch depth in accordance with Table 1 in Test Method
F 1473. The minimum of the average of the two tests shall be
100 h. Do at least four tests in case of a dispute.

prior to testing for a minimum of 1 h in water or 4 h in air at

73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) or in accordance with 6.3. The
conditioning requirements of 6.3 shall be used in all cases of
disagreement.
A7.4.2 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure/Apparent Tensile Strength (Quick Burst)The pipe shall fail in a ductile
manner when tested in accordance with Test Method D 1599.
For pipe sizes above 4-in. nominal diameter, the testing lab
shall be allowed to replace the quick burst test (Test Method
D 1599) by the apparent ring tensile strength test (Test Method
D 2290). The minimum apparent tensile strength at yield when
determined in accordance with 6.8 shall be 2520 psi (17.4
MPa).
A7.4.3 Sustained Pressure 73F (23C)The pipe shall not
fail in less than 1000 h when tested in accordance with Test
Method D 1598. For PEX 0006 material, the stress shall be
1320 psi (9.1 MPa), for PEX 0008 material, the stress shall be
1600 psi (11.03 MPa).
A7.4.4 Elevated Temperature 203F (95C)The pipe
shall not fail in less than 165 h when tested in accordance with
Test Method D 1598. For PEX 0006 and 0008 materials, the
stress shall be 550 psi (3.8 MPa).
A7.4.5 Degree of CrosslinkingThe degree of crosslinking
for PEX pipe shall be within the range from 65 to 89 %
inclusive. Depending on the process used, the following
minimum percentage crosslinking values shall be achieved:
70 % by peroxides, 65 % by Azo compounds, 65 % by electron
beam, or 65 % by silane compound. The degree of crosslinking
on a pipe sample is obtained as follows:
A7.4.5.1 Place a pipe sample in a lathe with automatic
feeding. Shave a strip that consists of the full wall thickness.
The strip thickness shall be approximately 0.004 in. (0.1 mm)
which is obtained by setting the lathe feeding accordingly.
A7.4.5.2 Test the specimens in accordance with Test
Method D 2765, Method B, with the only deviation: test
specimen preparation. For the purpose of this specification,
degree of crosslinking (V) is defined as 100 % minus extract
percent equals V.
NOTE A7.1Test Method D 2765, Method A may be used in lieu of
Method B. Method A gives more accurate and reproducible values but
require a special grinder for sample preparation.

A7.5 Marking
A7.5.1 PEX pipe shall be marked with the marking requirements of 7.1.

A7.4.6 Squeeze-OffThis requirement is limited to pipe

sizes, wall thicknesses, squeeze procedures, and conditions

20

D 2513 04
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. NEW MATERIALS

X1.1 It is the intent of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic

Piping Systems to consider for inclusion other kinds, types, and
grades of thermoplastics in this specification, when evidence is
presented to show that they are suitable for underground
distribution of natural gas. Minimum requirements, in addition
to all the pertinent parts of this specification are: (1) an ASTM
material specification, (2) and ASTM product specification, (3)
the materials long-term hydrostatic strength, determined in
accordance with an appropriate test method such as Test
Method D 2837, and (4) at least 3 years of service-related
evidence to demonstrate that the material has performed
satisfactorily as underground gas pressure piping.
X1.2 Each candidate material is considered individually
with respect to its own properties, the intended application, and
other pertinent usage experience. Experience with a related
approved material may be applicable to a new material
provided the germane correlations can be demonstrated.

X1.3 An example of appropriate evidence to meet service

related requirements, but not necessarily the only way, would
be a minimum of 3 years evaluation of representative piping
systems in gas service under representative conditions without
significant change in physical or mechanical properties. Such
systems should aggregate at least 1000 ft (305 m) of piping to
provide an ample basis for statistical evaluation. Piping systems should contain representative pipe sizes and companion
pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, couplings, and caps. Recommendations for making individual service connections on both
pressured and unpressured systems is also desirable information. If special backfill materials or techniques are necessary
for satisfactory performance, they should be so stated and
described; otherwise generally accepted industry practices are
assumed to be adequate. Publications of the American Gas
Association and the Plastic Pipe Institute contain information
which may be useful in assessing the suitability or relevancy of
candidate materials.

