CHAPTER 5

Pipe network analysis

5 . 1I n

problem 5 . 1a na l t e r n a t i v e

f l o w rates i nt h ep i p e s

way o fe v a l u a t i n gt h e

is p r e s e n t e d .T h i sa l t e r n a t i v e

r a t e s may also be u s e d i n

m e t h o do fe v a l u a t i n gp i p ef l o w
problems5.2-6.
S e eF i g u r e5 . 1 2

a)

i n text

Flow r a t e s i n p i p e cs a l c u l a t e df r o m

l&

-l

l-

Q = -2AJ2gDhf/L

w h e r em i n o r

log

2.51~
DJ2gDhf / L

losses a r e p r e s e n t h

i n i t i a l l ye q u a t i n g
SUCCeSSiVe

. t o Zi-Z.

is d e t e r m i n e db y

and
making
J
c o r r e c t i o n s as i n C h a p t e r 4 (EXxample 4.2)
h

f i,J

i . e . Az = 2(CQ-F)/C Q/H
Estimate ZB = 8 0 . 0 m

43

AB
1st

80.00

correct ion

20.00
167.35
8.367

B Cl

-20.00

B C2

2.180
-43.61
-20.00

41.11

C
AB

2nd

correction

82.63
12.603

96.27
6.89
13.97

B Cl

93.11

2.006
13.11

-33.11
-53.43
-1.64
1.61

B C2
1.72
-57.01
-33.11

-14.17
17.30

similar c o r r e c t i o n s u n t i l

Afterfurther

CQ-F

< 0.1 l / s ,

f i n a l v a l u e s:
ZB = 91.48 m

Q (11s)

Pipe
AB

107.56
52.05

BC 1

l(b)

BC2
S o l u t i o nb ys o l v i n g

i nt h ef o r m
i nw h i c h

Q = AV = A

55.51
t h e e q u a t i o nh L

g ( Z -Z

A is d e t e r m i n e df r o m

hL
/(D

ALVZ
+
2gD

KmV a

2g

+ Km)=

B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n ,o rf r o m

Moody c h a r t , o r C o l e b r o o k - W h i t ee q u a t i o n .
I nt h ef o l l o w i n ge x a m p l e s
but the final solution
The

B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n is u s e d

is s i m i l a r t o t h a t of method a).

d i f f e r e n c e is d u e t o t h e d i f f e r e n t f r i c t i o n f a c t o r

44

formulae used.
Estimate ZB

80.0 m

v)

1
rl

E-

v)

00

m
m

00
Ev)

CV
Erl

rl

Q,

9
CV
CV

"0.
rl

W
I

CV

E-

R!

(D

2
rl

v)

CD

rl

R!

CV

Q,

R!

CV

rl

(D

cjl

01
F4

m.W

rl

Q,

(D

v)

"0.
W

rl

Q,

CV
E-

rl

rl

m
rl
0

rl

0
0

0
0

CV
I

rl

0
CV

E-

U"

v)
rl

rl

rl

00

Q,

00

v)

(D

'4
rl

v)

CV

'4
rl

v)

Q,

E-

v)

E-

(D

v)

CV

In

4
rl

v)

rl

EErl

CV
Q,

rl

Q,
Q,

Q,

CD

rl

P-

v)

1
rl

E-

1
m

'4

m.
0

00

01
c-

rl

00

rl

CV

rl

rl

CV

CV

9
CV

CV

U
"

U"

P-

CV
0

CV

Q,

Q,

0"

.l+
k
k

"0.

m.

.l+

2cu

5E
S

45

00
W

m
I

CV

00

W
Q,

rl

c9

m
m

CV

v)

rl

rr)

+
rl

rl
rl

F4

'4
rl

rl

"0.

rl

rl

0
0

c,
0

P-

9
0

CV

00

m. 9

1 '4
CO

rl

CV

W
00

9
0

CV

CV

Q,

P-

'4

1 "0. ?
rl
0
Q,

E-

1
rl

F i n a lv a l u e s

ZB = 91.58 m; QAB = 108.94 l f s ;

B
'C

= 52.78

lfs;

QBCz = 56.07 l f s

in text

5.S
2 eF
e i g u r 5e . 1 2
E q u i v a l e n ts y s t e m :
100

The e f f e c t o f t h e
inheadacross

pump i n BC1 i s e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e g a i n

BC1 p r o d u c e d b y l o w e r i n g t h e l e v e l o f t h e

r e s e r v o i r by t h e pump h e a d , i . e .
T h es y s t e m

5 m.

