NCSTUDIO-V9 PC-BASED NUMERIC CONTROLLER

APRIL 28TH, 2008

SHANGHAI NAIKY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

Programming Manual-V9R5.1

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Thank you for choosing our products!

This manual will help you acquaint our product and know the information about programming
command system.
This manual makes a detailed introduction to thse thought of system software programming
and the command system of programming, and it also makes a detailed introduction to system
softwares support for PLT, CAM, and DXF. Before using the software and the relative machine
equipments, please carefully read this manual. You will find it is beneficial for you to well use it.
Because of the continuous update in hardware and software, it is possible that the software and
the hardware you have received differ from the statement in this manual.
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Address:

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Zip Code:

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Contents
1 New Functions..........................................................................- 1 2 Summarization of CNC Programming......................................- 3 2.1 Summarization for CNC Programming......................................................................- 3 Definition for Machining File...................................................................................- 3 Creation for Machining File......................................................................................- 3 2.2 Summarization for CNC Machine Tool......................................................................- 4 Machine Tool Coordinate Axis.................................................................................- 4 Machine Origin (MO) and Machine Reference (REFER) Point of Machine
Coordinate System (MCS)................................................................................................- 5 -

3 Configuration of Machining File................................................- 7 3.1 Address Symbol and Function Symbol.......................................................................- 7 3.2 Format of Program block............................................................................................- 8 3.3 Format of Subprogram................................................................................................- 9 -

4 Programming Instruction System............................................- 10 4.1 Spindle Function (S), Feed Function (F) and Tool Function (T)..............................- 10 Spindle Function S..................................................................................................- 10 Feed Speed F...........................................................................................................- 10 Tool Function (T Feature).......................................................................................- 11 4.2 Miscellaneous Function M Code..............................................................................- 11 4.3 Preparatory Function G Code...................................................................................- 12 Commands Related to Coordinate System and Coordinate....................................- 12 -

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Feed Control Instruction.........................................................................................- 25 Tool Command........................................................................................................- 30 Canned Cycle Function...........................................................................................- 34 Canned Cycle Operations........................................................................................- 35 Canned Cycle Codes...............................................................................................- 37 Canned Cycle Commands.......................................................................................- 38 Special Canned Cycle.............................................................................................- 59 Customize the Canned Cycle..................................................................................- 64 4.4 Advanced Function....................................................................................................- 65 4.5 Expressions Used in Program Instructions...............................................................- 70 Current Definition for Expression:.........................................................................- 70 Definition for Assignment Expression:...................................................................- 70 4.6 Comments in Program..............................................................................................- 71 4.7 Demonstration for Machining File Programming....................................................- 72 4.8 G Command Appendix..............................................................................................- 78 -

5 Naming Parameters................................................................- 81 6 Customize the Extended Command M...................................- 89 7 PLT Support............................................................................- 91 8 DXF Support...........................................................................- 92 -

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1 New Functions
1)

New command M802 P458752 is used for clearing the external offset. For detailed
information please refer to chapter 4.4.

2)

New command G921 is used for specifying the workpiece coordinate of the current
point in the current coordinate system. Detailed introduction please turn to chapter 4.3
commands related to coordinate system and coordinate.

3)

New command G922 is used for setting the mechanical coordinate of the origin of the
specified workpiece coordinate system. Detailed introduction please refer to chapter
4.3 commands related to coordinate system and coordinate.

4)

New support for circle, bias and chessboard drilling cycle command (G34, G35, G36,
and G37). Detailed introduction please refer to chapter 4.3 special canned cycle.

5)

New rotation function commands G68/G69, detailed introduction please refer to

chapter 4.3 rotation function commands G68/G69.

6)

New mirror image function commands G50.1/G51.1, detailed introduction please refer
to section 4.3 mirror image function commands G50.1/G51.1.

7)

New command G923 is used for directly tool offset setting, detailed introduction
please refer to chapter 4.3 tool function.

8)

Strengthened function for command G906 is used to test if the specified port is
timeout. Detailed introduction please refer to chapter 4.4.

9)

New command M903 is used for modifying the current tool number. Detailed
introduction please refer to command M list in chapter 4.4.

10) Command G92 is taken as invalid command in the array machining. It demands user to
delete manually. Detailed introduction please refer to chapter 4.3, commands related
to coordinate system and coordinate.
11)

New function of naming the subprogram is shown in chapter 4.4.

12) Improvement for command G904: the usage of PLC address, Keywords of PX, PY, PZ
is compatible with PLC address and equal mark expression

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13) Improvement for G901 and G906: the usage of PLC address, new keywords PLC
and LEVERL, and PLC keywords are compatible with [PLC address] and equal
mark expressions.
14) New function for command G992 allows the transverse movement of the coordinate
system. Detailed introduction please refer to temporary WCS setting G992 in chapter
4.3. (WCS: workpiece coordinate system).
15) New command G28 is used for backing to the reference point. Detailed introduction
please refer to chapter 4.3, auto back to reference point G28.

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2 Summarization of CNC
Programming
2.1 Summarization for CNC Programming
Definition for Machining File
Machining file is composed of a series of instructions written in a programming language
which is specially used for CNC device, and it will be transferred into motion control to the
machine tool by CNC device. The most commonly used storage mediums are punched tape and
disk.

Creation for Machining File

As shown in Fig. 2 -1 below, a machining file can be created by traditional manual
programming and CAD/CAM application. (Such as the popular application CAM)

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Fig. 2-1 Creation for a Machining File

2.2

Summarization for CNC Machine Tool

Machine Tool Coordinate Axis
To simplify programming and guarantee for programs general-purpose, this manual have

standardized the naming to coordinate axes and direction of CNC machine tool. Linear feeding
coordinate axes are denoted by X, Y and Z, which is normally referred as basic coordinate axes.
The correlation of axes follows the Right Hand Rule, see in Fig. 2 -2 . The thumb points in
the +X direction, the index finger points in the +Y direction, and the middle finger points in the
+Z direction.

Fig. 2-2 Machine Tool Coordinate Axis

Circle feed motion swiveling around X, Y and Z-axis is respectively denoted by A, B, and
C. According to the Right Hand Screw Rule, the thumb points in +X, +Y and +Z direction, while
the index and middle finger points in +A, +B, and +C direction of circle feed motion. The feed
motion of CNC machine can be realized by spindle driving the tool or the worktable driving the
workpiece. The positive directions of coordinate axes mentioned above are directions of tool
feeding to the workpiece on the assumption of stationary workpiece. If the workpiece is kinetic,
we tag the positive direction with letters . According to relative motion, the positive
direction of workpiece movement is opposite to that of tool movement. That is:
+X=-Y, +Y =-Y, +Z =-Z
+A =-A, +B =-B, +C =-C
Also the negative directions are contrary to each other. The directions of machine
coordinate axes depend on the size of machine tool and the layout of each component. For
milling machine:

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Z: Z-axis is in line with the main spindle, the direction of tool moving away from workpiece
is positive direction (+Z);
X: X-axis is perpendicular to Z-axis and parallel to clamp interface. If it is milling machine
of detached column, facing the spindle of tool, looking in the column direction, the direction of
moving towards right is positive direction of X-axis (+X);
Y: Y-axis, X-axis and Z-axis together constitute the coordinate system abiding by right hand
rule.

Machine Origin (MO) and Machine Reference (REFER)

Point of Machine Coordinate System (MCS)
MCS is the intrinsic property of machine tool. The origin of MCS is known as machine
origin or machine zero point. After designing, manufacturing and tuning of machine, the origin is
confirmed as a fixed point. The CNC device doesnt return to MO when power on, the
mechanical stroke of each coordinate axis is limited by maximum and minimum limit switch. To
correctly set MCS at machining, we normally sets a machine REFER point (the point used
measuring the start point) at the stroke range of each coordinate axis. When starting the machine,
back to REFER point by mechanically-operated or manual is a must to create MCS. The REFER
point can coincide with MO or not. With parameters, you can specify the distance from machine
REFER point to MO. When machine returns to the REFER point, then the machine origin is
confirmed, and also the REFER points of all coordinate axes are found, so MCS of CNC is
created. The stroke of MCS is defined by manufacturer, while the valid stroke of MCS is defined
by software limit. The relationship between machine origin (OM), machine REFER point (Om),
the mechanical stroke and valid stroke of MCS is shown in Fig. 2 -3 .

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Fig. 2-3 Machine Origin OM and Machine REFER Om

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3 Configuration of Machining File

A machining file is a group of instructions and data transmitted to CNC device, and it is
composed of several program blocks which follows certain configuration, syntax and format
rule, while each program block is composed of several command words. See in Fig. 3 -4

Fig. 3-4 Program Structure

3.1 Address Symbol and Function Symbol

Address symbol and definition are shown in form 3-1
Form 3-1
Address

Address Symbol

Meaning

Symbol

Basic

Function
O

Function

Selection
D

Offset value of cutter radius

BO

Feedrate

Preparatory function

BO

Offset value of tool length

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X coordinate of the arc center

BO

Y coordinate of the arc center

BO

Z coordinate of the arc center

Number of repeats

BO

Miscellaneous function

Sequence no.

Program no.

the setting of Delay time, Program no.

OB

and Sequence no. in the subprogram

Q

Cutting depth, conversion of canned

cycle
R

R point of canned cycle/ radius setting

OB

for arc
S

Function of spindle speed

Tool function

X coordinate

Y coordinate

Z coordinate

3.2 Format of Program block

A program block defines a line of instruction to be executed by CNC device. The format of
program block defines the syntax of function word in each program block, shown in Fig. 3 -5 .

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Fig. 3-5 Format of Program Block

3.3

Format of Subprogram
Subprogram is a section of machining codes which can be called repeatedly. It must begin

with address word O and subprogram no. as the first line and end with M17 as the last line. On
principle, commands, such as M30 and M17, are not allowed to appear among the subprogram,
but nested subprogram is acceptable.

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4 Programming Instruction System

4.1 Spindle Function (S), Feed Function (F) and Tool Function
(T)
Spindle Function S
Command Form: S_
Description:
S command is used to control the swivel speed of the spindle. Its subsequent numerical
value denotes the rotate speed of spindle, with unit r/min.
S is modal command, and S function is only available when spindle speed is adjustable.
When one S command is specified, it will be valid until next code S is specified.
Note: even though the spindle is at the state of no rotation, the value of S keeps still.

Feed Speed F
Command Form: F_
Description:
Command F indicates the synthetic feed speed of tool relative to workpiece when
machining, with unit mm/min.
By the knob of feedrate percent on the operation panel, F can be adjusted between feedrate
percent 0% -120%.
F will result in different meaning when it is used with different command:

G00 command, specify the rapid transverse speed, and it is modal for the current
machining procedure.

G01~G03 command, specify the feed speed, and it is modal for the current machining
procedure.

