Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 1

2 16

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block num hold

;plot block contact num hold

;delete annulus 0,0 0,2

crack -5,10 5,-10

tunnel 0,0

block -10,-10 -10,10 10,10 10,-10

round 0.1

new

; File: Geom_2.dat

File Geom_2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Definition of model geometry

UDEC Sample Models #1

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Files Geom_3a.dat and Geom_3b.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block num hold

;plot block contact num hold

;print blocks
;print contact

;print max

;delete region 0,5 0,10 15,10 10,5

crack 0,5 10,5

crack 10,5 15,10
crack 10,12.5 15,-2.5

block 0,0 0,10 25,10 25,0

round 0.1

new

; File: Geom_1.dat

File Geom_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 2

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 5

...
table 5 (-2,0) &
(-2,5) &
(-1.848,5.765) &
(-1.414,6.414) &
(-0.765,6.848) &
(0.0,7.0) &
(0.765,6.848) &
(1.414,6.414) &
(1.848,5.765) &
(2,5) &
(2,0) &
(-2,0)

; File: Geom_3a.dat

new

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 7

round 0.01

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

return

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

;print max
;delete area 1e-2
plot block hold

0 0 50 0 0 0 3 0
90 0 50 0 0 0 3.5 0
30 0 50 0 0 0 4 0
50 0 50 0 0 0 6 0

;window 9.5,10.1 1.0,1.6

;plot block contact hold

jset
jset
jset
jset

plot block num hold

;print max
;delete area 3e-2

block 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 0

round 0.1
block 0,0 0,10 10,10 10,0

jset 45,0 20,0 0,0 2,0

jset -10,0 20,0 0,0 1.5,0

; File: Geom_5.dat
new

; File: Geom_4.dat

new

File Geom_5.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Geom_4.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

plot block num table 5 red hold

;delete inside table 5

plot table 5 both hold

crack -5,15 5,-10
crack table 5 ; <-- works with version
4.0

return

plot block num hold

crack -5,15 5,-10

arc 0,5 2,5 180

crack -2,0 -2,5
crack -2,0 2,0
crack 2,0 2,5

block -10,-10 -10,15 10,15 10,-10

round 0.1

File Geom_3b.dat

File Geom_3a.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 3

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 9

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block hold

;voronoi edge 1.0

voronoi edge 1.0 iter 50

delete range 0,10 5,10

delete range 10,15 5,10

crack 0,5 10,5

crack 10,5 15,10
crack 10,12.5 15,-2.5

block 0,0 0,10 25,10 25,0

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 11

-2,0 -2,5
-2,0 2,0
2,0 2,5
-5,15 5,-10

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block hold

;voronoi edge 1.0

voronoi edge 1.0 iter 50

crack
crack
crack
crack

arc 0,5 2,5 180

round 0.01
block -10,-10 -10,15 10,15 10,-10

; File: Geom_9.dat
new

; File: Geom_8.dat

new

round 0.01

File Geom_9.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

File Geom_8.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block hold

jset 0 0 3 1 .25 .2 .5 .2
jset 70 0 3 1 .25 .2 .5 .2

jset 45,0 20,0 0,0 1,0

jset -45,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
jset -45,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 -1,0.35354
plot block hold
;step 0
;plot block hold

round .01
block cir 0 0 5 40

round 0.1

; File: Geom_7.dat
new

; File: Geom_6.dat

new

block 0,0 0,10 10,10 10,0

File Geom_7.dat

File Geom_6.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 12

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 10

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 4

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 13

-2,0 -2,5
-2,0 2,0
2,0 2,5
-5,15 5,-10

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot zone yellow block red hold

;print max
;print zone
;print grid

gen edge 2.0

crack
crack
crack
crack

arc 0,5 2,5 180

round 0.01
block -10,-10 -10,15 10,15 10,-10

new

; File: Geom_12.dat

File Geom_12.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 15

plot zone yellow block red hold

return

plot zone yellow block red hold

return

-2,0 -2,5
-2,0 2,0
2,0 2,5
-5,15 5,-10

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 14

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 16

Geom_13.dat is similar to Geom_12.dat, this time the command gen quad... is issued
to attempt to produce a quadrilateral (mapped) mesh. The meshing process fails for
some regions.

...

gen quad 2.0

crack
crack
crack
crack

...