shown i n ( b ) is t h e r e f o r e a n a l y s e d

as i n

p r o b l e m 1 w i t hf i n a lv a l u e s :
ZB = 90.98 m;
QBc,

QAB = 1 1 0 . 8 2 l f s ;

= 55.03 l / s

i n text

5.3
SeF
e igur5
e.13
Method a s i n p r o b l e m

Estimate ZB

5.l(a)

= 90.0

46

QBcl

= 55.78 l f s ;

Pipe 'I-'J
I,J
(H)

ZJ

Junction

1st

9.806
A B
98.06 10.00

correction

-15.45
B5.563
C-111.27
-20.00

90.00

1%

B D1

-30.00
-83.54
2.785

B D2

-30.00
-58.60
1.953

QJH

*Zs
(m)

-155.35
20.107

2nd

correction

B
74.55

A B

25.45

158.89
6.243

B C

4.55

-51.96
11.420

B D1

-14.55
-57.67

B D2

-14.55
-39.88
2.741

3.963

9.38

0.77

24.367

C o n t i n u e ,a n df i n a l l y :
ZB = 7 5 . 3 1 m
QAB = 1 5 6 . 4 3 11s;
QBDl= 5 9 . 2 0

5.4

SeF
e igure

l/s;

5.14

= 40.98

BC ( 4 0 11s) is s i m p l y t r e a t e d

a t B.

Method as i n p r o b l e m

5.l(a)

E s t i m a t e ZB = 1 3 0 . 0 0 m
AZB = Z(C(Q-F)/C

l/s

i nt e x t

Note t h a t t h e f l o w a l o n g
a ne x t e r n a lo u t f l o w

QBc = 5 6 . 2 9 11s;

QIH)

47

as

Pipe
I,J

Junction

H (m)
(Z,-ZJ>

QIH

Q(l1s)

A B

20.00

126.32

6.316

D B

-40.00

-76.09

1.902

AZ ( m )

2.49

(1st c o r r e c t i o n )

50.23
8.218

Z J = 132.49
B

A B

17.51

117.69

6.722

D B

-42.49

-78.54

1.848

-0.2
(2ndcorrection)

39.15
8.570

C o n t i n u e ,a n df i n a l l y :
ZB = 132.3 m
QAB = 118 11s;

Flow r a t e s :

$D

78.4 11s

The pump i n BC is r e q u i r e d t o o v e r c o m e t h e d i f f e r e n c e
pressureheadelevationbetweentheendsofthepipe

( i . e . 145.0

132.3 = 12.7 m) i n a d d i t i o n

t o t h eh e a d

loss a l o n g t h e p i p e .
VBc

0.8148 m l s ;

R e = 2.884 X 105

U s i n g B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n ( o r Moody d i a g r a m )

0.01672 a n dh f

0.01672 X 4000 X 0.81482

= 9.05 m

..

Pump t o t a l h e a d ( H m ) = 12.7
Power
consumption,

P =

9.05

21.75 m

k~

w h e r e q = e f f i c i e n c y (decimal)

:.

P =

9.81 X 0.04 X 21.75

14.22 kW

in

S e eF i g u r e

5.5

Estimate ZB
Junction

5.15 i n t e x t
120.0 m;

Pipe

zJ

ZD = 9 0 . 0 m

120.00

1st c o r r e c t i o n

'I-'J

I,J

(=H)

AB

528.96
80.00
6.612

C B

-40.00
-122.83
3.071
-6.76

DB

-30.00
-494.52
16.484

C
D

AzJ

(11s)

(m>

-88.39
26.167

18.646B433.34
D
23.24

1st c o r r e c t i o n

90.00D E
F D

-30.00
-170.77
5.692
10.20
-40.00

C
B

-122.83
3.071
139.74
27.409

6.361 A551.85
B
86.76

2nd c o r r e c t i o n

113.24

C B

B D

-33.24
-111.56
3.356
6.96
-13.04
-320.89
24.608

C
D

119.40
34.325

20.044
B 400.88
D
20.00

2nd c o r r e c t i o n

100.20

ED

-40.20
-198.78
4.945
4.61

F D

-50.20
-138.19
2.753

63.91
21.742

F i n a l v a l u e s:
ZB = 126.73 m; ZD = 109.41m; QAB = 505.30 1 1 s ;