X2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Pb 5 2Sy /~DR 2 1!

X2.1 General
X2.1.1 The design of a plastic piping system for natural gas
service must include consideration of the combined effects of
time, internal and external stress, and environment as an
overall basis for selecting a specific kind and size of plastic
pipe. The design stress for plastic pipe used for distribution of
natural gas and petroleum fuels is regulated by the U.S.
Department of Transportation as published in Part 192 Title 49
of the Code of Federal Regulations. The American Gas
Association Plastic Materials Committee, the Fuel Gas Division of PPI, and members of ASTM Committee F17 are
cooperating with the ASME Gas Piping Technology Committee to provide assistance in selecting safe design stress levels
for the various kinds of plastic pipe.

where:
P b = burst pressure, psig (MPa),
Sy
= yield stress, psi (MPa), and
DR = dimension ratio.
Ps 5 2Sf /~ DR 2 1!

(X2.3)

where:
P s = sustained pressure, psig (MPa),
= fiber stress psi (MPa), and
Sf
DR = dimension ratio.
X2.2.3 Relation between Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB)
and Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS)The HDS is determined
by multiplying the HDB by a design factor, f. The design factor,
f, has a value less than 1.0.

X2.2 Design Equations

X2.2.1 Relationship Between Pipe Stress and Pressure
The following expression is used to relate stress, pressure, pipe
size, and wall thickness:
P 5 2S/~DR 2 1! or 2S/ [~Do /t! 2 1]

(X2.2)

HDS 5 ~HDB! ~f!

(X2.4)

(X2.1)
NOTE X2.1The actual choice of design factor for a given installation
must be reviewed by the design engineer taking into account federal, state,
and local code requirements. For example, the design factor for gas
pipelines under the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation is
0.32.

where:
S
= stress in the circumferential or hoop direction, psi
(MPa),
P
= internal pressure, psig (MPa),
DR = dimension ratio,
Do = average outside diameter, in. (mm), and
t
= minimum wall thickness, in. (mm).
X2.2.2 The following expression can be used to determine
the burst pressure or sustained pressures needed in testing:

X2.3 Design Stress and Internal Pressure for Natural

Gas
X2.3.1 The design stresses for natural gas pipe are based on
the hydrostatic design basis at 73F (23C) obtained in
21

D 2513 04
Dt

accordance with Test Method D 2837. The test medium should

be natural gas or simulated natural gas except that water may
be used where previous tests have shown that for the particular
type of plastic, water and natural gas give essentially the same
test results. The hydrostatic design basis of the plastics
presently included in the applicable ASTM specifications are as
follows:
Plastic Pipe
Material Designation

= maximum temperature minus minimum temperature,

F (C).
X2.4.1.1 The measured stress has been determined to be
less than that calculated. This difference is caused by the stress
relaxation in viscoelastic materials.
X2.4.2 Calculate the theoretical force sustained at the fixed
points (typically joints) in a pipe member as follows:

Hydrostatic Design
Basis at
73F (23C), psi (MPa)
2500 (17.2)
1250 (8.6)
1600 (11.0)
4000 (27.6)
2000 (13.8)
3150 (24.8)

PA 32312
PE 2406
PE 3408
PVC 1120
PVC 2110
PVC 2116

F5S 3A

where:
F = force, lbf (N),
S = stress, psi (MPa), and
A = cross-sectional pipe wall area, in.2 (mm2).
X2.4.3 Calculate pipe contraction in unrestrained pipe
caused by a reduction in temperature as follows:

X2.3.2 The design stresses for natural gas at service

temperatures above 73F (23C) should be based on hydrostatic design basis of the pipe that are applicable for the
particular use temperature.
X2.3.3 The design stress for PE pipe for fuel gases other
than natural gas should be based on hydrostatic design basis
categories that have been established with the intended gas as
the pressurizing medium (see X.2.7.2 for information on the
effect of common LPG fuels on the long-term strength of PE
pipes).

