Companionship Language

Study
Preparing Missionaries for the
American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL)
OPIc Test and Certification

Basic English Grammar Workbook

for
people who speak limited English

English

Use a pencil to fill in the blanks for this Workbook.

Table of Contents
Pronunciation Guide

Lesson 1

Pronouns, Infinitives, Verbs in Present Tense

Lesson 2

Auxiliary Verb 'TO DO" in Present Tense

Lesson 3

Verb "TO BE"

Lesson 4

There is and There are

Lesson 5

Auxiliary Modal Verbs (Would. Could, Should, Can)

12

Lesson 6

Future Tense using "GOING TO"

15

Lesson 7

Future Tense using "WILL"

18

Lesson 8

Simple Past Tense

21

Lesson 9

Compound Present Perfect Tense

25

Lesson 10

Compound Past Perfect Tense

27

Lesson 11

Perfect Tense with the Auxiliary Modal Verbs

28

Lesson 12

Present Progressive Tense

30

Lesson 13

Modifiers: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Prepositional Phrases

36

Regular Verbs

45

Irregular Verbs

47

2010
All rights reserved

Pronunciation Guide
I.

II.

Sounds of the English alphabet

A a
B b
C c
G g
H h
I i
M m
N n
0 o
S s
T t
U u
Y y
Z z

D
J
P
V

d
j
p
v

E e
K k
Q q
W w

F
L
R
X

f
l
r
x

Vowel Sounds in English

There are 5 vowels in the alphabet. In English there is more than one sound for each vowel.
Pronouncing these vowel sounds correctly determines whether one speaks with or without an
accent.
Vowels
a
a
a
e
e
i/y
i/y
o
o
o
o
u
u
u
u

Examples in English
late, pray, say, name, date, ate, main
ball, want, wash, caught,
fat, dad, man, cat, add, back, ask, at
me, see, be, she, before, he, sleep
enter, end, sent, them, bless, help
kite, fight, mine, ride, kind, why, my
did, it, with, myth, in, gift, miss, him, sit
only, go, old, over, most, don't, no, so, both
got, hot, not, from, on, stop, off, top, often
broom, cool, food, moon, noon, soon, to, do
book, good, hood, look, stood, wood,
duty, flute, student, rude, future, music
use, union, peculiar, uniform
but, cut, us, sun, under, up, just, run, must
put, bush, cushion, push

NOTE: As you can observe, the same vowel sound can be made with different vowels (or
combinations of vowels that are not included here). A North American missionary or any native
speaker can help you with the pronunciation.
III.

Pronunciation Helps
A. In order to improve your accent, listen carefully when the North American
missionaries speak English.
B. Practice out loud the words with all the vowel sounds.
C. Do not be afraid to speak English! Everyone makes mistakes; thats not
important. The more you speak, the fewer errors you will make, and you
will improve your accent.

LESSON 1:

I.

PRONOUNS, INFINITIVES, VERB CONJUGATIONS IN THE PRESENT TENSE

Personal Pronouns (Subject Pronouns)

The personal pronouns (subject pronouns) in English play a very important role. Its very important
to MEMORIZE THE PRONOUNS because they tell us in what person one is speaking. These
subject pronouns always go before the verb.
Personal Pronouns *

Singular

Plural

We

You
She
It

You (all)**
They
"

* The pronouns always substitute for nouns.

** In this case we use the word all to indicate that you is plural.

II.

Infinitive Verbs
In English it is easy to form an infinitive verb. The only thing we need to do is place the preposition
to before the verb.
Examples: to walk, to eat, to sleep
Therefore, in English we need two words in order to form an infinitive verb.
If we do not use two words in English, we are not using the infinitive correctly.
In English the infinitive is used to form the present tense.
The preposition to is removed and the verb is in the present tense.

III.

Verb Conjugations
A.

In order to conjugate in English, we must memorize well the personal pronouns in this
language.

In English it is ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY to say the pronoun and the verb. We cannot just
say want, we must say we want.
B.

Follow the instructions in order to conjugate the verbs in the present tense in English.
1. To want:

I want
(Substitute the preposition to for the pronoun I).

C.

The same process is followed with all the other pronouns, that is, substituting the preposition
To for He, She, It, We, You (all) and They.

Examples: To Want (infinitive)

D.

I Want
You want

We want
You (all) want

He wants
She wants
It wants

They want
"
"
"
"

Statements that help us better understand the conjugations:

I want to eat.

He wants to leave now.

You want to see me.

She wants to study.

We want to buy it.

It wants to rain.

You (all) want to have it.

They want to write.

IV.

The Third Person Pronoun

A.

When you conjugate verbs, you should note that the only things that change are the personal
pronouns. The verbs remain exactly the same, except in the third person singular (he,
she, it), here you should add an s to the verb.

Examples: (using all the personal pronouns):

I want to buy them.
You want to go.
He wants to cook them.
She needs to eat.
It comes rapidly.
We need to sleep.
You (all) need to go.
They eat often.
B.

When the verb ends in: -sh, -ch, -x, -s, -c, -z, you must add an es
in the third person singular.
Examples:

C.

to teach
to wash
to relax
to press
to buzz

He teaches.
She washes.
It relaxes.
He presses.
It buzzes.

When we use the verbs: to go and to do, we must remember that we also add es to
them in the third person singular.
Examples:
GO
I
You
He
She
It

D.

DO
go
go
goes
goes
goes

We
You (all)
They
"
"

go
go
go
"
"

I
You
He
She
It

do
do
does
does
does

We
You (all)
They
"
"

do
do
do
"
"

The verb to have is a little different. In order to conjugate it in the third person singular,
we use has in place of have.
Examples:

I
You
He
She
It

have
have
has
has
has

We
You (all)
They
"
"

have
have
have
"
"

V.

List of Common Infinitive Verbs

to baptize
to be
to buy
to come
to cook
to do, make
to drink
to eat
to get
to go
to have
to know
to learn
to like
to meet

to need
to pray
to read
to say
to see
to sell
to sing
to sleep
to take
to talk, speak
to teach
to want
to work
to write
to walk

TASK (Homework): Fill in the correct verb according to the subject pronoun.

1.

(to want) I __________ a new coat.

5.

(to sing) We __________ hymns.

2.

(to need) She __________ to eat more.

6.

(to learn) They __________ English.

3.

(to have) He __________ a pretty house.

7.

(to work) I __________ every day.

4.

(to go) John __________ to school.

8.

(to sell) You __________ apples.

Memorize the list of verbs and make sentences with the verbs. Use different personal
pronouns.

