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This document provides information on HVAC rules of thumb, equipment space requirements, load calculations, heat transfer principles, and efficiency metrics. It includes typical airflow and cooling requirements per square foot of building area. It also lists example mechanical room sizes as a percentage of building square footage. Key concepts covered include conduction, convection, radiation, R-values, U-values, and the formulas to calculate COP, EER, and SEER efficiency ratings.

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132 views19 pages

Cop Eer Seer

This document provides information on HVAC rules of thumb, equipment space requirements, load calculations, heat transfer principles, and efficiency metrics. It includes typical airflow and cooling requirements per square foot of building area. It also lists example mechanical room sizes as a percentage of building square footage. Key concepts covered include conduction, convection, radiation, R-values, U-values, and the formulas to calculate COP, EER, and SEER efficiency ratings.

Uploaded by

123john123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC Rules of Thumb

Air - 1 CFM/SF
Cooling (office) 300/400 SF/Ton
Cooling (office) 400 CFM/Ton
Heating 25-35 btuh/sf floor area
Outside Air 20 CFM/person
Toilet/Jan Closet 10 air changes/hour

HVAC Equipment/SF
Mechanical Room (Boilers/Chillers/Pumps/Misc) =
GU College Hall = 2000 SF/186,000 = 1.1%

Mechanical Room (Boilers/Pumps/Misc) =


RTF (tight) 300 SF/28,000 SF = 1.1%
Colbert Elementary 312 SF/ 40,000 SF = 0.8%

RTU (Gas/Electric/VAV) =
SEL Office (35x12 (2))/95,000 SF

Building Envelope

Load Calculations

Heating and Cooling


Accuracy important!
Design conditions
Building shell load
R, U value
Internal load
Ventilation load
Infiltration
Occupancy schedules

Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Resistance (R-Value)
U=1/R
Q = U x A x T

U-Value is the rate of


heat flow in Btu/h
through a one ft2 area
when one side is 1oF
warmer

Comfort
Comfort is primary
intent of HVAC
systems.
Productivity
Building Durability
Health

Mold

COP,EER,SEER

11

* Analysis from Trane Acoustics Program (TAP)

EER
BTU = British Thermal Unit: a unit
measurement of heat.
It takes 1 btu to increase the temperature of 1
lb. of water 1 degree Fahrenheit.
EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio Formula:
EER = Btu's / Watts
The higher the EER the more efficient the
system

Watts Calculation
Watts Formulas
Single Phase =watt = PF amp volt
3 Phase=W = V avg. x A avg x p.f. x 1.732
Vavg = average voltage of the three separate phases (volts)
Aavg = average current of the three separate phases current
(amps)
p.f. = average power factor or the three separate phases
For resistive loads: p.f. = 1.0
For inductive/Capacitive Loads: p.f. < 1.0 ( .8 -.9)

1.732 = a constant necessary with 3 phase.

EER Example
36,000 BTU/HR = EER of 9
4000 Watts
36,000 BTU/HR = EER of 10
3600 Watts
Go Backwards
EER of 10
Example 36,000/10= 3600 Watts

SEER
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
Higher the Number the More Efficient the
equipment.
SEER = ((BTU / h) W)
For example
A 5000 BTU/h air-conditioning unit, with a SEER of
10, would consume 5000/10 = 500 Watts of power
on average. The electrical energy consumed per
year can be calculated as the average power
multiplied by the annual operating time:

SEER
500 W 1000 h = 500,000 Wh = 500 kWh
Assuming 1000 hours of operation during a
typical cooling season (i.e., 8 hours per day for
125 days per year).

COP

The higher the COP the more efficient the system


COP = Coefficient of Performance
COP=Power output/Power input
Example:

36,000 BTU/HR output (AC capacity)


3,600 Watts of power used
Convert BTU/HR to watts 0.293071
36,000 X 0.293071 = 10,551 watts

COP = 10551/3600= 2.93

So for every 2.93 units of heat removed the system uses on unit of energy.

Conversion Formula: COP = EER x 0.293


The COP represents the cooling effect in btu's or watts of a
refrigerant cycle, compared to the btu or watts equivalent of the
electrical energy put into the system during the cycle.

Formulas

KW/ton = 12 / EER
KW/ton = 12 / (COP x 3.412)
COP = EER / 3.412
COP = 12 / (KW/ton) / 3.412
EER = 12 / KW/ton
EER = COP x 3.412
If a chillers efficiency is rated at 1 KW/ton,
COP = 3.5
EER = 12

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