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Module 7

The document discusses feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It describes negative and positive feedback, and how negative feedback is used in amplifiers to reduce gain variation and improve stability, while positive feedback is used in oscillators. It also discusses different types of amplifiers based on their input and output connections, including voltage, current, transconductance and transresistance amplifiers. Finally, it covers oscillator types like LC and RC oscillators, and describes the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation.

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Srinivaschowdary Sunkavalli
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35 views

Module 7

The document discusses feedback amplifiers and oscillators. It describes negative and positive feedback, and how negative feedback is used in amplifiers to reduce gain variation and improve stability, while positive feedback is used in oscillators. It also discusses different types of amplifiers based on their input and output connections, including voltage, current, transconductance and transresistance amplifiers. Finally, it covers oscillator types like LC and RC oscillators, and describes the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation.

Uploaded by

Srinivaschowdary Sunkavalli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module7:

MOS Feedback
ampliers and Oscillators
Raja Sellappan

Feedback
In a feedback system, a signal that is propor?onal to the
output is fed back to the input and combined with the input
signal to produce a desired system response.
Feedback can be either nega?ve or posi?ve.
In nega+ve feedback, a por?on of the output signal is
subtracted from the input signal. It tends to maintain a
constant value of amplier voltage gain against varia?ons in
transistor parameters, supply voltages, and temperature.
In posi+ve feedback, a por?on of the output signal is added
to the input signal. Used in the design of oscillators.

Nega?ve Feedback

Error signal

For the feedback to be nega?ve, the loop gain


A must be posi?ve; that is, the feedback signal
x should have the same sign as x
f
s

Nega?ve Feedback

For posi?ve A, the gain with feedback A will be smaller than the open-loop gain
f
A by a factor equal to 1 + A, which is called the amount of feedback.

If the loop gain A is large, A >> 1

The gain of the feedback amplier is almost en?rely determined by the


feedback network.
Since the feedback network usually consists of passive components,
nega?ve feedback produces accurate, predictable, and stable gain.
The overall gain (Af) will have very liPle dependence on the gain of the
basic amplier, A.

Nega?ve Feedback

Advantages
Gain sensi?vity
Bandwidth extension.
Noise sensi?vity.
Reduc?on of nonlinear distor?on.
Control of impedance levels.

Disadvantages
Circuit gain reduc?on
Stability

Bandwidth Extension

Types of ampliers
What is Sampling at the output?
Sampling: Like a voltmeter and ammeter
What is mixing at the input?

Mixing: Like a voltage and current source

Voltage and current source

Not Possible

Not Possible

Voltage amplier

Series-Shunt
Voltage Series feedback

Current Amplier

Shunt-Series
Current Shunt Feedback

Transconductance amplier

Series-Series
Current Series feedback

Transresistance amplier

Shunt-Shunt
Voltage shunt feedback

Types of Ampliers

Input and output resistance


Calcula?on

Series-Shunt Feedback amplier


Sampling
Mixing

Series-Shunt Feedback amplier


Sampling

Mixing

Series-Shunt Feedback amplier


Input resistance (Rif)

Series-Shunt Feedback amplier


Output resistance (Rof)

Input/Output Impedance
The shunt connec?on at input or output
always results in reducing the corresponding
resistance (input or output).
The series connec?on at input or output
always results in increasing the corresponding
resistance (input or output).

Oscillators
A circuit which will produce a con?nuing, repeated waveform
without input other than perhaps a trigger
The circuits that generate sine waves u?lizing resonance
phenomena, are known as linear oscillators.
Circuits that generate square, triangular, pulse (etc.)
waveforms, called nonlinear oscillators or func?on
generators.
A sinusoidal oscillator consists of an amplier and a
frequency- selec?ve network connected in a posi+vefeedback loop.

Posi?ve feedback

Loop gain

A posi?ve feedback amplier is one that produces a feedback voltage (xf )


that is in phase with the original input signal (xs).

Barkhausen Criterion
i.
ii.

At 0 the phase of the loop gain should be zero


and the magnitude of the loop gain should be unity.

= Innite

Barkhausen Criterion

Types of Oscillator
LC oscillator (ColpiPs, Hartley)
RC oscillator

RC Phase shib oscillator

0 =

1
RC 6

ColpiPs Oscillator

ColpiPs Oscillator

Hartley Oscillator

Hartley Oscillator

Fig. shows a feedback circuit of the shunt-series type. Find Iout/IIn, Rin,
and Rout. Assume the transistors to have B= 100 and VA =75 V

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