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Parts of The Sentence

The document discusses the different parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, objects, and complements. It also covers types of sentences such as simple, complex, and compound sentences. Various sentence patterns are identified and examples are provided.

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Jules Gajes
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252 views

Parts of The Sentence

The document discusses the different parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, objects, and complements. It also covers types of sentences such as simple, complex, and compound sentences. Various sentence patterns are identified and examples are provided.

Uploaded by

Jules Gajes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS OF THE SENTENCE

I.

Subject
The subject of a sentence is a noun or pronoun that does, causes, or receives
the action of the verb. It has gender, number, and person.
Ex: Samantha collects reptiles.
(This sentence is about a person with an unusual hobbySamantha.
Samantha is therefore the subject of the sentence.)

II.

Predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence that makes a statement about the
subject. The main part of the predicate is the verb.
The predicate usually comes after the subject. Once you find the subject, you
can easily find the predicate. Just ask yourself what the sentence is telling
you about the subject.
The predicate might tell you what the subject did (or does, or will do).
Ex: Samantha collects reptiles.
(In this sentence, as you know, the subject is Samantha. The
predicate collects reptiles tells you what Samantha does. The verb here is the
action verb collects.)
A compound predicate consists of two (or more) such predicates connected:
Ex: The glacier began to slip dow mountainside and eventually crushed some
of the village's outlying buildings.
A complete predicate consists of the verb and all accompanying modifiers
and other words that receive the action of a transitive verb or complete its
meaning.
With an intransitive verb, objects and complements are included in the
predicate.
Ex: The glacier is melting.
With a transitive verb, objects and object complements are said to be part of
the predicate.
Ex: The slow moving glacier wiped out an entire forest. It gave the villagers a
lot of problems.
With a linking verb, the subject is connected to a subject complement.
Ex: The mayor doesn't feel good.
A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and tells us something about the
subject:
Ex: Ramonita is beautiful.
His behavior has been outrageous.
That garbage on the street smells bad.
A predicate nominative follows a linking verb and tells us what the subject is:
Ex: Dr. Couchworthy is acting president of the university.
She used to be the tallest girl on the team.

Direct and Indirect Objects


A direct object is the receiver of action within a sentence,
Ex: "He hit the ball."
(Be careful to distinguish between a direct object and an object
complement:)
Ex: They named their daughter Natasha.
(In that sentence, "daughter" is the direct object and "Natasha" is the object
complement, which renames or describes the direct object.)
The indirect object identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is
performed. The direct object and indirect object are different people or places
or things. The direct objects in the sentences below are in boldface; the
indirect objects are in italics.
Ex: The instructor gave his students A's.
Grandfather left Rosalita and Raoul all his money.
Jo-Bob sold me her boat.
(Incidentally, the word me (and similar object-form pronouns such as him, us,
them) is not always an indirect object; it will also serve, sometimes, as a
direct object.)
Ex: Bless me/her/us!
Call me/him/them if you have questions.
In English, nouns and their accompanying modifiers (articles and adjectives)
do not change form when they are used as objects or indirect objects, as
they do in many other languages.
Ex: "The radio is on the desk" and "I borrowed the radio"
(These contain exactly the same word form used for quite different functions.
This is not true of pronouns, however, which use different forms for different
functions.
Ex: He [subject] loves his grandmother. His grandmother loves him [object].
Complements
A complement is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject,
an object, or a verb.
A subject complement follows a linking verb; it is normally an adjective or a
noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.
Ex: A glacier is a huge body of ice.
Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.
(This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a
participle))
Adjective complements are also called predicate adjectives; noun
complements are also called predicate nouns or predicate nominatives.
An object complement follows and modifies or refers to a direct object. It can
be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective.
Ex: The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy.
(The noun "Vice President" complements the direct object "Dogbreath"; the
adjective "happy" complements the object "him.")
The clown got the children too excited.
(The participle "excited" complements the object "children.")
A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb.
Ex: Granny left Raoul all her money.