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Tool Function (T Feature)

Command Form: T_
Description:
T is used for selecting tool, the subsequent value denotes the tool no. selected, and the
relationship between code T and tool is stipulated by machine tool manufacturer.
Executing command T, tool magazine will rotate to select the required tool, and wait until
command M06 comes into effect, then the tool change is automatically finished.
Simultaneously command T invokes compensation value from the tool compensation
register (compensation length and radius of compensation tool). Although command T is nonmodal instruction, the value of tool compensation invoked is effective until the new value is
invoked for the next tool change.

4.2 Miscellaneous Function M Code

Miscellaneous function is composed of address word M and its subsequent number of one
to three digits. It is mainly used to control the running of machining file and on/off of machine
miscellaneous functions.
M function has two forms, non-modal and modal:

Non-modal M function: it is effective only in the program block which includes it.

Modal M function: a group of M functions that can be mutually cancelled; an M

function remains in effect until another M function in the same group appears to cancel it.
Form 4-2 Miscellaneous Function M Code

M Code

Meaning

M Code

Meaning

M00

Program stop

M11

Spindle release

M01

Optional stop

M17

Subprogram return

M02

Program end

M30

program ends, and return to the beginning

of program

M03

Spindle rotates CW

M98

Subprogram call

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M04

Spindle rotates CCW

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M99

In main program, return to the beginning of

program and continue to perform

M05

Spindle stop

M801

Transfer string information between

modules

M06

Tool change

M802

Transfer integer information between

modules

M08

Coolant on

M901

Output instruction directly

M09

Coolant off

M902

Instruction of finishing backing to zero

M10

Spindle clamp

M903

Change the current tool no.

4.3

Preparatory Function G Code

Preparatory function G code is composed of its subsequent one-digit or two-digit numeral.

It is used to specify the machining operations, such as the moving track of tool relative to
workpiece, machine coordinate system, coordinate plane, tool compensation, coordinate offset,
subprogram call, dwell, and so on.
G function has two forms, non-modal and modal G function:

Non-modal G function: it is only effective in the specified program block, and it will
be cancelled at the end of program block.

Modal G function: a group of G functions that can be cancelled mutually; a G function

remains in effect until another G function in the same group appears to cancel it.

Commands Related to Coordinate System and Coordinate

Absolute Programming G90 and Incremental Programming G91

Command Form: G90/G91

Description:
G90: it denotes absolute programming; the programming value on each programming
coordinate axis is corresponding to the origin of current WCS.
G91: it denotes incremental programming; the programming value on each programming

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coordinate axis is corresponding to the last position, and the value equals the distance that tool
moves along axes.
G90 and G91 are modal functions, can be mutually cancelled. G90 is default. They cannot
be used in the same program block. For example, G90 G91 G0 X10 is unallowable
Programming Example:
As shown in Fig. 4 -6 below, programming with G90, G91: the tool moves in sequence
from origin to point 1, 2, and 3.

Fig. 4-6 G90/G91 Programming

Selecting the right mode can simplify the programming. If the drawing dimension is given
based on a fixed point, it is better to adopt absolute programming mode; if the drawing
dimension is given by space distance between contour apexes, it is better to adopt incremental
programming mode.

Workpiece Coordinate System (WCS) Setting G92

Command Form: G92 X_Y_Z_

Description:
X_Y_Z_: to specify the directed distance between origin of WCS and the beginning point of
tool.
The program is compiled based on WCS and begins with the cutter beginning point; the first
thing we have to do is to input WCS to CNC system; we can link up WCS with MCS by setting
the coordinate of cutter beginning point in MCS.
Command G92 can set the REFER point; it also can create WCS by setting the relative
position of tool beginning point (tool calibration point) to origin of WCS. Once WCS is
established, the value of the command in absolute programming is the coordinate value in WCS.

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Fig. 4-7 Creation of Workpiece Coordinate System

Programming Example:
Programming with command G92 to create WCS is shown in Fig. 4 -7 .
The execution of the program block can only create WCS but not make the tool move.
Command G92 is non-modal and normally put in the first block of a machining file.
Synchronously offset the origins of other WCS while setting the current workpiece coordinate
with command G92, which can be used to regulate the length of cutter holder.

Specify Workpiece Coordinate of Current Point based on Current WCS,

G921

Command Form: G921 X_Y_Z_

Description:
X_Y_Z_: workpiece coordinate of the current point.
G921 is used to set the coordinate value of current point in current WCS; unlisted axes will
not be modified; this setting only has effect on current coordinate system, not other WCS.
G921 command can be used for measuring workpiece surface and workpiece center or
boundary.

Specify the Machine Coordinate of WCS Origin, G922

Command Form: G922 X_Y_Z_P_

Description:
X_Y_Z_: corresponding to different offset value.

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P_: Specifying offset type. -4: external offset; -1: current WCS (default); 0~5:
corresponding to G54~G59.
Set the coordinate value of the specified axiss offset, there is no need for the unlisted axes
modification.
G922 command can be used for measuring workpiece surface and workpiece center or
verge.

Auto back to Reference Position, G28

Command Form: G28 X_Y_Z_

Description:
X_Y_Z_: coordinate of the middle position (Workpiece Coordinate)
Machine tool returns to REFER point (machine origin) via the middle point, shown in Fig.
4 -8 .

Fig. 4-8 back to Reference Position

Temporary WCS Setting, G992

Command Form: G992 X_Y_Z_ /I_J_L_

Description:
Function of this command is similar to G92 command. The distinction between them is:
G92 command alters WCS permanently and takes the same standard to the whole system, while
G992 command alters WCS temporarily and only influence the coordinate parsing of processing
instruction. At the end of machining WCS will restore automatically.

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The command is used for implementing array function. The steps are as shown below.
Method one:
1 Delete M30 command in the processing file.
2 Adding at the beginning of the processing file:
#1=30

X offset value

#2=40

Y offset value

#3=30

machining quantity along X axis

#4=30

machining quantity along Y axis

G65 P3455 L=#4

G00 G90 X=-#1*#3 Y=-#2*#4
G992 X0 Y0
M30
O3455
G65 P3456 L=#3
G00 G90 X=-#1*#3 Y=#2
G906
G992 X0 Y0
M17
O3456
3 Add at the end of the processing file:
G00 G90 X=#1
G906
G992 X0
M17
G992 I_ J_ K_
Method two:
1 Delete M30 command in the processing file.
2 Add at the beginning of the processing file :
#1=30

X offset value

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#2=40

Y offset value

#3=30

machining quantity along X axis

#4=30

machining quantity along Y axis

G65 P3455 L=#4

G00 G90 X=-#1*#3 Y=-#2*#4
G992 I=-#1*#3 J=-#2*#4
M30
O3455
G65 P3456 L=#3
G00 G90 X=-#1*#3 Y=#2
G906
G992 I=-#1*#3 J=#2
M17
O3456
3 Add at the end of the processing file:
G00 G90 X=#1
G906
G992 I=#1
M17
Program above can realize the related array machining. The first 4 parameters can be
adjusted and customized.

Note:
G992 X_Y_Z_: Set the current point as a specified point in the new coordinate
system.
G992 I_ J_ K_: Translate the previous coordinate system a specified distance to
form into a new coordinate system. Comparatively speaking, G992 I_ J_ K_ can
avoid the redundant move instruction of dry run produced by origin offset; but not
like G992 X_Y_Z_, back to origin and then set origin. So G992 I_ J_ K_ is more
efficient than G992 X_Y_Z_.
During array machining, G92 command is not supported by system. It need user to delete it
manually.

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WCS Selection G54~G59

Command Form: G54/G55/G56/G57/G58/G59

Description:
G54~G59 are 6 WCS prepared by the system (shown in Fig. 4 -9

). You can select freely.

Fig. 4-9 Workpiece Coordinate System Selection (G54~G59)

The origin value (offset value of workpiece origin) of these 6 WCS in MCS can be set in the
[PARA] setting interface, and system will automatically save the values.

Note:
Once these WCS are confirmed, the following instruction value in absolute
programming are all corresponding to the origin of WCS.
G54~G59 is modal function, can be mutually cancelled, and G54 is default.
Programming Example:
As shown in Fig. 4 -10

, programming based on WCS: make the tool move from current

point to point A, and then from point A to point B.

Fig. 4-10

Programming Based on Workpiece Coordinate System

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Before using this group of instructions, please firstly set the value of each coordinate system
origin in MCS.

MCS Setting G53

Command Form: G53

Description:
G53: when using MCS, zero offset of WCS is invalid. It is non-modal instruction which is
only valid in current program block.

Coordinate Plane Selection G17, G18, G19

Command form: G17/G18/G19

Description:
G17: XY plane selection
G18: ZX plane selection
G19: YZ plane selection
This group of instructions can be used to select the plane to perform circular interpolation
and cutter radius compensation.
G17, G18, G19 is modal function (shown in Fig. 4 -11

), can be mutually cancelled, and

their default is G17.

Fig. 4-11

Coordinate Plane Selection

Inch/Metric Command G20/G21 OR G70/G71

Command form: G20/G70/G71

Description:
G20/70: inch:

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G21/71: metric.
This G code is defined at the beginning of the program block. If a G code is specified, the
units of all subsequent operation will be changed. If not specified, the default unit is metric.

Scaling Function G50/G51

Command Form: G51 X_Y_Z_P_ (I_J_K_)

Description:
X_Y_Z_: it specifies the center of scaling. The omitted coordinate axes will inherit the
original scaling and keep still.
I_J_K_ It respectively specifies the reduction or enlargement scaling of X, Y and Z axis
P_: It simultaneously specifies the scaling of all axes listed out. But in one program block,
only one can be selected from P_, I_, J_ and K_.
Workpiece contour that is compiled in machining file can be reduced or enlarged according
to the scaling. G51 is scaling on, and G50 is scaling off. (Default: G50).
The range of scaling: 0.000001-99.999999
For example:
I0.666666 denotes that X reduces to 0.666666 time of the original dimension,
J3 denotes that Y enlarges to 3 times of the original dimension.
When using the scaling function instruction, please pay attention to the followings:

Dont set the scaling coefficient as o, or else an alarm will appear.

Scaling function has no effect on compensation value

When executing cutter radius compensation C, the scaling (G51) instruction cannot be
specified.

The canned cycle cannot be executed together with the specified scaling function of Zaxis. If do so, an alarm will appear.

These G codes cannot be used in the execution process of scaling function: G28, G29,
G53, and G92, or else the outcome may contain an error.

If it is G51 but not G52 being specified in the program, the scaling function will be
automatically closed at the end of the program.
Programming Example:

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N01 G00 X50.0 Y50.0 rapid positioning

N02 G51 X100.0 Y80.0 P0.5 Specify X125, Y90 as the
scaling center, and scaling value is 0.5
N03
1000mm/min

G01

Y150.0

F1000

linear

cutting

with

feedrate

N04 X175.0 Y50.0

N05 G90 X50.0
N06 G50 Release scaling function
N07 G00 X0.0 Y0.0 returning rapidly
N08 M30 End of the program

Fig. 4-12

Rotation Function G68/G69

Command Form:
G68 X_Y_Z_R_
G69
Description:
X_Y_Z_ Specify the center of rotation.
R_: specify rotation angle with unit of degree. Clockwise is negative, and counterclockwise
is positive.

