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HIS
H

N D O

T'

A N

FROM THE

EARLIEST ACCOUNT OF TIME,

TO THE

DEATH

OF AKBAR;

TRANSLATED

FROM THE PERSIAN OF MAHUMMUD CASIM FERISHTA OF

I>ELBIs

TOGETHER WITH-

DISSERTATION

Concerning the Religion and Philosoph y of the BrahiMins

WITH
An

APPENDIX,

Mogul Empire, from

Mahummud Shaw, to the prefent

Containing the Hiftory of the

By

its

Decline in the Reign pf

Times.

ALEXANDER DOW.
IN

TWO VOLUMES.

VOLUME

LONDON:
Printed for

T.

Begket

A De HoiPT,,
MDCCLXYill.
and

P.

in the Strand.

^0 ^13

TO

r H

KING.
S

R>

/TpHE

Hiftory of India

is

the foot of the throne.

Hindoftan,
circle

is

now

in a

laid,

with great humility, at

As no inconfiderable part of

manner comprehended within

of the Britifh empire, there

is

the

a propriety in addrefling

the hillory of that comitry to the Sovereign.

The

fuccefs of

your Majefty's arms has laid open the Eafi

to the refearches of the curious

ance of this

firft,

Afia, will excite

and your gracious accept-

though fmall fpecimen of the

men

of greater

abilities

literature

(^f

than the prefent

tranllator poflelTes, to ftudy the annals of a people, remarli-

able for their antiquity, civilization, and the fmgular character of their religion

and manners.

In

DEDICATION.
In the hidory of Hindollan,

the people of Great-Britain

their

own

condition

now

may

fee a ftriking contrafl of

and, whilft they feel for

ture fuiFering under defpotifm, exult at the

that

happy

of a Prince
felicity

liberty,

who

your Majefly,

offered to

human

na-

fame time, in

which they enjoy under the government

delights in

augmenting the

fecurity

and

of his fubjeds.

may long remain a public blefllng, and

of many years over this happy nation, is

That your Majefly

reign for a feries

the finccre prayer of

Your

Majefty's

moll dutiful,

moft humble,

and moft devoted

fubje(5t

and

fervant,

ALEXANDER DOW.

CONTENTS
OF THE

FIRST VOLUME.

DISSERTATION

concerning the cufloms, manners, language, religion, and philolbphy of the Hindoos,
p. xxi.

PART
The History

I.

of the Hindoos, before the first in-

vasion OF Hindostan, by the Mahomedans.

Sect.

I.

Of the

origin.

Sect.

II.

fabulous accounts of the Hindoos concerning their

fpecimen of their ancient hiftory,
i

Of the origin of the Hindoos,

Of the Reign of Krifhen, the founder

of the Dynafiy of
the Marages,
lo
IV.
the
the
of
Of
Reign
Marage
fon
Krifhen,
of
and
of
the
Sect.
Dynafties of the Marages and Kefhrorages,
1
Sect. V. Of the Reign of Firofera, and the diffolution of the Dynafty of Kefhrorage,
14
Sect. VI. Of the Reign of Soorage, and the Dynafty of that

Sect.

III.

name,
Sect. VII.
Sect. Vlll.
Sect. IX.
Rhoat,

Of Baragc,
Of the Reign of Keidar
Of the Reign of Shinkol,

17
the Brahmin,

and of his fon and

18
fucceflbr,
ibid.

Sect.

CONTENTS.
Of the Rtign of Merage,
Of the Reign of Kederage,
Of the Reign of Jcichund,
Of the Reigns of Delu, and the two Poors,
XIII.
XIV. Of CaUian Chund,
XV. Of the Reign of Rhamdeo Rhator,
XVI. Of the Reign of Partab Chund,
XVII. Cf Annindeo, Maldeo, and the diffolution

p. 21

?ECT. X.
Sfct. XI.
Sect. XII.

Sect.
Sect.
Sect.
Smct.
Sect.

22
23
23
25

2^
3

of the

3^

empire,

A R T

P
The History

of

II.

the Empire of Ghizni

the firft appearance oftheftarof Iflamifm, In Hinwith a fummary account of thofe Mahomedans,
together
doflan,
34^
by whom the empire of Ghizni was formed,
Sect. II. The Reign of Nafir ul dien Subudtagi, the founder of

Sect.

Of

I.

the empire of Ghizni,

Sect.

III.

The Reign

of

Amir

39

Ifmaiel ben Nafir ul dien Subuc-

tagi,

50

Hiftory of the Reign of Amin ul Muluck, Emin ul

Mamood Ghiznavi, from his accefiion to the
Sultan
Dowla,
year 403,
52
Sultan
Mamood,
the
Reign
of
of
from
the
Hiftory
The
V.
Sect.
year 403, to his death in the year 41 g,
69
Sect. V. The Hiftory of the Reign of Jellal ul Dowla Jemmal ul
Muluck, Sultan Mahummud, ben Sultan Mamood Ghiznavi, 99

Sect. iV.

The

of Shahab ul Dowla Jemmal ul Muluck

Sultan Mamood Ghiznavi,
ben
10
Sultan Mufaood
Sect. VII. The Reign of Abul Fatte^ Chutub ul Muluck Shahab
ul Dowla Amir Modood ben Mufaood ben Mamood Ghiz-

Sect. VI.

The Reign

115

navi,

Sect.
Sect.
ShCT.
Sect.

The Reign of Abu Jaffier Mufaood ben Modood, 123

IX. The Reign of Sultan Abul Haflen Ali ben Mufaood, ibid".
X. The Reign of Zein ul Muluck, Sultan Abdul Refliid, 124
XI. The Reign of Jemmal ul Dowla Feroch Zaad ben Sul-

VIII.

tan

Mufaood Ghiznavi.

Sect. XII.

The Reign

faood Ghiznavi,

of Zehir ul

126

Dowla

Sultan-Ibfahini ben
"

Mu128.

CONTENTS.
The Reign of

Alia ul Dovvla Mufaood, ben Ibrahim,

Ghiznavi,
ben Mufaood
132
Sect. XIV. The Reign of Sultan ul Dowla Arfilla Shaw ben Mu-

(^ECT. XIII.

faood,

Sect.

XV.

The Reign

of

Moaz

13J

ul

Dowla By ram Shaw ben Mu-

The Reign of Zehir

Byram Shaw Ghiznavi,

Sect. XVI.

ul

Dowla Chufero Shaw ben

140
Sect. XVII. The Reign of Chufero Malleck, ben Chufero Shaw, 141
Sect. XVIII. Of the Dynafty of Ghor,
143
Sect. XIX. The Reign of Shaw Churfihed Ahtiesham Sultan Moaz
ul dien, known in Hindoftan by the name of Shab ul dien Mahummud Ghori,
148

PART

nr.

The History

of the Empire of Delhi, from the ac-

cession OF

CUTTUB to the THRONE, TO THE INVA-

SION OF TiMUR.

The Reign of Sultan Cuttub ul dien Abiek,

164
"'^"i'
The Reign of Taje ul dien Eldoze,
Sect. III. The Reign of Sultan Aram Shaw ben Sultan Cuttub
SectI'T"!^

Sect.

II.

'

Abiek,
175
The Reign of Shumfe ul dien Altumfh,
176
The Reign of Ruckun ul dien Firofe Shaw ben Sultan

ul dien

Sect. IV.
Sect. V.

Shumfe
Sect. VI.
Sect. VII.

ul dien Altumfli,

The Reign of Malleke Doran

The Reign of Sultan Moaz

Sultana Rizia,
ul dien Byram

182
183

Shaw ben

1B7
Sultan Shumfe ul dien Altumfb,
The Reign of Sultan Alia ul dien Mufaood Shaw, the
j 90
fon of Ruckun ul dien Firofe Shaw,
Sect. IX. The Reign of Sultan Nafir ul dien Mamood ben Sultan
Shumfe ul dien Altumfh,
192
Sect. X. The Reign of Sultan Yeas ul dien Balin,
203
Sect. XI. The Reign of Sultan Moaz ul dien Kei Kubad, ben
222
Bughera Chan, ben Sultan Yeas ul dien Balin,
Sect. Xlf. The Reign of Sultan Jellal ul dien Firofe of Chil-

Sect. VIII.

hge,

232

CONTENTS.
Sect. XIII.
Sect. XIV.

The Reign of Alia ul dien, called Secunder Sani, 255The Reign of Shab ul dien Omar ben Sultan Alia ul

dien Chillige,

Sect. XV.

295*

The Reign

of Cuttub ul dien Mubarick

lige,
^

Shaw

Chil-

297

Sect. XVI. The Reign of Sultan Yeas ul dien Tuglick Shaw, 308
Sect. XVII. The Reign of Sultan Mahummud, the fon of Yeas ul
dien Tughlick Shaw,
313
Sect. XVIII. The Reign of Sultan Moazim Mohizzib Firofe
Shaw, the fon of Sallar Rigib,
336
Sect. XIX. The Reign of Yeas ul dien Tughlick Shaw, the fon
of Fatte Chan, and grandfon of Sultan Firofe Shaw,
350
Sect. XX. The Reign of Abu Bicker Shaw, the fon of ZifFer Chan,
and grandfon of Firofe Shaw,
352
Sect. XXI. The Reign of Nafir ul dunia ul dien Mahummud
Shaw, the fon of Firofe Shaw,
353
Sect. XXII. The Reign of Nafir ul diea Mamood Shaw, the fon
of Mahummud Shaw,
359

PRE-

PREFACE.
TH

E tranflator of the following hiftory of the Mahoni^

medan empire in Hindollan, having in a militarycapacity relided for fome time in the kingdom of Bengal,
dedicated the moll of his leifure hours to the ftudy of the
oriental languages.

The

Perlian tongue being the moll po-

and learned, as well as the moll univerfally underftood

in Afia, engaged his principal attention.
lite

The intimate conne6tion which

the Britifh nation

now

have, with a part of Hindoftan, renders the knowledge of

the country languages of great importance to the fervants

The tranflator, who

of the public in that part of the world.

had extended
it

his views in the

fo capital a point for

years, in

tliat

dry and

way of his

profeffion,

thought

him, that he perfevcred for fome

difficult iludy,

and incurred a very

confiderablc expence, in retaining mafters,

and

in procuring

manufcripts.

Though
India,

to qualify

himfclf for a6lion, and negotiation in

was the primary

object of the tranflator, yet in pro-

portion as he advanced in his iludies, other motives for his

continuing them arofc.

the

manner of

Vol.

I.

He

the eaftern

however different
writers may be from the correct
found,

tliac

tafle

PREFACE.
tilde

of Europe, there are

many

of the attention of Uterary men.

things in their works worthy

Their poetry

it

is

true

is

and
and the di(5lion of their hillorians too
difTufc and verbofe.
Yet in the firil we meet with fomO
paflagcs truly elegant and fublime
and amidlt the redundancy of the latter, there appears fometimes a nervoufncfs
of cxprclhon, and a manlincfs of fentiment, which might
too tm'gid

florid,

do honour

to

any

hiftorical

Locked up in the

genius in the weft.

difficulties

of the Pcrfian tongue, the

been hitherto little known in Europe.

From an ignorance fo unpardonable in this inveftigating age,
a very unfavourable idea has prevailed concerning the learn-

literature of Afia has

ing, as well as hiftory, of the eaflern nations.

Full of pre-

judices fo natural to an European, the tranflator entered

upon

Whatever

the ftudy of the oriental languages.

aid a

knowledge of them might give to his private views, h

little hoped to be able to convert his fludies to the amufement
/Gv inftrudtion of the public. To tranflate fome piece- of
hiftory, was, by his teachers, recommended to him as a
^.proper exercife in the Perfian. The works of Mahummud

Cafim Ferifhta of Delhi, who flourifhed in the reign of

Jehangire, about the beginning of the feventeenth century,
was put into his hands for that purpofe. As he advanced, a
greater field gradually opened before him.

found, with

minute and authentic

great empire, the name of which had fcarcely

fome degree of
hiftory of a

He

aftoniftiment,

the

ever travelled to Europe.

To open

a door to the literary treafures,

which lay con-

cealed in the obfgurity of the Perfian, the tranflator refolved

to proceed in his verfion of Feri^hta's hiftory,

and

to give it
to-

PREFACE.
to the public as a fmall fpecimen of what men of greater
abiUties may hereafter meet with in that language. But

before he had fully accomplifhed this defign, injuries in

rank, and other motives, forced him to quit the company's
fervice, arid to return to

from

India, poffefled

England.

Being, at his departure

only of one volume of the original, he

has been obliged to confine himfelf to it and to leave the

fecond volume, which contains the particular hiftories of the
;

Decan, Bengal, Guzerat, and Calhmire, to a more favoura-

employment of fome other hand.

This circumftance has occafioned fome chafms in that part
of the hiftory which is now given to the public and many
ble opportunity, or to the

material tranfadlions of thofe nations, of

his fecond

The

volume

reigns of the

whom bur author

written

treats, are

by

Mogul Emperors, from Akbar, with

concludes his general hiftory, have been

But

works,' that to attempt a tranflation,

that has

come

tafk.

to

Ferilhta in

only flightly mentioned.

different hiftorians.

and very tedious

whom

fo

voluminous are thofe

would be

a laborious

Since the days of Ferilhta, no writer

our know^ledge, has abridged the hiftory

of India, and therefore the tranflator had formed a defign to

compile from various authors that very efifential part of the
hiftory of the

Mogul empire, which

is

not comprehended in

the foUowin or tranflation.

With a view to accomplifli this undertaking, the tranfla_

tor, who had been honoured with the particular friendfliip
of the prefent Mogul, applied in perfon to that Prince, for
fuch books, and authentic records, as were riecefiary to compleat the Hiftory of Hindoftan.

The King approved very

a 2

much

PREFACE.
much

of his dcfign, and gave orders to his fccrctaiy to grant

hut in the

his rcquclt.
fervice,

and

MajcRy's

mean time

manner oF writing

ter of

fome

of the

may

to eaftern Princes

wc

curiofity to the public,

ral tranflation

however

revive

that fubjevH:, lie wrote to

as the

"

To

retired to Calcutta.

memory upon

the tranflator quitted the

him

afford

his

and
mat-

here give a

fliall

lite-

letter.

To the audience of

the admitted into the prefence of the

and benelicence

treafury of hberality,

To

the fage dire^or

of the ways of truth, the Kibla* of the world, and the afylum

of the inhabitants of the univerfe, whofc kingdom and

nown laft

for ever,

it is

moft humbly prefented

" That a fervant, nouriflied

from
hath

by

re-

their [ bounty, having?

their fplendid prefence, obtained leave of departure,

now reached

the city of Calcutta, where, retired

the noife of public affairs,

he prays for

from

their Majefty's wel-

fare.

"

Moved by

warmed by

a grateful

remembrance of

their royal favour

the fame, juftice, and glorious exploits and con-

quefts of the emperors of the paradiliacal regions of Hindoftan

but more particularly excited by the renown of the imperial

lord of ages
And alfo by a defire to gratify
iioufe of Timur
!

:|:,

*
t

Mahommedans

The

point to which the

It is

an invariable cuftom

in the third perfon plural,

fingu'ar

among

turn their faces

when

they pray,

the Eaftern nations, to addrefs

crowned heads

while the writer himfelf always ufes the third perfon

the

in

number.

X Timur, who in Europe is, by corruption, called Tamerlane, has always conferred
upon him the title of Saib KIrren, or lord of the periods. KIrren, of which Kiran is
the plural, fignifies a period of thirty ye ars.
his

till"..

-t}

b!

The

long reign of
.y,, 1^

Timur gave

.^^jfj

rife

ta

ii-rjf:fi

the

PREFACE.
thecuriofity of diftantnations, with the great a6lions of a fplen-

did dynafty of Kings, he has dared to afpire to tranflate the

from the

Hindoflan,

hiftory of

Perfian authors, into

beft

and

naoft authentic

the Enghlli language,

now

ftrong,

learned and univerfal.

"

From

the

firft

paradifiacal plains,

rifing of the ftar

of the

faith,

upon

thefe

unto the end of the glorious reign of Arsh

As TAN I Ma HUM MUD Akbar, King, the hifiory of Empire

has been already penned but, from that period to the prefent time, materials have been wanting to their Majelly's
fervant he therefore breathes in hope, that their fublime
Majefly will fignify their royal pleafure to the Rai Raian,
:

chief fecretary of the illuftrious prefence, to fupply their

fervant with fuch books and authentic records, as are neceffary to accomplifh his great defign.

Thus

fliall

the glory

of their renown fliine forth to European eyes, with that

fplendor, which, from the firmament of empire, hath hitherto enlightened the Eafi."

The government of
late, in

fome

the Eaft

the prefidency of Bengal,

particulars,

imbibed the

have of

political principles

of

any of the
The above letter was

for all private correfpondence with

country powers

is llriclly

prohibited.

difpatched by the tranflator to a friend at Allahabad, the

prefent refidence of the Emperor, with a requefl: to deliver

But whether afraid of his fuperiors, or guilty of an unaccountable neglect, that gentleman returned to Calcutta without presenting the letter to
it

in perfon to that prince.

the Mogul.

The

tranflator

forwarded

it

a fecond time to

Allahabad, but before an anfwer could be received from fa

w

great

PREFACE.
great a diftance,
lafl fliip

he was obhgcd,

in the feafon, to

after

embark

having waited for the

for Europe.

Though our author Mahummud Cafim

the

title

has given

of the Hiftory of Hindoftan to his work, yet

ther that of the

ral

Feriflita

Mahommcdan empire

account of the

concerning India, prior

MufTulmcn,

is

to

the

firft

ra-

in India, than a gene-

What he

of the Hindoos.

affairs

it is

invafion of the

fays

Afgan

He coUedied

very far from being fatisfadiory.

from Perfian authors, being altogether unacquainted with the Shanfcrita or learned language of the
Brahmins, in which the internal hiftory of India is comprehended. We muft not therefore, with Feriflita, confider
the Hindoos as dcftitute of genuine domeftic annals, or that
thofe voluminous records they pofTefs are mere legends
framed by the Brahmins.
his accounts

The

prejudices of the

ers of the

Brahmin

Mahommedans

religion,

againft the follow-

feldom permits them

to

fpeak

common candour of the Hindoos. It fwayed very

much with Feriflita when he affn-med, that there is no hiftory among the Hindoos of better authority than the Mahawith

That work

barit.

lated into Perfian

poem and

was
by the brother of the great Abul
is

not a hiftory

rather as a performance of fancy,

It

tranfFazil,

than as an authentic

account of the ancient dynafties of the Kings of India.

that there are
fcrita

many

But
hundred volumes in profe in the Shan-

language, which

tranflator can,

from

liis

treat

of the ancient Indians,

own knowledge,

aver,

the

and he has

great reafon to believe, that the Hindoos carry their authentic hiftory

...it...

farther back into aniinuity.ihan

any other nation

^j^^

PREFACE.
The Mahommedans know nothing of
ing

the Hintioo leai^-

and had they even any knowledge of the hiRory .Qjf tthe

followers of Brimha, their prejudices in favour of the jewifli

fi<ftions

contained in the Koran, would

make them

xrejecb

which tend to fubvert the fyflem of their owa

The Shanfcrita records contain accounts of the
faith.
affairs of the weilern Alia, very different from what any
and it is
tribe of the Arabians have tranfmitted to poflerity
more than probable, that upon examination, the former
will appear to bear the marks of more authenticity, and of
accounts,

greater antiquity than the

latter.

But whether the Hindoos pofTefs any true hiflory of greater

antiquity than other nations, mufl altogether reft upon the
authority" of the Brahmins, till we fhall become better ac^
quainted with their records. Their pretenfions however are
very high, and they confidently affirm, that the Jewifli and

Mahomrnedan

religions are herefies,

in the Bedas.

They

from what

is

contained

give a very particular account of the

origin of the Jewifh religion in records of undoubted antiquity.

of the Cal Jug, had a fon

faith, for

The

who is placed in the firfl ages

who apoflatized from the Hindoo

Raja Tura, fay they,

which he was

baniflied

by

his father to the Weft.

apoflate fixed his refidence in a country called

and propagated the Jewifh

Mahommed

religion,

further corrupted.

The

Mohgod,

which the impoflor

Cal Jug

commenced

and whether the whole ftory may

Terah and his fon Abraham, is a point whick

about 4885 years ago,

not relate to

we

will leave to others to determine.

There
is

is

one circumflance which goes far to prove that there

fom.e conned:ion

between the Brahmin Bedas and the

dodlrines

PREFACE.
contained in the Old Teftament.

do(5\:nnes

promulgation

of the religion

of

Ever fince the

Mahommed, which

is

founded upon Mofes and the Prophets, the Brahmins have

totally rejected their fourth Beda called the Obatar Bah, as
the fchifm of Mahommed, according to them, has been
founded upon that book. However extraordinary this reafon
it

for rejecting the fourth part of their religious records,

is

can fcarcely be doubted, as

it

is

in the

mouth of every

Brahmin.
Feizi, the brother

only MufTulman

we

of Abul Fazil the hiftorian, was the

ever heard

of,

who

underftood the

The fraudulent means by which he acquired it,

be fhewn in another place. He never tranflated any of

Shanfcrita.

will

the hidian hiftories,

bell:,

is

fable

is

excepting the Mahabarit,

little

much depend upon

of Mahommed give of the
cannot

the Hindoos

has

at

but an hiftorical poem, in which a great deal of

blended with a

former,

which,

totally

religion

and ancient hiflory of

Their prejudice makes them mifreprefent

and

the

Wc, upon the whole,

accounts which the followers

truth.

their ignorance in

tlie

the Shanfcrita language,

excluded them from any knowledge of the

latter.

The

hiftory of Cafmi Ferifhta being

an abridgment of a

who wrote diflinc^ accounts of the diffethe Mahommedan Emperors of Hindoftan, he,

variety of authors,

rent reigns of

comprehend in a fmall compafs, every material tranfadlion, has crowded the events too much together,
without interfperling them with thofe refledlions which give
This defe6l feems
fpirit and elegance to works of this kind
however to have proceeded more from a ftudied brevity, tlian
from
wich a view

to

PREFACE.
from a narrownefs of genius

Upon fome

in Feriflita.

cafions, efpecially in the charadlers

oc-

of the princes, he fliews

a ftrength of judgment, and a nervoufnefs and concifenefs

of exprellion which would do no difhonour to the belt wri-

What

ters in the weft.

as

he feems

that

is,

he

is

much

as

remarkable in

really

is

divefted of religious prejudices,

He

of political flattery or fear.

a6tion without conferring

nor a bad one,

this writer

upon

it its

never palTes a good

due reward of

praife,

the villainous a6tor be never fo high,

let

without ftigmatizing

with infamy,

it

hi fhort, if he does

not arrive at the chara(5ler of a good writer, he certainly

deferves that of a good

The

man.

which we cenfure

by no means
a common fault in the writers of Afia. Redundant and verbofe in their diclion, they often regard more the cadence
and turn of their fentences, than the propriety and elebrevity

in Ferifhta,

is

gance of their thoughts leading frequently the reader into

a labyrinth to which he can find no end. This is too much
the manner of the learned Abul Fazil himfelf. He wrote
the hiftory of the reign of Akbar in two large volumes in
The intrigues of the court, and all the fecret motives
folio.
but the
to action are inveftigated with the utmoft exa(fl:nefs
;

dicTiion is

corred
It

too difFufe,

tafte

and the language too

to

be remarked, that

rians write, in

what they

This falfe

only

tafte

literature

Caliphs.

The

call

I.

all

the oriental hiflo-

in Europe,

commenced about

five

poetical

profc.

centuries ago,

declined in Afia, with the power of

now

tranflator has

written in the Perfian before

Vol.

for the

of Europe.

ought here

when

florid

in his

pof?effion,

that period,

tlie

books

the diclion of

which

PREFACE.
which,

is

and manly,

as concife

which dcfcended
of modern Europe.

as that

from Greece and Rome, to the writers

The learned and celebrated Abul Fazil, inflead of corre{5ting
this vicious taile, encouraged it greatly by his florid manner, in his

hiftory of the xxign of Akbar.

But

writer has, notwithftanding his circumlocutions,

his expreffions with fuch beauty

that he feems to
like the

The

Ganges

come down

this great

cloathed

and pomp of eloquence,

vipon the alloniflied reader,

in the rainy fcafon.

fmall progrefs which correcftnefs and elegance of fen-

timent and diction has

made

in the Eaft, did not proceed

from a want of encouragement

to literature.

We

lhall find

no princes in the world

patronifed men af letters with more generofity and refpe(5t,
than the Mahommedan Emperors of Hindoftan. A literary
genius was not only the certain means to acquire a degree of
wealth which mufl aftonifh Europeans, but an infallible^
in the courfe of this hiftory,

road for rifmg

to the

firfl:

that

offices

of the

flate.

The

cliaradler

of the iearned, was at the fame time fo facred,^ that tyrants,,

v/ho made a paftime of embruing their hands in the blood
of their other
violence to

fubje(5ls,

men

not only abflained from offering

of genius, but Hood in fear of their pens.

Monarchs of Afia were

more afraid of the pen of Abul Fazil, than they were of the
fword of Akbar; and, however amazing it may feem in abIt is

a proverb in the Eaft, that the

folute governments,

it is

divifion of the world,

certain that the hiftorians of that

have wrote with more freedom con-

cerning perfons and things, than writers have ever dared to

do

in the Weft.

The

PREFACE.
The

however, being fenfible of the impropriety

of poetical di6lion, in the grave narration of hiftorical
tranflator,

many

has, in

fa(5ts,

wings of

places, clipped the

turgid expreflions, and reduced his metaphors into

Feriflita's

common

language, without however fwerving in the lead from the

original

meaning of

the author.

frequent repetition of proper names

is

unavoidable in

and fo much crouded with a6lion.

This will perhaps appear the moft glaring defeat in the work:
but toufe the pronouns too often,would have rendered the fenfe
more perplexed, and the narration lefs elegant and diftin(5l.
a

work of fuch

The

brevity,

tranflator, in fhort,

chofe to give the faults of his author

to the public as they flood, rather

mend them,

to fubftituce

than by an attempt

perhaps fome of his

own

to a-

in their

place.

Our author with

great propriety begins the hifloiy of the

Patau empire in Hindoflan, from the

commencement of

The Mahommedan governkingdom of Ghizni.

ment, which afterwards extended itfelf to Hindoflan,

the

from very fmall beginnings among the

mountains which divide Perfia from India. The Afgans
or Patans, a warlike race of men, who had been fubje(5ls of
the vaft empire of Bochara, revolted under their governor
Abiftagi, in rhe fourth century of the Higera, and laid the
rofe

originally

foundation of the empire of Ghizni,

Europe, by the

name

like princes, this

of Gazna.

empire rofe

find that in the reign of

fifth

Under a

it

in

fucceflion of war-

to a furprifing

Mufaood,

century of the Higera,

known commonly
magnitude.

We

beginning of the
extended from Ifpahan to
in the

Bengal, and from the mouths of the Indus to the banks

of

PREFACE.

zli

of the Jaxartes, which comprehends near half of the gi'car

continent of Alia.

Soon after the death of Mufaood, the Charizmian empire

arofe on the confines of Perfia and great Tartary. It extended itfelf over Tartary and the grcateft part of the Perfian
provinces
the Kings of the Ghiznian Patans were obhged
to reUnquifli their dominions in the north, and to transfer
the feat of their empire to Laliorc, and. afterwards to
;

DcUii.

When

the great conqueror of Afia Zingis Chan, invaded,

and fubverted the Charizmian empire under Mahummud

Shaw, the Patan dominions were entirely confined within;
the limits of Hindoflan.. They pofiefi^ed however power fufficient to repel the generals of that great man, though
The whole
fluflied with vicSlory and the fpoils of the Eaft.
force of Zingis, it is true, was never bentagainfl: Hindoflan,.
otherwife it is probable it would have fhared the fate of
tlie wefiern Afia, which was almofl depopulated by his
fword.

The uncommon
tan at this period,

llrength of the Patan empiire in Hindof-

may

be eafily accounted for

It

was

tlie

policy of the adopted Turkifh flaves of the family of Ghor,

who

then held the kingdom of Delhi,

to

keep landing

mountain Afgans, under their refpe^live

chiefs, who were invariably created Omrahs of the empire.
This hardy race, whatever domeflic confufions and revolutions they might occafion in India, were, to ufc Ferifhta's
armies of the

words, a wall o iron againft foreign enemies.

PREFACE.
Our author has not been
the Empire in every reign.

careful to

We

mark

the extettt of

can only form a general

which he records. The

Empire we find fometimes reduced to a few dillri(5l3 round
the capital, and at other times, extending itfelf from tlie
bay of Bengal to Perfia, and from the Carnatic to the great
idea of

from the

it,

tranfa(5lions

mountains of Sewalic.

In

flaort,

the boundaries of the Pa-

tan imperial dominions, varied in proportion to the abilities

of thofe princes

who

pOiTefTed the

When

throne.

the

mo~

narchs difcovered great parts, the governors of provinces

Ihrunkback from their independance

million

but

when

lieutenants Harted

The

hiftory

ftriking

up

now

weak

Prince fat on the IMufnud, his

into Kings

around him.

given to the public, prefents ns with

pid:ure of the deplorable

fubje(5ted to arbitrary

when

into their former fub-

fway

a;

condition of a people

and of the

inflability

of empire

founded neither upon laws, nor upon the

opinions and attachments of mankind. Hindoftan, in every
age, was an ample field for private ambition, and for public
tyranny. At one time we fee a petty Omrah flarting forth,
itfelf,

itis

and wading through an ocean of blood

to

the crown, or

many

thoufands of indigent adventurers in the

ruin which he draws upon his own head. At another

involving

time

we meet with

feats

itfelf,

Kings, from a luft of power which dedeftroying thofe fubje<5i:s over whorii they only

wifiied to tyrannize.

In a government like that of India, public

feen,

with-out

never

unknown. The people perrnic

be transferred from one tyrant to another,

and loyalty

themfelves to

fpirit is

is

a thing

murmuring

and individuals look with unconceru

upon

PREFACE,

xir

iipon the mifcrics ofotlicrs, if they are capable to fcrecn

themlelvcs from the general misfortune.

is a

picture of Hindoftan in bad times,

This, however,

and under the word

As arbitrary government can infli6l the moftfudden

niilcrics, fo, when in the hands of good men, it can admiKings.

moft expeditious relief to the

niiler the

fubje(5t.

We

accord-

ingly find in this hiftory, that the misfortunes of half an

age of tyranny, are removed in a few years, under the mild

adminiltration of a virtuous prince.

It

may

not be improper in this place, to lay before the

public, a fliort fketch of the conftitution of Hindoftan.

Emperor

is

The

abfolute and fole arbiter in every thing, and

by no law.

The

is

eft

and properties of the greatOmrahs are as much at his difpofal, as thofe of the meanfubjec^s.
The former however are often too powerful

to

be punillied, while the latter are not only ilaves to the

controlled
eft

King,

lives

but to the provincial

diftinguiflied

governors.

Thefe governors,

by the name of Nabobs, have in their

jurifdictions, the

power of

life

and death, and

refpe(5tive

are, in

every

particular, inveftedwith regal authority.

All the lands in India are confidered as the property of

the King, except fome hereditary

diftri(5ls

poffefled

by Hin-

doo Princes, for which, when the Empire was in its vigour,
they paid annual tributes, but retained an abfolute jurifdidlion
in their
fubjecls

own
;

hands.

but

when

The King

the general heir of all his

there are children to inherit, they arc

feldom deprived of their

is

is

father's eftate,

enormous, and has been amafted

ment of

a province.

without the fortune

in tlie oppreffive govern-

In a cafe of this kind, the children, or

ueareft relations, are allowed a certain proportion for their

fubfiftance,

PREFACE.
fubfiftance, at the difcrction

XV

The

of the Cafy or judge.

for-

tunes of merchants, tradefmen, and mechanics, are never

confifcated

by the crown,

The King has

fucceflbr

by

culiar to the

if

any children or relations remain.

the extraordinary

power of nominating

This part of royal prerogative

will.

We

monarchs of Hindoftan.

his

not pe-

is

find that oar

own

nation, fo remarkable for their political freedom^ were, not

above two centuries ago,

and that with

who
ing

rheir

own

made over

like a private eftate,

by the will of a Prince,

confent,

neither deferved to be beloved nor admired.

to the

opinion of the Indians, the right of fucceffion

veiled in the

often

male

fuperfedes

idea of

this

made between

lawful wedlock

juflice.
firft

Notwithftanding

born, there

is

no

dif-

natural children and thofe born in

for every child brought forth in the

is

but the lad will of the King very

heir,

in favour of the

this prejudice

tin6lion

Accord-

ram, whether by wives or concubines, are equally

Ha-

legiti-

mate.

The vizier

is

generally

firft

minifter of

and public deeds muft pafs under

fignet

is

affixed to

The

them.

fully regiftered.

titles,

He

Vizier's office confifts of va-

for

all

commiffions,

Jagiers, are care-

fuperintends the royal exchequer, and,

theDewans of

the

feve-^

every thing which regards the finances.

A Vakiel Mutuluck
The power of

which

and grants for

in that capacity, keeps accounts with

ral provinces, in

All edicts

his feal, after the royal

rious departments, in every one of

patents for honorary

ftate.

is

this officer

fometimes appointed by the King.

is fuperior to that of the Vizier,

he not only has the fuperintendency of

civil,

but alfo of
all

PREFACE.

XVI
all

military affairs.

oflice

the

Amir

iil

This

laft is

never any part of the Vizier's

Omrah, or Buxfhi, being independent

captain-general, and paymafter of the forces.

It is

not eafy

to explain to Europeans the full extent of authority conferred

Mutuluck

he feems to be an officer to
whom the King for a time delegates his whole power, refer^dng only for liimfelf the imperial title, and cnfigns of

npon

the Vakiel

royalty.

The Emperor of Hindoflan

gives public audience twice a

day from the throne. All petitioners, without diftind:ion, are,

after having gone through the ufual ceremonies, admitted.

They

are permitted to prefent their written complaints

the Ariz Beg, or lord of the requefts,

to prefent tliem to the

who

to

attends, in order

The King reads them all himhis pleafure in a few words, with his
King.

and fuperfcribes
own hand. Should any thing in the petition appear doubtful, it is immediately referred to the Sidder ul Suddur,
whofe office anfwers to that of our chief juftice, to be exffelf,

amined and determined according

to law.

The Mahommedans of HindoRan have no written

laws,

There are certain ufages

founded upon reafon, and immemorial cuftom, which are
By the latter fome caufes are
alfo committed to writing.
detei*mined, and there are officers appointed by the crown,
under the name of Cauongoes, who^ for a certain fee, ex-

but thofe contained in the Koran.

plain the written ufages to the people.

pergunnab, there

is

In every diftrid: or

a cutchcry, or court of juftice eftablifhed.

and even the legal fees for

determining a caufe concerning property, is one fourth of
Tliefe courts are extremely venal,

the

PREFACE.
the value of the matter in difpute,

xvii

Their decifions were, how-

and through fear of the difpleafure of

the King, who invariably puniflied with the utmoft fe verity
corrupt judges, the Cafys were pretty equitable in their deterever, very expeditious

minations.

In the declining ftate of the Empire, the provinces were

fubmitted to the management of Nabobs, or military governors,

who farmed

the revenues at a certain fum, and refer-

ved the overplus for their

own

ufe.

Originally the Nabobs

were only commanders of the forces, who receiving their

orders from court, through the medium of the Dewan, a
civil officer

who

collecfled

all

the revenues for the King,

paid the jufl expences of the government of the province,

and remitted the furplus to the exchequer. But the Nabobs

having the military power in their hands, defpifed the authopurpofely fomented divifions,
rity of the Dewans, and
factions, and infurredions, that they might be indulged
with great ftanding armies, to make more money pafs
through their own hands, and to favour their fchemes of
independence.

The

imbecility of the Empire daily increafing, the

nal authority veiled in the

Dewan, was not

nomi-

fufficient to con-

tend with the real force in the hands of the Nabob.

Conti-

nual altercations fubfifted between thefe officers in the province, and frequent complaints were tranfmitted to court.
Minifters

who

preferred prefent eafe to the future intereft of

the empire, curtailed the

power of the Dewan, and, from

being in a manner the commander in chief of the province^

he fell into the fimple fuperintendency of the collections.
Vol. I.
c
He

PREFACE.
He

had,

it is

true, the

power

new

to prevent

impofts, and

innovations in the law.

When

King took the field, the provincial Nabobs,with their troops, were obliged to repair to the imperial
flandard. Each Nabob ereded his own llandard, and formed
a feparate camp, fubjedl only to his own orders. The Nabobs every morning attended at the royal pavilion, and received their orders from the Amir ul Omrah *, who received
If we except the
his immediately from the King himfelf.
army of the great Sultan Baber, there are few traces of real
difcipline to be met with among thofe myriads, with whom
the

the Emperors of Hindoflan often took the

field.

The

forces

of Baber were formed on a very regular and mafterly plan.

The

prizing vidiories

were excellent and the furhe obtained with a handful of men, over

immenfe armies,

are fufficient to convince us, that military

difcipline has not

always been

It

difpofitions of his battles

may

unknown

in Afia.

an European, furnifh matter of fome furprize,

Eaflcrn armies of two or three hundred thoufand horfe,

how
and

to

number of

and followers, could be

fupplied with provifions and forage upon their march, and
in their ftanding camps. To account for this it is to be obtriple that

foldiers

ferved, that every provincial Nabob,

upon

his taking the

appoints an officer called the Cutwal, whofe bufmefs it

to fuperintend the Bazars or markets, which may belong

field,
is

to his

Every commander of a body of troops obtains

camp.

fame time, permifTion to hoift a flag for a Bazar, and

appoint a Cutwal of his own, under the diredion of the

at the

to

The

captain-general.
I

Cutwal-

Thefe Cutwals grant licences

Cutwal-general.
futlers,

and corn

dealers,

who

to

chapmen,

gladly pay a certain tax for

permiflion to difpofe of their various commodities, under

the prote(5lion of the different flags.

and dealers in corn, being provided whh a

fufficient number of camels and oxen, colle<5l provifions
from all the countries in their rear, and fupply the wants of
the camp. The pay of foldiers in Hindoflan is very great,
being from 60 to 200 rupees per month, to every fingle
trooper.
This enables them to give fuch high prices for
provifions, that the countries round run all hazards for fuch

The

futlers

a great profpedt of gain.

is

The

fertility

of Hindoflan

itfelf,

the great fource of this ready and plentiful fupply to the

armies

for that country produces, in moil parts two,

fometimes three crops of corn every year

It

may

and

f.

perhaps be expelled, that fomething concerning

the language of the tranflation, fliould be faid in this place.

Employed from

his

youth in a profefTion very

different

from

that of letters, the tranflator afpires not to the character of a

To

meaning in a plain and

and he experts the
unaffecSled diction, was all his defign
public will the more readily overlook any errors he may
fine writer.

exprefs his author's

have committed, that he neither hopes for much literary

reputation, nor wiflies for any advantage from his v/ork.
f The Indians fometimes

feed their horfes with a kind of vetch called

they make

Gram, which

with the roots of grafs, which they dig

a
In want of that,
upandwafliin wacer. This they reckon better than hay. They are by this means
The horfes alnever in want for fo age, in a coiuicry fo remarkable for vegetation.
ways belong to the riJ-rs, which renders them more afliduous to keep them in proper
But this is attendorder, as their pay depends entirely on the goodnefs of their horfes.
ed with a bad confequence. A foidTer of fortune, who has nothing but his horfe to

they boil.

depend upon,

own

is

often

afraid

to

fliifc

expofe him, where he would perhaps lifque hi?

life.

c 2'

A D

S S

E R*

1"

DISSERTATIO

CONCERNING THE
Cuftoms, Manners, Language, Religion and
Philofophy of the Hindoos.,

THE

learned of

modern Europe have,

-with reafoni

complained that the writers of Greece and

Rome

did not extend their enquiries to the religion and philofophy

of the Druids.

Pofterity will perhaps, in the

find fault with the

Britirti

fame manner,

for not inveftigating the learning

and religious opinions, which prevail

in thofe countries in

which either their commerce or their arms have,

penetrated. The Brahmins of the Eaft polTefTed in antient
times, fome reputation for knowledge, but we have never:
had the curiofity to examine whether there was any truth,
in the reports of antiquity upon that head..
Afia, into

Excufes, hov^rever,

cerning the

may

be formed for our ignorance con-

and philofophy of the

Brahmins*. Literary inquiries are by no means a capitallearning,

religion

objeiJl:

xxii

objedl to

many

DISSERTATION,

Sec.

The few who

of our adventurers in Afia.

of that

Ivav^ a twrft for j'ereai'thcs

ki^tt, are

difGOUraged

the very great difliculty in acquiring that language,

l^y

in

by that
impenetrable veil of myflery with which the Brahmins induUrioufly cover their religious tenets and philofophy.

which the learning of the Hindoos

is

contained

or

Thefe circumftant^es combining together, have opened an

ample field for fi(5tion. Modern travellers have accordingly
indulged their talent for fable, upon the myllerious religion of Hindbftan. Whether the ridiculous tales they
relate, proceed from that common partiality which Europeans, as well as lefs enlightened nations, entertain for the

and philofophy of their own country, or from a

judgment 'formed upon fome external ceremonies of
but they have
the Hindoos, is veiy difficult to determine
prejudiced Europe agciinft the Brahmins, and by a very unfair account, have thrown difgrace upon a fyflem of religion and philofophy, which they did by no meins
religion

invelligate.

The author of

this dilTertation

muft own, that he for a

long time, fuffered himfelf to be carried

of popular prejudice.

The

down

in this ftream

prefent decline of literature in

him

in his belief of thofe

legends which he read in Europe,

concerning the Brah-

Hindoftan, ferved to confirm

But converfmg by accident, one day, vnth a noble

and learned Brahmin, he was not a little furprized to find
him perfe(5lly acquainted with thofe opinions, which, both
in ancient and modern Europe, have employed the pens of
mins.

the moll celebrated moralifls.

fail to excite his curiofity,

This circumllance did not

and in the courfe of many fubfequent

DISSERTATION,

fequent converfations,
fciences had, in

See.

he found that philofophy and the

former ages, made a very conliderable pro-

grefs in the Eaft.

Having then no intention to quit India for fome time, he

refolved to acquire fome knowledge in the Shanfcrita language

the grand repofitory of the religion, philofophy

hiftory of the Hindoos.

his noble friend the

With

Brahmin,

this view,
to

and

he prevailed upon

procure for

him

a Pundit,

from the univerfity of Benaris, well verfed in the Shanfcrita,

and mader of all the knowledge of that learned body. But
before he had made any confiderable progrefs in his {Indies,
an unexpected change of affairs in Bengal, broke off all his
He found that the time he had to remain
literary fchemes.
in India would be too fliort to acquire the Shanfcrita. He
determined therefore, through the medium of the Perfian
language, and through the vulgar tongue of the Hindoos,
to

inform himfelf as

much

as poflible, concerning the

my-

thology and philofophy of the Brahmins. He, for this purpofe, procured fome of the principal Sh asters, and his

Pundit explained to him, as many paffages of thofe curious

books, as fcrved to give him a general idea of the do(5lrine

which they
It is

but

contain.

juflice to the

of this differtation
illuflrate,

is

Brahmins

to confefs that the

very fenfible of his

own

author

inability to

w4th that fuUnefs and perfpicuity which

it

de-

which they are at fo much

conceal from foreigners. He however can aver,

ferves, that fymbolical religion,

pains to

he has not mifreprefented one fingle circumflance or

tenet, though many may have efcaped his obferva.tion.
that

The

xxlv

The books

PtSSERTATION,

wlucli contain the religion and philofophy of

the Hindoos, are diftinguiflicd

number, and

are four in

^cc,

by

the

name of

They

Bedas,

like the facred writings of other

penned by the divinity. Beda

in the Shanfcrita, literally fignifies Science for thefe books
not only treat of religious and moral duties, but of every
branch of philofophical knowledge.
nations, are faid to have been

TheBedas are, by the Brahmins, held fo facred, that they permit no other fedl to read them and fuch is the influence of
fuperftition and prieft-crafc over the minds of the other
Casts in India, that they would deem it an unpardonable
;

fin to

fatisf}'

their curioflty in that refpedl,

were

it

even

within the compafs of their power. The Brahmins themfelves are bound by fuch flrong ties of religion, to confine
thofe writings to their own tribe, that were any of them
to

read them

municated.

among
down from
felf

known

he would be immediately excomThis punifliment is worfe than even death itto others,

The

the Hindoos.

offender

is

not only thrown

the nobleft order to the moft polluted Cast, but

his pofterity are rendered for ever incapable of being re-

ceived into his former dignity.

we are not
little known

All thefe things confidered,

dodtrine of the Bedas

fo

is

Mahomedans of

the literary part of the

abflrufe
it is

and myfterious

covered with a veil

penetrate.

to

wonder

that the

Even
reckon it an

in Europe.
Afia,

and candidly confefs, that

of darknefs, which they could never
fubje(5t,

Some have indeed

Feizi, brother to the celebrated

fuppofed,

Abul

Fazil,

that the learned

chief fecretary

Emperor Akbar, had read the Bedas, and difcovered the

religious tenets contained in them to that renowned Prince.
to the

As

DISSERTATION,

&c.

As the flory of Feizi made a good deal of noife in the eafl, it

may not be improper to give the particulars of it in this
place.

Mahummiid Akbar being

a prince of elevated and exten-

was totally divefted of thofe prejudices for his

own religion, which men of inferior parts not only imbibe

>.five

ideas,

with their

mother's

milk,

throughout their

but retain

lives.

Though bred

medan

faith, his great foul in his riper years,

Mahom-

in all the ftri(5lnefs of the

broke thofe

which his tutors

had, in his early youth, fettered his mind. With a defign
to chufe his own religion, or rather from curiolity, he
chains of fuperftition and credulity, with

made

it

his bullnefs to enquire

tems of

divinity,

minutely into

all

the fyf-

which prevailed among mankind.

llory of his being inllru(5led

miffionary from Portugal,

is

The

by a
Europe to

in the chriflian tenets,

too well

require a place in this difTcrtation.

known

in

As almoil

all religions

admit of profelytes, Akbar had good fuccefs in his enquiries,

Contrary to
till he came to his own fubjccts the Hindoos.
the pradlice of all other religious fects, they admit of

converts
his
is

but they allow that every one

own way, though

the moil expeditious

they perhaps

method

to

may go

fuppofe,

to

no
heaven

that theirs

obtain that important end.

They chufe rather to make a myftery of their rehgion, than

impofe it upon the world, like the Mahommedans, with the
fword, or by means of the ftake, after the manner of fome
pious chriftians.

Not all the authority of Akbar could prevail with tlie

Brahmins to reveal the principles of their faith. He was
therefore obliged to have recourfe to artifice to obtain the
information which he fo much deftred. The Emperor, for
Vol. I.
d
th.is

A D
this

Abul

piirpofe,
Fazil, to

S S

E R

T A T

concerted a plan with his

impofc

Feizi,

N,

chief fccrctaiy,

then a boy, upon the Brahmins,

in the character of a poor orphan of their tribe.

inftru(5tecl in his part,

was

cipal feat of learning

among

Feizi being

privately fent to Benaris, the prin-

the Hindoos.

boy into his houfe, and educated him

as

In that city the

who received
his own fon.

fraud was pradlifed on a learned Brahmin,

When

8cc.

the

had acquired the Shanfcrita language, and all the knowledge of which the learned
of Benaris were pofTeflcd, proper meafures were taken by
the Emperor to fecurehis fafe return. Feizi it feems, during
his refidence with his patron the Brahmin, was fmitten with
the beauty of his only daughter and indeed the ladies of
the Brahmin race are the handfomeft in HindoHan. The
old Brahmin faw the mutual paffion of the young pair with
pleafure, and as he loved Feizi for his uncommon abilities,
Feizi, after ten years fludy,

he olFcred him his daughter in marriage. Feizi, perplexed

between love and gratitude, at length difcovered himfelf to
the good old man, fell down at his feet, and grafping his
knees, folicited with tears for forgivenefs, for the great
crime he had committed againft his indulgent benefaclor.
The Brahmin, ft ruck dumb with aftonifhment, uttered not
one word of reproach. He drew a dagger, which he always
carried on his girdle, and prepared to plunge it in his own
Feizi feized his hand, and conjured him, that if yet
hreaft.
any atonement could be made for the injury he had done
The
him', he himfelf would fwear to deny him nothing.
Brahmin, burfting into tears, told him, that if Feizi fliould
grant him two requefts, he would forgive him, and confent
Feizi', witliout any hefitation, confented, and the
to live.
Brahmin's

A D

S S E

R T A T

N, &c.

