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Percentage

The document provides information on percentage calculations and formulas. It includes: 1) Concepts of percentage such as expressing a percentage as a fraction and calculating one number as a percentage of another. 2) Formulas for calculating percentage increase/decrease based on changes in price. 3) Formulas for calculating population changes over time based on an annual percentage rate of increase/decrease. 4) A formula for calculating depreciation of a machine's value over time based on an annual percentage rate of depreciation.

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bhargateja
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422 views

Percentage

The document provides information on percentage calculations and formulas. It includes: 1) Concepts of percentage such as expressing a percentage as a fraction and calculating one number as a percentage of another. 2) Formulas for calculating percentage increase/decrease based on changes in price. 3) Formulas for calculating population changes over time based on an annual percentage rate of increase/decrease. 4) A formula for calculating depreciation of a machine's value over time based on an annual percentage rate of depreciation.

Uploaded by

bhargateja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important formulas

Percentage problems with solutions

1. Concept of Percentage:
By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredths.
Thus, x percent means x hundredths, written as x%.
To express x% as a fraction: We have, x% =
Thus, 20% =

x
.
100

20
1
= .
100 5

a
a
as a percent: We have, =
b
b
1
1
Thus, =
x 100
= 25%.
4
4
%

To express

a
x 100
b
%.

2. Percentage Increase/Decrease:
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not
to increase the expenditure is:
R
x 100
(100 + R)
%
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so as not
to decrease the expenditure is:
R
x 100
(100 - R)
%
3. Results on Population:
Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per
annum, then:
1. Population after n years = P
2. Population n years ago =

1+

R n
100

P
1+ R

100
4. Results on Depreciation:
Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate of R% per
annum. Then:
1. Value of the machine after n years = P

1-

R n
100

2. Value of the machine n years ago =

P
R n
1100

3. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by


4. If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A by

R
x 100
(100 + R)
%.
R
x 100
(100 - R)
%.

1. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes.


What percent of his total score did he make by running between the
wickets?
A.

45%

C.

54

6
%
11

5
%
11

B.

45

D.

55%

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option B
Explanation:
Number of runs made by running = 110 - (3 x 4 + 8 x 6)
= 110 - (60)
= 50.
50
5
x 100
%
110
% = 45 11
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
Required percentage =

2. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9


marks more than the other and his marks was 56% of the sum of their
marks. The marks obtained by them are:
A.

39, 30

B.

41, 32

C.

42, 33

D.

43, 34

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option C
Explanation:
Let their marks be (x + 9) and x.
Then, x + 9 =

56
(x + 9 + x)
100

25(x + 9) = 14(2x + 9)
3x = 99
x = 33
So, their marks are 42 and 33.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
3. A fruit seller had some apples. He sells 40% apples and still has 420
apples. Originally, he had:
A.

588 apples

B.

600 apples

C.

672 apples

D.

700 apples

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option D
Explanation:
Suppose originally he had x apples.
Then, (100 - 40)% of x = 420.
60 x x = 420

100
420 x 100
60
= 700.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
x=

4. What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70 have 1 or 9 in the unit's


digit?
A.

B.

14

C.

20

D.

21

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option C
Explanation:
Clearly, the numbers which have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit, have
squares that end in the digit 1. Such numbers from 1 to 70 are 1, 9,
11, 19, 21, 29, 31, 39, 41, 49, 51, 59, 61, 69.
Number of such number =14
14
x 100
70
% = 20%.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
Required percentage =

5. If A = x% of y and B = y% of x, then which of the following is true?


A.

A is smaller than B.

B.

A is greater than B

C.

Relationship between A
and B cannot be
determined.

D.

If x is smaller than y, then


A is greater than B.

E.

None of these

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option E
Explanation:
x% of y =

x
xy
100

y
xx
100

= y% of x

A = B.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
6.

If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:


A.

4% of a

B.

5% of a

C.

20% of a

D.