File Geom_13.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

;print max
;print zone
;print grid

;print max
;print zone
;print grid

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

delete range 0,10 5,10

delete range 10,15 5,10
gen quad 0.5

delete range 0,10 5,10

delete range 10,15 5,10

crack 0,5 10,5

crack 10,5 15,10
crack 10,12.5 15,-2.5

crack 0,5 10,5

crack 10,5 15,10
crack 10,12.5 15,-2.5

gen edge 0.5

round 0.01
block 0,0 0,10 25,10 25,0

round 0.01

; File: Geom_11.dat
new

; File: Geom_10.dat

new

block 0,0 0,10 25,10 25,0

File Geom_11.dat

File Geom_10.dat

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 5

36

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

tunnel 0,0
...

jset 60.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 1.0,0 range jregion 1

jset 20.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 0.75,0 range jregion 1
jset -30.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 0.5,0 range jregion 1

jreg id 1 (-12,-12) (-12,12) (12,12) (12,-12)

crack (-30,12) (30,12)

crack (-30,-12) (30,-12)

crack (-12,-30) (-12,30)

crack (12,-30) (12,30)

block (-30,-30) (-30,30) (30,30) (30,-30)

round 0.01

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 19

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block red hold

;plot zone hold

delete annulus 0,0 0,2

...
gen edge 0.5 range -12,12 -12,12
gen edge 1.0

; File: Geom_Tunnel.dat

new

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Geom_Tunnel.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 17

File Geom_Tunnel.dat - continuation

File Geom_Tunnel.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Geom_Tunnel.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 20

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 18

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 6

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

jset 60.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 2.0,0 range jregion 1

jset 20.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 2.5,0 range jregion 1
jset -30.0,0 1e6,0 0,0 1.5,0 range jregion 1

jreg id 1 (-50,-30) (-50,20) (50,20) (50,-30)

crack -100,0 -10,0

crack -10,0 10,20
crack 10,20 100,20

crack (-100,-30) (100,-30)

crack (-50,-60) (-50,20)
crack (50,-60) (50,20)

block (-100,-60) (-100,20) (100,20) (100,-60)

round 0.01

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 23

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block red hold

;plot zone hold

delete region -100,0 -100,20 10,20 -10,0

...
gen edge 2.0 range -50,50 -12,12
gen edge 4.0

; File: Geom_Slope.dat

new

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Geom_Slope.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 21

File Geom_Slope.dat - continuation

File Geom_Slope.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Geom_Slope.dat

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 24

UDEC Sample Models #1 - 22

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 7

mat
mat
mat
mat

6
6
6
6

dens 2600
shear 0.80e9 bulk 1.33e9
cohe 1e6 fric 35.0
tens 0.1e6 dil 17.5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

plot model block hold

plot block mat hold

prop
prop
prop
prop

prop mat 5 dens 2500 shear 0.40e9 bulk 0.67e9

change mat 5 range region -10,-10 -10,15 -5,15 5,-10

change mat 6 range region 5,-10 -5,15 10,15 10,-10

change cons 1 range region -10,-10 -10,15 -5,15 5,-10

change cons 3 range region 5,-10 -5,15 10,15 10,-10

gen edge 1.0

...

File Mat_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 1

Definition of material constitutive models for blocks and joints

UDEC Sample Models #2

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 8

jmat
jmat
jmat
jmat
jmat

2
2
2
2
2

jkn 1e9 jks 1e9

jcohe 1e6 jfric 30.0
jdil 15.0 jtens 0.1e6
jrescohe 0.5e6 jrfric 15.0
jrtens 0.05e6

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

plot jcons hold

plot mat joint hold

prop
prop
prop
prop
prop

prop jmat 1 jkn 1e11 jks 1e11

prop jmat 1 jcohe 1e20 jfric 30.0
prop jmat 1 jdil 30.0 jtens 1e20

change jmat 1
change jmat 2 range angle -69.2,-67.2

change jcons 2
change jcons 5 range angle -69.2,-67.2

gen edge 1.0

...