Brahmin's requefts were, that he fhould never tranflate the

Bedas, nor repeat the creed of the Hindoos.

How

was bound by his oath not to reveal the

but that neither
do<5lrine of the Bedas to Akbar is uncertain
he, nor any other perfon, ever tranilated thofe books, is a
truth beyond any difpute. It is however well known, that
the Emperor afterv/ards greatly favoured the Hindoo faith,
and gave much offence to zealous Mahommedans, by practifing fome Indian cuftoms which they thought favoured of
But the difpaffionate part of mankind have always
idolatiy.
allowed, that Akbar was equally diveited of all the folries
of both the religious fuperilitions, which prevailed among
far Feizi

his fubje(5ls.

To

return from this digreffion, the Brahmins maintain,

that the Bedas are the divine laws,

which Brimha,

at the

creation of the v/orld, delivered for the inftru6lion of

man-

But they affirm that their meaning was perverted in

the firlt age, by the ignorance and wickednefs of fome

kind.

princes,

whom they rcprefent as

They

the earth.

call thofc evil

who then haunted

genii Dewtas, and tell many
evil fpirits

ftrange allegorical legends concerning

them

fuch

as,

that

were afterwards recovered by Biflicn,

in the form of a lifh, who brought them up from the bottom
of the ocean, into whiclrthey were thrown by aDeo, or Demon.
the Bedas being

The

lofl,

credible account

firfl

Vv'-e

have of the Bedas,

is,

.that

about the commencement of theCal Jug, of which a:ra the prefent year

68, is the 48.85tli year,

they were v/rltten, or rather

bv a gr6at philofeplierj and reputed prophet, called

Beafs Muni, or Beafs the infpired. This learned man is
collected

d 2

other wife

A D fS

t^T

N, &c.

otherwife called Kriflicn Basdco, and

is

faid to

xxviii

E R

in the reign of Jiulifliter, in

,'the river

the city of Hiftanapore,

Jumna, near theprefcnt

The Brahmins do not

have lived

give to

upon

city of Delhi.

Beiifs

Muni

the merit of

being the author of the Bedas. They however acknowledge,

that he reduced them into the prefent form, dividing them
into four

diftin(5l

books, after having colle6led the detached

which they are compofed, from every part of

India.
It is, upon the whole, probable, that they are not
the work of one man, on account of their immenft bulk.
pieces of

The Mahomedans of

Afia, as

well as fome of the learn-

ed of Europe, have miflaken Brimha, an allegorical perfon,

fome philofopher of repute in India, whom they diftinguifhby the disfigured names of Bruma, Burma, andBramha,
whom they fuppofe to have been the writer of the religious

for

^^'hpoks

oip

the Hindoos.

Feriflita, in

the hiftory

now given to

Brimha was of the race of Bang, and

fiOuriflied in the reign of Kriflien, firft monarch of Hindoftan.
But the Brahmins deny, that any fuch perfon ever exifted,
which we have reafon to believe is the truth as Brimha
in the Shanfcrita language allegorically fignifies wisdom^
one of the principal attributes of the fupreme divinity.
the public, afErms, that

The four Bedas

contain

100,000 aflilogues or flanzas in

vcrfe, each of v/hich confifts of four lines.

*

called P.UG

Beda, which

concerning

which

it

fignifies

principally

The

firfl

Beda

is

the fcience of divination,

treats.

It

alfo contains

and a very particular accDimt of the creation of matter, and the formation

aflrology, aflronomy, natural philofophy,

of the worl(L

The
8

A DIS%ii,RT^,4iTION,8cc.
by the name of She ham.
piety or devotion, and this book accordingly treats of all religious and moral duties. It alfo contains many hymns in praife of the fupreme being, as well
as verfes in honour of fiibaltern intelligences.

The fecond Beda

That word fignifies

The

is

diftinguifhed

Judger Beda, which, as the word implies^

comprehends the whole fcience of religious rites and ceremonies fuch as fails, fellivals, purifications, penances,
pilgrimages, facrifices, prayers, and offerings. They give
third

is

the

the appellation of

TAR

fignifies in

Obatar Bah

to

the fourth Beda.

Oba-

the Shanfcrita, the being, or the efPence,

fo that the Obatar Bah is literally the know-

and Bah good

ledge of the good being, and accordingly this book comprehends the whole fcience of theology and metaphyfical philo^
j

fophy.

The language of

,^

folete

fo

propriety.

from

Bah Beda is now become obthat very few Brahmins pretend to read it with
Whether this proceeds from its great antiquity,
the Obatar

being wrote in an uncommon dialecT: of the

Shanfcrita, is hard to determine.
We are inclined to believe that the firft is the truth
for we can by no means
with
a
agree
late ingenious writer * who affirms, that
the
Obatar Bah was written in a period pofterior to the reft of
or

its

has been already obferved, that the Bedas are written

in the Shanfcrita tongue. Whether the Shanfcrita was,
im
any period of antiquity, the vulgar language of Hindofian,
It

* Mr, HcKvell

The author of

the difTertation finds himfelf

IB every particular conceraing the religion of the

obHged

Hindoos, from

tlrat

to differ almoft

geatiernan.

or

A D
or

S S

E R

T A T

was invented by the Brahmins,

be a myilerious repo-

to

reUgion and philofophy,

fitory for their

N, &c.

is

difficult to deter-

were cafually invented by mankind, to exprcfs their ideas and wants but the
aftonifliing formation of the Shanfcrita feems to be beyond
the power of chance, hi regularity of etymology and grammine.

All pther languages,

it

is

true,

matical order,

it

far exceeds the Arabic.

in fhort, bears

It,

has been fixed upon rational principles, by a body of learned men, who ftudied regularity,
evident marks, that

it

harmony, and a wonderful

fimplicity

and energy of

ex-

preffion.

Though the Shanfcrita is amazingly copious, a very fmall

grammar and vocabulary ferve to illuftrate the principles of
In a treatife of a

the whole.

mitives are

few pages, the

comprehended, and

all

and

for derivations

fo

inflecftions, that

roots

uniform
the

is

and

pri-

the rules

etymon of every

word is, with the greateft facility, at once inveftigated.

The pronunciation is the greateft difficulty v/hich attends the
acquirement of the language to perfe6lion. This is fo quick
and forcible, that a perfon, even before the years of puberty, mull labour a long time before he can pronounce it with
propriety

but

when once

that

is

attained to perfed:ion,

it

with amazing boldnefs and harmony. The

alphabet of the Shanfcrita confifts of fifty letters, but one
half of thefe carry combined founds, fo that its charaders
flrikes the ear

in fae^, do not exceed ours in

the Shanfcrita

number.

may be conveyed by

Some

fmali idea of

the annexed plate,

which

contains the alphabet, and the meafure of the four Eedas.

Before

we

fhall

the Brahmins,

it

proceed to the religion and philofophy of

may

not be improper to premife fomething

concerning

12

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.....

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^HR) ^1
rsert.Page^SX.

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..il-aiovj

rauaib fid

'

x^rfj

3f

A D

S S

concerning the moil

E R T A T

xxxi

N, &c.

manners and cufloms of

The Hindoos are fo called from

chara(5lerifi:ical

the Hindoos in general.

Indoo or Hindoo, which, in the Shanfcrita language,

fies

the

Moon

from

for

that luminary,

deduce their fabulous origin.

has in his pofleffion, a long

and the fun, they

The author of
lift

figni-

the diflertation

of a dynally of Kings,

call-

ed Hindoo-buns or Chunder-buns, both of which words

mean, the Children of the Moon. He alfo has a catalogue
of the Surage-buns, or the Children of the Sun, from whom

many

of the Rajas of Hindoftan pretend to derive their blood.

Hindoftan, the domeftic appellation of India,

is

campoHtion

and the great river Indus

takes its name from the people, and not the people from the
river, as has been erroneoully fuppofed in Europe.
of Hindoo, and Stan, a region

The Hindoos have, from all antiquity, been divided into

four great tribes, each of which comprehend a variety of
Thefe

inferior calls.

or in any

manner

they worfhip
is

alTociate

at the

held a crime to

do not intermarry, eat, drink,

with one another, except when

tribes

temple of Jagga-nat f in

make any

noble tribe are the

diftin(5lion.

OrifTa,

The

firft

where it
and moft

who alone can officiate in

among the Jews. They are

Brahmins,

priefthood, like the Levites

the

not

however excluded from government, trade, or agriculture,

though they are ftricftly prohibited from all menial offices
by their laws. They derive their name from Brimha, who
they allegorically fay, produced the Brahmins from his
head, when he created the world.
t J^gg^

fignifies

the Obatar, or Being,

Lord of the creation.

who

is

This

is

one of the names of Bifhen and

fuid to prefide over the pjefent period.

He

is

reprefented

under the figure of afatmnn, fitting crofs-legged, with his arms hanging down by his
This laft circumftance alludes to the imbecility of this
fide as if they had no ftrengch.
age.

His temple

is

in the greateft repute of

any now

in India..

The

The

DISSERTATION,

fccond in order

diflinguiflied

by

the

is

the Sittri tribe,

name

Sec.

who

of Kittri or

are fomctimes

Koytri.

They,

according to their original inftitution, ought to be all mihtary men but they frequently follow other profeflions.
;

Brimha is faid to have produced the Kittri from his heart,

as an emblem of that courage which warriors fliould pofTefs.

The name of Beifc orBife

is

given to the third

are for the moil part, merchants, bankers,

keepers.

Thefe are figuratively faid

to

tribe.

They

and bunias or fhophave fprung from

Brimha the word Beifli fignifying a provider

or nouriflier. The fourth tribe is that of Sudder. They
ought to be menial fervants, and they arc incapable to raife
themfelve^ to any fuperior rank. They are faid to have
proceeded from the feet of Brimha, in allufion to their low
the belly of

But indeed it is contrary to the inviolable laws of

the Hindoos, that any perfon Ihould rife from an inferior
If any therefore fliould be excomcall into a higher tribe.
municated from any of the four tribes, he and his poflerity

degree.

are forever fhut out

from fociety of every body

excepting that of the Harri

call,

who

in the nation,

are held in utter detef-

by all the other tribes, and are employed only in the

meaneft and vileft offices. This circumftance renders excommunication fo dreadful, that any Hindoo will fufFer the torture, and even death itfelf, rather than deviate from one
tation

article

of his faith.

This feverity prevented

all

intermixture

of blood between the tribes, fo that, in their appearance,

they feem rather four different nations, than

members of

the fame community.

It is,

the

as

we have already

Hindoo religion, not

to

obfervcd, a principle peculiar to

admit of profelytes.

Inftead of

being

A D
being

folicitous

S S

E R T A T

N,

8cc.

about gaining converts, they always

make

a rayftery f their faith. Heavexi, fay they, is like a palace

with laany doors, and every one may enter in his own way.
never encouraged other

this charitable difpoiition

But

to fettle
tirely

from

When
They

among them,

as they

fedls

mull have been excluded en-

the benefits of fociety.

all

a child

is

born, fome of the Brahmins are called.

from the horofcope of his nativity, to foretel his future fortune, by means of fpme aflrological tables,
When this ceremony is over,
i)f which they are poirelTcd,
they burn incenfe, and make an offering according to the
and without ever confitlting
circumftances of the parent
them, tie the zinar * round the infant's neck, and impofe a
name upon him, according to their own fancy.
pretend,

Between the age of fevcn and

their parents,

given away

ten, the children are,

in marriage.

The young

by

pair

an intimacy with
one another. But when they approach to the years of puberty, they carefully feparate them, till the female produces
figns of womanhood. She then is taken from her parents
are brought together, in order to

to cohabit with her

to

vifit

them.

It is

hulband

nor

contra(5l:

is

fhe ever after permitted

among

not lawful

the Hindoos to

marry

nearer than the eighth degree of kindred. Polygamy is permitted, but feldom practifed for they very rationally think,
;

that one wife

The

is fufficient

for one

man.

extraordinary cuftom of the

women

burning them-

with their deceafed hufbands, has, for the moft part,

nor was it ever reckoned <i
fallen into defuetude in India
felves

ftriDg

Vox.

I.

which

all

the Hindoos wear,

by way of charm or amulet.

religious

xxxlH

DISSERTATION,

xxxiv

been very erroneoufly fuppofcd in the

religious duty, as has

Weft.

Tliis

Ukc many

fpecics of barbarity,

from the

originally

&c.

foolifli

others,

rofe

enthufiafm of .feeble minds.

In

a text in' the Bedas, conjugal afFedion and fidelity are thus
figuratively inculcated

with her hulband,

From

ven."

fliall

"

The woman,

enjoy

which

eternal with

who

him

dies

in hea-

Brahmins thcmfelvcs deduce

this fource the

this ridiculous cuftom,

life

in fliort,

is

more

rational folution of

it,

that it was a polithan the ftory which prevails in Europe

tical inftitution, made by one of the Emperors, to prevent
wives fi^m poifoning their hulbands, a practice, in thofe
;

days,

common

in Hindoftan.

People of rank and thofe of the higher

burn their
Some throw the

calls,

dead and throw fome incenfe into the pile.

bodies of their friends into the Ganges, while others expofe
them on the high ways, as a prey to vultures and wild

There

beafts.

is

one

caft in

kingdom of Bengal, who

the

barbaroully expofe their fick by the river's fide to die there.

They even fometimes choak them with mud, when they

think them pad hopes of recovery. They defend this in-

human

cuftom by faying, that

compence

is

not an adequate re-

for the tortures of a lingering difeafei

The Hindoos have

Treafon,

life

a code of laws in the

inceft, facrilege,

of a Brahmin, and

Nea

Spi aster,

murder, adultery with the wife

theft, are

Though

capital crimes.

the

Brahmins were the authors of thofe laws, we do not find

that they have exempted themfelves from the punifhment
of death,

when

numerous
the Eaft.

guilty of thofe crimes.

which modern
however certain,

fables,
It

is

This

travellers

one of thofe
imported from
is

that the influence of the

Brah9

A
Brahmins

S S

E R T A T
and

fo great,

is

N,

&c.

their chara(5lers

facred, that they efcape in cafes

XXXV

as priefts

fo

where no mercy would be

jQiewn to the other tribes.

by temporary excommunications, pilgrimages, penances and fines, according to the

degree of the crime, and the wealth of the guilty perfon.
But as the Hindoos are now, for the moft part, fubjdcl: to
the Mahommedans, they are governed by the lavvs of the
Koran, or by the arbitrary will of the prince.
Petty offences are punifhed

The SenafTeys are a fe(5l of mendicant philofophers, commonly known by the name of Fakiers, which literally fignifies

poor people.

Thefe

and pretended devotees,

idle

alTemble fometimes in armies of ten or twelve thoufand,

and, under a pretext of

making pilgrimages

to certain

tem-

whole countries under contribution. Thefe faints

wear no clothes, are generally very robuft, and convert the
ples, lay

wives of the

upon

lefs

holy part of mankind to their

their religious progrefles.

parts into their

their difciples

number, and they take great care to inftru6l

in every branch of knowledge^ to make the

order the more revered

When
to

this

own ufe,
They admit any man of

among

the vulgar.

naked army of robuft

any temple, the

men

of the

march
provinces through which
faints direct then-

their road lies, very often fiy before them,

notwithftand*
ing of the fandtified character of the Fakiers. But the women
are in general

more

refolute,

and not only remain in

their

dwellings, but apply frequently for the prayers of thofc

holy perfons, which are found to be mofl effectual in cafes

of fterility. When a Fakier is at prayers with the lady of
2

the

DISSERTATION,

8cc.

the houfe, he leaves either his flipper or his llafFat the dodr,

which if fecn by the hufband, cffedually prevents him

from difturbing their devotion. But fliould he be fo unfortunate as not to mind thofe fignals, a found drubbing ig
the inevitable confcquence of his intrufion.

Though

the Fakicrs inforcc with their arms, that reverence

which the people of Hindoftan have naturally

penances of very extraordinary

der, they inflict voluntary

kinds upon themfelves,

fonietimes hold
ftifF,

gain more

up one arm

and remains in

Some clench
their nails grow

lives.
till

to

Thefe fellows

refpec^l.

in a fixed pofition

till it

becomes

during the reft of their

very hard, and keep them fo

that fituation

their

fifts

and appear througlr

Others turn their faces over one

into their palms,

the back of their hands.

Ihoulder,

for their or.

and keep them in

that fituation,

ever their lieads looking backward.

to the point of their nofe,

till

timcs to fee what they

Many

they have

looking in any other diredion.

till

Thefe

fix

for

turn their eyes

loft

laft,

they

the

power of

pretend fome-

which vifion, no
arifing from the diftor-

call the facred fire,

doubt, proceeds from fome diforder

tion of the optic nerves.

It

often appears to Europeans in hidia, a matter of

ridicule to converfe
j^hcrs

though

with thofe

their

diftorted

and naked philofo-

knowledge and external appearance,

Some

exhibit a very ftriking contraft.

feem, enthufiafis

fome

are really v/hat they

but others put on the character of fanc-

But what actually makes

chem a public nuifance, and the averfion of poor hufbands,
i;?, that the women think they derive fome holrnefs to themfelves, from an intimacy with a Fakicr.

tity,

as a cloak for their pleafurcs.

Many

A D

S S

E R T A

TI O

N,

Sic.

xxxvii

Many other foolihcuftoms,befides thofewe have mentioned,

are pecuUar to thofe religious mendicants.

But enthufiaftic
penances are not confined to them alone. Some of the vulgar, on the fall of Oppofs, fufpend themfelves on iron
hooks, by the flefh of the llioulder-blade, to the end of a

beam.
pivot,

This

beam

upon

turns round with great velocity,

on the head of a high

The

pole.

enthufiaft not only

feems infenfible of pain, but very often blows a trumpet as

'he is whirled round above, and, at certain intervals, fmgs a
fongto the gaping multitude below who very much admire
his fortitude and devotion. This ridiculous cuflom is kept
;

up

to

commemorate

the fufFerings of a martyr, w^ho

was

in

that manner, tortured for his faith.

To

dwell longer upon the

chara^leriftical cuftoms

and

manners of the Hindoos, would extend this diflertation too

Some more particulars concerning that nation, will
far.
naturally arife from an inveftigation of their religion and
philofophy. This laft was the capital defign of this intro*
and we hope to be able to throw a new,
if not a compleat light, on a fubjedt hitherto little underllood
in the Weft. Some writers have very lately given to the
world, an unintelligible fyftem of the Brahmin religion ;
and they affirm, that they derived their information from
the Hindoos themfelves. This may be the cafe, but they
certainly convcrfed upon that fubje6t only with the inferior
and it
tribes, or with the unlearned part of the Brahmins
would be as ridiculous to hope for a true ftate of the religion and philofophy of the Hindoos from thofe illiterate
cafts, as it would be in a Mahommedan in London, to rely
duclory difcourfe

upon

the accounts of a pariih beadle, concerning the moil

abftrufe points

of

tlie.

Chriftian faith

or, to

form

his opi*

nioa

A: p

E R T A T

S S

N,

i^cCi

nion of the principles of the Newtonian philofophy, from a

EngUlh cajinan.

convcrfation with an

The Hindoos

two great religious fe<5ls

and thofe
the followers of the do(5trine of the Bed an g
who adhere to the principles of the Neadipsin. As the firft
are divided into

are eftecmed the

we

fliall

orthodox, as well as the moll ancient,

begin to explain their opinions, by

tranllated

name

mod

from the original Shaster

extra(5ls literally

which goes by the

of Bcdang.

Bedang, the title of tlie ShaRer, or commentary upon the

Bedas, concerning which we are about to treat, is a word

compounded of Beda,

may

of this Shatter therefore,

Body of

fcience.

oufly called

and Ang,

fcicnce,

be

body.

The name

literally tranflated,

the

This book has, in Europe, been errone-

Vedam

and

is

it

an expofition of the

do(5lrine

of the Bedas, by that great philofopher and prophet Beafs

Muni, who, according

to

the Brahmins, flourifhed about

The Bedang

four thoufand years ago.

is

faid to

have been

fome ages after Beafs Muni, by one Sirrider Swaini,

fmce which it has been reckoned facred, and not fubjecT; to
any further alterations. Almoft all the Hindoos of the Decan, and thofe of the Malabar and Coromandel coafts, are
revifed

of the fec^ of the Bedang.

Shafler literally /igmfies

book which
Hindoos

which,

like

treats

fb that thofe

writers

the Bible of the

mcd, contained
tiic

Knowledge

of divinity and the

the

firft

who

but

fciences.

it

is

commonly underrtood

There

affirmed, that there

Chriftians,

principles of the

or

are

faith,

to

the followers

mean a

among

was but one Shaller

Koran of

Brahmin

many

Shallers

the

in India,

of Mahora-

have deceived themfelves and

public.

This

A D

S S

E R T A T

N,

Scc^.

commentary opens with a dialogue between

Brimha ^ the Wifdom of the Divinity and Narad or Reifon, who is reprefented as the fon of Brimha.
Narud delires to be inftru(5led by his father, and for that purpofe,
Tliis

"

puts the following queftions to him.

NARUD.
O

father

thou

of

firH

God

thou

art faid to

the world, and thy fon Narud, aftoniflied at

holds,

how

defuous to be inltrudted

is

all

have

crearted

what he be_
thefe things

were made.

BRIMHA.
my

do not imagine that I was the

creator of the world, independent of the divine mover % who

Be not deceived,

is

fon

the great original elTence % and' creator of all things. Look,

therefore, only

upon me

the inflrument of the great

as

Brimha is the genitive eafe of Brimh, which is a primitive fignifylng God. He

The divine
is called Brimha or Wisdom, the firft attribute of the fupreme divinity.
wifdom, under the name of Brimha, is figuratively reprefented with one head,

Upon
having four faces, looking to the four quarters, alluding to his feeing all things;
is a crown, an emblem of power and dominion.
He has four

the head of this figure

In the firfl: hand he holds the

hands, implying, the omnipotence of divine wifdom.
knowledge
of
in
the
fecond
fcepter,
fymbol
a
as a token of authority j
a
as
j
four Bedas,

and

in the third a ring, or

compleat

circle,

as

an emblem of eternity.

ready to lend

his aid to his creatures.

blem of fimpHcity
the fimpllcity of

'

are,

Narud

God.

He

Brimh.

PunRUS

tlie

the Hindoos.

The

latter
is

circumflance

always

is

reason, emphatically

be the firfl-born of the

The fupreme

divinity.

of

Plrrira

Brah-

this difiertalion.

called the fon of

Munis,
f

em-

intended to imply

but another name for the wifdom of

by no means, conjeftuics of the author cf

faid to

is

reprefented riding upon a goofe, the

explications of the infignia of Brimha, were given by- the

literally fignifies
is

is

operations of nature, which

Thefe

the divinity.

min, and

among

He

Brimha holds

the wisdom of god

nothing in the fourth hand, which implies, that

whom

Purrus >

the wisdom of'

hereafter.

from PiR

firft,

and

eflence or being.

Wl LI.,

A D

Will % and

E R T A T

S S

whom

a part of his being',

&c.

N,

he

called forth to

execute his eternal defigns.

NARUD.
"

What

fliall

we

think of

God

>

BRIMHA.
being inBeing immaterial \ he is above all conception
but, from what we behold
"^ifible
he can have no form
in his works, we may conclude that he is eternal \
;

knowing

omnipotent*",

all,

where %

and prefent every

things
^

>

NARUD,
How

did

God

create the world?

% dwelt with God, from

A-ffe(Stion

all

eternity.

three different kinds, the creative % the preferving

This

deftrudive

s
is

IsH-BUR

from IsH

firft is

will,

and the

Bur great commonly pronounced Ishur. ThU

God, which have fo much perplexed the writers
:

In the anfwer of Brimha, mention

of Europe.

was of

reprefented by Brimha, the fecond

and

one of the thoufand names of

It

is

made of

the

firft

three great deities of

the Hindoos; which three, however, they by no means worfliip as diftinl beings from\
God, but only as his principal attributes.
Nid-akar.
'OderifTa.
'

^ Sirba-Sirrup.

'

Ge-itcha.

Nitteh.

are the very terms ufed in the

ally tranflated in the text.

Bedang,

"

Subittera-dirfi.

in the definition of

Whether we, who

"

Surba-Birfi.

Thefe

God, which wc have

profefs chriftianity,

and

liter-

call the

Hindoos by the deteftable names of Pagans and Idolaters, have higher ideas of the fupreme
divinity, we fhall leave to the unprejudiced reader to determine.
p

Maiah

quality.

'

which

fignifies either afFeftion or paflion.

Sittobgoon, the preferving quality.

Timmugoon,

Redjo-goon, the creative

the deftruftive quality.

ty

A D

S S

and the third by Shibah \

by Bifhen

taught to worfhip

all

Sec.

O Nai ud

You,

are

preferver \ and the dellroyer \

the

God then produced power % and power

of

afFecStion

N,

the three, in various lhapes and like-

nefTes, as the creator

The

E R T A T

at a

embraced goodnefs \
proper conjun(5lion of time * and fate
The three qualities then a6ling upon
and produced matter
produced the univerfe

matter,

From

the oppofite

aeSiions

the

firft

following manner.

of the creative and deflrucflive

quality in matter, felf-motion

of three kinds

in. the

Self-motion was

arofe.

firft

'

inclining to plafticity ^ the fecond

and the third to reft \ The difcordant adion?

which invifible element pofieflcd
then produced the Akafli
a palpable
the quality of conveying found it produced air
a vifible element, water
a fluid element
element, fire
to difcord

',

a folid element.

and earth

The
fphere
'

the

The

Air formed the atmo-

Akafli difperfed itfelf abroad.

collecting

fire,

preferver

Providence

is

name of Bi/hen.

perfonified under the

' Naat.

foe of good.

blazed forth in the hoft of

itfelf,

Bifhen.

Shibah.

"

The Hindoos

Shibah,

worfhip

nsme of Shibah; but they do not

by Shibah, for they affirm, that there is no fuch thing but what proceeds
^ Jotna.
Kaal.
^ Addarifto.
from the free agency of man.
Pir-kirti, froin
Pir good, and Z/r// adion. God's attribute of goodnefs, is vvorfliippcd as a Goddefs,
under the name of Pirkuti, and many other appellations, which comprehend all the
tJie

deftruftive attribute of the divinity, under the

mean

evil

<=

virtues.

Purrus

has been ridiculoudy fuppofed in Europe, that Pl'RRus and Pirkirti

man and woman, according to the fyftem of the Hindoos; whereas by
meant God, or emphatically, the Being ; and by Pirkirti, his attribute of
It

were the
is

fir

fl:

Mohat.

goodnefs.

name of Maha-tit,
^

felf-ai!tion.

The Bedang
which the

In other places of the Bedang, eaatter

the great fuhjiance.

Rajas.

Tamas.

Satig.

in another place, fpeaks of akafh as a pure

planets move.

This element,

fays the

is

difllnguiflied

The word

Ahankar.

literally

by the

lianifies

A kind of celeftial element.

impalpable element, through

philofopher,

makes no refiAance

and therefore the planets continue their motion, from the firft impulfe which they received from the hand of Brimha or God ; nor will they ftop, fays he, till he fliall
feize
Baiow.
them in the midft of their courfe.
Tege.
"
Joal.
Prittavi
'

J'

heaven^

DISSERTA

A
heaven*'

P,N, &c.

the furfaceof the earth, being forced

wa^::i- role to

Thus
which

the gravity of the latter element.

from beneath by

broke forth the world from the veil of darknefs, in

Order rofe over the
it was formerly comprehended by God.
The feven heavens were formed and the feven
iiniverfe.
worlds were fixed in their places
great diirolution \

when

all

there to remain

things

fliall

the

till

be abforbed

'

into

God.

God

feeing the earth in full bloom, and that vegetation

was ftrong from its feeds, called forth for the firfl time, hiwhich he endued with various organs and fhapes>
telle(5t
upon the earth. He endued
to form a diverfity of animals
the animals with five fenfes, feeling, feeing, fmelling, tailing,

But

and hearing \

to

man he

above the beads of the

gave reflexion

to raife

him

field.

were created male and female % that they

might propagate their fpecies upon the earth. Every herb
bore the feed of its kind, tliat the world might be cloathed
with verdure, and all animals provided with food.
Tlie creatures

NARU1>:
What

Dewta

heavens

dofc
;

are,

thou mean,

of which Surage the Sim

Bu,

Baba,

Surg,

Father
is

-n--

by intelled
rank,

firft in

The names

Moha, Junnoh, Tapu, and

of the feveii

Sutteh.

The

feven

The author of
worlds are, Otial, Bittal, Suttal, Joal, Tallattal, RiHaral, and Pattal.
the dilTertation, by n negligence which he very much regrets, forgot to get the proper
explanation of thofe names, or the ufes to which the feven heavens were converted.
'
Birgalotta.
'
" Mun.
Mucht.
Jount.
The five
Mah-pirly.
fenfes are,

and

Suppurfina,

Madda

Chowkowna,

fignifies naale

Nafiga,

Riffioa,

Kurnowa.

->q snj

and female.

"
z

"

3d ^^u}^W adj Ik

Manus.

lo

Nic

abcbaj^aiv/ arfr

toTi,Ai:
jcdj

>-'2Li..

I) I

S S

E R T A

hsDTo^ l^ntad .dnco odi io ooLinn arftoj

HA.
RIM
Qr.p
-c
/>

N,

o'lo-t

&:c.
'{o.fjw -

mv^^^^H

/;

portion

is

It

breathed into

the great soul* of the univerfc,

of

anunate them for a certain

all creatures, ^tQ

time.

'\'i^hin

NARUD.
What becomes

of

after death

it

B RIM HA.
animates other bodies, or returns like a drop into that

it

-r

hbouTided ocean from which

arofe.

it fii-ft

NARUD,
r

Shall not then the foub of good

Nor

men

receivi^r^^afr^^^

the fouls of the bad meet with punifliment

3RIMHA.
of fflerl arb diftinguifhed from thofe of othei;
for the firft ar endued with reafon ^ and with a

d'Tlie fouli"

animals

confcioufnefs of right and wrong.

If therefore

man

fliall

adhere to the firft, as far as his powers fliall extend, his foul,
when difengaged from the body by death, fliall be abforbed
into the divine eflence,
flefli.

and

But the fouls of thofe

difengaged from

all

never more re-animate

fliall

who do evil

They

the elements.

Cloathed with a body of

and

air,

fire,

they are, for a time, puniflied in hell \

;

The

Partnattima

literally fignifies

the ^r^/yo/.

Hindoos reckou above eighty kinds of

the wickedaefs of the perfons puniflied there.

the fins

^at

puniftimeht

man can commit

nor that

all

ia

the

ftiort

are immediately
akafli,

in

which

After the feafon o{\

Mund.
Nirick.
each proportioned to the degree of.
The Brahmins haye no idea that all
>

hells,

% are not, at death,

Upitnan.

period

of his

'

life,

can deferve eternal

the virtues he can excrcife, can merit perpeturJ felicity in heaven.

f 2

their

A D
their grief

E R T A T

S S

N, &c.

over, they re-animate other bodies

is

they fhall arrive at a

but

till

of purity, they can never be abforb-

ftate

ed into God.

NARUD.
What

"

the nature of that abforbed ftate

is

men enjoy

good

fouls of

after death

'

which the

BRIMHA.
a participation of the divine nature,

It is

are utterly

unknown, and where

where all

confcioufnefs

paffions

is

in

loft

4>ltfs'.

bnc

,3Tt

ne^

;:-)^-

Thou
pure,
a.ilie

NARUD.

it

fayft,

Father

cannot be abforbed into

generality of

men

BRIMHA.

muft atone for

then they,

XTtime tor their virtue s

f.35V/):rj

cir.'ij'

,Muc!lu.

ivi.

yet fo

rife

that

it

heaven

to

in hell,

where they

,f-

o.

is

iH'

'"

'

'

""'^

'

"

h\::

*;c-It'is(x>me.wJiatfarpnfiDg,

it is,

be rewarded for a

to

and from thence they wiil return ito

thati-a ffate of unconfcioufnefs, which in

heefteemed by the Hindoos as the fupreme

that they always reprefent \.he-abforkd.J]ate,' as a fituation of perfevft

eqiially defli{;ife;Qf^pjea&Tg ai^d ofpiiia.

iiifcnftbilicy,
.pl^-.

their crimes

-^.fB(S:is..tbe.l>*n?.with3onihil>'\tjoQ;,,flp;uid

good

and partly bad, whi-

reanimate other, bodies.'

-^AXIk world,

as the adlions of

i-emain for a fpace proportioned to the degree of their

'j^Ipiiquitles

.-.

perfedly

is

immediately after death

..

""^nVirft

God Now,

are partly good,

^"theirare their fpirits fent

-bsoiTUey:

the foul

that unlefs

kiud of delirium of joy.'

'

i.

But Brimha feems here

AdM'/.

lO

im-

NARUD.

A D
What

is

TIO

E R T A

S S

tim^'^r'"'

N, &c.

'"'""^

'^'^''^

"

'^"^'^
'

BRIM'HA.
Time

exifted

from

t^nly be eftimated fince

all'

with God;

'ieternify

but

it

can-

motion was produced, and only be

conceived by the mind, from

its

own

conftant progrefs.

NARUD.
How long lhall

this

world remain

BRIMHA.
Until the four jugs fhall have

Then Rudroll a comet

revolved.

der " with the ten fpirits of diflblution fhall

under the moon, that lhall involve all things in
reduce the world into afhes. God
matter will be totally annihilated
8

Kaal.

It

may not

fliall

be improper, in this place,

then

to fay

and

fire,

exift alone,

for

fomething. coQCerniDg the

Hindoo method of computing time. Their Icaft fubdivifion of time is, the Nemi(h or
Three Nemifh's make one Kaan, fifty Kaan one Ligger, ten
twinkling of an eye.
Ligger^ one Dind, two Dinds one Gurry, equal to forty-five of our minutes ; four
Gurries one Par, eight Pars one Dien or day,

fifteen

Diens one Packa,

two Packas

one Mafli, two Mafhes one Ribbi, three Ribbis one Aioon or year, which only con^
fills of 360 days, but when the odd days, hours and minutes, wanting of a folar year,

amount

to

one revolution of the moon, an additional month

juft the Callendar.

hoft of

Heaven

and they

fay,

made

to that year to ad-

Dewtas ormake one

that twelve thoufand of thofe planetary years,^

"^revolution of the four Jugs or periods, into

The

is

year of 360 days, they reckon but one day to the

which they divide the ages of the world.

Jug or age of truth contained, according to them, four thoufand planetary

The Treta Jog, or age of three, contained three thoufand years. The Duapur

Sittoh

years-.

Jng, or age o/tivo, contained two thoufand ; and theKalleJug, or age of pollution, confiHs
To thefe they add two other periods, between the diffolutioa
of only one thoufand.

and renovation of the world, which they

-m; *
i

The

fame

Nifht.

aU^hVj

Sundeh, and Sundafs, each of a thoufand

that from one Maperly, or great dilTolution of

phmetary years
itach^r, there are

call

3,720,000 of our years.

tvith'

'

imii .u

Shibah, the deftroying q0arrtyio<f6bai^3l>

01,10 .'auiiibbio

'^'l^^'-

ail
Ji

"

things, to/anoroi

j--.

"

tfli.

Here

DISSERTATION,

Here ends the

chapter of

firfl

Weats of providence and free will

was impollible
knowledge of the
it

iniderftand

to

The fecond

Bedang.

tlie
;

8cc.

a fubjeift fo abftrufe, that

without a compleat

it,

The author of

Shanfcrita.

the Bedang,

thinking perhaps, that the philofophical catechifm which

we have

tranflated above,

was

minds, has inferted into his

perftitious

narrow and fuwork, a ftrange alle-

too pure for

gorical account of the creation, for the purpofes of vulgar

In this tale, the attributes of God, the

theology.
pafllons

and

faculties of the

duced upon the

Some

As

flage.

mind

curiofity to the public,

Brimh

exifted

from

we

ftiail

all eternity,

When it pleafed him

fficnfions.

and

are perfonified,

this allegory

may

here

in a

human
intro-

afford matter of

tijfinflate it.

form bf Ihfikife

to create the world,

he

di-

faid,

0 Br 'wiha ^ Immediately a fpirit of the colour of

flame ifRied from his navel, having four heads and four
hands. Brimha gazing ixDund, and feeing nothing but the
immenfe image, out of which he had proceeded, he tmvelled a thoufand years, to endeavour to comprehend its
dimenfions. But after all his toil, he found himfelf as much

Rife up,

at a lofs as before.

fell

amazement, Brimha gave over his journey. He

proftrate and praifed what he faw, with his four mouths*
Loft in

The almighty, then, with ,a voice like ten thoufand thun4

was pleafed to fay: Thou haft done well, O
xlers,
Brimha,

for thou canft not

create the world

power
>irt

fhall be given

How can

unto thee.

almighty in power
^

comprehend

The wifdom

Go and

Afk of me, and

God, faid Brimha, thou

create

me

it

^..uc> ic..:

...ri

of God.

Brimha

A D

S S

E R T A T

N,

xlvii

8cc.

Brimha forthwith perceived the idea of things, as-* if

floating before his eyes. He faid, Let them be, and all
that he faw became real before him. Then fear ftriick the

frame of Brimha, left thofe things fliould be annihilated. O

immortal Brimh he cried, who lliall preferve thofe things
!

which
ifTued

In the inftant a fpirit of a blue colour

behold.

fromBrimha's mouth, and

fhall thy

name be

faid aloud,

will.

Then

becaufe thou haft undertakea

Biflien

to preferve all things.

{

"

Brimha

then:

commanded

Biflien to

go and create

with vegetables for their fubfiftance, to

Biflien
earth which he himfelf had made.
mals,

created

all

manner of

beafts,

pofTefs that

forthwith

and

foul,- infects

fifli,

all ani-

reptiles.

Trees and grafs rofe alfo beneath his hands, for Brimha
had invefted him with power. But man was ftill wanting

whole and Brimhd commanded Biflien to form

him. Biflien began the work, but the men he made were
idiots with great belhes, for he could not infpire them witlj
to rule the

knowledge;

fo that in every

fembled the beafts of the

thing but in

field.

fliape,

They had no

they re-

pafllon hut

to fatisfy their carnal appetites.

'

" Brimha, offended at the men, deftroyed them,

and prohe called

was Sin-

duced four perfons from his own breath, whom

by four different names. The name of the firft
of the third, Sonnatin
of the fecond, Sinnunda
lioc
and of the fourth, Sonninkunar ^ Thefe four perfons were
ordered by Brimha, to rule over the creatures, and to poflefs'.
i|
hoO 0--.33fh oJmj asvig ad 1
jjod? ,edmna bf.i

The

providence of

Permanency.

God.
p

'^foq

fli

Intcllectua! exiftence.
-

.noLliV

3dT

HJS,
fjil^rmlj;
v
^
*

fop

A D

^,

for ever the world,

I.

4i

^&c.

any thing but

dtflruiStive quahty
in

But,,t]^ey rc^iiifed -to (Jp

to praife

E U f

God, having nothing of

-the

'

their compofition.

contempt of his orders, became angry,

and lo a brown fpirit ftarted from between his eyes. He
then hfting
fat down before Brimha, and began to weep
up his eyes, he afked him, " Who am I, and where fliall
Brimha, for

this

be the place of my abodq," Thy n?ime fliall be Rudder", faid

Brimha, and all nature fliall be; the place of thine abode.
But rife up, O Rudder and form man to govern the^
!

world.

Rudder immediately obeyed the orders of Brimha. He began the work, but the men he made were fiercer than tigers,
"

having nothing but the deftru6live quality in their compofitions,.

They, however, foon deftroyed one another, for anger was
Brimha, Biflien, and Rudder then joined
their only pafHon.
their different powers.

They

created ten

men, whofe names

were, Narud, Dico, Bafhiftaj IKrga, Kirku, Pulla, Pulifta,

Ongira, Otteri and Murichi * v

whole, was the Munies

The

general appellation of the

Brimha then produced Dirmo

from his back, Loab ^ from his

"

from his breaft, Adirmo

lip, and Kim ^ from his heart.
This laft being a beautiful
female, Brimha looked upon her with amorous eyes. But
the Munies told him, that fhe was his own daughter upon
which he flirunk back, and produced a blufliing virgin called
Ludja
Brimha thinking his body defiled by throwing his
^

The weeper 3

Timmu-goon.

becaufe he was produced in tears.

One

of

the names of Shibah, the deilrucHve attribute of the Divinity.

The

fjgnifications

Emulation, Humility,
<

The

Love.

Infpired.

of thefe ten names are in order,

'

Shame.

thefc-

Reafen, Ingenuity,

Prjdc> Patience, Charity, Deceit, Mortality.

P/e,iy
'

Fortune,

Misfortune.

Appeti'tci'^

DISSERTATION,

Sec.

upon Kam, changed it, and produced ten women, one

of which was given to each of the Munies."
eycfe

In this divifion of the

Bedang

Shailer, there is a

of the Surage Buns, or children of the fun, who,

ruled the world in the

firft

periods.

long

Hfl:

faid,

it is

But as the whole

is

mere dream of imagination, and fcarcely the belief of the

Hindoo children and women, we fhall not trefpafs further'
on the patience of the public with thefe allegories. The^
Brahmins of former ages wrote many volumes of romances
upon the lives and a(5tions of thofe pretended Kings, inculcating, after their manner, morality by fable. This was
the grand fountain from which the religion of the vulgar
if the vulgar of any country rein India was corrupted
quire any adventitious aid to corrupt their ideas, upon fo
;

'

myfterious a

upon

fubjecT:.

the whole, the opinions of the author of the Be-

dang, upon the fubject of religion, are not unphilofophical.

He

maintains that the world was created out of nothing by

God, and that it will be again annihilated. The unity, infinity and omnipotence of the fupreme divinity are inculcated'

though he prefents us with a long lift of inferior beings, it is plain that they are merely allegorical
and
neither he nor the fenfible part of his followers believe their
a(5^:ual exiftence.
The more ignoi'ant Hindoos, it cannot be

by him:

for

denied, think that thefe

fubaltern divinities do

exift,

the fame manner, that Chriftians believe in Angels

the unity of

God was

in
but-

.always a fundamental tenet of the

uncorrupted faith of the morc learned Brahmins.

Vol.

I.

The

A b
The opinion

S S

"E

this

ol"

R T A

I:"

philofophcr,

N,

tlU't

Sec.

the foul,

after

alHimcs a body of the puix^r elements, is not pecuIt defcended from the Druids of Euliar to the Brahmins.
rope, to the Creeks, and was the fame with the h^uXov
Homer. His idea of the manner of the tranfmigration of

tlciith,

the

human

foul into various bodies,

is

peculiar to himfelf.

As he holds it as a maxim that a portion of the great soul

he thinks it no ways
or God, animates every living thing
inconfiftent, that the liime portion that gave life to man,
fhould afterwards pafs into the body of any other animal.
;

This tranfmigration does not, in his opinion, debafe the

for when it extricates itfelf from the
quality of the foul
fetters of the flefli, it reafTumes its original nature.
:

The

followers of the

any phyfical

evil exifls.

Bedang Shaster do not allow that

They maintain that God created all

but that man, being a free agent,

may be guilty of moral evil: which, howeveiv only refpe(5ls
himfelf and fociety, but is of no detrirncnt to the general

things perfectly good,

God, fay they, has no paflion but benevolence: and being pofTefled of no wrath, he never puniflies
the wicked, but by the pain and afllicftion which are the
natural confequences of evil actions. The more learned
lyflem of nature.

which is menTioned in the Bedang, was only intended as a mere bughear to the vulgar, to inforce upon their minds, the duties
of morality: for that hell is no other' than a confcioufnefs
of evil, and thofe bad confequences which invariahly fol^low wicked deeds.
Brahmins therefore

Before

%A ASTER,

we
it

affirm, "tha^t' the hell

lhall preceed to the do(5Lrine

may

of the Neadirsen

not be improper to give a tranflatiori of the

A D

E R T A T

S S

N,

ct\

chapter of theDiRM Shaster, which throws a clear light

upon the religious tenets, common to both the grand fed:s
firft

of the Hindoos.

wifdom of God

a dialogue between Brimha, or the

and Narud, or human reafon.
It

is

NARUD.
^

thou

of

firft

God

Who

the greateft of all.Beijag&if

is

BRIMHA.

^ 'ofi aii

f)oO

Brimh

who

and almighty.

is injGnite

he exempted from death ?

I^

BRIMHA.
pe

is:

being eternal and incorporeal.

NARUD.
^qi3i

^^%ho

created the world

^^"^^^
I

BRIMHA.
God, by his power.

NARUD.
Who

is

the giver of

blifs

BRIMHA.
a^3nlr Kris^e j?

and whofoever worfhippeth him,

heaven

-Jcf\

as

we have

already obferved,

is

enjoy

:x-3iis-"

the genitive cafe of

Brimh

as

Wisdom

by the Brahmins, reckoned the chief attribute of God.

is,
I

Brimha,

^ci^

.ih^jiji

'

KrifheQ

is

derived

ft 091. ^r//?>

giving, and

joy.

It is

pne of the thoufand

DISSERTATI

N,

^Scc.

NARUD.
SDmilWhat

is

his likcnefs

,j

BRIMHA.

...

He hath no hkenefs: but

ftamp fome idea of hirrf^

cannot believe in an immate-

to

minds of men, who

being, he is reprefented under various fymbolical

upon
rial

the

forms.
^

ru^i^ld

yNARUB.

yrhat image fhall

.

-anusilo iiJo 3i

we

wa.

e.

conceive of hifft?i3qq^ bluow

R I M H A:"'

your imagination cannot rife to devotion without an

fuppofe with yourfelf, that his eyes are like the
image
If

Lotos, his complexion like

a cloud, his cloathing of the

lightning of heaven, and that he hath four hands^jm Hb

NARUD.

t>-v^

Why

fliould

we

think of the almighty in this form?

loi

aom

BRIMHA.
His eyes

may be compared

iHoW

to the Lotos, to

that

they are always open, like that flower which the greateft

His complie^iqn being:^,

like that of a cloud, ii an emblem of that darl$,nefs withwhich lie veils- himfelf from mortal eyes. His eloathing,,
depth of water cannot furmount.

is

of lightning, to exprefs that awful majefty which

fur^-

rounds him: and his four hands are fVmbob of his, ftrejjeihjf r
and ahnaghty POwerH" ^
vMs^^nBii. 5ii/i^n eii ni ai n JBib

What things

are proper to be offered unto

him

BRIMHA.rlTp'f^
^

Thofe things which are clean, and offered with ii gJatefut^

"^^^
keart;
fiut all things, which fey: tfee law are reckoned impur^,^
'

or.

A^^lDlTs S E

R T"A T

N,

&c.

Oil nAV:

by the touch of a woman in her times ;

things which have been coveted by your own foul, feized by
oppreflion, or obtained by deceit, or that have any natural
^
blemifli, are ofFerinffs unworthy of God.
-m 3ri3 noqu
'^^^^
rnbd
NARTJD.
or have been defiled

We

commanded then

are

to

make

fuch things as are pure and without

offerings to

God of

^-

which

blemifh, by

would appear that God eateth and drinketh, like mortal

man, or if he doth not, for what purpofe are our offerings
it

BRIMHA.
God

nor drinks like mortal men. But .i^.^jj

you love not God, your offerings will be unworthy of hini^^^j,|
neither eats

for as all

men

covet the good things of this world,

God

quires a free offering of their fubftance, as the flrongefl

mony

tefti^

of their gratitude and inclinations towards him.

How is God
'

re-'

to

be worfhipped

BRIMHA.

