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Assignment 2

This document provides instructions for 7 problems related to vibrations, waves and optics. The problems cover topics like solving differential equations of motion for damped harmonic oscillators, determining critical damping, verifying solutions, setting up equations of motion, calculating decay rates, and determining amplitudes of forced and driven oscillations.

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Nicholas Lorenzo Lachee
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249 views

Assignment 2

This document provides instructions for 7 problems related to vibrations, waves and optics. The problems cover topics like solving differential equations of motion for damped harmonic oscillators, determining critical damping, verifying solutions, setting up equations of motion, calculating decay rates, and determining amplitudes of forced and driven oscillations.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Lorenzo Lachee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS 2152 Vibrations, Waves and Optics

Assignment 2/Tutorial #3
Submit Question 1 by Friday November 4, 2016
1. Solve + + 0 2 = 0 without using complex exponentials and sketch the solution when the
roots of the auxiliary equation are
a. Real and distinct
b. Real and equal
c. Complex.
2. In real mechanical systems, the value of the damping constant is often deliberately adjusted to
meet the condition of critical damping. For the single mass-spring system, determine the
relationship between the spring constant, k, and the friction coefficient, b, when the system is
critically damped.
3. Verify that = cos() is a possible solution of the equation
2

+ 0 2 = 0
2

4. An object of mass 0.2 kg is hung from a spring constant is 80 N/m. The object is subject to a
resistive force given by bv, where v is its velocity in meters per second.
a. Set up a differential equation of motion for free oscillation of the system
b. If the damped frequency is

3
2

of the undamped frequency, what is the value of the

constant b.
c. What is the Q of the system?
d. After 2 seconds, what does the average energy decay to? (in terms of the initial average
energy)
5. A pendulum on which an object of mass 15 g swings with natural angular frequency 0 = 20
rads-1. The object is subject to a resistive force given by -0.48v, where v is the velocity in meters
per second.
a. Set up, with explanations, the differential equation of motion for free oscillations of the
system.
b. Find the damped frequency.
c. What is the Q of the system?
6. Many oscillatory systems, although the loss or dissipation mechanism is not analogous to
viscous damping, show an exponential decrease in their stored average energy with time =

0 . A Q for such oscillators may be defined using the definition = 0 , where 0 is the
natural angular frequency.
a. When the note middle C on the piano is struck, its energy of oscillation decreases to
one half its initial value in about 1 second. The frequency of middle C is 256 Hz. What is
the Q of the system?

b. If the note an octave higher (512 Hz) takes about the same time for its energy to decay,
what is its Q?
c. A free, damped harmonic oscillator, consisting of a mass = 0.1 moving in a viscous
liquid of damped coefficient , ( = ), and attached to a spring of spring
constant = 0.91, is observed as it performs oscillatory motion. Its average
1

energy decays to of its initial value in 4 sec. What is the Q of the oscillator? What is the
value of b?
7. An object of mass = 0.2 is hung from a spring whose spring constant is 80 1 . The
body is subject to a resistive force given by , where is its velocity and = 41.
a. Set up the differential equation of motion for free oscillations of the system, and find
the period of such oscillations.
b. The object is subjected to a sinusoidal force given by () = 0 (), where 0 =
2and = 30 rad/s. In steady state, what is the amplitude of the forced oscillation?
c. Instead of a driving force, we now oscillate the end of the spring at the top end vertically
with a harmonic displacement = 0 (). Set up the differential equation of
motion for this driven oscillator.
d. What is the amplitude of the mass in steady state for = 0, 30 and 300 rad/s, if X0 = 0.5
cm in each case?

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