File Mat_2.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_1.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 7

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_2.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_2.dat

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 9

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

print prop joints

plot jcons hold

plot mat joint hold

prop jmat 4 jkn 1e9 jks 1e9

prop jmat 4 jcohe 1.5e6 jfric 35.0
prop jmat 4 jdil 17.5 jtens 0.75e6

prop jmat 3 jkn 1e9 jks 1e9

prop jmat 3 jcohe 0.5e6 jfric 25.0
prop jmat 3 jdil 12.5 jtens 0.05e6

prop jmat 2 jkn 1e9 jks 1e9

prop jmat 2 jcohe 1e6 jfric 30.0
prop jmat 2 jdil 15.0 jtens 0.1e6

prop jmat 1 jkn 1e11 jks 1e11

prop jmat 1 jcohe 1e20 jfric 30.0
prop jmat 1 jdil 0.0 jtens 1e20

...

File Mat_3.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_2.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 11

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 9

jmat
jmat
jmat
jmat
1
2 range angle -69.2,-67.2
3 range id 10
4 range id 20

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_3.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

change
change
change
change

change jcons 2

gen edge 1.0

jset 45,0 20,0 0,0 2,0 id = 10

jset -10,0 20,0 0,0 1.5,0 id = 20

crack -5,15 5,-10

crack -2,0 -2,5

crack -2,0 2,0
crack 2,0 2,5

arc 0,5 2,5 180

round 0.01
block -10,-10 -10,15 10,15 10,-10

new

; File: Mat_3.dat

File Mat_3.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 12

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 10

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 10

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Mat_3.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #2 - 13

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 11

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot zone green block red bou xcond hold

plot zone green block red bou ycond hold

;print bou force

;print bou veloc

;print zone
;print grid

bound xvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress 0.0,0.5e6,-1.0e6 range yrange 0.99,1.01

gen quad 0.1

block (0,0) (0,1) (1,1) (1,0)

crack (0,0.5) (1,0.5)

round 0.01

new

; File: Bound_1.dat

File Bound_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Application of boundary conditions

UDEC Sample Models #3

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Bound_2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Bound_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 12

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

;plot block num hold

print blocks
print rigid

fix yrange 0.0,0.5

load yload -1.0e6 xload 0.5e6 range yrange 0.5,1.0

block (0,0) (0,1) (1,1) (1,0)

crack (0,0.5) (1,0.5)

round 0.01

new

; File: Bound_3.dat

File Bound_3.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot zone green block red bou xcond hold

plot zone green block red bou ycond hold

;print bou force

;print bou veloc

;print zone
;print grid

bound xvel 0.5e-2 range yrange 0.99,1.01

bound yvel -1.0e-2 range yrange 0.99,1.01

bound xvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

gen quad 0.1

block (0,0) (0,1) (1,1) (1,0)

crack (0,0.5) (1,0.5)

round 0.01

new

; File: Bound_2.dat

File Bound_2.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 7

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Bound_4.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Bound_3.dat

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 13

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

;plot block num hold

print blocks
print rigid

init bxvel 0.0 byvel 0.0 range yrange 0.0,0.5

fix yrange 0.0,0.5

init bxvel 0.5e-2 range yrange 0.5,1.0

init byvel -1.0e-2 range yrange 0.5,1.0
fix yrange 0.5,1.0

block (0,0) (0,1) (1,1) (1,0)

crack (0,0.5) (1,0.5)

round 0.01

new

; File: Bound_4.dat

File Bound_4.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #3 - 9

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 14

xvel
xvel
yvel
yvel

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

range
range
range
range
xrange
xrange
yrange
yrange
-10.01,-9.99
9.99,10.01
-10.01,-9.99
14.99,15.01

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block sxx fill bou xcond bou ycond block hold
;plot block syy fill block zone yellow hold
;plot stress hold

;print zone stress

;print zone principal
;print contact stress

bound
bound
bound
bound

insitu stress (-1.0e6,0.0,-2.0e6)

insitu szz -1.0e6

...

round 0.01
block -10,-10 -10,15 10,15 10,-10

new

; File: Init_1.dat

File Init_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Initialization of stresses

UDEC Sample Models #4

UDEC Sample Models #4 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #4 - 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Init_2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Init_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #4 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #4 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 15

info
zone stress
zone principal
contact stress

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

plot block sxx fill bou xcond bou ycond block hold
;plot block syy fill block zone yellow hold
;plot stress hold

;print
;print
;print
;print

bound xvel 0.0 range xrange -10.01,-9.99

bound xvel 0.0 range xrange 9.99,10.01
bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -10.01,-9.99

set grav 0,-10.0

insitu stress (-187.5e3,0.0,-375.0e3) ygrad (12.5e3,0.0,25.0e3)

insitu szz -187.5e3 zgrad (0.0,12.5e3)

gen edge 1.0

...

