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Terminologies Used in Protective Relaying

Protective relays are electrical devices that detect faults on electrical systems and operate circuit breakers to isolate faults. Key terms in protective relaying include relay time, breaking time, fault clearing time, pickup values, dropout values, time delay settings, and trip circuits. Protective schemes combine various protective systems using relays, circuit breakers, and other devices to isolate faults within defined protection zones of equipment like transmission lines.

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Mohammed Thofeek Khan
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582 views

Terminologies Used in Protective Relaying

Protective relays are electrical devices that detect faults on electrical systems and operate circuit breakers to isolate faults. Key terms in protective relaying include relay time, breaking time, fault clearing time, pickup values, dropout values, time delay settings, and trip circuits. Protective schemes combine various protective systems using relays, circuit breakers, and other devices to isolate faults within defined protection zones of equipment like transmission lines.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Thofeek Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TERMINOLOGIES USED IN PROTECTIVE RELAYING

1. Protective relay: an electrical relay, which closes its contacts when the
actuating quantity reaches a certain preset value. Due to the closing of the
contacts the relay will start an alarm circuit.
2. Relay time: the time between which the fault occurs and when the contact of
the relay closes.
3. Breaking time: the time between the instant circuit breaker operates and
opens the contacts to when the arc is completely extinguished.
4. fault clearing time: the total time required from the instant the fault occurs
to the instant the arc is extinguished in the circuit breaker. This is the sum of
breaking time and relay time.
5. Pickup: when a relay operates it is said to be picked up.
6. Pickup values: the minimum value of the actuating value at which the relay
will operate.
7. Dropout or reset: when the relay returns back to its original position ie
from closed back to open. Reset value is a value below the actuating
quantity current or voltage.
8. Time delay: time taken by the relay to operate after it has detected the fault.
9. Sealing relays or holding relays: when protective relays closes it is
relieved by some of its duties thus auxiliary relays takes these duties.
10.Current setting: the pickup value can be adjusted by the required level of
the relay, this is done by the use of tappings on the relay coils. { pickup
current= %current setting*C.T secondary current} when the relay coil
current is greater than or equal to the pickup value the relay will operate.
11. Plug setting multiplier: the ratio of actual fault current in the relay coil to
the pickup current. P.S.M= fault current in relay coil/pickup value
12.Time/P.S.M curve: for a relay, a curve showing relation between time and
plug setting multiplier. This type of characteristics is necessary to ensure
discrimination on very high fault currents flowing through healthy part of
the system. by using this curve the actual time of operation of a relay can be
found.
13. Time setting multiplier: a relay is provided with a feature with which its
time of operation can be controlled. This is known as time setting multiplier,
its dial is calibrated from 0-1 in steps of 0.05. the value of time setting
multiplier along with the obtained from time/psm decides the actual time of
operation.

14.Trip circuit: the opening operation of circuit breaker is controlled by a


circuit which consist of trip coil, relay contacts, auxiliary switch, battery
supply
15.Earth fault: the fault involving earth. Examples earth faults are single line
to ground fault, double line to ground fault.
16.Phase fault: the fault which doesnt involve earth is called phase fault. An
example is line to line faults
17.Protection scheme: the combination of various protective systems covering
a particular protective zone for a particular equipment.
18.Protective system: the combination of circuit breakers, trip circuits, CT and
other protective relaying equipments.
19.Unit protection: a protective system in which the protection zone is clearly
defined by the CT boundaries. Such systems works for internal faults only.
20.Reach: the limiting distance in which protective system responds to the
fault. Operation beyond the set distance is called over reach while failure of
distance relay within set distance is called under reach.

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