None of these

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option A
Explanation:
20% of a = b

20
a = b.
100
20
1
100
100 x
ax
20

b
4
b%
100 a =
of 100 x =
=
4%
20
20
of a.
=
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in
Forum
7. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8
years of age is of the number of students of 8 years of age which is 48. What is the total
number of students in the school?
A.

72

B.

80

C.

120

D.

150

E.

100

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option E
Explanation:
Let the number of students be x. Then,
Number of students above 8 years of age = (100 - 20)% of x = 80% of x.
80% of x = 48 + 2 of 48

3
80
x = 80
100
x = 100.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
8. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the sum
of 6% of A and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.
A.

2 :3

B.

1 :1

C.

3 :4

D.

4 :3

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option D
Explanation:
2
(6% of A + 8% of B)
3
5
4
2 6
8
A+
B =
A+
B
100
100
3 100
100
1
1
1
4
A+
B =
A+
B
20
25
25
75
1
1
4
1
20 25 A = 75 25 B
1
1
A=
B
100
75
A 100 4
=
= .
B
75
3
5% of A + 4% of B =

Required ratio = 4 : 3
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
9.

A student multiplied a number by

3
5
instead of .
5
3

What is the percentage error in the calculation?


A.

34%

B.

44%

C.

54%

D.

64%

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option D
Explanation:
Let the number be x.
5 3
16
Then, error = x - x = x.
3 5
15
16x 3
Error% =
x
x 100
15 5x
% = 64%.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
10. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes
were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that the other
candidate got, was:
A.

2700

B.

2900

C.

3000

D.

3100

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option A
Explanation:
Number of valid votes = 80% of 7500 = 6000.
Valid votes polled by other candidate = 45% of 6000
45
x 6000 = 2700.
100
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
=

11. Three candidates contested an election and received 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes
respectively. What percentage of the total votes did the winning candidate get?
A.

57%

B.

60%

C.

65%

D.

90%

Ans wer & Explanation

Ans wer: Option A


Explanation:
Total number of votes polled = (1136 + 7636 + 11628) = 20400.
11628
x 100
20400
% = 57%.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
Required percentage =

12. Two tailors X and Y are paid a total of Rs. 550 per week by their employer. If X is paid 120
percent of the sum paid to Y, how much is Y paid per week?
A.

Rs. 200

B.

Rs. 250

C.

Rs. 300

D.

None of these

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option B
Explanation:
Let the sum paid to Y per week be Rs. z.
Then, z + 120% of z = 550.
z+

120
z = 550
100

11
z = 550
5
550 x 5
z=
11
= 250.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
13. Gauri went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise went on
sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free
items?
A.

Rs. 15

B.

Rs. 15.70

C.

Rs. 19.70

D.

Rs. 20

Ans wer & Explanation

Ans wer: Option C


Explanation:
Let the amount taxable purchases be Rs. x.
30
100
30 100
x
100
6 = 5.

Then, 6% of x =
x=

Cost of tax free items = Rs. [25 - (5 + 0.30)] = Rs. 19.70


View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
14. Rajeev buys good worth Rs. 6650. He gets a rebate of 6% on it. After getting the rebate, he
pays sales tax @ 10%. Find the amount he will have to pay for the goods.
A.

Rs. 6876.10

B.

Rs. 6999.20

C.

Rs. 6654

D.

Rs. 7000

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option A
Explanation:
Rebate = 6% of Rs. 6650 = Rs.

6
x 6650
100

Sales tax = 10% of Rs. (6650 - 399) = Rs.

= Rs. 399.

10
x 6251
100

= Rs. 625.10

Final amount = Rs. (6251 + 625.10) = Rs. 6876.10


View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
15. The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. The average
percent increase of population per year is:
A.

4.37%

B.

5%

C.

6%

D.

8.75%

Ans wer & Explanation

Ans wer: Option B


Explanation:
Increase in 10 years = (262500 - 175000) = 87500.
87500
x 100
175000
% = 50%.
50
Required average =
10 % = 5%.

Increase% =

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