Exercises

1. Simple NS2 Program

#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns color 1 Green
$ns color 2 Blue
#Open the NAM trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the NAM trace file
close $nf
#Execute NAM on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create 8 nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
set n7 [$ns node]
#Create links between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 0.5Mb
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 2Mb
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 1Mb
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n6 1.7Mb
$ns duplex-link $n5 $n7 2.2Mb
$ns duplex-link $n6 $n7 2.7Mb

10ms DropTail
10ms DropTail
20ms DropTail
10ms DropTail
10ms DropTail
20ms DropTail
10ms DropTail
5ms DropTail

#Set Queue Size of link (n2-n3) to 20

$ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 10
$ns queue-limit $n4 $n5 10
$ns queue-limit $n6 $n7 20
#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n4 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n5 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n6 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n5 $n7 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n6 $n7 orient right-up
#Monitor the queue for link (n2-n3). (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5
$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n5 queuePos 0.4
$ns duplex-link-op $n6 $n7 queuePos 0.2
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1
#Setup a FTP over TCP connection
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ftp set type_ FTP
#Setup a UDP connection
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n6 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
$udp set fid_ 2
#Setup a CBR over UDP connection

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 1mb
$cbr set random_ false
#Schedule events for the CBR and FTP agents
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr start"
$ns at 0.5 "$ftp start"
$ns at 4.0 "$ftp stop"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr stop"
#Detach tcp and sink agents (not really necessary)
$ns at 4.5 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n5 $sink"
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Print CBR packet size and interval
puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
2. Stop and Wait NS2 Program
set ns [new Simulator]
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]

$ns at 0.0 "$n0 label Sender"

$ns at 0.0 "$n1 label Receiver"
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 50
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set window_ 1
$tcp set maxcwnd_ 1
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns add-agent-trace $tcp tcp
$ns monitor-agent-trace $tcp
$tcp tracevar cwnd_
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"
$ns at 3.0 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n1 $sink"
$ns at 3.5 "finish"
$ns at 0.0 "$ns trace-annotate \"Stop and Wait with normal operation\""
$ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP starts at 0.1\""
$ns at 0.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_0\""
$ns at 0.35 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_0\""
$ns at 0.56 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_1\""
$ns at 0.79 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_1\""
$ns at 0.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_2\""
$ns at 1.23 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_2 \""
$ns at 1.43 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_3\""
$ns at 1.67 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_3\""
$ns at 1.88 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_4\""
$ns at 2.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_4\""
$ns at 2.32 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_5\""
$ns at 2.55 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_5 \""
$ns at 2.75 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_6\""
$ns at 2.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_6\""
$ns at 3.1 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP stops\""
$ns run

3. Multicasting NS2 Program

set ns [new Simulator -multicast on]
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
$ns color 1 red
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n3 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 queuePos 0.5
set mproto DM
set mrthandle [$ns mrtproto $mproto {}]
set group0 [Node allocaddr]
set group1 [Node allocaddr]
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp0
$udp0 set dst_addr_ $group0
$udp0 set dst_port_ 0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$udp1 set dst_addr_ $group1

$udp1 set dst_port_ 0

$udp1 set class_ 1
$ns attach-agent $n3 $udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
set rcvr [new Agent/LossMonitor]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $rcvr
$ns at 1.2 "$n2 join-group $rcvr $group1"
$ns at 1.25 "$n2 leave-group $rcvr $group1"
$ns at 1.3 "$n2 join-group $rcvr $group1"
$ns at 1.35 "$n2 join-group $rcvr $group0"
$ns at 1.0 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 1.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 2.0 "finish"
$ns run
4. Dynamic Routing NS2 Program
#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
#Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing
$ns rtproto DV
#Open the nam trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the trace file
close $nf
#Execute nam on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create seven nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {

set n($i) [$ns node]

}
#Create links between the nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail
}
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0
# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
#Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n(3)
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0
#Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink
$ns connect $udp0 $null0
#Schedule events for the CBR agent and the network dynamics
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)
$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
5. LAN NS2 Program
set ns [new Simulator]
#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
#Open the NAM trace file

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
#Create seven nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
#Create links between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns simplex-link $n2 $n3 0.3Mb 100ms DropTail
$ns simplex-link $n3 $n2 0.3Mb 100ms DropTail
#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right
set lan [$ns newLan "$n3 $n4 $n5 $n6" 0.5Mb 40ms LL Queue/DropTail MAC/802_3
Channel]
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp [new Agent/TCP/Newreno]
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink/DelAck]
$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1
$tcp set window_ 8000
$tcp set packet_size_ 552

#Setup a FTP over TCP connection

set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ftp set type_ FTP
#Setup a UDP connection
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
$udp set fid_ 2
#Setup a CBR over UDP connection
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 0.1MB
$cbr set random_ false
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr start"
$ns at 1.0 "$ftp start"
$ns at 3.5 "$ftp stop"
$ns at 4.0 "$cbr stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run