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CE 431 Chapter 5 Cables Arches and Bridges

This document discusses cables, arches, and suspension bridges. It covers cables subjected to concentrated loads, uniform loads, and the maximum tension in cables. The document also discusses three-hinged arches and parabolic arch bridges. Examples are provided to calculate cable tensions, reactions, and compression in arches. The Abdoun Suspension Bridge in Amman, Jordan is mentioned as well as the Langkawi Sky-Bridge, a curved suspension bridge in Malaysia that offers scenic views.

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218 views9 pages

CE 431 Chapter 5 Cables Arches and Bridges

This document discusses cables, arches, and suspension bridges. It covers cables subjected to concentrated loads, uniform loads, and the maximum tension in cables. The document also discusses three-hinged arches and parabolic arch bridges. Examples are provided to calculate cable tensions, reactions, and compression in arches. The Abdoun Suspension Bridge in Amman, Jordan is mentioned as well as the Langkawi Sky-Bridge, a curved suspension bridge in Malaysia that offers scenic views.

Uploaded by

BoucharebKarim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JordanUniversityofScience&Technology

DepartmentofCivilEngineering
StructuralAnalysis
ProfessorMusaResheidat

CablesandArches

Abdoun SuspensionBridgeAmman,Jordan

ArchBridge

Abdoun SuspensionBridgeAmman,Jordan

ArchBridge

ArchBridge

ArchBridge

5.2 CableSubjectedtoConcentratedLoads

5.1 Cables

Neglectcableweight
Eachsegmentissubjectedtoaconstanttensileforce

Assumptions

Ay

TAC

By

Ax

Bx
TAC

Cableisperfectlyflexible&
inextensible
Noresistancetoshear/bending:
sameastrussbar
Theforceactingonthecableis
alwaystangenttothecableat
pointsalongitslength

TAC
TCD
P1

Solution

Example5.1
Determinethetensionin
eachsegmentofthecable.
Whatisthedimensionh?

M A = 0
TCD (3 / 5)(2m) + TCD ( 4 / 5)(5.5m) 3kN( 2m) 8kN(4m) = 0
TCD = 6.79kN
Joint equilibrium at C
6.79kN (3 / 5) TBC cos BC = 0
6.79kN (4 / 5) 8kN + TBC sin BC = 0
BC = 32.3o and TBC = 4.82kN
Similarly, Joint equilibrium at B
o

BA = 53.8 and TBA = 6.90kN


Finally, h = (2m) tan 53.8o = 2.74m

TBA
TBC

4 Unknownexternalreactions(Ax,Ay,Dx andDy)
3 Unknowncabletensions
1 Geometricalunknownh
8 Unknowns
8 Equilibriumconditions

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad

Considerthiscableunderdistributedverticalloadwo
Thecableforceisnotaconstant.

d (T cos )
= 0 Eq 5.1
dx
d (T sin )
= wo Eq 5.2
dx
dy
= tan
Eq 5.3
dx

wo

FH
IntegratingEq.5.1 whereT=FH atx=0:

T cos = cons.

= FH Eq 5.4

IntegratingEq.5.2 realizingthatTsin =0atx =0:


FH

T sin = wo x Eq 5.5
Eq.5.5/Eq.5.4:

tan =

dy wo x
=
dx FH

+ Fy = 0
T sin wo (x) + (T + T ) sin( + ) = 0

Eq 5.6

With anti - clockwise as + ve


M A = 0
wo (x)(x / 2) T cosy + T sin x = 0

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad
Tmax
max

T cos = FH Eq 5.4

tan =

T sin = wo x Eq 5. 5
Where ismax,thenTismax

Tmax =

Eq 5.6

FH

FH + ( wo L ) 2

Eq 5.10

Performinganintegrationwithy=0 atx=0 yields

y=

Eq 5.8

Tmax = wo L 1 + ( L / 2h) 2

Eq 5.11

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad
Neglectthecableweightwhichisuniformalongthelength
Acablesubjectedtoitsownweightwilltaketheformofa
catenary curve

