Cosmetology- is a field that includes specialized areas, such as nail care, hair care and

styling, skin care, sand make-up. Cosmetology can be a rewarding profession if you will
be equipped with the proper training. It can also help develop or improve your
personality. Every cosmetologist must be a model of a pleasant personality.
Cosmetologists must practice good hygiene at all times because they are promoting not
only a pleasant personality but also good health.

BASICS OF GOOD GROOMING

Developing a pleasing personality starts with good grooming. Grooming is the
proper care of ones appearance, which include all the details of the hair, skin, teeth,
hands, feet and body as well as ones clothes and shoes. Here are the basics of good
grooming:
Mouth and Teeth
1.
2.
3.
4.

Brush your teeth regularly.

Visit your dentist every six months.
Avoid eating too many sweets.
Use mouthwash to freshen your breath.

Hands and Feel

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Wash your hands regularly.

Use mild soap and water for washing.
Apply or pat hand lotion onto your skin to prevent dryness and chapping.
Keep your fingernails and toenails short and clean.
Avoid wearing tight-fitting shoes to prevent calluses.
Always wear clean and well polished shoes.
Change socks or stockings daily.
Air your shoes every time you take them off.

Hair
1.
2.
3.
4.

Keep your hair clean, shiny, and nice smelling.

Wear a simple and casual hairstyle at all times.
Shampoo your hair regularly.
Comb your hair as often as needed to keep it tidy.

Body
1. Keep your body fresh and clean by having a daily shower or bath.
2. Choose a suitable deodorant or anti-perspirant.

3. Wear suitable clothes that are clean, well pressed and free from unpleasant
odor.
4. Repair the sagging hemlines of your clothes.
5. Always air your clothes to prevent unpleasant odor.
6. Keep your clothes free of dandruff flakes and falling hair.
7. Avoid borrowing or wearing anothers person clothing.
DEVELOPING GOOD POSTURE
Posture- is a characteristics way of bearing ones body. Good posture enhances
ones appearance and improves body fuctions.
Proper way of standing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Stand straight, and tall with shoulders upright.

Keep a straight spine and do not slouch.
Balance the weight of your body equally on both feet.
Keep your shoulders relaxed and your shoulders blades flat.
Keep your chest out and abdomen flat and tucked in.
Keep your chin up and your head centered over the shoulders.
Let your arms hang loosely on your sides.

Proper way of sitting

1. Sit with your shoulders and hips parallel to the calf of your legs. Be sure your
back is also parallel to the back of the chair.
2. Keep both feet flat on the floor and as close together as possible.
3. Keep your knees even with the hips.
4. Keep your abdomen flat, your chin up and your shoulders relaxed.
Proper way of walking
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Relaxed your body and keep it straight.

Look straight, keeping your head up.
Keep your shoulders aligned with the rest of your body.
Let your heel touch the ground first as you put each foot down.
Walk with even steps that are neither too long, nor too short.
Practice makes perfect, so start practicing the guidelines for proper standing,
sitting, walking and picking up and carrying things. Eventually, you will found
yourself moving with poise and confidence.

The latest fashion in dresses maybe perfect for your friends, but it could be a disaster
for you. So before buying and wearing clothes, consider how the garment will look on
you. Do you know how to choose the right clothes for you? Here are factors to consider
in selecting your clothes.
1. COLOR
Consider your skin color and your build in selecting the right colors for
you.
2. LINES
Lines can be deceiving. They can make you look taller or shorter.
3. DESIGN
Big designs on clothes will make small people look, while small designs
or prints on clothes make big people appear small.
4. OCCASIONS
Choose clothes that will suit the time, place and nature of the occasion
on which they will be worn.
a. Clothes for school.
b. Playing clothes
c. Special occasions
There are certain rules that should govern a persons action in public places and social
gatherings. The following are just some of them.

If you are hanging out with your classmates on a school day in a public place,
your actions or words should be refined as a reflection of what you learn in
school.
In parties or other social functions, avoid attracting too much attention to yourself.
Speak in a gentle tone, smile. Dress appropriately.
When attending religious services in the church always observe silence and be
discreet in your movements. Avoid doing anything that will distract others and
catch their attention. Remember to wear proper attire too.