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The instruction can be used for rotary contour machining. The selected machining contour
rotates degrees specified by R around the center. G68 is swivel on, and G 69 is swivel off.
Meaning of R: put a watch on the current plane, and let the watch surface towards the
positive direction of the third axes; counterclockwise is positive, and clockwise is negative.
At the process of swiveling, coordinate of the third axis perpendicular to the current plane
is constant. Respectively, swiveling in XY plane, the coordinate of Z-axis keeps still; swiveling
in YZ plane, the coordinate of X-axis keeps still; and swiveling in ZX plane, the coordinate of Yaxis keeps still.
For example:
G17G90 X0Y0Z0
G65P9999L1
G68 X0Y0R-90 Rotate clockwise 90 degrees around center
of (0, 0)
G65P9999L1
G69 Rotation off
M30

O9999 machining a rectangle

G91 G1X100
Y50
X-100
Y-50
G90
M17
The actual outcome is shown in Fig. 4 -13

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Fig. 4-13
The instruction can be nested:
G68 X_Y_Z_R_

G68 X_Y_Z_R_

G68 X_Y_Z_R_

G69

G69

G69

Rotation that appears earlier will influence the following rotation instruction. The
subsequent rotation center is not the one that you get from the machining file and it has been
changed by the previous rotation, and the actual rotation center is the latest transformed position.
The function of G69 is to cancel the latest rotation transform. The above-mentioned code of
line C in the program is to cancel G68 of line C, for the same reason, B corresponds to B, and
A corresponds to A. If not using G69, the function of rotation transform will be automatically
cancelled at the end of the current machining.
The example is shown as below, the rotation transform and scaling change are nested.
G90 G0 x0 y0 z0

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G91G65 P9999 L1
G65 P9998 L10
M30

O9999
G1 x200
y-100
x-200
y100
M17

O9998
G68 x50 y50 R45
G65 P9999 L1
G51 x50 y50 p0 5
G65 P9999 L1
M17
The outcome is shown in Fig. 4 -14

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Fig. 4-14

Mirror Image Function G50.1/G51.1

Command Form
G51.1 X_Y_Z_
G50.1 X_Y_Z_
Description:
X_Y_Z_ For G51.1, specifying mirror image center; for G50.1, specifying the invalid
axes of mirror image function.
The instruction indicates to machining to the mirror image of machining contour. G51.1
denotes mirror image on and G50.1 denotes mirror image off.
For G51.1, the center of mirror image can be a line, and also a point. For example, G51.1
X10, specifies the mirror image of the contour corresponding to line X=10. G51.1 X10 Y10 Z10,
specifies the mirror image of the contour corresponding to the point (10, 10, 10)
For G50.1, X_Y_Z_ is used to specify the invalid axis of mirror image function. For
example, G50.1 X0, close the mirror image function of X-axis; G50.1 YO, Z0, close the mirror
image functions of Y-axis and Z-axis. If all the mirror images of X, Y and Z axes are specified or
no one is specified, it denotes the mirror image functions of all the axes are closed.

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Feed Control Instruction

Rapidly Positioning G00

Command Form: G0 X_Y_Z_

Description:
G00: rapidly positioning the tool, but not cause any machining to workpiece. It can
simultaneously perform rapid movement in several axes to produce linear track. At the process of
parsing the instruction, if there is movement in the direction of Z-axis, to make sure the safety of
the movement, the motion can be analyzed into Z-axis motion and plane motion. For example:
moving towards positive direction of Z axis, go along with Z-axis firstly then move in the plane;
otherwise, plane firstly.
The machine specifies the maximum rapid moving speed of each coordinate axis; a
coordinate axis will run according to this speed. If rapid movement simultaneously performs on
two axes, the speed will be the maximum speed of two axes.
The rapid moving speed of G00 command for each axis is set by machine parameter rapid
feed speed, and it also can be specified by F_ which is modal.
G00 is available until it is replaced by other commands in the group of G function (G01,
G02, G03)
Programming Example:
N10 G90 G00 X30 Y30 Z40

Linear Interpolation G01

Command Form: G1 X_Y_Z_

Description:
G01 performs linear interpolation to specified point with appointed speed, and the tool
moves along line from the beginning point to the target point; all coordinate axes can move
simultaneously. G01 is available until it is replaced by other command in the group of G function
(G00, G02, G03).
Programming Example:
N05 G00 G90 X40 Y48 Z2 S500 M03
tool rapidly moves to X40,Y48,Z2 the rotary speed of
spindle is 500r/min swivel clockwise

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N10 G01 Z-12 F100

tool goes to Z-12 with feedrate 100mm/min
N15 X20 Y18 Z-10 'tool moves to P2 by line movement
N20 G00 Z100

rapid move

N25 X-20 Y80

N30 M02

end of program

Circular Arc Interpolation G02, G03

Command Form: G02/G03 X_Y_Z_R_ (I_J_K_) F_

Description:
Command performs circular arc interpolation to the specified point with appointed feed
speed. G02 specifies clockwise interpolation, and G03 specifies counterclockwise interpolation.
In program block, circular arc path can hold more than two quadrants, or a whole circle.
G02 and G03 are available until they are replaced by other commands in the group of G
function (G00, G01 )
Circular arc programming can be radius programming or centre programming. The function
word of radius is R. There are two types of arcs under the same start point, end point, radius and
the same rotary direction. When R is minus, circular arc is more than half circle; when R is
positive, circle arc is less than or equal to half circle. When value R is less than half of the
distance between start point and end point, it will be a 180 arc with a radius of half of the
distance between start point and end point. Circle center is specified by addresses I, J, K in center
programming. When I, J, K incremental mode is true, the coordinate of circle center is
corresponding to the start point of the circular arc, otherwise corresponding to the coordinate of
workpiece origin. (If the coordinate of circle center is marked, you can program directly and
neednt calculate). Circular arc programming defaults in X-Y plane, you can use G17, G18 and
G19 to specify circular interpolation plane.
Besides of circular arc interpolation command, simultaneously add a linear command to the
third axis, and you can execute helical interpolation. Y is used to specify the pitch; you can
realize multi-circle helical line.
Radius programming can not be used for whole circle programming, so it must be divided
into two parts.

Note:

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When R>0, angle corresponding to the circular arc is less than 1800;
When R<0, angle corresponding to the circular arc is more than 1800.
Programming Example:
Interpolation for clockwise circle and counterclockwise circle, as shown in Fig. 4 -15
For Fig. 4 -15 (a)
Solution 1:
G17 G90 G02 X20 Y10 I-2 J-14 F300
Solution 2:
G17 G90 G02 X20 Y10 R12 F300
For Fig. 4 -15 (b)
Solution 1:
G17 G90 G03 X10 Y22 I-12 J-2 F300
Solution 2:
G17 G90 G03 X10 Y22 R12 F300

Fig. 4-15 G 02/ G 03 Programming

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Fig. 4-16

Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

Interpolation to the Whole Circle

Programming Example: Interpolation to the whole circle, see in Fig. 4 -16 .

Solution 1:
G00 X0 Y0
G02 X0 Y0 I20 J0 F300
Solution 2:
G00 X0 Y0
G02 X20 Y-20 R-20 F300
G02 X0 Y0 R20 F300
Programming Example: helical programming with G03 is shown in Fig. 4 -17

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Fig. 4-17

Helical Programming

K can also be used to specify pitch in Fig. 4 -17

G90 G17 G03 X0 Y30 R30 Z10 K10 F300

Dwell G04

Command Form: G04 P_

Description:
P_: the dwell time, with unit ms.
Dwell command can be used in the following conditions:
1. When cutting the corner, you can use the dwell command to guarantee the corner sharp.
2. To control the machining depth of a not through hole, when cutter reaches the appointed
depth, use dwell command to stop the tool, and let spindle rotate more than one circle to burnish
the hole bottom before retracting the tool.
3. To make sure the smoothness of workpiece at boring machining, dwell command can be
used to stop the rotary spindle before retraction, with dwell time 1~3 Seconds.
4. At transverse turning, dwell command can also be used before retraction. (Spindle should

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rotate at least one circle).

5. Chamfering or drilling on the turning machine, dwell command can be also used to make
sure the flatness of chamfer surface and center hole prick surface.
The dwell command can be executed after last program block ends. G04 is effective only in
the program block, and it dwells an appointed time.
Inserting G04 between two program blocks, it can dwell the appointed time, such as free
cutting and the time is determined by P function word, unit: ms.
Programming Example:
G04 P1000

dwell 1000ms

Tool Command

Cutter Radius Compensation G40, G41, G42

Command Form:
G41 D_
G42 D_
G40
Description:
G40: cancel cutter radius compensation
G41: left cutter compensation (compensation on the left flank)
G42: right cutter compensation (compensation on the right flank)
D_: parameter of G41/G42, that is tool compensation no. (D00~D07), denotes the radius
compensation value related to the tool compensation list.
The switch among cutter radius compensation planes must be executed under the mode of
compensation off.
The establishment and cancel of cutter radius compensation can only use G00 or G01
command but not G02 or G03.
When using cutter radius compensation, the radius value must be measured accurately and
then save this value into the memory as the cutter path offset (cutter radius value). It should also
be programmed with D code to make cutter offset no. corresponding to cutter radius value.

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When G41 (G42) is used, cutter will move a radius distance to the offset position. The tool
is immediately located to the perpendicular position of the program blocks start position, and the
value of movement depends on the offset.

(a) Left Compensation

(b) Right Compensation

Fig. 4-18 Cutter Compensation Direction

Fig. 4-19 Cutter Radius Compensation

Programming Example: see Fig. 4 -19 Cutter Radius Compensation

G17 G01 G41 (G42) X_ Y_ F_ D_

Line interpolation, and compensates to cutter.

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G02 X_ Y_ I J_ circular arc interpolation

Note:
At the process of compensation and compensation off, the current moving
direction of the cutter cannot be opposite to last moving direction.

Fig. 4-20
For example:
G92 G0 X0 Y0
G0 G41 X10 Y10 D01 F1000
G1 X20 Y10
If adding G1 X5 Y10 here, error will appear, the
moving direction is opposite to the one above-mentioned. So G1 X1
Y50 can be used instead, or cancel opposite direction command
here.
G0 G40 X0 Y10
this instruction is wrong, and the
moving direction of cutter is opposite to the last one. It is
right to change into G0 G40 X0 Y0.