%c

133.20 1 1 s ;

QBD = 372.10 1 1 s ;

QDE = 221.20 1 1 s ; 'QDF = 150.80 11s

49

text

See F i g u r e 5 . l 5 i n

5.6

E s t i m a t e ZB = 1 2 0 . 0 m ;
Junction

ZD = 9 0 . 0 m

Pipe
I,J

zJ

'I-'J

(=H)

(l/s)

Qm

AZJ

4.511

-13.80

A B 3.106
248.48
80.00
120.00B

1st c o r r e c t i o n

C B

-180.45
-40.00

D B

5.220
-156.61
-30.00
C

12.837
-88.58

B D 6.970
112.92
16.20

E 90.00

-16.70
D 2.851
-85.55
-30.00

1st correct ion

F D

-138.25
-40.00
3.456
C

2.880

2nd c o r r e c t i o n

270.11
AB

106.20

93.80

C B

-26.20
-144.99
5.534
-5.86

D B

-32.90
-164.43
4.998
C

2nd c o r r e c t i o n

148.24
B D

27.04

E D

-13.30
-55.70
4.188
-1.64

F D

-23.30
-104.12
4.469

73.30

-110.88
13.277

13.412
-39.31
5.482

14.139
-11.58

F i n a lv a l u e s :
ZB = 1 0 0 . 1 9 m;
QBc

= 126.7

ZD = 7 1 . 7 1 m ;

QAB = 279 l / s ;

l/s; QBD = 1 5 2 . 4l / s ;

QDE = 5 2 . 1 l / s ;

QDF = 1 0 0 . 3 l / s

50

S eF
e igure

5.7

5.16 i n t e x t

Analysisbyheadbalancemethod.

r a t e s shown i n t a b l e

Initiallyestimatedpipeflow

below.
losses i n p i p e s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e

Frictionhead

D a r c y - W e i s b a c he q u a t i o nw i t hf r i c t i o nf a c t o r ,

A determined

f r o mC o l e b r o o k - W h i t ee q u a t i o n .A l t e r n a t i v e l y

A c o u l d be

Moody d i a g r a m or B a r r s e q u a t i o n o r

obtainedfromthe

o t h e re x p l i c i tf o r m u l a .

A
1

AB

1.5
120.00
6.76
0.0146
27.14
0.2262

1st

BE

3.0
5.00
0.56
0.0215
0.89
0.1777
-10.94

correction EA

1.5

-80.00

A&

4.500.0152-15.070.1884

12.96 0.5923

BC

2.0
55.00
4.13
0.0158
31.20
0.5673

1st

CD

5.00
3.0
0.56
0.0215
0.89
0.1777

DE

2.0-35.002.630.0166-13.280.3793-7.54

El3

3.0
5.94
0.67
0.0208
1.21
0.2042

correction

AB

109.06
0.0147
6.14
22.57
0.2070

2nd

BE

0.0272
0.18
1.60
0.0719
0.12
-3.54

correction

2nd
correction

EA

CD

20.03 1.3285

3.470.4902

-90.94
5.12
0.0150
-19.22
0.2113

0.0246
-2.54
2.86
-0.26
0.1032

DE

-42.54
3.20
0.0162
-19.14
0.4499
-1.89

El3

0.0837
0.0261
0.16
0.22
1.94

C
51

4.291.1325

After further corrections

Pipe

5.8

(% <

Q (l/s)

0.01 m in any loop)

Junction

Head E l e v a t i o n ( m)

AB

104.8

39.03

F3

0.6

17.37

AE

95.2

18.14

BC

45.4

39.06

M=

4.6

ED

44.6

S e eF i g u r e5 . 1 7i nt e x t

I n i t i a l estimates of f l o w r a t e s :

1)

= 5 0 l / s ; QBE = 5 0 l / s ; QBDE = 1 0 0 11s

p r o c e d u r e a s i np r o b l e m5 . 7 .