File Init_2.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #4 - 5

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 16

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 1

Computation of the model and extraction of results

UDEC Sample Models #5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Comp_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 17

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

his unbal ; <-- history #1

his ydisp 0.5,1.0 ; <-- history #2
his syy 0.25,0.6 ; <-- history #3

his ncyc 1

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress 0,0,-1e6 range yrange 0.99,1.01

change mat 1
prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9

change cons 1

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

round 0.01

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 7

block zone block mag 100 red disp yellow his hold
his 1 hold
his 2 hold
his 3 hold

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

;his write 1
;his write 2 history_2.his
;his write 3 history_3.his

plot
plot
plot
plot

solve
;cycle 500
;step 500

label hist 2
** Y displacement **

...
label hist 1
** Unbalanced force **

new

title
Analysis of sample model

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

; File: Comp_1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 5

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Comp_1.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #5 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 18

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Loading of blocks.
Validation of constitutive material models.

UDEC Sample Models #6

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress 0,0,-1e6 range yrange 0.99,1.01

change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block

prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9

change cons 1 ; <-- make block elastic

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

round 0.01

;set small on; <-- works with version 4.0

new

; File: Model_A1.dat

File Model_A1.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 19

solve

block zone disp red hold

his 1 hold
his 2 hold
his 3 hold

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A2.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot
plot
plot
plot

print grid disp range yrange 0.9,1.1

print zone stress

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 5

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 7

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A3.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 6

Model_A2.dat is similar to Model_A1.dat, this time a Mohr-Coulomb material with zero cohesion
is assigned to the block, as a result the zones in the block undergo plastic failure and no
equilibrium state is possible.

...

change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block

prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9 cohe 0.0 fric 30.0

change cons 3 ; <-- make block (MC) plastic

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

round 0.01

; File: Model_A2.dat
new

ncyc 1
unbal
ydisp 0.5,1.0
syy 0.25,0.6

...

File Model_A2.dat

his
his
his
his

File Model_A1.dat - continuation

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 20

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 9

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A4.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block

prop mat 1 dens _dens bulk _bulk shear _shear
...

change cons 1 ; <-- make block elastic

DEF _mech_variables
;
_dens = 2000.0
_young = 1e9
_poiss = 0.25
;
_bulk = _young/3.0/(1.0-2.0*_poiss)
_shear = _young/2.0/(1.0+_poiss)
;
END
_mech_variables

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 11

new

ncyc 1
unbal
ydisp 0.5,1.0
syy 0.25,0.6

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

print grid disp range yrange 0.9,1.1

print zone stress
plot ydisp fill zone hold

cycle nsteps_to_run

his
his
his
his

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound yvel _applied_yvel range yrange 0.99,1.01

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 12

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 10

DEF _compute_applied_velocity
nsteps_to_run = 2000
_time_step = tdel ; <-- tdel is the 'time-step' internal variable
_desired_ydisp = 0.01
_applied_yvel = -_desired_ydisp/float(nsteps_to_run*_time_step)
END
_compute_applied_velocity

...
step 0

; File: Model_A3.dat

round 0.01

File Model_A3.dat - continuation

File Model_A3.dat - continuation

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 21

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 13

set grav 0 _grav_NEG

his 1 hold
syy fill zone disp hold
ydisp fill zone disp hold
syy grid 100,100 fill int 0.25e3 zone disp hold

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 15

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

...
DEF _numerical_solution
loop i (1,8)
_depth = 1.0-(0.125*0.5+(i-1)*0.125)
_y_target = 1.0-_depth
_pnt = z_near(0.0,_y_target)
_z_y = z_y(_pnt)
_z_syy = z_syy(_pnt)
_z_sxx = z_sxx(_pnt)
ytable(61,i) = -(1.0-_z_y)
xtable(61,i) = -_z_syy
ytable(62,i) = -(1.0-_z_y)
xtable(62,i) = -_z_sxx
end_loop
loop i (1,9)
_depth = 1.0-(i-1)*0.125
_y_target = 1.0-_depth
_pnt = gp_near(0.0,_y_target)
_gp_y = gp_y(_pnt)
_gp_ydis = gp_ydis(_pnt)
ytable(63,i) = -(1.0-_gp_y)
xtable(63,i) = -_gp_ydis
end_loop
END
_numerical_solution