Tool Length Compensation G43, G44, G49

Command Form:
G43 H_
G44 H_
G49
Description:
G49: tool length compensation off
G43: compensation along positive direction (end point value of compensation axis adds
offset value)

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G44: compensation along negative direction (end point value of compensation axis
subtracts offset value)
H_: parameter of G43/G44, that is tool length compensation offset no. (H00~H07), denotes
length compensation value related to the tool compensation list.
Tool length compensation is used to compensate the deviation of tool length. It is command
value of Z-axis plus or minus the tool offset value existing in memory.
G43 and G44 have modal function. When G43 or G44 is programmed, they will be always
effective until G49 command appears to cancel them.

Fig. 4-21

Tool Length Compensation

Programming Example:
Shown in Fig. 4 -21
G90 G00 X5 Z0 F300
G43 G0 Z10 H1

length compensation to tool

G01 Z-10 F1000

Directly Set Tool Offset G923

Command Form: G923 X_Y_Z_ P_

Description:
Set tool offset value for the specified tool; axes not listed out will not be modified.
P_: to specify cutter no.
For example:
G923 Z 2.392 P1

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It indicates the tool offset value of cutter no.1 is 2.392.

If omitting P, it indicates to set tool offset value for the current value.
Programming Example (program of cutter lifting in Public.dat)
M802 P196609
M801 MS|D| wait for tool calibration signal"
G904 FZ-60 PZ=#CALIBRATION_SW LZ1
M801 MSG""
M802 P196608
G903 G00 G91 Z5
G923 z0
G906
G923 Z = #CURWORKPOS.Z-#MOBICALI_THICKNESS5

Canned Cycle Function

The canned cycle of CNC milling machine is mainly used for machining hole, including
drilling, boring and tapping. With a program block, you can accomplish one or a full set of
operation for machining hole. At the process of hole machining, if there is no need to change the
hole machining operations, all the modal data in the program neednt be written, which can
greatly simplify the program.
Description of each command is shown in the following table.
Form 4-3
G Code

Drilling

Hole bottom operation

operation

Cutter

Application

lifting
operation

G73

Intermittent

----

feed
G74

Cutting

After stopping, spindle rotates

feed

clockwise

Rapidly

High speed peck drilling

positioning

cycle

Cutting feed

Left taping cycle

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G76

G80
G81

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Cutting

Spindle stops and offsets a

Rapidly

feed

displacement value

positioning

----

----

Cutting

----

feed
G82

Cutting

Dwell

Intermittent

----

feed
G84

G85

Rapidly

Cycle off
Drilling cycle

positioning

feed
G83

----

Fine boring cycle

Rapidly

Drilling cycle of dwell on

positioning

the hole bottom

Rapidly

Peck drilling cycle

positioning

Cutting

Spindle rotates reverse after

Cutting feed

Taping cycle

feed

dwell

Cutting

----

Cutting feed

Boring cycle

Spindle dwell

Rapidly

Boring cycle

feed
G86

Cutting
feed

*G87

positioning

Cutting

Spindle rotate positively

feed
*G88

Cutting

Spindle stop after dwell

feed
G89

Cutting

Dwell

feed

Rapidly

Fine boring cycle on back

positioning

side

Moving by Semi-automatic fine boring

manual

cycle

Cutting feed

Boring cycle of dwell on

the hole bottom

Notes: G74, G76, G84, G87, G88 command is not supported for the time being.

Canned Cycle Operations

Generally speaking, canned cycle of hole machining are comprised of the following six
operations, see Fig. 4 -22

Operation 1: positioning of X axis and Y axis---it makes tool locate to the position of hole

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machining rapidly.
Operation 2: rapidly feed to point R----tool rapidly feeds from start point to point R.
Operation 3: hole machining----executing hole machining at the mode of cutting feed.
Operation 4: operations at hole bottom----including dwell, exact stop of spindle, tool
movement, and so on.
Operation 5: return to point R----select point R to continue hole machining and safely
moving the cutter.
Operation 6: return to the initial point rapidly----choose the initial point after the hole
machining is completed.

Fig. 4-22

the Operation Sequence of Canned Cycle

Initial Plane
Initial plane is a plane specified for a safe start of machining. The distance between initial
plane and workpiece plane can be set within the safe limit.
Point R Plane
Point R plane is also named R REFER plane, it is the critical plane on which tool declines
from executing G00 (the rapid moving speed) to executing GXX (the cutting workpiece speed).
The distance from workpiece surface mainly takes workpiece surface dimension diversification
into consideration. Normally the distance ranges from 2~5 mm.

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Hole Bottom Plane

When machining blind hole, the position of hole bottom plane is Z-axis height of hole
bottom. While machining a through hole, cutter usually needs to go beyond the hole bottom a
distance to make sure all the holes are machined to the specified depth. When drilling the hole,
the impact of drill to hole depth should also be taken into consideration.
Hole machining cycle is not concerned with the plane selection command (G17, G18, and
G19). Whichever plane is selected, all the hole machining is positioned in XY plane and drilling
along Z-axis.

Canned Cycle Codes

Data Form

Data of Address R and Address Z in canned cycle command is specified by increment mode
(G91), R indicates the distance from initial point to point R, and Z indicates the distance from
point R to point Z on the hole bottom plane(refer to the following Fig. 4 -23 )

Fig. 4-23

Canned Cycle

Hole machining mode Gxx

The command form of hole machining is as shown below:

Gxx X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_K_
X_Y_: specify position of the hole to be machined (absolute/incremental coordinate)

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Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom plane (absolute programming); the distance from
point R to point Z of hole bottom plane (incremental programming)
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
Q_: the cutting depth for each time increment and positive
P_: the dwell time at the hole bottom, with the same time unit with P in G04 (ms), with no
decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeat times, default K1. K (non-modal command) is effective only within
the block where it is specified. Under G91 mode, with one program block, this parameter can
implement the machining of several isometric holes distributed in one straight line. Under G90
mode, this parameter can specify the repeated machining times on the same position.
Command of hole machining mode, with command of Z, R, Q, and P, are all modal. They
will remain in effect until hole machining mode is cancelled. So these commands only need to be
specified at the beginning of the program, it is unnecessary to specify again in following
consecutive machining; if there is only a certain hole machining data changed (such as: hole
depth), you only need to modify this data.
G80 command is used to cancel hole machining mode; if any G code of Group 01
(G00/G01/G02/G03) appears in the program block, the hole machining mode will be
automatically cancelled. In other words, in the aspect of canceling canned cycle, G80 has the
same function with any G code of Group 01.

Canned Cycle Commands

Followings are the detailed description for each kind of hole-machining.

High Speed Chipbreaking Drilling Cycle G73

Command Form: G73 X_Y_Z_R_Q_ F_ K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom plane (absolute programming); the distance from
point R to point Z of the bottom of the hole (incremental programming)

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R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
Q_: the cutting depth for each time (incremental and positive, minus mark will be ignore
F_: feedrate, this command is modal, even if cancel canned cycle, it is still effective at the
subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeat times
Hole-machining process is shown in Fig. 4 -24 . Intermittent feeding along Z-axis makes it
easy to break and remove the chips from the hole. Q specifies each time cutting depth, and the
retraction is set by parameter (G73_G83 retraction).

G98

G99
(X, Y)

(X, Y) Initial point

Initial point

Point R
Q

Point R
Q

: Parameter setting

Point P
D w ell p (s)

Fig. 4-24

Point Z
: Parameter setting
D w ell p (s)

G73 Machining Process

Description:
1. Move tool rapidly to the specified hole position (X, Y);
2. Locate tool to the appointed point R;
3. Drill down Q depth corresponding to the present drilling depth;
4. Retract upward distance (set by parameter retract quantity);
5. Repeat above drilling operations until reaching point Z at the hole bottom;

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6. Use G00 to return to the initial point (G98) or R point (G99);

Programming Example:
F1200. S600
M03

Drill starts to rotate forward

G90
G00 X0 Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point.
G17
G90 G99 Set the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, cutting rate is 2.0, and drilling speed is 800
G73 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. Q2. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial
point.
X10. Y10. Z-20. hole 5, and set new point Z as -20
G80
M05 drill stops
M02

Left Tapping Cycle G74

This command cannot be supported at the moment.

Command Form: G74 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_
Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming)
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole, with unit ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective

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at the subsequent machining.

K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).
Hole-machining process is shown in Fig. 4 -25. In G98, cutter will return to the initial point
after the hole-machining is finished. But in G99, cutter will return to point R after the holemachining is finished.

Fig. 4-25 G74 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of Machining, use G00 to move to the specified hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to tap down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Drill rotates reverse after dwell P;
5. Use G01 to rise to point R;
6. Drill rotates reverse after dwell P;
7. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99).
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point.
G17
M04 Start drill to rotate reverse.

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G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z and

hole 1 pause 2 s, and drilling speed is 800
G74 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. P2000. F800
X25.hole 2
Y25.hole 3
G98 X5.hole 4, and set to return to the initial point.
X10. Y10. Z-20.hole 5, and set new point Z to be 20.
G80
M05 'Drill stops.
M02

Fine Boring Cycle G76

This command cannot be supported at the moment.

Command Form: G76 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_K_
Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z at the hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from
point R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming)
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
Q_: displacement of the tool at the hole bottomincremental and positive, minus mark will
be ignored .
P_: specify the dwell time of tool at the bottom of the hole, has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode). See Fig. 4 -26

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G98

G99
(X,Y) Initial point
R otate C C W

(X,Y) Initial point

R

D w ellP(s)

OSS

R otate C C W
D w ellP(s)

R
Z

OSS
Fig. 4-26

G76 Machining Process

tool

OSS
(Oriented Spindle Stop)
Fig. 4-27

offset

Oriented Spindle Stop (OSS) Demonstration

Description:
1. At the beginning of machining, use G00 to move to the hole specified position(X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R (not include spindle positioning)
3. Use G01 to go down to the point Z at the bottom of the hole, dwell P, and stop the drill
with spindle positioning;
4. Offset the tool distance;
5. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99);
6. Start drill to rotate reverse.

Alarm
Q is a Modal Value requested in G76 cycle we must specify the Q value
carefully because it is also used in G73/G83.
OSS(Oriented Spindle Stop) direction is decided by parameter Oriented Spindle Stop

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Form 4-4
Oriented Spindle Stop

G17

G18

G19

+X

+Z

+Y

-X

+Y

+X

-Y

-X

OSS

-Z

-Y
+Z
-Z

Programming Example:
F1200 S600
M03 Start drill to rotate forward.
G90
G00 X0 Y0 Z10 Move to the initial point.
G17
G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R , point Z
and hole 1, tools displacement at the bottom of hole is 2.0,
dwell time is 5s, and machining speed is 800.
G76 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. Q2. P5000. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to initial point
X10. Y10. Z-20. hole 5, and specify the new point Z to
be -20.0
G80
M05 Drill stops.
M02

Drilling Cycle G81

Command Form: G81 X_Y_Z_R_ F_ K_

Description:

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X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)

Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming)
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated traversing and drilling, effective under G91
increment mode).
Hole machining operation is shown in Fig. 4 -28 , G81 is used for general drilling.