BCE
1

2.0
6.0

50.0 0.0173
4.401
1.88
-50.0

0.088237

0.0192
2.25

0.1625
-8.123

7.4

-3.711
0.2507
BE 1.92
42.66.0
2

BCE
1

1.71

0.0194
-100.0

0.0159
3.22

2.15 57.4
-46.2

0.1398
5.958
-7.504

0.0750

-1.546

0.2148

3.6

0.01700.0995
5.713
2.08
0.1509
-6.971
0.0193

2.51
-1.258

0.2504

-7.0174

0.0728

BE 0.1434
6.2664
0.1941.9743.69

-96.40

3.10
0.0160

-0,7510 0.2167
52

1.74

F i n a l v a l u e s ( ChL < 0 . 0 1 m i n loop)

Q(l/s)

hL(m)

BCE

61.98

6.58

BE

44.91

6.58

BDE

93.10

6.58

Flow r a t e i n AB = 2 0 0 1 1 s ( = QEF)
V = 1.258 m / s :

k / D = 0.00033.

T o t a lh e a d

loss

= 2 X

0.0165.
hf

2.96 m

2.96 + 6.58 = 1 2 . 5 m

text

5.S
9 eF
e i g u r 5e . 1 i6n
T h ep r o c e d u r e

R e = 5 . 0 1 ~ 1 50

is i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h a t

of P r o b l e m5 . 7e x c e p t

d r o p a l o n g BC i s h f

thatthenethead

Hp ( h f - 1 5 . 0 ) .

Solution:
Pipe

Q( 1/

S )

J u n c t iHoeneal d
evation

(m)

AB

106.4

38.50

EB

6.1

25.03

AE

93.6

24.77

BC

52.5

39.78

CD

2.5

ED

37.5

5 . 1 0S e F
e igur5
e . 1 8i n

text

I n i t i a l flow estimates shown i n t a b l e .

53

AB

3.0

120.00

6.76

0.0160

23.800.1983

BH

3.0

20.00

1.13

0.0192

0.300.0149

FG

4.0

-70.00

5.26

0.0170-36.260.5179

GA

3.0

-110.00

6.20

0.0161-15.090.1372

BC

-20.00
4.0
1.50
0.0189
-1.23
0.0617
15.32

50.00
0.0174
3.75
4.0
14.20
0.2840
30.00
4.0
2.25
0.0181
2.66
0.0886
-16.48

DH

-10.00
4.0
0.75
0.0208
-0.68
0.0679

HB

-35.32
3.0
1.99
0.0178
-0.86
0.0243

HD

0.0184
26.48
1.99
0.1590
4.21
4.0

DE

20.00
0.0189
1.50
4.0
0.0617
1.23
-4.23

EF

15.32
0.4648

3.06
0.3622

-20.00
4.0
1.50
0.0189
-2.47
0.1233

FH 0.0182
0.0238
0.09
0.35
4.68
4.0

F i n a l values:
Pipe

Flow r a t e ( l / s )

hL (m)

AB

136.41

30.56

l3H

56.57

2.09

HF

2.51

0.03

GF

53.59

21.62

AG

93.59

11.06

BC

29.84

5.26

CD

9.84

0.33

HD

24.06

3.49

54

0 . 6DE
2

13.90

4 . 0FE
9

26.10

Junction

H e a d Elevation (m) 69.44

See Figure5.19

5.11

64.18
63.85
63.22
67.31
88.94

67.34

in text

Create a 'dunmy' p i p e between A & F with zero flaw and constant head

loss of -10 m.

AB

2.4

100.00

4.51

0.016
13.54

0.1354

BE

7.5

20.00

1.13

0.0211
0.65

0.0327

EF

2.4

-40.00

1.80

0.0176
-1.91
0.0476

FA

0.00

BC

4.51
80.00
7.5

CD

10.0

20.00

0.0215
2.81
1.50

DE

10.0

-60.00

4.51

0.0203

FB

7.5

-14.70

0.83

0.0218
-0.36

0.0000

2.28

0.2157

0.1586
0.0192
12.69
0.1404

-10.00

-31.81

0.0248
-16.67
0.8539

4.2794.70

0.016

12.14

0.1282

BE

0.28 4.94

0.0268

0.05

0.0099

EF

2.04
-45.30

0.0174

-2.42

0.0533

-10.00

BC
0.1771
15.89
0.0191
5.0689.76
2

29.76

2.23

0.0210
0.37
0.2040
6.07

DE

-50.24

3.77

0.0205

EB

-5.53 0.0253
0.31
C

55

9.76

0.5301

AB

FA

-5.3

-22.52

0.4483

-0.06

0.0010

-0.61
0.8404

0.59

Final values:
Pipe

Junction
H e a d (m)