LESSON 2:
I.

THE VERB TO DO IN THE PRESENT TENSE

Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verb to do

Singular
I
do
You do
He
does
She does
It
does

II.

Plural
We
You (all)
They
"
"

do
do
do
"
"

Interrogative Form with the Auxiliary verbs Do and Does

A.

Sentence: I WANT TO WRITE LETTERS.

B.

Follow the instructions

1. See the conjugation of the verb to do above.
2. Place the auxiliary Do at the beginning of the sentence (using upper case).
3. Place a question mark (?) only at the end.

C.

Examples:

I WANT TO WRITE LETTERS.

DO I WANT TO WRITE LETTERS?

D.

The same process is followed with all statements, remembering that you must think of the
auxiliary verb that corresponds to each pronoun. (Note that the only personal pronouns for
which the auxiliary verb changes are: he, she, it - third person singular).
Other examples:

We want to write letters.

Do we want to write letters?
She wants to write letters.
Does she want to write letters?
They want to write letters.
Do they want to write letters?

NOTE: Remember when using the auxiliary verb does in questions (corresponding to he, she,it)
you must eliminate the s of the main verb.
Examples:

She wants a new house.

Does she want a new house?
He likes to play tennis.
Does he like to play tennis?

LESSON 3: THE VERB TO BE

I.

Conjugation of the Verb to be in the Present Tense.

Singular
I
am
You are
He is
She is
It
is
NOTE:

Plural
We
are
You (all) are
They
are
"
"
"
"

Am goes only with I.

Is goes only with he, she, it.
Are goes with the rest of the pronouns.

EXERCISE: Fill in the correct form of the verb to be (am, is, are) according to the subject
pronoun.

II.

1.

You _____ a faithful member.

5. They _____ happy people.

2.

I _____ from Costa Rica.

6. Where _____ you?

3.

He _____ my bishop.

7. John _____ a good student.

4.

We _____ brothers.

8. She _____ a nice person.

Interrogative Form
A. Sentence: I AM HAPPY.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the conjugated form of the verb to be (am) and place it at the beginning
of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples:

I am happy.

He is sad.
Is he sad?

Am I happy?
You are tall.
Are you tall?

I am sick.
Am I sick?

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form.

1. My family is very happy.

3. I am an honest person.

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

2. We are good friends.

4. My dad is a smart man.

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

LESSON 4:
I.

THERE IS and THERE ARE

In Order to Say Something Exists in the Present Tense in English You Use Two Words:
There is when we speak in the singular, and
There are when we speak in the plural
A. Examples:

THERE IS A HOUSE ON THAT HILL.

(A house is located on that hill.)
THERE ARE HOUSES ON THAT HILL.
(Houses are located on that hill.)

There is a piece of cake in the refrigerator.

(A piece of cake is located in the refrigerator.)
There are two pieces of cake in the refrigerator.
(Two pieces of cake are located in the refrigerator.)
There is a man on the corner.
(A man is located on the corner.)
There are many men on the corner.
(Many men are located on the corner.)
B. Very often we use the short form:
There are:
Example:

II.

There is:
There're

There's a fly in my soup.

There're flies in my soup.

There's

(There is a fly in my soup.)

(There are flies in my soup.)

The Past Tense Is Formed Using the Verb to be in the Past Tense. (there was, there were).
There is no short form.
A. Examples:
There is plenty of time.
There was plenty of time.
There are many investigators.
There were many investigators.

III.

Interrogative Form
A. Sentence:
THERE'S ONLY ONE APPLE.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Change the verb to be (is, are) at the beginning of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: There is only one apple.
Is there only one apple?
There are six elders on the bus.
Are there six elders on the bus?

There is a lot of confusion in the world.

Is there a lot of confusion in the world?

There were many people hurt.

Were there many people hurt?

There was a big animal in the road.

Was there a big animal in the road?

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form

1. There was a golden family in that house.

3. There are four books of scripture.

____________________________________

____________________________________

2. There were six discussions to teach.

4. There is only one true church.

____________________________________
IV.

____________________________________

Negative Form
A. Sentence:

THERE'S AN APPLE ON THE TABLE.

B. Follow the instructions:

1. Find the verb to be (is, are).
2. Place the negative not after the verb (is not, isn't)
NOTE: *After the negative form isn't, we use a or an and after the negative form aren't,
we use any or a number before the noun.
C. Examples: THERE IS NOT (ISN'T) AN APPLE ON THE TABLE.
There is money in your wallet.
There isn't any money in your wallet.

There is a book on the table.

There isnt a book on the table.

There are oranges in the store.

There aren't any oranges in the store.

There is an orange in the sack.

There isnt an orange in the sack.

There were oranges in the store.

There werent any oranges in the store.

There are some people here.

There arent many people here.

EXERCISE: Change these sentences to the negative form.

1. There's a museum downtown.

3. There's a hardware store on 10th Avenue.

____________________________________

____________________________________

2. There were two jewelry shops.

4. There was a mouse under my bed.

____________________________________

____________________________________

10

V.

Interrogative Negative Form

A. Sentence:

THERE ISN'T AN APPLE ON THE TABLE

B. Follow the instructions:

C.

1.

Find the negative form of the verb to be (isn't) and move it to the
beginning of the sentence.

2.

Place a ? at the end of the sentence.

Examples: ISN'T THERE AN APPLE ON THE TABLE?

There isnt any time left.
Isnt there any time left?

There wasnt any time left.

Wasn't there any time left?

There aren't any books in here.

Aren't there any books in here?

There werent any books in here.

Werent there any books in here?

EXERCISE: Change these sentences to the interrogative negative form.

1. There aren't any friendly people here.

7. There wasn't any doorbell to ring.

__________________________________

__________________________________

2. There aren't any missionaries here.

8. There isn't any milk in the house.

__________________________________

__________________________________

3. There isnt any bread in this store.

9. There werent any contacts today.

__________________________________
4. There arent many buses in town.

__________________________________
10. There wasnt any problem with the car.

__________________________________
5. There arent any baptisms this week.

__________________________________
11. There werent any members here.

__________________________________
6. There arent any animals in my house.

__________________________________
12. There wasnt enough time to wait.

__________________________________

__________________________________

11

LESSON 5:

I.

CONDITIONAL TENSE USING AUXILIARY MODAL VERBS

(WOULD, COULD, SHOULD, CAN).

The auxiliary modal verbswould, could, should, can.

A. WOULD
1. Place would before the main verb.

2. Examples:

I like to read.
I would like to read.
They have success.
They would have more success if they had more faith.
We are happy.
We would be sad if we lost.