wo 2
x
2 FH

Eq 5.7

Cableprofile:
Parabola

y = h at x = L

y=

h 2
x
L2

FH =

wo L2
2h

Eq 5.8

Eq 5.9

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad
T cos = FH

T sin = wo x

x
y = a cosh
a

Hangers are close and


uniformly spaced
CurveParabolicforsmallsag/spanratio

tan =

dy wo x
=
dx FH

w L2
FH = o
2h

If forces in the hangers are known


then the structure can be analyzed
1 degree of indeterminacy

y=

h 2
x
L2

Tmax = wo L 1 + ( L / 2h ) 2

Determinate structure
hinge

dy wo x
=
dx FH

FH

wo L
2h

d (T cos )
= 0 Eq 5.1
dx
d (T sin )
= wo Eq 5.2
dx
dy
= tan
Eq 5.3
dx

5.3 CableSubjectedtoaUniformLoad

Whereandwhatisthemaxtension?

FH =

+Fx = 0
T cos + (T + T ) cos( + ) = 0

FH

Example5.2

Solution

y=

wo 2 12kN/m 2
6 2
x =
x =
x (1)
2 FH
2 FH
FH

6=

6 2
x' FH = 1.0 x' 2 (2)
FH

Thecablesupportsagirderwhichweighs12 kN/m.
DeterminethetensioninthecableatpointsA,B&C.
= 0.0389 x 2

= 154.4kN

FH

6
[ (30 x' )]2
FH
6
12 =
[(30 x' )]2
1.0 x' 2

12 =

x' 2 +60 x'900 = 0 x' = 12.43m

FH

Example5.3

12kN/m

Solution

DeterminethemaxtensioninthecableIH
Assumethecableisparabolic(underuniformlydistributedload)

y = 0.0389 x 2

TA
TC

A
C

tan =

dy
= 0.0777 x
dx

FH=154.4kN

17.57m

tan C =

dy
dx

= 0.966
x =12.43

tan A =

dy
dx

12.43m

= 1.366
x = 17.57

M C = 0 I y + Ay = 0.667 FH
FH = 28.13 kN

M B = 0 I y + Ay = 18.75

CableandArch

C = 44.0o

A = 53.79o

FH
154.4
=
= 214.6kN
TC =
cos C cos 44.0o

TA =

Example5.3

FH

Flip

FH

wo L2
2h

FH = 28.13 kN
wo = 3.13 kN / m

What if the load direction reverses?

FH =

Tmax = wo L 1 + ( L / 2h )2 = 46.9 kN

FH
= 261.4kN
cos A

Arches

Arches
Anarchactsasinvertedcableso
itreceivescompression
Anarchmustalsoresistbending
andsheardependinguponhowit
isloaded&shaped

Typesofarches

indeterminate

indeterminate

indeterminate

determinate

Problem

5.4 ThreeHingedArch

DeterminereactionsatA
andCandthecableforce
3 globalEqs
1 hingecondition

Bx
By

Ax
Ay

Ax
Cy

Ay

Example5.4

Example5.4
Thethreehingedopenspandrelarchbridgehasa
parabolicshapeandsupportstheuniformload.Show
thattheparabolicarchissubjectedonlytoaxial
compressionatanintermediatepointsuchaspointD.
Assumetheloadisuniformlytransmittedtothearch
ribs.

Solution
y

=160 kN

y=

10

(20)2

10 m

x2

=160 kN
=160 kN

=160 kN

tan D =

160 kN =

D = 26.6o

0=

N D = 178.9kN

=160 kN
=160 kN

dy
20
=
x
= 0.5
dx ( 20 )2
x =10 m

VD = 0
MD = 0

Example5.5

Example5.5

Example5.5

Example5.5

Example5.6

Example5.6

Its not a bridge to the sky, but its not far from the idea!
The sky-bridge is suspended at 700m above sea level
and spans 125m across the mountains,
offering magnificent views
of the Andaman Sea and Thailands Tarutao Island.

The Langkawi Sky-Bridge in Malaysia

Its set apart from other bridges by its curves


that provide different perspectives of the landscapes.
Heres one of the most spectacular bridges in the world
that delivers quite a pump of adrenaline.
Music: Around The World

Lets Take A Look !

Any
Questions
?

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