DEF _analytical_solution
_npts = 200
loop i (1,_npts)
_depth = 1.0-float(i-1)/float(_npts-1)
_syy = _gamma*_depth
_sxx = _syy*(_nu)/(1-_nu)
_uy = 0.5*(1+_nu)*(1-2*_nu)/(1-_nu)/_young*_gamma*(1-_depth^2)
ytable(51,i) = -_depth
xtable(51,i) = _syy
ytable(52,i) = -_depth
xtable(52,i) = _sxx
ytable(53,i) = -_depth
xtable(53,i) = _uy
end_loop
END
_analytical_solution

...

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

...

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

plot
plot
plot
plot

solve

his ncyc 1
his unbal

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

change cons 1 ; <-- make block elastic

...

DEF _mech_variables
_dens = 2000.0
_young = 1e9
_nu = 0.25
_bulk = _young/3.0/(1.0-2.0*_nu)
_shear = _young/2.0/(1.0+_nu)
_grav = 10.0
_grav_NEG = -_grav
_gamma = _grav*_dens
;
END
_mech_variables

gen quad 0.125001

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound xvel 0.0 range xrange -0.01,0.01
bound xvel 0.0 range xrange 0.99,1.01

...
change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block
prop mat 1 dens _dens bulk _bulk shear _shear

; File: Model_A4.dat

new

round 0.01
block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 16

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 14

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 22

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A6.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot table 51 line 52 line 61 cross 62 cross hold

plot table 53 line 63 cross hold

...

File Model_A4.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 19

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 17

ygrad (10000.0,0,20000.0)

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A6.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 20

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 18

Model_A5.dat is similar to Model_A4.dat, this time the vertical stress is initialized to the
lithostatic stress; as a result, the model is already in equilibrium and when the solve
command is issued, UDEC performs 2 cycles, and exits the computation loop, reporting that
the unbalanced force is below the admissible limit (for equilibrium).

...

solve

his ncyc 1
his unbal

insitu stress (-10e3,0,-20e3)

set grav 0 _grav_NEG

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound xvel 0.0 range xrange -0.01,0.01
bound xvel 0.0 range xrange 0.99,1.01

...

File Model_A5.dat

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 23

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 21

change cons 1
change mat 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A7.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

bound stress 0,0,-1e6 range yrange 0.99,1.01

bound xvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

change jcons 2
change jmat 1
prop jmat 1 jkn 0.1e9 jks 0.01e9 jfric 30 jcohe 1e20

prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e11 shear 0.4e11

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 23

plot
plot
plot
plot

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

crack 0,0.2113 1,0.7887

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A7.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

zone cont num hold

zone disp yellow hold
block clos yellow hold
block shear red hold

print contact stress

print contact disp

round 0.001
set ovtol 0.1

gen quad 0.5001

...
solve

; File: Model_A6.dat

new

File Model_A6.dat - continuation

File Model_A6.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 24

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 22

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 24

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

unbal ; <-- history #1

_sig_axial ; <-- history #2
_eps_axial ; <-- history #3
_eps_lateral ; <-- history #4
_eps_vol ; <-- history #5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

his
his
his
his
his

his ncyc 1

DEF _eps_vol
_eps_vol = _eps_lateral + _eps_axial
END

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 27

DEF _eps_lateral
_eps_lateral = ( gp_xdis(_pnt_gp_RIGHT) - gp_xdis(_pnt_gp_LEFT) ) / 1.0
END

DEF _eps_axial
_eps_axial = gp_ydis(_pnt_gp_TOP) / 1.0
END

...