B. COULD
1. This verb may have three meanings, depending on the context.
a. It means potential most of the time.
b. It means completion or possible completion when it indicates the past in a
sentence. Sometimes you will find words that indicate the past: yesterday, last
week, etc.
c. It means conditional when we have the word (if) to indicate the conditional form.
2. Place could before the main verb (could bring).
3. Examples:
a. I could bring it tomorrow.
b. She could speak better English last year.
c.

If we could buy them, we would be happy.

12

C. SHOULD
1. Place should before the main verb.
(come: I should come.)
2. Examples:
They should come earlier.
He should bring the books.
You should go home.

D. CAN (To Be Able, in the present tense)

1. Place can before the main verb.
(see: I can see.)
2. Examples:
I can see my house from here.
He can read a book.

NOTE:

After auxiliary modal verbs it is not necessary to use the infinitive

to if the verbs are used together with another main verb.

*We do not say:

We must say:

I can to speak English.

I can speak English.

*We do not say:

We must say:

He can to buy the books.

He can buy the books.

NOTE: To the auxiliary verbs you do not add s to the verbs conjugated in the
third person (he, she it):
*We do not say:
We must say:

NOTE:

He would reads it.

He would read it.

When the auxiliary modal verb is used with the verb to be as the main
verb, we use be.
She can be nice.

I could be sorry.

13

We should be here.

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the conditional form using the auxiliary modal verbs.
1. I like to go fishing. (Would)

4. He studies for two hours every day. (Could)

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. She is a good actress. (Can

5. We love to study English. (Should)

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. My mom reads a lot. (Would)

6. He rides the bus every day. (Should)

___________________________________

___________________________________

II. Interrogative Form

A. Sentence:

MARY WOULD LIKE TO SELL THEM.

B. Follow the instructions:

1. Find the auxiliary modal verb (would).
2. Move it to the beginning of the sentence.
3. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: WOULD MARY LIKE TO SELL THEM?
He could ride a bicycle.
Could he ride a bicycle?
They should rest more.
Should they rest more?
Louis can read rapidly.
Can Louis read rapidly?

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form.

1. We would like to learn English.

4. His uncle could take us to Tanzania.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. My dad should visit America.

5. You should travel to Namibia.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. Our family can buy them all.

6. I can run very fast.

___________________________________

___________________________________

14

LESSON 6:
I.

FUTURE TENSE USING GOING TO

Necessary Steps in Order to Know Well the Future Tense Using going to in English.
A. Know well how to conjugate the verb to be
I

am

We

are

You are

You (all)

are

He is
She is
It
is

They
"
"

are
"
"

B. Apply the following formula in order to do sentences in the future tense.

Pronoun

C. Examples:

am
+ is + going to + verb + other words
are
I + am + going to + cook + beans.
(I am going to cook beans.)
She is going to pray tonight.
We are going to find many golden families.

EXERCISE: Complete the following sentences according to the example:

We will like our new companions.
We are going to like our new companions.
1. He will remember his mission.

6. You will work this afternoon.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. We will learn two languages.

7. They will travel to Utah.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. I will learn to speak English better.

8. They will write letters.

___________________________________

___________________________________

4. They will eat everything.

9. It will be a good day.

___________________________________
5. She will be here tomorrow.

___________________________________
10. The book will be interesting.

___________________________________

___________________________________

15

II.

Interrogative Form
A. Sentence: HE IS GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the conjugated form of the verb to be (is) and place it at the beginning of
the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: IS HE GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE?
She is going to go home.
Is she going to go home?
We are going to sing a song.
Are we going to sing a song?
I am going to write a letter.
Am I going to write a letter?

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form.

1. You are going to drink lemonade.

3. They are going to win the race.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. They are going to find the church.

4. Mary is going to bake some cakes.

___________________________________

III.

___________________________________

Negative Form
A. Sentence: HE IS GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the conjugated form of the verb to be (is).
2. Add not after the verb (is not).
Use the short form: isn't, aren't, I'm not
C. Examples: HE ISN'T GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE.
I am going to pray every day.
I'm not (I am not) going to pray every day.
They are going to work tomorrow.
They aren't (are not) going to work tomorrow.
She is going to buy a house.
She isn't (is not) going to buy a house.

16

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the negative form.

1. You're going to find people to teach.

3. I am going to travel to Morocco.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. Jared and I are going to study harder.

4. I am going to bring a Bible.

___________________________________
IV.

___________________________________

Interrogative Negative Form

A. Sentence: HE ISN'T GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the negative form of the verb to be (isn't) and place it at the beginning of
the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: ISN'T HE GOING TO CLEAN HIS HOUSE?
We aren't going to read a book.
Aren't we going to read a book?
He isn't going to speak to me.
Isn't he going to speak to me?

EXERCISE: Change the sentences to the interrogative negative form.

1. This apple isn't going to taste bitter.

3. She's not going to study French.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. My nieces aren't going to fall asleep.

4. We aren't going to understand.

___________________________________
Task:

___________________________________

Make sentences using going to. Change each sentence to the

interrogative, the negative, and the interrogative negative forms.
Example:

This apple is going to taste bitter.

Is this apple going to taste bitter?
This apple isnt going to taste bitter.
Isnt this apple going to taste bitter?

17

LESSON 7:

1.

FUTURE TENSE
USING THE AUXILIARY MODAL VERB WILL

Future Tense Using the Auxiliary Modal will

A. Sentence: I BUY VEGETABLES EVERY DAY.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the verb (buy)
2. Place will before the verb. (will buy)
C. Examples: I WILL BUY VEGETABLES EVERY DAY.
He cleans his room.
He will clean his room.
They go often.
They will go often.
NOTE: We can use the short form with will.
I will

I'll
you will

you'll
he will

hell
she will

she'll
it will

it'll
we will

we'll
they will

they'll
NOTE:

The main verb is in the present and never needs the s in third person
singular.
We do not say:
We say:

He will sleeps.
He will sleep.

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the future tense using

will. Write the short form also.
1. I see him every day.
I will (I'll) see him every day.

5. We read the Bible often.

___

___________________________________

2. She likes to buy fruit in this store.

6. He eats a lot of peaches.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. You write letters on Mondays.

7. They walk every day.

___________________________________

___________________________________

4. They send me money.

8. The sun rises in the morning.

___________________________________

___________________________________

18

II.

