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Mohammed Beshir

The objective of the experiment was to separate a mixture of benzoic acid and benzil into its pure components using macroscale separation techniques based on their differing solubilities. A 1.06g mixture was dissolved in diethyl ether and sodium hydroxide was added to transfer the benzoic acid to the aqueous layer via an acid-base reaction. This yielded 0.301g (60.3%) of benzoic acid crystals and 0.101g (22.83%) of benzil crystals after evaporation, for a total recovery of 0.417g or less than the original mass due to incomplete transfer and potential contamination. While macroscale separation allowed some purification, it was not the optimal technique for full recovery

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56 views1 page

Mohammed Beshir

The objective of the experiment was to separate a mixture of benzoic acid and benzil into its pure components using macroscale separation techniques based on their differing solubilities. A 1.06g mixture was dissolved in diethyl ether and sodium hydroxide was added to transfer the benzoic acid to the aqueous layer via an acid-base reaction. This yielded 0.301g (60.3%) of benzoic acid crystals and 0.101g (22.83%) of benzil crystals after evaporation, for a total recovery of 0.417g or less than the original mass due to incomplete transfer and potential contamination. While macroscale separation allowed some purification, it was not the optimal technique for full recovery

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Mohammed beshir

Lab report

Extraction: macroscale separation


The objective of this experiment is to separate the mixture of the benzoic acid and benzil
To their individual components by microscale separation or extraction, based up on their solubility in organic
solvent. In addition, acid base reaction and evaporation of solvent will be performed in this experiment.
1.06 gram of the 50:50 mixture of benzoic acid and benzil was weighted and place in 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
Then, the mixture of benzoic acid and benzil was dissolved by enough diethyl ether and thus the solution
became yellow in color, the yellow solution was transferred to separatory funnel. the separatory funnel is used
to separate to immiscible solvent that have been mixed together, in addition 5 ml of 5 % of sodium hydroxide
was added in to separatory funnel and mixed the content by inverting the funnel several times. Then the
solution was allowed to layer and thus two immiscible solvents was formed. The bottom solvent or layer that
was benzoic acid reacted with sodium hydroxide to give salt that move from the organic phase to the aqueous
phase. This aqueous layer was removed in to a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
After all aqueous layer was removed, 5 ml of saturated sodium chloride was added to ether or top layer to
remove undesired aqueous soluble material and the pure ether layer was collected in to the 25 ml of
Erlenmeyer flask.
0.301 gram and 60.3 % of white crystal of benzoic acid was formed after aqueous layer was placed in the ice
path for fifteen minutes and dried in vacuum filtration. In addition, 0.101 gram and 22.83 % of yellow crystal or
benzyil was also found after ether layer or solution was heated under the hood and ether had been
evaporated. Based on the original mixture, the total mass of the benzoic acid and the benzi, that was found
from the experiment less than the original, by adding up the waight of benzoic acid and benzil without any loss
it could have been recovered 1.06 gram of mixture, but it was recovered 0.417 gram of mixture. This loss of
mass might have been solubility issue, in another word the original mixture might not have been dissolved in to
enough solvent or dimethyl ether solubility issue was not the ony factor to loss the mass of mixture but also
there was uncompleted mass transfer because white crystal and yellow crystal all over the flask and funnel that
indicating incomplete mass transfer. The melting point of both benzoic acid and benzil was measured to
determine the impurity or purity of the recovered components the experimental melting point of benzoic acid did
not matched exactly to the actual melting point that was found the website of
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed072p647 . it was unexpected because it must be pure benzoic acid that
would have been dissolved in aqueous layer but it was different that might have been contaminated with
something else. However, benzil matched exactly the actual melting point of benzil. That was expected and
must be benzil.
In conclusion, the mixture of benzoic acid and benzil was separated by macroscale separation or extraction,
based on acidic and basic property benzoic acid was moved to aqueous phase from organic phase so benzoic
acid was found as a solute in water by treating with strong base but benzoil was not. Finally, a macroscale
separation technique was found to be a great technique to get pure component but it was not found be the best
technique to get the total amount of recovered components because it is exposed to contaminated with
undesired components.

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