Being young is not an excuse for not behaving properly, whether in the company of
friends or other people. It is easier to earn other peoples respect and admiration if you
are able to conduct yourself properly in public.

Nail Structure
The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is translucent plate that protects the
fingers and toes. It is composed mainly of a keratin, a protein substance that forms the
base of all tissue.
Onyx is the technical term for the nail. The condition of the nail, like that of the
skin, reflects the general health of the body. Onychology is the study of the nail.

Nail Body or Nail Plate- visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.
Free edge- end portion of the nail plate which extends beyond the fingertip. It is shaped
during manicure.
Nail Root- beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the skin.

Structure Beneath the Nail

Nail Bed- the skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests.
Matrix- is the part of the nail bed which contains nerves and blood vessels and is
located beneath the nail root.
Lunula- half moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix connects with
the nail bed.

Structure Surrounding the Nail

Cuticle- the overlapping skin around the nail. A normal cuticle should be loose and
pliable.
Eponychium- cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which overlaps the lunula.
Hyponychium- portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
Nail Walls- folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail.
Nail Grooves- are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail upon which the nail
moves as it grows.

Mantle- deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.

NAIL DISORDER
- a condition caused by injury or disease.
NAIL DISEASES
- is influenced by nutrition, general health, and disease.
Bruised nails
- A condition in which the blood cloth forms under the nail plate. Forming a dark purplish
spot.
- Gentle manicure. May need to refer to a medical practitioner
Corrugations
- caused by uneven growth of nails, usually a result of illness or injury
- carefully buff nails
- use ridge filler w/ colored polish to give smooth look
Hangnails
- caused by minor injury or constant irritation through biting.
- Gentle manicure with emphasis on cuticle work.
Leukonychia
- spots of whitish discolorations of the nails.
- caused by minor injury to the nail matrix.
Onychauxis
- overgrowth of nail, usually in thickness rather than length
- caused by local infection or internal imbalance but can also be hereditary.
- do not manicure or pedicure
Onychophagy
- result of a habit that prompts the person to chew the nail and hardened skin.
- it is recommanded that the client receives frequent manicure.
Ptygerium
- abnormal stretching of skin around the nail plate.
- usually from serious or an allergic skin reaction.
Onychia
- is influenced by nutrition, general health, and disease.
- inflamation of matrix follow by shedding of the natural nail plate.
- do not manicure or pedicure.
Ocycholysis

- lifting of the nail plate from bed without shedding, beginning from free edge.
Onychocryptosis
- ingrown nails, affect fingernails or toenails. Nail grows into the sides of the tissue
around the nail.
- do not manicure or pedicure if infection is present. Refer to medical practitioner.
Onychomadesis
- separation and falling off a nail plate from the bed. Affects finernails and toenails.
- localized infection, injury to matrix or severe system illness, chemotheraphy.
Paronychia
- clients who works with hands in water, leads to dry or chapped skin from excessive
exposure to detergents water, etc.
- do not work on the area - refer the client to their medical practitioner.
Storing and Sanitation Techniques
Contaminants - is any substances that causes contamination
Contamination- the process of making something dirty, polluted, poisonous, by adding a
chemical waste and infection.
Decontamination- is removing pathogens and other substances from tool or surfaces
3 Level of Decontamination
Sterilization - is a process of making an object germ free by the destruction of all kinds
of bacteria it is also the highest level of decontamination.
Sanitation - means significaly reducing the number of pathogens found on a surface and
it also considered as the lowest level of decontamination
Disinfection- is the use of disinfectant and antiseptic
Disinfectant - removing the causes of infection and a substance or chemical use to
destroy bacteria but is not safe to use on skin.
Antiseptic - an agent prevents the multiplication of bacteria. It can be use directly on the
skin.
Service Maintenance Program
1. Dispose waste products including used wax according to occupational health and
safety rules and regulations.

2. Sanitize and store tools, supplies and equipment.

3. Clean and sanitize work station for the next treatment activity.

Sanitary and Safety Measure

Here are sanitary and safety measures in giving a manicure.
1. Sanitize your hands and the implements to be used before working.
2. Always use a clean towel for each patron.
3. Wipe off spills of acetone, cuticle remover, and methiolate at once.
4. Place all used cotton balls or swabs in the waste plastic bag.
5. If possible, wear a smock gown while giving a manicure.
6. Do not use dull nippers and clippers.
7. Be extra careful in trimming the cuticle.
8. In using a nipper, do not open the tip too wide to avoid wounding your patron.
9. Keep a clean and tidymanicure table at all times.