C^^.

io dJq^b

view; but for love of his beauties, gratitude for his favours, and for admiration of his greatnefs. '^^^^''^
Wit^i'^no'l^Sffli

NARUD.
How
that

can the

it is

from one

in

its

human mind

fix itfelf

nature changeable,

objedl to another

bnuo^:

upon God,

bein^^.

^^4^ perpetually running

BRIMHA:?^^^'^
True: The mind is flronger than an elephahf,; wHpm'
men have -found means to fubdue, though they have never been

A D

S 9

E* *'A' t

K,

"Sec,

the
been able entirely to fuT)(^uetlieh' owii incliilations. But
ankulh of the mifid is ttiic wifdom, which fees into the
MVa'Hity of all worldly things.

NARUD.
Where

fliall

wc find

true

wifdom

lapyra

BRIMHA.
In the fociety-of

good and

\yif|^mqn.

NARUD..J/il n
But the mind, in

and all worldly

fubdued

fpite

of

pleafures.

reftraint,

How

covets riches,

women,

are thefe appetites to be

BRIMHA.
'

If they cannot be

overcome by reafon,

let

them be mor-

necelTary to
by penance. For this purpofe it will be
left your refolution fliould
'''\iiake a public and folcmn vow,
it.
be fliaken by the pain which attends
tified

NARUD.

We fee
death

that all

men

are mortal,

what Hate

is

there after

T ^< I

BRIMHA.

as retain a fmall degree ot

Surg " for a time ; but the
^yorldly inclinations, will enjoy
fhall be abforbed into God,
fouls of thofe who are holy,
The wicked fliall be punifliflefti.

The

fouls of fuch

good

men

never more to reanimate

''^^^'ed'in Nifick
'

'

'

for.a certain fpace,

and afterwards

of
arb t)feTmittd <to:iw^indev, iu.4earch

.^

AnkuOi

is

new

their fouls

habitations of

elephants.
an Iron inftiument ufed for driving

NARUD.

DISSERTATION,

&c

NARUD.
O

Thou,
told, that

yet we are
one
we are taught to call God, was born
That Kifhen, whom we call God, was

father, doll

Ram,

whom

in the houfe of Jeffarit

mention God

as

born in the houfe of Bafdeo, and many others in the fame

manner. In what light axe we to take tliis myftery
?

BRIMHA.
You
c^f

are to look

upon

thefe as particular manifeftations

the providence of God, for certain great emjls, as in the

women,

cafe of the fixteen hundi-ed

the

men of Sirendiep were

"

called Gopi,

dcftroyed in war.

when

all

The women

prayed forhulbands, and they had all their defires gratified

in one night, and became with child. But you are not to
fuppofe,

a^or,
felf,

is

who
human

God,

tliat

liable to

is

in this cafe introduced as the

paflions or fraiUies, being in

At the fame time he

pure and incorporeal.

may

him-

appear

in a thoufand places, by a thoufand names, and in a tliou-

fand forms

yet continue the

fame unchangeable, in

his

divine nature.

Without making any refledions upon this chapter of

theDiRM Shaster, it appears evident, that the religion of
the Hindoos has hitherto been very much mifreprefented in
^

-Europe.

The

followers of the Neadirsen Shaster, differ

from the fed of the Bedang,

4hough .both agree about the unity of the fupreme being.
To give fome idea of the Neadirfen philofophy, we fliall, in
this place, give fome extracts from that Shafter.
greatly in their philofophy,

Neadirsen is a compound from Nea, fignifying right*

andDiRSEN, to teach or explain fo that thfe word may be
j

The

iflandof Ceylon.

tranilated

Ivi

tranflatcd

an

DISSERTATION,
of truth.

exhibition

fo antient as tlic

by a philofopher

Bcdang, yet

Though

Goutam, near

called

ago.

The philofophy contained

ftrufe

and metaphyfical

Goutam

laid to

it is

not reckoned

is

it

have been written

fovu'

thoufand years

in this Shatter,

and therefore

Sec.

it

is

is

very ab-

but juftice to

to confefs, that the author of the diflcrtation, not-

withftanding the great pains he took to have proper defini-

by no means

whether he has
In this ftate of uncertainty he chofe
fully attained his end.
to adhere to the literal meaning of words, rather than by a

tions of the terms, is

certain,

free tranflation, to deviate perhaps

from the

fenfe of his

author.

The

Hindoos of Bengal, and all the

northern provinces of Hindoftan, efteem the Neadirsen a facred Shatter but thofe of the Decan, Coromandel, and Magenerality of

tlie

labar, totally reject

only came

it.

It

confifts

The

of feven volumes.

hands of the author of the difTertation,

and he has, lincc his arrival in England, depofitcd it in the
Britifli Mufeum.
He can fay nothing for certain, concerning the contents of the fubfequent volumes only that they
contain a compleat fyftem of the theology and philofophy of
the Brahmins of the Neadirfen fe(5l.

iirft

to the

Goutam does
of the Bedang.

not begin to reafon, a priori^ like the writer

He

confiders the prefent ttate of nature,

and the inteUe(5tual faculties, as far as they can be inveftigated by human reafon and from thence he draws all his
conclufions. He reduces all things under fix principal
;

heads

and
'

fubttancc,

conftrucTtion %

Thefe are

in

quality,

motion,

fpecies,

aflimulation,

In iubftance, befides time, fpace,

the original Shanfcrita, Dirba,

Good, Kirmo^ Summania,

life,

Bifliefh,

Samraabac.

and

A D
and

fpirit,

E R T A T

S S

he comprehends

The four

akafii.

earth,

grolTer elements,

N, &c.

\vater,

he

fays,

and

air,

fire,

come under the

immediate comprehenfion of our bodily fenfes ; and akaiii,

time, fpace, foul and fpirit, come under mental perception.

He

of perception arc? equally

j.-real, as we cannot comprehend the nature of a foUd cubit,
any more than the fame extent of fpaqev,;.Jie affirms, that
;

maintains, that

all obje(5ls

diftance in point of time

henlible
iftence,

fo that if

we

fliall

time mult be fo

ciple, is a fubtile

and

fpace, are equally incornpre-

admit, that fpace

That the

too.

is

a real ex-

foul, or vital

element, which pervades

all

things

that intelledl, which, according to experience in

cannot proceed from organization and

niuft be a principle totally diftindt

"

The author of

the

Bedang

vital

prin;

for

animals,

motion only,

from them.

V' fays

Goutam,

" finding the

forming an idea of fubftance, afferts^ tjijaiall

nature is a mere delufion. But.^s imagination muft be ac^ed
upon by fome real exiflence, as we cannot conceive.;i;hat ,it
^^an ae% upon itfelf, we mull conclude, that there is fomcimpoilibility^pf

.,

^^thing real, otherwife philofoph)^

is

ataja.eQ.dJ'

then proceeds \o explain what he means by his fecond

principle, or Goon,, which, fays he, comprehends twenty-

He

four: things

forii),

tailq,

fmell. jouch, >.found,

number,

quantity, gr^vyity,. jg}i4itj^,...|kiid^

^
>

.ac-

feparation^pxip^ijy, ^9|l,criprif^, 4iyjfij^ijl^%m^i>ijil)ifi

cident, perceptioq,^-.eaTc^

.paiii,

fyftem of/cqpUcal p'f^9f<jf hy^y^c^y^bjch

7'he twenty-four things are,

ifi

defii:^,,^,avexfi9,,,a,nd,p
JTiax>^^

the Biahmiiis adhere.

the Shanfcrita, in order ihefe

Rup>, Ris,

Gund,

Stipurfx, 'S!i'6^*r<lo,'''SliJka,^TKfri*rthhri C5brri\fe;^- DiirbUte, Siilnth.i, ShaiWk.m,

gcojr,

Bibag, Firnbic,

Parike'!,

Appoiticla,

Addarillo,

Bud,

Sue,

San-

Docj,- itcha,

[nXsk^i Jotna.

Vol.

I.

Kirmo

A D
Kirmo

or motion

R T A T

S S E

N,

8.C.

according to him, of two kinds,

is,

Sammania, or

and crooked.

fpecies,

which

and natural

principle, inchidcs all animals

is

drrc*5\:

his third

producflions.

Bi-

Ihclh he defines to be a tendency in matter towards produc-

and Sammabae, or the

is

the artificial

conftrucT;ion or formation of thijigs, as a ftatue

from a block

tions

laft

principle,

of marble, a houfe from Hones, or cloth from cotton.

Under thefe fix heads, as we have already obferved, Goutam comprehends all things which fall under our comprehenfion and after having rcafoned about their nature and
;

origin,

i\\

a very philofophical manner, he concludes with

afferting, that five things

firft

of thefe

fays he,

is

muft of necefhty be

eternal.

The

Pirrum Attima, or the great soul, who,

is

immaterial, one, invifible, eternal, and indivifiblc,

poflefiing omnifcience, refi, will,

and power \
.

The fecond eternal principle is the Jive Attima,

tal foul, which he fuppofes is material, by giving
lowing properties

number, quantity, motion,

or the Vin
it

the fol-

contra(5lion,

extenfion, divifibility, perception, pleafure, pain, defire, aver^f,

fion,

accident,

and power.

that the vital foul

is diflferent

His reafons for maintaining,

from the great foul, are very nur;,

head that the followers of the

merous, and it is upon this

Bedang and Neadirfen are principally divided. The firft.,
affirm that there is no foul in the univerfe but God, and the
fecond ftrenuoufly hold that there is, as they cannot conceive, that God can be fubje(5l to fuch afFe(5lions and paffions
as they feel in their

a propenfity to
h

own minds

evil.

Thefe properties of the

Oilerifa, Nitie,

Evil,

or that he can pofiibly have

according to the author of the

divinity, are the ^fQll9^ying

iia

,<J5(Jer^ j

JSIjd^lf^iJ^^g^ti^Jl^y^

Appartiila, Budfirba, Suck, Itcha, jotna.

Neadirfen
9

A D

S S

E R T A

N,

8cc.

Neadirfen Shafter, proceeds endrely from Jive Attima, or

the vital foul. It is a felfifli craving principle, never to be
fatisfied

defire

whereas God remains in eternal

reft,

without any

but benevolence.

Goutam's

third eternal

principle

time or duration,

is

which, fays he, muft of neceffity have

thing did

exill

and

is

while any
The fourth prin-

exifted,

therefore infinite.

ciple is fpace or extenfion,

without which nothing could

have been and as it comprehends all quantity, or rather is

infinite, he maintains, that it is indivifiblc and eternal.
The
fifth eternal principle is Akafh, a fubtile and pure element,
which fills up the vacuum of fpace, and is compounded of
;

purmans
petual.
late thefe

or quantities, infinitely fmall, indivifible and per" God," fays he, " can neither make nor annihi-

atoms, on account of the love which he bears

them, and

the neceffity of their exiftence

tO'

but they are, in

other refpedts, totally fubfervient to his pleafure."

'^^^

'^^^ ^

God," fays Goutam, " at a certain feafon, endued: thdfc

atoms, as we may call them, withBifhefli or plallicity, by

which they arranged themfelves into four grofs-^

elements, fire, air, water, and earth. Thefe atoms being,;^
from the beginning, formed by God into the y^^^xof all pro-^

virtue of

dudlions, Jive Attima, or the vital foul, aflbciated with them,

fo that animals,

Updn
*'

and plants of various kinds, were produced

ai^uu^^j^

the face of the earth."

The fame

vital foul,"

continues Goutam,

which

be-

Purman of an animal, may afterwith the Purman of a iTbiari?\ 'Tllk- tranfm

fore alTociated with the

wards

aflbciate

r>,:r,.^v^

gration

A D

S S

E R

T A T

N,

8cc.

by thrce names, Mirt, Mirren, nnd

Pirra-purra-purvefli, which lafl literally fignifiee the change of
The fuperiority of man, according to the philofophy
abode.
gration

is diftingiilflied

of the Neadirfcn, confiils only in the finer organization of

his parts, from which proceed reafon, reflexion, and me-

mory, which the brutes only pofTefs in an

on account of their lefs refined organs.

inferior degree,

Goutam fuppofes, with

the author of the Bedang, that the

foul after death, alllimes a body of fire, air, and akafli, unIcfs in

the carnal body,

virtue, tliat
is

it

retains

abforbed into the

reanimate

flelli.

reward of

all

has been fo purified by piety and

it

no

felfifli

inclinations,

hi that cafe

great soul of nature, never more

Such, fays the philofopher,

thofe

who

worfliip

fliall

God from pure

it

to

be the

love

and

admiration, without any felfifh views. Thofe thatfhall worfhip God from inotives of future happinefs, fliali be indul-

ged with their defires in heaven, for a certain time. But

^they muft alfo expiate their crimes, by fufFering adequate
puniHiments and afterwards their fouls w^ill return to the
earth, and wander about for new habitations.
Upon their
return to the earth, they fhall cafually aflbciate with the firfl
;

'

Organized Purman they fhall meet. They fhall not retain

any confcioufnefs of their former fi:ate, unlefs it is revealed

them by God. But thofe favoured perfons are very few,

and are diftinguiftied by the name of Jates Summon
to

The author of

the Neadirfen teaches, for the purpofes of

morality, that the fins of the parents will defcend to their

pofterity

and

that,

on the other hand, the virtues of the

children will mitigate the punifliments of the parents in

'

The

accjuaintcd with their former ftate.

,n;>di:3''2

Nirick,

A
Nirick,

DISSERTATION,

and haften

holds ingratitude

black crime,

their return to the earth.

"

fciys

to

be the greateft.

remains in heaven,

or to the

Of

all fins

he

Souls guilty of that

remain in

he, will

8cc.

hell,

while the fun

general diflblution of

all

things.

fays

Intelle(5t,

of the fenfes.

Goutam,

He
The

is

reckons

he

formed by the combined

fix

fenfes

five

a(5lion

and

external

Manus, by which lie feeras

In the latter he comprehends reafon,
to mean confcience.
perception " and memory and he concludes, that by their
means only, mankind may poffibly acquire knowledge.
He then proceeds to explain the manner by \vhicl} ,thefe
one

internal.

laft

calls

r
'

'

"

from the Shanfkar or repulfive qualities of bodies, by which the particles of light which fall
upon them, are reflected back upon the eyes from all parts
of their furfaces. Thus the objesfl is painted in a perfect
manner upon the organ of feeing, whither the foul repairs
Sight, fays he, arifes

to receive the

image.

He

affirms, that, unlefs, the foul fixes

upon the figure in' the eye, nothing can be, perceived by the mind; for a man in a profound rcA^cpe,
though his eyes are open to the light, perceives nothing.
Colours, fays Goutam, are particular feelings in the eye,
which are proportioned to the quantity of light reileded
from any folid body.
its

attention

Goutam

manner with

defines hearing in the rfapae

the

European philofoplm's, with this diffx^rence only, tUat he

"

Chakous, Shraban, Rafan, Gronap, Tawafs.

/i'

fup-

A
fuppofcs, that

S S

E R

TA T

found which

tlie

N,

&CC.

afFc6ls the ear,

is

conveyed:,

through the purer clement of akafh, and not hy the

i\n

error

which

is

air..;

not very furprizing-, in a fpeculative philo-

he defines to be a fenfation of the tongue and

palate, occafioned by the particular form of thofe particles,
which compofe food. Smell, fays he, proceeds from the
The feelcllluvia which arife from bodies to the noftrils.
Ibphcr.

ing,

Taftc,

which

arifcs

from touching,

is

occafioned by the con-

denfe bodies with the fkin, which, as well as the

fact of

whole body, excepting the bones, the hair and the

the organ of that fenfc. There runs, fays he, from
of the

fl^in,

very fmall nerves

to a

all

parts

which he
This nerve is com-

great nerve,

by the name of Medda.

diO-inguiflies

nails, is

pofcd of two dilFercnt coats, the one fenfitive, arid "the b'the'r
It extends from the crown of the head, down
infenfitive.

When

the right fide of the vertebra; to the right foot

body becomes languid, the

tires

the

with a6lion, rewhich checks the operation;

foul, fatigued

within the infenfible coat,

of the fenfes, and occafions found fleep. But fliould there

remain in the foul, a fmall inclination to a6lion, it ftarts
into the fenfitive part of the nerve,
arife

before

it.

and dreams immediately

Thefe dreams, fays he, invariably relate

fomething perceived before by the

may combine the ideas together at

fenfes,

to

though the mind

pleafure..

Manus, or confcience, is the internal feeling of the mind,

when it is no way affeded by external objects. Onnuman^
or reafon, fays Goutam, is that faculty of the foul which
enables us to conclude that things and circumftances exift,
*

To

anatomy

fave
is

the credit of

not

at all

inp a dead body,

lif

Goutam,

known among

in

this

place^

it

the Hindoos, beiog

is

ncceflliry

to

obferve, that
'

flri<flly

prohibited from roucli-

the fevereft ties of religion.

"

from

:A

.-8

A D

from an analogy

S S

T
E R

to things,

T H
TA T
J.

8 8 .1

fee

N,

A
Sec.

which had before

the conception of our bodily fenfes

we
we

fallen

under

For inftance,

when
when

we conclude that it proceeds from a fire

one end of a rope, we are perfuaded that it mull

fmoak,

fee

have another.

iv/

By reafon, continues Goutam, men perceive the exiftence

which the Boad or Atheills deny, becaufe his ejp*^
of God
iftence does not come within the comprehenfion of ,the
Thefe atheiils, fays he, maintain, that there is no
fenfes.
;

God but

the univerfe

that there

is

neitiier

good nor

evil in

no fuch thing as a foul that all

animals exift, by a mere mechanifm of the organs, or by a
fermentation of the elements and that all natural prodacthe world

that there

is

tions are but the fortuitous concourfc of things.

The philofopher

by a
have been often urged by

refutes thefe atheiflical opinions,

long train of arguments, fuch as

European divines. Though fuperftition and cuflom
biafs reafon to different ends, in various countries,

a furprifmg fimilarity in the arguments ufed by

againft the

may

we

find

all nations^

Boad, thofe common enemies of every fyftem

of religion.
"

Another

of the Boad, fays Goutam, are of opinfon.

fe6l

were produced by chance

This do6trine
he thus refutes. Chance is fo far from being the origin of
that all things

ail things, that it

has but a momentary exiftence of

being alternately created and annihilated,

nitely fmall, as

it

its

own

periods

infi-

depends entirely on the action of

r-eal

at

Add.uifto.

eflences.

Ixiv

DISSERTATION,

cc.

muft inevitably proceed from feme natural caufc. Let the dice be
rattled eternally in the box, they arc determined in their
motion, by certain invariable laws. What therefore we call
chance, is but an cfTcfSt. proceeding from caufes which we

cflcnces.

This action

not accidental, for

is

it

do not perceive.

" Perception,"

continues Goutam,

" is

faculty

that

by

which we inftantaneoufly know things without the help of

rcafon. This is perceived by means of relation, or fome
diflinguifliing property in things, fiich

long and

fliort,

hot, black

as

great and fmall, hard and

high and low,

foft,

cold

and

and white."

Memory, according

to

Goutam,

is

the elafticity of the

ways on things
on things paft,
prefent as to time, but abfent as to place
and on things to come. It would appear from the latter
part of the diftindion, that the philofopher comprehends
imagination in memoiy. He then proceeds to define all
the original properties of matter, and all the paflions and
He then defcants on the nature of
faculties of the mind.

mind, and

is

employed

in three different

generation.
" Generation, fays he,

may

be divided into two kinds

Jonidge, or generation by copulation

ration without copulation.

and adjonidge, geneAll animals are produced by

;

and all plants by the latter. The purman or feed

of things, was formed from the beginning, with all its
When it happens to be depofited in a matrix fuitable
parts.
the

firft,

to its nature, a foul aflbciates

with

it

and, by aflimulating

more

DISSERTATION,

A
more

matter,

for plants,

the

it

Sec.

gradually becomes a creature or

plant

as well as animals, are pofTefled of a portion of

'Vital foul

of the world."

Goutam, in
and free will.

The

anotl-ter place, treats

He

difFufely of providence

divides the action of

man under

three

power of man, and cafual

or accidental events. In explaining the firft, he maintains a
in the fecond, the freedom of will
particular providence
and in the third, the common courfe of things,
in man
according to the general laws of nature. With refpecH: to
providence, though he cannot deny the poffibility of its
exiftence, without divefting God of his omnipotence, he
fuppofes that the deity never exerts that power, but that he
remains in eternal reft, taking no concern, neither in huheads

will of God,

the

man affairs,

nor in the courfe of the operations of nature.

The author of the Ncadirfen maintains,

fubjedl to fucceflive dilTolutions
flated periods.

He

that the

and renovations

world

is

at certain

divides thefe difTolutions into the Icfler

and the greater. The lefTcr diHolution will happen at the

end of a revolution of the Jugs. The world v/ill be
the elements ihall be
'then confumed by fire, and
jumbled together, and afrer a certain fpace of time, rhey
will again refume their former order. When a thoufand of
thofe fmaller diilblutions fhall liave happened, a MahperLEY or great diffohuion will

.take place.

All the elements

Purmans

will then be reduced to their original

or atoms, in

which ftate they fliall' long remain. God will then, from
his mere goodnefs and pleafure, reftore Bilhefli.or plaflicity.

Vol.

A new
I.

creatiafl*iWiil -arife
'
'

'iJ^B^J
'

thus things have

revolved

DISSERTATION,

Ixvi

&c.

revolved in fucccffion, from the beginning, and will con*

tinuc to do fo to eternity.

have furiiiflicd an ample field for the inventions of the Brahmins.

Many allegorical fyllems of creation are upon that aecomit
repeated diflbliuions and

Thcfc

renovations

was for this reafon, that fo

many different accounts of the cofmogony of the Hindoos
have been promulgated in Europe fome travellers adopting,
one fyllem, and fome another. Without deviating from the
good manners due to thofe writers, we may venture to
afiirm, that their tales, upon this fubjedV, are extreamly
They took their accounts from any
puerile, if not abfurd.
common Brahmin, with whom they chanced to meet, and
never had the curiolity or induftry to go to the fountaia
contained in the Shafters.

It

head.

In fome of the renovations of the w^orld, Brimha, or the

wifdom of God, is reprefented in the form of an infant with
his toe in his

mouth, floating on a comala or

or fomctimes

upon

a leaf of that plant,

v/ater flower,

upon the watery

The Brahmins mean no more by this allegory, than

that at that time, the wifdom and defigns of God will appear, as in their infant flate.
Brimha floating upon a leaf,,
Ihews the inftability of things at that period. The toe
which he fucks in his mouth, implies that infinite wifdom
ubyfs.

fubfifts

of

emblem

itlclf

of

tlie

and the

pofition of Brimha's body, is

an

endlefs circle of eternity,

\Vc fee Brimha fonietimes creeping forth from a winding

fhcll.

This

is

an

emblem of

which divine v/ifdom

the

iflues fcrih

untraceable

from the

way by

infmte'ocean of
Cod.

A D

T A T

E R

S S

N,

&c.

Ixvii

blows up the world with a pipe,

which implies, that the earth is but a bubble of vanity,
which the breath of his mouth can deflroy. Brimha, in
one of the renovations, is reprefented in the form of a fnake,
one end of which, is upon a tortoife which floats upon the
vaft abyfs, and upon the other, he fupports the world.
The
fnake is the emblem of wifdom, the tortoife is a fymbol of
He,

God.

fecurity,

abyfs

is

at other times,

which figuratively

fignifies

providence, and the vafl

the eternity and infinitude of God.

What has been

already faid has,

it is

hoped, thrown a

new

on the opinions of the Hindoos, upon the fubjed:

)f religion and philofophical inquiry.
We find that the
Brahmins, contrary to the ideas formed of them in the weft,
invariably believe in the unity, eternity, omnifcience and
light

that the polytheifm of which they

omnipotence of God
have been accufed, is no more than a fymbolical worfhip of
:

the divine attributes,

which they

divide into three principal

Under the name of Bri mha, they worfliip the wifdom

and creative power of God under the appellation of Bishen,
and under that of
his providential and prcferving quality
Shi BAH, that attribute which tends to deftroy.
clafies.

This fyftem of worfhip, fay the Brahmins, arifes from

two opinions.
confequently

The

invifible,

per idea of him,

The fecond
ideas of

is,

is,

that as

it

is

God

is

impoffible

immaterial, and
to

raife

that

pro-

by any image in the human mind.

that

it

necefi[ary

is

to ftrike

man, with fome emblems of God's

ptherwife,
vanifli

firft

all

fenfe

from the mind.

of

They,
i

the

attributes^

naturally

religion

will

for

purpofe,

this

grofs

have

made

DISSERTATION,

A
made

reprelcntations of

fymbolical

the divine attributes

them

believe

the fupreme

be

to

the three

but they aver,

feparate

has

divinity,

&c.

of

clafles

do not
Brimh, or

that they

intelligences.

names

a thouland

but the

Hindoos would think it the grolTeft impiety to reprefent

The human mind, fay they,
him under any form.

may form fome conception of his

but who can grafp the whole,

feparately,

attributes

within

the

of

circle

finite ideas."

That in any age or country, human reafon was ever

fo depraved as to worfhip the work of hands, for the
creator of the univerfe, we believe to be an abfolute
deception, which arofe from the vanity of the abettors

To

of particular fyflems of religion.

into the

upon

among

human mind,

the

affairs

all

nations.

confeflbd,

lopped

crefcences and

minds,
to

upon

of

it

will appear,

religion,

is

attentive inquirers

that

common

fenfe,

pretty equally divided

Revelation and philofophy have,

fome

off

abfurdities

a fubjeifh

fo

of

that

thofe

fuperftitious

naturally arife in

myflerious

but

it

it

is

is

ex-

weak

much

whether the want of thofe neceflary puof religion, ever involved any nation in grofs idoas many ignorant zealots have pretended.

be doubted,

rifiers

latry,

In India, as well as in
religious feels

the

medium

receive,

as

many

the one look

other countries, there are two

up

to

the divinity, through

of reafon and philofophy

an

article

of their belief,

while the others

every holy legend

which have been tranfmitted down from

From a fundamental article in the Hindoo

and allegory
antiquity.

faith.

A
that

faith,

DISSERTATION,

God

is

the foul of the

quently difFufed through

all

the elements,

of

natiire,

the

and

is

confe-

vulgar revere

and confequently every great natural

the

fupreme

weak minds, without

I'ation

toorld,

God; nor is the infieafily

comprehended by

as containing a portion of

obje(5l,
jiity

all

&c,

for

among

different

common

being,

falling into this error.

objedls,

has,

This vene-

no doubt, given

rife

an idea of fubaltern
intelligences; but the learned Brahmins, with one voice,
and, indeed,
deny the exiflence of inferior divinities
all their religious books of any antiquity,
confirm that
the

Indians,

to

affertion.

2Lnd of the Dissertation.

-1

-4

ao

6lSUs

ij

CATALOGUE
OF THE

GODS
riT'^O
I

OF THE

HINDOOS.

prevent future writers from confounding them-

felves

and

others,

by miftaking fynonimous names-

of the Gods of the Hindoos, for different intelligences, we

hereprefent the public with a catalogue of them, as taken from

an original book of the Brahmins.

*

lift

of proper names,

efpecially in a foreign language, is fo very dry of

it is

fitive

itfelf,

that

fuperfluous to advife fuch as are not particularly inqui-

upon

this fubjefb,

can afford very

little

to pafs entirely over this

lift,

as

it

amufement^

Brimh, or the fupreme being, is diftinguiflied by a thoufand names, in the Shanfcrita, according to the Brahmins
but it is to be obferved, that in that number they include
the names of aM thofe powers, properties, and attributes,
which they conceive to be inherent in the divine nature, as
;

well as the names of

all

thofe fymbols

and material

effences,

luider

CATALOGUE

Ixxii

THE

OF

Thofe commonly ufcd

Bagubaan, the receptacle of
arc, lilibur, the great will
goodncls
Narrain, the giver of motion; Pirrimpurrous,

under which God

worfliipped.

is

the

elFencc

firfc

Niringen, the difpaffionate

Nidakar, the

immaterial.

Brimha, or God, in his attribute of wifdom, is worfhipped under the following names. Attimabah, the good fpiBeda,

rit.

Bcddatta,

fcience.

the

giver of knowledge.

the flower of the creation.

Bifiielhrick,

Surrajift, Purmifti,

Pittamah, Hirinagirba, Lokefla, Saimbu, Chottranun, Dutra,

Objajoni, Birrinchi,

BrsiiEN, or

God

Commalafein, Biddi.

in his providential quality,

under the following names.

fliana, the

nourillier.

Biflii-kcfli,

Kefeba,

Gurrud-idaja,

cack,

worfhipped

Krifliana, the giver of joy

Baycanta,

Bitara-firba,

Subbuh,

Mahdob,
Pittamber,

Uppindera,

Jannardan,

fon,

is

Bi-

Dammudar,
Punderi-

Deitari,

Otchuta,

Saringi, Biflick-

Indrabah-raja,

Suckerpani,

Chullerbudge, Puttanab, Mudcripu, Bafdebo, Tribickerma,

Deibuckinindan, Suri,
Billidinfi, Kangfarratti,

SiiiBAH,

or as

fometimes Shiew,
of God,

Bunnumali,

Oddu-kego, Billimber, Koitabagit,

is

it

is

generally pronounced,

Shieb, and

emblematically, the deftrudive power

known by

the

names of MahoilTur,

the great

Mahdebo, the great fpirit Bamdebo, the frightful

MohiUa, the deftroyer Khaal, time Sumbu, Illi, Puf-

Demon
;

Purrufittam,

Lanchana.

Sirbafla,

fpirit

Sirriputti,

fhuputti, Shuli, Surboh, Ifhan, Shawkacarrah, Sandrafeikar,

Butcheffa, Candapurfu, Girifla, Merrurah, Mittinja, Kirtibafli,

Pinnaki,

Pirmatadippo,

Ugur,

Choppurdi,

Sricanr,
Sitticanf,

G-

OD

OF

THE HINDOOS.
Trilochuna, Kerfanwrcta,

Birrupacka,

Sittlcant, Copalbrit,

Ixxiil

Sirbugah, Durjutti, Neloloito, Harra, Sarraharra, Trimbick,

Tripurantacka, Gangadir, Undiikorripu, Kirtudanfi, Birfadija,

Bumkefa, Babah, Bimeh, Stanu, Rudder, Ummaputti.

manner as the power of God is figuratively

to have taken upon itfelf three mafcuHne forms at the

In the fame
faid

creation; fo Pirkitti, or the goodnefs of God,

is

faid to

have taken three feminine forms. The firft of thefe was

Drugah, or Virtue, who, fay they, was married to Shibah,
to intimate that good and evil are fo blended together, that
they could not have exifted feparately for bad there been
no fuch thing as evil, in confequence there could be no
good. She is worfhipped in this charadter under the names
of Bowani, courage Maiah, love Homibutti, Ifhura, Shi;

Surba-mungula, Appurna, Parbutti,

Xattaini Gouri, and a variety of other names.
bae, Rudderani, Sirbani,

As the confort of

Biflien,

fhe

is

worfliipped under the

names of Litchmi, which fignifies fortune

Leich, Commala, Siri Horripria.
As the confort of Brimha, fhe

names of

Surfitti,

is

generally

Puddamah,

known by

the

which means the beftower of wifdom

Giandah, the giver of reafon

Brimhapira.

Gire, Baak, Bani, Sardah^

^

Befides the above fix capital divifions of the divine attri-

toGRANESH, or policy, whom they

worliiip at the commencement of any defign, by the name*
of Biggenrage, Binnauck, Deimatar, Gunnadebo, Eckdant,
Herrumboo, Lumbodre, Gunjanund, This divinity is feignbutes, they raife temples

VoL.

1.

ed

A CA T A
to

ctl

be the iirftborn

OF

O G U E

of Siiibah, and

foil

II

reprefented with

is

the head of an elephant, >vith one tooth only.

Kartick, or Tame,

names

as follows

worfliippcd under various

alfo

is

Farruck-gite, Mahafin, Surjunmah, Sur-

ranonno, Parbutti-nundun, Skunda Sonnani, Agnibu, Guha,

Bahulliha, Bilhaka, Shuckibahin, Shanmattara, Shuckliddir,

Cummar,

Corrini-chidarna.

He

is

faid to

be the fecond ion

of Sibah.

Cam-debo, the

fpirit

of love,

alfo

is

known by

names

the

Muddun, Mannumut, Maro, Purrudumun, Minckatin,

Kundurp, Durpako, Annungah, Panfufur, Shwaro, Sumberari, Munnuligah, Kusfliumeflia, Ommenidja, Pafsbadinna,
of

Ratimoboo

Kulliputti, Nackera-dija,
firft

he

is

faid to be the

born of Bifhen.

Cob ERE, or wealth, is known by the following names

Trumbuca-fuca, Juckrage, Gudja-kelTera, Monnufa-dirma,
Dunnedo, Raja Raja, Donnadippa, KinarefTo, Borflerbunnu,
;

Pollufta, Narru^bahin,

Ellabilla,

Srida

Puneja*

Nill Cohere the fon of wealth, is alfo reprefented

nifherah.
in the

Joikaika,

emblems of luxury, but

SooRAGE, or the Sun,

Inder, or the

is

King of the

is

feldom worfliipped.

names of
Mohruttan, Mugubah, Bi-

worfliipped under the

Stars

raja, Packfafen, Birdirfifba, Sonnafir,

Giftnow, Likkerfubba,

Sockor,

Purruhutta, Purrinder,

Sukamunneh,

Debasputti,

Suttrama, Gottrabit, Budgeri, Bafub, Bitterha, Baftofputti,

Suraputti, Ballaratti, Satchiputti, Jambubedi, Horriheia, Surat,

Nomifinundun, Sonkrindana, Duflibina, Turrafat, Ne-

gabahina, Akindilla, Sorakah, Ribukah.

3

Chunder,

G O D
Ch UNDER,

THE HINDOOS,

or the Moon,

is

worfliipped under the

names of

Hindoo, Himmanchii, Chunderitiah, Kumuda-bandibah,Biddu, Sudduns, Subranfu, Oiladiira, Nifliaputti, Objoja, Soom,

Gullow, Merkanku, Koliandi, Dirjaragc, Serudina, NuhtitrefTli,

Kepakina.

Bcfides all the above, they have divinities

which they

fiip-

pofe to prefide over the elements, rivers, mountains, &c. ot

rather worfliip

all

thefe as parts of the divinity, or

on

a fup-

pofition of his exiftence in all things.

AcaNNi, or the God of

ren, or the

of

air,

God

fire,

hath

of water, ten names.

twenty-three

names

names.

Bir-

Baiow, or the

God

thirty-five

which are

all

too tedious

to

mention.

The JuM
fpirits

who

are fourteen in

number, and are fuppofed

be

difpofe of the fouls of the dead.

The Us SERA are beautiful women, who

in heaven,

to

and

to fing the praifes

The GuNDiRP
The Rakiss

are boys

are feigned to refide

of God.

who have

the

are ghofls or fpedres

fame

office.

who walk

about the

earth.

The Deints

or Oissurs are evil fpirits or demons,

were expelled from heaven, and are now

faid to live

who

under

ground.

The DEosorDEBOs,
to

be of the element of

are fpirits
fire

whofe bodies are fuppofed

they are fometimes reprefented

jprefented
beautiful

Ixxvi

CATALOGUE,

bcaiuiful as angels, and at other times

they arc fiippofcd to inhabit the

&f.
in'

horrible forms

air.

Such is the flrangc fyftemof religion which pricftcraft has

impofed on the vulgar, ever ready in all climes and ages
There is one thing
to take advantage of fuperftitious minds.
ho^'cver to be fa id in favour of the Hindoo do6lrine, that
while it teaches the pureft morals, it is fyftematically formed
on philofophical opnions. Let us therefore no longer imagine
half the world more ignorant than the ftones which theyfeem
to worfliip,but reft afliired, that

nies of religion

may

whatever the external ceremo-

be, the felf-fame infinite

Being

is

the

object of univerfal adoration.

THE

THE

HISTORY
HINDOSTAN.
O

PART
The Hiftoryof
Invafion of

the

I.

Hindoos,

before the

Hindostan by

the

firft

Maho-

MEDANS.

SECTION
Of the

fabulous Accounts of the Hindoos concerning their

A Specimen

Origin.

THERE

is

of their ancient Hiflory.

no hiflory among the Hindoos, of better authority The

which Shech Abul Fazll

than the Mahabarit

Periian, in the reign of

Akbar.

dred and twenty thoufand periods

kind of long blank

ticulars

I.

which

* Mahabarit

verfe.

-f-

We fhall

relate to the hiflory

fignifics, the

great war.

cimcn of the legends contained

in that

It confifts

tranllated into Hindoos

of about one hun-

in the original Shanfcrita, in a

from

this

author feled the par-

of the Hindoos.

Our author has

in this feifiion given a fpe-

book.

t Aflilogues or Stanzas.

Vol.

I.

ancient

'

The

fa-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fhe

Theirdivifion
ot time.

jugs

They

periods or
Hliidoos divide the age of the world into four grand
o
^
the Sat Jug, the Treta Jug, the Duapur Jug, and theCal Jug.

believe that

mence
Sat

when

the Cal Jug

is finiflied,

the Sat

Jug

will

com-

again, and that thus time will revolve in eternal fucceflion.

Jug

have been a period of fourteen millions and four

to

is faid

hundred thoufand

years,

and

it is

which there was nothing but

reprefented as the age of felicity, in

truth,

hundred thoufand

which,

is

were three fourths

pofition of

to

one

and that the age

truth, and one fourth falfehood,

The Duapur Jug

to t:n thoufiind years.

man were

years, in

truth, and

The

ing to one thoufand years.

years, in

man extended

that in the compofition of mankind, there

two thoufand

contain f^venty

of

contain one million and eighty thoufand;

faid to

it is faid,

f man extended

life

peace,

years.

Treta Jug

years, in

happinefs,

religion,

plenty, and independence; and that the

The

Thc-

two

which two

is

faid to-

parts of the

com-

parts falfehood, his age extend-

Cal Jug contains thirty

fix

thoufand

which period three fourths of the compofition of man con-

fided of falfliood,. and only one fourth of truth, his age being

one

hundred years.

It is

Btimha
''^^^

worid,^

ments

the Opinion of the Hindoos, that

Fire,

are

made.

of being endued with perfect wifdom,

commanded him

to

make

the world.

min, the Kittri, the

to

dired

man

fefi^orsof the earth;

and fervants

which

Bife,

Celeflial

into four tribes

and the Sudur.

in the

created five ele-

Ele-

He afterwards created a kind

whom he called Brimha, and
When Brimha had created,

mankind out of nothing, he divided them

priefts,

firft

Water, Air, Earth, and Akafi), or

ment of which the heavens

sndmankind.

God

ways of God

The

firft

tribe

the Brah-

were

to

be

the fecond rulers and pof-

the third labourers; and the fourth tradefmen

divifion

is

ftridly maintained to this day.

Brimha,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Bi imha, fay they, wrote a

book which he

order of God, in which he affirms, that

God, and

that

called the Beda,

by the

things were originally

all

things fhall be refolved into

all

him

again

Author of ihe
*

nn

to

that hap-

pinefs confifts in virtue, and that vice will be punifhed with mifery.

To

regulate the ceremonies of religion, and to inftrudt

govern the world, he has

upon the

in the

tain concerning
ever, or, as

puted

The Hindoos

them.

fome

as the

fay

Brimha

for cerlives for

which each day

in

We

four hundred revolutions of the Jugs.

at

much more

affirm, that

one hundred years,

fay,

Bedas are covered with a

we cannot

of darknefs by the Brahmins,

veil

to

Beda given a canon of laws, founded

But

principles of juftice.

men how

is

com-

here give a

fliall

ipecimeji of the early hidory of the Hindoos.

It is

recorded in the Mahabarit, that about the middle of the third Specimen

period, there

and his

in peace

Kour,

Raja of the tribe of

whofe name was

tinapoor,
flan,

was

iffue after

him

and

father of the tribe

ninth in fucceffion, whofe

are

hiftj'ry^orti.c

ftill

name was

name, which

He

about 70 crores from Delhi.

is

who

the city of Hif-

kingdom of Hindo-

ruled the

are told, founded the city of that

called Tannaflar,

in

in lineal defcent for eight generations,

The

and tranquillity.

we

He

Birt.

Kittiri,

cf

is

now

was the

called Kours.

In the thirteenth generation from Kour, Chitterbourge reigned, Dimmniter

He

and was efteemed a great prince.

Ditarafliter,

But when

and the other Find.

became

blind,

younger

fon,

had two

and therefore his father

who had five children

fons,

Ditaraffiter

left

Judiffiter,

the

one named

grew up,

kingdom

of women, among

his

firil

But

his

had fons one hundred and one, by a variety

whom

of his children by the

hef^g^^fone
his

Brimfein, and Arjun,

by one wife, and Nucul and Sedive, by another woman.

elder brother Ditarafliter

to

firfl

one was named Jirjodin, being the eldeft

wife, and another

born by a fecond fpoufe.

In

ffiort,
-

was

called Jutufli, being

when Find

Hsbfother"^'

died, the in-

heritance

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

by

hcritance dcfcended

lb that Jirjodin

a(hter,

became king.

But the children of Find regarded Jirjodin as an enemy, and waited an

i-nirit^n
r

DifiWenccs
bcts^een their
children.

right to the heh's of his elder brother Ditar-

Opportunity to Qivelt

him 01

his authority. Ditaraihter, fearing dillur-

bances, advifed his fon to build a palace without the city for the fons

of Pind,

which

in

mean time

woman

fill

fome time they confented

up

feveral vaults

to fet fire to

them,

In the

to refide.

had privately ordered the workmen

Jirjodin

this palace to

old

for

who

built

with combuflibles, and hired an

at a

proper opportunity.

But the plot

being difcovered accidentally by the fons of Pind, they themfelves

fet fire to

the mine, and burnt the old

woman and

her

five fons in

the flames, while they privately withdrew into the wildernefs, where

they remained for fome time, the king imagining they had been
defl:royed in the fire.

The

The

Tons cf

themfeiv^s at

pula,

fons of

Pind ventured

at

length into a certain city called

whcrc they wedded Diropti, the

Cu.Tipula.

Raja's daughter, with

jj^^y lived

by turns, for the fpace of feventeen days.

however,

it

as

Cum-

whom

In a fhort time,

was noifed abroad, that the fons of Pind were not dead,

was fuppofed, which reaching the

ears

of the king, he ordered

enquiry to be made, and found that truth was in the report. Anxious
to have
Are

invited to

inviting

them again
them

in his

power, he wrote to them affedlionate

to Hiftinapoor, to fliare

They were

their forefathers.

at

with him the inheritance of

length prevailed upon by his fair

promifes, returned to court, and were treated in every refpedl

ing their dignity.

letters,

becom-

A part of the kingdom was alloted for their main-

tenance, for upon their arrival they

became

fo

much

beloved by the

people and nobility, that the king was afraid to lay violent hands

upon them.

Their popularity daily increafing, and their party being

flrengthened by
infiftcc

on

many

a divifion

of the principal nobility, they at length openly

of the empire in their favour, which the king

being in no condition to refufe, complied with without hefitation.

Some

THE PIISTORY^OF HINDOSTAN,

Some time

period *, the manner of which

prodigious

fire,

and grain. At

gave the

after thefe tranfa<flions Judifliter

and threw into

this feaft

fliould be. prefent.

it

is

it

faid

be this

to

feaft

They

of the The

in order

all

fead of

lighted a

every kind of fpice, perfume,

was neceflary that

Judilliter,

fruit,

the Rajas of the earth

to invite the Rajas, fent his

four brothers to the four quarters of the world, that by the favour

of God his defign in a fhort time might be accomplifhed.

thers, according to his defire,

be prefent

at this

grand

fcheme

Jirjodin,

feftival.

of Judifhter, burnt with envy

at

was the cuftom

his

to

on obferving the greatnefs

and contrived

fortune,

this

kingdoms and wealth.

to deprive his rival of his

made

ing

from Arab, from Agim, from Tur-

from Habyfli, and other countries, brought thofe princes

kiftan,

It

His bro-

and Jirjodin, hav- Thef

in thofe days to play at dice,

a falfe fet, challenged Judifliter

play,

to

which being

ns

of

forlv^eivlf^'^^

accepted by him, he in a fhort time, in the prefence of the princes,

loft all his

wealth and kingdoms.

would give him one more chance

he again fhould

lofe,

he muft

Jirjodin told

retire,

with

his brothers, for the

during that interval he

if

he was

to be feen in his former dominions,

ment twelve

all

to

remain in banifh-

Judifhter, hoping that fortune

years more.

always be unkind, confented to thefe terms, but having

he was conftrained by the

his

kingdoms

to Jirjodin,

from Inderput,

Twelve

then, that he

whole, but that if

to recover the

Ipace of twelve years into baniOiment, and

was

him

princes,

and

who were

retire into

his capital city,

would not

loft as before,

umpires, to relinquiOi

baniOiment with his brethren

now known by

the

name of Delhi.

years they lay concealed in the wildernefs, in fuch a

ner that the tread of their feet was not heard

man-

and when the time of Jen^ndJheir

their exile expired, they difpatched Kifhen, the foil of Bafdeo, to de^

mand

the reftoration

of their kingdoms.

Jirjodin, notwithftanding

* Jug-Rajafou, fomewhat fimilar to the fecular games

senJ an nm-

among

the

Romans.

of

kingdom.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

6
of his

proftiife,

made

ajefl:

of the embafTy, and turned the ambafl'a-

The

dor with fcorn from his prefence.

fons of Pind finding that

they could do notliing without force, began to

whom
field

many

they had

battle.

fliort

time they appeared in

of

the

of Kirket, near the city of TanafTar, at the head of a mighty

army,

in the

army,

after

beginning of the Cal Jug.

cuftom of

Jirjodin advancing with his

having drawn up his troops in array, encouraged the

The

ranks of the valiant.

and in a

colle(5l their friends,

began to work

battle,

on both

foldiers

for death

fides,

according to the

the contsft was renew'd,

with dubious advantages, for the fpace of eighteen days,

at

till

length, Jirjodin, with moft of his friends, as the reward of his per*
fidy,

drank the cup of

The Hindoos

Incredible

fate in the field

of war.

that in this war, Jirjodin

fay,

commanded

eleven

number of
bothaimie;.

coIiin,

and the fons of Pind feven

a cohin, according to their fabu-

lous accounts, confided of twenty-one thoufand eight hundred and

number of chariots,

feventy elephants of war, an equal

fix

thoufand

hundred and ten horfemen, and one hundred and nine thoufand

three hundred and

Of

fifty foot.

men

fay that only twelve

the Hindoos.

Raja Kuns,

who

They

ruled in

one day take away his

life;

to put Kifhen to death

retired to a place called

years.

incredible number, they

furvived on both fides, four on the part of

the ambafi"ador Kiflien Bafdeo,

among

all this

and eight on the part of Judifliter; among the

Jirjodin,

of

fix

He

men

fay,

who

is

was

efteem'd a great prophet

that the afirologers gave advice to

the city of Muttra, that Kifhen fhould

upon which he fought every opportunity

but Kifhen,

knowing

the defigns of his foe,

Nind, where he lived with a fhepherd eleven

ventured at length into the world, and colleding a body

together,

who were

diffatisfied

with the government of

Kuns, he made war upon him and put him

Ogurfein, the father of Kuns, in the kingdom
afterwards

latter

thirty-two years,

at

to death,
j

fetting

and he himfelf lived

the head of the adminlflration at

Raja Jeradfing, from the country of Barounia, came

Muttra.

up

at

length

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

length with a great army, towards Muttra, to turn Kifhen from his

At the fame time came from the

place.

him on the other

attacked

two

Sea, and

was there

fome

he died

fay

which

on the

is

coart:

of the Salt

where

befieg'd for the fpace of eighteen years,

but the fuperftitious aver that he

therefore they pay

They

Kifhen, not able to oppofe thefe

fide.

