Altar server

An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian religious service. An altar server
attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying, ringing the altar bell and so on.
Formerly, only men and boys could serve at the altar, but canon 230 of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in
1983 allowed local ordinaries to permit girls and women to do so (see Female altar servers). In the United
States, the Diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska has not granted permission. The priest in charge of a church is not
obliged to avail of the permission, where granted. Traditionalist Catholic groups such as the FSSP and
the Institute of Christ the King and some individual priests do not. The practice is also not accepted by those
who act independently of the diocesan bishops, as is the case with the SSPX.
The term "acolyte" is sometimes applied to altar servers, but in the proper sense means someone who has
been received the ministry of that name, usually reserved for those who are to be promoted to the permanent
or transitory diaconate. These must receive the ministry of acolyte, which historically was classified as a minor
order, at least six months before being ordained as deacons.

Duties at Mass (ordinary form of the Roman Rite)

In the ordinary (normal) form of the Roman Rite of the celebration of Mass, provided no instituted acolyte is
participating, altar servers have the following responsibilities during

Entrance: Servers are to act as thurifer with burning incense (if incense is
used at the Mass), as bearers of lighted candles flanking another carrying
thecross and as other participants in the entrance procession. [4]

Servers hold the liturgical books for the celebrant when he is not at the
altar and is proclaiming the presidential prayers with outstretched hands.
They bring and hold such things as books, thuribles, lavabo bowl and
towel, patens, communion bowls, and microphones.[5]

Proclamation of the Gospel: At the preceding Alleluia or other chant, the

thurible is presented to the priest for him to put incense in it,[6] and then for
the proclamation of the Gospel servers precede the priest or deacon to
the ambo, perhaps carrying candles and incense. [7]

Beginning of the Liturgy of the Eucharist: Servers arrange the corporal, the
purificator, the chalice, the pall, and the Missal on the altar,[8] and then
assist the priest in receiving the bread and wine and perhaps other gifts

that are presented to him.[9] They present the cruets of wine and water for
the priest or deacon to pour some into the chalice. [10] If incense is used, the
thurible and incense are presented to the priest and, at least if there is no
deacon, a server then incenses the priest and the people. [11] When the
priest then washes his hands standing at the side of the altar, a server
pours the water over them.

Consecration: A server rings a bell as a signal to the people shortly before

the consecration and, where it is the local custom, rings the bell also when
the priest displays the consecrated host and chalice to the people. If
incense is used, a server incenses the host and the chalice while these are
being shown.

Sign of Peace: The servers receive the sign of peace from the priest or
deacon within the sanctuary.

Recessional: The servers accompany the priest as at the entrance

procession.

If a bishop celebrates Mass solemnly, two servers, wearing vimpas, hold the mitre and the crosier, and present
them at the appropriate times.

Duties in the 1962 form

A Catholic priest or seminarian serving as a thurifer.

In Mass as in the 1962 Roman Missal, which is an authorized extraordinary form of the Roman Rite (Mass),
altar servers have the following responsibilities at Low Mass andMissa Cantata.

Mass of the Catechumens

Processional: Servers carry the thurible, incense boat,

processional cross and candles (flambeaux) in a Missa Cantata.

After the sacristy bells are rung and first genuflection at the high altar,
the server takes the priest's biretta, kisses it, and places on the
Presidential Chair.

Post-Epistle: Servers move Missal from Epistle side of the altar to the
Gospel side of the altar.

Mass of the Faithful

Servers ring the altar bell once as the priest unveils chalice and places
veil on altar.

Preparation of the chalice: Servers present the cruets of water and

wine for the deacon or priest to pour in the chalice.

Lavabo: A server administers the water to the Priest as he ritually

washes his hands.

Beginning of the Sanctus: Altar bell is rung thrice.

Canon of Mass: When the priest extends his hands over the chalice,
serverds ring altar bell once, stand, take the bell, without genuflecting
kneel on either side of the priest.

Consecration: At each consecration servers make a deep bow at the

priest's first genuflection, and ring the bell once. During each major
elevation, servers kneel erect, raising the back of the chasuble and
ringing the bell thrice. During the priest's second genuflection, servers
release chasuble, make a deep bow and ring the bell once. After the
consecration, holding the bell, servers return to their posts and kneel.