(lis)

hL (m)

AB

95.31

12.30

BE

5.17

0.05

FE

44.69

2.35

BC

90.14

16.03

CD

30.14

6.20

FD

49.86

22.18

BE

5.17

0.05

87.70

71.67

56

D
65.48

E
87.66

90.00

5.12. All the matrixes and vectors needed for the

Gradient are (see Fig.5.18) :

NS = 1

[ ~ 1 2 ] = Connectivity
(10

7)

1
-

0
1

0
0

matrix; its dimension is

0
0

0
0

1
0

57

0
O

7 -1)

[A211 = Transposed matrix of [A121

0
0

1
-

0
1

1 - 1 - 1

-1

0
/

[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

[Q]=

1).

Discharges vector; dimension (10

[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head

1) .

vector;

1) .

[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

1) .

[q] = Water demand vector; dimension (7

1) .

[Q]

[HI

(m3/s)

(m)

-1

-1

0.05

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.03

59

[NI = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10

10). It

has 2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

60

[l'

= Identity matrix; dimension (10

10).

61

First i t e r a t i o n :

The previous matrixes

and vectors are valid for

The followingmatrixes

change i n each i t e r a t i o n .

[All]

= Diagonalmatrix;dimension
1 0 ) . I t has the value

C l i Q i ("i -l) on

the diagonal; coefficients

(10

and

no pumps e x i s t i n t h e

network .
The following table

shows the calculated values

for a.

AB

16.691

3.1831

0.01615
1669.1

0.116.691

BH

0.1

HF

0.1

5.6588

0.01661
2!7.223

2122.3

21.223

FG

0.1

5.6588

0.01667
7'2.593

1259.3

12.593

GA

0.1

3.1831

1.2.518
0.01615

BC

0.1

CD

0.1

625.9

12.518

6.259

1251.8

1 !; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
54.445

0.01667

5.6588

0.01667

5.6588

54.445

2722.3
21.223
21.223
0.01667
5.6588

5444.5
54.445
54.445
0,01667
5.6588

62

54.445

54.445

5444.5

5444.5

5.6588

0.0

62.59

272.23

725.93

125.18

544.45

272.23

544.45

272.23

544.45
J

[A1 l]' = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10 X 10) It

63

For this network [All1 = [ A l l ] .

166.91

62.59

272.23

725.93

125.18

544.45

272.23

544.45

272.23

544.45

To find Hi+l by equation (5.17) following a step

333.82

125.18

544.46

1451.86

250.36

1088.9

544.46

1088.9

544.46

1088.9

64

0.0030

0.0080

0.0018

0.0007

0.0040

0.0009

0.0016

0.0009

0.0018

0.0009

0.0000

0.0000

[A211 ([NI [AI l] ,

0.0030 -0.00800.00000.0000

0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0,0000 0.0000

0.0000 -0.0009 0.00000.0000

0.0009 -0.0016 0.00000.0000

0.00000.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0018 -0.0009 -0.0018 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0018 -0.0009

0.0018 -0,0007 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0009

0.0007 -0.0040 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0009

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0080-0.0018

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

65

0.0119-0.0009

0.0000

-0.00090.0028-0.0018

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000 -0.0080

0.0000

0.0000

0.00000.0000

0.0000

0.0000 -0.0009

0.0000 -0.0018 0.0046 -0.0018

0.0000

0.0000 -0.0018 0.0028 -0.0009

0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0034 -0.0007 -0.0018

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 -0.00070.0047

-0.0080 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0000 -.0.0018 0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0107

-292.9808
-276.7546
-268.6414
-253.7233
-223.8870
-33.0090

-279.3314

-276.7546
-865.4164
-616.2691
-515.6369
-314.3725
-46.3498

-312.5402

-268.6414
-616.2691
-790.0829
-646.5936
-359.6152
-53.0202

-329.1446

-253.7233
-515.6369
-646.5936
-938.0765
-434.0857
-63.9998

-318.5133

-223.8870
-314.3725
-359.6152
-434.0857
-583.0267
-85.9591

-297.2507

-33.0090
-46.3498
-53.0202
-63.9998
-85.9591
-226.3487

-43.0254

-279.3314
-312.5402
-329.1446
-318.5133
-297.2507
-43.8254

-380.0384

66

[A1 11[Q]

