Chapter 1

A business combination occurs when two or more previously separate and independent
companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Merger and consolidation
in a generic sense are frequently used as synonyms for the term business combination. In a
technical sense, however, a merger is a type of business combination in which all but one of the
combining entities are dissolved and a consolidation is a type of business combination in which a
new corporation is formed to take over the assets of two or more previously separate companies
and all of the combining companies are dissolved.

In a business combination, goodwill is the excess of investment cost over the fair value of the
investees identifiable net assets. Under the GAAP and IFRS, goodwill arising from a business
combination should be recorded as an asset. Goodwill should not be amortized because it has
indefinite useful life, rather, it should be tested for any impairment at least annually.

Solution E1-4
Goodwill/Gain Summer Inc.
Fair value of Summer Inc.s net assets on July 1
[$ 12,000 + $15,000 + $32,000 +$40,000 -

$15,000 $25,000]
Less: purchase price to acquire Summer Inc.

$59,000,000
$50,000,000

Gain from bargain purchase

$9,000,000

(Fair value of Summer Inc.s net assets

exceeded the purchase price)

Solution E1-5
Journal entries on the books of Pan Corporation to record merger with Sis
Corporation
Accounts payable
Unearned revenues
Interest payable
Notes payable
Bonds payable

2,500
400
100
7,000

10,000

Recognized liabilities

$20,000

Solution P1-1
Investment in Sung Ltd (+A)
Common stock, $10 par (+SE)

11,000,000

5,000,000

Additional paid-in capital (+SE)

5,000,000

Cash (-A)

1,000,000

To record issuance of 500,000 shares of $10 par common

stock plus $1,000,000 cash in a business combination with
Sung Ltd.
Cash (+A)
Trade receivables (+A)
Inventories (+A)
Prepaid expenses
(+A)
Land (+A)
Building-net (+A)

Equipment-net (+A)
Trade payable
Notes payable
Bonds payable
Investment in

(+L)
(+L)
(+L)
Sung Ltd (-A)

2,000,000
800,000
3,000,000
1,000,000
6,800,000
10,100,000

3,000,000

Gain from Bargain Purchase (Ga, +SE)

2,500,000

1,500,000
4,600,000
7,100,000
11,000,000

To assign the cost of Sung Ltd to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
on the basis of their fair values and to recognize the gain from a bargain purchase.
Solution P1-2
Preliminary computations
Additional paid-in capital from additional stock issuance
shares x $10]
Common stock, $10 par from additional stock issuance
[$10,000,000 - $2,000,000]
Purchase price: Cost of investment in Carlos SA

[200,000

$2,000,000
$8,000,000

$10,000,000

Less: Fair value of Carlos SA at December 31

[$1,000,000 + $12,000,000 +$13,000,000 - $4,000,000

$9,000,000

Excess of purchase price over fair value (goodwill)

$1,000,000

- $13,000,000]

Jose SA
Balance Sheet

At December 31 (After the Business Combination)

Assets
Current assets
Cash [$2,000,000 + $1,000,000]

$3,000,000

Other current assets [$13,000,000 + $12,000,000]

$25,000,000

Plant assets [$15,000,000 + $13,000,000]

$28,000,000

Goodwill

$ 1,000,000

Total assets

$57,000,000

Liabilities and Stockholders Equity

Liabilities
Current liabilities [$5,000,000 + $4,000,000]

$ 9,000,000

Other liabilities [$12,000,000 + $13,000,000]

$25,000,000

Stockholders equity
Additional paid-in capital

$2,000,000

Common stock, $10 par ($10,000,000 +$8,000,000)

$18,000,000

Retained earnings
Total liabilities and stockholders equity

$3,000,000
$57,000,000

Solution P1-3
Par issues 25,000 shares of stock for Sins outstanding shares
1a

Investment in Sin
1,500,000
Capital stock, $10 par
250,000
Additional paid-in capital
1,250,000
To record issuance of 25,000, $10 par shares with a market price of
$60 per share in a business combination with Sin.
Investment expenses
60,000
Additional paid-in capital
40,000
Cash
100,000
To record costs of combination in a business combination with Sin.
Cash
20,000
Inventories
120,000
Other current assets
200,000
Land
200,000
700,000
Plant and equipment net
Goodwill
360,000
Liabilities
100,000
Investment in Sin
1,500,000
To assign investment cost to identifiable assets and liabilities according
to their fair values and the remainder to goodwill. Goodwill is
computed: $1,500,000 cost - $1,140,000 fair value of net assets
acquired.