Interrogative Form
A. Sentence: I WILL BUY VEGETABLES EVERY DAY.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the verb will and place it at the beginning of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: WILL I BUY VEGETABLES EVERY DAY?
I'll sell it.
Will I sell it?
She will clean the house.
Will she clean the house?
They'll go tomorrow.
Will they go tomorrow?

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form.

1. She'll get the prize soon.

3. They'll sing again tomorrow.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. We'll bring it today.

4. He'll be here.

___________________________________

III.

___________________________________

Negative Form
A. Sentence: I WILL WRITE A LETTER.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the verb will
2. Add not after the verb (will not, won't)
C. Examples: I WILL NOT (WON'T) WRITE A LETTER.
He will eat later.
He will not (won't) eat later.
I will finish the book.
I will not (won't) finish the book.
They will be late.
They will not (won't) be late

19

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences to the negative form.

1. Ann will buy a new watch.

3. Peter and I will sell these tools.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. They'll need to paint it again.

4. We'll talk to your dad tomorrow.

___________________________________
IV.

___________________________________

Interrogative Negative Form

A. Sentence: THEY WON'T GO HOME.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the negative form of the verb will (won't) and place it at the beginning
of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: WON'T THEY GO HOME?
They won't study much.
Won't they study much?
We won't drink it.
Won't we drink it?

EXERCISE: Change the sentences to the interrogative negative form.

1. Teresa's parents won't come.

3. She won't be here soon.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. We won't be ready in an hour.

4. They won't go with me.

___________________________________

___________________________________

TASK: Change each sentence to the interrogative, negative, and interrogative negative forms.
Example: We will drink the milk.
Will we drink the milk?
We will not (wont) drink the milk.
Wont we drink the milk?
1. The president will return at five.

3. I will wait for the bus.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. They will have many opportunities.

4. You will arrive tomorrow.

___________________________________

___________________________________

20

LESSON 8:

I.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

There Are two Kinds of Verbs in the Simple Past Tense.

A. Regular verbs: We add d at the end of the verb when it ends in e, if not,
we add ed.
Examples:

to close:

closed

to learn:

learned

to love:

loved

to play:

played

to dare:

dared

to climb:

climbed

to use:

used

to open:

opened

NOTE: Pronunciation of the regular verbs has three forms:

Group 1:

Verbs that end with one sound that is voiced, we pronounce

the -ed like d (voiced).
play - played

Group 2:

open - opened

love - loved

Verbs that end with one sound that is not voiced, we pronounce
the -ed like t (not voiced).
help - helped

wish - wished

work - worked

Verbs that end with d or t, we pronounce

Group 3:

the -ed like ed (we pronounce the vowel).

start - started

end - ended

attend - attended

NOTE: In order to learn more verbs in the past tense, see the list of regular verbs on pages 46-47.

B. Irregular verbs:

Examples:

We form them by changing almost all of the verb.

(It is necessary to memorize them.)

to buy:

bought

to bring:

brought

to catch:

caught

to teach:

taught

to eat:

ate

to say:

said

to come:

came

to go:

went

21

NOTE: In order to learn more verbs in the past tense, see the list of irregular verbs on
pages 48-50.
NOTE: In the past tense we use the preterite and the imperfect.
When we want to indicate an action that was repeated various times in the past
(the imperfect) we can put used to before the verb:
Examples: I used to buy oranges.
C. Sentence:

I used to live in Utah.

I BUY THREE ORANGES.

D. Follow the instructions:

1. Find the verb in the present tense and change it to the past.
2. The past tense does not change in the 3rd person singular (I bought, he bought).
E. Examples: I BOUGHT THREE ORANGES.

II.

I buy a new car.

I bought a new car.

He wins the game.

He won the game.

I buy three oranges.

I bought three oranges.

They stand to give the prayer.

They stood to give the prayer.

Interrogative Form
A. Follow the instructions:
1. It is necessary to use the auxiliary verb did (past of the auxiliary verb do).
2. Place the verb did at the beginning of the sentence.
3. Change the verb bought to the present tense (buy).
4. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
B. Examples: DID I BUY THREE ORANGES?
She ate the apple.
Did she eat the apple?
They came to the house.
Did they come to the house?
We opened the door.
Did we open the door?

22

Exercise: Change these sentences to the interrogative form

1. She wanted to get a soft sofa.

4. Your cousin and I found it.

___________________________________
2. Charles swam in a deep river.

_____________________________________
5. I went to the hospital last week.

___________________________________
3. Elaine and I liked to be lazy.

_____________________________________
6. I taught the man the first discussion.

___________________________________

_____________________________________

III. Negative Form

A. Sentence: I BOUGHT THREE ORANGES.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the verb (bought).
2. Place the negative auxiliary didn't before the verb.
3. Change the verb to the present tense (didn't buy).

C. Examples: I DIDN'T BUY THREE ORANGES.

He liked the food.
He didn't like the food.
She made the cake.
She didn't make the cake.
I found a large dog.
I didn't find a large dog.
Exercise: Change the sentences to the negative form.
1. My family liked to visit my grandmother.

4. The dog ate all its food.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. She wanted to clean her house.

5. My brother wrote a good book.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. Lisa had to go to the city.

6. I understood the doctrine.

___________________________________

___________________________________

23

IV. Interrogative Negative Form

A. Sentence: I DIDN'T BUY THREE ORANGES.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Place el auxiliary negative (didn't) at the beginning of the sentence.
(Note that the main verb (buy) is in the present tense.)
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples: DIDN'T I BUY THREE ORANGES?
He didn't sell the car.
Didn't he sell the car?
She didn't know how to dance.
Didn't she know how to dance?
EXERCISE: Change the sentences to the interrogative negative form.
1. Mary didn't buy me a drink.

3. The teacher didn't erase the board.

_______________________________

_______________________________

2. Peter didn't look at them.

4. You didn't steal those notebooks.

_______________________________

_______________________________

TASK: Change the following sentences from the simple past tense to the negative forms.
Regular Verbs: (follow the first example)
1. John opened the door.

6. She remembered me.

John didnt open the door.

_______________________________

Didnt John open the door?

_______________________________

2. My grandfather lived many years.

7. He learned the verbs.

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

3. My nephew left early.

8. The chicken followed me.

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

4. The dog jumped.

9. My uncle helped me.

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

5. The young girl danced well.

10. The doctor looked at me.

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

24

LESSON 9: COMPOUND PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

I.

The Compound Present Perfect Tense.

It is formed using the auxiliary verb to have and the past participle.
Example of a past participle: finished (to have finished)
A. Conjugation of the auxiliary verb to have.
Singular

Plural

I
You

have
have

We
You (all)

have
have

He
She
It

has *
has *
has *

They
"
"

have
"
"

*The only changes are in the third person singular.