16.691

-100

-83.309

6.259

6.259

27.223

27.223

72.593

72.593

12.520

100

112.520

54.445

54.445

27.223

27.223

54.445

54.445

27.223

27.223

54.445

54.445
/

( [ A 2 1 ( [ N ] [A1 q

-')*

-0.29957

-0.1(

-0.19957

0.02000

0.00

0.02000

-0.03000

-0.10

0.07000

0.04000

0.00

0.04000

0.08000

0.10

-0.02000

-0.35942

0.00

-0.35942

0.08000
J

0.10

-0.02000
\

67

Thus,

To find

Node

(m)

45. ,615

2.955

-7.486

-4.879

43.890

83.206

42.642

Qi+lby equation (5.18) following a step

by step analysis, the following matrixes can be

found :

68

45.615

-54.385

-0.16292

-2.9723

-2.9723

-0.02374

1.2478

1.2478

0.00229

39.316

39.316

0.02708

-83.206

16.794

0.06708

-42.66

-42.66

-0.03918

-10.441

-10.441

-0,01918

50.128

50.128

0.04604

2.6066

2.6066

0.00479

48.769

0.04479

.48.769

69

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0 .5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

' i
r

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0 5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

70

0.05
0.05

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

71

Thus,

Q @/S)

Pipe
AB

0.21292

BH

0.07374

HF

0.04771

FG

0.02292

GA

-0.01708

BC

0.08918

CD

0.06918

DH

0.00396

DE

0 .. 04521

EF

0 ., 00521

72

A f t e r only s i xi t e r a t i o n s

thefollowingarethe

r e s u l t s : [m]

Iter 1

Iter 0

Iter 2

Iter 3

Node B

45.61E

72.944

Node C

2.95E

69.080

Node D

-7.486

71.397

63.924

Node E

-4.874

73.308

63.301

Node F

43.891:

75.484

67.39C

Node G

83.206

96.082

88.981

Node H

42.642

71.946

67.418

73

Iter 4

Iter 5

69.630
64.255
63.924
63.301
67.390
88.981
67.418

65.287
63.941
63.345
67.408
88.985
67.414

Iter 6
69.511

69.511

64.252

64.252

65.645
64.774
68.069
89.075
67.685

Pipe discharges [m3/sl

Iter 0

lPipe

Iter 1

Iter 2

Iter 3

Iter 4

Iter 5

Iter 6

AB

0.10

0.21292

0.14599

0.13665

0.13641

0.1363E

0.13638

BH

0.10

0.07374

0.04744

0.05451

0.05642

0.0565:

0.05655

HF

0.10

0.04771

0.01080

FG

0.10

0.02292

-0.04401

-0.0533:

-0,05359

-0.05362

-0.05362

GA

0.10

-0.0170E

-0.08401

-0.0933:

-0,09359

-0.09361

-0.09362

BC

0.10

0.0891E

0.04855

0.03211

0.02998

0.02984

0.02983

CD

0.10

0.0691E

0.02855

0.01212

0.00998

0.00984

DH

0.10

0.00396

-0.00664

-0.02441

-0.02400

-0.02404

DE

0.10

0.04521

0.01519

0.01655

0.01398

0.10

0.00521

-0.02481

-0.02342

EF

0.O O O l C

Finally,

64.253

88.981
67.418

74

0.00243

-0.02602

0.0025C

0.0138E
-0.02612

0.00251

0.00983
-0.02405
0.01387
-0.02613

Q (m3/ S

Pipe

IQI
(Us)

AB

BH

136.38

0.056551

0.13638

56.55

HF

2.51

FG

-0.05362

GA

-0.09362

0.00251

53.62
93.62
I

BC

CD

29.83

DH

0.02983

0.009831
-0.02405

24.05
I

DE

5 . 1 3 . All the

EF

9.83

13.87

matrixes

-0.026131

and

NT = 7
NN=5

NS = 1

75

26.13

vectors

the Gradient are (see Fig.5 . 3 ) :

0.01387

needed
for

[A121 =
(10

C o n n e c t i v i t y matrix; its dimension is

7).
F

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

[&l] = Transposed matrix of [A121

r-

-1

-1

-1

-1

1
0

[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

1).

76

:1

-1

0
1

[Q]=

Discharges vector; dimension (7

[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head vector;

1) .

[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

1) .