Post Agnus Dei: Servers get patens from credence table and go back
to posts with genuflections and kneeling. When the priest genuflects
and says the triple "Domine, non sum dignus..." servers ring the bell
thrice.

Communion: Follow priest with paten in hand and hand over breast for
the Communion.

Ablutions: Get the water and wine cruets from credence table. For the
first ablution at center of the altar, the server with the wine approaches
as the priest tips the chalice toward the server. The server pours a little
wine into the chalice, he bows and turns to his right and returns to
the Epistle corner and wait for the priest. When the priest approaches
for the second ablution, the server makes a moderate bow, pours a

little wine over his fingers and then as much water as he desires.
Then, with genuflections, switch the chalice veil from the Gospel side
to the Epistle side with the Missal at the same time.

Ending procession: Same as Processional.

Vestments
While ordained and instituted ministers must wear an alb (with cincture and amice unless the form of the alb
makes these unnecessary), albs or any other appropriate attire, such as a cassockand surplice, may be worn
by servers. Black and red are the most common colours for a server's cassock, if used.

Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, altar servers assist the higher clergy during services. They might carry the
cross, candles or liturgical fans inprocessions and entrances; maintain the censer, ensuring it has enough live
charcoal, loading it with incense and handing it to the priest or deacon when required; preparing the hot water
(zeon) in time for it to be added to the chalice at the Divine Liturgy; prepare the antidoron for the people to
receive after Holy Communion; and any other necessary tasks so that the celebrant need not be distracted
during the service. An altar server is vested in thesticharion only.
In the early Church, before someone could be a server he had to be tonsured. Nowadays, in many places it is
not necessary to be tonsured before one is allowed to serve (since the tonsure must be done by a bishop or
higher-ranking priest). The rites of "Setting Aside a Taper-bearer" and "Tonsuring aReader" have now been
combined into one service. It is the custom in some traditions, such as the Greek Orthodox or Melkite Catholic,
to allow tonsured altar servers to also vest in the orarion, worn crossed over the back like that of
a subdeacon but with the ends hanging parallel in front. Among the Russians, however, the orarion is not
usually worn by servers, but only by duly ordained subdeacons and deacons, with the exception that laymen
who are blessed to perform some of the functions of subdeacons may sometimes be blessed to wear the orar.
Before vesting, the server must fold his sticharion and bring it to the priest for him to bless. The priest blesses
and lays his hand on the folded sticharion. The server kisses the priest's hand and the Cross on the vestment,
and then withdraws to vest. Any server who has not been tonsured must remove the sticharion when he
receives Holy Communion, because communicants receive the Mysteries according to their order within the
Church (so tonsured clergy vest while laymen remove their vestments). Before divesting at the end of the
service, the server must receive the priest's blessing.

The minimum age varies by local circumstance, but boys must be mature enough to carry out their duties
without disrupting the sanctity of the altar. Although it is common in North America for boys to act as altar
servers, in some places this practice is virtually unknown and these duties are always carried out by adult men.
In other places where altar servers are normally boys, adult men will not vest if called upon to serve. In yet
other places, boys are not permitted to serve in the Altar on reaching their teens on the grounds that the young
man is no longer innocent enough to serve in the altar.
Altar servers, regardless of age, are subject to all the normal restrictions for those not of higher clerical position.
Anyone who is bleeding, or has an open sore, is not permitted to enter the altar. They may not touch the altar
table or anything on it under any circumstances, nor the prothesis without a blessing. They may not touch the
sacred vessels, the chalice and diskos (paten) at any time. They may not stand directly in front of the altar table
or pass between the front of it and the iconostasis, but must cross between the altar and the High Place if they
need to move to the opposite side.
Women may not serve in the altar except in women's monasteries. In that case they do not receive the clerical
tonsure (though they must be tonsured nuns), and do not vest in the sticharion, but wear their normal religious
habit for attending services, and serve at a certain distance from the actual altar table. Normally, only older
nuns may serve in the altar; but the Hegumenia (Abbess) is permitted to enter even if she is younger.

Other churches
Main article: Acolyte
In lower Anglican churches, most Lutheran Churches, and in the Methodist Church, all who serve in the above
positions are called acolytes.
In Anglo-Catholic and some Episcopal Churches however, the vast majority of roles associated with an altar
server are the same as those in the Catholic Church, and the same titles for each individual role are retained
from Catholic tradition mostly restored during the Oxford Movement in the 19th century.