DL 5 k 3 L 3 C 3 Dt

where:
DL =
k
=
k
=
L
=
C
=
Dt
=

NOTE X2.2Water may be used in lieu of a particular fuel gas where

previous tests have shown that the results obtained with water are
equivalent.

(X2.7)

change in length,
1000 for DL (mm), L (m), C (C1), Dt (C), or
12 for DL (in.), L (ft), C (F 1), Dt (F),
original length,
coefficient of linear expansion, and
temperature change.

X2.5 Installation Procedure

X2.5.1 It is recognized that certain minimum requirements
exist for the support of earth loads from backfill and other
external forces. Proper installation techniques can be used with
flexible conduit (as defined by Marston and Spangler (2)) to
support relatively large earth loads without excessive deflection by mobilizing lateral passive soil forces. Proper installation technique ensures that the necessary passive soil pressure
at the side of the pipe will be developed and maintained. It is
also recognized that internal pressures may be valuable in
minimizing the deflection caused by earth loads. Installation
procedures described in Recommended Practice B 2774, ANSI
B31.8, and the AGA Plastic Pipe Manual for Gas Service are
recommended.
X2.5.2 Unrestrained plastic pipe expands and contracts
from thermal change significantly more than metallic pipe.
This ratio may be of the magnitude of ten to one. Typical
coefficients of thermal expansion for unrestrained pipe are as
follows (see Note X2.3):

X2.3.4 Strengths for other plastic pipe materials will be

added when these materials are included in the applicable
ASTM specifications. The design stresses for natural gas are
obtained by multiplying the hydrostatic design basis by design
factors or service factors according to the class of location as
described in Chapter IV of the American National Standard
Code for Pressure Piping ANSI B31.8, or, for gas operators in
the United States, Subpart C of the Minimum Federal Safety
Standards for Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by
Pipeline, Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
X2.3.5 For liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) applications, a
maximum operating pressure of 30 psig (206 kPa) is recommended in NFPA 58 by the members of the National Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Association. Liquefied petroleum gas has a
higher condensation temperature than does natural gas; this
maximum pressure is recommended to ensure that plastic pipe
is not subjected to excessive exposure to LPG condensates.
(See X2.7.1.)

PE 9.0 3 105(in./in.)/F 24.30 (mm/mm)/C

PVC 3.5 3 105(in./in.)/F 11.45 (mm/mm)/C

Mains and service lines installed by insertion are considered

to approximate unrestrained conditions inside the casing pipe
except at end connections. Direct-burial pipe is considered to
be partially restrained by passive soil pressures except in the
vicinity of joints.

X2.4 Thermal Stress

X2.4.1 Calculate the longitudinal stress (theoretical) induced in a pipe member between fixed points as follows:
S 5 E 3 C 3 Dt

(X2.6)

(X2.5)

NOTE X2.3Coefficient of thermal expansion for the specific pipe

being considered should be used, if available.

where:
S = stress, psi (MPa),
E = modulus of elasticity, psi (MPa), instantaneous, at
73F (23C),
C = coefficient of expansion, in./in./F, (mm/mm/C), and

X2.5.3 Internal pressure, earth settlement, ground movement, and thermal contraction impose stresses on the pipe that
can be transmitted to joints. These stresses are additive.
Installation practices should reflect the need for continuous
22

D 2513 04
X2.7 Environmental Effects

support and containment of the pipe through suitable bedding

and backfilling procedures. Attention should be given to all
joints, particularly to transition joints between plastic and
metal pipe.
X2.5.4 It is desirable to have pipe joints that are as strong as
the pipe itself in the longitudinal (axial) direction. Thermal
fusion, solvent cement joints, and mechanical joints outlined in
6.10, Category 1 can provide such joint strength. The joint
strength is a function of the assembly procedure, the design of
the fitting, and the pipe material and dimensions (see X2.5.5).
X2.5.5 For those mechanical devices that are not designed
to restrain the pipe against pullout forces, provisions must be
made in the field to prevent pullout, keeping in mind that
mechanical joints are vulnerable to the effects of internal
pressure, temperature changes, earth settlement, and ground
movement. A somewhat limited alternative is to use long
sleeve-type fittings that permit limited movement without loss
of pressure seal. Otherwise, provisions must be made in the
field to prevent pullout through suitable anchoring at the joint.
X2.5.6 Plastic pipe joined with mechanical connectors that
utilize a compression-type gasket must be reinforced by means
of a tubular stiffener that extends at least under the section of
pipe being compressed by the gasket and the gripping device
(where used). The stiffener shall be nonsplit-type design to
meet the performance requirements recommended by the
manufacturer of the fitting in which it is used, and the joint
shall meet the test requirements outlined in 6.10.
X2.5.7 Kinks found in the pipe shall be cut out. Pipe with
kinks shall not be placed in service.