B. There are two kinds of verbs in the past participles
1. Regular verbs:

Examples:

We add a d at the end of the verb when it ends in e,

if not, we add ed (as in the past tense).

to close:
to love:
to dare:

closed
loved
dared

to learn:
to play:
to climb:

learned
played
climbed

2. Irregular verbs: They are formed by changing almost all of the verb.
Some are the same as the past and others are different.
(IT IS NECESSARY TO MEMORIZE THEM)
Examples:
to go:

to be:
gone
to eat:
to come:

been
to teach:
eaten
come

to bring:
taught
to say:
to catch:

brought
said
caught

NOTE: In order to learn the past participle forms of the verbs, see the list of
irregular verbs on pages 48-50.

25

II.

Compound Present Perfect Tense

A. Sentence: MARY GOES TO THE MEETING.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the form of to have according to the subject.
All of them use have except the 3rd person singular which uses has.
2. Put the past participle of the verb after the form of the verb to have.
(has gone)
C. Examples: MARY HAS GONE TO THE MEETING.
They eat potatoes every day.
They have eaten potatoes every day.
Elder Thomas goes to church.
Elder Thomas has gone to church.
I love my companion.
I have loved my companion.

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences according to the example.

1. We did our work.

4. I answered the questions.

We have done our work.

____

___________________________________

2. The children played football.

5. He fought in the war.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. I always believed in Christ.

6. She spent the money.

___________________________________

III.

___________________________________

Interrogative Form
A

Sentences: MARY HAS GONE TO THE MEETING.

MARY AND JOHN HAVE GONE TO THE MEETING.

B. Follow the instructions:

1. Find the auxiliary verb (has or have) and move it to the beginning of the
sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
C. Examples:

HAS MARY GONE TO THE MEETING?

HAVE MARY AND JOHN GONE TO THE MEETING?

26

LESSON 10:
I.

COMPOUND PAST PERFECT TENSE

Compound Past Perfect

A.

We form the past perfect using the auxiliary verb to have in the
past had and the past participle (had finished).
1.

The conjugation of the auxiliary verb to have in the past is always had.
(I had, You had, *He had, *She had, *It had, We had, They had).
* There are no changes in the third person singular.

2.

The past participles are the same in all tenses.

B.

Sentence:

YOU HAVE BEEN A MISSIONARY.

C.

Follow the instructions:

1. Find the form of to have and change it to the past had.
2. Put the past participle of the verb (been) after the verb had.

D.

Examples: YOU HAD BEEN A MISSIONARY.

They have eaten potatoes.
They had eaten potatoes.
Elisa has made a dessert.
Elisa had made a dessert.

II.

Interrogative Form
A. Follow the Instructions:
1. Find the auxiliary verb (had) and move it to the beginning of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.
B. Examples:

HAD YOU BEEN A MISSIONARY?

I had learned all the verbs.

Had I learned all the verbs?
We had eaten our breakfast.
Had we eaten our breakfast?

27

LESSON 11: PRESENT PERFECT COMPOUND TENSE WITH AUXILIARY MODAL VERBS WOULD,
SHOULD, AND COULD

I.

WOULD HAVE (would've)

A. Sentence:

NELDA WOULD GO TO HER OFFICE.

B. Follow the instructions:

1. Find the main verb (go) and change it to the past participle (gone).
2. Place the auxiliary modal verb would and the auxiliary have before the past
Participle (would have gone, would've gone).
C. Examples:

NELDA WOULD HAVE GONE TO HER OFFICE.

Lewis would have liked to go with them.

The elder would've baptized them if they had attended Sunday.

II.

COULD HAVE (COULD'VE):

A. Sentence: THE CHILDREN COULD EAT CANDY.
B. Follow the instructions:
1. Find the main verb (eat) and change it to the participle (eaten).
2. Place the auxiliary modal verb could and the auxiliary have before the participle
(could have eaten, could've eaten).
C. Examples:

THE CHILDREN COULD HAVE (couldve) EATEN CANDY.

That man could have (couldve) walked faster.

If I could have (couldve) helped her more, my mother wouldn't be so tired.
His mom could have (couldve) written him more often.

28

III.

SHOULD HAVE
A.

Sentence:

SHE SHOULD PAY ATTENTION IN CHURCH.

B.

Follow the directions:

1. Find the main verb (pay) and change it to the past participle (paid).
2. Place the auxiliary modal should and the auxiliary have before the past participle
(should have paid, should've paid).

C.

Examples:

SHE SHOULD HAVE PAID ATTENTION IN CHURCH.

I should have sewn my dress today.

They should've cleaned their apartment on Monday.
NOTE: We dont use the auxiliary modal CAN in the perfect tenses. We only use it in the
simple past tense COULD.
EXERCISE: Change to the perfect tense.
1. Your son should wait longer for her.

4. We could walk to school.

___________________________________

___________________________________

2. Her mom would go to the museum often.

5. It could mean different things.

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. He should open another can of fruit.

6. The children should go to sleep.

___________________________________

___________________________________

TASK: Change these sentences according to the example:

1. My dog has eaten his food. (should)

4. Karl has gone to the reunion. (should)

My dog should have eaten his food.____

___________________________________

2. My dad has planned better. (could)

5. They paid us more. (would)

___________________________________

___________________________________

3. My sister has loved her children. (should)

6. He has broken the window. (could)

___________________________________

___________________________________

29

LESSON 12:
I.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Present progressive tense

A.

Know well how to conjugate the present tense of the verb to be:
I
am
You are

We
You (all)

are
are

He is
She is
It
is

They
"
"

are
"
"

B. Know well how to form the present progressive.

The rules are:
1.

The present progressive is normally formed by adding ing to the verb.

Examples:

2.

singing
sleeping

throw
mean

throwing
meaning

When the verb ends in e we remove the e before adding ing.

Examples:

3.

sing
sleep

ride
drive

riding
driving

shine
come

shining
coming

When the verb has one syllable and ends in a consonant, and the vowel is
pronounced with a short sound, we double the consonant before adding ing.
Examples:

get
run

getting
running

win
sit

C. We form the present progressive with this formula:

am
Subject + is + verb + ing + other words.
are
Example: I + am + eat + ing + a salad.
She is giving a talk.
We are finding many golden families.

30

winning
sitting

D. Also, we can use the short forms (contractions).

I am = I'm

You are = you're

He is = he's

She is = she's

It is = it's

We are = we're

They are = they're

EXERCISE: Change the sentences from the present to the present progressive. Use the
contracted or short forms.
1. They walk in the park.