block zone yellow plast disp hold

his -2 vs -3 hold
his -4 vs -3 hold
his -5 vs -3 hold

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot
plot
plot
plot

bound yvel _yvel_load range yrange 0.99,1.01

cycle nsteps_load

bound yvel _yvel_unload range yrange 0.99,1.01

cycle nsteps_unload

bound yvel _yvel_load range yrange 0.99,1.01

cycle nsteps_load

File Model_A7.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

...
DEF _sig_axial
_sig_axial = z_syy(_pnt_zone_TOP)
END

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 25

ygrad (0,0,0)

bound stress -1e6,0,0 range xrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress -1e6,0,0 range xrange 0.99,1.01

insitu stress (-1e6,0,-1e6)

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 28

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 26

change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block

prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9 cohe 0.2887e6 fric
30.0 dil 15

change cons 3 ; <-- make block (MC) plastic

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

round 0.01

;set small on; <-- works with version 4.0

new

; File: Model_A7.dat

File Model_A7.dat - continuation

File Model_A7.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A7.dat - continuation

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 25

ncyc 1
unbal
ydisp 0.5,1.0
syy 0.25,0.6

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

cycle nsteps_load

bound yvel _yvel_load range yrange 0.99,1.01

his
his
his
his

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 31

...
plot block zone yellow zone_pp fill disp hold
plot block zone yellow plast disp hold
plot his -3 vs -2 hold

DEF _compute_applied_velocity
command
step 0
end_command
nsteps_load = 1000
nsteps_unload = 500
_time_step = tdel ; <-- tdel is the 'time-step' internal variable
_target_ydisp_load = -4.5e-3
_target_ydisp_unload = 2.25e-3
_yvel_load = _target_ydisp_load/float(nsteps_load*_time_step)
_yvel_unload = _target_ydisp_unload/float(nsteps_unload*_time_step)
END
_compute_applied_velocity

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

print zone pp

File Model_A8.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 29

...

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress -1e6,0,0 range xrange -0.01,0.01

bound stress -1e6,0,0 range xrange 0.99,1.01

initial sxx -1e6

initial syy -1e6
initial zone_pp 0.25e6

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 32

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 30

change mat 1 ; <-- material number for block

prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9 cohe 0.2887e6 fric
30.0

change cons 3 ; <-- make block (MC) plastic

gen quad 0.5001

block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0

round 0.01

;set small on; <-- works with version 4.0

new

; File: Model_A8.dat

File Model_A8.dat - continuation

File Model_A8.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A8.dat

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 26

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A9.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A9.dat

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 35

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 33

-0.5,-0.5 -0.5,0.5 1.5,0.5 1.5,-0.5

-0.5,0 1.5,0
0,0 0,0.5
1,0 1,0.5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

change jcons 2
change jmat 1 range yrange -0.01,0.01
prop jmat 1 jkn 100e6 jks 100e6 jfric 30 jcohe 0.05e6 jdil 15
...

change cons 1
prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 6.67e9 shear 4e9

gen quad 1.0001 range yrange 0,0.5

gen quad 2.0001 range yrange -0.5,0

del -0.5,0 0,0.5

del 1,1.5 0,0.5

block
crack
crack
crack

round 0.001
set ovtol 0.1

;set small on; <-- works with version 4.0

new

; File: Model_A9.dat

File Model_A9.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_A9.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 36

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 34

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 27

1
2
3
4

reset his
his ncyc 1
his ndis 0.25,0
his sdis 0.25,0
his nstr 0.25,0
his sstr 0.25,0
;
;
;
;
<-<-<-<-his
his
his
his
1
2
3
4

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 37

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot his 4 vs 2 hold

plot his 1 vs 2 hold

his
his
his
his

DEF _compute_applied_velocity
nsteps_shear = 10000
command
step 0
end_command
_time_step = tdel ; <-- tdel is the 'time-step' internal variable
_target_xdisp = 4e-3
_xvel_shear = _target_xdisp/float(nsteps_shear*_time_step)
END
_compute_applied_velocity

<-<-<-<-cycle nsteps_shear

;
;
;
;

plot block zone bou xcond bou ycond zone disp yellow hold

1
0.25,0
0.25,0
0.25,0
0.25,0

step 5000

ncyc
ndis
sdis
nstr
sstr

bound xvel _xvel_shear range -0.01,1.01 -0.01,0.51

...

File Model_A9.dat - continuation

plot block zone bou xcond bou ycond zone disp yellow hold

his
his
his
his
his

bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.51,-0.49

bound xvel 0.0 range yrange -0.51,-0.49
bound stress 0,0,-0.1e6 range yrange 0.49,0.51

...