G98

G99
(X, Y) Initial point

Fig. 4-28

(X, Y) Initial point

R

G81 Machining Process

Description for Machining Process:

1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99)
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Locate to initial point
G17

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G90 G99
Set the coordinate of point R, point Z and hole 1, and
machining rate of drilling is 800
G81 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4 and return to initial point
X10. Y10. Z-20. 'hole 5, and set new point Z to be 20
G80
M02

Drilling Cycle of Dwell on the Hole Bottom G82

Command Form: G82 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming)
R_: the distance from the initial point to point R
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole and has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode)

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G98

G99
(X, Y) Initial point

(X, Y) Initial point

R

D w ellP(s)

Fig. 4-29

D w ellP(s)

G82 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the specified position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Dwell P(s);
5. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99)
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point.
G17
M03 Drill start to rotate forward
G90 G99 Set the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, dwell time is 2 s, and drilling speed is 800
G82 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. P2000. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5.hole 4, and set to return to the initial point.
G80
M05 Drill stops.

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M02

Chipbreaking Drilling Cycle G83

Command Form: G83 X_Y_Z_R_Q_F_K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate).
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
Q_: the cutting depth for each timepositive and incrementalminus mark will be
ignored
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).
The machining process of hole is shown in Fig.4-25. What's different from G73 is the tool
will retract to plane R every time after the intermittent feed. The here is the distance between
the boundary point where tool falling changes from G00 to Gxx and the lowest point of last time
cutting. This distance is set through parameter G73_G83 and it is very useful especially when
the hole is rather deep.

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G98

G99
(X, Y) Initial point

(X, Y) Initial point

Point P

Point R

: parameter setting
D w ellP(s)

Point Z

Fig. 4-30

Point Z
: parameter setting
D w ellP(s)

G83 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the specified hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to drill down Q distance corresponding to the present depth;
4. Use G00 to rise point R;
5. Use G00 to go down the depth which is higher than the present drilling position;
6. Use G01 to drill down Q distance corresponding to the present depth;
7. Use G00 to rise to point R of workpiece surface;
8. Repeat above drilling operations until reaching point Z at the bottom of the hole;
9. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99).
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
M03 Drill starts to rotate forward

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G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, each time cutting rate is 3.0, cutting speed is 800
G83 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. Q3. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05

Drill stops

M02

Taping Cycle G84

This command cannot be supported at the moment.

Command Form: G84 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_
Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate).
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming) (directional).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole and has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode)

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G98

G99
(X,Y) Initial point

(X,Y)

Initial point

R otate forw ard after dw ell P(s)

R otate everse after dw ell P(s)

R otate forw ard after dw ell P(s)

R everse after dw ell P(s)

Fig. 4-31 G84 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of Machining, use G00 to move to the specified hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to tap down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Drill rotates reverse after dwell P;
5. Use G01 to rise to point R;
6. Drill rotates forward after dwell P;
7. Use G00 to rise to the initial point (G98) or point R (G99).
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03 Start drill to rotate forward
G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, dwell 2s, and tapping speed is 800
G84 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. P2000 F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05 Drill stops

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M02

Drilling Cycle G85

Command Form: G85 X_Y_Z_R_F_K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate).
Z_: the position of point Z (absolute programming); the distance from point R to point Z at
the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming)
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode)

G98

G99
(X, Y) Initial point

(X, Y) Initial point

R

R
Z

Fig. 4-32

G85 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to the point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Use G01 to rise to point R.
5. Use G00 to rise to initial point (G98) or point R (G99)
Programming Example:
F1200. S600

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G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03 Start drill to rotate forward
G90 G99 Specify the coordinates of point R, point Z and
hole 1, and the machining speed is 800
G85 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05 Drill stops
M02

High Speed Drilling Cycle G86

Command Form: G86 X_Y_Z_R_F_K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate).
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).

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G98

G99
(X, Y) Initial point

(X, Y) Initial point

D rillstartto rotate
R

R
D rillstartto rotate

Z
D rillstops

D rillstops

Fig. 4-33

G86 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Drill stops;
5. Use G00 to rise to initial point (G98) or point R (G99);
6. Drill rotates.
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03 Start drill to rotate CW
G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, and the drilling speed is 800
G85 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to initial point

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G80
M05 Srill stops
M02

Fine Boring Cycle of Back Side G87

This command cannot be supported at the moment.

Command Form: G87 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_K_
Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate).
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
Q_: tools displacement at the bottom of the hole positive and incrementalminus mark
will be ignored
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole and has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).

G98

OSS

Initial point

R otate C W
OSS
D w ellP(s)
R otate C W
Fig. 4-34

Z point

R point

G87 Machining Process

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Tool

OSS
(Oriented Spindle Stop)
Fig. 4-35

offset

Oriented Spindle Stop (OSS) PIC

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. After OSS stops, offset the tool Q distance in the reverse direction which is specified by
parameter 4020;
3. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R, and offset the tool Q distance;
4. Drill rotates CW;
5. Use G01 to rise to point Z;
6. Offset the tool Q distance in the reverse direction after dwell P;
7. Use G00 to rise to the initial point;
8. Offset the tool Q distance after drill rotates CW.

Alarm
Q is a Modal Value requested in G76 cycle we must specify this Q value
carefully because it is also use in G73/G83.
OSS(Oriented Spindle Stop) direction is decided by parameter No. 4020
Form 4-5
Oriented spindle stop

G17

G18

G19

+X

+Z

+Y

-X

OSS

-Z

-Y

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+Y

+X

-Y

-X

+Z
-Z

Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03

Drill to rotate CW before command G87

G90 G98 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z

and hole 1, Displacement is 5.0, dwell time is 4.0s, and boring
speed is 800
G87 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. Q5. P4000 F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05 Drill stops
M02

Boring Cycle G88

This command cannot be supported at the moment.

Command Form: G88 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_
Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole and has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.

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F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).

G98

G99
(X,Y) Initial point
D rill rotate C W
R point

(X,Y) Initial point

R point
D rill rotate C W

Z point

Z point
D rill stops after dw ell P(s)

D rill stops after dw ell P(s)

Fig. 4-36

G88 Machining Process

Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Drill stops after dwell P(s);
5. Use G01 to move to point R;
6. Use G00 to rise to initial point (G98) or point R (G99);
7. Drill rotates CW.
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03 Drill starts to rotate CW
G90 G99 Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z and
hole 1, dwell 2(s), boring speed is 800

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G88 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. P2000 F800

X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05 Drill stops
M02
Boring Cycle of Dwell on the Hole Bottom G89

Command Form: G89 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_

Description:
X_Y_: hole position data (absolute/incremental coordinate)
Z_: the position of point Z of hole bottom (absolute programming); the distance from point
R to point Z at the bottom of the hole (incremental programming).
R_: the position of point R (absolute programming); the distance from the initial point to
point R (incremental programming).
P_: specify the dwell time at the bottom of the hole and has the same time unit with P in
G04, ms, with no decimal point.
F_: feed speed, this command is modal, even if cancel the canned cycle, it is still effective
at the subsequent machining.
K_: number of repeated times (repeated movement and drilling, effective under G91
incremental mode).

G98

G99
(X,Y) Initial point

(X,Y) Initial point

R point

R point

Z point

Z point

D w ellP(s)
Fig. 4-37

D w ellP(s)
G89 Machining Process

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Description:
1. At the beginning of the machining, use G00 to move to the hole position (X, Y);
2. Use G00 to go down to the specified point R;
3. Use G01 to go down to point Z at the bottom of the hole;
4. Dwell time P;
5. Use G01 to rise to point R;
6. Use G00 to rise to initial point (G98) or point R (G99)
Programming Example:
F1200. S600
G90
G00 X0. Y0. Z10. Move to the initial point
G17
M03 Start drill CW
G90 G99m Specify the coordinate of point R, point Z
and hole 1, dwell 2.5(s), machining speed is 800
G89 X5. Y5. Z-10. R-5. P2500 F800
X25. hole 2
Y25. hole 3
G98 X5. hole 4, and set to return to the initial point
G80
M05 Drill stops
M02

Special Canned Cycle

Instruction:
Unit of length: millimeter (mm)
Unit of angle: degree
1 meter=1000mm, one circle= 360 degree
Special canned cycle instructions (G34-37) must cooperate with the standard canned cycle

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instructions (G73-89).
For example:
G81 Z-20 R-5 F100 K0
G34 X10 Y10 I10 J90 K10
Standard canned cycle instructions must be given out before special canned cycle
instructions; when execution of canned cycle instruction has been finished, the standard canned
cycle instruction remains effective until canceled.
For example:
G81 Z-20 R-5 F100 K0 specify the cycle motion
G34 X10 Y10 I10 J90 K10 hole
total 10 holes
X100
previous G34

drilling

along

circle,

go on drilling one hole, not influenced by

If there is no standard canned cycle instruction when executing special canned cycle
instruction, the system will report error.
If executing the instructions as below:
G0 X0 Y0 Z0
G34 X10 Y10 I10 J90 K10

Prompt for error will come out:

The correct form should be:

G0 X0 Y0 Z0
G81 Z-20 R-5 F100 K0
G34 X10 Y10 I10 J90 K10

Circle Drilling Cycle G34

Command Form: G34 Xx Yy Ir J Kn

Description:

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Drill holes of specified number along circle.

X, Y: Center position of the circle drilling cycle, G90/91 has impact on it.
I: Circle radius r.
J: Angle between the first drilling hole and X-axis.
K: Number of holes. The number must be within -9999~9999. If the number is 0, error
report will be shown out. If the number is greater than 0, hole drilling is clock-wise, and if the
number is smaller than 0, hole drilling is counter-clockwise.
Drill N holes on one circle with center X, Y and radius r, the included angle is between
drilling point of the first hole and the direction of X-axis, drilling speed of moving between the
holes use G0 speed.

Fig. 4-38

Angular Straight Drilling Cycle G35

Command Form: G35 Xx Yy Id J Kn

Description:
Drill along the linear direction which has one certain included angle with X-axis.
X, Y: Starting position, G90/91 has impact on it.
I: Distance (d) between two holes. If it is minus, drilling holes in symmetry direction.
J: Angle , specify linear direction of the hole in.
K: number of holes. The number must be within -9999~9999. If the number is 0, error
report will be shown out. If the number is minus, drilling is in the reverse direction.
Start from (X,Y), interval distance is d, and drill N holes with same interval distance in the

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linear direction which has one certain included angle with X-axis, move between the holes by G0
speed.