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING SYSTEM (5S)

Proper Waste Disposal

refers to the process in keeping waste materials of products in the proper place
to avoid contamination.

It is a systematized approach to organized work areas, keep rules and standards

and maintain the discipline needed to do a good job.

5S is originally developed by HIROYUKI HIRANO for manufacturing companies

in Japan.

1S SEIRI (Sort) -Is an action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary item from the
work place.
2S SEITON (Systematized) -Tools, equipment and materials must be systematically
arrangedfor the easiest and most efficient access.

3S SEISO (Sweep) -cleaning even if things are not dirty, regular cleaning prevents
things from getting too dirty that it would be difficult to make it clean.
4S SEIKETSU (Standardize) -Is a condition where high standard of good
housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.
5S SHITSUKE (Self-discipline) -Doing things spontaneously without having to be
told.
Teach by doing.
TIPS AND WARNINGS
Tips in Preparing a Housekeeping Standard Checklist:

Keep it simple.

Follow a logical sequence.

Avoid making assumptions.

Care of the Hands and Feet

Manicure comes from the latin word manus, which means hand, and cura , which
means care. Therefore, manicure is the care of the hands and nails. While on the other
hand, pedicure is the care of the feet and toenails. Well-cared nails not only add beauty
to ones hands and feet but also good personal hygiene.
Types of Manicure
Long Manicure - is a standard manicure including hand, finger and arm massage.
Short Manicure is a standard manicure that does not include hand, finger and arm
massage.
Booth Manicure manicure done under the same physical condition while the patron is
receiving other services.
Oil or Lanolin Manicure substitutes hot oil or lanolin in place of water for the soaking
period.
Mens Manicure a mans manicure with nails filed round and buffed, or completed with
a clear liquid polish.
Equipments, Tools/ implements, Supplies /Cosmetics and Other Materials used in
Manicuring
Equipment used in Manicuring

Manicuring table and adjustable lamp A manicure table is a workstation, of any

variety, at which a manicurist does her work.

Patrons chair and Manicurists chair or stool the adjustable upholstered seat
fitted over a metal or chrome.

Supply Tray used for holding cosmetics.

Finger Bowl used for holding warm and soapy water

Container for clean absorbent cotton.

Electric heater for heating oil when giving a hot oil manicure.

Tools/Implements used in Manicuring

Nail cutter or Nail clippers Metal device used to cut or trim fingernails and
toenails.

Cuticle Pusher This is made of either metal or plastic and is used to push back
and loosen the cuticle.

Nail file used for shaping the free edge of the nails.

Emery Board This is made of wooden, sandpaper-like stick used to gently grind
the edges of the nails.

Cuticle nipper and cuticle scissors this is a metal device used to trim hangnails
and dead cuticle.

Nail Brush This is a small brush with nylon bristles used to clean the nail
surface and skin of residues.

Orangewood stick Wooden manicure sticks used to loosen the cuticle clean
underneath the free edge of the nails, and remove excess nail polish around the
cuticle and nails. It can also be used to apply Merthiolate around the nail.

Nail Buffer It has two grits on one side and a smooth. The smooth side used to
give a glossy shine to nails when polished. The coarse side is used to smoothen
irregular nail ridges.

Supplies used in Manicuring

Nail Polish

Base Coat this is the nail polish that is first applied directly on the nail surface. For
the base coat, a platinum nail polish is often used.
Second Coat/ Color Enamels this is colored nail polish, the color of which depends
on a persons choice.
Top Coat this is colorless nail polish applied over colored nail polish to keep it from
chipping and to make it last longer.

 Quick-dry An oil product sprayed or brushed over the top coat to quicken the
drying process.

Nail Polish Remover this is used to remove old nail polish. Acetone is a
common form of nail polish.

Nail Polish Solvent this is used to thin out thick liquid nail polish.. It is not to be
used as a substitute for acetone.

Cuticle Remover or Solvent Used to soften and dissolve cuticle tissue.

Cuticle Oil Used to soften and lubricate the skin and dry nail polish easily.