6. The teenager follows me.

__________________________________

__________________________________

2. He thinks of an answer.

7. I have a birthday next week.

__________________________________

__________________________________

3. He serves a mission now.

8. They wait for you.

__________________________________

__________________________________

4. The child asks for alms.

9. The prophet travels everywhere.

__________________________________

__________________________________

5. Marilyn plays the piano.

10. I give 30 lessons each week.

__________________________________
II.

__________________________________

Interrogative form
A.

Sentence: HE IS LOVING HIS MISSION.

B.

Follow the instructions:

1. Find the conjugated form of the verb to be (is, am, are) and move it to the
beginning of the sentence.
2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.

C.

Examples: IS HE LOVING HIS MISSION?

She is writing a letter.
Is she writing a letter?

Your parents are coming to Africa.

Are your parents coming to Africa?

I am going home soon.

Am I going home soon?

We are working hard.

Are we working hard?

31

III.

Negative form
A.

Sentence:

HE IS READING THE BOOK.

B.

Follow the instructions:

1. Find the conjugated form of the verb to be (am, is, are).
2. Add the negative form to the verb. Use the short form:
Isn't, aren't
am not (there is no short form). We use Im not.

C.

Examples: HE ISN'T READING THE BOOK.

I am working hard.
I'm not working hard.

(Im working hard.)

Im not working hard.

The woman is cooking.

The woman is not cooking.

(The womans* cooking.)

The woman isnt cooking.

My parents are building a house.

My parents are not building a house.

(My parentsre* building a house.)

My parents arent building a house.
*We pronounce it this way, but we do not write it
this way, we do not write it as a contraction.

IV.

Interrogative Negative form

A.

Follow the instructions:

1.

Find the negative form of the verb to be (isn't, arent) and place it at the beginning of
the sentence. Always use the short form.

2. Place a ? at the end of the sentence.

B.

Examples: ISN'T HE READING THE BOOK?

We aren't playing soccer today.
Aren't we playing soccer today?

(Were not playing soccer today.)

(Are we not playing soccer today?)

He isnt lying to us.

Isn't he lying to us?

(Hes not lying to us.)

(Is he not lying to us?)

They aren't speaking to me.

Aren't they speaking to me?

(Theyre not speaking to me.)

(Are they not speaking to me?)

Im not going home.

"

(Im not going home.)

(Am I not going home?)

32

V.

Information (Wh) questions with Interrogative Words

A.

Memorize the Interrogative Words

Where?

When?

Why?

How?

What?

Which?

Who?
Whom? To whom?
With, For, Of, By?
Whose?
How much?
How many?
How long?
B.

C.

Put the Interrogative Word at the beginning of the formula:

Interrogative +

Auxiliary +

Subject

Word

Verb

When

did

meet

you?

Where

will

they

eat

today?

How

have

the sisters

been living?

Why

would

the bishop

call

Examples:
He was listening to the radio.
Why was he listening to the radio?
John goes home next week.
When does John go home?
You are serving a mission.
Why are you serving a mission?
You have lived in Africa.
Where have you lived?
You found me.
How did you find me?

33

Main Verb

Other Words

me?

TASK: Change these sentences according to the example:

1. You are studying English.

4. He is going to buy a car.

Why are you studying English?

__________________________________

I am studying English for my job.

__________________________________

2. You are going to work.

5. I love my companion.

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The money is for John.

6. You speaking with someone.

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

D. WHOSE: When we refer to a possession, we use Whose. We need a noun after whose.
Sometimes the noun is understood but not stated. We use whose whether it is singular or
plural (Whose is, Whose are).
Whose +
Whose
Whose
Whose

name +
(house)
(dog)
(pencils)

verb,
is
is
are

etc.
this?
that?
these?

Write the questions for these answers:

1. This is my backpack.

3. That is your book.

__________________________________

__________________________________

2. These are Marys shoes.

4. Those are our scriptures.

__________________________________

__________________________________

E. HOW MUCH? HOW MANY?

When we are asking, we use How much or How many with the noun following.
Sometimes the noun is understood but not stated.
How much +
How much
How many
How many
How many

noun
+
(money)
(children)
(lessons)
(new elders)

verb
do
attend
have
are

etc.?
you need?
Primary?
you given?
there?

Write the questions for these answers:

1. I have a lot of money.

3.

__________________________________

I am going to buy two books.

__________________________________

2. We have a lot of time.

4.

__________________________________

How many tracts do you have?

__________________________________

34

F. WHAT + BE. When we are asking for a description, we use the following formula:
What
What
What

is +
is
are

name +
your friend
your parents

like?
like?
like?

Write the questions to these statements by using the formula above:

1. My companion is a happy person.

2. The mission is a good place.

__________________________________

__________________________________

3. Mr. Jones is a good teacher.

4. Utah is a nice place.

__________________________________

__________________________________

G. WHAT? with the verb to be.

What is the capital of Egypt?
What is astronomy?
What are the products ?
What is your address?
H. WHICH? We use which when we ask for a selection or choice between or among things.
Which dress do you prefer?
Which meeting starts at 7:00?
Which boy is sick?
Which passengers have arrived?
Which book is interesting?
Write the questions to these statements:
4. I Am a Child of God is my favorite song.

1. Love is serving others.

__________________________________

__________________________________

2. My name is Robert.

5. The green dessert is more delicious.

__________________________________

__________________________________

3. I prefer the brown hat.

6. Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.

__________________________________

__________________________________

35

LESSON 13:

MODIFIERS: ADJECTIVES,
ADVERBS, AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Modifiers in sentences:
Modifiers are the words or phrases that modify, describe, and qualify other words. They make the
sentence appear more interesting and specific. They give more color to the passage or idea that is
transmitted. The three kinds of modifiers are: adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases.
I.

Adjectives
Adjectives qualify nouns. They tell us their quality, color, size, quantity, etc. In English they are
placed before nouns. They do not change in number nor in gender.
Examples:

A.

red book
red books

red house
red houses

Degrees of IntensityComparatives
1.

In order to make comparisons between two things or persons, when the adjective has
only one syllable, we add -er than after the adjective.
Examples:

NOTE:
a.

b.

Mary is short, but Ann is shorter than Mary.

Anna is taller than Jane.

Jane is shorter than Ana.

Lisa is smaller than Tom.

Tom is richer than Lisa.

There is a change of spelling in some adjectives.