File Model_A9.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #6 - 38

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 28

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Files Model_B_a1.dat and Model_B_a2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Problems involving simple stability analysis

UDEC Sample Models #7

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 1

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_B_a3.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Files Model_B_a1.dat and Model_B_a2.dat

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 29

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

Files Model_B_b1.dat and Model_B_b2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_B_b1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 7

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 5

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_B_b3.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_B_b2.dat

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 30

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File Model_B_b4.dat

UDEC Sample Models #7 - 9

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 31

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

1. Slope Problem - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 3

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 1

Problems involving excavation of Tunnels and Slopes

UDEC Sample Models #8

1. Slope Problem

1:
2:
3:
4:

Creation of the geometry of the model.

Computing initial state of equilibrium (compatible with initial stresses).
Excavation of the slope.
Application of a surcharge to the crest of the slope.

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

1. Slope Problem - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 2

The definition of the model is presented in the following slides.

-Stage
-Stage
-Stage
-Stage

The UDEC model is structured in the following 4 parts (or stages):

The problem involves excavation of a slope in a semi-infinite jointed medium (bounded

by a horizontal surface) and subsequent loading of the crest of the slope until failure
takes place.

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 32

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

2. Tunnel Problem A - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

1. Slope Problem - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 7

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 5

2. Tunnel Problem A

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

2. Tunnel Problem A - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 6

The definition of the model is presented in the following slides.

-Stage 1: Creation of the geometry of the model.

-Stage 2: Computing initial state of equilibrium.
-Stage 3: Excavation of the tunnel.

The UDEC model is structured in the following 3 stages:

The problem involves excavation of deep tunnel (i.e., gradient of initial stresses due to
gravity is neglected) in a jointed medium. No support is considered for the tunnel.

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 33

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

3. Tunnel Problem B

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

2. Tunnel Problem A - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 11

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 9

3. Tunnel Problem B

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

3. Tunnel Problem B - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 12

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 10

The problem is similar to the 2. Tunnel Problem A, this time the tunnel has a horseshoe shape (geometry has been defined in an AutoCad .dxf file) and the blocks are
considered to be deformable and to obey a Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic model.
The initial stresses correspond to a system of principal stresses rotated 20 degrees
with respect to the horizontal.

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 34

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

3. Tunnel Problem B - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

3. Tunnel Problem B - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 15

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 13

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 14

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 16

The problem is similar to 3. Tunnel Problem B. This time rockbolts (or cables) and
shotcrete are considered as reinforcement and support respectively.
In this problem cables and shotcrete are installed just after excavation (i.e., no
relaxation of the rock mass that accounts for the presence of the tunnel front
is considered)

4. Tunnel with Support

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

3. Tunnel Problem B - continuation

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 35

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 19

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 20

5. Tunnel with Water

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 18

The problem is similar to 3. Tunnel Problem B. This time the medium is saturated
with a water pore-pressure value of 10 MPa. The excavation is assumed to be underwater (water is not pumped out from the tunnel during excavation).

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

5. Tunnel with Delayed Support

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 17

4. Tunnel with Support - continuation

The problem is similar to 4. Tunnel with Support. This time the initial stresses are
allowed to relax 30% of their initial values before installation of the cables and
shotcrete. This simulates the beneficial effect of the presence of the tunnel front at the
time of installation of the support. The FISH function zonk.fis provided and
documented in the section Library of FISH Functions of the FISH IN UDEC volume is
used to relax the initial stresses.

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

4. Tunnel with Support - continuation

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 36

6. Tunnel in Hoek-Brown material

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #8 - 21

The problem is similar to 3. Tunnel Problem B. This time the blocks in the medium
are assumed to obey the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for intact rock. The FISH
function hoek.fis provided and documented in the section Library of FISH Functions
of the FISH IN UDEC volume is used to implement the Hoek-Brown failure criterion in
UDEC.