X2.7.1 Natural GasThe long term effect of natural gas

(methane, but with minor amounts of other gases) at 73F
(23C) has been shown (3,4) to be essentially equivalent to that
of water at 73F (23C) for three kinds of plastic pipe (PVC,
PB, and PE). However, the effects of other liquid environments
such as antifreeze agents, odorants, and hydrocarbons are
known to be deleterious to some plastics, particularly when
under service conditions, and therefore, should not be permitted in the gas system unless the plastic pipe has been fully
evaluated under the service conditions.
X2.7.2 Other Fuel Gases In accordance with this specification, PE materials must have not less than a 1250 psi HDB
for 73.4F, for methane. It has been shown (5, 6, and 7) that
aliphatic gaseous fuels of higher molecular weights than
methane (natural gas) somewhat reduce the long-term strength
of PE pipe materials compared to when using methane or water
as the pressurizing medium. The reduction in PEs long-term
strength caused by gaseous propane, propylene and butane is
modest, well under 20 %. On this basis one report (5) considers
an HDB of 1000 psi, for 73.4F, as a reasonable and conservative design basis for PE piping materials intended for LPG
fuel gas service.
X2.7.2.1 However, it has also been shown by the above
referenced studies that propane, propylene and butane, when in
the liquid phase, can cause a greater reduction in long-term
strength, up to 40 %. Accordingly, the use of PE piping to
convey LPG gaseous fuels should recognize this effect and the
design and operation of such piping should consider the
possibility for the occurence of condensates. Extensive experience has shown that the NFPA maximum recommended
operating pressure of 30 psig for LPG systems (see X2.3.4)
both minimizes the possible occurence of condensates and
gives adequate consideration of the effect of LPG fuels on the
long-term strength of PE piping.

X2.6 Repair Considerations

X2.6.1 Repairs may be made to plastic pipe under appropriate circumstances. Selection and installation considerations
for the use of full encirclement band clamps are available in
ASTM Guide F 1025. Additional information on repair of
plastic pipe may be found in manufacturers literature, the A.
G. A. Plastic Pipe Manual for Gas Service, ANSI B31.8 Gas
Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, and in the
ASME Guide for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping
Systems.

NOTE X2.4PPI Technical Report TR 2288 (5) lists maximum

operating pressures for various minimum operating temperatures at which
condensates will not form in LPG systems in which the primary fuels are
propane and butane.

X3. GAS PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS PRODUCED FROM POLYETHYLENE (PE) MATERIALS WITH MINIMUM
REQUIRED STRENGTH (MRS) DESIGNATION

X3.1 Scope
X3.1.1 This appendix covers information for PE pipe and
fittings produced from polyethylene material with MRS designations. The intent for this Appendix is to utilize the information as a guideline for specifying product to take to the DOT
(Department of Transportation). In conjunction with this Appendix, the AGA-PMC (American Gas Association Plastics
Materials Committee) has a project to petition the DOT for
recognition and use of MRS rated materials in gas pressure
pipe and fittings. Gas utilities may obtain waivers from
appropriate governing bodies to use MRS rated materials in gas
pressure pipe and fittings. The non-mandatory information in

this Appendix may be used to supplement requirements in the

main body and Annex A1 of this specification.
X3.2 Referenced Documents
X3.2.1 ISO Documents:
ISO 9080 Thermoplastics Pipes for the Transport of
FluidsMethods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Data to Determine Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength of
Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
ISO 12162 Thermoplastic Materials for Pipes and Fittings
for Pressure ApplicationsClassification and Designation
Overall Service (Design) Coefficient

23

D 2513 04
cation may be classified in accordance with Specification
D 3350 as noted in Table X3.1.
X3.4.3 Substantiation of long-term hydrostatic strength at
50 years is not required when the MRS time, t, is 50 years or
greater. However, the manufacturer shall assure that in determining MRS at u = 23C and t = 50 years, any ductile to brittle
transition occurs after the 50-year intercept.

