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Solution: D 883 - 8 2 D 2 B P

1. The document provides solutions to 6 problems related to hydraulic engineering calculations for bridges and waterways. It calculates quantities like discharge, velocity, depth of flow, afflux, scour depth, and economic span based on given parameters like channel dimensions, bed material, discharge, slope, and cost coefficients. 2. Problem 1 designs a waterway for a bridge over a trapezoidal channel. Problem 2 calculates afflux under a bridge based on natural and constructed waterway areas. Problem 3 estimates the economic span of a multi-span bridge using cost coefficients. 3. Problems 4-6 calculate maximum scour depths under bridges and piers/abutments based on parameters like discharge, bed material, pier

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2K views

Solution: D 883 - 8 2 D 2 B P

1. The document provides solutions to 6 problems related to hydraulic engineering calculations for bridges and waterways. It calculates quantities like discharge, velocity, depth of flow, afflux, scour depth, and economic span based on given parameters like channel dimensions, bed material, discharge, slope, and cost coefficients. 2. Problem 1 designs a waterway for a bridge over a trapezoidal channel. Problem 2 calculates afflux under a bridge based on natural and constructed waterway areas. Problem 3 estimates the economic span of a multi-span bridge using cost coefficients. 3. Problems 4-6 calculate maximum scour depths under bridges and piers/abutments based on parameters like discharge, bed material, pier

Uploaded by

Ismail A Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Design a waterway for a bridge over a trapezoidal channel having side slope of
1:1 with a discharge of 25 m3/s, a bed fall of 1:1000 and bed width to depth ratio
of 6:1. The bed material is sand with a safe velocity of 2.5m/s. The afflux should
not be more than 8cm. take Manning coefficient, n = 0.025
Solution
Area of flow

d2
A = bxd + 2
2
= ( b + d ) = 7 d 2 ( b = 6 d )
Wetted perimeter

P = b + 2d 2 = 8.883d
A 7d 2
R= =
= 0.80 d
P 8.83d

Hydraulic mean depth

From Mannings formula we have

1
2
1
( 0.80 d ) 3

3
2
R S
1000
v=
=
n
0.025
Q = v .A
2

The flood discharge


Or
And

= 1.1d

25 = 1.1d 3 .7 d 2
Therefore, d = 1.55m
P = 8.83d = 8.83 x 1.5 = 13.68 m
2

Hence v = 1.1d 3 = 1.1 ( 1.5 ) 3 = 1.47 m / s


Since the velocity under the bridge is less than the given safe velocity of 2.5m/s,
the design is OK
L2

v 2d 2
2 2 1
Afflux , x =
2

2 g( d + x ) C Ll

Average length L = 6d + 2d/2 = 10.85m


Therefore; 0.08 =
Hence,

10.85 2

0.95 2 L2 1
l

Ll = 8.50m
Q
25
v=
=
= 1.49 m / s
2
7d
7 1.55 2

And
2.

1.47 2 1.55 2
2 9.81( 1.55 + 0.08 ) 2

A bridge has a linear waterway of 120 m constructed across a stream whose


natural waterway is 200m. If the flood discharge is 1000m3/s and the mean depth
of flow is 3 m, calculate the afflux under the bridge.
Solution
Area of the natural waterway

A = 200 x 3 = 600 m 2

v=

Normal velocity of flow

1000
= 1.67 m / s
600

From Drown Weir formula, we have

x=

1.67 2 3 2
2 x 9.81( 3 + x ) 2

or

200 2

2
2
0.95 120

x 3 + 6 x 2 + 9 x 2.65 = 0
By trial error the solution for me the cubic equation is
x = 0.252 m
The Afflux x = 0.252 m
3.

The approximate costs of one superstructure and one pier for a multispan bridge
are given below. Estimate the economic span.
Span (m)
Superstructure cost (US$)
Substructure cost (US$)

12
34,000
50,000

18
80,000
54,000

21
150,000
48,000

Solution
The average cost coefficient is calculated as shown in the following table. This
calculation is based on the assumption that the cost of the superstructure is proportional
to the square of the span.
Span

cost coefficient

Avg. cost coefficient, k

12m

34,000/122

236.1

18m
21m

80,000/182
150,000/212

=
=

246.9
340.0

1
(236.1 + 246.9 + 340 ) = 274.3
3

1
(50 ,000 + 54 ,000 + 48 ,000 )
3
= 50,666

Average cost of one pier (US$)

Economic span

B
le =
k

0 .5

50 ,666
=

274.3

0 .5

= 13.6 m

4.

The flood discharge under a bridge is 300m3/s. if the river bed has a deep layer of
coarse sand determine the maximum depth of scour under piers and abutments.

Solution
Normal depth of scour

Q
d = 0.473
f

1/ 3

300
= 0.473

1 .5
= 2.76 m

1/ 3

f = from Table 3.3)

Depth of scour under piers = 2d = 2.76 x 2 = 5.52 m


Depth of scour under abutments = 1.5d = 4.14 m.

5.A stream with hard banks has a width of 80m. Its bed is alluvial ( f = 1.1) and
discharge through the section is 500m3/s. calculate the maximum scour depth under the
bridge having a single span of 50 m.
Solution
Since the velocity and depth of flow are not known, the normal depth with constriction is
given by:
Where

W
d = d
L

0.61

d=

1.21Q 0.63
f 0.33 w 0.6

1.21 x 500 0.63


= 4.25 m
1.10.33 x 80 0.6

Maximum depth scour

d max

W
= d
L

80
= 4.25
50
For non-uniform scour

0.61

x 1.5

0.61

x 1.5 = 8.49 m

d max

W
= d
L

1.56

1.56

80
= 4.25
= 8.84 m
50
Adopt dmax = 8.84m being the larger of the two values
6.

Calculate the depth of scour form the following data:


(i)
Depth of flow on the upstream = 3.2m/s
(ii)
Approach velocity = 0.9m/s
(iii)
Median particle size = 0.78 mm
(iv)
Length of the pier = 6.4m
(v)
Width of the pier = 4.4m
(vi)
Angle of attack = 10o
(vii) Critical approach velocity = 0.3m/s

Solution
Froude number

F=

Uo

(gy o )

0.5

0.9

(9.81 x 3.2 )0.5

= 0.16

From Table 3.5, local scour cylindrical pier is


d s = 1.11 y 0.5 b 0.5
= 1.1 x 3 0.5 x 4.4 0.5
= 4.00 m
From Table 3.7, for L/B =2.0, the shape factor f 2 = 1.11,
From Fig. 3.3, fro angle of attack of 10o, factor f 3 = 1.3

= d s xf 2 xf 3
= 4.00 x 1.1 x 1.3
= 5.72 m

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