Rajas, fled towards Duarka,

Rija Callioon, and

eaft,

him

and

is ftill alive,

divine honors.

relate that after the

Mahabarit, which

fignifies

the great

war, Judifhter having overcome Jirjodin, ruled the whole empire of

when

Hindoftan for thirty-fix years,

and

pomp

being difgulted with the vanity

of the world, he retired into a mountain, dividing his

wealth and empire

among

his friends,

and lived the

and poverty the remainder of his days.

Judifiiter is

of religion

reign of Jirjodin and.

one hundred and twenty-five years.

Such,

Hindoos concerning an age too dark and

diftant.

faid to be

are the tales of the

The

life

to be dillin(5lly known..

E C T

Of the

AS

O N

n.

Origin of the Hindoos

-f:

the beft and moft authentic hiftorians agree that

Adam was

the father of mankind, who.'e creation they place about five

thoufand years before the Higerah, the fenfible part of mankind,

who

love the plainnefs of truth better than the extravagance of fable,

f Though our author

begins his accounts of Hindonan with the flood, yet like the

annals of oiher nations, there

for

fome ages

of the

is

little

after that fuppofed period.

Mahommedans

in the Shanfcrita

ments among the Hindoos thcmfelves.

gins to

beam

to be

depended upon

hi.'tory

we have

thehiiloryof that country,,

This muft rather be afcribed

to the ignorance

language, than to a real want of ancient

In the

firfV

monu-

centuries of the Higerah, truth be-

forth with luflre in his accounts of India,

minutenefs than any

in

and that with more precifion andi

qF any European aatioO;

in fo early a period.

have-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

have rcjedled the marvellous traditions of the Hindoos, concerning
the tranfadiions of a hundred thoufand years, and are of opinion that
they, like other nations, are the defcendants of the fons of

who

The Hindoos

peopled the world.

however,

as this

event

other nations, there

is little

room

the flood

therefore, proceed to trace the

is

to

Noo,

know nothing of

pretend to

fupported by the teftimony of

doubt of

its

we

truth, and

Hindoos from that great

all

fliall,

according

asra,

to the beft authorities.

The

We

fens of

Noo had

are told that

Sham, the

had nine

eldeft,

three fons,

fons,

Arfhud, Arphafliud, Bood, Khe,

Simood, Aram, Kibt, Aad and Keitan.

Abraham and
were

Shamuc

fix,

All the tribes of Arabs,

the prophets, were of the race of Arphafhud, and his

fecond fon Keiomours,

fons

Sham, Eaphs and Ham.

Shamuc,

inherited the

is faid

to be the firft

king of

Pharis, Iraac, Billou^

kingdom

after the death

Agim

*,

and his

Shaam and Mogaan.

of his father, whereas

the other fons difperfing themfelves, laid the foundation of monarchies,

which

pafs'd

by

their

names.

Eaphs, according to the defire of his father, turned his face to

Eaphs or
Japhct.

the north- eafl, where he had

many

fons

of his firft-born was Turc, from whence

and daughters.
all

The name

the tribes of the Turks,

Moguls, Ufbecks, Chigettas, Turkumanians and Rumians

the fecond fon was Chin,

name of

mighty monarchy of China

is

faid to

who

-f-.

laid the foundation

The

of the

and the third, whofe name was Rus,

be the father of thofe nations,

who extend

ward, even into the regions of darknefs,

themfelves north-

in the countries

of Mufc,

Ghiz and Eucolaat.

* Media.

The Europeaa Turks

fefling the

empire of the

are called

Romans

Rumlans, by the

eaftern nations, from their pof-

in the lelTer Afia.

Ham,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

"am,
the order of his iUuftrious father, turned his face to the

the
progenitor or

Ham, by
'

fouth.

He

had many children

alfo

the

name of

the

firfl:

was Hind,

the Hindcos.

the fecond Sind, the third Habyfh:}:, the fourth Zinge, the fifth

Nobah

Barber, and the fixth

guiflied

from

thefe, all the

by their names, took their

diflin-

Hind, turning eaftward,

rife.

pofielTed himfelf of the paradifial regions

laid the foundation of his

kingdoms,

of Hindodan, where he

His brother Sind, turning

monarchy.

the fouth-caft, pofTeffed himfelf of the fertile plains of the river

to
\\,

and founding the city of Tatta, ruled the kingdom of Moultan.

Hind had

four

fons,

one of

whom

was named Purib, another The fons

Bang, a third Decan, and a fourth Nerwaal.

the countries,

known

fon of Hind,

was born three

fons,

three great tribes in the Decan,

alfo three fons,

names defcended
But Purib, the
fliort

who

firfl;-born

Decan, the

among whom he

divided his

and from them fprung thefe

Cambage and Malrage, whofe

Bang alfo
over which they ruled.

Beroge,

lived to inherit the

but

among

whofe name was Krifhen, exalted himfelf above

The

Vol.

to the

kingdom of Bengal.

of Hind, had forty-two fons,

time multiply'd exceedingly

X Habyfti, according

inhabited

Marhattas, Conherias and Telingas.

to the countries

had many children,

firfl:

To

day by their names.

to this

kingdom, Marhat, Conher and Tiling

Nerwaal had

They

Mahommedans, was

thefe,

who

in a

one of them

his brethren.

the progenitor of the Abyfliniaos.

'

Indus.

I.

SECTION

of

THE HISTORY OF PIINDOSTAN.

IC

SECTION
Of

IIL

Reign of Krifhen, the Founder of the Dynafty of

tlie

the Marages.
Kiiihcn
doilan..

firft

ET

"T
-8

man
a

mufnud of empire,

the

Krilhen

not be concealed that the

it

whom

prompted by

firft,

He

In the reign of Kriftien,

elephants.

was,

it

is

fufficiently ftrong for his-

found out the

neceflity,

it

was

the Hindoos worfln'p, but

of wifdom, policy, and courage.

man, that finding no horfe

placed his foot on

the region of Hindoftan,

in

but not that KriHien

who

fiifl:

fo fat

weight, he

of catching and taming

art

alfo faid,

is

faid,

a..

that there livedo

name was Brahma, wife

vizier.
This Brahma is faid

a certain perfon of the race of Bang, whofe

and learned,

whom

to be the father of

and

many

He was alfo

iron.

came the

Krifhen made his

of writing and of working in wood:

arts,

the founder of the city of Oud, which be-

capital of Krifhen

and

having, during his reign,

left

have been the

faid to

When

imperial city of Hindoftan.

of four hundred years *, he

is

Kriflien

had

firft

regular

lived to the age:

the world to his firft-born Marage/,

peopled near two thoufand towns and;

villages.

That

is

to fay, Krifhen,

and fuch of

dred years over Hindoftan.

It

fpeaking, begin his hiftory

till

is

his race as

to be obferved

bore his name, reigned four hun-

that our author does not, properly

the empire of Ghizni

was founded by Subuetagi

profefled defiga being to record the tranfaflions of the

What
hiftory

Mahomrnedans

therefore the tranflator has diftingui{hed under the

is

no more than

a difTertation

title

of the

in

firft

his

Hindoftan.
part of this

prefixed to the original, in which the domeftic.

accouQts of the Hindoos, concerning^ their ancient Kings, are briefly recapitulated.

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK.

SECTION
Of

IV.

the fon of Kriflien, and of the

Reign of Marage

the

11

Dynafties of the Marages and Kefhrorages.

WHEN

Marage, by the confent of his brothers and of the peo-

had afcended the throne,

pic,

in the art

['/.'["^^'^^^^

of government he

foon rivall'd the fame of his father, devoting his time to the juft adminiftration of his

As the children of Brahma

affairs.

he continued the moft expert of them

in the arts of their father,

and appointed the

his vizier,
priefts,

whence fome

v/ere fkill'd

derive the origin of the Brahmins,

day exercife thofe funftions

in Hindoftan.

who

while

fedt

fociety.

It

was

fuch arts as were neceffary for the

ena<fled, that thisdivifion

of Marage into four grand departments

Kittri, Bife

for their reception

from

all parts,

of Hindoos,

He

and founded the city of Bahar

appropriating the revenues of certain lands for

Of

for the worfhip of the true God.

the manner of his death,

faid to

fe<5ts

edifices

and temples

the length of his reign, and

we have no

particular accounts

inform'd of the lives and adtions of his fucceffors,

neither

who

are

have ruled over Hindoftan, under the name and honours of

* Marage,

fignifies the

four

and Sudur,

their maintenance, and building feveral noble

we

and JeaTi^to

wife and the excellent Marage was a lover of learning.

invited philofophers

are

of the fubjedls Marage di-

fliould fubfift for ever:

thus was laid the foundation of the four great

The

the

were commanded to cultivate the ground, and a

fourth to employ themfelves in

Brahma,

whom

of the Hindoos are fuppofed to derive their origin

a third clafs

purpofesof

to this

Others of the nobility

were appointed hereditary governors of provinces, from

fecond great

and

his aftrologers, phylicians

reft

as

great king.

their

Is

a lover of

T''lTl?'^i

STORY OF HINDOSTAN.

their father, daring the fpace of feven

the country

and

the

in

is

hundred years,

to have greatly encreas'd in

faid

number of

its

people.

in

which time

riches, cultivation,

friendly correfpondence

kept up between the imperial crowns of Hindoflan and Iran

He

the prefence of Feredoon, king of Iran.

the king,
The

Pcrfians,

till

length one of the princes of the blood of Hind, went in difguft to

at

for the

-f,

was

who

complaints before

laid his

ordered Kirfhib, the fon of Attrid, with a numerous

When

army, to recover his rights.

Kirfhib reach'd the kingdom of

fiill

time, invade

Hindoftan, a war was commenced, which continued, with various

fuccefs, for the fpace

ingly,

till

Marage was compell'd

to the fugitive prince, of

that he

was nephew

It is faid,

that

country fuffered exceed-

up

to give

a part

fome time

Marage thus procured

emperor.

to the then

hand of Kirfhib,

to the king of Iran.

the governor of Shingeldiep

after,

Ce3lon.

"Carnatic, trufting in his ftrength,

blew up the flames of

which was the occafion of a long and bloody war

which the

eldeft fon

of his dominions

whofe name we have no information, only

peace, and fent prefents by the

Rebellion in

The

of ten years.

of the king

loft his life,

fight

by Showra, ruler of the Decan,

army

to the king.

who

Marage, on hearing

and

rebellion',

the Decan, in

being deferted in the

fled

this

in

||

with his difcomfited

news, writhed himfelf

like a fnake with anger, and bit the finger of forrow,

becaufe, before

that time, none of the rulers of the iflands of Atchin, or the coafl:s

of Pegu or Malabar, had dared to difpute his commands.

Second invafion of the

iPerfians.

jj-jg

for

f^me time, threaten'd with an invafion from Iran;

Minuchere had advanced

as

far as

Moultan,

with a mighty

army, intending to make an entire conqueil of Hindoftan.

fent Baal

Chund,

his general, againft

would be more advantageous

him, who, finding that peace

at that jundlure,

foreign enemy, prevailed on Minuchere,

Perfia.

Marage

than war with this

by large prefents,
11

to return to

Ceyloo.

Iran.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

When

Iran.

Baal

Chund had accomplifhed

13

he was

this pacification,

ordered by the king, to march to the Carnatic, where he fubdued

Ceylon redu-

the governor of Shingeldiep, and again eftabhfhed the authority of

Some

his mafter.

authors relate, that Baal

Chund was

obliged to

cede the whole territory of Punjaab to Minuchere, the general of

Feredoon

woald return

*, before he

to Iran

But. others affirm, that

the territory of Punjaab, during the reign of Feredoon, was in the

king of

pofleflion of the

When

Baal

Chund
caftles

-f.

returned from the war, Marage, in reward of

his bravery, appointed

have built the

Agim

him

This general

ruler of Malava.

of Gualier and Biana, and to have

faid to

is

firft

intro-

duced mufic into Hindoftan, from the Tilingas of the Decan, among

whom

it

The

was invented.

dynarty of the pofterity of

after the death

of Krifhen,

This *prince was

brothers,
tries

whom

Marage

lafted feven

when Kefhrorage

hundred years

afcended the throne.

and had fourteen

of the race of the Marages,

on his acceffion he difpatch'd into different coun-

alfo

Before Cluift

Dj^fanyofthe
^'^'^'"ge
commences.

while he himfelf taking the way of Calpic, went into the

I>ecan, by the city of Gunduar, and dire(fting his

march towards

Shingeldiep, reduced that country into obedience, and regulated

government.

Soon

after,

the Zemindars of the

iJur

c J

coniederacy, exalted the Ipear or enmity,

flrength,

the king.

till

at laft

Decan joining

jji.;
and
day by day

its

in

.1
gained

they ventured to advance their ftandards againft

Kefhrorage, feeing the inequality of his force, began to

treat about a peace,

which he obtained, and began

* Feredoon and Minuchere feem

to have

been names

his retreat.

commoa

to

all

the Kings of

Perfia in thofe ages.

t Media.

In

Rebellion ia
the Detan.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

14

^^^^ prcfents to

^'^^
Kcih1o!a^o?

to

demand

town of

a great force, to his aid.

confederate armies

met him

Keflirorage

and received him with

Jillender,

Irat>,

Minucherc ordered Sham, the fon of Nire-

affiftance.

man, with

Minuchcre, King of

feafls

the

at

The

and with joy.

turned their ftandards towards the Decan, and

the chiefs of the rebels began to be greatly affeded with the terror
The Dccan
reduced.

The

of the trooDS of Iran.

r

i-

regions of the

When

hands of the King.

Keflirorage returned with his

Sham

thence, accompanying
^

prefents

to

his prince

Decan

fell

again into the

the country was fettled in tranquillity^

army

to his capital

as far as

Minuchere.

of Oud, and from

Punjaab, difmifs'd

him with

Keflirorage returning

home,

Ipread the umbrella of juflice over the head of his people, and gave
odrio,!!

His fuccelTors of the fame name

(them happinefs, plenty and peace.

-ruled

Hindoftan two hundred and twenty years, of

nothing remarkable,

till

Of

Firofe

Ra

E C T

whom we

hear

afcended the throne of empire.

O N

the Reign of Firofe Ra,

V.

and the Diflblution of the

Dynafty of the Kefhrorage.

Before Chrift

ViTok Ra a
weak prince,

"[?

R O S E R A,
Shafliter,

being verfed in the Indian fciences of the

took great delight in the fociety of learned men, and

He

entirely neglected the art of war.

rities to

in

cha-

Fakeers, and in building temples for the worfliip of God.

He made
large

expended his revenues

two journeys

endowments, and

bad adlions of his

of Nireman,
King of

to the city

built the

life is related,

who was

of Bahar, to which he granted

town of Moneer.

that

great

Among

the

on the death of Sham, the foa

general

under

Minuchere*,

Perfia.

Afrafiab

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Afrafiab * having invM^ia the kirigdom of Iran, Firofe

Ra

ungrate-

fame oppartunity to wreft the countries of Punjaab

fully feiz'd the

and Jallender from that

Some

in

recovering the kingdoms of the

ancient authors relate, that

till

the reign of Keikubad,

the territories of Punjaab were annexed to thofe of Hindoftan

when

p^'^j"g'jP^

-f

prince, notwithftanding the generous affift-

ance of Perfia to his father,

Decan.

15

the hero of the world,

Ruftum

Diflia J,

But

gave grace to the throne-

of empire, he turned to the conquefl: of Punjaab

and Firofe

Ra

unable to oppofe his progrefs, withdrew his army to the mountains

of Turhat.

Ruftum had conquer'd

After

jaab, he advanced towards

from thence

fled

to the

Turhat

Sind,

Moultan and Pun-

and Firofe Ra, in great

faid to

have reign'd one hundred and thirty-feven

riod

muft be underftood,

that

name and

to include all

the

years,

the Kings

who

but

nor

He

is

D/nafty of the.

this pe- ends,

ruled under

title.

SECTION
f

terror,

mountains of Jarcund and Gundwarah

did he ever after fee happinefs, but gave up his foul to death.

^''^

Reign of Soorage;

VI.

l<,rfj'ia

and the Dynafly of that

Name.

H E N the news of the death of Firof^ Ra reach'd the ears of

Before Chitfi

Ruftum, that hero,,on account of his charader and ingratitude

soorage

Minuchere, waa not defirous that

to

honours

he therefore placed

King of Turan or Great Tartary.

his

a chief

fon fhould fucceed to his

of the Hindoos, whofe

He was one

name

of the greateft conquerors of th

Eaft.

f The countries lying near the

five

heads of the Fndus.

t Ruftum Difta was King of Seiftan, and for

his great exploits

he was reckoned the

Hercules of the Eaft.

was

throne.

af-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

i6

was Soorage, upon the throne, and he

^rircc'."'^"^

liimfelf returned to

Iran,

Sooraje became a powerful prince, and from the fca of Bengal, to

that of Malabar, placed his viceroys and governors, and turned his

mind

to eredl magnificent edifices,

and to improve agriculture.

In the reign of Soorage, a Brahmin from the mountains of Jarcund

appear'd,

who was

Ikill'd in

the arts of enchantment, and who, in-

finuating himfclf into the favour of the King^,

practices of idolatry.

of

his father,

or

idols intro-

duced.

to worfliip the true

;

till

in the time of

fymbol the element of

fire

ftars,

But the Brahmin,

and

in the

havin^j introduced the worfhip of Idols, in a mandavs of Sooraee,

fa '
r
^
&
ner obliterated all traces of the old religion ; for then, every great

family molded their

filver

and fetting them up

as

and gold into images of their fore fathers,

objeds of worfliip,

among

their vaffals, there

Gods without number^

Soorage built the city of Kinnoge, which he adorn'd with the

temples of his Gods, and was intent upon the practice of idolatry.
city,

being pleafantly fituated on the banks of the Ganges, he

conftituted his capital

Kinnoge was,

S.e SooJages!

Marage, a perfon came from

and introduced the worfliip of the fun, moon and

example

the

that his defcendants fol-

Iran,

This

Durationof

God, and

in

in imitation

his

arofe in the land,

Sooragebu ilds
Kianoge.

Hind continued,

lowed

their proper
ThewoiHiip

that

It is fald,

intruded him

The

and

it is

faid that the extent

to the

of the walls of

at that time, fifty crores.

dynafiy of the Soorages lafled

years, during
.bute,

which time, they

Kings of

two hundred and

fent annual prefents,

eighty-fix

by way of

tti-

Iran.

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
Of

OF

the race of the Surage

VII.

Barage.

we

who was

reign of Barage,

17

hear nothing particular

the laft of that family.

till

the

Before Ciirift

When Bafage

Barage mounted the throne of Hindoftan, he enlarged the city of 1^^^"''^*

Barage, and dignified
to the north-weft

He

mountains.

of

it

with his

Oud

is faid

own name.

This

gun

he

is

fituated

about forty crores, by the foot of the

to have wrote

fome books on the fcience of

mufic, which were in great repute in antient times.

told, that

city

finifhed the city

We

are alfo

of Banaris, which his father had be-

to build towards the latter

end of his reign

But his

difpofition

being fomewhat tinduf ed with madnefs, he overturned the laws of is

Marage,

which were founded on wifdom, and

arofe in Hindoftan.

Keidar,

great difturbances

a Brahmin, from the mountains ofDepofec',

Sewali, having colleded a great army, invaded him, and having in

the end, entirely defeated the King, wielded the fcepter of govern-

ment

in his

own

hand.

The

tyrannical,

reign of Barage

is

faid to

have beeii

thirty-lix years.

SECTION

the history of hindostan.

j8
rrarlv

K3ii.

UiJ i>3'^<./ijiyb juii tavi ijnr.

SECTION
of
Before Chrift

TT 7

his

'

kJa.-, a

^'^

Keidar the Brahmin had cfafpt the bride of royalty

being a

*,

man

itj

of learning and genius, he becamB

carrying the trappings of Kei Caous and I^el

ceeirto

^ S""^^^

throne.

Chufero

-f

to fend

them annual

OQ

vni.

Reign of Keidar the Brahmin.

the

arms

^"""g

^aifi3\(;

'

his (houlders,
gifts.

he was conftrained, by way of

This prince

laid

tn'tute^

the foundation of the

cadle of Killinger, upon a high rock, about thirty crores fouth from

Allahabad, and lived to fee

it

In the latter end

compleatly finifhed.

of his reign, one Shinkol, a native of Kinnoge, having ftrengthened

bimfelf, took pofTeffion of

governor

Bang

and Behar, where he had been

and leading a great army againft Keidar, after many battles

Defeated and

had beca fought With various

shiukoi!'^

length prevailed.

The

the fortune of Shinkol^^J

fuccefs,

reign of Keidar

was nineteen

years.

'

SECTION
e^tHe Reign

of Shinkol and of

his

IX.

Son and

Rhoat.
^,
f
Before Chnit
T,

7ji.
Shinkol

mounts the

T\ "1
T HEN
/\ /
City
built

r/^
u
by the narne or Ooura, ne

and beautified, with many noble ftrudtures

A metaphorical expreflion

Bang

for

The

That

re-

city is faid

the fpace of two thoufand

iiiuT biowari

for the empire.

t Kei Cnousand Kei-Chufe^^ were Kings of PerHa.

J

The

in the military art, and affedted great magnificence.

to have been the capital of

*

'''S''''

Shinkol had afcended the throne, he exerted himfelf

/-it
'i-i-r
of Lucknouti, which IS famous

throne.

SuccelTbi^

'

Vy

'

nw.qooil

-uarfi

lb

proviQce or Bengal.
.

years.

THE

HI.STOI^y.^Q.F iJfll^^pOSTAN,

and was not deftroyed

years,

Tanda became

till

after the conqueft

19

of Timur, when

the feat of government in thofe parts.

Shinkol kept up a force of four thoufand elephants of war, a hun-

When,

dred thoufand horfe, and four hundred thoufand foot.

King of

fore, Afrafiab *,

fiding in his

own

demanded

Iran,

his tribute, Shinkol, conr

but turned away the Perfian ambaffador with difgrace.

being encaged

at this

treatment, one of his generals,

was commanded

Peiran,

to

march

When

fand chofen troops.

there-

make any acknowledgn^ent,

ftrength, refufed to

His great

Afrafiab

y^^^'^

'mAsH

f efu'estopay
Perfia.

whofe name was

againft Shinkol with fifty thou-

intelligence of this invafion-jcame

to

Shinkol, he exalted the fpear of defiance, and raifing a grea|;^arrny,

Ciarched forth to meet him.

ij3i.jar^iijni

"The two armies came

which

The

iVi.il

in fight

begun, and

lafled

it

out vidtory declaring on either

their

former fame, had by

upon the

field

yet,

harveft feemed not

this

^'d^^^'

of each other near the

on the

are in the country of Koracut,

battle loon

fide.

hills

frontiers

two days and two

The Turks

time laid

fifty

of Koge,

of Bengala.

nights, with-

doing jufi:ice to

-f-,

thoufand of the Hindoos

on account of the number of the enemy, the

to decreafe before

them

In the

mean

time,

eighteen thoufand of the fmaller army being Ikin, a weaknefs appeared

diftindly on the face of their affairs.

they

made

fought

as

as

they were,

a third attempt, and finding themfelves overcome, they

they retreated to the mountains

of a Itrong poit, from which

From

However,, urged

this poft,

there they took pofTelfion

was impdlfible

it

drive

to

him an account of

* Afrafiab was a common

t
all

The word Turk

call

title

fignifies

their troops went by that

whom we

they continued with fmall parties, to harrafs the

neighbouring country, and in the mean time,' difpatched

Afrafiab, giving

them

theifi fituatio.n.

letters to

of the Kings of Perfia of tne Tartar race.

no more than

namej Turks

a foldierin the Perfjan

j.i^i^this

language, fp that

place muft be undeiftood of thofe

Tartars.

i>D 2

Afrafiab

Def-^ats the

THE HISTORY OF HIND,OSTAN.

20
'

Afraliab was at that time in the city of Gingdis, which

fitu-

is

otcd between Cliitta and Chin, and about a naonth's journey beyond

When

the city of Bahch.

he received intelhgence of the

Pciran, he hallened to his relief with a hundred

and came

time to fave

]ul\ in

fo clofely inverted

him with

him from

deftrudtion

numerous army,

fituation

of

thoufand horfe,

had

for Shinkol

that in a

few days more

he muft have perifhed with famine, or fubmitted himfelf to the

mercy of an enraged enemy.

kol

Afrafiab without delay aflaulted Shin*,

the terrified Hindoos, unable to ftand the combat, were dif-

perfed like flraw before the florm, leaving their wealth and equipage

When

behind.
Butisover-

come by Afrafi .b,

and
^"'"^

vaged^

Peiran was relieved from his diflrefs, Afrafiab pur-

them

f^ed the enemy, and 'put thoufands of

Shinkol

to the fword.

himfelf haftencd to Bang, and came to the city of Lucknouti, but

being clofely purfued by Afrafiab, he tarried there only one day,

and then

fled to

The Turks

the mountains of Turhat.

whole kingdom with

fire

ravaged the

and fword.

Afrafiab having received intelligence of Shinkol, he drreded his

march towards him. Shinkol immediately fent fome of the wife men of
hisTOurt to beg peace and forgivenefs for his errors, foliciting that he

might have the honour

to kifs the foot

of the lord of nations.

Afrafiab

Submits and

yielded to his intreaties, and Shinkol, with a fword and a coffin,

rerfii!.'"^

brought into his prefence.

Shinkol (hould

It

was agreed between the kings that

accompany Afrafiab

fhould have the empire refiored to

annual tribute.
returned to his

tum * he was

Effore Chriil

Shinkol

is

own dominions,

Turan,

him upon

him

till

and that his fon

condition of paying an

to attend Afrafiab,

in one of the battles

who

with Ruf-

by that hero's Avord.

have reigned fixty-four years.

faid to

khoatagood vvho fucceeded

to

Thus Shinkol continued

flain

was

in the throne,

was

His fon Rhoat,

a wife, religious

and affable

prince.

Ruftum feems

to be a

name coinaion

to

all

the kings of Sieflan.j

prince,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The

prince.

revenues of his empire, which extended from KIrmi to

Malava, he divided into three parts

one of which he expended in

another he fent to Afrafiab for his tribute, in which there

charities,

was

12%

a large furplus for the ufe

Tributary to

of his father ; and the other third was

appropriated to the neceffary expences of his government.

His ftand-

ing army upon this account was fmall, which induced the king of

Malava,

who was

rich and powerful, to

yoke of obedience, and

to feize

time that Raja Rhoat was- bufy

tas,

which

to the

them

flill

upon

-in

goes by his name.

King of the

lofs

his race

his

neck from the

the'caftle of Gualier, at th^

building the ftrong hold of

-

When

intelligence

Rho-

was brought

of Gualier, he aflembled an army and led

againfl the Raja of Malava, but

Rhoat and

withdraw

was forced

had reigned eighty-one

of their fathers, and having

left

to retreat.

years, they

no children

to

After

went the way

alTume the enfigns of The

royalty, there arofe great difturbances in the city of Kinnoge.

nobleman whofe name was Merage,

Cutchwa, afl'umed

we

are told

from the Rajaput

at laft the dignities of the empire.

family of

A comg

"^^^l^^^^

tribe of

This prince

was a native of Marwar.^

SECTION
Of

the

AFTER Merage had

Kcign of Merage,

firmly eflabliflied himfelf

he led an army towards Narval

dient Zemindars of that

X.

country.

*,

upon the throne,

and punifhed the difobe*

Having

built a port

on

Merage

foc-

t^hrone^ bt-

the^^g^^^"'^

(hores of the Salt Sea, he there conftruited Onps of wonderful inven- Enccuragea
tion to trade into foreign lands, and having fettled the country in

peace, returned to his capital,

where he

died, after a reign of forty

* Guzerat.

years.

Di;si

/>

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

22

He was cotemporary
whom he paid tribute.

years.

to

with Guftafp, Emperor of Turkiftan

SECTION
Of the Reign

T^EDERAGE

Before Chrift

fecond being

Conquers
Punjaab.

jjgragg

>

Butlofes

was nephew, by a

It

fifter,

to the former King,

Ruftum

fucceflbr.

an army that way, conquered

mountain

Wif ick,
time

XI.

Difta the

and the ruler of Punjaab being a weak n\an, Ke-

llain,

built the fort of

on, a

it

without

much

to

after

coUedling

Jimbu,

fituated

about forty crores from Lahore,

govern the country, he returned to his

two

all

tribes

of mountaineers,

the troops of Cabul

all

and

But fomc

.capital.

the Gickers

j|Cn4

Joppiea,

Kandal'iar, advtnced againft

thofe territories,

from which

people have kept pofTefiion of the mountains, and are

Af^ns.

name was

then leaving one of his kinfmen, whofe

Kederage, and recovered

tirpe thefe'

now

called

Kederage reigned forty three years,

t Hyftafpes, the

father of Darius Hyftafpes,

King of

Perfia.

It is

remarkable, that

Newtoa

the chronology of the Hindoos agrees almoft exactly with Sir Ifaac Newton.
fixes the
if

we

commencement of

the reign of Darius in the 521ft year before Chrift

fuppofe that Hyftafpes

made

a figure in

Turkeftan twenty

accelBou of his fon to the throne of Perfia, which

irti(*0

logy of Hindoftan agrees perfedlly with that which

lool
"

'diffi-

and remained feme time in Bhera, which,!is an ancient. city.

,^,{jculty,

He

Je^j

of Kederage.

nominated by him for his

Kederage.

'

8i;w

"

'

amen

'^vf'iHf

aiodv/

).....

JJS

-l^.iC:

'lirnfil

Newton has

the

eftabliflied.

'Onn

nvro

nooBf

fo that

five yeays jjefore

no ways improbable, the chrono-

vlnor-im-

ualbd^Ti .uiirf labnu

.Jit.

is

3iri

'

r uvk-

UJ3

ic ^ijrd b iuc
/iuo:) 3ff)

bskjr

octv.

4'

THE HISTORY OF IJINDOSTAN.

SECTION
Of

XII.

the Reign of Jeichund.

J EImerCHUN D was commander

power

of the armies of the for-

in chief

King, and having the

in his hands,

throne at the death of his fovereign.

public calamity in the

and

feflivity.

defolate,

Many towns

The King

upon

this occafion

in

Jeichund,

at

years, fo that the

became

cotemporary with Bemin

tribute.

He left one fon of tender

mother of the child took the

into her hands j but being too

weak

to guide the chariot

of empire,

SECTION
DELU was
who

a prince

uncommonly brave and generous, with

founded the

own

ruled the country of

father to the

city
^

but a Raja of his

* Foor was

xnr.

Reigns of Delu and the two Poors.

pofition benevolent towards

He

Delu ufurps
the throne.

the government.

of the

Dies,

reins of adminlftration'

Delu, the brother of Jeichund, feized that opportunity of ufurping

"'^

riot

He was

and Daraab, and fent them an annual

reign

'

the expiration of fixty years, with-

into the regions of eternity.

creator.

diffolute

and the whole kingdom of Hindoflan put on the afped of

ruin and diftrefs.

drew

villages

jeichund.

negleilif^J'

of Biana, fpent his time

city

and

he mounted the

In this reign a dreadful a

famine and peftilence devoured the land.

the

Before Chrift

men, and

a dif- Before

entirely devoted to his

of Delhi in the fortieth year of his

family,

'

whofe name was Poor

Cumaoon under him,

*,

and

t'^brave and
ge."e'"s
prince.

Poor or Po'^^^

rebelled,

famous Poruswho fought againft Alexander.

and having

Chriii

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

4?4

drew

fecurcd that country,

firfl

Thus

the En-iperor in Kinnoge.

Defeats

ml

a great

army together, and invaded

bloody war was commenced, in

which the Emperor was taken prifoner and

Poor led his army towards Bang, and conquered

of Rhotas.

fort

fent to be confined in the

the country as far as the ocean, and became a great and powerful

HU

(on ne-

fhe'?ributrto

TvInhVown
and fiainby
Alexander.
Before Chiift

princc

but his fon Poor confiding

in his ftrength, negledled to

cuftomary tribute to the King of Iran, which drew the

army of the
Yy^ould not

Sccunder

fubmit

rible battle

victorious,

Poor, notwithftanding,

his head.

but with an army numerous

at Sirhind,

5S'

* upon

great Secunder

pay the

as the locufts,

met

about eighty ciores from Delhi, where a ter-

was fought,

in

which he bravely

loft his life

with many

ihoufands of his fubjeds.

When

the great Secunder

the Decan, whofe

name was

came

to Hindoftan,

there was a Raja of

Bider, and founder of the caftle of that

name, who upon hearing of the vidory of Secunder and the death of
poor, fent his fon with great wealth to the conqueror to obtain peace,

which being granted, and a mutiny

arifing in his

army, Secunder

returned to Iran.
Sinfarchund.

After the death of Poor, and the return of Secunder, Sinfarchund

aflumed the imperial dignity, and in a fhort time regulated the empire;
Pays the Per- his
fian tribute.
^

which was then

in great confufion,

regular tribute to Kodirs and Nirfi,

.

but he negledled not to fend

who

at that

time held the

^ ^

Sultanit of .Iran.

After he and his family of the fame

Jonah,

years, a

Some

fay that

this is not well attefted.

good prince, the

reigned feventy

Raja whof name was Jonah, invaded the empire, and gained

the afcendancy.

name had

throne, he

became

Jonah was the nephew of Poor, but

However, when

his fortune raifed

an' excellent prince,

him

to

taking great pains in

peopling and cultivating the wafte parts of his dominions, and found* Alexander the Great.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

25

ipg a lafting nanjp of juflice and benevolence. Aridfliere *

was Emperor of

Iran,

and advanced with an army to the borders of

when Jonah,

^Hindoftan,

in fear of his arms, haftened to

fubmiffion, carrying with

j^mperor and bought

in tranquillity

a great

Chund

He

peace.

for

^-ninety years without

Callian

him

number of warUke

make

his

elephants, Submits

to

quantity of gold and jewels, which he prefented to the

|-,W4th a vafl:

{jfuled

time

at this

many

then returned to Kinnoge,

He

years.

and

and his pofierity reigned

doing any thing remarkable to the acceffion of

to the imperial throne.

SECTION
Of

Callian

CALLIAN CHUND

was

XIV.

Chund.
prince of

oppreffive and tyrannical to his fubjedls,

an

difpolltion, Before

evil

whofe blood he (hed

His cruelty occafioned many people of

"without mercy.

diftindtlon

chrift

J^Jji^^^
<^~'?"nti

a bad

prince.
,

to defert the country

,

which the
greatly

luftre

all

own

this period,

dofl:an to the

other kingdoms for protection, by

At length fadion began openly

troops,

we

he

find

fled

and died in obfcuri^y.

time of Bickermagit, the Raja of Malava,

We

(hall therefore

from the hiftory of the Kings of Kinnoge,

-'account of

who made
make

a fhort

to give

fome

him.

* Aridf^ere

is

the fame with- Arfaces, king ofParthia,

fecond Perfian empire,

about

two hundred aod

who

fifiy-fix

founded the Parthian or

years before the cbriftian

ara.

Vol.

I.

hpr

nothing certain in the hiftory of Hin-

confiderable figure in the world.

'digrefllon

to raife

the dependant Rajas to appear in arms, fo that .being

deferted by his

From

fly to

of the court and the beauty of the country were

diminiflied.

head, and

and

This

Depofed,

THE

26
Eidieimajit

HlS-foRY

This Bickermagit was of the

recorded in the

liirtories

and wifdom of

bis

H^liSTDOSTAN.

tribe of Tuar,

government.

youth, putting on the habit of

uxs.

many

artt

It

is

faid that this prince

his

in

Fakeer, travelled over the world for

years in acqiuring The arts, learning and pohcy oi loreign naIt

was not however

the age of

till

for his exploits in the field, to

fifty

which they

that he

liis great ac-

gooJ qua-

few months he

entirely

became famous

was impelled by

fay he

command which notion feemed indeed

uncommon fuccefs, which foon paved his way

divine

.>->o<:

and great things

of the Hindoos, concerning the policy, juftice

travels to fo-

tions.

Ol^'

to be juftified by histo the throne.

In a

fubdued the kingdoms of Narval and Malava,

ipreading the carpet of juftice, and throwing the fhadow of his pro-

The

tection over the heads of his fabjedts.

by

his juftice,

exert

telling us that the

power upon

its

iron,

poets of thofe days praife

magnet without

his leave durft

nor amber upon the chaff of the

not

field

and fuch was his temperance and Contempt of external grandeur, that

he flept upon a mat, and reduced the furniture-of his apartment to

earthen pot

Sets

up an

wh^re hc took up

Makaal*
fivps

^^"^

with water from the fpring.

filled

reign the city of

Jn his

Ugein was

built, as alfo the fort

He

his refidence.

and to have

Ugein,

in

is

faid to

colle(^led

have

The

Shipped only the infinite and invafible God.

is fifteen

* Great

The

Higerah one-

King

is

faid

to-

have been;

of*Iran*

old age, in a battle with the princes

up their ftandards againft him upon the

lifted

fignifies,

ihe

King of

the dilfolution of the

famous in the
+

time of his death,

tiie.

f Shawpoor
'fitne after

-j-

(lain in^his

who had

He

three, years.

lixty

cotemporary with Shawpoor

of the Decan,

idol

according to the account of the Hindoo writers,,

hundred and

Biekermagit t was

up the

he himfelf wor-

(in the year of the

before the writing of this hiftory

fifteen)

fet

of mar.

Brahmins,. Fakeers, and.

Jogies, to attend that worfbip for the vulgar,, while

thoufand and

arii

Roman

sera of

the

ftrft

c'lty^

empire.

title

It

of the Kings of Perfra, for fome

is

the fa.re

name with Sapor,

-fo

hifloi y.

Bickerma^ii

is

that which

is

mod

ccnamonly ufed by the Geniooi,

banks

THE
banks of the

HISTORV^^F^^|||^|^|^SJ^l|..
The Hindoo

river Nirbidda.

|7

have ftretghed

hiftorians

^.

the praife of this hero fo far beyond the bounds of reafon and proba*
bihty, that the love of truth obliges us

After the death of Bickermagit the kingdom

fome time,

till

Raja Boge

on

to be filent

this head.

into anarchy for An

fell

Raja Boge drew the reins of government into his hands.

alfo

was of the

of Tuar, and in policy,

trloe

...

rt

'^-n"o?u!^

juftice, A. D. ^40.
Raja Boge,

and government, followed the example of Bickermagit.

Intc*.

In the difa

-I

good

prince.

ciplme of his troops he was extremely adtive and viguant, often going
.

the rounds in difguife to fee that they were watchful on their ports.

had

a peculiar paffion for architedlure,

reftoring,

and ornamenting

Bijanagur, and Gircoon,

addidled to

were

cities

every year he

gratified in building,

dominions.

in his

He

built in his reign.

made

""^
^

which he

women, whom he colleQed

Twice

parts.

many

He

into his

was

Hindia,
alfo

much

Haram from

a grand feftivah to

all

which thou-

fands of muficians and fingers crowded for his entertainment.

This

continued for the fpace of forty days, in which nothing went

feftival

on but dancing, finging and debauchery.

The company, on

the

breaking up of the affembly, were prefenCed each with a drefs and

other prefents according to their rank.
reigned

In this luxurious manner he

fifty years.

To return

to the hiftory of

Kinno^e. After the expulfion of Callian

Chund, the kingdom of Kinnoge remained in anarchy to the days of

Bafdeo, who having mounted the throne, recovered Bahar and Ben- Bafdeo
gal,
rity

which had

revolted,

of his kingdom.

and begart

to reftore the

Byram Gore, King of

power and autho-

Iran, at that time,

came

re-

and Bengal!

The King

of

In difguife to Hindortan, in the character of a merchant, to inform fodiVJifeTo

himfelf of the power,

When

government and manners of that country.

he was entering the

elephant attacked him,

city

who

of Kinnoge,

ia the feafon

woods, killing and deftroying

'V

J,

related,

that a wild

of lufl had rufhed from the

who came

all

it is

in

his

way.

idflifi ft.nrro^I

Byram

?nt nr

^"1^^^^*

THE HISTORY OF FIINDOSTAN.

28

Core pierced the elephant's

foreliead with an arrow,

by which he-

acquired great fame and popularity. This circumftance having reached

the ears of the King, he was dcfirous of feeing the merchant, and'
Is nifcovered.

ordered
noble^

him

to be

brought into his prefence.

who had gO lie

tribute, dilcovercd

to

him

When

one of the-

t4ie

court of Iran fome years before with the-

to

Laliieo,

who

being perfedly aflurcd of-

the truth, dclc'cnded from his throne and embraced him.

Treated with

Byram Gorc being

BUjji.ii.cente.

treated

^^^^

remained

utmpft magnificence and refpeft while he-

the

at the court

of Kinnoge, where he married the daughter,

of Bafdeo, and returned

in

princes his pofterity, are

fa id

years.
Randco.

with

conftraincd to afliime his proper charadler, he-

The

a fliort

to

Bafdeo and

time to h'an.

have ruled the empire for

country being torn to pieces by a

between the defcendants of Bafdeo, Ramdeo,

civil

eighty^:

war, which

who had

the.-

arofc:

been general

of the forces, excluded the royal line from the throne, and by con--

of the nobility and troops, took the fupreme authority into

fent

own

hands.

SECTION
Of
A, D4,6.

"13
JL

his:

AM DEO

the Reign of

was of the

and generous.

The

Ramdeo

tribe

firft

XV.
Rhator.

of Rhator, a prince bold,

wlfcj;^.

thing he did on his accellion, was to

who affumed indepenThen he advanced with

exterminate by degrees the chiefs- and Rajas

dency, and raifed fadlions in the empire.
his

army towards Marvar, and recovered

of Cutchwa,

whom

he

difpoffefled,

that country

and peopled

Rhator, from which time they have polfefTed it*.

* Thcfe are the Mahrattas,

who

at prefeixt

make fuch

it

from the

tribe

with that of

The

tribe

of

a figure in India.

Cutchwa

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Cutchwa

was^ Cent to the precin(Sts of Rhotas

Ramdco

Rhator,

tranfadlions,

thefe

after

which they

29

Aill inhabit.

returned and

marched. His

towards Lucknouti, which he took and gave to his nephew,

weahh

great

into his

fell

putting

where he remained two

hands of his Vizier, ordered many

Having repaired the

to be built in that

province.

he appointed one of

his liinfmen governor,

ter

of the Raja of Bijanagur

Ramdeo, complied.
years,

and

years,

army towards Mala va, which he conquered, and

-his

in the

it

H?je

hands, and after an expedition of three

years he returned to Kinnoge,

then marched

He

in

and towns

fort

of Narvar,

and demanded the daugh-

who,

marriage,

cities

fearing the

power ef

remained in the city of Gundwara two.

where he llew many of the

rebellious Zemindars, then return-

ing to Kinnoge fpent feven years in feftivity and pleafure.

Ramdeo
reduced

whofe

all

afterwards went unto the mountains of Sawalic,

the Rajas of thofe parts

and

particularly the Raja of Comaoon,

anceflors, according to the fabulous hiftory of the Hindoos^,

had reigned there ten thoufand

ther a powerful army, with
great battles j

fo

that

for

This Raja had drawn toge-

years.

which he engaged Ramdeo

in feveral

fome time the war was doubtful.

At

length the fortune of P.amdeo prevailed, and the Raja of Coir aoon

was forced

to

abandon

his wealth,

and take refuge in the inacceffibls

mountains *. His wives and daughters

who

fell into

the hands of

Ramdeo,

having foftened him to compaffion, he reflored to the Raja his

and turned his face towards Nagracut,

country,

country

he reached Scutdimmindi.

till

refpedl to the temple of

Bowani

-f,

plundering the

There he halted out of

which was

built near the fort

INagracut, fending a.perfon to. call the Raja before him.

afraid for his

* The

life,

delayed for fome time

till

The

of

Raja

he had received proper

mountains of Comaoon lye about two hundred miles North from Delhi,

f Bowani

is

one of the names of the Goddtr^ f iikiftij concerning

whom

fee the

diflertation prefixed tp this hiftory.

airfanjces

great

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

alTurances of perfonal fiifety,

by

mediation of a Brahmin;

tlie

an^

then he waited on the King, and exhibited the cuftoms of obediencej

Ramdeo went

to pay his adoration to

the

demanded the

rich offerings, then retiring,

Jummu

whom

he made

dai;ghter of the Raja in

marriage for his fon, and marched to the fort of

of

to

idcl,

The Raja
with money and

Jummu.

being ftrong in troops and well fupplied

provifions, confiding in the flrength of his fort and the inacceflible-

nefs of the roads leading towards

it,

King, and refufed to bend to his commands,

But

for war.

though

in the firft

fingly brave,

who

the King,

him within

the place, and florming

The
hut

encounter in the

it

in a

preparing himfelf
his irregular troops,

field,

immediately invefted

his walls,

few days, imprifoned what part of

the fword, and

Raja having previouily

in peace,

the

were difcomfited before the united powers of

driving

ithe garrifon efcaped

fummons of

defpifed the

found great wealth.

in the fort

fled into

the mountains, faw no hope

Ram

and therefore foUicrted the mercy of the King.

deo reinilated him, taking one of his daughters for his fecond fon.

Direding

which

his

falls

march from thence

to the

banks of the

from the mountains of Cafhmire into the

jaab, he traverfed the country of Hindoftan to the

where the great mountains of Sewalic

accomplifhed this march in

five

prefs

and then turned

diflridis

of Pun-

fait fea

of Bengal,'

He

upon the ocean.

He

five

plundered them of

his vicStorious ftandards towards his

which he entered

capital of Kinnoge,

Nerbet,

months, having reduced near

hundred difobedient Rajas and Zemindars.

their wealth,

river

in

pomp and

triumph.
.77

He foon
among

his

after prepared a magnificent feftival,

foldiers,

the

ftiare

this

nifieence,

fpoilj

of each being forty pieces of gold.

Befides a third part of the fpoil

From

and divided the

was thrown among the people.

time forward hp repofed upon the throne of eafe and mag^

nor ever afterwards mounted the horfe of war to hunt

further conquefts.

After he had reigned

fifty

(oi;,

four yeais, he.followed

hi*

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

his anceftors

to the

unknown world, from whence none

But the great adtions of

among
have

his

rendered his fame immortal

life

the Kings of Hindoftan,

we

Firofe SafTa, father of Keikubad, to

Of

UPON

by

are told

He was cotemporary
whom he paid tribute.

E C T

for

hiftorians, that

of Ramdeo.

rivalled the greatnefs

retufn.

few

with

N XVL

1)

Chund.

the Reign of Partab

Ramdeo, enmity broke out among

the death of

his a. d. ^o.-

children, fo that nothing but war, flaughter and death raged

in the

In a fhort time, the great treafures

plains of Hindoftan.

which he had amaff

pear in the

d,

The

ftreets.

Partab Chund,

were expended, and defolation began

general of

among

marched

and reduced

was

againft the capital,

the

then drawing

reft

became obedient

by an uninterrupted courfe of
pride,

was...

it

accordingly

few days.

in a

His

firft

power might be firmly

Rajas, by

fair,

I>ut falfe

pro-

he cut off the moft formidable, by which,

mifes into his power,

means, the

many of the

He

troops.

to extirpate the royal family, that his

eftabliflied

wind of

Ramdeo, whofj name

ap-

taking advantage of thefe family factions, gained PanabChundo

confidence and popularity

care

to

to his

fuccefs,

commands.

began

This prince,

at length. to

and negledled, for fome years,

to

devour the

fend the anrvual

tribute to Iran, returning the ambaffadors of Nofliirwaan with

hands and difhonour from

his court.

empty

This ufage provoked, the

e-

Negiefls to
foThePeriian^.;^

forced CO
i

fentment of the King of Iran, and he fent an army ngainft Partab

Chund^ which having conquered and ravaged the countries of Cabul

^nd Punjaab, threw him

into great

confufion

he therefore was

forced to pay up his arrears, to advance the tribute of the. enfuing

year,

and

to

make promifes of future

7

obedience.

Aftoc;

THE HISTORY

32
Theeiipiw

HINDOSTAN.

OF.

After the death of Partab Chund,

feveral

of the neio;hbourin2:

Ra)as gaining power, formed independent governments, and

a fiiiall

left

but

part of the country in the hands of the heirs of the empire,

infomucii that they

loft

Rana

its

fubftituted in

the

title

of Rajas or Kings, and had that of

Yet they pofTefTed the mountains of

place.