Fig. 4-39

Arc Drilling Cycle G36

Command Form: G36 Xx Yy Ir J P Kn

Description:
Drill along circle with same distance, and specify the included angle between two holes.
X, Y: Center coordinate of the arc drilling cycle, G90/91 has impact on it.
I: Circle radius r.
J: Angle between the first drilling hole and X-axis.
K: Number of holes. The number must be within -9999~9999. If the number is 0, error
report will be shown out. If the number is bigger than 0, hole drilling will be clock-wise, and if
the number is smaller than 0, hole drilling will be counter-clockwise.
Drill N holes on a circle with center X, Y and radius r, the included angle is between the
first drilling point of and X-axis, the angle between two holes is , move between the holes by
G0 speed.
The only difference of this instruction from G34 is the included angle specified between
two holes.

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Fig. 4-40

Chessboard Hole Cycle G37

Command Form: G37 Xx Yy Ix Pnx Jy Kny

Description:
Chessboard hole cycle.
X, Y: Coordinates of starting point, G90/91 has impact on it.
I: Hole interval on x-axis.
P

Number of holes along direction of X-axis.

J: Hole interval on Y-axis.

K: Numbers of hole along direction of Y-axis.
Start from (X, Y), dill holes of P*K number in X-Y plane, distance between two holes on
direction of X-axis is x; distance between two holes on direction of Y-axis is y, and move
between holes by G0 Speed.

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Fig. 4-41 Demonstration for Chess Hole Cycle Drilling

Customize the Canned Cycle

User can customize M command and G command by programming subprogram in
public.dat.
Subprogram no. 200~999 is used for internal parse engine. The code range of M command
is 200~599, while the G command is 600~999.
So G command 0~99 adding 600 is regarded as the corresponding subprogram.
Programming Example:
37 10
cross hole
=10

Fig. 4-42

Canned Cycle

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Machining Repeatedly
Take the repeated canned cycle to drill holes shown in Error: Reference source not found
Program List:
N01 G90 X0. Y0. Z100.
N02 G00 X-50. Y51.963 M03 S800
N03 Z20. M08 F4000
N04 G91 G81 X20. Z-18. F4000 R-17. L4
N05 X10. Y-17.321
N06 X-20. L4
N07 X-10. Y-17.321
N08 X20. L5
N09 X10. Y-17.321
N10 X-20. L6
N11 X10. Y-17.321
N12 X20. L5
N13 X-10. Y-17.321
N14 X-20 L4
N15 X10 Y-17.321
N16 X20. L3
N17 G80 M09
N18 G90 G00 Z100.
N19 X0. Y0. M05
N20 M30

4.4 Advanced Function.

Subroutine Call Instruction G65

Command Form: G65 P_ L_

Description:
P: to specify the sequence number or the name of a subprogram to be called.

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L: times of executing the subprogram.

P is used to specify the sequence number or the name of a subprogram to be called in a
macroprogram. The subprogram will be executed L times. The default value of L is 1.
Regarding user macroprogram, you can define the independent variable if necessary.
Machine tool designer or user can write some particular programs with a group of
commands in Public.dat, and call them with instruction G65 and execute them.
These special programs are defined as public subprograms which have the same format with
subprogram.

Fig. 4-43
Shown in Fig. 4 -43

Subprogram Call Instruction G65

is the following instruction after subprogram P9002 has been called

and executed 2 times.

New function of naming the subprogram is available when you write subprogram, for
example O"SubProgName", G65 P"SubProgName" L1, which is convenient for user to
remember.

Forced Feedrate Instruction G903

Command Form: G903

Description:
This instruction can force the machine tool to use 100% feedrate whatever value the user set
for feedrate. It is often utilized in functions of backing to the reference point and tool calibration
to make sure the accuracy.
The instruction is non-modal instruction, and can be used together with G00, G01, G02, and

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G03.
Programming Example:
G905 G903 G01 X10 Y20 Z0 F600 Force F (feedrate) to
be 600 mm/min

Conditional Movement Instruction G904.

Command Form: G904 FX_PX_ LX_ FY_PY_LY_ FZ_PZ_LZ_ X_Y_Z_

Description:
FX_,FY_,FZ_ The moving speed and direction of axis X, Y and Z.
PX_,PY_,PZ_ Need to detect the signal port no. of axis X, Y and Z.
LX_,LY_,LZ_ Signal state being waited by axis X, Y, and Z to stop their movement. (1.
Appear, 0. Disappear)
X_, Y_, Z_: Specify the longest moving distance.
Unnecessary axis can be omitted. Once any axis is set, the instructions other than X_, Y_,
and Z_ must be complemented.

Forced Feedrate Instruction G905

Command Form: G905

Description:
Stop using the default speed, and take the speed specified by instruction F.
When under the state of using the default speed, this instruction can disable the default
speed and force to use the speed specified by this instruction. It is often used in functions of
backing to the reference point and calibration, and so on.
This instruction is non-modal and often used together with motion instructions
G00 G01 G02 G03.
Programming Example:
G905 G903 G01 X10 Y20 Z0 F600 Force F to be 600
mm/min.

Synchronization Instruction G906

Command Form: G906 PLC [PLCADDRESS] LEVEL_ P_

Description:

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PLC [PLCADDRESS]: Port PLC address, PLC [PLCADDRESS] or PLC=Integer

Expression (which indicates the interior address PLC).
LEVEL _: Port Value (0/1)
P _: Wait time, unit millisecond.
This instruction is used for synchronization. That is to say, wait for synchronization of
various parameters and then go on the following operation.
Synchronous instruction must be firstly executed to synchronize the parameters before
using the interior system parameters or instructions which refer to modify system parameters and
their states, such as G902, M902, and so on.
The expanded function of G906 is to detect timeout of the specified port. In the mean time,
it also supports the previous synchronization function. Regarding synchronization function, it
takes along with no parameters. But referring to port timeout detect, programming must comply
with the following format:
G906 PLC [04] LEVEL1 P1000; Wait until PLC port 04 is
in state 1 and exit after timeout 1000 milliseconds.

Move In the Shortest Track Instruction G907

Command Form: G907

Description:
Move in the shortest track under rotating spindle mode. This instruction can only be
available under rotating spindle mode.

Force to Program in Unit of Angle G908

Command Form: G908

Description:
Force to do programming in the unit of angle under the rotating spindle mode. This
instruction can only be available under rotating spindle mode.

String Information Instruction M801

Command Form: M801_

Description:
This instruction is used for transferring message between modules.

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Programming Example:
M801 Hello; to transfer hello

Integer Message Instruction M802

Command Form: M802 Pxxxx

Description:
This instruction is used to transfer integer message.
xxxx: integer message to transfer.
For Example:
M802 P196609
M802 P196608

to close the buffer zone

to open the buffer zone

M802 P131072

to shield the position limit

M802 P131073

to restore the position limit

M802 P458752

to clear external offset

Direct Output Instruction M901

Command Form: PLC [PLCADDRESS] LEVEL_

Description:
PLC [PLCADDRESS]: Port PLC address, PLC [PLCADDRESS] or PLC = Integer
Expression (Which indicates PLC interior address)
LEVEL_: Port value (0/1)
Programming Example:
M901 PLC [04] LEVEL1; assign 1 to the port 04 (PLC
address)

Back to Reference Point Finish Instruction M902

Command Form: M902 Ha

Description
a: axis address, 0-3 is respectively corresponding to X,Y, Z, and A.
Programming Example:
M902 H0: It indicates X-axis has finished backing to

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the reference point. The current position of the machine tool is

set as 0.

4.5

Expressions Used in Program Instructions.

Current Definition for Expression:
All positions behind the address symbols that are taken up by numbers now can be replaced

by assignment expressions.
No characters of space type are allowed to exist in the expression, such as Space, Tab and
Enter. Whats more, expression must be ended with valid separator.

Definition for Assignment Expression:

Assignment expression begins with equal mark, and then follows with arithmetic
expression. Arithmetic expression can be constituted by various operators, functions, variables,
bracket, and so on.
The operators available now can be divided into seven ranges based on the priority:
1. addition +, subtraction
2. multiplication *, division /
3. power ^
4. greater than >, lesser than <
5. Non !
6. symbol -, bracket (), absolute value ||
7. variable or function
Following are the mathematics function available now:
Form 4-6
Function

Meaning

Sin

sine

Cos

cosine

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exp

exponent

sqrt

square root

log

natural logarithm

tg

tangent

ctg

cotangent

asin

arcsine

acos

arc cosine

atg

arc tangent

int

integer downward

abs

absolute value

Note:
numbers in the brackets which are behind
sin cos tg ctg asin acos atg represent radian.
For example: sin (5), 5 represents radian.
Application of Expression in Program Instructions:
Instance one: G=1+2; That is G3
Instance two: G00 X3 Y5 Z=5+sin (5+abs (-8)); Assign
5+sin (5+abs (-8)) to Z
Instance three: #1=4+log6
G01 X2 Y=#; Assign 4+log6 to Y

4.6

Comments in Program
Comment in program is applied with single quotation mark:
end-of-line pattern, content behind the single quotation mark does not function.
For example:

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G00 X3 Y5

Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

Rapidly move to X3 Y5

The content behind the single quotation mark can only act as comment and will not be
executed when you run the program.

4.7 Demonstration for Machining File Programming

Example 1 Programming for the Workpiece Shown in Fig. 4 -44

Fig. 4-44

Workpiece Machining Sketch

N01 G92 X0 Y0 Z0 Set work coordinates system

N02 G91 G00 X50 Y50 M03 S600 M08
Use incremental coordinates, rapidly move to X50 Y50,
spindle rotates forward at 600r/min, and coolant opens.
N03 G43 Z-17 H01 Z-axis rapidly moves down 17mm, and
start length compensation.
N04 G01 Z-16 F400
along Z-axis downwards 16mm.

linear interpolation at 400mm/min,

N05 G04 P2000 pause 2s

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N06 G00 Z16

Z-axis rapidly goes up 16mm

N07 X50 Y10

X-axis
rapidly
moves
in
positive
direction 50mm, Y-axis rapidly moves in positive direction 10mm.
N08 G01 Z-25 Linear interpolation along Z-axis moving
downwards 25mm.
N09 G04 P2000 pause 2s.
N10 G00 Z25

Z-axis rapidly moves upwards 25mm.

N11 X-20 Y-40 X-axis rapidly moves in reverse

direction 20mm, Y-axis rapidly moves in reverse direction 40mm.
N12 G01 Z-40
downwards 40mm.
N13 G00 Z57

Linear interpolation for Z-axis moving

Z-axis rapidly moves upwards 57mm.

