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Cylindrical and Spherical Coodnates

Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems are related as shown in a figure, with the positive z-axes of cartesian and cylindrical coordinates coinciding with the polar axis of spherical coordinates. The initial rays of cylindrical and spherical coordinates coincide with the positive x-axis of cartesian coordinates, and rays at 90 degrees coincide with the positive y-axis. The coordinates (x,y,z) of cartesian, (r,φ,z) of cylindrical, and (ρ,θ,φ) of spherical are then related as defined in the figure and text.

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64 views3 pages

Cylindrical and Spherical Coodnates

Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems are related as shown in a figure, with the positive z-axes of cartesian and cylindrical coordinates coinciding with the polar axis of spherical coordinates. The initial rays of cylindrical and spherical coordinates coincide with the positive x-axis of cartesian coordinates, and rays at 90 degrees coincide with the positive y-axis. The coordinates (x,y,z) of cartesian, (r,φ,z) of cylindrical, and (ρ,θ,φ) of spherical are then related as defined in the figure and text.

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Cornelius
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9.

4 Relations between Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates


Consider a cartesian, a cylindrical, and a spherical coordinate system, related as shown in Figure
1.

Figure 1: Standard relations between cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems.
The origin is the same for all three. The positive z-axes of the cartesian and cylindrical systems
coincide with the positive polar axis of the spherical system. The initial rays of the cylindrical
and spherical systems coincide with the positive x-axis of the cartesian system, and the rays
=90 coincide with the positive y-axis.
Then the cartesian coordinates (x,y,z), the cylindrical coordinates (r, ,z), and the spherical
coordinates ( , , ) of a point are related as follows:

Spherical Polar Coordinates

Cylindrical Polar Coordinates

With the axis of the circular cylinder taken as the z-axis, the
perpendicular distance from the cylinder axis is designated by r and the
azimuthal angle taken to be .

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