Combihnere, and the adjacent countries of Chitor and Mindufur^

they were conquered by the fucceflbrs of Timur.

-till

SECTION
Of Annindco,

Maldeo, and the Diffolution of the Empire.

A NNINDEO

j^nnindto.

JL

XVII.

was of the

of Bife, who, upon the death

fed:

of Partab Chund, feized upon the country of Malava, and

with rapidity of conqueft,

brought Narvalla,

the country of the

Maihattas, and the whole territory of Berar, into the circle of his

Reduces the
^larhattas,

obedience.

A. D. 576.

To

fecure thefe conquefts, he built the forts of

Rumgiri and Mundo.

He was cotemporary

and died

of fixteen years.

after a reign

whofe name was Maldeo, of obfcure

Maldeo.

Duaab,

raifed himfelf to great

Mahor,

with Chufero * Purvefe,

About

original,

this time,

a perfon

from the country of

power, and colleding a numerous

army, took the city of Delhi from the defcendants of Partab Chund ;
then directing his march to Kinnoge, foon reduced that capital to

which

his obedience,

at that time,

we

are told,

was

that there were in the city thirty thoufand fhops in

^mas

Ibid,

and

fixty

thoufand

fets

of rauficians and

a tax to the government, from which

Empire of

I'ne

extent of this

city.

"

'ujUcT'

Maldeo,

iffiic,

at

fo

which arreca

fingers,

we may judge

populous,

who

"f-

paid

of the amazing

the end of forty-two years, died,

every petty Raja rendered himfelf indepen-

* King of Peifia.

f
5-

A
.

kind of nut,

whkh

the Hindoos ufe as the Europeans do tobacco.

dent

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

From that time forward, no imperial Raja
for when Sultan Mahmood Giznavi invaded that

dent.
ftan

was the
fmall

firft

Mahvin by Calchunder ; Labor by Jeipal,

and Callinger by Begera.

had each

their

one another

Vol.

divided into
j

Merat by

the fon of Hitpal;

who were
we fhall quit

perfedily independent

of

the hiftory of the Rajas,

and begin with that of the conqueft of the Iflamites *

*

it

who

Malava, Ajmere, Guzarat and Gualier

diftindl Rajas,

for this reafon

Hindo-

country,

Kinnoge was governed by one Raja Korrah

ftates.

Hirdit

of the Iflamite conquerors, he found

ruled-

in Hindoftan.

The MahommedaDS.

I.

PART

THE HISTORY OF Hlt^DOSTAN.

34

PART
The

Hiftot-y of the

Gf the

firft

E C

IL

Empire of Ghizni.

r.

Appearance of the Star of Iflamifm * in Hin-

dofbn, together with a fummary Account of thofe

hommedans, by
Firft inyafion

ofHindoftan
by the Ma-

whom

minds enlightened

the

Empire of Ghizni was formed*.

like the fun, let it not

That the

JL

firft

Ma-

who

perfon of the faith

remain a

fecret,

placed his foot within

hommedans.

was Mohlib, the fon of Abiul Sukur..

,the boundaries of Hindoftan,

J
'

The

particulars

of

his hiftory are thefe

In the twentyrcighth year-

of the Higerah, Abdulla, the fon of Amir, governor of BufTorah,

by the command of Ofman, led an army towards Pharis, againft
the fovereign of that kingdom,

Omar.

who had

revolted

upon the death

of:

Abdulla reduced his enemy to obedience, and returned vicIn the thirtieth of the Higerah,

torious to BufTorah.

Ofman

turned

Olid Okbah, on account of his continuing to drink wine, from the

government of Kufa, which he conferred upon Seid ben

That commander marched the fame year towards.

companied by the two fons of
quered the country of
'

raifed a contribution

ruler of Buflbrah,
'

Jirju,

Ali, Haffen

whofe

capital

ul.Afs..

Tibiriftan, ac-

and HafTein, and conis

of forty thoufand dinarSi

Afhtrabad, where

he-:

Abdulla ben Amir,

on the part of Ofman, in the

thirty-firll

of the

Higerah, marched to the conquefl of Chorrafan, Sy the way of

*

A metaj^orical xprcir;OD for the

Mahommedan

faith.

Kirman,.

THE HISTGflY @F iffNDOSTAN.

Kirman, and having reduced that country, Seidan, Keiftan, Nefb.ipoor, Sirchufh, Herat, Badyetfh, ,Ghore, Girgh^ftan, Murve, Talickan and Balich, he entered into a treaty vvith ?

name was Joo5

ern regions whofe

Hanim

to the

having

King of the north-

appointed Keis

government of Chorraliin, Hanif ben Keis

l;ien

to the fu-

perintendency of Murve, Talickan and Nefhapoor, and Chaiid ben

Abdulla

of Herat, Ghore and Gerghiftan, he himfelf being

to that

marched back by the way of

on a pilgrimage to Caba,

bent

Hujage.

In the thirty-third year,

Abdul Reiman,

having marched with an army

became martyrs
^nd

faith,

BaUch, he and

except a few,

by the way of Gilan,

flpd

Agim,

to the

agai.ufl:

by order of Ofman,

Sharon,

his troops

who efcaped the fsvor^d

who was an Omrah of

Amir had gone

feeing that Abdulla ben

all

pilgrimage to

Mecca, and

that the plains of Chorrafan were clear of Perfians and

Muflulmen,

raifed in the

rom

Jibbis,

countries, and

was

at

Herat,

Badyeifli,

yvith Hanif,

and defeated him

for

which

men

Ghore, Keiftan, and the ^djacent

upon the MufTulmen.

fell

Nefhapoor

fame year an arpiy of forty thoufand

But Abdulla Hazim, who

with four thoufand horfe, attacked

feryice

he was afterwards rewarded

with the government of Chorrafan.

In the forty-fourth year of the Higerah, Mavia ben Abeffifian

advanced Zeiad ben Abiera to the government of Bufforah, Chorrafan

and

Seirtan

and in that year, Abdul Reiman ben Summera, ac-

cording to the orders of Zeiad, conquered the country -of Cabul, and

bound them over

About

to obedience.

Mohlib hen abul Sukur, who was a great Mohlib

Omrah of Arab, by the way of Murve, invaded Cabui and Zabul
4hen entering Hindoftan, made war upon the ^ifjol^tor?, ravaging enters h
the fame time,

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN^.

the country of Limgan and

its

dependencies, and with twelve thou--

fand captives returned to Chorrafan.

Hind were converted

few of the inhabitants of

time to the belief of the unity of God,

at that

and the embafly of his holy prophet.

In the fifty-third of the Higerah, Znad, governor of BufTorah,

died in confequence of a

government of Kufa

his finger,

in

to Abdulla his fon.

againft the country of

turned to Kufa

wound

after

Maver

and Mavia gave the

Abdulla led his troops

which he conquered, and

ul neer,

re-

which he got the government of Buflbrah,

and appointed Aflim ben Zerait ul Gulabi to the government of

Chorrafan
to Seid

But in the year

ben Ofman Affan

fifty-fix,

Mavia gave

that appointment

and again, in the year

fifty-nine,

that

government was changed inta the hands of Abdul Reiman ben^

Zeiad.

"Tn the fixty-fecond of the Higerah, 2eid ben Mavia appointed'

Among

Zillim ben Ziad to rule over Chorrafan and Seiftan.

chiefs

Zillim,

who

attended him,

when he had

was Mohlib ben Abiull Sukur: This-

feated himfelf in the government, gave his

brother Izid the government of Seiftan,

Cabul had imprifoned

letting

the

tribute,

the'

Abu Abida

who

hearing that the King of

his brother,-

who

had been col-

he raifed an army and marched towards him,

but after an obftinate battle he was defeated, and

lofl

the greateft

part of his army.

Intelligence "of this defeat

Abudulla
dirms.

to

He

Cabul,

then

Seiftan to Tilla,

to Zillim,

who ranfomed Abu-Abida

fet afide his

who

coming

he fent Tilla ben

for five thoufand

brother, and gave the government of

fent the troops

of Chore and

Baciyeifli

to

Cabul, and by that means reduced that country to obedience, and

conferred the government upon Chaled ben Abdulla.

This Chaled

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

J7

ben Abdulla being ordered fome time thereafter to return bacii and'
give an account of his adminiftration, fearing the oppreffion of

with

rulers,

wealth and friends,

his family,

fled to the

new

mountains of

Soliman, which extend between Moultan and Pefliawir, and there-

He

took up his abode.

who was

the Afghans,

many
from

Muffulman

From

two

the

name

great tribes of that

In the hiflory of Muttelu ul Anwar, which

good authority,
the Cibthi*,

this

it

who were

Soqf)j-

derive their origin.

wrote by an atithor pf

is

the Afghans are of the race of

related, that

is

marriage fprung-

Load and

two of w^hom became famous.

chil-dren,

whom

miarried his daughter to one of the chiefs of

ruled by Pharaoon

and being expelled

-f,

Origin of the

about the time of Moles, took up their refidence in thofe mountains^^^^^"^*

But

We

to return to our hiftory.

employ themfelves

Tinder Caled, began to

and in breeding of

grounds,

Cafim, by the

way of

Sind,

in the cultivation

When,

cattle.

came

to

Ajmere, entered mto

Omrahs

againft

iiTued

from

them

who was
r-

a deiign to

but- the

in

alliance

-^-^'fuS'

when they

their hills,

of Kirman, Pefhawir and Shinwaran

time, the Raja of Lahore,

and

In the

pof-.

mean

with the Raja ofRajaofLahore^

deiigns to

humble them^ and

Omrah was

fen tone of his humble them,

worfted and

loft

many but isworfted.

of his men, upon which the Raja fent his nephew with an additional
force of

two thoufand horfe and

The MulTulmen of
hoftilities

afliftance

againft

five

thoufand

foot.

Cabul, Chillige and Ghote, hearing of thefe

their

brethren, fent four thoufand horfe to the

of the Afgans, fo that in the fpace of

* Copts or E^yptiianfc

Moultan, he remained ibme

In the one hundred and forty-third of the Higerah,

feffed themfelves

of their

Mahumud

therefore,

time among them, and was hofpitably entertained.

began to multiply exceedingly, they

colony

are told, that this fmall

five

months, above

Pharaoh.:

feventy

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fcvcnty different battles and fkirmiflies were fought with various fuc-

forcrjto

When

winter came on, the troops of Hindoftan unable to bear

cefs

tlie

inclemency of the weather, were forced to

The two

again in the fpring.

retreat,

but returned

met between JCirman and

ai-mies

Pclhawir, where a battle was fought, in which the right wing of

The

each army was victorious.

a

s.itfs for

he- could not reduce

Raja of Lahore finding

them, was obliged

at

that

lafl:

conclude a peace.

to

peace.

war broke out

at that

tribe of Gicker,

the

who

time, between the Raja of Lahore and

entered into an alliance with the Afgans

which obliged the Raja

or Patans,

The

give up feveral diftrifls to the Patans.

in

the

mean time

treaty with

into

accommodate

to

tribe

them,

in

matters, and

of Chillige entered

which the Patans

guarantied the boundaries of Hindoftan againft any foreign invafioa

by the way of

Iran.

To

be able to

they built the fort of Cheiher in the

fulfil

the terms of this treaty,

pafl'es

of .the mountains, which

obliged the troops of Samania to invade Hind, by the

and
Subuaagi
t^hrtrooVof
.Ghtzni.
""^

Sin.d

Battia.

When

the government of Ghizni *

fell

to Abiftagi, his general,

whofe name was Subuctagi, made feme ineurfions

Moultan, carrying off plunder and

-'^

way of

able to cope with

of Lahore, for
could not

him

When

affiftance.

fubfift in the

Sheck Amid,

in the field,

flaves

fent an

into

Limgan and

and the Patans not being

embaffy to Jeipal

-f

Raja

Jeipal underftood that his troops

winter feafon in thofe cold regions, he called

who was

chief of the Afgans, conferred the

title

of

him ; and made over fome countries of Moultan and

enable him to carry on the war.

general upon

Limgan
Succeeds to
""

menl'^

to

Abiftagi

dying about

this

time,

him: And Shech Amid finding

* Ghizni was

at that

it

Mahmud

Subudagi fucceeded

unadvifeable to carry

on the war,

time a province of the empire of Bochara.

f Jeipal feems loiuive been the

name of two

qr three fuccefllve Rajas of Lahore,

fent

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fent

art

him
was

"

39,

ambaffador to him to propofe terms of accommodation, giving

to underftand, that as they

in hopes

were brethren of the fame

he would henceforth confider the Afgans

upon which conditions, he might

as his friends

this

propofal, and

him, and gave Shul Ameid the

Jeipal, defeated

But Sultan Mahmood,

government of Moultan.

he

with his army unmolefted

Subudagi gladly embraced

towards Hindoftan.

marching againft

pafs

faith,

Defeatsjdpa].

the fon of Su- The Afgans

reduced ty

budtagi, in

the abfence, and contrary to the policy of his father, Mamood.

made war upon

ing the

reft to

the Afgans, and cut off

the yoke of his

bend-

their chiefs,

commands.

G T

& E

many of

The Reign of Nafir ul-dien

O N

n.

Subudtagi, the Founder of the

Empire of Ghizni.
in/.

HOUGH

the valiant Subudagi never croffed the river of

1

Nilaab, nor attamed to the government ofPunjaab, yet au-

upon him the honour of being the

thors have conferred

hommedan King of

Lahore.

firll;

raffan,

where he acquired great renown.

Abiftagi, to confult with

him about

them

balTadors, the
.iiui

Taar

fent an embafly to

He

a fucceftbr.
as yet

told

to eledl his uncle,

'

* Kmgof Bochaia..

^iriJ

ic

owj

"to

that

He

there-

but before the return of the am---

Omrahs had advanced .Munfur

them

but a child, and no

capable of fuftaining the weight of government:

fore advifed

Abiftagi,

"When Abdul Mallick,

Omrahs of Bochara

Munfur, the fan of Abdul Mallick, was

ways

J^'j r-feuJ^jei.

being appointed to the government of Chor-

the fon of Samania, died, the

i-^oou

Subudtagi was originally a Turkifli

degree, in the reign of Sajnania *, raifed to the moft confiderable dig-

of the kingdom

Subuaagi.

Ma-o

Have, and having fallen into the hands of Abiftagi, was, from a low

nities

975.
Higcr, 365.

amtu

to the

throne

who

/i

hearinjy^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

40

hearing of the advice given by Abiftagi,

Abiftaa;ire-

back to Bochara

<m thi
refuled
empire of

commanded

that general

but Abiltagi fearing the young King's refcntment,

volts fr

Bokhara.

comply

to

would Only be

He

him

to

wifely

the

confidered that peaceable meafurcs

means of ruin, and he forthwith ftood be-

hind his difobedicnce, with thirty thoufand men.

In the three hundred and fifty-firft of the Higerah, he direded

his

march towards Ghizni, and having fubdued

that country by the

edge of the fword, he exalted his Handard of royalty

mean
moft

*.

In the

time, Munfur, hearing that Abiflagi had left ChorrafTan altotally

deftitute

of troops,

with an army that way,

who

Abiftagi,

into Bochara.

reignty of the

gave

ordered

Abul Haflen

march

to

but he was interrupted in his rout by

him two

fignal defeats,

and obliged him to

Abiftagi immediately obtained the peaceable fove-

kingdoms of Ghizni and

Chorrafl'an.

During the

teen years of the reign of Abifliagi, he had employed Subudlagi,

had

raifed himfelf

jas of

Isfucceedei

by

Hind,

When

fly

by

whom

his valour, to

make

fif-

who

depredations upon the Ra-

he plundered of much weal thp.

Abiftagi, in the year three

his fon,

hundred and fixty-five, departed

.

into the regions of eternity, his fon

Abu

Ifaac

invaded Bochara; in

which expedition, Subu6tagi enjoyed the chief command. Munfur,

King of Bochara, being worfted in fome engagements, a peace was
concluded

in

which

it

was

ftipulated,

that

Abu

Ifaac

fliould

con-

tinue to enjoy the regency of Ghizni, under the diredtion of Su-

budagi.

who

dies.

Abu

Ifaac being very

young and

entrufted Subudlagi with the

addi(5led to pleafure,

whole adminiftration of

he readily

affairs.

voluptuous King travelled foon the road of mortality, and the

* That

is,

afTumed the

title

The

Omrahs

of King.

of

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^of Ghi^ni,

who

41

admired the wifdom and bravery of Subudagi, una'

ekded him

nimoufly

iixty-feven

When

their

the reign of

Ifaac continuing only for

he foon

years.

mind wholly upon the

There was

hand.

of Buft, of the name of Tigha,

on the borders of Ghizni, upon

laid his

an independent Zemindar,

and country, came

him

ajid

to his dignity.

gave a favourable anfwer, and fent an army againfl Bab

Toor, drove that chief from his new conquefts, and put Tigha
;

.....

Making

this

ingratitude,

he

but

the terdtories of Tigha, he invited

^him with

man, put

him

diffembled

his

hand on

in the combat,

Tigha,

his fword,

was wounded

-attendants poured in

fued, wherein

when he came

near

Finding himto upbraid

and impetuoiis

on which the Kingalfo drew, but,

in the

hand.

upon them, when

Tigha and

a daring

his adherents

Immediately

a fhort

a.crowd

of

but fierce conit in-

were foon put

to flitrht,

and

^'f'^^'^-fc<ited.

fo clofely purfued

fort at his

by the troops of Subuctagi,

heels.;

that they entered the

Tigha leaped over the wall and

fled

towards

Kirman,

Vol.

I.

un.

refentment.

his

to the chace.

who was

is

grateful.

with Tigha, the King took that opportunity

his ingratitude

Subu6tagi who

foon after the circuit of his dominions,

felf alone

in

promifes to the

all his

King, and never once thought of fending his tribute.

perceived

^'^^ Tigiia,

but Tigha no fooner found himfelf

of his inheritance, than he neglected

pofTefled

of

governor in the

complaint before the King, promifing him tribute

quiet polleffion of his country

'H"^^^^

expelled by another

lofing his fort

obedience, if Subudtagi fhould reftore

The King

who was

who was

Tigha,

chief called Bab Toor.

at this time,

of^_^"^^^"^^^'g'j^.^

of government,

art

eftabli/hed iuftice in his dominions, and held the hearts

his fubjeds in his

and

two

Subua.igi afcended the throne, he married the daughter

Abiftagi, and turning his

fort

Abu

hundred and

in the year three

King,

'^.D. c;??.
Higer, 367,

jt

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'42
A. D. 977.
Higer. 367..

here
...
of writing,
It ^v.^s

tliat

and

Subudaei
^ me^'wlth Abul

in the

had been formerly

knowledge of the

fciences,

who,

in the art>

had no equal

Bab Toor, and on

fecretary to

retired to enjoy his ftudies.

FvUti,

He

had

his defeat

Subuftagi hearing of him, called hitn

into his prefence, and having obtained proofs of his great abilities,

made him
In

his fecretary,

that llation

Abul

Mamood, when he
Amir

SubuL^agi invadesllin-

own
,

Fatti

remained

till

of

the acceflion

titles.

Sultan..

retired in difgufl: to Turkiftans.

01

Subudlagi having conquered Bufl, turned towards Kufdar,

and taking the chief of that place prifoner, added his territory to

do!lr.n.

and dignified him with honourable

dominions, giving the government of

after refolved

vTards

upon a war with the

it

idolators

He

to Adtafs.

his,

foon

of Hindoftan, and

to--

the clofe of the year three hundred and fixty-feven, w^hich

was the

firfl

of his reign, he undertook that expedition

and havings

ravaged part of the countries of Cabul and Punjaab, he founded,

_^^^me mofques, and returned to Ghizni with great treafures.

Jeipal, the fon

of Hitpal the Brahmin, ruled

at

this

time, the-

country extending from Sirhind to Limghaan, and from Cafhmire

Advances,

to

Moultan

againftjeipal.

j^^^^

no

reft

army with

and kept his court at^Lahore.

from the incurfions of the MufTulmen,

raifed a great,

them in their own country, which Subarmy in motion, and marched out to meet

The Kings drew

near one another at Limghaan,

boundaries of their refpedive dominions

days,

he could

intent to invade

udtagi hearing, put his

him.

Jeipal finding

They

Ikirmiflied for a

and Sultan Mamood, though then a boy, gave fuch

proofs of his courage, that he

drew

tears,

on the

few

fignal

of joy from the eyes of;

his father.

miraculous

Hiflorians,
that

on

whofe credulity exceed

this occafion, a certain>perfon

their

wifdom, have told

"

us,

informed the King, that in

the

,?:^i^.ii/?:TftI^,^,<^-i(INDOSTAN.

jthe

camp of Jeipal

there

a fpring, into which, if a fmall c^uan-

of a certain drug, called Cafurat, (hould be thrown, the Jky

tity

would immediately be

wind
the

was

43

became

efFe(fts

vifible,

^'V?

|77.

.i^giH

and a dreadful ftorm of hail and

overcaft,

Subudagi having accordingly ordered

arife.

^.^^

for immediately

this to

be done,

and

the fky loured,

^thunder, lightning, wind and hail began, turning the day into darknefs,

and fpreading horror and defolation around

infomuch that a

great part of the cavalry were killed, and fome thoufands of both

armies perifhed

but the troops of Ghizni being more hardy than

much upon

thofe of Hindoflan, fuffered not fo

in the

morning found

his

the effedls of this ftorm,

army

in fuch

which was

this occalion.

weaknefs and dejedion, by

rather natural than the

magic, that fearing Subu6lagi would take advantage of

;|i|3,,fent

He

Heralds to treat of a peace:

Ghizni a certain

tribute,

Jeipal

offered

and a confiderable prefect

work of

his condition,

to the

King of which inc'aces

in elephants

and

gold.

Subudtagi was not difpleafed with thefe terms, but his fon, Sultan

Mamood, who was

an ambitious young man, fearing this would

put an end to his expedition, prevailed with his father to rejedl the
propofal.

Jeipal,

upon

this,

told

him

that the cuftoms of the Raja-

puts were of fuch a nature, that if he perfifted in diflreffing them,

muft make him,

fuch occafions,

murder

in the end,

pay very dear for his

and when reduced

their wives

and children,

their hair, and, rufhing in defpair

felves in the

vidlories.

it

Upon

to extremity, faid Jeipal, they

fet

fire to their

among

crimfon torrent of revenge.

houfes, fet loofe

the enemy,

drown them-

Subudlagi hearing of this

cuflom, he was afraid to reduce them to defpair, and confented to

let

them

fenting

retreat

him with

the whole of this

upon
fifty

fum

their

paying a million of Dirms, and pre-

elephants.
in

Jeipal not being able to difcharge

camp, he defired that fomeperfons of

truft,

on

foJ^piace!'^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

44

on the part of Subu6tagi, fhould accompany him to Lahore to re-

f%?

ceive the ballance

for

whofc

Subudagi took hoflages.

fafety,

Jcipal having arrived at Lahore, and finding Subudlagi had returned

Ifis pcrfiJy.

home, imprifoned
It

his mefiengers, and rcfufed

was then cuftomary among the Rajas,

in

throne;

and of the nobleft

who

Kittries,

fat

aji

equal

on the right

who

on the

fat

of moment, to

affairs

alfemble the double council, which confifted of

the moft refpedtable Brahmins,

pay the money.

to

'

number of

fide

of the

When

left.

they faw that Jeipal proceeded to fuch an impolitic meafure, they intreated the King, faying, that the confequence of this ftep

bring ruin and

diftrefs

upon the country

the troops faid they have

not yet forgot the terror of their enemy's arms

reft:

affured,

nity

ply

It

that a

would

may

and Jeipal

conqueror will never brook fuch

an indig-

was, therefore, the opinion of the double council, to com-

ft:riclly

with the terms of the peace, that the people might enjoy

the bleffings of tranquillity

but the King was obftinate, and would

n^t hearken to their advice.

Intelligence of
like a

what was done, foon reached the

ears of Subudagi;

foaming torrent he haftiened towards Hindoftan with a nume-.

rous army, to take revenge upon Jeipal for his. treacherous behaviour
Renews
war.

the

Jeipal alfo collefted hi^ forces, and

marched forth

to

meet him

ji

for

the neighbouring Rajas, confidering themfelvesinterefted in his fuccefs,

fupplied

him with

troops and money.

mere, Callinger and Kinnoge, were

When
ccnded a

army of

in his alliance,
a

and

hundred thoufand

with which he marched with

and two hundred thoufand foot

full aiTurance

Rajas of Delhi, Aj-

now bound

Jeipal found himfelf at the head of an

horfe,

The

of vi6tory.

the moving armies approached each other, Subudagi afhill,

to

view the

f9rce5S,

of Jeipal, which he beheld

,

like,

fliorelefs

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK

{bbrelefs fea,

and

in

looked upon himfelf

number,
as a

the ants or the locufts

like

wolf among

them

with his commands.

diftindtly

number, he divided

A- D- o?^'
Higer. 368.

but he

Calling there-

to glory,

and honoured

a flock of goats

fore together his chiefs, he encouraged

them

His troops, though few in

into fquadrons of five

hundred each, which he

ordered one after another, to the attack in a circle, fo that a con-

round of

tinual

frefli

The Hindoos

troops harrafTed the Indian army.

being worfe mounted than the cavalry of Subuilagi,an^

could efFed nothing againft them

manner of

became

fighting, confufion

de-

wearied out with this

fo that

>s

amongft them.

vifible

Sub-

udlagi perceiving their diforder, founded a general charge, fo that

they

fell like

corn before the hands of the reaper

with great {laughter to the banks of the

who had

and Were purfued

Nilaab

river

w^here

many,

efcaped the edge of the fword, perifhed by their fear in th6--

waters.

Subudagi acquired

in

befides the rich plunder

tributions

them

to his

their names, as

much

dominions, joined them to his

was cuftomary, upon

Pefliawir; and the Afghans

them

promifed

in his

raifed great

Con-

Limghaan and Pe{hawir, and annexed

his coins.

with three thoufand horfe, was appointed

having

glory and wealt'fi'y'^C^

of the Hindoo camp, he

the countries of

own

aflion

this

who
he

allegiance,

army, and returned

refided

to

One of

and ftamped
his

Omrahs,

the government of

among

entertained

vi<5torious to

titles,

the mountains,

fome thoufands of

Ghizni.

Amir Noo Samani, King of Bochara, being at this time hardsubuaagi

preffed by Faeck, fent Abu Nifer Pharfi to Subudtagi to beg his
tjf
I^'j

afliftance.

Subudagi was moved by gratitude

to the family of JBoc-

hara, and haftened with his army towards Maverulnere, while

Noo

advanced to the country of Sirchulh to meet him.

6

^^"^a^a

Amir

Subufiagi,

upon

fj,^

'

THE HrSTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

46
Ai p.

Hijf r.

\ipon account of his

308.'

aj^e,

a meQeni?er'to
o

fciit

Amir Noo,
-

lighting froni his horle

bu't

when he advanced and recognized

features of his royal father, in the face of the

not fupprefs the emotions of his heart.

run to

vvhich the

kifs his ftirrup,

him by difmounting and

He

receiving

knot of friendfhip was bound

the feafon was

now too

him

prince,

the

he could

leaped from his horfe and

perceiving, prevented

his

in

At

embrace.

this

in every face, and fuch a

can hardly be paralleled in any age.

as

far

young

young King

happy interview the flower of joy bloomed

,..jAs

to excufe his

advanced for adion,

it

was agreed that

Subudlagi fliould return, during the winter, to Ghizni, and prepare

his forces
fpring.

to

adt

Noo

conjundion with thofe of Amir

in

But when Amir Ali Sumjure, prince of Ghoraffan,

at

in the

whofe

court Faek was then in treaty, heard of the alliance formed between

Amir Noo and

Subudtagi, he began to fear the confequence of his

engagement with Faeck.

prote(ftion,

He

in cafe fortune,

afked his council where he fhould take

which was feldom

They

fhould defert his ftandards in war.

to

be depended upon,

replied, that the fituation

of affairs required he iTiould endeavour to gain the alliance of Fuchier ul

Dowla, prince of

Jirja.

ambafTador to the court of

valuable and curious
alliance

Theconfede'^^"^

armies!'"

was

fettled

Subu^lagl in the

The

with prefents of every thing that was

in a fhort

time a treaty of friendfhip and

between the two powers.

mean time put

towards Balich, where

Bochara.

Jirja,

and

Karmin was accordingly appointed

Jaffier zul

rebel

and marched

his troops in motion,

Amir Noo

joined

Faeck and Abu

him with

his forces

Sumjure hearing of

ali

jundtion, with confent of Dara the general of Fuchir ul

lami,

marched out of Herat

Subudtagi pitched his

the enemy.

camp

in

great

pomp and

in an extenlive plain,

They foon appeared

from

in his front,

this

Dowla Wil-

magnificence.

where he waited

for

he drew out his army in

order of battle, and took pofl in the center, with his fon Sultan

Ma-

mood and Amir Noo.

5

In

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

In-

the

firft

47

enemy came forward with

charp-e the troops of the

\' ^* 978Higer. 36S.

great violence and bravery, and prefled fo hard

upon the

flanks of

both wings began to give ground, and the whole

Subu(fl?.gi, that

army was upon the point of being defeated. But Dara ben Kabus,
the general of Fuchir ul Dowla, charging the centre where Subu(flagi
in

perfon led on his troops with great bravery, as foon as he had gat

near threw his (hieU upon his back, which was a fignal of friendship,

and riding up to the King, begged he would accept of his

vices.

He

who had accompanied him,

then returned with the few

and immediately brought over his troops to

facing round on his

unexpedled treachery.
confufion, charged,
flight, purfuing.

of Subudagi,

the- fide

who were

deferted friends,

fer-

aftonifhed at this

&ubudtagi took immediate advantage of their

them home, and foon put

them with great

flaughter,

their

whole army

and taking many

pri>-

foners*

Thus

the unfortunate

man who had

againft his fovereign, loft his

exalted the fpear of enmity

honour and

his wealth, a tenth of

might have maintained him and. his family

in fplendor

^'^

life.

Faeck and Abu Ali took

-^''^^"^

way of Nefhapoof,
Amir Noo and Subud:agi

in their flight the

with the fcattered remains- of their army.

where they remained

entered forthwith the city of Herat,

to ,refre/h their troops

which

and happinefs

'

for

to Defeat

and divide the

fpoil.

few days

Subu(^lagi after this fig-

bal vidory received the title of Nafir ul Dein, or the Supporter of

^the Faith, and his fon

Dowla,

or

the

acknowledged

Mamood was

Sword of Fortune,

as

Emperor, though

dignified with that of Seif

by.
his

Amir Noo, whom he

power had been

aL

ftill:

greatly dimi-

^'hilhed at this period.,.

-bM

HfijIuS aol zid

dir.','

/lajn^o ?Hj ni

rhw.

'^JilBd
'\

\o i^irK>^

bnfi

b:

'
.

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

4?
\'

^"^i'*

Noo,

after thefe tranfavltions, dired:ed his

march

to Bochara,

^Is'

and Subudagi, and his fon 6ahan Mamiood turned their faces towards

'

Ncfliapcror.

ted^ion with

Abu AH fled into Jirja,

Dovvla.
The counti*y being

Faeck and

Fucher

ul

and took prothus cleared of

MaFaeck and Abu

the enemy, Subu6tagi returned to Ghizni, while his fon Sultan

mood remained

at

Ncfliapoor with a fmall force.

Ali feizing upon this opportunity, collected

Mimood.

the

ta^irdefeatcd.

Subuaagi
comes to the
aid of his fon.

towards

Mamood, and

Amir Noo,

marched

before he could receive any afiiftance frotn

was compelled

or his father, he

which he was defeated and

loft all his

to an

engagement, in

baggage.

Subu6lagi hearing of the fituation of his fon, haftened towards

Nelhapoor, and

a great duft was feen to

be Sultan

Mamood

rife in

which was

The rebels are ground.

Sultan

^"g''y ^^on,

fo

In the heat of the adtioa

the rear of Abul Ali, which proved t

and Faeck and Abul Ali finding they would

foon be attacked on both

tagi,

-lAtiAiAbul Ah

n
n
r
the dittrias of Toos, meeting with

and Faeck, engaged them without delay.

Overthrown!'

their forces,

all

fides,

made

a refolute charge agaiiift Subuc-

well received that they were obHged to give

Mamood

arriving at that inftant attacked

and they unable to fupport the

conteft,

them

like

turned their

face to flight, and took refuge in the fort of Killat.

A.T). 907.
Higer. 38,.

Subuaagi

^b<fla'gi ^fter this vkftory, according to his heart's

imufnud of empire,

ypQjj

till

in the year

defire",

repofed

^S j, which was the

56th of his age, death overtook him, in the town of

Turmuz

near

Balich.

Subu(5lagi reigned twenty yfears.

after

him Lahore and

their

command.

Amud
tivil

irpherai,

and military

Fourteen Kings of his race held

the countries adjacent, within the circle of

The Vizier of Subudagi was Abul Abas Fazil ben

who was a great minifl:er in the management of both
affairs.

The

author of the

Jam

ul

Hickaiat relates,
that

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

that

SubudlaH was

tagi,

and being of

49

at firft a private horfemaii in the fervice

a vigorous

of Abif-

and adive difpofition ufed to hunt every

happened one time

employed himfelf

in

day

in the foreft.

this

amufement, that he faw a deer grazing with her young fawn,

It

upon which, fpurring

legs laid

When

him

he had rode

he feized the fawn, and tying

his horfe,

acrofs his faddle

a little

and turned his

The

towards his home.

and exhibiting every mark

of Subudtagi melted witiiin him

foul

into pity, he untied the feet of the

The happy mother

to his liberty.

f^ice

his

way, he looked behind and beheld the

mother of the fawn following him

of extream afflidion.

as lie

fawn and generoufly

reftored

him

turned her face to the wildernefs,

but often looked back upon Subuftagi, and the tears dropt

fail

from

her eyes.

Subudlagi
his dream,

you have

is

faid to

who

this

faid to

God

kingdom of Ghizni

is

a figure or apparition in

him, That generofity and compafllon which

day fhown to a

in the prefence of

let

have feen that night

diflrefled

therefore,

marked

as a

animal has been approved of

in the records

reward

of Providence, tha

againffc

thy name.

But

not greatnefs deftroy your virtue, but thus continue your benevo-

lence to men.

It is faid in

the Mafir ul Maluck, that Sultan

Mamood

his fon,

having built a pleafure houfe in an elegant garden near the city of

Ghizni, he invited his father

when

it

was

finiihed to a magnificent

entertainment which he had prepared for him.

The

fon, in the

joy

of his heart, defired the opinion of Subudlagi concerning the houfe

and garden, which were efteemed admirable in

The

old man, to the great difappointment of

he looked upon the whole

have

raifed

by the means of wealth.

prince to ere6l the

Vol.

I,

as a bauble,

more durable

Mamood,

which any of his

But that

ftruvSture

tafie

it

and ftrudlure.
told

him, that

fubjedts

might

was the bufinefs of

of gcod fame which might

fland

A. D. 997.
liischaiaaer.

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'TITE
ii^f
'

^^^^^

W?

imitated but never to be equalled

by pofterity

'

The

makes upon

great poet Nizaini

Of all

tion.

mood

built,

of his fame,
and feems

this faying the

which we

the magnificent palaces

we now
as

find not

on

nre told Sultan

one ftone upon another

he was told by his

ellabliflied

following reftec-

father,

Ma-

but the edifice

triumphs qypr ^ime*

ftill

a lafiinn: foundation.

r^wlT h3\hb^ -t-v

nr.

SECTION
rftJoii:j>

The Reign

of

Amir

Ifmaiel ben Nafir ul dien Subu6tagi.

VtllOlf

H\^'%^
^

'

QUBUCTAGI
l3

mood, being

3vo{

''I

Ma-

dying fuddenly, and his eldeft fon. Sultan

at

Nefhapoor, which was

a confiderable diilance

Ifmaiel fuc-

from the place of the King's deceafe, Amir Ifmaiel prevailed with

ther Sutra^

his father, in his

moments,

laft

The

return of his brother.

to appoint

him

to fucceed

reafon afilgned for this

the

till

demand, was

to

prevent other ufurpations, which were then feared in the government.

Ifmaiel therefore, immediately

"'crowned v/ith great

5 Ifmaiel

upon the demife of

folemnity

at

To

Balich.

opened the treafury and diftributed the

father's wealth in

He

alfo

greatefl p>irt of his

hand of prodigality.

This policy being overafted had not the defired

brother,

popularity,

augmented the pay of the

troops, and rewarded fmall fervices vyith the

perceiving that

gain

was

prefents to the nobility, and in expenfive (hews

and entertainments to the people.

lity

his father,

ail

this generofity

up with pride by

ofiderlv

and debauched.

his indulgences,
.

The

nobi-

proceeded from the fear of his

ungeneroufly increafed their demands,

pufiCed

efFe(5t.

*Q^j

begun

while the troops

to be mutinous, dif'

-^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

'^^Wfon Ktelligehce was brmight
',.

to

/-I
of his

and

the accemon

fince the death of his royal father,

as his beloved brother

Amir

years, experience,

he held

whom

Ifmaiel,

art

Mamood.

He

to

him

to the love

he would oblige

to- t\ip

of government required
in the affairs
pofTefs,

from impropriety, and

and generofity of

ginal intention to confer

of

fiate,

though Subuc-

difpute,

Mamood

up

to give

which would

for that

it Vi^as

his

reflore

his ori-

upon Ifmaiel the governments of

Balicji

Cll

moil,
Ifmaiel fhut his cars againft

and prepared for his

enmity

ag-ainft

his interefb,

Amir
'

own

him.

fecurity,

Sultan

all

the propofak of

Mamood faw

h^other,

from Balith

no remedy

but

in

and his brother Nifir to

advanced with his ftandards

Ifmaiel haftened alfo

hU

turning the edge of the fvvord of

and attaching his uncle Bujerac,

war,

to

towards Ghizni,
oppcfe him.

while

When

the

two armies approached towards one another. Sultan Mamood took

great pains to avoid
cile

coming

to extremities,

and

in vain tried to

He was

matters in an amicable manner.

form

his troops in order of battle, while

Amir

armies unfheathing their

fwords wept blood.

enemy with fuch

Sultan

Ifmaiel alfo extended

commenced fuch

Mamood

at

Both

a llaughter that the

length charged the center of

fury that they trembled as with an earthquake,

and turned their faces to

jl'ia^ther

fteel,

recon-

therefore forced to

the lines of war, which he fupported by a chain of elephants.

the

,q.u.a
"^"''^'^

and Chorafl^n.

Amir

upon iJirbro-

therefore advifed Ifmael ferioufly to confider the mat-

government \yithout further

title

That

to fucceed to the throne in the abfence ol

to diftinguifli propriety

ter,

t;o mj,;,ooj's

fa ^^ar

wifdom and knowledge,

had appointed him

bis a. D.cj^r.
Hkcr. 387^'

upon earth

nojie

"yhich Ifmaiel could not poflibly pretend to

tagi

he wrote

In this letter he faid thus,

But that the

extent of his power.

of the .death of

younger brother,

Ifmaiel by the hand of Abul Haffen.

full

111

Mamood

father,

.jg

flight,

taking refuge in the citadel of

Ghhni.

the conqueror purfued them, and immediately inverted the

place.

'

vjol

hismll

^^^ j^.^^^^pn
^'^^

brothers,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN*.

5^
A. 0,997.

Such a prodie;ious number of the runaways had crowded into

place.

Higer. 387.
jfmaiei defeateJ

and

Ghizni, that for want of provifions

-

Amir

was
itt-i/Having
Ifmaiel

the neceflity of treating about a furrcnder.

taken.

reduced to

-i

therefore received

promifes of fafety, he fubmitted himfelf, and delivered up the keys

of the garrifon and the treafury to Sultan

Mamood

having appointed a

new

Mamood.

government of the country, proceeded with

It is faid,

that a

was afked by
had

few days

his brother,

What

intended to have imprifoned

To which

him

for life in

of Amir Ifmaiel, he

Ifmaiel' replied,

fome

caftle,

That he

and to indulge

Upon which

Sultan

Ma-

time, but foon after confined

him

liberty.

till

his death,

inti-

which happened not long

being depofcd.

SECTION
The

Balich".

of Georghan, in the manner that he himfelf had

mated, where he remained

after his

army towards

he intended to have done with him

him with every pleafure but his

mood made no refledlions at that

ard dic"^"^'^

his

after the fubmiflion

his better fortune prevailed

in the fort

and regulated the

miniftry,

Hiftory of the Reign of

Dowla, Sultan

Mamood

Amin

Ghiznavi,

IV.
ul Muliic,

from

Emin

ul

his Accefliojy

to the Year 403.

A.D.

997.

Acceflion

of"

His'charl'fter.

7 E are told by hiftorlans, tfrat Sultan Mamood was a Kin*^

y V who conferred happinefs upon the world, and refleded glory
that the day of his aceeffioa
upon the faith of Mahomcd
:

illuminated the earth with the bright torch of juftice, and cherifhed
it

with the beams of beneficence.

Others inform

us, that in his difpofitiooi

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

pofition, the fordid vice

....

of avarice found
.

place,

w^hich hov/ever could

not darken the other bright qualities of his mind.

fays,
^arfter

that his wealth was like a pearl in the fhell

from which

his adlions,

certain poet

but as poets hunt

we muft judge

wit rather than truth, therefore

53

of

Mamood

appears that he was indeed a prince of

it

great oeconomy, but that he never withheld his generofity

We

juft and proper occafion.

by

upon a

have the teftimony of the Fatti Bilad,

wrote by Abu Nifir Mufcati, and of the famous Abul Fazil, that no

King had
dilplayed

more learned men

ever

at his court,

kept a finer army, or

more magnificence than Sultan Mamood.

could not be done without expence

muft have been owing

two

to

which ought by no means

to

fo that the

All thefe things

ftigma of avarice

particular circumftances of his

life,

have ftamped his general character with

that fordid vice.

The two
great

circumftances in a few words were thefe.

propenfity

poetry,

to

in

which he made fome

progrefs himfelf, he promifed Sheck Phirdoci a golden

every verfe of an heroic

Under the
paralleled

poem which he was

poem

of his promife,

formed with

When

telling

the po.t,

him

much

fo

he prefented

eafe

for a

though Sultan

mher

ftampt upon

mher *

for

of feven

to the

King, he repented

he thought

fixty

work which he feemed

Phirdoci

after refieftion

julflly

hundred couplets which

/^-^l-flm"^- ^f^^o}

about foartfcn rupees

have peroffended

have gladly paid

lie

him

wrote upon that

,

hnn

to

thoufand

the poet, however, took ample revenge

-'^l

is.

confifted of fixty

be brought to accept of any reward,

Mamood would

the fum originally ftipulated

fdtire

that

it

and expedition.

at this indignit}', could never

bVrnh'^r''.'

tolerable

defirous to patronize.

Shaw Namma, which

called the

rupees might fatisfy

oocafton.^

protection of this promife, that divine poet wrote the un-

thoufand couplets.

in a

Having

idohdf

i<,l,h|s

yfnrs -^^rt^
\5?a.^ called mher from haying

arfj fftr?r

coin

a fun'

it.

Mksr

fignifies ihe fun, la the Pe.-fiaa,

Sultan.

^- ^- 997. ^
Higr.387,;
[

THB HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN,

S
A. D. 09-.

'

Mamood, who

Sultan

it

reported was defedlivc in external

is

appearance, faid one day, obferving himfelf

f]is picr^n.*

The

*'

in a glafs,

figlit

of a JCing fhould brighten the eyes of the beholders, but nature has
been

fo capricious to

The

tune.''

that

Vizier replied,

my

fcems the

afpeift

It is

piifturc

are diffufed over

We

not one of ten thoufand

But

all.

to

which reafon

known by

(lie is

the

name of

Mamood was

He

Zabuli.

was born

the aflrologers fay, with

as

linany happy omens expreffed in the herofcope of his

fate.

Subudagi

being afleep at the time of his birth, dreamed that he beheld a green

:..dicW jtree

fpringing forth from his chimney,

'

Hisjuftice.

are

His mother was a princefs of the houfe of Zabulrtan

in the year 357 of the Higerah, and

"^"""Ir^l^

who

proceed with our hiftory.

have already obferved that the father of Sultan

Subu(5tagi.

of misfor-

with a fight of your majefty's countenance, but your virtues

bleffed

for

me

.the. face

its

fh ado

over

of the earth, and fcreened from the florms of heaven the

This indeed was

^wbole animal creation.

^.Mamood ;
-^:the

which threw

for if

we

verified

by the

juftice

of

can believe the poet, in his reign the wolf and

{heep drank together

at

the fame brook.

In the

firfi:

month of his

reign a vein of gold, refembling a tree of three cubits in circumference,

golden
mine.

was found

when

vtan Mufaood,

when

which yielded pure gold

in Seiftan,

Sultan

he haftened

it

was

lofl in

Mamood had

to Balich,

till

the reign of Sul-

confequence of an earthquake.

fettled

his

from whence he

difpute with his brother,

fent an ambafTador to

Amir

Munfur, Emperor of Bochara, complaining of the indignity which

he met with
Mamood's

raffan

Mrnftr,King feffion

ifiuTeceived,

it

in the

appointment of Bud:ufin to the regency of

was returned

of the

^ the empire

territories
j

faithful

him

for anfwer, that he

of Balich,

friends.

was already

in pof-

Turmuz, and Herat, which

and that there was a

Bochara among her

been a

to

Clio'r-

held

neceffity to divide the favours

Budufin,

it

was

alfo

of

infmaated, had

and good fervant.

But

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

But Sultan Mamood, not difcouraged by

Jemmavi with

"HafTen

which had flowed

be polluted with the

aflies

Abul

this anfwer, Tent

rich prefents to the court of Bochara,

letter in the following termsV'

friendfhip

ce

That he hoped

and a

the pure fpring of

time of his father fhould not

in the

A. D. 99$.

now

of indignity, nor he himfelf reduced to the

neceffity of diverting himfelf

of that obedience which he had hitherto

paid to the imperial family of Samania."

When Abul HafTen delivered his embaily, his capacity and elocution
appeared fo great to the Emperor, that defirous to gain
his intereft by any means,

he bribed him

at laft

Mamood.

Sultan

having received information of this tranfadlion, through

neceffity turned his face towards

of his intention abandoned the

of his

over to

with the honours of

the Vizarit *, but never returned an anfwer to

Mamood

him

fituation.

Nefhapoor

and Bu(ftufm advifed

and fent the Emperor intelligence

city,

Amir Munfur, upon

this,

exalted the imperial

^a"" between

Mamoot! and

ftandard, and

in the raflinefs

Avards Chorraffan,

tan

and halted not

MamooJ, though he

well

condition to oppofe him,

Samania wrought

of inexperienced youth, haflened to-

fo

till

knew

he arrived

that

at

Sirchus.

Amir Munfur was

Sul-

Munfur.
^^'^i- :'

ho

iri

yet gratitude to the imperial family of

much upon

his

mind, that afliamed of meafur-

fst'i*^

ing fpears with his Lord, he evacuated the country of Nefl^apoor,

and marched

to

Murghab.

Eudufin

in

the

mean time

treacheroafly

entered into a confederacy with Facck, and forming a confpiracy in

the
..fCind

camp of Amir Munfur,

cruelly put out his eyes.

feized

upon the pcrfon of that prince, The eyes

Abdul,

11
the younger brother of Munfur,
r n

out by
^^"^'^

who was

"bat a boy,

was advanced by the

traitors to the throne.

Being however afraid of the refentment of Sultan

jr|)irators

Mamood,

the con-

haflened to Murvc, whjther they were purfucd by the Sultan

with^reat expedition.