N14 G49 X-80 Y-20 M05 M09 M30

Cancel length compensation, X-axis moves reverse
80mm, Y-axis moves reverse 20mm, stop spindle, close cool pump,
and return to program start point when execution finished.
Example 2 Programming for the Workpiece is shown in Fig.4-40

Fig. 4-45
N01 G92 X0 Y0 Z0

Workpiece Machining Picture

set workpiece coordinates system

N02 G90 G41 G00 X45 Y15 D01 M03 S600 M08 Use absolute
coordinates, radius compensation for cutter, rapidly move to X45,
Y15, spindle rotates forward at 600r/min, and open cool pump.
N03 G17 G02 X45 Y65 I0 J25 F700
Circular interpolation till X45, Y65, radius 25mm,
feed speed 700mm/min.
N04 G01 X135 Y65

linear

interpolation

till

X135,

Y65

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N05 G17 G02 X135 Y15 I0 J-25

till X135, Y15, radius 25mm
N06 G01 X45 Y15

Circular

interpolation

Linear interpolation to X45, Y15

N07 G00 G40 X0 Y0 M05 M09 M30

cancel cutter radius compensation, rapidly move to
X0,Y0, stop spindle, close cool pump, and return to program start
point when execution finished.
Example 3 Programming for the Workpiece Shown in Fig. 4 -46

Fig. 4-46
N01 G92 X0 Y0 Z0

Workpiece Machining Picture

Set workpiece coordinates system

N02 G91 G41 G00 X40 Y30 D01 M03 S600 M08
Use incremental coordinates, radius compensation
for cutter, rapidly move to X40, Y30, spindle rotates in positive
direction at 600r/min, and open cool pump.
N03 G17 G01 X0 Y70 F800 Linear interpolation till
X135,Y65 feed speed 800mm/min.
N04 G02 X20 Y20 I20 J0 circular interpolation till
X60, Y120, radius 20mm.
N05 G01 X40
direction of X-axis.
N06 Y-50
of Y-axis.

linear

interpolation

40mm

in

positive

linear interpolate 50mm in reverse direction

N07 X40
direction of X-axis.

linear

interpolation

40mm

in

positive

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N08 Y50
linear
direction of Y-axis.

interpolate

N09 X70
linear
direction of X-axis.

interpolation

N10 Y-40
direction of Y-axis.

linear

interpolate

50mm

70mm

40mm

in

positive

in

positive

in

reverse

N11 G03 X-50 Y-50 I0 J-50 counter circular interpolate

till X160, Y30, radius 50mm.
N12 G01 X-120
linear
reverse direction of X-axis.

interpolate

120mm

along

N13 G00 G40 X-40 Y-30 M05 M09 M30

cancel cutter radius compensation, rapidly move to
X0,Y0, stop spindle, close cool pump, and
return to program
start point when execution finished.
Example 4 Programming for the Work Shown in Fig. 4 -47 (counter tapping to the
workpiece)

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65

R 5
15

65

15

80

28

Fig. 4-47

Workpiece Machining Sketch

N01 G92 X0 Y0 Z0 Set workpiece coordinates system

N02 G91 G00 X-35 Y15 M04 S600 M08
Use incremental coordinates, rapidly move to X-35,
Y15, spindle rotates reverse at 600r/min, and open the cool pump.
N03 G43 G00 Z0 H01

length compensate for tool.

N04 G74 X50 Y0 Z-28 R-5 P1000 F1000 L2

Counter tapping at 1000mm/min, tapping depth 28mm,
pause 1s at the hole bottom, repeat twice.
N05 G00 X-50 Y50 Rapidly move to X15, Y65, and start
tapping.
N06 G00 X50

rapidly

move

to

X65,

Y65,

and

start

tapping.
N07 G80

Cancel hole machining

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N08 G00 X-65 Y-65

Rapidly move to X0, Y0

N09 G49 M05 M09 M30

Cancel
length
compensation,
stop spindle, close cool pump, and return to the program start
point after execution finished.
Example 5 Programming for the Workpiece Shown in

Fig. 4 -49

(requirement: feed

along Z-axis at 2mm each time)

N01 G92 X0 Y0 Z0 Set workpiece coordinates system
N02 G91 M03 S800 M08
Use incremental coordinates,
spindle rotates forward at 800r/min, and open the cool pump.
N03 G65 P9001 L6
repeatedly for six times,

Call subprogram 9001 and execute

N04 G00 Z12 M05 M09 M30

stop spindle, and return to the
execution finished.
O9001

Rapidly move to X0,Y0,Z0,

program start point when

Subprogram 9001

N100 G00 X10 Y0 Z-2 Rapidly move to X10, Y0, Z-2

N110 G01 Y60 F1000
Y60, feed speed 1000mm/min.

Linear interpolation till X10,

N120 X50

Linear interpolation till X60, Y60

N130 Y-50

Linear interpolation till X60, Y10

N140 X-60

Linear interpolation till X0, Y10

N150 G00 Y-10

N160 M17

Rapidly move toX0, Y0

Subprogram return

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Y
R 14

60

10

60

10

14

Fig. 4-48 Workpiece Machining Sketch Fig. 4-49

Workpiece Machining

Sketch
Example 6 Programming for the Workpiece Shown in Fig. 4 -49
N01 G92 X10 Y0 Z0 Set workpiece Coordinates system
N02 G91 G00 X-10 D01 M03 S1000 M08
Use incremental coordinates, and spindle rotates
forward at 1000r/min, and opens the cool pump.
N03 G00 Y14 Z-16 Rapidly move to X0 Y14 Z-16.
N04 G02 X0 Y0 I14 J0 F600 Start circle interpolation,
feed speed 600mm/min.
N05 G01 X1 Z1 F600
Linear interpolation, advance 1mm
along both X-axis and Z-axis.
N06 G02 X0 Y0 I13 J0 F600
N07 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N08 G02 X0 Y0 I12 J0 F600
N09 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N10 G02 X0 Y0 I11 J0 F600
N11 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N12 G02 X0 Y0 I10 J0 F600

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N13 G01 X1 Z1 F600

N14 G02 X0 Y0 I9 J0 F600
N15 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N16 G02 X0 Y0 I8 J0 F600
N17 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N18 G02 X0 Y0 I7 J0 F600
N19 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N20 G02 X0 Y0 I6 J0 F600
N21 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N22 G02 X0 Y0 I5 J0 F600
N23 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N24 G02 X0 Y0 I4 J0 F600
N25 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N26 G02 X0 Y0 I3 J0 F600
N27 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N28 G02 X0 Y0 I2 J0 F600
N29 G01 X1 Z1 F600
N30 G02 X0 Y0 I1 J0 F600
N31 G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z0 M05 M09 M30
Rapidly move to X0, Y0, Z0, Stop spindle, close cool
pump, and return to the program start point when execution
finished.

4.8

G Command Appendix
Form of G Command Appendix is show as below:

Name

command

Name

command

G00

Rapid linear Positioning

G65

Subprogram call

G01

Linear

G68

Rotation function on

interpolation,

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cutting feed
G02

Circular

interpolation

G69

Rotation function off

interpolation

G70

Input in inch

(clockwise)
G03

Circular

(counterclockwise)
G04

Dwell time

G71

G17

XY plane selection

G73

Input in mm
High

speed

reciprocating

chipbreaking drilling cycle for deep

hole
G18

ZX plane selection

G74

G19

YZ plane selection

G76

G20

Input in inch

G80

Cancel canned cycle

G81

Normal drilling cycle

G82

Drilling cycle of dwell on the hole

G21

Input in mm

G28

Return

to

reference

position
G34

Left tapping cycle

Fine boring cycle

bottom

Cycle drilling cycle

G83

Reciprocating chipbreaking drilling

cycle for deep hole

G35

Angular line drilling cycle

G84

Tapping cycle

G36

Arc drilling cycle

G85

Drilling cycle

G37

Chessboard hole cycle

G86

High speed drilling cycle

G40

Cancel

radius

G87

Fine boring cycle of back side

radius

G88

Boring cycle

cutter

compensation
G41

Left

cutter

compensation

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G42

Right

Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

cutter

radius

G89

compensation
G43

Tool

length

Boring cycle of dwell on the hole

bottom

positive

G90

Absolute coordinate programming

negative

G91

Incremental coordinate programming

length

G92

Setting of WCS

compensation
G44

Tool

length

compensation
G49

Cancel

tool

compensation
G50

Scaling off

G98

Return to initial point

G51

Scaling on

G99

Return to point R

G50.1

Mirror image off

G903

Forced feedrate command

G51.1

Mirror image on

G904

Conditional movement command

G53

MCS selection

G905

Forces feedrate command

G54

WCS 1 selection

G906

Synchronization command

G55

WCS 2 selection

G907

Move along the shortest path

G56

WCS 3 selection

G908

Force to program in unit of angle

G57

WCS 4 selection

G921

Specify coordinate value of current

point based on current WCS

G58

WCS 5 selection

G922

Specify the origin of WCS (including

external offset)

G59

WCS 6 selection

G992

Setting of temporary WCS

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5 Naming Parameters
For common user, the machining workpiece operations and other basic operations provided
by the system can meet their demands, such as: tool calibration, center calibration, canned cycle,
etc.
While for the advanced user who needs to modify some operating details, write operating
programs and customize canned cycles, the system provides a group of fast and convenient
naming parameters with them. With these parameters, it is not only convenient for user to
modify, write operation programs in public.dat file, and customize the content of canned cycle to
meet the machining demand, but also convenient for writing programs based on the program edit
operation interface.

Example 1, Use the naming parameter to compile a subprogram of tool coolant and tool
change, programming as below:
O1000

subprogram of tool coolant and tool

change.
M901 H=#COOLANT_START_PORT P1
G04 P10
IF(#ENABLE_CTP)
Y=#CTP_POSY Z=#CTP_POSZ
G00 G90 Z10

G53
G00
G90
X=#CTP_POS
X
move to the position of tool change.

or lifting the cutter directly for tool

change
M05
M17
Example 2, Use the naming parameter to modify the content of G86 canned cycle
(parameter with retraction existed; the canned cycle G86 provided by system hasnt been
specified its retraction)
O686
#FC50=#CANNEDCYCLE_BACK

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IF (! #FC13) G90 G65 P786

IF (#FC13) G91 G65 P786 L=#FC11
M17

O786
G00 X=#FC1 Y=#FC2
G90 G00 Z=#FC4
G90 G01 Z=#FC4-ABS (#FC5) F=#FC7
G65 P886 L=INT(ABS(#FC4-#FC3 /ABS #FC5 -1
G90 G01 Z=#FC3 F=#FC7
M05
G90 G00 Z=#FC4
IF (!#FC12)G90 G00 Z=#FC14
M03
IF (#FC13) G91
M17

O886
G91 G00 Z=#FC50
G91 G00 Z=-#FC50
G91 G01 Z=-ABS (#FC5) F=#FC7
M17
The variables defined in the canned cycle and their meanings
X--#FC1----X-coordinate of the hole center
Y--#FC2---- Y-coordinate of the hole center
Z--#FC3----workpiece coordinate of Z plane ( hole depth, negative)
R--#FC4---- workpiece coordinate of R plane (changing from the rapid traverse speed to the
cutting speed in R plane, >0)
Q--#FC5---- each time cutting depth (incremental and positive); it represents offset value in

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G76/G87
G99/G98--#FC12---G99->1; G98->0
G90/G91--#FC13---G91->1; G90->0
Z0--#FC14---Initial point height
The list of naming parameters is shown blow:
No.
01

Parameter
CURMACHPOS.X

Parameter Name
Mechanical coordinate of

Type
DOUBLE

current point (X axis)

02

CURMACHPOS.Y

Mechanical coordinate of

CURMACHPOS.Z

Mechanical coordinate of

DOUBLE

CURWORKPOS.X

Workpiece coordinate of

DOUBLE

CURWORKPOS.Y

Workpiece coordinate of

DOUBLE

CURWORKPOS.Z

Workpiece coordinate of

Workpiece coordinate of
current point (X axis)

DOUBLE

current point (Y axis)

06

Mechanical coordinate of
current point (Z axis)

current point (X axis)

05

Mechanical coordinate of
current point (Y axis)

current point (Z axis)

04

Mechanical coordinate of
current point (X axis)

current point (Y axis)

03

Remarks

Workpiece coordinate of
current point (Y axis)

DOUBLE

current point (Z axis)

Workpiece coordinate of
current point (Z axis)

07

INPORTMAP

Mapping of port input

INT

Status of port input

08

OUTPORTMAP

Mapping of port output

INT

Status of port output

09

SAFEHEIGHT

Safe height

DOUBLE

This height is corresponding

to the workpiece origin, and
only available during backing
to the origin and resuming
breakpoint.