Nail Bleaches use to remove nail stains.

Nail Whiteners Applied under the free edge to make the tips look whiter.

Massage cream/hand Lotion used to prevent friction burns during a massage

and to soften and moisturize the skin.

Other Materials used in Manicuring

Absorbent cotton used for application of cosmetics to the nails.

Hand towel this is used to dry the hands, feet and nails.

Small table mat or Towel this is used to cover the table top.

Spatula use from removing cream from jars.

Soap Used for finger bath.

Warm water used for finger bath.

Cleansing tissue for use whenever necessary.

Antiseptic Merthiolate is an example of an antiseptic used to prevent infection

when minor injuries to tissues surrounding the nail occur.

Disinfectant - Used for sanitizing implements, and for disinfectant the manicure
table.

STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE IN GIVING A MANICURE

Preparation

Set your tools, materials, and supplies in a plastic tray or mini bag on the
manicure table. Arrange the implements together according to the order of use for your
convenience. Place the small towel at the center of the table. If you are right-handed, it
is best to place the tray of materials to your right. Have a small plastic waste bag close
to your tray. Always maintain a clean and sanitary working table. Now you are ready to
give a manicure.

Step-By-Step Procedure In Giving A Manicure

Remove the old nail polish on the patrons fingernails. Using a cotton swab with
acetone, rub the nail surface in a circular stroke to remove the old nail polish.

Using a nail cutter, start cutting at the center of the free edge of the nail, then on
both sides. Use the emery board to file the nail from the sides going to the center.

Apply the cuticle remover on the dead cuticle tissues of the nails by using the
pusher.

Use the pusher in loosening and pushing the dead cuticle by following a very
light circular stroke. Remember that you are pushing the cuticle to loosen it. Do
not push the cuticle too hard.

If the cuticle is already loosened, trim it by using the cuticle nipper. Trim from one
corner of the nail to the center, then do the same on the other side. Do not pull
the cuticle because pulling it will be very painful.

Brush the nails toward you to remove debris. Clean underneath the free edge of
the nails using the orangewood stick.

Use either a pusher or an orangewood stick to apply Merthiolate diluted with

water around the cuticle area. Brush the nail to give color to the area around the
cuticle. Never use pure Merthiolate.

Massage the hands and fingers by using hand lotion.

Apply the base coat. This is the first application of nail polish, which uses
platinum nail polish. Start applying at the center of the nail, then on both sides.
Be sure that you have enough nail polish on the brush and that you apply the nail
polish smooth and even.

Apply the second coat by using a different color of nail polish. Follow the same
procedure as in the application of the base coat.

Apply the top coat. Use the colorless nail polish and follow the same manner of
application as in the preceding steps.

Remove excess nail polish right after each application. Wrap thin cotton around
the tip of the orangewood stick and dip it lightly in acetone. Remove the excess
nail polish by sliding and twisting the stick around the nails.

Apply the cuticle oil (optional).

STEPS IN GIVING A PEDICURE

Remove the old nail polish on your patrons toenails.

Cut and file the nails starting from the little toenail.

Apply cuticle remover to soften dead cuticle.

Push and loosen the cuticle gently.

Trim the dead cuticle.

Work on the ingrown nail, if there is any. Push and loosen the ingrown nail slowly
and gently.

Trim the ingrown nail.

Clean and brush the toenails.

Apply Merthiolate diluted with water around the cuticle area.

Place cotton balls or sliced foam in between the toes for easy application of nail
polish.

Apply the base coat, the colored nail polish, and the top coat one after the other.

Remove the excess nail polish around the nails.

Apply cuticle oil (optional)

Nail Shapes
Round
One of the most conservative shapes and the ideal shape for men and for those
who like to maintain short nails
Square
This shape is referred to a classic shape. Square is ideal for a bigger nail bed.
Oval
The tapered side walls of the oval create an elegant shape for woman. Oval
shapes flatter both wide and narrow nail beds, and add length with a graceful tip.

Square oval (Squoval)

Combining the elegance of the oval and with the strength of the square, the
squoval is a popular nail shape for most fingers.
Almond
The pointed or almond nail is a popular style for nail art design, especially in
Eastern Europe and Asia.
Basic Designs
1. Tip
2. Elephant Tusk
3. V-Shape
4. Half Moon