Finding themfelves, upon their march, hard

of

Munfur put
iiis

56

THE HISTORY OF II1ND05TAN,

^-

^.' 99SHiger. 390.

predcd

'I'hey aic

the

Maaio'^d!"

in the rear

by Maniood,

th^ey halted

fin

and

;;ave

Facck carried

off the

was not heard of

for

young

fick,

Chan

feizing

fome time, but

Thus

upon

Faeck

in the

the opportunity

offered
to

him by

mean
Elich
event,

that

Bochara, and rooted Abdul

the empire and the

of-

to

foil

of hfe.

the profperlty of the houfe of Samania, which had continued

One hundred and twenty-feven years to illuminate

for the fpacc of

charaextir^^"

way

and foon went iiUo the regions of death.

Mallick and his adherents, out;

royal

Mamood.

^^ultan

length he found his

at

marched with an army from KaHigar

The

fo that

king, and fled to Bochara, and Bu6lufin

Faeck, and begun to collet his fcattered troops..

fell

But

battle.

of ingratitude had darkened the face of their fortune,

^thc gales of vidory blew upon the ftandards of

time

bim

the firmament of empire,

Sultan

Mamood

ever in darknefs.

fet for

employed himfelf in

at this juncture,

fettling the

government of the countries of Baliph and Chorraflan, which he

re-

gulated in fuch a manner, as to exalt the voice of his fame fo high,

that

it

reached the ears of the Calipha of Bagdat, Al Kadir Billa

The

Abbaffi.

beftowed on

before
titles

Calipha fent

of

Amin

ul

any King,

month

ninety, the Sultan haftened

many

to^H^ndoftan"
-

Chelat *, fuch as he had never

and dignified
ul

Dowla

Mamood

with the

-f.

Zicada, in the year three hundred and

from Balich

to Herat,

and from Herat to

where he defeated Chiliph ben Amid the governor of Bochara,

and returned to Ghizni.

Mamood's

a rich

Muluck Emin

In the end of the

Seiftan,

him

forts

He

and countries

then turned his face to Hindoflan,

;

in

which having

fettled

his

own

governors, he again returned to his dominions, where he fpread the

carpet of juftice fo fmoothly upon

the face of the earth, that the

love of him, and loyalty gained place in every heart.

Having

at

the

*
* Chelat
t

The

fignifies

an honorary drefs.

proteftor of the ftate, and the treafurer of fortune.

fame

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fame time

a treaty

fet

in prefs-nts of great vakie

Sultan

Mamood

and the

made an ample

return

and greatefb

ftrifled friend(hip,

time fubfifted between the Kings.

having made avow, that

he (hould be

if ever

own

hlefled with tranquillity in his

arms

againft the

woo.

on foot with Elich Chan, he had the province

xjfMavir'ul Nere ceded to him, for which he

familiarity, for a long

57

idolators

o!"

dominions, he would turn his

marched

Hindoftan,

His record expfdit.on lo

Hindoiian.

in the year three

hundred and ninety-one from Ghizni, with ten thoufand of his chofen
horfe, and

came

to Pefliawir,

where Jeipal

l,

with tv/elve thoufand

horfe and thirty thoufand foot, fupported by three hundred chainelephants, oppofed

three

hundred

battle

enfued,

with

fifteen

him on Saturday

and
in

the eighth of Mohirrim, in the

ninety-fecond

which, Sultan

Mamood was

obftinate

victorious; Jeipal,

of his principal friends, was taken prifbner, and

five

Mamood in

this

thoufand of his troops lay dead upon the

field.

fame and wealth,

action acquired great

for

Sultan

jeipalde[a^g^'l'*'^^

round the neck of Jeipal

only, were found fixteen ftrings of jewels, each of

at

An

of the Higera.

which was valued

one hundred and eighty thoufand rupees.

After this vidory, the Sultan marched from Pefhawir,

vefting the fort of Bitinda, reduced

upon the payment of

tribute,

a large

returned to Ghizni.

it,

and releafing his prifoners

ranfom and
It

was

and in-

a ftipulation

in thofe ages

of an annual

cuftom of the

Hindoos, that whatever Raja was twice worfted by the Muffulmen>

ftould be, by that difgrace,
J.eipal in

compliance

to this

rendered unfit for further

command.

cuftom, having raifed his fon to the go-

vernment, ordered a funeral pile to be prepared, upon which he

crificed himfelf to his

fa-

Gods.

In the Mohirrim of the year three hundred and ninety-three,

^lamood

again

+ Raja of

VpL.

I.

Theder.th of

marched

into

Seiftan,

and brought Chiliph,

who

Lahore.
I

had

Marnood's
tioa

trfndia.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

/N.

IX vco:.

had mifbchnved in his government, prifoner to Ghizni.

from Hindoftan had not been paid

that the tribute

in the year three

he direded his march towards the

Jvundred ninety-five,

Battea

and leaving the boundaries of Moultan, arrived

which was

fortified

who

[Jachera,

nioleftcd the

at

city

of

Tahera,

with an exceeding high wall, and a deep' broad

Tahera wa?

ditch.

Finding*

had,

in

the

Mahommedan

Raja, called

of i|ower and wealth,

pride

governors,

Bachera had

blidied in Hindoftan.

by

governed

time

that

at

whom

greatly

the Si.ltan had efla-

alio refufed to

pay his proportion

of the tribute to Annindpal, the fon of Jeipal, of

whom

he held

his authority.

When

S^ukan

drew out

his

Mamood

troops

entered the territories of this Raja, he

to receive

pofts,

continued to engage the

days

in

which time, they

him, and taking pofTeffion of ftrong

Mahommedans

fuffered fo

point of abandoning the attack

Manhood fpoke

He

glory.

Gods

repel the

day he had de-

this

Bachera, on his part, invoked

temple, and prepared with his former refolutlon

enemy.

The Mufiulmen

yet returning with frefli

courage, and redoubled rage, the attack was continued

ing,

when

Sultan

Mamood

to-

advanced with great impetu-

but were repulfed with flaughter

ofity,

Sultan

head of his troops, and encouraged them to

at the

concluded with telling them, that

at the

that they w^ere on the

But on the fourth day.

voted himfelf to conqueft or to death.

the

much,

for the fpace of three

turning his face to Caba

aid of the prophet in the prefence of his army.

*'

till

the even-

invoked the

Advance, ad-

vance, cried then the Sultan, our prayers have found favour with

God."

Immediately

a great fhout arofe

Mufiulmen prefTmg forward,

the

enemy

town/'-'
*

to give ground,

J^'"^^

The

holy temple of

as if

among

the hoft, and the

they thirfted for death, obliged

and purfued them to the gates of

orn^Tk,

tlie,

Mccw.
SiJtan

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Sultan

Mamood

having

n^t moming

invefted the pkce, ave or-

make

ders to

<;9

preparations for filling up the ditch; 'Jvhich in a

days was nearly compleated.

its

defence; and accordingly one night, marched out with the

of

The

reft

and took poft in a wood on the banks of the Sind.

Sultan being informed of his retreat, detached part of his

to purfue

Bachera finding he could not long

maintain the town, determined to leave only a fmall garrifon for

his troops,

'cof.:.

M^'icr. 305,
fe^iv? D^ti-ats Ba*

Bachera by

him.

^nd by the moft of

time was deferted by his fortune

this

his friends

he found himfelf furrounded by the

Muffulmen, and he attempted,

in vain, to force

way: Being juft upon the point

his fword againft his breaft,

army

through thsm his

of being taken prifoner, he turned

and the moft of his adherents were

flaughtered in attempting revenge.

Sultan

Mamood

had

in

^^5^^

i^m^

the

mean time taken Tahera by aflault. He found there one hundred

and twenty elephants, many flaves, and rich plunder, and annexing
the

town and

dependencies to his

its

own

dominions, he returned

vittqrious to Ghizni.

In the year three hundred and ninefy-fix, he formed the defien of

re-conquering Moultan,

which had

revolted

from

his obedience.

^^"^"^^

expedi*

tioo into

Shuh Amid Lodi, the regent of Moultan, had formerly paid Ma-

mood
till

and

allegiance,

after

India*

him, his grandfon Abul Fatte Daood,

the expedition againft Raja Bachera,

when he withdrew

his

loyalty.

The

king marched in the beginning of the

fpring,'

with a great

army from Ghizni, and was met

pal, in the hills

by Annindpal, the fon of Jeiof Pefliawir, whom he defeated and obliged to fly

into Cafhmire.

Annindpal had entered into an

Fatte, and as there were

two

dans could enter Moultan,

fecure that by the

palles only,

alliance

by which the

Mahomme-

Annindpal had taken upon

way of Pefhawir, which

I

Sultan

with Abul

hixnfelf to

Mamood

chanced
to

nin^pS,
i^!^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

6o
A. D. 10C5. to take^
Uiger. 396.

The 'Sultan returnin? from the purfuit, entered Moultan..

way of Belinda, which was his firft intention. When Abul
.

by the

Fatte received intelligence of the fate of Annindpal,

felf too

weak

places,

and fubmifiivcly

to

keep the

field,

he

thinking

himfelf up in his

(liut

him-

fortified:

folicited forgivenefs for his faults, promifed'

to pay a great tribute, and for the future, to obey implicitly the Sul-

Mamood

commands.

tan's

him

received

and

again as a fubjedt,

when news was brought to him from?

who commanded at Herat, that Elich Chan had in-

prepared to return to Ghizni,

ArfiUa Hajib,

The

vaded his government with an army.

the

affairs

Sultan haftened to

of Hindoflan, which he put into the hands of Shockpal,

an Hindoo prince,

who had

Abu

been with

Ali Sumjure in Pcfliawir,..

and had turned Muffulman by the name of Zab

Mirunderftanding be-

tween Mamood and

Eiich Chan,

The
thefe:

had

particulars of the

We

Jiave already
^

fubfiiled

Sultan

between

Mamood.

The

war of

Mamood

Sais.

with Elich Chan

mentioned that an uncommon

Chan,

Elich

this

are-

friendfliip;

King of Kafhgar,

and'

Sultan himfelf was married to the daughter

of Elich- Chan, but fome factious

men

mrfreprefentations of the

to

princes

fornier friendOiip into enmity.

who invades

fettle-

about the two court?, by

one another, changed

When

Sultan

Mamood

their

therefore

marched

to Hindoflan, and

de.Qitute

of troops, Elich Chan took that opportunity, and refolved;

had

left

the fields of Chorraffan almoft

CliorralTan.

To

to .appropriate that province to himfelf.

he ordered his chief general

Chorraffan

command

and

Jaflier

Sipiftagi,

accomplifli his defign>

with a great force, to enter

Tighi, at the fame time, was appointed to

in the territory of Balich.

Arfilla Hajib, the governor of-

Herat, being informed of thefe motions, haftened to Ghizni, that

he might fecure the

capital.

In the

raffan finding themfelves deferted,

mean

time, the chiefs of Chor-

and being in no condition to oppofe

the fneray, fubmitted themfelyes to Sipiftagi.

j,,,

But

THE HISTOP.Y OF HINDOSTAN.

6\

Mamood

having by great marches reached Ghizni, he A. I>, ico6.

y
Higer. 3^7with his army towards Balich. Mamood
torrent,
-poured onward Hke a

But Sultan

jTi

Jaffier Tighi,

fl^d

towards

Arfilla

Hajib with a great part of his army, to drive Sipiftagi out of

and he

Chorrafian

upon the approach of the troops of Ghizni,

alfo,

abandoned Herat, and marched towards Mavir

Chan

Elich
tiie

who marched

Kudir Chan,

Strengthened

horfe.

with the confederate armies, the

crofTed,
five

'

thoufand

fifty

Nere.

ul

feeing the bad ftate of his afFaTfsV foteireSi'tfii 4i[)"'of

King of Chutun

with

by

The

Mamood.

he

alliance,

this

Gion,

river

him

join

to

-f-

which was

pharfangs from Balich, and oppofed himfelf to the

Sultan

Pitches

who had by this time pofTefled himfelf of the place, againiuim.

Turmuz at his approach. The Suhan then detached

Sultan immediately drew up his

camp of
army

in

command of the center to his brother

AmirNifir, fupported by Abu Nifir Faioon, regent of Gorgan, and
by .Abdulla Jai, a chief, of reputation in arms. The right wing he
order of battle, giving the

to the care of Alta Safh,

committed
while the

left

was the charge of

The

Afghans.

front

chain-elephants,

of

with

his line

an old experienced officeiv

he ftrengthened with

behind them, to

intervals

Omrah

an

Arfilla Hajib,

five

of the

hundred

facilitate their re--

treat.

Chan

Elich

and

right,

pofted himfelf in

Jaffier

charge.

The

clafhing

of arms

obfcured

the

blown up by
with blood.

Tighi the

fliouts

face

left.

The

armies advanced

rent

the ears

of day.
j

The

of the firmament
flame of

war

and the clay of the

fountains of

life

The

the Ccmcs

while

was

field

""

the

^hrn"**

at

dufl

once,

was tempered

'

Oxus.

to bat^'"^'^

to

were opened by the edge of the

fword, and the fliarp point of the deathful fpeaf.'"

led

of warriors, the neighing of horfes, and the

a ftorm of rage

The

Chan

the center, Kudir

Elich

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

6i
A.

loo^.

Elich

Mamood's army, and was bufy

order into the center of Sultan

the

fquadrons, threw dil-

Chan advancin? with fome chofen

affairs

Mamood

of death.

in

perceived his progrefs, leaped from

his horfe, and killing the ground, invoked the aid of the Almigl\ty.

Heinftantly mounted an elephant of war, encouraged his troops, and

made

a violent allauU

The

upon EHch Chan.

elephant feizing the

him

ftandard-bearer of the enemy, folded round

and

his trunk,

toffed

him aloft into the (ky. He then prefied forward like a mountain
moved from its place by an earthquake, and trod the enemy like
under his

cufls

When the
his

way

relo-

feet.

Mamood

troops of Sultan

faw their King forcing thus

alone through the enemy's ranks, "they rufhed on with head-

long impetuofity, and drove the enemy with great daughter before

them.
who

Is totdfy
overthrown.

Elich

Chan abandoned by

He

f^^e to flight.

crolJed

fortune and his army, turned his

the river with a few of his furvlvin?

friends, never afterv^'ards appearing in the field to difpute glory

Mamood.

Sultan
[^rh-i

-J

The

'11

Sultan after this vidory propofed to purfue

was thought unadvifeable by

mency of

the feafon,

capable of motion

marched two days

it

his generals,

duTref!"

The

But the king was

after the

to be kindled

lie in

pofitive in his refolution,

runaways.

much

the fnow.

around his

enemy, which

being then winter, and the troops hardly

king's tents were with

^^^^ obliged to

th'e

on account of the incle-

On

tents,

Mamood

in the defart.

army

difficulty pitched, v*'hile the

Mamood

having ordered great

they became fj

warm,

the courtiers began to turn off their upper garments

whofe name was Dilk, came

and

the third night, a great

florm of wind and fnow overtook the army of

Mamood's

with

that

when

fires

many of

a facetious

The
King obferving him, faid, GooutDilk, and talUhe Winter that he may
burft his (;heeks with bluftering, for here we value not his refent-

chief,

in

Hiivering with

cold.

ment.

HIN0OSTAN.

THE HISTORY

63

Di)k went out accordingly, and returning in a

rnent.

"

ground, and thus prefented his addrefs.

kiiTed the

(liort time,

'007

have de-

Facetious an-

Hvered the Sultan's meflage to Winter, but the furly feafon replies,
that if his hands cannot tear the fkirts of the

he will

ants, yet

fo

King and

fmlled at this reply, but

morning feme hundreds of men and

periflied

with the cold.

Mamood

from Hindoftan, that Zab

Sais

The

appointed by the King,

In

the

take*

front,

in

had thrown

from

to have^^'^'

and

off his allegiance,

all

the officers

who had

refpedive departments.

their

who coming

defeated him, and brought

him

He

The King

and kept Zab

having thus fettled his

to

in the

Sais,

The

rebel

the King.

which the Sultan made

a pre-

Sais a prifoner for life.

afHiirs in

Hindoflan, returned

raifes d.lfurb-'

Ghizni, where he remamed for the winter, in peace,

fpring of the year three hundred and ninety-nine,

nmdpal began

to raife dilrurbances

^-""'"^psl

iji

autumn

detached fome part

unexpeftedly upon Zab

prifoner to

fined in four lacks of rupees, of

fent to his treafurer^

in

Moultan,

fo

that

ar.cc

great army, to

corred:

Sultan's intentions,

the Hindoos.

fent ambalTadors

Mamood

fi'th

Annindpal hearing of the

affiflance

of the other Rajas of Hindoflan

tirpation

of

th^e.

-lyiufiiqlmen

where

every
;

who

from Hindofcan,

as

to

requeft

the

confidered the exa

An-

waS" obliged to undertake another expedition into thofe parts, with a:"""

meritorious and^;

political adtio'n.

The
9

Zab

Sultan immediately determined to punifli this revolt, and with

of his cavalry

But

farther.

Mamood

him

rendered

the fame time received advice

at

great expedition, advanced towards India.

was

horfes."

were found

horfes

returning to his former religion, expelled

been

own

prefently

it

and determined him to proceed no

thoughtful,

execute his power to nighton his army, that in

the morning his Majefty fhall be obliged to faddle his

The King

his attend-

f.certoMa-

exptdi

"

ni?TOTlY OF IIINDOSTAN.

^4

Ajnicre,

i't

iaiiiit iua;.

Ugnn,

Kajas of

"I'lic

entered

iiuo

Gualiar,

and colledinp their

confederacy,

DclM

Calllngcr, Kinnoge,

arid

forces,

advanced towards Piinjaab with the greateft army that had been for

fomc hundreds of years

armies

came

feen

one another

in fight of

They remained

upon the

encamped

there

in a great

plain near Pifiiawir.

forty days without adllon

troops of the idolaters daily increafed in number.

by the Gickers and other

who

ed the Muflulmen,

tribes

The two

plains of Hindoftan.

but the

They were joined

with numerous armies, and furround-

fearing a general affault were obliged

to

entrench themfelves.
They

The King

are

having thus fecured himfelf, ordered a thoufand archers

to his front, to endeavour

The

entrenchments.

who

to

provoke the enemy to advance to the

archers accordingly were attacked by the Gickers,

notwithftanding

all

the Sultan could do, purfued the runaways

within the trenches, where a dreadful fcene of flaughter enfued on

both

in

fides,

which

five

the wine of martyrdom.

thoufand Muflulmen in a few minutes drank

The enemy

at

length being flain as

faft as

when on

a fud-

they advfinced, the attack became fainter and fainter,

den the elephant upon which Annindpal rode took fright

of a gun

and turned

*,

the Hindoos

fix

followed the example.

greqt

the iii^ndoos.

days and nights

their flight,

of

by

AbduUa

their

Tai,

thoufand Arabian horfe, and Arfilla Hajib, with ten thou-

fand Turks, Afghans, and Chillages,

This circumftance flruck

to flight.

a panic^ for thinking they were deferted

they immediately

Ibvereign

with

vi^ith

his face

at the report

fo

purfued

that twenty thoufand

enemy

the

Hindoos were

together with the great multitude v/hich

fell

for

two

killed in

on the

field

battle.

Thirty elephants with

King,

who

* According

much

rich plunder

to eftabliil:! the faith,

to

marched

our accounts there were no guns

at

were brought

againfi:

to the

the Hindoos of

this time,

but*

many Eaftern

authors mention them, afcribing the invention to one Lockman.

t

Nagracut,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

down

Nagracut, breaking

There was

65

and fiibverting their temples.

their idols

'oos.

time in the territqry of Nagracut a famous fort

at that

called Bime, which the Sultan inverted, afierhavingdeflroyed thecountry

round with

fire

Bime was

and fword.

by Raja B'me on the top

built

of a deep mountain, and here the Hindoos, on account of its flrength,

had repofited the wealth confecrated

bouring kingdoms;

to their idols in all the neigh-

fo that in this fort there

was

a greater quantity

of gold. Giver, precious ftones and pearls, than had been ever colledled into the royal treafury of any prince

inverted the place with fuch expedition that the

to

throw troops into

it

for its defence,

fon being before carried into the

Thofe within

few days

confirted for

little

folicited to

inclination

be permitted

to capitulate.

Their requert being granted by Mamood, they opened

the gates, and

fell

their faces before

Bime were found

and

With

fet,

this

in the year

forty

maunds of pure gold

filver bullion,

and twenty maunds

filver plate,

two thoufand maunds of

of various jewels

Bime.

and with a few of Bime

taken,

feven hundred thoufand golden dinars, feven

hundred maunds * of gold and

in ingots,

him

and attendants, he immediately entered the place.

his officers

In

upon

which had been collediing from the time of

immenfe

King returned to Ghizni,

magnificent feftival, where he dif-

treafure the

400 prepared

played to the people his wealth in golden thrones, and in other rich

ornaments, in a great plain without the city of Ghizni, and after the
feaft

every individual received a princely prefent.

In the following year the Sultan led his

governor of that country,

troops, oppofed him.
*

The

Vol.

leaft

I.

maund

Mahummud

From morning

ia India

is

a'-out forty

in.

Hindoos had not time

men who having

to the bloody bufinefs of war, in a

Sultan Mamood

the greatert part of the garri-

field.

the mort part of prierts, a race of

The

on earth.

to

army towards Ghor.

The

ben 5uri, with ten thoufand

noon the

fire

of war flamed,
*

pounds avoir dupoife.

ani

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

46
A. D. foog.

and

juftlce

was done

The

to valour on both fides.

Sultan finding that

hJigcr, 4CC.

Ghor defended themfelves in their intrenchments with

fuch obftinacy, commanded his ar my to make a feint of retreating, to.
allure the enemy out of their fortified camp, which accordingly fucThe Ghorans being deceived, purfued the army of Ghizni
ceeded.
the troops of

where the Sultan facing round with

to the plain,

Mamood

re-

them with

great impetuofity and flaughter.

duces Ghor.

brought to the King, but

^^.-^^^^^^j.

poifon,

which he always kept under his

his troops, attacked

MahummudSuri was taken

in his defpair

ring,

he had

takeri.,

and died in a few hours*

His country was annexed to the dominions of Ghizni.

Some

its

hiftoriaos affirm, that neither the fovereigns of

inhabitants were Muffulmen,

of good credit afTure

us,

till

Ghor, nor,

after this vidory, whilft others

that they were converted

many

years before^,

even fo early as the time of Ali.

Mamood

in the

fame year was under the

again into Moultan,

Hisfixthcxin^ia!"

which had

neceffity

of marching

revolted, but having foon reduced

and cut off a great number of the

chiefs,

prifoner to Ghizni, and confined

him

he brought Daood ben Nazir,

in the fort- of

Gorci for

In the year 402, the pafTion of war fermenting in the

Mamood, he

refolved

of Hindoflan,

was held

ir^

MulTulmen

It

that there they had fet

whom

up a whole

they called Jug

when

as

Soom;

Mecca was by the

tribe of rich idolsj,

that this

Jug

Soorrt

yet the world exifted not.

the Sultan reached the country of Punjaab^ he wanted that

according to the'treaty that fubfifted between

bs Hiould not -be. diilurbed

*>

mind of

had reached the ears of the King, that Tannafar

they pretended to fay exifted

When

life.

upon the conqueft of Tannafar*in the kingdom

the fame veneration by idolaters, as

the principal of

itj;

.city-

in his

him and Annindpal,

march through that country.

He

fourteen crores to the Weft ofDldhi.

accordingljjip

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

accordingly fent an embaffy to Annindpal,

him

intentions, and defiring

advifing

6;^

him of

his

^.-l^-

'o"-

to fend guards for the protection of his Sendi an am>-

towns and villages, which he would take care (hould not be molefted

Annindpal.

by the followers of his camp.

Annindpal agreed to

ment

and prepared an entertain-

this propofal,

of the King, iffuing out an order for

for the reception

his

all

camp with every neceffary of life. He

brother with two thoufand horfe to meet

fubjedls to fupply the Sultan's

mean time

in the

fent his

who

the King and deliver this embalTy to thofe

That he was the

fubjedl

and

flave

of the King

approached the throne

permiffion to acquamt his majelty that

_
^
Tannalar

but that he begged

place of worfliip of the inhabitants of that country

v-irtue

required by the religion of

Mamood

Annindpal's
reqiieit to

was the principal Mamood,

that if

was a

it

to deftroy the religion

others, he had already acquitted himfelf of that duty to his

of

God, in

the deftrudion of the temple of Nagracut. But if he fhould be pleafed

to alter his refolution againft Tannafar,
that the

paid to

amount of the revenues of

Mamood,

befides he,

on his

Annindpal would undertake

that country fhould be annually

to reimburfe the expence of his expedition

own

part,

would prefent him with

fifty

that

elephants

and jewels to a conliderable amount."

The King

replied,

**

That

eftablifhed tenet, that the

and the more

idolatry,

fore

it

the

in

MufTulman

religion

more the glory of the prophet was

was an

exalted,

his followers exerted themfelves in the fubverfion

the greater would be their reward in heaven.

was

it

his firm

with the

refolution,

affiftance

That

of

there-

of God, to root

out the abominable worfliip of idols from the face of the country of

Hindoftan.

When

this

Why

then fliculd he fpare Tannafar

news reached the Raja of Delhi, he prepared

the invaders, fending mefiengers

all

to

oppofe

over Hindoftan to acquaint the"

Raja

is

r^fufcd^

^
iii^r*-2

THE HISTORY OF PHNDOSTAN.

R'li^s that Sultan

Mamood, without any

marching with an innumerable army

under his immediate protedion

to deftroy Tannafar,

which was

mound was

not expe-

that if a

the country of Hindoftarr

ditioufly raifed againft this roaring torrent,

would be foon overwhelmed

up

that therefore

it

and the

in ruin,

was advifeable

for

tree

them

Tannafvir, to oppofe with united flrength the

Tannafar

Mamood

But Sultan
meafures for

its

his ornaments.

body

Soom

Pie then ordered his head to be ftruck

According

there

was

temples which, weighed four hundred and

gafdtAnnind-

Mamood,

after thefe tranfa6bions at

wliich he alfo took, and wanted

But

his councillors told

{hip of Delhi,
fulrrian

till

him

that

it

the

and his

off,

to the account

ruby found in one,o|

of
t^e-

mifkal *.

fifty

Tannafar, proceeded to Delhi,

much

he had entirely

The King

down

to

annex

it

was impolEble

fubjecfted

to his dominions.
to keep, the

Raja-

Moultan under thaMuf-

government,^ and exterminated the power and family, of

nindpal.

'

impending danger,

where he was foon ftripped of

to Ghizni,

Hadge Mahumud of Kandahar,

Mamood'i-^

to join their forces at

reached Tannafar before they could take any

thrown on the highway.

to be

of profperity rooted

defence, plundered the city and broke

fending Jug

idols,

was

reafon or provocation,

approved of this council,

An-

and he immediately

determined to proceed no farther againft that country

averted by

accomplIQicd the redudlion of Moultan and Annindpal.

il^t^prince?

princc behaved with fo

till

he had

But that

much policy and hofpitality that he changed

the purpofe of the King, who returned to Ghizni.: He brought to
Ghizni forty thoufand captives and much wealth, fo that that city
cpuld
*

of.jhis

now be
mifkal

ruby

is

is

hardly diftingulftied in

thirty-fix rutty,

and

riches

from Hindoftan

itfel/t.

a rutty feven eighths of a caratj fo that the flz^^.i

too improbable, to deferve any credit,;

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The

Hiftory of the Reign of Sultan

Year 40^ to

his

Death

6g

V.

Mamood, from

in the

the

Year 419.
Arfilla Hajib,

the 403d year of the Higerah, the general of

INgovernor
of Herat, conquered the country of

and

Girgiftan,

brought Shar ul
Sultan

Mamood

ruler of that province, prifoner to Ghizni.

Nifier,
at this

time

virrote to

Calipha Abaffi

Kadir

al

"ftp

The

'^ftiight fall

The

upon

his other

CalipH,

his Caliph.

his governors to give

and that he hoped he would order

the remainder.

Billa, Mamood's
r- embaflytothe

kingdom of ChorafTan was under

Hiat the greateft part of the

'jurifdidtion,

a. D. lorz.

^^'^"*

power which

fearing his great

dominions, confented to this demand.

Sultan, in the year 404,

drew

his

army

the fort of HisTeventh

againft

expedition

Nindoona, which

is

lituated

upon the mountains of Belnat, and was

in the poffeffion of the Raja of Lahore.

Annindpal by

dead, and his fon had acceded to his government.

for that

When

time was

Pitterugepal,

was the new Raja's name, faw that he could not ftand againft

the Sultan in the

field,

he drew off

his

army towards Ca{hmire,

leaving a good garrifon for the defence of the place.

immediately inverted
affiduoufiy

it,

and with mining and other

employed himfelf;

feeing. his walls in ruins

tulate.

this

The

fo that in a

was under the

The

arts

Sultan

of attack,

few weeks the governor

neceffity of

begging to capi--

Sultan granted his requefl, took every thing, of value

out of the place, appointed a governor, and

fet

out without delay for;

Ca{hmire, upon which Pitterugepal abandoned that province and

fkd to

the. hills.

The

Sultan plundered the country, in

found great wealth, and having. forced the inhabitants

to

which he

acknowledge^

the prophet, returned with the fpoil to his capitaL

Mamood,;

into India.^,
-

THE HISTORY OF ^l^Df^^T^p^

yo
A. D. 1015.
Iliger.

Mamood,

in the vear

Caflimire,

to piinifli

Returns to

406, returned with an army to

'

4c6.

the revolted chiefs, and

was Lokote, vry famous

for

its

abandon

feafon,

of thofe forts

for not being able to reduce

On

and return toGhizni.

by his guides, apd

aftray

firll

it, all

he was obliged, on the approach of winter, to

his enterprize,

was led

which he

forts

heighth and ftrength, which entirely

defeated the Sultan's utmofl efforts

fummer

fome

The

redu ed in his former expedition.

Jiad not

tlie

to befiege

his

into an

fell

way home he

extenfive raoraf^

covered with water, from which he, for feveral days, could not extricate

army,

his

many of

fo that

Abul Abas Mamoo,

his troops peridied

AbulAlsas,
Sultan of
Chnrizm. de

tah

mood's nner

the match, and fent her to

111

Mamood,

to affc his

filler

put

marched

Mamood

arrived at Hifferbund,
to

againft

rifing
fell

into

in

hands, and was

this difafter^^

when he

and,

detachment.

this

When

Tafli, the

detachment from a

and making a great flaughter, put them to

Sultan having received intelligence of this

them with

ported

their

In

Abas Cha-

camp, Himar

their

general of the Charizmians, ruflied upon

The

defire.

Abiil

having had advice of

advance before him with

neighbouring wood,

his

to

on the frontiers of that country, he ordered

the MufTulmen were at prayers

flight.

to

and from thence to Charizm,

to Balich,

Mahummud Tai

Mamo'od cOnfented

Charizm according

tnhs of plunderers

Saltan

to death.

of the fame year, wrote to Sul-

marriage,

in

rizm Shaw, and defeating him, he

Isputtodeath.

occafion.

marriage.

^^^^

in the courfe

upon that

feveral fquadrons

of his heft horfe.

affair,

fup-

The runaways

deriving courage from this reinforcement, returned to the charge,

routed the enemy, and took their chief prifoner,

whom

they carried

before the King.

Whkh

is

re-

Mamood.^

Mamood

advancing to the fort of Hazar Afp, perceived the troops

of Charizm prepared to receive him in the

were foon defeated,

before

it

But they

their general, Abiflagi Bochari, taken prifoner,

and the murderer of Abul Abas met the

'

field

jufl

vengeance due to his

crime.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The

crime.

71

Sultan fpent fome time in regulating the government) A.D.

ioi6i
Higer. 407,

which he beflovved upon Amir Hajib,

Shaw

He annexed

Returning
his fon

Mamood

gave

mud, under the

government of Herat,

the

Amir Mufaood, appointing Aba

Abu

care of

After the

Bicker.

Amir Mahumfettlement of

final

army were

the affairs of Charizm, the Ghiznian

to

Sul his vizier, and the govern-

conferred upon his younger fon

ment of Gurgan he

of Charizm

title

government the province of Orgunge.

alfo to his

to Balich,

with the

canton(ed^,^^jt)|^^

winter, at Balich.

In the beginning of the year 409, as foon as the fun began

Mamood, with

awake the children of the

fpring, Sultan

thoufand chofen

and thirty thoufand

horfe,

hundred

ralfed

foot,

countries of Turkiftan, Maverulnere, ChorrafTan, and

to Mamood^s

in

dit-.onin^lfij;^-

the

-BMebrjcm

the adjacent

expedition againft; Kinnoge, which, from

provinces, undertook an

the time of Guftafp to this period, had not been vifited by any-

Kinnoge was

foreign

enemy.

ijiarch,

and feven great

mood

rivers

from Ghizni three months

diftant

reached the confines of Ca/hmire, the Raja fent

of every thing curious and valuable in

difficulty,

had conduced

to

He there faw
which,

equal.

The

who

Kinnoge
a city

When

Itrength

which

raifed

Raja of this rich

affefted great

pomp

the Sultan, with

all

oppofition before himV.

-f.

ino
and Itruaure,

prefents

army through the mountains, he

of HindoQan, drove-

entered the plains

and advanced

his

him

country, and waited to

his

have the honour of exprefiing his loyalty.

much

When Ma-

rufhed acrofs the way.

head to the firmament, and

its

might

city,

n^

juftly

Thegreatcitjr/

ofKinnoge

boaft

to

have no

fubmits.

whofe name was Korrah, and

and fplendor, being thus unexpeftedly in-

vaded, had not had time to put himfelf in a pofture of defence, or to

colled his troops together.

Terrified by the great force,

and war-

like appearance of the SultarJi he,, in his embarraffment, refolved to

f Mamood's route

lay

entered Hindoftan by the

through the mountains behind CaHimire

way

c Tibet.

and he muft have

'^^'^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

71

accordingly went out, with his family,

to the

camp, where he fubmittcd himfelf to the mercy of the King.

Some

P^2c^'

fiiwr'^oo'

authors relate, that he even turned MulTulman, or true believer.

Mtmojd

ad.

vances to-

wards Mcrat

Tlic Sultan tarried in Ki4ino?e

three nights,
and then turned
o only
o
^
his face towards Merat, the Raja of which place, by name Hirdit, re,

treated with

tkei,

liis

army, leaving only a garrifon, which was obliged

to capitulate in

thoufand rupees, and

fifty

The

few days.

elephants, to be paid by the

fifty

The

befides the plunder of the city.

invefl:

were two hundred and

termiS

Raja,

Sultan marched from thence to

now

the fort of Mavin, upon the banks of the river Gihon,

called the

The

Jumna.

Raja of Mavin coming forth to make his

fubmiflion, at the head of his troops, a quarrel accidentally enfued

between fome

foldiers,

and immediately the adtion became general.

Calchunder the Raja, and moft of his troops, being driven into the
river,

having difpatched them,

fpoil,

upon

that,

his

fome

at

broke

He

trea-

had here

refreflied

diftance,

it,

down

troops,

there

KilTen Bafdeo,

to

The

was

whom

filver,

all

which

he was given to
rich city, called
in

buildings

it

little

and

march

Sultan directed his

with very

or burnt

immenfe quantity of gold and

moftly made.

much

feventy elephants of war.

g^tent Yielded to none in Hindoftan.

He

The

himfelf.

among which were

Muttra, * confecrated

plunder.

ua.

defpair

and rich

the troops of the Raja of Delhi, to

fpoil

in

fure

towards the place, and entering

Great

it

immediately furrendered, where the conqueror found

underftand,

takes Muttra.

turned

wife and children, and

fort

When Mamood
Marches
againft and

own

he drew his fword againft his

oppofition from

belonged, gave

it

up

to

the idols, and amalled an

of which thofe figures were

intended to deftroy the temples, but he found

that the labour exceeded his capacity; while

fome

* Muttra ftands upon the Jumna 36 miles above Agra, and

fay that

.is ftill

he was-

very confider-

able city.

^urncJ

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

73

purpofe, by the admirable beauty and ftrudure ofA. D. 1018.

turned from his ^
^
^
^
Higer. 409.
He, it is certain, extravagantly extolled the noble
thofe edifices.

beauty of the buildings and

city,

in a letter to the

Omrahs of Ghiz-'

after this conqueft.

ni,

It

is

faid that the Sultan

found in Muttra

five great

gold, with eyes of rubies, each of w^hich eyes

fand dinars.

Upon

four hundred milkal

worth

v^^ere

another idol, he found a

idols

of pure

fifty

fapphire, weighing

and the image being melted down, produced

ninety-eight thoufand three hundred mifkal of pure gold.

thefe, there

were above a hundred

hundred camels with

twenty days,

what

in

fuffered

it

idols

The

bullion.

which time the

Befides

which loaded a

having tarried here

from

befides

he marched

defolation,

difi:rfd:s,

fire,

fome of which he

into the hands of his chiefs.

of thofe forts called Munge, held out twenty-five days, being

ofRajaputs

fome

fell

filver,

city fuffered greatly

from the hand of ravage and

took himfelf, while others

full

of

Sultan,

againft the other fortified places in thefe

One

thou-

rufiied

but

when

they found the place no longer tenable,

through the breaches among the enemy and met that

death which they no longer endeavoured to avoid.

themfelves headlong from the walls, and

Some threw

were dafhed

to pieces,

while others burnt themfelves in their houfes, with their wives and
children

fo

that

not one of the garrifon furvived this

fatal cata-

ftrophe.

The

Sultan having fecured

Chundpal.

what was

But Chundpal, for that

valuable, inverted the fort

alfo

was the

Raja's

of

name, had

fentoftall his treafure to the mountains, and at the approach of the

King, evacuated the place.

fpoil

There however

fiill

remained

much

and provifjons which the Sultan divided among his troops.

Vol.

I.

Maniood

Man^etaken,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

74

immediately march'd

^^'ii^ood

againft

proud and imperious-

?l'i^^*o?'

M.imood

Raja, whofe

agaiiiftjur.-

nndmg

name was Jundroy.

had an elephant of

moft

been feen in Hindoflan

uncommon

fize,

much of

this elephant,

The

fum of money

Mamood, with

the Muffulmen, fo that

for his enor-

Sultan having

fent to the Raja, offering

But the obftinacy of Jundroy would never

Jundroy

fuch as had never before

nor was he more remarkable

tageous terms of peace, and a great

The

flcirmiflies,-

mountains.

to the

fled alfo

bulk, than for his docility and courage.

heard

feme

after

himlelt unable to cope with the King, fent off his treafure,

and other valuable effcds, and

mous

This Raja,

liften

regret,

to

him advan-

for this animal.

any terms with

was obliged

to defift.

elephant however happened one night to break loofe from, his

keepers, and went into the Sultan's camp, where he permitted

felf to be

mounted and brought before the King, who

with great joy, and named him.

Returns to

The

Saltan, loaded

returned toGhizni
It conftfted

with

The

fpoil,

gift

received him'

of God.

and encumbered with captives,

where he enumerated the

him-

articles

of his plunder.

of twenty million of dirms, fifty-three thoufand captives,,

three hundred and

cious effeds,

fifty

elephants, befides jewels, pearls, and pre-

which could not be properly eftimated.

army

private fpoil of the

lefs

Nor was

the

than that which came into the public,

treafury.

EuilJftheCeleilral

Bride,

The
mofque

Sultan

upon

to be built

his return

to

Ghizni,

of marble and granate, of fuch beauty and ffruc-

ture, as ftruck every beholder

with aftonifhment and pleafure.

mofque he afterwards adorned with fuch

liers,

ordered a magnificent;

beautiful carpets, chande-

and other ornaments of filver and gold, that

by the name of the

Celeftial bride.

mofque he founded an

univerfity,

In the

it

became known

neighbourhood of

which he furnifhed with

ledlion of curious books, in various languages,

This

this

a vaft col-

and with natural and

artificial

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

artificial curiofities.

appropriated a fufficient fund for the main-^;.^^

tenance of the ftudents,

youth in the

inftrudl the

When

Higer. 409.

men who were

and learned
fciences.

upon

in the

magnificence of their private palaces,

which they

in a

lliort

raifed

fpace of time the capital

was

among

was ornamented, with

aquedudts and

the curiofities which the Sultan

which was

a bird, of the fize of a cuckoo,

ticular inftindl or quality, that

Some

with other

curiofities,

Al Kadir

fly

than that

it

We, however,
Mamood, and the

of this par-

affedted

diftradedly about his cage,

believe, that

This

bird,

this

fiory

rofe

credulity of mankind, rather

had adlually any foundation

a ftone

pofiTefi^ed

fent as a prefent to the Caliph of Bagdat,

Billa Abafli.

from the policy of

mention

was

there

polTefi^ed,

ftreamed involuntarily from his eyes.

tears

authors

which he hung, he was

the fmell in fuch a manner, as to

while the

ciflerns, in

whenever poifon was brought, how-

ever fecretly, into the apartment in

with

:her,

well as in public

as

a degree fuperior to any city at that time in the eaft.

that

Magnin'-ence

the embelliHiment of the city.

for,

mofques, porches, fountains, refervoirs,

affirm,

King began

architecture, they alfo endeavoured to outvie each

to run

Thus

appointed to

the nobility of Ghizni faw that the tafte of their

buildings,

75

Other authors

in truth.

which he brought from Hindofi:an,

This ftone being dipped in water, and applied to

as a great curiofity.

wound, proved a

powerful and efficacious remedy.

The

Sultan, in the year 410, ordered a writing of vidlories * to

be made out, which he fent to the Caliph,

read to the people of Bagdat,
fion,

to

exprefs

now begun

to

his

joy

making

who

ordered

a great feftival

it

to becaiiph.

upon the occa-

for the propagation of the faith,

which

be fpread over almofi: the whole face of the earth.

* This was an account of Mamood's wars

in verfc,

In

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

76
A. D.

,r>ii.

In the year 41

Ihgcr. 412.

Mamood was

prefented with a petition from

^

lubjedts, fetting forth,

many

years,

fliut

fome

that

up the roads

'

tribes

to

of the wild Arabs had, for

Mecca,

fo that,

and on account of the weaknefs of the Caliph,

pel them,
Sends aeonvov with the
pilgrims to

The

cathla.

But

-f-

left

Accordingly

many

When they

1^

procure

thoufands of

fafe

Abu Mahumto protect the

camp

journey to the pilgrims.

as far as the defart

in order to receive tliem,

him

five

the propofal, refented

Who defeat
^"
rabi^'^^

The

thoufand dirms.
it

fo

with intention to rob the

much,

that,

The

Abu Mahummud

being

thei-r

Himad

chief,

of accepting

without delay, he advanced

Abu Mahummud, in the mean

receive the robbers, when fortunately,

in the very beginning of the aftion, a

of

chief, inftead

their

Caffila.

time, drew out his troops to

who was

of Ach-

way.

of Arabs, pitched in

defirous of treating with the Arabs, fent a meffage to

offering

he fent

degrees prepared to go to Mecca.

ail

had v\'ound up their way,

drew up

'

the enemy ihould be too ftrong for him,

they beheld a great

banditti,

negleifled to ex-

With a confiderable force,

thirty thoufand dirms, to

tid,

who

Sultan immediately appointed

n
chicf juliice.

liis

them,

for fear of

they had not been able to pay their devotions at the fhrine

of thc prophet.

mud,

hh

Turkifh Have, in the

Caffila,

mafter of the art of archery, lodged an arrow in the brain

ben Ali, the chief

upon the

o:f

the Arabs.

The

bandititi

immedi-

of their chief, turned their face to

flight

and

the Caffila, without further difturbance, proceeded to

Mecca

and

ately

fall

having paid their devotions, returned by the fame way, and arrived
fafe at

Mamood's
tion^Dto^ln'

The

Ghizni.

Sultan received, this year, advices from Hindoftan, that the

neighbouring Raja's had, in his abfence, fallen upon Korrah, the

Raja of Kinnoge, for having entered into an

himfelf under the protedion of the Sultan.
t The Caravan

alliance,

and for putting

Mamood

immediately

of Pilgrims.
*

marched

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

to the aid of his vafTal

marched

before he could arrive.

but

77
Raja

A. D. lozi.
Higer. 412.

Nunda of
flain

drawn

Callinger, had

Raja Kurrah with a great

army upon Kinnoge, and had

many of

Jumna,

Sultan arriving at the river

to the

his

his principal warriors.

The

encamped on the bank oppofite

enemy.

fwam

Seven officers in his armv, without orders,

acrofs the river, Defeats

'

and entering the enemy's camp

in the

fuch a pannick in their troops,

that

ThQ King,

flight.

morning by

they

the^

Hindoos.

furprize, flruck

betook themfelves to

all

notwithftanding their fuccefs, was greatly en-

raged, but paffing with the remainder of his army, he immediately

commenced

the purfuit.

When Nunda came

to the

of his

frontiers

own

dominions, he ^^"i" ^?

halted with his army, andprepared to receive the Sultan with thirty

thoufand horfe, forty

The

ph-ants,

enemy and

five

thoufand foot, and

Sultan, after having

their lituation,

from

hundred and

fifty

Ele-

reconnoitred the flrength of the

rifing

fix

with Raia
'
fix Nunda,

ground, proftrated himfelf

before God, and pray'd that the ftandard of Illamifm might be exalted with glory

determiined to wait for

poinJed

iiis

The

and triumph.

day being far advanced,

which

the morning,

hopes and ambition,

for

the event, difap-

in

Nunda decamp'd

in

the night

with the, utmoft

he

drforder, leavarng bis tents,

^^h^ decamr.
ia the night,

equipage and- baggage

beliind him.

The

Sultan, having next

morning reconnoitred the woods

Ibw grounds around, ordered

his

army

to

march

and'iiol-

into the enemy's

camp, and to lengthen their hands upon the fpoil, which proved to

be very confiderable, befides

which were found

with

fire

in the

five

hundred and eighty Elephants

neighbouring wood.

He

then laid waHe,

and fword, the country, and returned to Ghizni without

profecuting the war any further.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

7S

Mamood
-

pediiijn

scx-

inhabitants of Kiberat and Nardcin, countries

to

K'bcrar,

remained there many days, before he heard that the

^^^^

Hi?^r/4i"-^"

upon the boundaries

*

of Hindoftan, would not acknowledge the MulTulman

continued the worHiip of Lions

Mamood

-f.

faith,

rcfolved to

but

compel

them, and accordingly marched towards their country, taking -with

him

ers,

that he

number of mafons,

great

might there build

carpenters,

fort,

to

and labour-

fmiths,

overawe them

after

his

departure.

uiiich

The Lord

he rc-

of the country of Kiberat, finding

tend to oppofe the Sultan, fubmitted himfelf,

faith of the Prophet.

army,

he coui4 not

pre>-

acknowledging the

Hajib Ali was fent with a divifion of the

which he foon accompillaging the country, and. carrying away many of the peo-

to reduce the country of Nardein,

plilhed,

ple captives.

There

kiipthn!

was a

temple in Nardein which Hajib dertroyed,

brought from thence

which bore

tion,

The

M^ood's
twntoTiuHa!

a ftone,

that

it

was

Ben Kudur.

by the way of Lahore, and

Locoat,

duceT

in

forty thoufand years old.

He

himfelf, in the

in his

march

the province of Caflimire.

whole month,

^^'^

a curious infcrip-

Sultan ordered a fort to be built in that place, and left

the care of Ali

upon which there was

but

finding

it

mean

giving

it

up

to

be fack'd

He

befieged

impregnable,

by

it

under

time, return'd

inverted the ftrong hold of

the place for

he

proceeding to Lahore, entered that city without

fition,

and

his

troops.

and precious effeds, beyond the power of eftimation,

decamped,

much oppoHere wealth,

fell

into their

hands.

The

Divinity

That animal

is

worfliipped under the figure of a Lion by fome of the Hindoos:

teing, in their opinion, a proper

emblem of almighty power and

flrength.

PattUk;

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

79

Patturugepal, the Raja, unable to contend with fo powerful an

Ajmere

adverfary, fled to
ately appointed

Ibnt other

The

and the Sultan immedi-

one of his Qmrahs to the government of Lahore, and

commanders

Mamood

doilan.

for protedlion

the territories of Hin-

diftridts in

to various

himfelf returned in the fpring to Ghizni.

martial difpofltion of

Mamood

could not

reil;

long in peace. Mamood's

eleventh

He

marched again by the way of Lahore,

Higerah, againft

Nunda

"

before that place in a

few

thirty five Elephants

The

to

he ordered

it

to

be befieged

Raja of that province prevailed upon him to

Callinger,

invefted

ex-

pedition to

the Raja of Callinger, with a great army.