10

ISYREVAXIS

Y axis is the swivel axis

BOOL

Whether to set Y as swivel

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axis
11

WPREVDIAM

Diameter of swivel

DOUBLE

workpiece

Diameter of swivel workpiece

under the current machining
mode

12

UNIT.YR

Programming unit of

INT

swivel axis

0:angle(unit: radian)
1:distance between the two
point on the surface of swivel
workpiece (unit: millimeter)

13

AUTOSTOPSPINDL

Stop spindle when press

down the stop button

BOOL

Whether to stop rotating

spindle automatically after
machining ended.

14

SPINDLE_DELAY

Delay off when spindle

DOUBLE

starts/stops

Set the delay time when

spindle starts/ stops
automatically.

15

16

MOBICALI_THICK

The thickness of mobile

NESS

tool calibration clump

FIXEDCALI_POS.X

The position of fixed tool

DOUBLE

Set the thickness of mobile

tool calibration clump

DOUBLE

calibration clump(X-axis)

The mechanical coordinate of

the position where fixed tool
calibration clump stands (Xaxis)

17

FIXEDCALI_POS.Y

The position of fixed tool

DOUBLE

calibration clump(Y-axis)

The mechanical coordinate of

the position where fixed tool
calibration clump stands (Yaxis)

18

FIXEDCALI_POS.Z

The position of fixed tool

DOUBLE

calibration clump(Z-axis)

The mechanical coordinate of

the position where fixed tool
calibration clump stands (Zaxis)

19

ENABLE_CTP

Effective when backing to

BOOL

Back to this position after

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a fixed point
20

CTP_POS.X

The position of a fixed

program ends normally.

DOUBLE

point (X axis
21

CTP_POS.Y

The position of a fixed

fixed point X axis

DOUBLE

point (Y axis
22

CTP_POS.Z

The position of a fixed

BKREF_SW1.X

Port no. input of X-axis

Mechanical coordinate of a
fixed point Y axis

DOUBLE

point Z axis
23

Mechanical coordinate of a

Mechanical coordinate of a
fixed point Z axis

INT

coarse positioning

The signal port input of Xaxis coarse positioning switch

switch
24

BKREF_SW1.Y

Port no. input of Y-axis

INT

coarse positioning

The signal port input of Y-axis

coarse positioning switch

switch
25

BKREF_SW1.Z

Port no. input of Z-axis

INT

coarse positioning

The signal port input of Z-axis

coarse positioning switch

switch
26

BKREF_SW2.X

Port no. input of X-axis

INT

fine positioning switch

27

BKREF_SW2.Y

Port no. input of Y-axis

axis fine positioning switch

INT

fine positioning switch

28

BKREF_SW2.Z

Port no. input of Z-axis

BKREF_F1.X

The speed at the coarse

positioning phase(X-axis)

The signal port input of Y-axis

fine positioning switch

INT

fine positioning switch

29

The signal port input of X-

The signal port input of Z-axis

fine positioning switch

DOUBLE

The feed speed of X-axis in

coarse positioning phase when
backing to the reference point.

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30

BKREF_F1.Y

Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

The speed at the coarse

DOUBLE

positioning phase(Y-axis)

The feed speed of Y-axis in

coarse positioning phase when
backing to the reference point.

31

BKREF_F1.Z

The speed at the coarse

DOUBLE

positioning phase(Z-axis)

The feed speed of Z-axis in

coarse positioning phase
when backing to the reference
point.

32

BKREF_F1_DIR.X

The direction in coarse

INT

positioning phase(X-axis)

The moving direction of Xaxis in coarse positioning

phase when backing to the
reference point.

33

BKREF_F1_DIR.Y

The direction in coarse

INT

positioning phase(Y-axis)

The moving direction of Yaxis in coarse positioning

phase when backing to the
reference point.

34

BKREF_F1_DIR.Z

The direction in coarse

INT

positioning phase(Z-axis)

The moving direction of Zaxis in coarse positioning

phase when backing to the
reference point.

35

BKREF_F2.X

The speed of X-axis at the

DOUBLE

fine positioning phase

The feed speed of X-axis in

fine positioning phase when
backing to the reference point.

36

BKREF_F2.Y

The speed of Y-axis at the

DOUBLE

fine positioning phase

The feed speed of Y-axis in

fine positioning phase when
backing to the reference point.

37

BKREF_F2.Z

The speed of Z-axis at the

DOUBLE

fine positioning phase

The feed speed of Z-axis in

fine positioning phase when
backing to the reference point.

38

BKREF_F2_DIR.X

The direction of X-axis at

the fine positioning phase

INT

The moving direction of Xaxis in fine positioning phase

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when backing to the reference

point.
39

BKREF_F2_DIR.Y

The direction of Y-axis at

INT

the fine positioning phase

The moving direction of Yaxis in fine positioning phase

when backing to the reference
point.

40

BKREF_F2_DIR.Z

The direction of Z-axis at

INT

the fine positioning phase

The moving direction of Zaxis in fine positioning phase

when backing to the reference
point.

41

BKREF_BACK.X

The retract distance of X-

DOUBLE

axis

The additional moving

distance of X-axis after fine
positioning phase during
backing to the reference point.

42

BKREF_BACK.Y

The retract distance of Y-

DOUBLE

axis

The additional moving

distance of Y-axis after fine
positioning phase during
backing to the reference point.

43

BKREF_BACK.Z

The retract distance of Z-

DOUBLE

axis

The additional moving

distance of Z-axis after fine
positioning phase during
backing to the reference point.

44

FIXEDCALI_SW

Port no. input of fixed tool

INT

calibration clump signal.

45

46

MOBICALI_SW

CALIBRATION_SW

Port no. input of mobile

Specify port no. input of fixed

tool calibration clump signal

INT

Specify port no. input of

tool calibration clump

mobile tool calibration clump

signal

signal

Port no. input of tool

calibration signal

INT

Specify port no. input of tool

calibration signal

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47

SPINDLE_START_P

Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

Port no. output of spindle

INT

ORT
48

COOLANT_START_
PORT

Specify port no. output of

signal for spindle on/off

Output port no. for

INT

coolant liquid pump

Specify the output port no. of

signal for coolant liquid pump
on/off

49

DD_BKREF_DELTA

MO difference between

DOUBLE

double-driving shaft

The difference between the

double-driving shafts when
they arrive the machine origin

(MO: Mechanical Origin)

after the adjustment of the

transom (Y-axis), (only used
in the double-driving shaft
configuration)
50

FIXEDCYCLE_BAC

G73_G83 retract value

DOUBLE

The retraction after each time

feed when using High speed
chipbreaking drilling cycle

51

FIXEDCYCLE_OSS

The direction where

INT

G76_G87 directional drill

Orientation of the direction is

only effective within X-Y

stops

plane (G17)
0/1:(G17:+X/-X)
2/3:(G17:+Y/-Y)

52

FIXEDCALI_REC

Z-axis workpiece

DOUBLE

Record the Z-axis workpiece

coordinate of fixed tool

coordinate of tool tip when it

calibration

touches the fixed tool

calibration clump.

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6 Customize the Extended Command

M
User can customize command M and G by programming subprograms in public.dat.
Subprogram no. 200~999 is used for internal interpreter engine. The code range of
command M is 200~599, while the command G is 600~999. So command M 0~99 plus 200 is
regarded as the corresponding subprogram. G command 0~99 plus 600 is also regarded as the
corresponding subprogram.
Program for Custom M Command Extended:
The motion is required when setting spindle rotation
speed (such as gear change, etc.), and can use conditional
statement if
O202
M17 spindle rotates CW (only one direction supported)
O203
M901 H2 P1
G04 P5
M17
supported)

spindle

rotates

CCW

(only

one

direction

O204
M901 H2 P1
G04 P5
M17 spindle stops rotating
O205
M901 H2 P0
G04 P5
M17

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coolant on
O208
M901 H24 P1
G04 P5
M17

coolant off

O209
M901 H24 P0
G04 P5
M17

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7 PLT Support
At present, the system supports PLT instructions as below:
//PU

Pen Up

// PU [ X,Y [,...]] [;]

//PD

Pen Down

// PD [ X, Y [,...]] [;]
//PA

Plot Absolute

// PA [X, Y [,...]] [;]

//PR

Relative Coordinate Pen Move

// PR [X, Y [,...]] [;]

//AA
//

AA X, Y, qc [, qd] [;]

//AR
//

Absolute Arc Plot

Relative Arc Plot

AR X, Y, qc [, qd] [;]

//CI

Circle

// CI r [, qd] [;]
//EA

Edge Absolute Rectangle

// EA X, Y [;]
//ER

Edge Relative Rectangle

// ER X, Y [;]
//EW

Edge Wedge

// EW r, q1, qc (, qd) [;]

Besides, PA, PR, PU, PD also supports three-dimensional instructions.

Notes:
PLT format has strong expansibility and different product has different
instructions. If you meet unidentifiable instructions, please contact with us as soon as

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Shanghai Naiky Electronic Technology Co., Ltd

possible, and we would like to specialize in researching the corresponding interpreter

for you.

8 DXF Support
At present, the system supports Entities as below:
LINE
LWPOLYLINE
ARC
CIRCLE
ELLIPSE
SPLINE

Prompt:
Save the figure drawn with Auto CAD as DXF format, perform Open and
Load and Simulation Mode, the figure shown in track window is what you have
drawn with Auto CAD

Tel: (00)86-400-882-9188 Fax: (00)86- (0)21-64038574, 51502738 Web Site: http://www.naiky.com 95

[email protected] Address: Room 305, 1221 Xietu RD, Shanghai, China. (200032)