In adjectives of only one syllable that end in a consonant, and whose

vowel is pronounced with a short sound, we double the
consonant before adding er.
sad - sadder

hot - hotter

fat - fatter

big - bigger

When the adjective ends in y, we change the y to I before adding er.

happy - happier

c.

pretty - prettier

In some comparative adjectives, the word changes completely:

bad - worse

many - more

good - better

far - farther

36

2. In order to make comparisons between adjectives that have more than

one syllable, we form it by placing more before the adjective and than
after the adjective. (We do not use -er than after the adjective.)
Example:

You are more correct than your sister.

This house is more expensive than the other house.
This job is more difficult than the last one.

EXERCISE: Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences.

1.

My sister is hot, but I am _________________.

2.

His car is fast, but our car is _________________.

3.

Michael is strong, but Philip is _________________.

4.

John is (weak)________________ __________ Michael.

5.

I'm a good student, but you're a ______________ one.

6.

That is expensive, but this is __________ _____________________.

7.

Mary is beautiful, but Jane is __________ _____________________.

8.

Today the weather is bad, but yesterday it was _________________.

9.

This is hard, but that is ____________________.

10. Today Im happy, but tomorrow Ill be ________________________.

37

B.

Degrees of Intensity - Superlatives

1.

To make comparisons in the superlative among three or more things or persons

when the adjective has only one syllable, we add the before and -est after the
adjective.
Examples:
My house is nice.
Peter's house is nicer.
Paul's house is the nicest.
Anna is taller than Jane but Jim is the tallest.
Nelda is fatter than Ruth, but Mary is the fattest.

NOTE:

NOTE:

2.

Also, there is a change of spelling:

Fat: fattest

happy: happiest

Hot: hottest

big: biggest

In some superlative adjectives, the word changes completely.

(The same as the comparative adjectives.)
good

better

the best

bad

worse

the worst

To make comparisons in the superlative of those adjectives that have

more than one syllable, we form it by placing the most before the
adjective. (We do not use -est at the end of the adjective.)
Examples:
Your answers are the most correct of the class.
This is the most expensive car in the showroom.

38

EXERCISE: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1. My sister is (smart) _______________ _________ I, but you're sister is ______ ____________.

2. Your girlfriend is (shy)_______________ _________ mine, but his is ______ ______________.

3. London is (far) ______________ ________ Paris, but Moscow is ______ _________________.

4. My boat is (big) ________________ _______ yours, but Joe's boat is _______ _____________.

II.

Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives are used to indicate that someone owns something. They are placed before
the noun: my house, your house, our house. Every personal pronoun has its corresponding
possessive adjective.
Examples:

Personal Pronouns
I
you
he
she
it
we
you (all)
they

Possessive Adjectives
my
house
your dog
his
shirt
her
dress
its
tail
our
family
your homes
their shoes

NOTE: In English there is one masculine possessive adjective (his) and one feminine
possessive adjective (her)
Some of the following are not possessive adjectives, but you should learn them, along with the
personal pronouns and the possessive adjectives.
Pronouns
I
you
you (all)
he
she
it
we
they

Poss. Adjectives
my
your
your
his
her
its
our
their

Poss. Pronouns
mine
yours
yours
his
hers
*
ours
theirs

39

Reflexive Pronouns
myself
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
themselves

A. Degrees of IntensityComparatives
1.

To compare adverbs that modify action verbs that have only one syllable,
we add -er than at the end of the adverb. (Same as the adjectives)

Examples:
Mary runs fast, but John runs faster than Mary.

He works hard, but my brother works harder than he.

Martha will arrive very soon, but Anna will arrive sooner than she.

2.

To compare adverbs that modify action verbs that have more than one syllable, we add
more before the adverb and than after the adverb.

Examples:
John speaks slowly, but Mary speaks more slowly than John.

My boss travels often, but I travel more often than he.

Richard plays quietly, but Joseph plays more quietly than he.

B. Degrees of IntensitySuperlatives
1.

The superlative of adverbs that have only one syllable is formed by placing the before
the adverb and -est after the adverb.

Example:
John works harder than Leo, but Tom works the hardest of all.
Martha writes faster than I, but Anna writes the fastest of all.
He plays music louder than she, but Michael plays the loudest of all.

40

2.

The superlative of adverbs that have more than one syllable, is formed by placing the
most before the adverb.
Example:
Robert plays soccer better than Paul, but Peter plays the best of all.

I ride more often than my father, but my mother rides the most often of all.

She works more carefully than her friend, but I work the most carefully.

EXERCISE: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

1.

This difficult project isn't entirely finished.

2.

She performs well on the piano, but her sister performs better.

3.

My mother is too tired to come very early.

4.

My sister studies very hard early in the morning.

5.

Please paint this wall again more carefully.

6.

John sings beautifully, but Jim sings more beautifully.

41

III.

Prepositional Phrases
In English prepositions are words that begin a phrase (small group of words). These are called
prepositional phrases. The word by is a preposition. If we say by the car, we will have a
prepositional phrase. In is also a preposition, if we say in the street, we will have another
prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases act as adjectives (they describe something or
someone) or as adverbs (they describe how, when, where, how much, how many, or how often.)
Examples:
The man by the car (adj.) in the street (adv.) is my uncle.

Peter came here after dinner (adv.) with his friends (adv.).

We were all against him (adv.) except the manager (adv.) of the store (adj.).

1.

2.

The most common prepositions in English are:

at

by

in

for

from

of

on

up

with

Other prepositions are:

above

except

across

into

after

over

against

regarding

along

since

among

through

around

throughout

before

till

behind

toward

beneath

under

between

underneath

beyond

until

but

upon

down

within

during

without

42

to

EXERCISE: Underline the prepositional phrases in these sentences.

1. We all were against the idea, except Elder Rider.
2. The house behind the trees by the river in the country is hers.
3. Among all the people in the parade, we found a lost child in a pink dress.
4. I arrived at their house before they woke up in the morning.
5. The cow was in the barn behind the house with the red roof.

IV. Conjunctions
A. Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, and sentences.
Examples:
You and I are friends.

(words)

He ran in the street and over the bridge.

(phrases)

My friend went home, and I went in the house.

(sentences)

B. The most common conjunctions are:

and

or

but

Examples:
We are going to Zimbabwe and Liberia next week.

Mom or Dad has to go with us.

You can go, but you can't stay very long.

C. Other conjunctions are:

so

besides

so that

accordingly

because

however, although

if

meanwhile

although

since

unless

nevertheless

43

EXERCISE: Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences.

