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Sci20 Unitb 2 R

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Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Chapter 2 Review Questions


Knowledge
1. The following table summarizes the important quantities studied in this chapter. Copy and complete the table in your
notebook.
Name

Symbol

Most Common Unit

Formula

momentum
change in momentum
impulse
Newtons third law
conservation of momentum
work
kinetic energy
gravitational potential energy

2. Identify two quantities that must be known to determine the momentum of an object.
3. Describe momentum in terms of motion.
4. Define impulse using words and equations.
5. During a collision, describe how a seat belt reduces injury to an occupant of a vehicle.
6. State Newtons third law, and give an example of how it is used.
7. While floating in a pool, you throw a polo ball straight up in the air. Describe what will happen to you as a consequence
of throwing the ball upward. State the scientific law that explains your motion.
8. State the law of conservation of momentum using a sentence and using an equation.
9. List three types of collisions or interactions that can occur between two objects.
Applying Concepts
10. Prove that the units for impulse are the same as the units for change in momentum.
11. A skateboarder and a skateboard have a total mass of 66 kg and are initially gliding on a smooth concrete surface at a
velocity of 2.6 m/s[E]. They crash into a vertical foam barrier, coming to a stop in 0.12 s. Assuming that the skateboarder
and skateboard act as one combined mass throughout the interaction, calculate the following values.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

initial momentum
final momentum
change in momentum
impulse provided by the foam barrier on the skateboarder and the skateboard
force provided by the foam barrier on the combined mass
acceleration of the combined mass
initial kinetic energy of the combined mass
final kinetic energy of the combined mass
change in kinetic energy of the combined mass

12. Answer the following if the foam barrier in question 11 exerted a resisting force of 1.5 103 N to stop the skateboarder
and the skateboard in 0.15 m.
a. Calculate the work done by the foam barrier in stopping the combined mass.
b. Describe the relationship between the work done by the foam barrier and the change in kinetic energy of the
skateboarder and the skateboard.
282

Unit B: Changes in Motion

a. Calculate the initial momentum of the car.


b. The compact car crashes into the rear of a 1500-kg truck travelling 10 km/h[N]. After the collision, the compact car
remains at rest. Calculate the final velocity of the truck.
c. Determine the change in momentum of the car.
d. If the time of impact during the collision was 0.15 s, calculate the force exerted by the truck in stopping the car.
e. The force of the truck on the car compressed the bumper of the car a displacement of 0.060 m. Calculate the work
done by the truck on the car.
f. Describe the energy changes in the car during the entire interaction.
14. If the compact car in question 13 hits and sticks to the truck, calculate the final velocity
of the combined masses.
15. A 500-g ball is thrown against a wall with a velocity of 6.00 m/s. If the ball
rebounds with a velocity of 5.00 m/s, calculate the
a. change in momentum of the ball
b. force provided by the wall on the ball if the time of impact was 0.22 s
16. Will a primary collision cause injury to a passenger? Explain your answer.
17. A 4.0-kg ball travelling 4.0 m/s[N] strikes another 2.0-kg ball travelling
1.0 m/s[N]. The two balls stick together after the collision and travel
3.0 m/s[N].
a. Show that momentum is conserved.
b. Show that kinetic energy is not conserved.
18. A 50-kg goalkeeper at rest catches a 0.700-kg soccer ball travelling
directly towards him at 12.0 m/s.
a. Describe why it is less painful to catch the ball by letting
your arms give while catching the ball rather than
catching the ball with rigid arms.
b. If the goalkeeper lets his arms give, the ball comes to
rest in 1.2 s. If his arms are rigid, the ball comes to rest
in 0.40 s. Calculate the force exerted by his arm on the
ball in both cases.
19. A 1500-kg car travelling 90 km/h[N] collides with a
1200-kg minivan travelling 40 km/h[S]. After the collision,
the two vehicles stick together.
a. Calculate the initial momentum of the car and the minivan.
b. Using the law of conservation of momentum, determine the total momentum of the two vehicles after the collision.
c. Calculate the final velocity of the two vehicles after the collision in metres per second.
20. A constant force is applied to a 15.0-kg mass, initially at rest,
over a specified time (as depicted in the forcetime graph).

Force (N)

a. Determine the area under the line of the graph.


b. Identify the quantity determined by the area under the line.
c. Calculate the final speed of the mass at 5.00 s.

ForceTime
15.0

10.0

5.0

2.00

4.00

6.00

Time (s)

Chapter 2: Collisions

283

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

13. A 900-kg compact car is travelling 60 km/h[N].

Photo Credits and Acknowledgements


All photographs, illustrations, and text contained in this book have been created by or for Alberta Education, unless noted herein or
elsewhere in this Science 20 textbook.
Alberta Education wishes to thank the following rights holders for granting permission to incorporate their works into this textbook.
Every effort has been made to identify and acknowledge the appropriate rights holder for each third-party work. Please notify Alberta
Education of any errors or omissions so that corrective action may be taken.
Legend: t = top, m = middle, b = bottom, l = left, r = right
283 Photodisc/Getty Images

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