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Prepared By: Natasha Paola C. Sandique

The document defines psychology and its domains, discusses the history and theoretical perspectives of psychology, and outlines various fields within psychology such as clinical, counseling, developmental, and social psychology. It also covers early perspectives like structuralism and functionalism as well as modern approaches including psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, biological, and evolutionary psychology.

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LeonilaEnriquez
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26 views

Prepared By: Natasha Paola C. Sandique

The document defines psychology and its domains, discusses the history and theoretical perspectives of psychology, and outlines various fields within psychology such as clinical, counseling, developmental, and social psychology. It also covers early perspectives like structuralism and functionalism as well as modern approaches including psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, biological, and evolutionary psychology.

Uploaded by

LeonilaEnriquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared

by:
Natasha Paola C. Sand

STUFF TO DO:

Dene Psychology (and its Domains)


Dierent elds of Psychology
History
TheoreCcal perspecCves
Psychology Goals

W H A T I S

Psychology is the scien&c study of behavior


and mental processes.

D O M A I N S of P S Y C H O L O G Y
A ect =
emoCons
B ehavior =
acCons
C ogniCve =
thinking

FIELDS of PSYCHOLOGY
Clinical
psychologists
Counseling
psychologists
School / EducaConal
psychologists
Developmental
psychologists
Personality
psychologists

Social psychologists
Experimental
psychologists
Industrial /
OrganizaConal
psychologists
Consumer
psychologists
Sport psychologists
Forensic
psychologists

ROOTS of PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY ! study of the soul
SOUL = who we are
Humans cant dierenCate from self and soul
We have always perceived ourselves as special (dierent)
Philosophers (e.g. Plato, Socrates, Aristotle) tried to
understand ourselves

HISTORY of PSYCHOLOGY
A. Philosophers: Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Ren
Descartes
Studied the relaConship between body and soul
B. Physiologists: Medical Doctors
Studied the relaConship between body and brain
** Thus, PSYCHOLOGY stemmed from two studies:
PHILOSOPHY and NATURAL SCIENCE.

STRUCTURALISM
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Began in 1879 as a laboratory


science (Leipzig, Germany)
Considered as Father of
Psychology
Analyzed sensaCons ! key to
analyze the structure of the mind

STRUCTURALISM study of most basic elements


sensaCons and percepConsthat make up our
conscious mental experiences

IntrospecNon method of exploring conscious


mental processes by asking subjects to look
inward and report their sensaCons and
percepCons

FUNCTIONALISM
William James (toward end of 19th
century)
Disagreed with Wundts ideas
The Principles of Psychology (1890)
Learning, sensaCon, memory,
reasoning, feelings, consciousness,
etc.

Considered father of Modern


Psychology

FuncNonalism study of the


funcCon of consciousness; how
our minds adapt to our changing
environment

Gestalt Approach: SensaCons vs


PercepCons
Max Wertheimer (1880-1943); Kurt Koka
(1886-1941) and Wolfgang Khler (1887-1967)
Gestalt = German for whole panern
How we perceive things
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

BEHAVIORISM
John Broadus Watson (1878-1958)
Rejected Wundt; introspecCon (could not be
jusCed)
Should be objecCve and experimental
analysis of observable behaviors and predicCon
and control of these
Behavioral approach emphasized objecCve,
scienCc analysis of observable behaviors

M O D E R N P S Y C H O L O G Y

PsychoanalyCc / Psychodynamic
Behavioral
HumanisCc
CogniCve
Socio-cultural / Cross-cultural
Biological
EvoluConary

Paul Brown Has Caught a Bucket of Shrimp. Excellent!

PsychoanalyCc / Psychodyanmic

Began by Sigmund Freud, who was a


neurologist
inuenced by unconscious thought
because they were repressed
UnCl now, his theories are sCll in use
because they cant be proved or
disproved.
A modern version of psychoanalysis
(neo-Freudianism)
focused on development of a sense of
self and discovery of other moCvaCons
other than sex and aggression

Behavioral
B.F. Skinner took over John Watson.
Focuses on how behavioral responses
are learned through classical or operant
condiConing

HumanisCc

Carl Rogers and Abraham


Maslow
Focuses on
human potenCal, free will,
and possibility of
self-actualizaCon

CogniCve

Came from Gestalt psychology


Focuses on how we process, store and use info. And
how it inuences our memory, intelligence,
percepCon, thought processes, and learning

Sociocultural / Cross-cultural

Focuses on individuals behavior as the result of being in groups or a larger


culture
Two areas of study: About the eect that people have on one another
Social psychology

Study of groups, social roles, rules of social acCons and relaConships

Cultural psychology

Study of cultural norms, values, expectaCons

Cross-cultural research: Compare and contrast of a behavior or issue

Biological

Inuences of the body like hormones, brain structures, chemicals, diseases, etc.
Behavior is a direct result of events in the body

EvoluConary
Darwins theory of evoluCon: Survival of the
nest; adaptaCon
Inuences and mental processes fears, mate
selecCon, decision making
Traits like I-dont-like-this-taste were passed on to
future generaCons

Psychology Goals

DescripConwhat is happening?
ExplanaConwhy?
PredicConWhen will it happen again?
ControlHow can it be changed?

Source
hnps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vo4pMVb0R6M&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOPRKzVL
Y0jJY-uHOH9KVU6
Rathus, S.A. (2012). Psychology. 2nd Ed.
Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd.

For Next MeeCng:


Group PresentaNons

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