1b

Par Corporation
Balance Sheet
January 2, 2011
(after business combination)
Assets
Cash [$240,000 + $20,000 - $100,000]
Inventories [$100,000 + $120,000]
Other current assets [$200,000 + $200,000]
Land [$160,000 + $200,000]
Plant and equipment net [$1,300,000 + $700,000]
Goodwill
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity
Liabilities [$400,000 + $100,000]
Capital stock, $10 par [$1,000,000 + $250,000]
Additional paid-in capital [$400,000 + $1,250,000 $40,000]
Retained earnings (subtract $60,000 direct costs)

$ 160,000
220,000
400,000
360,000
2,000,000
360,000
$3,500,000
$ 500,000
1,250,000
1,610,000
140,000

Total liabilities and stockholders equity

$3,500,000

Par issues 15,000 shares of stock for Sins outstanding shares

2a

Investment in Sin (15,000 shares $60)

900,000
Capital stock, $10 par
150,000
Additional paid-in capital
750,000
To record issuance of 15,000, $10 par common shares with a market
price of $60 per share.
Investment expense
60,000
Additional paid-in capital
40,000
Cash
100,000
To record costs of combination in the acquisition of Sin.
Cash
20,000
Inventories
120,000
Other current assets
200,000
Land
200,000
700,000
Plant and equipment net
Liabilities
100,000
Investment in Sin
900,000
Gain on bargain purchase
240,000
To record Sins net assets at fair values and the gain on the bargain
purchase.
Fair value of net assets acquired
Investment cost (Fair value of consideration)
Gain on Bargain Purchase

2b

$1,140,000
900,000
$ 240,000

Par Corporation
Balance Sheet
January 2, 2011
(after business combination)
Assets
Cash [$240,000 + $20,000 - $100,000]
Inventories [$100,000 + $120,000]
Other current assets [$200,000 + $200,000]
Land [$160,000 + $200,000]
Plant and equipment net [$1,300,000 + $700,000]
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders equity
Liabilities [$400,000 + $100,000]
Capital stock, $10 par [$1,000,000 + $150,000]
Additional paid-in capital [$400,000 + $750,000 $40,000]
Retained earnings (subtract $60,000 direct costs
and add $240,000 Gain from bargain purchase)
Total liabilities and stockholders equity

$ 160,000
220,000
400,000
360,000
2,000,000
$3,140,000
$ 500,000
1,150,000
1,110,000
380,000
$3,140,000

Solution P1-4
1

Schedule to allocate investment cost to assets and liabilities

Investment cost (fair value), January 1
Fair value acquired from Sun ($360,000 100%)
Excess fair value over cost (bargain purchase gain)

$300,000
360,000
$ 60,000

Allocation:
Cash
Receivables net
Inventories
Land
Buildings net
Equipment net
Accounts payable
Other liabilities
Gain on bargain purchase
Totals

Allocation
$ 10,000
20,000
30,000
100,000
150,000
150,000
(30,000)
(70,000)
(60,000)
$ 300,000

Pub Corporation
Balance Sheet
at January 1, 2011
(after combination)
Liabilities

Assets
Cash
Receivables net
Inventories
Land
Buildings net
Equipment net

Total assets

$ 25,000
60,000
150,000
145,000
350,000
330,000

Accounts payable
Note payable (5 years)
Other liabilities
Liabilities
Stockholders Equity

Capital stock, $10 par

Other paid-in capital
Retained earnings*
Stockholders equity
$1,060,000
Total equities

* Retained earnings reflects the $60,000 gain on the bargain purchase.

Solution P1-5

$ 120,000
200,000
170,000
490,000

300,000
100,000
170,000
570,000
$1,060,000

Journal entries to record the acquisition of Saw Corporation

Investment in Saw
5,000,000
Capital stock, $10 par
1,000,000
Other paid-in capital
3,000,000
Cash
1,000,000
To record acquisition of Saw for 100,000 shares of common stock and
$1,000,000 cash.
Investment expense
200,000
Other paid-in capital
100,000
Cash
300,000
To record payment of costs to register and issue the shares of stock
($100,000) and other costs of combination ($200,000).
Cash
480,000
Accounts receivable
720,000
Notes receivable
600,000
Inventories
1,000,000
Other current assets
400,000
Land
400,000
Buildings
2,400,000
Equipment
1,200,000
Accounts payable
600,000
Mortgage payable, 10%
1,200,000
Investment in Saw
5,000,000
Gain on bargain purchase
400,000
To record the net assets of Saw at fair value and the gain on the
bargain purchase.
Gain on Bargain Purchase Calculation
Acquisition price
Fair value of net assets acquired
Gain on bargain purchase

$5,000,000
5,400,000
$ 400,000

Pat Corporation
Balance Sheet
at January 2, 2011
(after business combination)
Assets
Current Assets
Cash
Accounts receivable net
Notes receivable net
Inventories
Other current assets

$ 5,180,000
3,320,000
3,600,000
6,000,000
1,800,000

Plant Assets
Land
Buildings net

$ 4,400,000
20,400,000

$19,900,000

Equipment net
Total assets

21,200,000

46,000,000
$65,900,000

Liabilities and Stockholders Equity

Liabilities
Accounts payable
Mortgage payable, 10%

$ 2,600,000
11,200,000

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock, $10 par
$21,000,000
Other paid-in capital
18,900,000
Retained earnings*
12,200,000
Total liabilities and stockholders equity

$13,800,000

52,100,000
$65,900,000

* Subtract $200,000 direct combination costs and add $400,000 gain on bargain
purchase.