X3.2.2 PPI Documents:

TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic
Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB), Strength
Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum Required Strengths (MRS)
Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe
TR-4 PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB),
Strength Design Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB)
and Minimum Required Strength (MRS) for Thermoplastic
Piping Materials or Pipe
TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining for Polyethylene Gas
Pipe
TN-7 Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Curves

X3.5 Requirements
X3.5.1 Elevated Temperature ServiceIn addition to MRS
classification using the ISO 12162 standard conditions of 20C
and 50 years, the MRS can be determined at other desired
temperature or time conditions as denoted by MRS (u, t). The
MRS (u, t) is the categorized MRS value for a material at a
temperature of u C and a time of t years. Consult the
manufacturer for elevated temperature MRS values. In addition
to the pipe category per table 4 of ASTM D 2513, the pipe
category using the MRS designation as noted in Table X3.2
may be used.

NOTE X3.1For more information on hydrostatic strength classification, refer to PPI TN-7 or contact the Hydrostatic Stress Board Chairman.

X3.3 Terminology
X3.3.1 long-term hydrostatic strength (sLTHS), na quantity obtained in accordance with ISO 9080 with the dimensions
of stress which represents the predicted mean strength at a
temperature u and time t and can be considered as a property
of the material under consideration.
X3.3.2 lower predictive limit (LPL), na pipe materials
97.5 % lower confidence level of the extrapolated value
(typically at 20C and 50 years) obtained in accordance with
ISO 9080.
X3.3.3 minimum required strength (MRS), nthe categorized lower predictive limit (LPL) of the ISO 9080 long-term
strength at 20C and 50 years as defined in ISO 12162.

NOTE X3.3MRS (u, t) categorized values may be published in PPI

TR-4. For Pipe Category Table X3.2, in order to be consistent with the
elevated temperature service requirements in 5.6 and Table 4, the MRS at
the maximum service temperature (u) is based upon a time (t) of 100, 000
h (11 years).

X3.5.2 Sustained Pressure Sustained pressure testing

should be preformed either per X3.5.2.1 or X3.5.2.2.
X3.5.2.1 Testing at 73F (23C)The pipe or system
should not fail in less than 1000 h when tested in accordance
with Test Method D 1598. For PE 80/PE 2406 materials, the
stress should be 1320 psi; for PE 80/PE 3408 materials, the
stress should be 1600 psi; and for PE 100/PE 3408 materials,
the stress should be 1600 psi.

NOTE X3.2MRS (u, t) at 23C would be required in developing

operating pressures for gas lines under current DOT regulations, and that
additional MRS ratings at 100F (38C), 120F (49C) or 140F (60C)
would be required for gas use at elevated temperatures.

NOTE X3.4PE 80 material can be either PE 2406 or PE 3408; PE100

material is PE 3408.

X3.3.4 ISO thermoplastic material designation code,

nthe type of plastic (PE) followed by the minimum required
strength (MRS) designation times 10. For example, a PE
material with a MRS 8 designation has a material code of PE
80 and a PE material with a MRS 10 designation has a material
code of PE 100.

