CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. OPEN PRESENT OR FUTURE CONDITIONALS

IF + present simple

/ will + infinitive

Basic form
if- clause
If I go out
If you dont study
If they offer you the job

Main clause
Ill buy a newspaper
you wont pass your exams
what will you do

This structure is often called the first conditional.

Use:
We use this structure when there is a possibility that the situation in the if-clause will happen in the
future.
We also use this structure when there is a possibility that the situation in the if-clause is true in the
present.
OTHER FORMS
We can also use shall instead of will with I and we in the main clause.
In this structure, we can use a modal verb eg. Can, may, instead of will in the main clause.
We can also use the imperative in the main clause.
We can use the present perfect or present continuous instead of the present simple in the
if- clause.
We can also use should after if when we are less sure about a possibility
We can also begin with should when we are less sure.
Ex:

If I have enough time, well visit Robert.

If you are hungry, Ill make you something to eat.
If I fail the exam, I shall take it again.
If we have enough time, we can visit Robert.
If you see Mara, give her a message for me.
If you have finished the letter, Ill post it for you.
Ill come back later if you are working now.
If I should see Mara, Ill give her your message.
Should I see Mara, Ill give her your message.

2. UNREAL PRESENT OR FUTURE CONDITIONALS.

IF + past simple

/ would + infinitive

Basic form
if- clause
If I had a lot of money
If he got up earlier
If you didnt pass the
exam

Main clause
Id travel round the world
he wouldnt be late for work
would you take it again?

This structure is often called the second conditional.

Use:
We use this structure to talk about unreal present or future situations.
Ex: If I had a lot of money, Id travel round the world.
(But I do not have a lot of money)
We also use sentences like these to talk about unlikely present or future situations.
Ex: If I won a lot of money, Id take a long holiday.
The past form: had, loved ....., does not have a past meaning in these sentences, it has a
hypothetical present or future meaning, SUBJUNCTIVE
OTHER FORMS
We often use were instead of was after if, especially in a more formal style.
Ex: If the weather were nice, Id go to the beach.
We often use If I were you to give advice.
Ex: If I were you, Id apply for the job.
We can use the modal verbs might, could instead of would in the main clause.
Ex: If I won a lot of money, I might stop working.
3. UNREAL PAST CONDITIONALS
IF + past perfect

/ would have + past participle

Basic form
if- clause
If the weather had been nice yesterday
If I had studied hard

Main clause
I would have gone to the beach
I would have passed the exam

This structure is often called the third conditional.

The contraction of both had and would is d: I would / I had = Id
Use:
We use this structure to talk about unreal past situations.
Ex: If you hadnt missed your bus, you wouldnt have been late for school.
(but you missed the bus)

OTHER FORMS
We can use the modal verbs might, could instead of would in the main clause.
Ex.: If you had taken the exam, you might have passed it.
I could have repaired the car if Id had the right tools.
4. GENERAL CONDITIONALS
IF + present simple

/ present simple

Basic form
if- clause
If I have a big lunch
If you mix yellow and blue

Main clause
it makes me sleepy
you get green

Use:
We use this structure to talk about habits and general truths. IF = WHENEVER

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES :
IN CASE. UNLESS. AS LONG AS / PROVIDED / PROVIDING
1. IN CASE:
-He wears two watches in case one of them stops (it is possible one of them will stop)
-Ann might phone tonight. I dont want to go out in case she phones (it is possible she will phone)
- Ill draw a map for you in case you cant find our house ( it is possible you wont be able to find it)
2. UNLESS:
- The club is only for members you cant go in unless you are a member.
(this means You cant go in except if you are a member or You can go in only if you are a member)
- Ill see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (except if I have to work late)
3. AS LONG AS /PROVIDED / PROVIDING
- As long as / so long as
All these expressions mean if or on condition that
Provided (that) / providing (that)
-You can use my car

as long as
so long as

you drive carefully.

- Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to park.

providing (that)

Write sentences for these situations using in case:

1. Its possible that Mary will need to contact you, so you give her your phone number.
You say: Heres my phone number.....................................................................................?
2. A friend of yours is going away for a long time. Maybe you wont see her again before she
goes, so you decide to say goodbye now.
You say: Ill say ...................................................................................................................?
3. You are shopping in a supermarket with a friend. You think you have everything you need
but perhaps youve forgotten something. Your friend has the list, you ask him to check it.
You say: Can you .................................................................................................................?
4. Theres a possibility that Ann will phone. So you dont go out.
I................................................................................................................................................
5. John thinks he might forget the name of the book. So he writes it down.
John.........................................................................................................................................
6. I thought my parents might be worried about me. So I phoned them.
I.................................................................................................................................................
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
1. You must work much harder or you wont pass the exam.
2. Listen carefully or you wont know what to do.
3. She must apologise to me or Ill never speak to her again.
4. You have to speak very slowly or he wont be able to understand you.
5. The company must offer me more money or Im going to look for another job.
6. Im going to the party only if you go too.
7. The dog will attack you only if you move suddenly.

8. Hell speak to you only if you ask him a question.

9. The doctor will see you today only if its an emergency.
Complete the sentences with:

unless, as long as , provided /providing

1. You can use my car ...................................you drive carefully

2. Im playing tennis tomorrow ........................................its raining.
3. Im playing tennis tomorrow ........................................its not raining.
4. I dont mind if you come in late .............................you come in quietly.
5. Im going now .............................................you want me to stay.
6. I dont watch television................................... Ive got nothing else to do.
7. Children are allowed to use the swimming pool ..............................they are with an adult.
8. ............................they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool.
9. We can sit here in the corner .................................youd rather sit over there by the window.
10. - Our holiday cost a lot of money.
- Did it? Well, that doesnt matter ........................................ you enjoyed yourselves.
Complete the sentences with:

If / In case

1. Ann might phone this evening. I dont want to go out .....................she phones.
2. You should tell the police .......................your bicycle is stolen.
3. I hope youll come to London sometime. ............................you come, you can stay with us.
4. This letter is for Susan. Can you give it to her .............................you see her?
5. Write your name and address on your bag ...................................you lose it.
6. Go to the lost property office .......................................you lose your bag.
7. The burglar alarm will ring .................................somebody tries to break into the house.
8. Ive just painted the door. Ill put a WET PAINT notice next to it................................
somebody doesnt realise its just been painted.
9. I was advised to arrange insurance.................................. I needed medical treatment while I
was abroad