[q] = Water demand vector; dimension

1).

77

1) .

-1

IN]

F 0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-1

0.1

0.1

= Diagonal matrix; dimension (7

7) . It has

2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

78

[ I ] = Identity matrix; dimension (7

7).

First iteration:

The previous matrixes

and vectors are

valid for

all the iterations. The following matrixes

[All] = Diagonal matrix; dimension (7

7).

It has the value aiQi ("i -l) on the

and yare

zero as no pumps exist in the

79

The following table shows the calculated values for

a.

80.916

1088.9

2943.3

1088.9

1088.9

83.454

2943.3

80

[All] = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10

10) . It

on the diagonal.

For this network [A1 l]' = [All].

80.916

1088.9

2943.3

1088.9

1088.9

83.454

81

To find Hi+l by equation (5.17) following a step

by step analysis, the following matrixes can be

161.832

2177.8

5886.6

2177.8

2177.8

166.908

5886.6

0.00618

0.00046

0.00017

0.00046

0.00046

0.00599

0.00017

82

[A211([NI [A 111-I

f
0

0.00618
-0.00046

0.00046
-0.00017

-0.00017

0.00017

0.00017 -0.00046
0.00046
-0.00046

0.00599
0.00046

[A211([NI [A1 ll)-l [A121

0.00681
-0.00046
-0.00046
0.00063
-0.00017

-0.00017

0
0

-0.00017
0.00063
-0.00046

-0.00017

-0.00046
0.00109
-0,00046

83

0.00645
-0.00046

-151.6146
-131.0258
-81.3150
-60.1262
-4.3309
-131.0258-1896.0613-113.4514

-358.5138
-25.5121

-81.3150-113,4514-2646.2911-1164.5144-83.0506
-60.1262-358.5138-1164.5144
-4.3309

-25.5121

-83.0506

84

-1462.3621-104.2925
-104.2925

-162.4161

[A1 11 [Q]
r

8.092

-70

-61.908

108.890

108.890

294.330

294.330

108.890

108.890

108.890

108.890

8.345

-70

-61.655

294.330

294.330
c

-0.42255

-0.1

-0.32255

0.04000

0.04000

0.03000

0.03000

0.10000

0.1

0.00000

-0.27939

0.2

-0.47939

85

&

Thus,

758.758

86

TO find Qi+l by equation (5.18) following a Step

by step analysis, the following matrixes can be

44.997

-25.003

-0.1545

-87.749

-87.749

-0.04029

-1.7206

-1.7206

-0.00029

64.698

64.698

0.02971

55.533

55.533

0.0255

75.758

5.7584

0.0345

-24.772
c

-24.772
L

87

-0.00421
c

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

88

0.05

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

0.05
c

Thus,

89

After only seven iterations the following are

~~

Iter 0

Iter 1

Node B

0 -42.75;

Node C
Node D
Node E

~~

Iter 2

Node F

Iter 4

Iter 5

Iter 6

Iter 7

54.467

56.288

56.693

56.294

22.703

31.637

32.899

31.650

34.547
~

Iter 3

30.183

36.381

44.009

36.834

68.064

63.423

30.124

40.668

36.795

63.654

63.418

P i p e discharges [ m 3 / s ]

Iter 1

Iter 2

Iter 3

Iter 4

Iter 7

Pipe

Iter 0

AB

0.10

0.20450 0.15155 0.13176 0.13160 0.13156

BC

0.10

0.09029

0.06123 0.04801

CD

0.10

0.05029

0.02123

DE

0.10

0,02029 .O.0087: -0.02195 -0.0233f -0.02346 -0,02341 -0.02346

EF

0.10

0.02450 .O.02845 -0.04824 -0.0484( -0.04844 -0.04844 -0.04844

AF

0.10

0.01550 D . 06845

0.08824

BE

0.10

0.05421 D . 03032

0.02375 0.02498 0.02502 0.02502 0.02502

Iter 5

0.13156 0.13156

0.04662 0.04654 0.04654 0.04654

0.00801 0.00662 0.00654

90

Iter 6

0.00654 0.00654

0.08840 0.08844 0.08844 0.08844

Finally,

Node
Head

I: :

(m)

56.2941

31.650

36.795
30.1241

6y.4181

14.795
10.1241
38.4181

P 1
I

DE

131.561

I -0.02346'I

23.461

0.13156

0.02502

91