Faffing by the fort of Gualier,

the

of the

in the 4i-4th year

days,

by the means of

but

remove from

rich prefents

and

Sultan immediately directed his march

that city,

and Nunda offered him three ^."^"^^

^"^*

raits.

hundred Elephants and other prefents

The

for peace.

Sultan confented to the terms propofed

and the Raja,

to try

the bravery of the Sultan's troops, intoxicated the Elephants withcertain drugs, and

Mamood

let

them

loofe without

feeing the animals advancing,

riders into the

camp

perceived the trick, by the-

wildnefs of their motions, and immediately ordered a party of his

beft horfe to feize,

kill,

and

drive

them from the camp:

Some of

the Turks, emulous to difplay their bravery in the prefence of their

King,

and of both armies, mounted the greateft part of the Ele-

phants, and drove the

rcfi:

into an adjacent

wood, where they were:

foon reduced to obedience.

The enemy, upon feeing the refolution of the Ghiznians, were

much intimidated, and Nunda taking advantage of one of the foibles His panegyof Mamood, fent to him a panegyrick, in the Indian tongue. The '^00^!"^*"
King was much pleafed with this elegant piece of flattery for the
poetry was much admired by the learned men of Hind, Arab, and
;

Agim,

To

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. D. 1024. Aelni,
Higer. ^15.*^

who were

To make

at his court.

return for this compliment,

r

the Sultan conferred the government of fifteen forts upon

with many other curious prefents

ratify'd

The

fbrceir

but the peace was principally

by means of many valuable prefents in jewels and gold, on

Mamood

the part of Nunda.

Mamojd

Nunda,

immediately return'd

Sultan, in the year 415, muftered

them, exxlufive of his garrifons,

to

Ghizni.

He

his forces.

all

found

and thofe upon duty in various

parts of his dominions, to confift of fifty five thoufand chofen horfe,

one thoufand three hundred Elephants, and one hundred thoufand

With

infantry.

he

left at

this force,

excepting a part of the infantry, which

Ghizni, he marched to Balich to expel Ali Tiggi from the

who com-

government of Maverulnere for opprefTing the people,

When

plained of his tyranny to the King.

the chiefs of Maverul-

nere heard that the King had crofs'd the Jagetay, they
prefents to

him,

meet him

at the

Eufuph Kudir

fame time, the compliment of

The

with joy and friendQiip.

the occafion

Cha,n,

and

after

leave of each other,

came with

King of Turkiftan,
a vifit,

and was received

Sultan prepared a great feaft upon

having concluded a treaty, the Monarchs took

making an exchange of princely

prefents.

Ali Tiggi, feizing this opportunity, betook himfelf to flight.

the Sultan fending a party of horfe after him,

fearch, difcovered

and brought

to the

in one of the forts of Hindoftan

Mamood's
iwelfth expedition into

Mamood

who

King,

he was

after a

confined

him

that there

in the province

was

Hindoftan.

Thefe

infidels

went before Sumnat, who

* Bunder

flgnifies a

harbour

long

for life

believe

transferred
This place

is

famous

of Guzerat, near the Bunder *

of Deo, very rich and greatly frequented by devotees from

of

But

while he himfelf returned to Ghizni.

underftood in the fame year,

temple called Sumnat,

paid

that

them
now

fouls,

all

parts

after death,

into other bodies or ani-

called

Dicu,

and

is

in the poHef-

fjoD of the Portiiguefe.

malSj

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

mals, according: to their merits in their former
.

was

informed that the

alfo

of

priefts

God

this

81.

The

ftate.

Sultan ^A-^-

'02 2.
Higer. 413.

gave out, that the

of the people of Delhi and Kinnoge had incenfed him fo much,

fins

that

he abandoned them

to the

vengeance of the MulTulmen, other-

wife that in the twinkling of an eye, he could have blafted the whole

army of Mamood.

The

Sultan,

to put the
ill.

the

power of the God

He therefore marched

was determined

this report,

by perfonally treating him

to a tryal,

from Ghizni with a numerous army, in

month Shaban.

The temple
was

no ways intimidated by

fituated

of Sumnat, which

-f-

gave

name

upon the fhore of the Ocean, and

feen in the diftridls of

ropeans,

alfo

Some

Deo Bunder, under

hiftorians affirm, that

Mecca, where

it

Brahmins deny

this tale,

time of Krifhen,

is

to a great city,

at

time to be

this

fay that

who was concealed

it

''^

gumnTt^'^

the dominion of the Eu-

Sumnat was brought from

flood before the time of the Prophet.

and

Defcription of

flood in

But the

Deo-Bunder fince the

in that place about four thoufand

years ago.

The

Sultan, about the middle of

Moultan, and
that

all

as there

was

Ramzan, reached

a great defart before

his troops fhould provide themfelves

and provifions,

as alfo

him, he gave orders

with

Camels

twenty

When

he had pafTed that

thoufand

with neceffaries

terrible

defart,

ar-

tan!^^

feveral days water

with provender for their horfes,

leaded

the city of Mamood

for

he arrived

he befides
the

army.

at the

city

of Ajmere, and finding that the Raja and inhabitants had aban-

doned the

place,

and that he could not prevail with them to come

and fubmit themfelves, he ordered the

city to be fack'd,

and the adja-

t Portuguefe.

Vol..

I.

cent

Sack* Ajmere,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

92
A. D. 1022.

cent country to be laid vvafte with

HiJer. 413.

fire

But

and fword.

du6tion of the citadel would take up too

much

as the re-

time, he

left it

and

proceeded upon his expedition, and reduced fome fmall forts in the

way by

aflault.

Having then

Arrives at

evacuated at his approach,

beyond that
and

at

another defart prefentcd

Mamood, however,

place.

itfelf to

was a

lofty caftle,

by the

fea.

Upon

upon

th^

King

taking the fame precautions

before, vvithout any remarkable occurrence reached

Sum-

which was

arrived at Narwalla, a city of Guzerat,

Sumnat, which

narrow Peninfula, waflied on three

fides

the battlements of the place there appeared an innumerable

They immediately made a fignal for

and told him, that their Mabood or Idol

multitude of people in arms.

a

Herald to approach,

Sumnat, had drawn the MufTulmen thither,

them

moment and avenge the

The Sultan only fmiledat

in a

dodan.

that as foon as

day, his

which he

af-

In the

deftruftion of the
this vain threat,

might

blaft

Gods of Hin-

and commanded,

the ftreams of light fhould pour from the fpring of

army fhould prepare

moming

for an affault.

Mamood, adattack.
The battle-

the valiant troops of the fublime

vanced to the foot of the walls and began the

ments were

that he

in a fhort

time cleared, by the experience and valour of

the archers, and the daftardly Hindoos,

aftonifhed

and

crouded into the temple, and proftrating themfelves in

difpirited,

teaTS before

the Idol, prayed for affiftance.

Scares
walls.

the

The MnfTulmen

feized

their enemies offered

the opportunity which the devotion of

them, applied

their fcaling ladders,

ing the wall, began to exclaim Alia

t

God

is

Akber

"f .

and mount-

The Hindoos now

greateft.

reduced

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

found they muft fight for themfelves or

reduced to defpair,

they

upon the

and made

their force together,

collc(fled

S3

affailants, that,

pelled the darknefs

till

the moon,

fair bride

abandon

dif-

of night, illuminated

the flames of war were not

The Muflulmen

w^ere at length obliged to

'o-z-

an attack

from the time that the King of day

the court of heaven with paler rays,

quenched with blood.

fo violent

die,

all

wearied out with fatieue*

their advantages,

and

retire

P"'^^^*

to reft.

Next morning the work of death was renewed, but

mounted

the wall, fo faft were

as faft as

they puflied headlong

who weeping had taken

feemed wifhing for death. And thus

they

down by

re-

the^"

fpears of ihe defendants,

leave of their

and now^

the labours of this

day proved more unfuccefsful than the

Repulfed a

God,

firft.

An army

of idolaters, upon the third day, prefented themfelves in The army of

Mamood immediately appg^jlj"'^""*
order of battle in fight of the Sultan's camp.
advanced, with an intention to
fore ordered a party to

to engage the

towards the

enemy

raife the ftege

amufe the befieged, while he himfelf prepared

He

in the field.

idolaters,

of Sumnat, and there-

who

marched

in order of battle

advanced with equal refolution.

The

vvhom he enfire

of adverfe rage immediately illuminated the gleaming field, and

Death

ftalked with fuch execution

Byramdeo and Dabifelima

trembling for his empire, wept.

middle of the
fpired

joined the

them with fuch

in the Sultan's

Mamood
from

a(ftion

his

enemy with

their troops,

in the

and in-

became

vifible

fpreading over his lines,

leapt

courage,

that faintnefs

army.

perceiving

horfe,

his affiftance.

frefti

and power around, that Time,

and

a languor

himfelf before

proftrating

Then mounting with

God,

a noble affurance,

implored

he took Abul
Haflen

gages.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

84
Hi>?r

Chirkant, one of his generals, by the hand, and infpired

'"3?

He

with hope and glory.

him

himfcif advanced upon the enemy, en-

couraging his troops wi:h fuch determined refolution, that afiiamed

to

abandon

their King,

whom

with

they had fo often trod the path

of renown, they with one accord, gave

and

over-

They

forward, as for a prize.

a fhout of vidlory

enemy

bore the

the pomts of their fpears, laying five thoufand of

before

and rufhed

them upon

them dead

at their

feet.

Sum!iat fur-

When the

garrifon of

with confufion and

fight,

and

Sumnat beheld

They withdrew

fear.

iffuing out at a gate

they were ftruck

this defeat,

towards the

hands from the

their
fea,

to the

number of

four thoufand, embarked in boats, intending to proceed to the ifland

of Sirindiep

He

But they did not efcape the eyes of the Sultan.

-f.

upon boats which were left in a neighbouring creek,

and manning them with rowers and fome of his beft troops, purfued
feized

the enemy, taking and finking fome of their boats, while others
efcaped.

Mamood

en-

The Emperor
gates, entered

having placed guards round the walls, and

Sumnat with

When

principal attendants.

fon and a

his

few of

his

at the

Omrahs and

they advanced to the temple, they aw

a great and antique flrufture built of ftone, within a fpacious court.

They immediately

entered

lofty roof fupported

precious flones.

of flone,

five

by

it,

beheld a great fquare

fifty fix pillars,

hall,

having

it's

curioufly turned and fet with

In the center of the hall flood Sumnat, an Idol

yards in heighth,

two of which were funk

in

the

ground.

Deftroys the

iat!^

The

Sultan was enraged

ni^ce, flruck off the nofe

when he faw

from

his face.

this Idol,

He

and raifing his

then ordered that two

t Ceylon.
pieces

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

pieces of this

image fhould be broke

be thrown

tt)

be fcnt

to

ofF,

85

to Ghizni, there

^'j^'/^J!'

the threfhold of the public Mofque, and in the

at

Two

court of his palace.

more fragments he

be fent to

referved to

Mecca and Medina.

When

the Sultan v/as thus employed in breaking up Sumnat, a

croud of Brahmins petitioned his attendants, and offered fome crores*

in gold, if the

King fhould be

Omrahs endeavoured

pleafed to proceed

to perfuade

Mamood

up the

for they faid that breaking

idol

would not remove

would be

believers,

faid was,

fome meafure,

in

idolatry

in charity

The

a very meritorious adtion.

acknowleged, that what they

Sultan

true

fhould he confent to that bargain, he might juflly be called a

of idols

nourable

The

and that he looked upon a breaker of them

title.

He

therefore ordered

them

and

pearls,

of a

what the Brahmins had

It

is

faid,

much

Raja

which

in

who

ei-eded

Sum

we
had

are

told

that

at

this

temple

beftowed, in

territories, for the

Ten

full

of diamonds, ru-

furc.^^^'^"'

than the amount of

this idol is

being the

name

and Nat the true name of the

it,

the language of the Brahmins,

Rajas of Hindoffan

was

offered.

thoufand worfhippers

with their

it

by fome writers, that the name of

the time of eclipfes

fifty

to proceed.

greater value

compound word of Sum and Nat

the

feller

more ho-

as

but

next blow having broke up the belly of Sumnat, which had Findsanim-

been made hollow, they difcovered that

bies,

could ferve no purpofe

it

fum of money, given

to deftroy the image, but that fuch a

among

of the mopey

to accept

from the walls of Sumnat, that therefore

The

no further.

fignifies

a Account of/
of^"''"''^'

God

Creator.

In

there ufed to be forty or

^

all,

maintenance of

and that the different

two thoufand
its prieffs

villa^yes

belides the

millions.

innumerable

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

86
A. D. ro22.
Iligcr.

innumerable prefents received from

parts of the empire.

^

all

413.

It

was a

'
_

cuftom among thofe

idolaters, to wafli

evening,

water from the Ganges, though that river

above

vv'ith

five

Among

hundred crores

is

diftant.

the fpoils of this temple, was a chain of gold weighing

maunds, which hung from the top of the building by

forty
1-t

frefh

Sumnat every morning and

a ring.

fupported a great bell which warned the people to the worlhip of

the

God.

Belides

two thoufand Brahmins, v/ho

officiated as priefts,

there belonged to the temple five hundred dancing girls, three hun-

dred muficians, and three hundred barbers to (have the devotees before they

were admitted

to the prefence of

were either remarkable

girls

Rajas thinking

Sultan

it

for their beauty, or their quality., the

found in

it is

this

light in the temple,

thought, any royal treafury ever contained beit is

related, that

there

was no

but one pendant lamp, which being reflected

from the jewels, fpread

place.

'

temple, a greater quantity of jewels

In the hiftory of Eben Aflur,

fore.

dancing

an honour to have their daughters admitted.

Mamood

and gold, than,

The

Sumnat.

a ftrong

and refulgent light over the whole

Befides the great idol above-mentioned, there were in the

temple fome thoufands of fmall images,

in gold

and

of various

filver,

fhapes and dimenfions.

The emperor
The emperor ^^^^^^^ ^^j^

having fecured the wealth of Sumnat, prepared to

Byram Deo, from whom

the harbour of

having endeavoured to diftrefs

TgaTnOyram T^^^^y ^^r
having given above three thoufand of the

wine of martyrdom.

Eyram Deo,

him during
MufTulmen

after the taking

Deo

takes

the fiege, and

to

drink of the

of Sumnat, had

fled

from Nar walla the

fort

of Gundia, which was forty pharfangs from Sumnat.

capital of Guzerat, and fhut himfelf

without oppofition, arrived before the

fort,

its

and faw that

up

in

the

The king,
it

was

fur-

rounded

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

rounded on

all fides

He

paffable.

fent

by the

Tea,

however

to

which, in every place, appeared im- ^.D.

1022.
Higer. 41 3..

found the depth of the water, and

ceived intelligence, that at one place

but

if

he

fliould be

caught by the

it

was fordable

re.

low water

at

the troops mufl

tide, in his paflage,

inevitably perifli.

The

Sultan having ordered public prayers, and caft his fortune in

the Koran, turned his horfe into the

at the

fea,

'

head of his troops,

r '

f^"^.*^^.^

in his rof t of

Gundia,

and reaching in fafety the oppofite fhore, immediately made an

upon the

aflault

Byram Deo, looking upon

place.

every other confideration,

bit

of a

flave,

a corner.

The

of the

who

troops

preferable to

family and wealth, and, in the ha-

left his

ftealing out

life

fort,

run and concealed himfelf in

defended the place, feeing themfelves

thus {hamefully deferted, were alfo ftruck with fear,

and quitted

which he

The MulTulmen mounted their fcaling

ladders, and commenced a dreadful havock among the unfortunate
flaves, referving the women and children for captivity.
The wealth
their pofts

upon the

walls.

of the Raja was lodged in the treafury of the King.

Mamood
the

foil

of th

being thus viftorious, marched to Narwalla.

.t

place fo fertile, the air fo falubrious

He

found

and pure, and

Narwalla,

the country fo well cultivated and pleafant, that he propofed to take

up

his refidence there for

ferring the

Some
zeratj

and

y-ears,

government of Ghizni upon

to

make

which occafioned Sultan Mamood

now no

country was,

But

to this

traces of thofe
atall times,

it

his capital,

his fon the Sultan

hiftorians relate, that, in that age, there

in that country.

are

fome

oneof the

but

Mufaood.

were goldmines

in

Gu-

to incline to fix his refidence

wecannot well give any

mines

con-

it

is

credit, as there

acknowledged, that the

richeft in Hindollan.

In fupport of

their afifertion, they

however give many inftances of the difappearance

of gold mines, fuch

as that in Seiftan,

which was fwallowed up by an

earthquake^.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

8^
A.

t>. Tcrst:,

There

earlhciuake.

lligcr 413.

are other writers \Vho

pretend to fay, that the

'

King, having heard of gold and ruby mines, upon the illand of
rendiep, and in the country of Pegu, intended to

out a

fit

Si-

fleet for

the conquert: of thofe parts, but that he was diverted by his council

from

this

fcheme, and

kingdom and

Mamood
but

is

alfo prevailed

upon not

the pmrahs*!^

him, for

yielding to this latter advice, confented to return, and at

a

fit

perfon to

After con-

themfelvcs, they told the King, that on account of the

great diftance of this country

number of

troops

advifeable,

that

The King

recommend

government of the kingdom of Guzerat.

tli

among

fulting

his native

capital.

the fame time begged of his Omrahs, to

divert-

abandon

to

it

from his other dominions, and the

would require

fome one of the

then enquired

among

for

its

defence, they thought

natives Ihould receive

it

that honour.

the chiefs of the natives, and

was

informed that the family of Dabifi^alima was the noblefh in thofe

parts,

in his

and that then a man of parts and

camp,

fitter to

in the habit of a

Brahmin.

be exalted to royalty than him

to chufe that

way of

younger brother,

dill:in(5lion

That they knew no perfon

though he had been obliged

to conceal himfelf

life,

who had

of that tribe, was

from the cruelty of a

ufurped his inheritance.

But fome authors, fufpedting the probability of

that Dabiffalima

informed

us,

cf Guzerat.

famous

well for his policy and wifdom, as for

in the fciences.

him

To him

to his prefence,

the

King

to receive his

ms

authentic proofs of the truth

great knowlege

fent a friendly mefTage, inviting

government of

allegiance for the

Guzerat, which he intended to beflow upon him.

many

have

was Raja of a neighbouring country,

"Makes Da-

as

this flory,

of our

acknowleged that the King, upon having

firft

fettled

But

relation,

as

we have

it

mufl be

an annual tribute,

beftowed the kingdom of Guzerat upon DabilTalima.the poor Brah-

min, and not upon theRajaof the fame name,

who lived

at that period.

We

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

We find,

when

that

the

King had beftowed the regency upon t^e^-

Brahmin, that he petitioned him

for that

te(ftion,

Raja Dabiflalima,

eftabliflied,

But that

forefeen.

would annually

if

fome

to leave

as foon as

D. 1026.

for his pro-

forces

Mamood (hould evacuate

him

the country, would undoubtedly invade

thoroughly

89

before his

power was

the confequences of which might be eafily

the

King would grant him

his protedtion,

he

give double the revenues of Cabuliflan and Zabuliftan.

Thefe confiderations prevailed with the Sultan to form

a defign to Marches
againft

reduce this Raja before he

r

part or his

left

11

'

He

the country.

T\

accordingly fent a

army mto the dominions of the Raja, which,

time, defeated him, and brought

him

prifoner

neighbour'n^

and

defeats a

in a IhortRaja.

He im-

toMamood.

mediately delivered over the unfortunate Raja into the hands of his

kinfman DabilTalima the viceroy

to take

away

his life.

Dabifialima addrelTcd himfelf to the King after this manner; that

murder of a King was unlawful

in his religion, the

when one King got polTeffion of the

who was his enemy, to make a dark pit under his

cuflomary,

fhould remain imprifoned for

That

for his

own

part,

life,

or

till

but that

was

it

perfon of another
throne, where he

the death of his conqueror.

heefteemed fuch ufage a cruelty of which he

could not be guilty

but that on the other hand,

if

^^^'^''-""^'^

clemency,

'

the Raja fliould

be confined by him in another prifon, his adherents would, upon the

He

King's departure, attempt to releafe

him.

begged that the King might carry him

to Ghizni.

The Sultan complied

fix

with this

laft

requefl, and after

months abfence, turned homewards

Byram Deo,

Ajmere, with others, had coiledted

a great

met wtth
Vol.

I.

defarts

in

his

army

march, wherein

his

But Mdmcod

and the Raja

oppofe

to

way of S.ind and Moukan.

two years and

his victorious fiandards.

having received intelligence, that

thedefart, he turned by the

therefore earneniy

army

He

him

rc-

ofnr"^'^''^'^"

in

there alfo

greatly fuffered
'

hv

THE'jfiSTORY OF HINDOSTA^^v

9>5i

A, D.
iligtr.

bv want of water,
417.''.
102

and

417 he wiih much

through Sind,-he was

one of

his

Hindpo

by want of grafs

but

in the

year

kd

During

reached Ghizni.

toil,

his'

three days and nights, by

aflray

guides, u\ a defart of dry fand, fo that madncfs

began intolerably to rage through his perifliing troops.

thirfl

The

commanded him

Sultan fufpedling his guide,

the torture,

when he

was one of the

confefled that he

ofonc

ofthePficfts

and

ulty

diffi

iiiarch

and

Perfidy

his cavalry
'
,

be put to

to

priefts

of

Sum-

'

who. to

nat,

ijevtlige

God, had'

the injuries done ^0 his

thus endea-

The

vQured to bring about the ruin of the Ghiznian army.

then

commanded him

evening, he

fell

to

be put to death

and

God, imploring

proftrate before

meteor was immediately feen in the

his march,

eaft,

it

King,

being towards

a ipeedy deliverance.

to

which he diredted

and before mornings found himfelf upon the banks of

a lake.
ioTtg'*.

DabhTalima

impHibiVd^'
?^aja.

Dabiffauma the dcvout, having eflabllfhed himfelf upon the throne

Guzerat, continued to fend his revenues pundtually to

fome years
him.

after defired the

But the Raja had, by

imprifoned Raja might be returned to

this time,

King, which made him unv/illing

was over-perfuaded, by

gained upon the mind of the

his counfellors,

put into the hands of the perfon

When

with him.

to part

who were

which the unfortunate Raja had acquired

Hiscmelty,

the King,

who

He however

envious of the favour

and he was accordingly

brought the revenue to Ghizni.

they reached the dominions of Guzerat, DabifTalima the

devout gave orders to dig a hole under his

own

throne, in

intended to confine the unhappy Raja, according to

To

cuflom of the Hindoos.

ftretch his

vanced to fome diftance from his

unfortunate

man might

and an ewer

in his hand.

triumph

capitoJ",

to

ftill

the

which

lie

barbarous

further,

he ad-

meet the Raja, that the

run before his horfe, with a bafon on his head^

The

THE
The King,
lay

fion,

,^JS^CXRy,,a|r^|f^f^pSTAN.

down, much difordered,

drew a red handker-

in a (liade,

chief over'his face, and ordered his attendants to withdraw.

which was. hovering over that

ture,

place, miftaking the red

about his eyes, rendered

down upon
him totally

to reign according to the

laws of the country.

^kerchief for prey, foufed

When
camp and

the accident
city

were

ed Raja, arriving

'026.

having over-heated himfelf upon this occa-^*

faid,

it is

9,

which

filled

at that

Vul-

an! punllh-

hand-

the King, and fixing her talons

blind

befel the

and therefore incapable

King became

public, the

with confufion and uproar.

The

whole

imprijbn-

very inftant, was received with univerfal ac-

clamations, and immediately elected King.

He

put the bafon upon

the head of Dabiffalima, and placed the ewer in his hand, and drove

him

before

him

which he himfelf had prepared,

into the dungeon,

where he fpent the remainder of

This barbarous

adtion,

his

life.

fhewed that

however,

unworthy of what providence had,

him.
pride,

This

ftory

and that he

The

is

who

author of the

Mamood was

fo miraculoufly,

ftriking inftance

of the

jufi:

Jam

ul Hikaiat has related,

that,

it

himfelf.

when

Sultan

Story of an

The

all

he faw

a fmall black idol,

under a circular

appearance, was fufpended in the

King, amazed

air,

it.

They

told

him, that they

believed the image to be iron, and the ftones of the arch

The King obferved,

without

phaenomenon, confuted the

this

at

philofophers of his court concerning

magnets.

that he thought the equilibrium of weight and

attraction could not be fo exadtiy found.

He

how^ever, by

experiment, ordered a flone to be ftruck out of the arch

Jio

was

beftowed upon
^^'l^f^^
punifliment of banc'nqnn

digs a pit for another, will fall into

in Guzerat,

arch, which, to
fupport.

his fucceflbr

fooner done, than the idol

iiccordingly found to be a

which was

the ground, and the ftone was

fell to

magnet

way of

but philofophers of latter

day's

are

'

TIJ^ HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^. D.

\.ct^\

are of the King's opinion,

and that

tlus flory

may be

rank'd

among

lligcr. 417.

the fabulous.

The

v^Ths Cstiph of Bagdat being informed of the expedition of Suhart

Caii^-h

moodV^^*

Mamood, wrote him a.congratulatory letter, in which he fliled hitn^

The guardian of fortune and Iflamifm. To his fon Sultan Mufaood,
he gave the title of. The light of pofterity, and the beauty of nations j
and to his fecond fon Mffr Eufoph, the appellation
of the arm of fortune, and eflablifher of the
time, alfured

at-

lacks the

Jit5,

<ooT

that,

The

He,

at

whoever he fhould appoint

he himfelf would confirm and fupport.

^efl'iQO,

Mamood

Mamood,

ftate.

of,

-Mamood marched this year an army

^.^j.^^^ him In his way from Sumnat.
-

againfl:

the

Jits,

ftrength

the'famd

to the fuc:

'-

who had

in-

This people inhabited the

country, on the borders of Moultan, near the banks of the river that

When he

runs by the mountains of Jude.

'ing that the

arrived at Moultan, find-

country of the Jits was defended by great

rivers,

he

or^^

dered fifteen hundred boats to be built, each of which he armed with fix
fplkes projeding

from

boarded by the enemy,

When

wlioare

w.cn

this fleet,

five others,

and naphta to

Jits,

fet

with

to extirpate the Jits,

army

Moultan.

The

Jits

fides, to

prevent their being

very expert in that kind of war.

he ordered twenty archers into

fire-balls,

the whole river on

manded
at

prows and

who were

he had launched

each boat, and

their

to burn the craft of the

This force he com-

fire.

and remained with the remainder of

his

having intelligence of this armament, fent their wives

io.vn.

children, and moft valuable efi^eds, into an ifland, and launching,,

according to fome,. four thoufand, or, according to others, eight

thoufand boats, manned and armed, prepared to receive the Ghiznians.

They met, and a

terrible conflidt

enfued

pikes-from the Sultan's boats, did fuch execution,

but the projected

when they ran againl^

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

the craft of the

that

Tits,

fame time, plied

at the

many of them were

their

bows

95

The

overfet.

archerie,

Higtr. 44|-i

good purpofe, that many

to fiich

of the enemy plunged over board to avoid their galling arrows.

Some of

the jiiiiad boats

communicated

being,

mean

in the

of confafion and

make

the

more

fevere misfortune of captivity.>i3

.li

The

who

jfl

i-jvt'Oilv/

Sultan, after this vidory,

on

fet

fire,

.>

fotne board-

Jits

sri.T

boo<a

In

their eicape.

few of the

terror, very

All thofe therefore,

their hard fate.

'

fome were funk,

their flames to others;

ed by the Turks, and others endeavoured to

this fcene

time,

could (Imn

eicaped death, met with

,ji i.jiwj.

1j-

LUii.

jbHj ,bobfnx.M bsiuTif

retufned'

.-^rnij

triunVpii'' to' Ghizhi,-

S^i

and in the 41 8th year of the Higerah, ordered Amir Toos, one of his
generals, to the

Turkuman of

government of Badwird,

who had

Siljoki,

that

he might

the river Amavia^

crofled

But Amir Toos being defeated

vaded that province.

chaftife the

'O

Hfjiw

The

bsmiB

arl

rbirlv/K^ rio3 .iliud

Sultan immediately put his

3<J

bloody

JfiriJ

g>

oi zlaod baihnuri naaj'lft b^i^L

army

in

motion, and having

entirely
J

'

come

^^

leized

had

all

time, that one of

'he

he marched that way,

the treaiure that had been amafled by the race of Boia,

poffelTed that country,

and

falfe

tenets,

Ifpahan upon his fon,

.

and lived in the

city

of Rai.

he

fettled

the

Having there

SuUaa Mufaood,
i

who

Ghiani,

Tke

Turko-

'^^i^'-

government of Rai and

and returned himfelf to Returns

rno't
.

and

who

inforced fome laws refpe<fting the religion of the inhabitants,

had adopted

"^^^'^i^''^

gainll

Reduccslraak,.

Mamood

difperfed
r

had conquered Iraak

Turkamans.

x^Uwo-j sdi

them a total defeat, which

up with them gave

them and cleared the country. Hearing, at this

his generals

f^^^.^l^^

and fortune

nothing could be done againft the enemy.

arid fn^

in a very

adtion, wrote to the Sultan, that without his prefence

ifi-fe(*omGr/t

Sultan Was foon after afBided with the flone,

d|ijy^ipcj:eare,d..

He

,weMin;thi$

01 nibir/jvi;

which

^-j.

diforder Falls
p

.conditiQa- UxBaliobiita fettle

rot'a*'
!'f

fome

Tick.

nsfi

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

OTP'

rg
D. 1C28.
Higer. 41c.

00

and

ftute affaiis,

in the beginning;

again to Ghizni

10

of the fprln? he turned his face

where, upon friday the 23d of Ribhi

ul Sani,

in

the 4 1 9th of the Higera, and the fixty third year of his age, this

D es.

great conqueror, amidft the tears of his people, gave up his body to
death, and his foul to immortality.

Sultan

Mamood

reigned thirty-five years, and he was buried by

torch light, with great

Ilisperfon.

at

He was

Ghizni.

pomp and folemnity, in

man of a mid Ic dature,

the palace of triumph

not very handfome in

hisperfon, but without any deformity or blemifl].

Two

in^arces of

days bcforc his death, he

commanded,

that

all

the facks of

his avarice.

gold and cafkets of precious

fhould be placed before
gret,

ftones,

him

back

to be carried

without exhibiting his generofity

which he has been accufed of

day, a review of his Army,

the treafury,

in

when he beheld them

he wept, ordering them

which were

at

time

that

He

avarice.

to

as

with

re-

the treafury,

any body,

to

for

the following

ordered,

Elephants, Camels, Horfes and

his

Chariots, with which, having feafted his eyes for fome time, from

he again burfl into

his traveling throne,

and retired in grief

tears,

to his palace.

It's faid,

that Sultan

Mamood, upon

ihapoor was pofTefled of immenfe wealth,

called into his prefence.

an

idolater

King,

pofTelTed

double

The

of

The King began

and an apoftate from the

I

am

much

injuftice,

to

commanded him to be
reproach him for being

The

faith.

no idolater nor apoftate, but

wealth

by robbing

take

me

King, for this infolence,

of

as

punifhed and confifcated his whole

it

Ne-

hearing that a citizen of

therefore,

my money

he term^ed

it is

am

true that I

but do

and

it,

citizen replied,

my

me

not a

good name."

ordered

him

to

be

eftate.

But

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Mamood

But

was, in other inftances, famous for

9'5

iuftice.

per-'^-^Higer. 419.

'

fri
for

one day,
juftice.

thrufting

hinifclf

into the prefence,

The King

ordered

him

which he thus did

him

into the fireet,

a paflion

and came to

iier,

he had gratified his adulte'ous paffion.

till

Th:it he had frequently complained to thofe

him

for

Vv'ife,

armed attendants, beating him and turn-

his houfe every night with

ing

complaint,

his

That, unfortunately having a handfome

nephew had conceived

the King's

explain

to

called loudly

who ought

juHice, but that the rank of the adulterer bad

to

have done

fliut

their ears

him.

againft

The

King, upon hearing

of refentment

manded

this,

was

much

fo

enraged that tearsOf his

and compaffion fiarted- from his eyes;

he

repri-

the poor man. for not mailing fooner his complaint to him.

The man

replied,

mittance.

that he often attempted

He was

houfe, and to give

then

him

of the like violence

c'

commanded by

notice the

firfl:

arging thofe

it,

but could not gain ad-

the King, to return, to

time that his nephew: was guilty

who were

prefent,,

upon pain of

death, to let nothing of this complaint tranfpire, ordering

be admitted

at

any hour.

his_

man

Accordingly the

returned

him

to

to his

houfe, and upon the third night following, the King's nephew, as
ufjal,

came, and having whipped the hufband feverely, turned htm

into the (Ireet.

The poor man hadened

to the

King; but the captaiu

of the guards would not give him admittance, faying, that his Majefty

was

in

the

Haram.

The man immediately began

to

make

a violent

outcry, fo that the porter fearing that the court might be didurbed,

and that the noife might reach the King, he was imder the neceffity
to condudt

him

to the

Eunuchs of the bedchamber, whg immedi-^

ately acquainted the Sultan

with the

affair.

The King immediately rofe, and drawing on

He found his nephew'
tiic man to his houfe.

garment followed

and the nian's wife

fleeping

Judic?.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

96

TOO

^. D. 102?. .fleeping to";ether in

Higer, 419.

them.

The

nephew's head from his body

fevered his

man

one bed, with a candle flandino:

near
a on the carpet
r
Sultan, extinguifliing the candle, drew liis dagger and

taken a deep draught, he told

The
juftice

if

he could

poor

Then commanding

man

own

truft his

down

fell

him he might now go and

at

the

arreft his

hand

tenderly loved

him why he put

vehemently for water..

fo

on a youth

the execution of juftice,

and that he had made

tell

that he put out the candle that pity

in

vow

to

point of dying of

The

learned

rifhed under
Jllamood.

The

learned

much,

that

he had

Mamood

are efteemed very good, for one of

4000 Dirms from the

were

tan often entreated to undertake the

He

himfelf on account of his age.

afterwards undertook that
application, before

it

telling

Shaw Namma,

finifhed,

him

that he

Affidi

whom

the Sul-

but he excufed

who
by too much

was the mafter of Phirdoci,

work j but Phirdoci

was

which

Sultan.

Toofi, a native of ChorrafTan, a poet of great fame,

firlt

Ozaeri Rafi, a native of Rai, whofe poetical per-

a prefent of

mafter Affidi

till

he

he was upon the

lived at the court of Sultan

as a panegyrift,

he received

in fo

whom

thirft.

men \vho

principally thcfe

formances

juftice,

might not

God, when he

heard his complaint, that he would neither eat nor drink

brought the criminal to

with

in gratitude to his

Sultan's feet,

out the candle, and afterwards called out

replied,

fleep

wife.

and condefcenfion, but begged he might

The King

the

the candle, he called out for fome water, and having

to light

fafety,

falling fick

he applied himfelf
was now

at

to his old

the point of death,

and that his only regret for leaving this vain world was, that his

poem was

unfiniQied.

The

old

man weeping

replied, that, tho'

he

had often excufed himfelf to the King, from having any hand.in that
performance, yet for the affedlion he bore to Phirdoci, he would
undertake to

finifli

his
I

poem.

The dying

poet replied, that he was

well

THE HIS-TORY OP HINDOSTAN.

man

well alTured no other

but

cj;

the fame time he was afraid, years and infirmities had

at

the native

The

fire

old

of the aee had the genius to attempt

damped

of Affidi.

man warmed with

friendfliip

and emulation, colleiling

^he force of his mind, made the attempt, and brought into the chains

of rhime

in a

few

days, that part of the

poem, between the Arabian

conqueftof Agimto the end, which confifts of four thoufand couplets.

He

immediately brought

-recovered

the

from

to Phirdoci,

it

his diforder.

The Shaw Namma

among

quently

the

But

Hakim

as to genius, in that

was

Balich, and

Ali Unfuri

age

is

ledged

him

all

formance
Tioufly

confe-

known

befl:

fciences,

rank,

poets,

and

all

he
the

Four hundred poets and learned

acknow-

He

for their mafter.

fliould

the

of the

firft

the ftudents of the univerfity of Ghizni,

King, to fuperintend

among

his poetry

efteemed to hold the

all

learned languages of thofe times.

befides

efleemed

famous for

for befides being one

a great philofopher, verfed in

men,

is

he

of poets.

firft

Minuchere was an Omrah of

and wit.

fo rejoiced that

and Phirdoci the author,

of poetical productions,

firfl:

who was

literature,

was therefore appointed by the

and it was ordered, that no per-

be brought before the Sultan, v/ithout being pre-

honoured with the approbation of Ali Unfuri.

Among the works of Unfuri there is an heroic poem, upon the ad ions
of Sultan
the long
for

The King

Mamood.
treffes

of his beloved*, he was

what he had done.

there

was a

terror

I.

He

fat,

he

much

rofe,

in his cups, cut off

afRidled in the

morning

he walked by turns, and

round him, which kept the people

* His favourite

Vol.

having one night,

at

diflance.

miflrefj.

Ali

A. D, 1028.

A. D. lo:?.
IJgcr. 419.

HISTORY OF HlKDOSTAKi

TliE

f8

Unfuri accolled him with

All
1

'

plealed the

King

with jewels.
waflicd

down

extempore

fonie

which

I'mes 4-,

fo

that he ordered His

mouth

be

to

Calling then for wine, he

fat

his grief,

with wit.

feiifoning fociety

filled

three times

down, with the poet and

Asjuddi was one of the fcholars of Unfuri

'

He

wH^"

a'

native of

Hirvi, a poet bleffed with the light of true genius^ but his works

them

are very fcarce aad the greateH- part of

a pupil

He was

of Unfuri.

of the antient royal ra^p of

of Seiftan, but reduced by fortune

low, that be

fo

hire himfelf to a farmer for the yearly wages of a

.

When

he married, he found

his expence% fo he

The

became

farmer told hin^ he

Firochi was alfo

loft.

this

fpcinW funi

obliged to

nq^t

ftate

increafed..

a great deal

more, but

for

which he was honoured with a hand-

fome reward, with a horfe and

to ride

The

Muziffif,

who

introduced to the

upon him which enabled him

with a retinue of twenty well mounted Haves,

beauty of the

lines confifled chiefly in a

The

happy chime of words, which cannot

On this happy day, whea

fenfe runs thus

ihe trefTes of your beloved are cut off, what place

crowned with mirth and wine,

it's

He was

drefs.

fettled a penfion

pofTibly be imitated in a tranflation.

of

Firochi,

of dependence, waited on the Sultan's nephew Abul

Muziffir with a poem,

King by

^nfwej[

wages

that his capacity could not extend, the allowance further.

.in this

Jiings

hundred Dirmg^

would

defirous of having his

cer.tainly deferved

j\^^as,

the,

is

there for grief? Let

for the beauty of the cyprefs

branches,

\')-ff

Iqoof

is

it

be rather

increafed by the pruning

T^E HISTORY OF

Hll<lDO^ TW(T

SECTION
of the Reign of

'ffie t-Iiftory

V.

Dowla, jfemmal

ul

Jellal

Muluck Sultan Mahummud, ben

ul

99

Sultan

MamooJ

Ghiznavi.

HEN

Miimood was

the hand of Sultan

Mahummud

worldly labour, his Ton

Gour^an, and Amir Mufaood

father in law of Sultan

Amir

in Ifpahan.

Mamood,

called

was

from

fliortened

in

j^

,0,5.^

the province of ^^j'jj^J;^^',^^

Ali ben

Arfil'la,

Amir Mahummud

to

the

Ghizni,

c^eds to the
tli'one

a-nd

according to the will of his father placed the crown upon his Gh
Sultan

head.

Mahummud, upon

of'captain general

upon

his uncle

the honour of Vizier upon

Abu

his acceffion, beflovved the dignity

Eufoph the fon of Subudlagi, and

Sell

treafury he gladdened his friends and

tions

of

zui.

Ahummud
tlie

then opening the

public with liberal dona-

but the hearts of the foldiery and people run chiefly in favour

of his brother Mufaood.

About

fifty
J

Amir Eaz

days
after the Sultan's death, Abul Nio;im
J
t)
>

having, in confederacy with Ali Dia, gained over the flaves*",

broke into the royal

ftables,

rode off towards BuH:.

diately

difpatched

flaves in a

The

flaves.

Subundrai, an Hindoo

few days

* By the

Thty were
pire,

they''v"^'

a Itirmifh

He came

of them,

up

enfued in which Subun-

were

whom

with a

trufl,

killed,

and not a few

furviving part of the rebels with their

two

chiefs,

they met at Ne(hapoor.

Slaves mentioned in this place, nnd in the fequel of this hin-ory, are tneant

young

c'-iilJren,

bought by Kings, and educated

for thcofHces

often adop-sd by the emperors, and very frequently fucceeded

whole Dyn..ny of them

pofrcfied

muft not therefore conlider ihe word

Omrah of

in purfuit

purfued their journey to Mufiood,

the capiivfis and

Q fcafe which

it

flavcs

Amir Muhummud informed of this, imme-

drai with the greateft part of his troops

of the

The

and mounting the King's bed horfes,

numerous body of Hindoo cavalry

with the

^,

fi

ive,

to

of Hate.
the

afterwards the throne in Hindofla

which often occurs

in this

i.

hiflory, in

em-

We
the

carries in our language.

Mufuocd

foVMSlo'oJ.

ly^E IIi$T?ft|lYi(9F/^IND0STAN.

100
A. D. io;8.
Hij;ei-.

Mufaood luvin? heard of

419.

Hammedan,

fct-

Ayrack and Agim,

and

his fathet'sS deceafe at

Viceroys and governors of

Mufaood

tied

brod.cr.

hallened towards Chorraffhn.

tliat

truft

in

Frcni thence he wrote to his brother,

he Uad no inclination to take

tliofe

which

countries from him,

his father, notwithftanding of his preferable right, had been pleafed

to bequeath to

He

Mahummud.

moreover added, that the regions

of the Hills, Tiberirtan and Ayrack, which he had moflly acquired

by

his

own

fword, were ample enough domir^ions for him.

infifted fo far

Chutba

on his birth-right,

read in the

firft

*, over all his dominions.

Amif Mufaood

His modera-

have his name

as to

Fie only

allowed to have been very moderate in

is

this cafe,.

lion.

though he and

for

Mahummud

were twins, he was the elder by fome

hours, and confequently had the undoubted right of fucceffion.

War

Buf enmity had

between

the biotheis.

Mahummud

Sultan

between the brothers from

fublifted

their youth,

returned his brother upon this occalion, a

very unfriendly anfwer, and began to prepare for war, in fpite of

The

that his council could do to oppofe fo rafh a meafure.

army

accordingly put his

to

meet Mufaood

in motion,

It is faid,

that at the f^aft,

upon the concUifion

Ramzan which Mahummud held at Tunganahad,

accidentally from his head when he fat in ftate.

reckoned a

Omrahs

very unfortunate

omen,

of

Accordindy upon the

confederacy formed by

Hadnic' Mical,

'1

which fome

who

third night after,

Amir Ali,'Eufoph ben

crown

his

was

difaffecled

him

immediately marched
to

whom

*^jThe geneal gy and

Amir

founding the trumpets to arms, put themfelves

his perfon, fent

Mufaood,

there was a

Subudtagi, and

the head of the troops, furrounded the King's tents,

upon

his

taking advantage, eftranged the minds of the foldiery from

MahummuJ their prince.

at

Sultan

and leaving Ghizni, proceeded

of the
fell

all

and feizing

prifoner to the fort of Chillige.

with

the army

to

Herat,

to

They

meet xAmir

they fwore allegiance.

titles

of iheir Kings read from the pulpit on

all

public occa-

fTons of worlhip, after the praife of the prophet.

Sultan

:THE^im t oRY^ 'OF' 'Hi N r>6*.s rp^'.

Sultan

Mufaood direded

his

Ther^ was

*.

Mufaood fhould

was

in

he would

be King,

Amir Ali Chefhawind had

hitii

alfo, it is faid, a

flened the death of Haffhic, for he

ever

his

which ha-

private pique,

that if

fay,

hanged.

fuffcr himfelf to be

head firuck off

ingratitude to The

for his

"

Eufoph ben

tunate

Mahummud

for life.

(hall hereafter fee,

The

he was,

confpi-

tors

punilh-

eyes of the unfor-

were put out, and he himfelf confined

the Sultanit of Mahummud-fcarcely

the other confpirator, anded.

Subu(5lagi,

was imprifoned

the Sultan's uncle,

1028.

Hi ei-, 4.19.
fled to the Mufaood fuc-

and

before,

publick heard to

his prince; and

march to'Bal'idh^'^here he ordered Amir

Hafihic to be executed, for having deferted

King of Myfer

101

laftcci

fiv'e

months.

So that

But, as

we

nine years imprifonment, blelTed

after

with one niore bright ray of fortune.

SECTION
The Reign of Shahab

AN
SUedLoTwith

JV^afood

dowla Jemmal

ul

MusAooD ben

flt-ongeft mail,

and his iron mace was

raife it

GTence;
rels,

fo

with one hand.

aifpofificn,

man

of a lofty

and was honour-

all

his

His arrow

man

in his youth,

brother

obiciciate

and

S'"'
Urength.

engaged him

who,

for tha.

in

fierce

all

obe- "ipoiS.

many quar-

reafon,

fixed-

Amir Mahummud, who was of

>ji'i'i

tradtable difpcl'uion.
* Egypt-

Mu-

of his time could

authority, and difdaining

and greatly difobliged his father

upon

fecond.

and fink into the body of an elephant,

He. was withal, of an

This circumltance,

more mild and

Sultan

Ghiznavi.

fpirit,

of Ruftum the

ponderous, that no

contemptuous of

his affcdions

Muluck

ul

Sullan

-th^ appellation

could pierce the

Mamood

Sulran

was

VI.

a-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

102
A. D. io:s.
J

iiprr.

Chaja
419.-'

An-cdo

the

name of AniJ^
'

Mahummud

when

Abii Nilcr Mufcati relates, that,

was

of Mufaood, in the Chutba,

inferted before that

concerning

and read

Mufaood.

in

Mufaood

public for the

time, that he himfelf followed

Amir

door of the mofque, and told him, that what he had

to the

heard, gave

firft

him

the utmofi: concern, for that his own, as well as

the hearts of mod; of the Omrahs, burnt with afFedtion for him.

Amir Mufaood
it

the v.'orld

One of

is

for the

Nifer, alked

Abu

faood.

forefiiw,

him what had

il

prifonersof

pafTed

Upon

wlaich xhe Kiiig faid,

would one day be King

Mumundi, who, by

filial

but that

the orders of the Sultan

Ahummud

he had

tliat

al-

Mufaood, who, he

Amir Mahummud had

duty, and implicit obedience.

prifoned in the fort of Callinger, and again

Am"r

Mu-

between him and Amir

his accefiion, releafed

Sultan Mufaood, upon
^

called

immediately calling

Nifer thinking that truth would be his beft defence, re-

gained his heart, by

re-

Mamood

a high opinion of the fuperior abilities of

ways

Mufaood

hearing this convci"fation, immediately

to the Sultan.

it

lated the particulars.

leafes (ever

longed fword.

the King's fpies

gave information of

Abu

Give yourfclves no concern about

replied with a fmilc.

ben Mealtagi, the

count, and after having obliged

him

practices in his office, appointed

him

Ahummud

ben Haflen

Mamood, had been

made him

treafurer,

to refund a great

general of

all

to

irn-

He

Vizier.

a ftrift ac-

fum, for mal-

his forces in

Hin-

him to proceed to Lahore. He, at the fame

time, releafed Mujeid ul Dowla Willamf, who had alfo been imprifoned in one of the forts of Hindoftan, and called him to his co.urt.
doftan, and ordered

TViger.