X3.5.2.2 Testing at 176F (80C)Alternatively, the sustained pressure testing may be performed at 176F (80C)
under the following stress and minimum failure times as noted
in Table X3.3.
TABLE X3.3 Hydrostatic Strength176F (80C) Stress/Minimum
Failure Time Correlation

X3.4 Materials
X3.4.1 Materials with PPI recommended MRS ratings are
listed in PPI TR-4. Grades of recommendation and data
requirements for PPI recommended MRS ratings are specified
in part B of PPI TR-3.
X3.4.2 ClassificationPolyethylene materials suitable for
use in the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specifi-

PE 80

PE 80

PE 100

PE 100

Stress,
psi (MPa)

Minimum Failure
Time, h

Stress,
psi (MPa)

Minimum Failure
Time, h

667
653
638
624
609
595
580

TABLE X3.1 Specification D 3350 Cell Classifications of

Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings Materials

(4.6)
(4.5)
(4.4)
(4.3)
(4.2)
(4.1)
(4.0)

165
219
283
394
533
727
1000

798
783
769
754
740
725

(5.5)
(5.4)
(5.3)
(5.2)
(5.1)
(5.0)

165
233
332
476
688
1000

PE Material Designation Code

Physical Properties
PE 80
Density
Melt index
Flexural modulus
Tensile strength
Slow crack growth resistance
(PENT)
Hydrostatic strength classification

NOTE X3.5The intent of this test is to achieve a non-ductile failure

mode. If a ductile failure is obtained, the test should be redone at the next
lowest stress.

PE 100

2, 3 or 4
3 ,4, or 5
3, 4, 5, or 6
3, 4, or 5
6

3 or 4
3, 4, or 5
4, 5, or 6
4, 5, or 6
6

3 or 4 and 5

4 and 6

X3.6 Marking
X3.6.1 Material DesignationThe ISO thermoplastic material designation code PE 80 or PE 100 may be utilized for
material designation in addition to PE 2406 or PE 3408.
24

D 2513 04
TABLE X3.2 Pipe Category
Property

Test
Method

Temperature, F (C)
Minimum Required Strength (MRS)
Melt Index

ISO 12162
D 1238

100 (38)

> 0.5

120 (49)

0.2 to 0.5

140 (60)

0.01 to 0.3

160 (71)

< 0.01A

180 (82)

0.07 to 0.20B

3.2

4.0

6.3

8.0

10.0

Typically melt flow measured under condition 190/21.6 is less than 4.01 g/10 min.
When a PE pipe or fitting is marked per 7.2 or 7.3 with this melt index range, it affirms that the manufacturer has verified generic fusion joining in accordance with PPI
TR-33. Information about manufacturers who have verified PPI TR-33 generic fusion joining with their products is found in PPI TR-33. Consult PPI and the manufacturer
for additional information.
B

X3.6.2 Elevated Temperature ServicePipe intended for

natural gas service at elevated temperatures greater than 73F

(23C) may be marked with the three letter code from Table
X3.2 in addition to the three letter code from Table 4.

REFERENCES
(1) Allman, W.B., Earthloading Design Considerations for Polyethylene
Gas Distribution Systems, Proceedings of the Fifth Plastic Pipe
Symposium, November 1315, 1974, Houston, TX, A.G.A., 1515
Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209, pp. 55171.
(2) Spangler, M.G., Secondary Stresses in Buried High Pressure Lines,
Iowa State College Bulletin, Engineering Report 23 of the Iowa
Engineering Experiment Station, 1954, 1955.
(3) Kuhlman, H. W., Leninger, R. I., and Wolter, Fritz, Investigation of
Engineering and Design Concepts for Plastics Pipe for Gas Distribution Application, presented at ANSI B31.8 meeting in St. Charles, IL,
October 19, 1965.
(4) Palermo, E. F., and Cassady, M. J., Comparison of Long-Term Effect

of Water and Methane on PE 2306 and PE 3406 Pipe Performance,

presented at the American Gas Association Plastic Material Committee
Winter Workshop, February 23, 1982.
(5) Polyethylene Plastic Piping Distrbution Systems for Components of
Liquified Petroleum Gases, PPI Technical Report TR-22.
(6) Henrich, R.C., Use of Polyethylene Pipe for Propane Distribution
Systems, Fifth Fuel Gas Pipe Symposium, Houston, TX, November,
1974.
(7) Viebke, J., Tranker, T., Hedenquist, and Gedde, V.W., Long-Term
Behavior of MDPE Gas Pipes Exposed to Realistic Propane Environments, Thirteenth Fuel Gas Pipe Symposium, San Antonio, TX,
November, 1993.

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25