1. I bought it because I needed it.

2. If you don't want to come, you don't have to.
3. She bought them so that you can use them.
4. Blessings will not come to you unless you are obedient.
5. Although the present is small, you will like it very much.

TASK: In the following sentences, write adj. above the adjectives, and adv.
above the adverbs. Underline the prepositional phrases.

1. I have a very pretty blue car.

2. Laura needs a much larger house.

3. Martha bought herself a very beautiful dress in a store near her home.
4. Elder Jones found many golden families in his mission.

5. This house on the corner is prettier than the other one, but your house is the prettiest of all.

6. He works very well, but he takes a lot of time.

44

REGULAR VERBS
Group 1: ed pronounced as d.
PRESENT

PAST TENSE

Pres. Part.

PAST PART.

open

opened

are opening

have opened

love

loved

is loving

has loved

learn

learned

are learning

had learned

hurry

hurried

are burying

have hurried

change

changed

are changing

have changed

close

closed

are closing

had closed

answer

answered

are answering

have answered

continue

continued

is continuing

has continued

believe

believed

is believing

has believed

10

enjoy

enjoyed

is enjoying

had enjoyed

11

listen

listened

is listening

had listened

12

study

studied

are studying

have studied

13

explain

explained

is explaining

has explained

14

imagine

imagined

are imagining

have imagined

15

play

played

is playing

has played

16

clean

cleaned

is cleaning

had cleaned

17

arrive

arrived

are arriving

have arrived

18

rain

rained

is raining

has rained

19

name

named

are naming

have named

20

stay

stayed

is staying

has stayed

21

belong

belonged

are belonging

had belonged

22

plan

planned

are planning

have planned

23

prepare

prepared

are preparing

have prepared

24

receive

received

are receiving

had received

25

remember

remembered

are remembering

have remembered

26

follow

followed

is following

has followed

27

try

tried

is trying

had tried

28

use

used

are using

have used

29

travel

traveled

is traveling

has traveled

30

turn

turned

are turning

have turned

31

live

lived

are living

had lived

45

PRESENT

Group 2: -ed pronounced as t

PAST TENSE
PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

help

helped

are helping

have helped

dance

danced

is dancing

has danced

erase

erased

is dancing

had erased

walk

walked

is walking

has walked

cook

cooked

are cooking

had cooked

wish

wished

are wishing

have wished

smoke

smoked

is smoking

has smoked

like

liked

is liking

had liked

talk

talked

are talking

have talked

10

wash

washed

is washing

has washed

11

look

looked

are looking

had looked

12

pass

passed

are passing

have passed

13

ask

asked

is asking

has asked

14

promise

promised

is promising

had promised

15

jump

jumped

are jumping

have jumped

16

finish

finished

is finishing

has finished

17

work

worked

are working

had worked

18

dress

dressed

are dressing

have dressed

Group 3: -ed pronounced as -ed

PRESENT

PAST TENSE

PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

end

ended

are ending

have ended

accept

accepted

are accepting

have accepted

attend

attended

is attending

has attended

fast

fasted

are fasting

have fasted

start

started

is starting

had started

expect

expected

are expecting

have expected

wait

waited

is waiting

has waited

exist

existed

are existing

had existed

guide

guided

is guiding

has guided

10

invite

invited

are inviting

have invited

11

need

needed

is needing

had needed

12

want

wanted

are wanting

have wanted

13

repeat

repeated

is repeating

has repeated

14

resurrect

resurrected

is resurrecting

had resurrected

15

visit

visited

is visiting

has visited

46

IRREGULAR VERBS - #1
(MOST COMMON ONES)
Special verbs
PRESENT

PAST TENSE

PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

go

went

going

gone

can

could

-----

could

am, is, are

was, were

being

been

have

had

having

had

Common Verbs

PRESENT

PAST TENSE

PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

eat

ate

eating

eaten

give

gave

giving

given

say

said

saying

said

tell

told

telling

told

begin

began

beginning

begun

find

found

finding

found

teach

taught

teaching

taught

write

wrote

writing

written

speak

spoke

speaking

spoken

10

do

did

doing

done

11

make

made

making

made

12

read

read (red)

reading

read (red)

13

get

got

getting

got, gotten

14

think

thought

thinking

thought

15

know

knew

knowing

known

16

feel

felt

feeling

felt

17

take

took

taking

taken

18

bring

brought

bringing

brought

19

come

came

coming

come

20

see

saw

seeing

seen

47

IRREGULAR VERBS - # 2

PRESENT

PAST TENSE

PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

bear

bore

bearing

borne, born

catch

caught

catching

caught

drink

drank

drinking

drunk

fall

fell

falling

fallen

buy

bought

buying

bought

drive

drove

driving

driven

cut

cut

cutting

cut

cost

cost

costing

cost

feed

fed

feeding

fed

10

draw

drew

drawing

drawn

11

build

built

building

built

12

find

found

finding

found

13

choose

chose

choosing

chosen

14

beat

beat

beating

beaten

15

become

became

becoming

become

16

bite

bit

biting

bitten

17

forget

forgot

forgetting

forgotten

18

fight

fought

fighting

fought

19

forgive

forgave

forgiving

forgiven

20

break

broke

breaking

broken

IRREGULAR VERBS - # 3
PRESENT

PAST TENSE

PRES. PART.

PAST PART.

lie

lay

lying

lain

kneel

knelt

kneeling

knelt

shine

shone

shinning

shone

seek

sought

seeking

sought

sing

sang

singing

sung

shut

shut

shutting

shut

understand

understood

understanding

understood

48

run

ran

running

run

grow

grew

growing

grown

10

let

let

letting

let

11

wake

woke

waking

woken

12

lead

led

leading

led

13

sleep

slept

sleeping

slept

14

send

sent

sending

sent

15

hide

hid

hiding

hidden

16

fix

fixed

fixing

fixed

17

win

won

winning

won

18

spend

spent

spending

spent

19

keep

kept

keeping

kept

20

hurt

hurt

hurting

hurt

21

wear

wore

wearing

worn

22

lie

lied

lying

lied

23

ride

rode

riding

ridden

24

show

showed

showing

shown

25

stand

stood

standing

stood

26

hit

hit

hitting

hit

27

lose

lost

losing

lost

28

put

put

putting

put

29

steal

stole

stealing

stolen

30

leave

left

leaving

left

31

sit

sat

sitting

sat

32

mean

meant

meaning

meant

33

ring

rang

ringing

rung

34

hold

held

holding

held

35

shake

shook

shaking

shaken

36

throw

threw

throwing

thrown

37

sell

sold

selling

sold

38

fly

flew

flying

flown

49