(Both "money" [the direct object] and "Raoul" [the indirect object] are said to
be the verb complements of this sentence.)
Clauses
A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.
A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which does not contain a
subject and a verb (e.g., in the afternoon, drinking from the bowl).
An independent clause can express a complete thought (and can be a
standalone sentence).
Ex: Tara ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.
(Tara ate a cheese roll is an independent clause. It works as a standalone
sentence.)
A dependent/subordinate clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence,
and it cannot stand by itself as a meaningful proposition (idea).
Ex: Tara ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.
(The clause after she watched the news is a dependent clause. It does not
work as a standalone sentence.)
Types of Sentences
1. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject
and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Ex: Some students like to study in the mornings.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a
coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
(Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.)
Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a
comma.
Ex: I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more
dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such
as because, since,after, although, or when (and many others) or a
relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
Ex: The teacher returned the homework after he noticed the error.
4. A compound-complex sentence consists of a combination of a compound
sentence and a complex sentence.
5. Ex: As the dog howled, one cat sat on the fence, and the other licked its
paws.

Basic Sentence Patterns


Subject + intransitive verb (S-V)

Elizabeth swims.
Dolphins leap.

Subject + transitive verb + direct object


John hated lima beans.
(S-V-DO)
Books convey ideas.
Subject: + linking verb + subject complement
(S-LV-C)

The sea is beautiful.


You seem worried.

Subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object (S-V-IO-DO)


The writer sold his publisher a three-part story.
The pitcher threw the catcher a curve ball.
Subject + transitive verb + direct object + object complement (S-V-DO-OC)
Samantha called her sister a baby.
The king made Gawain a knight.
Verb + subject + verb [questions] (V-S)
Can Sherry play with us?
Will this train leave on time?
Verb + (other) [commands]
Leave this room immediately.
Give your exams to the proctor.
Subject (working as object) + transitive verb [passive voice]
The queen was laid to rest.
Books were read to the children.
Dinner is served at eight.
ACTIVITY TIME:
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Identify the complete subject of the following sentences.


The car swerved away from the child.
My favorite radio station plays all of the hit songs.
Grandfather Kim owns an art gallery in Manila.
SM Mall of Asia was built on the sea.
The evenings news summarizes the days events.

II.
Identify the complete predicate of the following sentences.
6. Shakespeares father was a glove maker.
7. Computers process information very quickly.
8. My older brother has a telephone shaped like Mickey Mouse.
9. The bags of coins were placed in an armored truck.
10. Damascus, the capital of Syria, has been continuously inhabited for over four
thousand.

III.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IV.

Identify whether the underlined word is a subject, direct object, indirect object,
object of the complement, predicate adjective or predicate nominative.
Her secret admirer gave her flowers.
The driver seems tired.
Paint it black.
I hope the Bulls win the title.
The boy painted the car green.
Identify whether the sentence is simple, complex, compound and compoundcomplex.

1. Morgan and Riley plan to enter their robot in an engineering competition.


2. If they place first, they might win five hundred dollars.
3. The second place prize is three hundred dollars, and the third place prize is one
hundred dollars.
4. Mr. Blake is in charge of the engineering club.
5. Morgan and Riley are already planning to build a drawbridge for
next years competition.
V.

Identify the sentence pattern of the following sentences.

1. I ate a tuna sandwich.


2. We were.
3. I sang Henry a lullaby.
4. The artist painted the canvas red.
5. My fairy godmother granted me a wish.
6. The Vargas family vacationed.
7. The judge had been furious.
8. They considered him a curious.
9. The bank provided the family a mortgage.
10. A brilliant student researched her topic.
............................................................................................................................................
Name: _____________________________
Complete Subject
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Type of Sentences

Sentence Patterns

1.
2.
3.
Complete Predicate

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Course/Section: _________________

4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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