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 37

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

plot block hold

return

pause

set _a = 30
set _b = 60
_example_function
print fish

set _a = 10
set _b = 20
_example_function
print fish

pause

block _x0,_y0 _x0,_y1 _x1,_y1 _x1,_y0

round 0.01

DEF _variables_block
;
_x0 = 5.0
_x1 = 19.0
_y0 = 5.0
_y1 = 15.0
;
END
_variables_block

DEF _example_function
_c = _a + _b
END

print fish

; File: Fish_A_a3.dat
new

; File: Fish_A_a2.dat

new

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 3

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

File FISH_A_a3.dat

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 1

return

print fish

_example_function

pause

print fish

DEF _example_function
_a = 10
_b = 20
_c = _a + _b
END

File FISH_A_a2.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

FISH programming. Basic examples

UDEC Sample Models #9

new

; File: Fish_A_a1.dat

File FISH_A_a1.dat

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 4

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 2

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 38

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

print _size_table_11

print table 10
print table 11

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

; ------------------------------round 0.01
block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0
gen quad 0.5001
change cons 1
change mat 1
prop mat 1 dens 2000 bulk 0.667e9 shear 0.4e9
bound yvel 0.0 range yrange -0.01,0.01
bound stress 0,0,-1e6 range yrange 0.99,1.01
his ncyc 1
his unbal
his ydisp 0.5,1.0
his syy 0.25,0.6
solve
; -------------------------------

; File: Fish_A_b1.dat
new

File FISH_A_b1.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 7

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 5

...

DEF _fill_table_11
;
loop i (1,5)
_xvalue = float(i) - 1.0
_yvalue = _xvalue^2
xtable(11,i) = _xvalue
ytable(11,i) = _yvalue
end_loop
;
_size_table_11 = table_size(11)
;
END
_fill_table_11

plot table 10 both hold

table 10 &
(0,0) &
(1,1) &
(2,4) &
(3,9) &
(4,16)

new

; File: Fish_A_a5.dat

File FISH_A_a5.dat

plot table 11 both hold

File FISH_A_a5.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

plot block hold

DEF _create_block
;
_x0 = 5.0
_x1 = 19.0
_y0 = 5.0
_y1 = 15.0
;
command
block _x0,_y0 _x0,_y1 _x1,_y1 _x1,_y0
round 0.01
end_command
;
END
_create_block

new

; File: Fish_A_a4.dat

File FISH_A_a4.dat

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 8

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 6

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 39

_id
_sxx
_sxy
_syy
_szz
_xcen
_ycen

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

print zone stress

print
print
print
print
print
print
print

;plot zone num hold

...

File FISH_A_b2.dat - continuation

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

step 0

print _tdel
print _step

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 9

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 11

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

DEF _gridpoint_variables
;
_pnt_gp = gp_near(0.75,0.75)
;
_id = _pnt_gp
_x = gp_x(_pnt_gp)
_y = gp_y(_pnt_gp)
_xvel = gp_xvel(_pnt_gp)
_yvel = gp_yvel(_pnt_gp)
_xdis = gp_xdis(_pnt_gp)
_ydis = gp_ydis(_pnt_gp)
;
END
_gridpoint_variables

; ------------------------------round 0.01
block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0
...
solve
; -------------------------------

new

; File: Fish_A_b3.dat

File FISH_A_b3.dat

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

...

DEF _zone_variables
;
_pnt_zone = z_near(0.8,0.6)
;
_id = _pnt_zone
_sxx = z_sxx(_pnt_zone)
_sxy = z_sxy(_pnt_zone)
_syy = z_syy(_pnt_zone)
_szz = z_szz(_pnt_zone)
_xcen = z_x(_pnt_zone)
_ycen = z_y(_pnt_zone)
;
END
_zone_variables

; ------------------------------round 0.01
block 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0
...
solve
; -------------------------------

; File: Fish_A_b2.dat
new

...

File FISH_A_b2.dat

DEF _scalar_variables
;
_tdel = tdel
_step = step
;
END
_scalar_variables

File FISH_A_b1.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 12

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 10

Short Course on DEM-UDEC Modelling

Singapore, 30 Aug - 1 Sep 2010

EXAMPLES - 40

_id
_x
_y
_xvel
_yvel
_xdis
_ydis

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

return

print grid disp

print
print
print
print
print
print
print

...

File FISH_A_b3.dat - continuation

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 13

Files Der.dat and Der.fish in FISH_LIBRARY folder

Discontinuum Modelling in Tunnelling

UDEC Sample Models #9 - 14

These files are documented in the FISH REFERENCE volume, Section 3, Library of
FISH functions.