422

Sultan Mufaood, in

LXMackJ-'* Ghizni, and fsnt an

ra.i,

both provinces
tries

dkd about

vv'as

the year 422, having left Balich,

army

to

Ku

came

to

ch and Mackeran, amd the coin of

ftruck in his name.

that time, and left

two

The
fons,

prince of thofe coun-

Abul

Afakir, and Ifah-

Ifah,

THE HISTORY OP H1ND03TAN.

the younger brother, taking pofTefiion of the government, A.^D. 103^

Tfah,

Abul Afakir hadrecourfe

Mufaood,

whom

to

tlie

for aid, to regain. his inheritance, to Sultan

promifed^an annual tribute,

fugitive prince

and to hold his dominions, when recovered, of him.

ing to this propo{c\l, fent a great army w^ith

Mufaood ag ree-

Abul Afakir, with or-

whicli are rc'^"'^'''^*

ders to his general, if pofTible, to reconcile the diffe.'-ence between the

brothers, and to divide the country equally betv.'een

be done,

this could not

to

them

but if

put the whole into the pofTeffion of Abul

Afakir..

When
army,

Abul Afakir

fd obftinatc

arrived

was

ruin, that he would not

upon the

his brother,

'and fo

he determined to decide the

ingly fought wi'h gf-eat bravery,

kir,

who paid

affair

till

The provinces

fo eagerlv to p'lrfue.

tribute

much

this

powerful

devoted to his

own

be brought toliften to any accommodation; and

though he was deferted by many of his

ther,

with

frontiers,

friends,

who

joined his bro-

with his fword.

He

accord-

he obtained that death he feemed

fell

into the hands of

Abul Afa-

and allegiance to the empire.

The Sultan, in the fame year, beftowed the vicerdyfhip of Rai, ofMafhuiacfe
Hammedan, and of all the regions of the hills^ upon Mafli, a man Rana"peifia.
v.'ho,

though he had

diiplayed

uncommon

himftlffrom the lowefl

abilities,

in

ot^ice in the

camp,

reducing thofe provinces to obedi'

'

After the departure of Sultan Mufaood, the countries which

ence.

we have jud:
them

raifed

to their

mentioned, revolted

in part,

former dependence, but

nor of Ciioraflan,

who had

but Maili not only reduced

chraftifed Ali ul

Dowla, gover-

been tampering with the rebels.

Sultan Mufaood, after having fettled affairs at Ghizni, intended to UnfucciAful

march

to

Ifpahan and Rai.

But when he arrived

pie of Sirchus and Badav/ird complained to

Siljoki

Turkumans.

The

him of

at Herat,

the peo-

the ravages of the

King, moved by the injuries done to

Iiis

ful^eds.

Turkuin..n'!

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

104

fi 'c"

'"r*

^"hi^*^^*

was incenfed very much

enemy, and therefore

againft the

immediately ordered Abdule ben Abdul Azize, with a great force,

This general, however, was received by the Tur-

to chaftife them.

kumans, with

much

fo

bravory, that he could gain no advantages

over them; and.the King, for what reafon

not known, returned to

is

Ghizni.

AH TiggL

Mufaood difpatched

In the year 423,

Higcr. 423.

Altafafh Hajib from

rizm, with a great army, to oppofe Ali Tiggi,

conquered Samarcand and Bochara.

nere,

where

Ghizni.

marched

jun6lioa

this

.was

effefted,

re-

which he reduced, and then proceeded

duced.

marched out of the

the river on. one

AH

overthiovvn

by

city,

fide^

f j^g

Maverul-

and took

Sumarcand.

to

of a. ftrong

pofleflion

*, a party

Ali T iggi

having

poft,

WKen

the

of Ali Tiggi's horfe, having turned

mountain, attacked the army of Altafafh

Altaf-fli,

river

his rout to Bochara,

and a high mountain on the other.

of contention arofe

Tiggi

to

he croffed the

Amavia, in the face of the enemy, and continued

Bochara

invaded and

thoufand horfe were ordered to join him from

fifteen

After

Altrifafli

who had

Cha-

in the rear.

great

flaughter

commenced, and the Ghiznian commander was wounded,

a part of the

-in

body

in

which he had formerly

in taking one of the forts of Hindoftan.

He

received

wound,

however concealed his

blood from his army, and charged the enemy with fuch vigour, in
his

front and rear, that, after an obftinate and bloody conflict, they

were

at length

When
dies

flight.

the battle was over, Altafadi called a council of his princi-

pal officers,

who

put to

and Hiewing

his

wound,

of

hhiv"ou'c"s.

proaching; and that they muft

told

now manage

them

his

affairs in

end was apthe heft

man-

ner they could, intimating at the fame time, that he thought they

could do nothing better, than conclude a peace with the enemy.

This motion being approved, a melTenger was difpatched to them,

* Thai

is,

wheu

the baule begun.

that

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The ^.

ihat very night, with propofals, which were eagerly accepted.

conditions were, that

AH

Tiggi (hould keep poffelTion of Samarcand,

and that Bochara fhould remain

immediately

after this pacification, departed, the

The brave

and th^ other for Chorraffan.

after,

The two

Mufaood.

to

one for Samarcand,

Altafafli died the

fecond day

but his death was concealed from the army, and the chiefs

condu6ted the troops to Charizm

And when

thefe accounts

to Sultan Mufaood, he conferred the government upon

of

armies,

came

Haro the feu

Altafafli.

Ahmed ben Haflen Mumundi dying

Abu Nifer Ahmid to fucceed him

this year,

Mufaood appointed

of
424th
^ r
vades nimlcthe Higera, Sultan Mufaood refolved upon an expedition into Hin- ftan.

Taking the rout of

doftan.
futti,

begun to

he

liften to

The

palTes.

fliould

garrifon being intimida-

from

his enterprize.

when

his ears

defifl:

the propofals,

began

He

the

Sultan

who were

then

immediately broke up the conference, and

to befiege the fort, ordering the

Sugar-canes, from

The

were ftunned with a

grievous complaint from fome MufTulmen captives,

detained in the place.

Surfutti in-

King, promifing valuable prefents, and an

ted, fent meffengers to the

if

In the

Caflimire, he inverted the fort of Sur-

which commanded the

annual tribute

as vizier.

ditch

adjacent plantations.

ordered fcaling ladders to be applied to the

to be

filled

up with

This being done, he

walls,

which, after a

bloody conteft, were mounted, and the garrifon, without diftindion

of

ao;e

and children,

who were

King commanded,
lage, fliould
Surfutti,

and

that

protefted by the fbJdiers for

what

be given to

who had

formerly

parts of the world.

Vol.

I.

Thegarrife*
put to the

fword.

part of the fpoil was faved from pil-

the MuITulmen,

This vear was remarkable

many

women
flaves.
The

or fex, barbaroufly put to the fword, excepting a few

been flaves in

loft their effeis.

for

The

who had

'A

^reat drou<>ht and famine,

in
^
^
famine v;as fucceeded ly a calami-

tous

famine and

P'^^''^""-

the'

loiB

for in lefs than

Nor

alone.

HINDOSTAlvt.

which fwcpt many thoufands from the

tous peftilence,
earth

ltiiV'f6iiY"6F''

did

it

one month, forty thoufmd died

rage with

lefs

Sultan

in Tib:ri !an,

Mufaood

in the

^'^^'^">^

fome difturbances

quell

mean time was bbliVed

The

in Tibiriftan.

to

in

of the

'

Ifpahah,

where whole

violence in Hindoftan,

countries were entirely depopulated.

Tx.^

ifacct

'I-^j

march back

to

inhabitants of Amalifar

oppofed him in his progrefs, but they were difperfed by the imperial

with

troops,

little

oppofition, and

flan, fent an ambafTador,

Abu

Callingar, Prince ofTibiri-

and fubjedted himfelf and his country to

arc quelled*

the King.

nephew
War

with the

He,

at

the fame

Shirvi, as hoftages, for his future

Sultan

fon Bhamin, and his

time, gave his

Mufaood turned from thence

good behaviour.

his face towards

Ghizni

and

iTmkufnans,

when he

arrived at Nefliapoor, the people of that place again

plained of the incurfions of the

Turkumans of

Siljoki,

com-

and Mufaood

immediately difpatched Budadi, and Huffein ben Ali, with a great

force to chaftife them.
^.

When

the Ghiznian

lage of Seindenfauk, a meffenger

y2.nts,

Budidi^

**

That ihey Were

at all delirous to diilurb

any body but

the King's ferhis enemies,

4f

they fliould be enabled, by an annual fubfidy, to live at

home without

plunder, or led out to war, that tliey might exert their

fkiJl

tl>ey

anJarede-

and not

the vii-

came from the Turkumans with

who (!m=nd letter, to the following purpofe.

aiubi.oy,

army reached

reckoned their only profefTion."

The

an fwer of

fays he,

between

depredations,

what

-m.iuu

Budadi was vcry haughty/

us,

irt

'

" There

is

no peace,

but the fword, un lefs you will give over your

and fubmit yourfelves implicitly

to

the laws and

Turkumans had heard this meffage

from their ambalTador, they advanced and made a violent aflault
but as they were conduced more by rage
"^'tipon the cariipof Budadi
authority of the King."

After the

-than conduct, they wer'e

:'WnH^^

Yc'pu] fed

and obliged

to

turp

;.their

backs

upon

Vpoa the honours of

expedition, took

Budadl purfuhig them with

tfie field.

baggage^ and their wives and cniidren.

all their

But when Bu6raai was returning from the

of

were

his troops

ifi'ucd

by

former

their

who

Bucladi,

difperied,

lofs,

made

purluif, while yet

to-

a dreadful {laughter

fight

among

the troops

and

two days and

for

retreat,

fautHuiTein ben, Ah 9puld not be perfuaded to quit the

after the

men were

moft of his

enemy.

into the hands of the

own

defeat, to Sultan

The

Sultan

upon account of fome

to

Ghizni,

Ban,

in

Bu6tadi

chief,

'lipflcfj.ifent
3

and thence

But,

him

hands;

towards Munfura,

fo clofe, that

whom

jtheir nofes

and

many

He marched

fent

an army under

who had

when

two armies met, Ban was

the

chief,

who coming

and Sind.

this

c^if-

fled

Touluck pur- Their great

thoufands of the runaways f41 into his

he treated in the mofl inhuman manner, cutting off

ears.

all the boats,

When Tiggi

which the

3 endeavoured to crofs the

reached the banks of the Sind, he

prefTure of the

river.

But the

enemy would permit,

fold ers, afraid

he.

of being

I'abandoned, hurried into the boats with fuch violence, and in fuch

9;^umbers,
2.fj[|ottnV

noqo

thiat

1^

in

iifound himfelf, if pof^ible, in greater diflrefs than before i for^colle(3:-

bing

Jg^gJej'^'

to battle

He

a total overthrow.

Tatta,

Dlitaibanc^
in Hindolbn.

back

Neal Tiggi,

with Ahraud Neal Tiggi, gave him

fued

refentment,

Ahmud

Touluck, another Hindoo

ifitwtriihjafti^'

prifoner

Mufaood being informed of

defeated with great flaughter.

The
fo that

fell

of

at Nefliapoor.

againft

rebelled in his government.

they over-

and carried advice of his

fled,

difturbances in Hindoftan.

426

inau-

nights,

field,

for that time to reflrain his

the year

Indian

an

he himfelf

killed,

Mufaood,

was obliged

many whom,

and, rendered defperate

hills,

could not be regularly brought up to the charge.

Ghiznians continued

D. 1032,
.^i^ .isgiH

and intent upon the plunder, the Tiir-

out from between two

kumans

great

moll:

of them were either overfet or funk.

and an inundation of the

river,

P 2

fudden

ndded to the copfufion of the

,

vanquifliedj

ta

i..,!

HINDOSTAN.

THE_U:I,^TQJ?^Y;,OF

1^3.
A. p. 1054. vanquiflicd

fo that

The body

very few of them efcaped.

chief was foon affer found by the enemy,

and his head fent to

Ghizni.

no
A new

loqu

A new palacc being finifhed

palace

onw

.aJiBqatorf*

liaimiii gni!uoX3 ,^)n^^^^yb bfi

^>uiitatGhiz

of thdrr

irni iinsi

in the year 427, at Ghizni, a golden

ftudded with jewels, was ere(fled in a magnificent hall, and

crown of gold, weighing feventy maunds-f-, darting luftre from its

precious ftones, fufpended by a golden chain over it, by way of
a

canopy, under which the King

He in

the fame year conferred the enfigns and drums of royalty, upon

Amir Modood, and

his fon

MufaooJin"

whilft hehimfelf

Si?n!^"

and gave public audience

fat in ftate,

fent

him

to the

marched with an army

government of Balich,

to Hindoftan,

to reduce the

fliong city of Haffi.

^rfjiisa

/Tjjjs city

was the

capital

of Sewalic, and was, by the Hindoos,

reckoned impregnable, for they were taught to believe, by fome of

their prophets, that

it

But the Hindoo prophets,

men.

ceived their followers

Takes

Hafli.

^^jjj^

fliould never fall into the

like

hands of theMu/Tul-

thofe of other nations, der

for the King, in the fpace of fix days,

though

^ y^^y confiderable lofs on his fide, fcaled the place and took

Mufaood found immenfe

treafures in Haffi

and having put

it

it;;

into

the hands of a trufty fervant, he marched towards the fort of Sunio

Sutiput evaauated.

put.

Deipal, the governor of Sunput, evacuated the place, and fled

but he had no time to carry off his treafure, which

.^^^ ^j^^

woods

fell into

the conqueror's hands.

be

laid in ruins,

and

all

Mufaood ordered

The Sultan then went in

felf in the field

The

lead

maund

is

that of Surat,

ounces and feven drachms averdupoize

this

crown was immenfe.

^m^nuo

i^ii

who began to ihewhim^i

t
by the Kmg, and all his army

purfuit of Deipalj

but he was furprifed

in India

the temples to

the idols to be broke down^j,

Maf.oidfurprifei Teipai.

all

'i.t

).

which weighs

thirty-feven

by which we may conjeflure,

_

pound

five

that the value of

'^k

taken

takeh brifoners

i'

'vthile

he himfelf efcnped in the habit of a Have. ^

Mulaood marched from thence towards Raam,

thofe parts,
fent

who

immenfe

upon- receiving

inte lligence

pricj^^?/.^

another Raja of

of the King's intentions;'

prefents of gold and elephants, excufing himfelf

on

The

account of his age, from perfonally attending upon Mufaood.

wEfsq ^rt

Sultan received his prefents and excufe, and with-held his hand from

him any

giving

farther moleftation

he took

Sin put *,

Mugdood, on

and enfigns of

iit

polTeffion of all the countries in his rear, intending

When he reached Lahore, he

whom he conferred the government

to return to Ghizni.

fon

Omrah

then leaving a trufty

ftate,

with Eur

left ihefcJ

his

and the drams

to be his counfellor in.

his favourite,

^......i

matters of importance.

.
.

In the year 428 Mufaood again marched to Balich, to quell the Marches

tumults raifed by the Turkumans, who, upon hearing of the King's

approach, evacuated that country.

bis departure,
croffing
efFe<fjts

The

that

had made divers incurfions into

the river,

had lengthened

of his fubjedls.

The King

his

to

^^^''^^*

inhabitants of that province

the Sultan and acquainted him,

addreffed

Eur Tiggi,

after

and

their territories,

hands upon the

determined

and

lives

therefore to

chaf-

him that winter, and in the beginning of the fpring, to bring the
The Omrahs
other Turkomans of Siljoki to a better underftanding.
tife

him

of his court, with one accord, advifed

Siljokis,

becaufe they had, for

inhabitants

the

The

of

two

march

to

firft

years, gained an afcendancy over

Chorraflan, and were daily gaining ftrengthi

Sultan, at that time,

received alfo a letter from one of the

him

nobles of that province, acquainting

were once but Ants, were now become

were not foon deftroyed,

they might

that his enemies,

little

Snakes,

and

if

who
tKey
>

grow

in

fhort time

doidw \d
"isioqubiDV^ eradDSib naval fane snams
uAi it iuf^rMo: v^-ai
* Forty miles from Delhi, on the road to Lahore.
,,logmnu sbw aw<n:i eidf

3i}Ibv 5fiJ

Mv-rt^l

gj^^^^jiv/,

ito^ -^^i^^'^

Serpents.
lo

laqmi*

ag^ihft the

But

TTIE

10

A. D.
T

Mua-

cod Jsdine-.

now

But the Aar of the King's fortune had

10"!'.

iu -;ooj for-

tunc

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

advcrfity,
ajid he
"

hopcs

In

to

would not by any means hearken

conquer the country before him, he

the Gion, and crofTing his

army without

fuch a quantity of fnow

marched back

girig,

as

Siljoki

Amud

whence Chnja
he had not

that

it

Would take Ibme meafurcs

during that

was with the

wrote

to the

In

reinforce

to

King

v.'inter,

greateft difficulty

the

marched with an army

fufficient force to

to their advicef.

laid a bridge over

L'ut

army towards Ghizni,

his

Chukker Beg Daood

/fbrri

fell,

lioiiCQ (Ot*

oppofition, took pofTeffion

of the wliole province of Maver ul ncre.

l:c

reached the

mean

time,

againft Balich,

the particulars, btg-

oppofe the enemy, thit ht

Mufaood upon

him.

this

turned his army towards BaHch.

C\?.m

pil-

Tig^i taking

'E^i'i'

honoured the

advantage, marchedf tqitfBcly

'

towards

retreated

bonaVib

^\

was Pugu,

|je did,

and

When

loyalty,

in

if

the

King would beftow

which they might

fettle.

to

come and

fettle

a track

Sultan

Their ferHd/..v

of

Mulaood

to- their chief,

whofe

the treaty, which accordingly

and the King, upon promife of their future good behaviour,

slienated a large territory for their maintainancCiiinigriBdo io

aiiJ.lo

upon

his fon

confenting to this propofal, fent a melfenger

^'i

Murve,

they fent an ambaffador, pro-

conjundion with

country upon them,

nartie

the Sultan reached

Ghiznians towards Murve,

fcfling obedience

"

When

dif-

the

in

of him to Gurgan.

Turkumans.

to- Ghiisiv?,

Modood, fet out in purTurkumans heard of the motion

which the King,

Peace with ihe fuit

Daood

and after having greatly

ftables,

he was rcpulfed.

capital,

of Balich,

the confines

""^^"^

this

where he plundered the King's

'

^auun^^^d adj

r^ufao6d,

akitjxiag aid io Ifiisvai

after this treaty,

but fuch was the

infidelity

turned with his

bodi^m

,ybr)i3q io laSi oirfi

army towards

Herat^;

of thofe ravagers, that they attacked

thj^fi

rear of the King's army, carrying off part of his baggage, and flayJ

ing a nurnber of his attendants.

^""^

vioufj
,.v:2

fent a

detachment

The

Sultan, incenfed at this beha-

in p\ir{ait _^q(^^^cjf\^^yvh^^^
^

party

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TjartV

"o-f

them

and brought them to his

prifoners

ordered their heads to be cut off and

diately

He imme-

feet.

who

Pugu,

to

fejit

A. D. 1038.
Higer. 430*

excufed himfelf, faying, that for his part he was glad they had met

with their

The

defcrts, for

he had no knowledge of

Sultan continued his march to Herat, from Flerat to Neflia- Mufaood

-

Turkumans,

ther tribe of

mean

.time he

Badwird had given up

immediately

whom

He

111

taka the rout

Heiatj

he defeated with great flaughter.

received intelligence that the inha|Ditants of

their forts

to the

them, retook the

againfl:

of the enemy.

rr-

At Toos he was attacked by ano-of

poor, and irom thence to loos.

In the

their proceedings.

He marched

Turkumans.

forts

and cleared that country

then returned to Nefhapoor, where he fpent the

winter, and in the fpring of the year 430, he again returned to

Badwird, which had been infefted

who

fled

upon the

had refufed

to

pay their taxes

way of

Siljoki,

Mufaood,

after

whofe inhabitants

Sirchus,

Bat upon feme of

put to death, they became more tra(!^able

fion

by Toghril

Sultan's approach towards Tizin.

returned by the

this exploit,

in his abfence

their chiefs being

and upon their fubmif-

the King continued his march to Dindaka.

The Turkumans

collecting

their forces

at

Dindaka, furrounded

Hi'^

-irmy

by

r.inoiio *ed

the King's army, fecuring the pafTes upon every' fide

ijring

them

to an

engagement, drev/ out

which the enemy by no means

with

barbarous

fhouts

his

army

TbQ Sultan,

inl,or<ieroQfi^'vattle,

declined, advancing

upon

This

and great impetuofity.

method

chargmg difcouraged the Sultan

or

thro' fear or perfidy,

ai^iorii

roHie;'

The King,

feveral

off with their

enraged

of his generals

He
the

tc^d'*fhcm that their

in the

and feeing his

at this treachery,

glor|^Bf'tfiifeir

troops

all

quarters

uncommon

111
and

vvhe ther

is tJcferted

a great part
hi.

of

army,

beginning of the

whole fquadrons and joined the enemy.

perate fituatrO^, addrcffed himfelf in a

Yiita^

toth^ Turku-

own

few words

fafety,

King, and the

affairs in a def-

to his friends

about

their long acquired

fectirity

ho-

of the ir native coun-

M^fjoo.)
tramps,

cn^

1 I

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

now depended upon one

A. D. 1038. try,

enemies, and thofe

their

noble effort to revenge themfelves upon

ftill

greater enemies,

who had

fo bafely

deferted their caufe.

Mu'Iiood then turning his horfe to where he beheld the torrent of

Ilii va!ojr,

gleaming arms
ing

down

as

never King had

army

oppofe thefticam, bear-

before difplayed.

few of

his

feconded their Lord fo well, that whitherfo-

infpires the brave,

enemy were mowed down or

But now, when vidory fcemed to blow on
de- retreated before him.
for when he looked
his ftandard, misfortune was active behind it
ever he turned his

to

rouzed by his words and adions, and that innate honour

friends,

which

plunged fingly

before him, and exhibiting fuch adls of gigantic force

all

and valour,

rolling on,

fword,

fatal

the

he

round

beheld

his

whole

army

devouring

the

paths

of

flight.

He

hhnifif
tne

The

opens a
th ro'

enemy,

King, feeing himfelf thus fhamefuUy deferted, and that no

from

^P^

trampling
his

own

his

down

lingle

with a few of the

from
punidies the

he reached the

fugitives,

proceeded to Ghizni,

Sinai,

for

He

retreats to

to

who now

There he

ecfters.

fo inglorioufly

turned his

river near

and

fleed

deferted him.

He

feized

Murve,

he met

began to colledt themfelves

Pie took from thence the

quarters.

all

remained,

the enemy, opened to himfelf a clear pafTage with

When

fword.

arm

way of Ghor, and

upon the generals who had

ordered Ali Daia, Eudadi and Sab

be conveyed to Hindoftan,

and confined

in a certain fort

life.

Tlie Sultan finding himfelf,

Hindoaan,
^j^^^^^^,^

refolved to

forces and

withdraw

make another

Modood and

his

a;t

to Hindoftan,

effort to retrieve his

Vizier Chaja

horfe, to defend Balich,

this period,

unable to withftand

tlie

he could colled

his

till

afJ^iirs.

Mahummud,

He

left

his fon

with four thoufand

and ordered his other fon Amir Mugdood,

who

THE

HISTOPvY OF HINDOSTAN.

who had come from Lahore with two

Moultan.

with

mean time Erid

In the

in

He

arms.

different ftrong holds to

Lahore,

to

from

thoufand horfe to fecure

^. D. '041,
Higer. 433.

Ear, another of his fons, was fcnt

detachment to awe the mountain Afghans, near Ghizni,

who were
way

,j 1.3

then

collecTted

Ghizni, and laying

fending for his

brother

wealth from the

his

all
it

upon camels bent his

Mahummud

the

blind

his confinement.

"When Mufaood

arrived .upon the

banks of the Gelum, the water a

tumult

in

of which, on account of its purity,

who were

flaves,

is

called the water of Paradife, the

very numerous in his camp, entered into a confe-

deracy with the camel keepers, and began to divide the

among them.
partake of the

drawn fwords,

The
fpoil,

treafure

troops obferving this, they were determined to

moment nothing was

fo that in a

ravage,

to be feen but

and confufion. Every one plundered

his neigh-

bour; fome gained much wealth, while others more weak or unfortunate,

were robbed of

and ftripped of
'

'

their

own

fearing the refentment

mob

before King, and, exalting

to

laid their

The army,

befides.

ft
of the

plunder, haftened in a

upon which they had

all

this

for

hands,

tumult, Mabummid

King, and not chufing to refund the

Mahummud

him upon

the blind,

who had

Proclaimed
King,

been

their fhoulders, proclaimed hirri

Emperor.

Mufaood was,

during

this

could to fupprefs the mutiny

time,

what

collecting

but no Iboner was

friends

known

it

he

that his

brother was proclaimed King, than the Sultan found himfelf intirely
deferted.

up

The mob

preflin?

into their hands, and

Mahummud

told

00

round him, he was obliged to give himfelf

he was carried before the

him he had no

he might pitch upon fome

family into confinement.

fort,

life,

whither he might

Sultan.

and defired

retire

with his

Sultan Mufaood, in this, extremity, chofe

the fort of Kurri, but was even in

Vol. L

defign to take his

poied,

new

diftrefs for

Q_

money

to

pay his few

.menial

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

114
A. D. 1041.
Higer. 433.

This obliged him

menial attendants.

to requefl

him

for fome.

the pitiful

fum

of^five

Mufaood, when
manner.

of

fate

**

to

accordingly ordered

be fent him

was brought him, exclaimed

it

wonderful

camels bending under

receive but the

to

Mahunnmud

Sultan

hundred dirms

Yefterday was

to fend a ^
perfon to his brother

of

after the following

Providence!

not a mighty prince

my

caft

treafure

To-day

my

mere mockery of

upon which

am

cruel

thoufand

three

reverfe

forced to beg, and

With

wants."

that he

borrowed a thoufand dirms from his fervants, and beftowed

upon

a prefent

his brother's meffenger,

who had brought

it

in

the five hun-

dred dirms, which he delired he might again carry back to his mafter

Mahummud, upon

Sultan

referving for himfelf only the

to the government,

Ahmid
3n6

w'as,

by many, fuppofed

The

difpofition.

aflkfli-

Bated.

his acceffion, advanced his fon

iirft

father, in conjundlion

to

Ahmid

name^ though

have a tindiure of madnefs in his

thing he did was,

without confulting hi^

with Soliman ben Eufoph,

and the fon of

Ali Chefhawind, to go to the caflle of Kurri ar^d aflaffinate Sultan

Mufaood, in the year 433.

But fbme affirm^ that he buried him

"

alive in i well.
lit

The

Mis charaaer.

fisH*

ilLi

rtipi of

Mufaood was nine

years and

was a prince of uncommon ftrength

Munificent to

eafy accefs,

and generous to prodigality

and
;

nine months.

bravery f

afFable,-^joB

particularly to learned mer^^

of whofe company he was exceffively fond, which drew

all

'"'^
f

many

from^

parts to his court.

'"A'SliDng

the

firft

of the learned in the court of Mufaood,

mufl reckon Abu Keihan Charifmi,

loger,

who

wrote one of the beft

Canoon Mufaoodi^

made of

filver,

for

we

a great philofopher and aftro-

ti-eatifes

upon aftronomy, called

which he was prefented with an elephant

the fizc of which,

we

are

not

told.

Cafi=

Aba^'

Mahummud

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Maliummiid Nafahi was

He

alfo a

man

much

of

115

reputation in this age.

wrote a book called Mufaoodi, in Tupport of the doctrine of

Hanifa, which he prefented to the King.

ui Sulja

that fo extenfive

tells us,

days in the

upon the

The

was the King's

month of Ramzan, he beflowed

In the

poor.

author of the Rolit

charity, that

many

colleges

Charitable.

fome

often a lack of dirms

beginning of his reign he

noble mofques, and endowed

Abu

-^-D. 1041.
Higtr. 433,

biiilt

many

Magnificent,

and fchools, which he

eredled in different cities of his dominions.

SECTION

VIL

The Reign of Abul Fatte, Chutub ul Muluck Shahab ul

fi'Dowla Amir Modood ben Mufaood ben Mamood
Ghiznavi.
la

hfiM

3flj

fio'i'

WHEN
hummud

,tlqr'hi3

news of the murder of Mufaood came to Ma- Maiiummud

the bhnd, he wept bitterly, and feverely reproached ^'0?''^^

the

the

aflaflins.

then

He,

at Balich,

calling

God

deed.

To

at the

fame time, wrote to Modood,

that fuch and fuch people had killed his

Modood

father;

hands were clear of the wicked

to witnefs, that his

this

who was

rephed, farcaftically

May God

lengthen

the days of fo good and fo merciful a King, and grant that his
fon

Ahmid, may gain glory

in

the pradice of regicide,

till

mad
his

reward be obtained from our hands.

Modood was
his father

Ghizni

marching immediately, to revenge the death of Modood

but he was perfuaded by his council, to go firft to
for

where the

^^roL

citizens,

meet him, and expreffed

tions

upon

his acceffion.

upon

their joy

his

approach, thronged cut to

in acclamations

and congratula-

af-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

ii6
In

year 433, he marched from Ghizni;

t^ie

i*;ig^r.43V.'

the bhnd, appointing his younger fon

Marches

to

revenge the
death of his

and Moultan, marched

a

'

perfon

in

the foreH: of Diner,

in

that

of the

Sind

to

way, and the two armies

arife.

length, began to fan the ftandards of

hummud, with

banks

Pilliawir

between the uncle and nephew,

flamcs of Contention began to

Totally de-

Nami, governor of

to the

Modood, who was moving

receivc

meeting

hJmm!fdV

Mahummud

while

The

of vidlory

gales

Modood, while

Sultan

at

Ma-

and Tiggi All Chefhawind, and Soliman

his fons,

ben Eufoph were taken prifoners.

They were

except Abdul Rahim,

Mahummud, whom Modood

pardoned for
prifoner,

him.

the fon of

reafon

this

that during the time that

Abdul Rahim went with

When, upon

his brother

this occafion, the

Mufaood's royal cap, Abdul Rahim

the King's head with

put to death,

all

much

refped:,

latter

took

it

Mufaood was

Abdul Reiman

to fee

threw off

infultingly

up and put

it

upon

chaftifmg his brother for his

mean and barbarous behaviour.

Modood having

thus revenged his father's murder, built a ^i^own

hn the fpot upon which he had obtained the

it

He carried

Fatte Abad.

interred at Ghizni

Ahmed

his Vizier.

that high

office,

victory,

and called

the remains of his father and family, to be

Abu Nifer
Omrah from

whither he returned, and appointed

But he foon

after difcharged that

and conferred the

dignity

upon Chuja Tlhin

Ahmed with a force to Moultan,

againH: Nami, the fon of Mahummud, whom he flew, reducing
The Sultan had now
the country under the obediencse of Modood.
nothing to fear but from his own brother, who was in poflieffion of

He

fent, at the

Lahore and
father,

its

fame time, Nilir

dependencies.

This brother, upon the murder of

marched from Moultan, and by the council of Eas,

himfelf of

all

the

country lying between

the

Sind,

his

polTefTed

Haffi and

Tannafar.
Sultan

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Hr.

Modood

Sultan

finding^ that

an

ordered

allegiance,

againft

him.

of this expedition, marched from

aDDrifed

with his whole

refided,

of flying

at

buitan

>

troops,

Ty
tie

agai..a his

brother,

Lahore, with an army

Modood were upon

the

point

deferting their

of

banners

under the

enhfting themfelves

'k^h^Modc^^^^

where he then

Haffi,

to oppofe the

of

Mi5gdoo*i

their appearance, feveral of the chiefs

and

colours,

the forces

that

numerous,

force,

before they reached

came up with them

fo

army

pay

to

brother refufed

his

117

But fortune here, or treachery, befriended Modood.

morning of the ide of facrifice, Mugdood was found dead in

MugIn the

dood.

his bed, deld'in hi^

without any previous complaint, or apparent caufe of his deceafe.^^'^But what feemed to difcover the hand of traitors, was, that next day,

and friend Eas was found dead in the fame manner,

his counfellor

Mugdood's army marched under the banners of Modood,

fo that the

fouthern countries fubmitted in peace.

Nor was Modood

lefs

fortunate towards the north.

of Maverulnere, which had for forae time aflerted

But the

fubmitted.

Siljokies,

its

The

province

independance,

notwithflanding the King had taken

one of the daughters of their chief in marriage, began

to

make

in-

curfions anew, into his territories.

In the year

4-2 c,

the Raja of Delhi, in alliance with others,

raifins:

^
an army, took Hafli, TannafTar, and their dependencies, from the
^

^-^^

governors, to

whom Modood

had entrufled them.

from thence marched towards the

fort

Invafion from-

Delhi,

The Hindoos

of Nagracot, which they

befieged for four months, and the garrifon being diftrefled for provifions,

and no fuccours coming from Lahore, were under the neceffity

of capitulating.
eredted

new

We are

idols,

The Hindoos,

according

and recommenced the

told, that

rites

to

the

antient

form,

of idolatry.

the Raja of Delhi, obferving a weaknefs in A

pretended

^''^"*

the empire of Ghizni, pretended to have feen a vifion, in which

lich
the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

ii8

fii^r '4^5
f

^^^^

great idol of Nagracot told him, that having

felf

upon Ghlzni, he would meet him

temple.

This

ftory being propagated

bly were in the fecret,

it

faw himfelf
as

we have

at the

Nagracot

at

among

zealots

former

in his

who

by the Brahmins,

gained faith

which means the Raja was joined by

now revenged himp

proba-

the fuperflitious, byi

from

With

head of a very numerous army.

and

parts,

all

this

foon.'

army,

when

already mentioned, he befieged Nagracot^ and

the>

place furrcndered, he took care to have an idol, of the fame fliape.

and

with the former, which he had caufed to be made

fize

holy trkk. "^^^"'^^^^'^*

night, into a garden in the center of the

^'^

This image being difcovered in the morning, there was

among

rejoicing

who

his deluded votaries,

The

was returned from Ghizni.

carried

him

Delhi,
place..'

a prodigious

God

exclaimed, that their

Raja, and the Brahmins, taking

advantage of the credulity of the populace, with great

feftivity,

at

into the temple,

pomp and

where he received the worfliip

and congratulations of his people.

This

came

him

ftory raifed fo

daily to worfhip
as

much
from

an oracle, upon

confultation

was

this

all

the fame of the idol, that thoufands

all

parts of Hindoftan, as alfo to confult

The manner

important occafions.

the perfons

who came

,of

to inquire into futurity,

flepton the floor of the temple before him, after drinking a dofe of

fomething which the Brahmins prefcribed, to create dreams, from

which they prcdided

their

own

their fortune, in

the morning, according to

fancy.
^Vfli bnfi

The

fiege

Laho.e.

of

The fuccefs

of the Raja of Delhi gave fuch confidence to the Rajas

of Punjaab, and other places,

durft hardly creep

yet

now

from

that

though before

their holes, for fear of the

they put on the afpedt of

at defiance.

,3Dit/;

lions,

and openly

like foxes

MufTelman arms,
fet

Three of thofe Rajas, with ten thoufand

innumerable army of foot, advanced

3

they

their maflers

horfe,

and an

^o.^^^^,^re^^, ^|}(i^JnYf.ft^'^

^t.

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The MufTulmenj
exerted

all

ift'

119

'defence of their laws, families, and effedls,

^43
Higer. 435.

imaginable valour upon this occafion, during the fpace of

/even months, defending the town, ftreet by ftreet

being bad, were foon laid in ruins.

for the walls

Finding, however, that in the

they muft be rooted out by this defenfive war, unlefs they had

end,

fpeedy fuccours, they bound themfelves by oath, to devote their

to vid:ory or martyrdom, and

making

their refolutlon,

^^.^^^

a fally out of the city, prefented

The Hin-

themfelves in order of battle, before the enemy's camp.

doos, either ftruck with their

lives

unexpeded appearance, or intimidated by

betook themfelves inftantly to

flight,

and were pur-

fued with great flaughter.

In the year preceding this event, the King fent Artagi Hajib, with

an army, to Tiberiftan, againft the Turkumans.

that place, he heard that the fon of

but

when

the

two armies drew up

chief of the Turkumans,

Daood had advanced

in order

who was

When he

reached

to

Arkin

againft one another, the

young man, without

either

experience or courage, (hewed fuch pufillanimity in arranging his

enemy had begun the charge before they were proformed, which occafioned an immediate confufion, fo that

troops, that the

perly

they abandoned the

field,

Ians^*j'".

and were purfued with great flaughter. Artagi

having returned from the purfuit, marched diredly to Balich, which

the

Turkumans had taken, and

Not long
force,

after,

the

Turkumans advanced

and invefted the fame place.

and Artagi was too weak

to

recovered that city out of their hands^-

Modood for

fuccours.

io

As

it

was not very

engage the enemy

The

again with a powerful

defenfible,

in the field,

fuccours not arriving, and the general

finding his difficulties daily increafing,

and his force diminilliing,

determined to evacuate the place, which he accordingly

fled to

he wrote

Ghizni, with a few of his attendants.

'

-did,

and

But the popular outcry

ivas fo great againft the unfortunate Artagi, that the Sultan

was

obli-

THE HISTORY OF PIINDOSTAN-

120
A P. 104+
Higer 436.

gcd, in fome meafure, to filence the clamour by

the death of his fer^
^

About

A'tagi H:ijib vaiit.

put touc I.,
^^^.^j^

In

rd"dcfcated.

time another tribe of the Turkumans of Ghizizi

inciirfion into the

againft

TbeTur'ku-

this

Ghiznian

whom Modood fent an army,

t|ie

which gave them

year, Tughril Hajib

whence he proceeded

was

exalted to that dignity

Chaja

and, in the

with a force, towards Buft, from

fent,

to Seiftan,

Buft,

a fignal defeat.

year 43 6, Chaja Tahir the vizier was depofcd, and

Abul Fatte Abdul Ryfaac, was

fame

by the way of

territories,

own

and b?ought his

brother, and

Abu Munfur, who had rebelled againft the King, prifoners to

Ghizni. The Turkumans of Siljoki, in the year following, colle<3:ed

Ringi

all

and directed their march towards Ghizni, plundering

their forces,

Tughril was ordered againft them, with the

the palace of Buft.

them with

troops of Ghizni, and he defeated

them out of the country.

purfued

marched immediately

Tughril
'*

re-

brought

to

Tughril

victory

this

Turkumans of Candahar, whom

defeating them alfo, took many prifoners,

againft the

they called red-caps, and,

whom he

After

great flaughter, and

Ghizni.

In the 438th year, Tughril was again ordered to Buft:, with

rous

army

nume-

but when he came toTiggiabad, he began todifcover the

News

traitor.

of his revolt having reached Modood, he fent fome

perfons to endeavour to reclaim

him

to his duty,

with promifes of par-

don, anda removal of allthedifgufts which hemighthave entertained.

To

himfelf
life,

Tughril replied, that the reafon of

this
:

That he had an information of

by thofe fycophants, whofe only

this ftep

a plot

bufinefs

was

to fecure

formed againfl his

was

to

fland by the

throne, and to amufe the too eafy ears of the King, with
flattery
jedl,

That being once forced

gone too

they had no
vchiefs

were

far to retreat.

efFedt

ftill

to difobedience,

The King's

lies

he had, for

emiflaries

and

a fub-

however, though

upon Tughril, found that the moft part of the

loyal to the King, and

brought over others,

who
had

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

had changed, rather out of a

Upon

their fovereign.

in

of innovation, than

defire

this they returned,

121
P-

dirafFe(flIon to

'o4'^^-

and having told to the King

what manner things were concerted with the other chiefs, he imwith two thoufand horfe, to

mediately ordered Ali ben Ribbi,

Dcfened by

favour the infurreiflion, fo that Tughril, finding himfelf defcrted by

the army, upon the appearance of Ali ben Ribbi, betook himfelf to
flight,

with a few of his adherents.

Hajib bab Tiggi was

who

ance of Willidingi,

marched

againft

of

it

Abu

Ali,

fame year fent to Ghor, to the

him with

joining

fo flrong,

Wil-

they both

force,

his

affift-

chief of Ghor, and having driven

he was there befieged and taken

into a fort,

reckoned

in the

Jf^^^^?'^

him

This place was

prifoner.

that forfeven hundred years before, the reduction

When

had not been attempted by any body.

found himfelf mafter of the

Hajib bab Tiggi

he treacheroufly

fort,

laid

hands upon

Willidingi, whofe right he came to fupport,

and carried him in
rr
'

^
chains with Abu Ali, to Ghizni, where the perfidious King fettled
'

by cutting off both

their difpute,

Hajib bab Tiggi was

engaged them, gaining,

the

enemy

at length,

again, in the year 439, fent againft

whom

death,

their heads.

fent, foon after, againft

He met

of the Turkumans.

his tribute,

bafely put to

he fabdued,

Byram Neal,

in the diftridts

the long difputed

Amir

Kifdar,

of Buft, and

He

was

refufed to

pay

field.

who

general

and obliged to comply with the

King's commands, and returned with his army to Ghizni, the year
following.

Sultan
lat,

Modood,

drums and colours, upon

*

mood,

whom

Pefhawir.

was

the following year, in one day, conferred the cheModood

fent to

VoL.

I.

his

two

eldeft

fons,

Abul Cafim Ma-

he fent to Lahore, and upon Munfur,

At the fame time Abu

command

in Hindoftan.

whom he

Ali, chief magiftrate

Abu

Ali

firft

&c. on two
fent to of h'sfons.

of Ghizni,

marched

con-

^'"'^''^''^"'"'

to Pefhavvir.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

122
A. D. 1047.
Higer. 439'

from Ahin, who had rebelled

wir, and took the fort of Mahitila,

.

againft the King's authority, then fent a letter of invitation to

who had

Rai, a general of the Hindoos,

Mamood,

time of Sultan

had

but,

upon account of fome

from the court, and had taken up

fled

The

of Caflimire.

much

done

invitation being

his

Higgi
in

fervice

th

political matters,

abode in the mountains

complied with, the King defired

his attendance at Ghizni.

While Abu

Ali was fettling the countries about the Sind, fome

malicious chiefs

in

him, to the King.

his

camp, forwarded many complaints againft

He was called

and with adefign

Abu AH

put

o death..

and foon

to extort

to

Ghizni, and imprifoned, under

This man, out of former enmity,

the care of one Mirik ben HalTen.

money from him, put him

to the torture,

Fearing, however, that the

after to death itfelf.

{qj^q Jay enquire for the prifoner, and order hini

.to

King might

be produced, he

hirafelf being then a great favourite, endeavoured to divert

mind

to

fome important

affairs,

till

he fhould be able

He at length prevailed

excufe for the death of Abu Ali.

tan to form an expedition againft ChorralTan,

When

upon the Sul-

by the way of CabuL

conliderable treafure lodged.

But there the King

which

daily gaining ground,

falls

feized

with a diforder in his

he was obliged

to proceed

liver,

to Ghizni in a

Abul Ryfac, with the army, marched

the Siljokies,

When
prifoner

Modood's

frame fome

they reached Lowgur, they befieged the fort of Sancoot,

where there was a

Wodood

to

the

Abu

who had
King

litter

while his

invaded that country.

arrived at Ghizni,

Ali before him.

he ordered Mirik to

bring, his

Mirik, by plaufible excufes, delayed

the time for a week, before the expiration of which, Sultan

took his leave of the world,

pne,,

vizier,

back. in,to Seiftan, to oppofe

having reigiied nine

in the year four

yearSt,'

hundred

Modood

and. forty

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The Reign of Abu

WHEN

Musaood ben Modood.

jaffier

Modood had

vni.

taken his journey to the other world,

Ali ben Ribbi had formed a defign to ufurp the throne

concealitig

who was
jib,

his intentions,

he raifed Mufaood, the fon of Modood,

made

a partner in his meafures,

who were

and drew off with half the army,

kingdom was thus

fplit

into

two

fadlions,

which Ali ben Ribbi being worfted, the

Abul Haffen

Ali,

after a reign

C T

t'he^*^^*^

The

his intereft.

and came to

fadtion of

aflion

in

Bab Tiggi took

who had

efcaped

^j^^

proclaimed him King, depofing

refentment of Ali ben Ribbi, and

Abu Jaffier Mufaood,

Mufaood, an
upon

was highly offended,

in

one of the fons of Mufaood,

^^-/D. 10+9.

Bab Tiggi Ha-

then a child of four years, to the Mufnud.

not being

b Qt

of

fix days.

O N

IX.

The Reign of Sultan Abul Hassen Ali ben Mufaood.

UPON

friday, the

forty one. Sultan

firft

of Shaban, in the year four hundred and

AbulHaffen AH afcended the throne of Ghizni,

and took the wife of Modood in marriage.

In the

mean time

Ali ben

Ribbi, in affociation with Mirik, broke open the treafury, and taking
out a vaft quantity of gold and jewels,

and fome of the Omrahs,

toPefhawir.
great army,

making

fled,

with a company of the

whom they had brought over

At PeQiawir they were joined by the

and reduced Moultan and Sind to

a great flaughter of the

Afghans or Patans,

flaves,

to their intereft,

natives, raifed a
their

obedience,

who had

taken

advantage of the public difturbances, to plunder the country.

In

^bul HafTea
fjj

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

114

In theyear four hundred and forty three, Sultan AbulHafTen Ali,called

A. D. lojt.
Higer. 443.
Defeated and

hisbrothcrs,

AbdulRelhid.

they had been imprlfoned, and treated them with afFedlion and

form a faftion

opened

in his

his treafury,

own

favour.

To

crufh Refhid, the

and entertained a great army

which, his power began daily

King

notwithftanding

to decline.

vifibly

refpe<ft.

Mamood, began

But, at this time, Abdul Relhid, the fon of Sultan

to

MurdaShaw,andEzid Ear, from thefort ofNaalama, where

Abdul Refhid

advanced in the mean time, with his army, to Ghizni, and, gaining
a compleat vidlory, afcended the throne.

SECTION
The Reign
mounl^he''^
(hrone.

Abdul Reshid,

of Zein ul Muluck, Sultan

BDUL RES HID,

\.

X.

fon of Sultan

we have already mentioned, was the

Mamood, and was, by the order of Modobd,
as

imprifoned in a caftle near Buft.

When

Abdul Ryfac, about the time

of the death of Modood, marched with an army, to

of Seiftan

he,

fettle

upon hearing of the King's death,

the country

in confederacy

with Chaja Abul Fazil, Refid ben Altafalh, and Nolhtagi Hajib,
443, releafed Abdul Refhid from his confinement, and,
aflerting his caufe with vigour, raifed him, as we have feen, to the
in the year

His predecefTor Abul HalTen Ali, was feized by fome of

throne.

the Zemindars, in the country into which he had

foner before Refhid, and confined in the fort of

ly

ings over

The

Ahii.nRibbi.^j^^

Sultan,

by

had ufurped the provinces of Hindoflan,

command

He

brought pri-

DidL

upon Ali ben

various means, prevailed

giance, and return to Ghizni.

fled,

Ribbi,,

to fubmit to his alle-

appointed Nofhtagi Hajib to the

of thofe provinces, created

him

an

Omrah, and

fent

him
with.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

with a

fine

army

Lahore.

to

Hajib,

upon

way,

his

turning

*<^^i^r'444

Nagracot, laid fiege to that place, and on the fixth day, fcaling the
walls, took

Tughril,

it

by

alTault.

whom we

have already mentioned,

now

ftanding his treachery to his former mafter,

with the government of

proper regulations.

again intrufted

up by the

ftirred

fpirit

of treachery and^i^g^i'l

ambition, he conceived hopes of afluming royalty;

great army,

marched towards Ghizni ;

it

long,

which he however did

taken

at length,

inhumanly put

to

the

laft

for

him

extremity.

to death

Befieges

to defend it

Ghizni was The

and the Sultan with nine of the blood royal were

Sultan,

^'^^

nJin"

by the ufurper, who now afcended the

But Tughril did not long enjoy the

throne.

Refliid being

himfelf up; but the

fliut

was impoffible

re-

and raifing a

where Abdul

almoft deftitute of .troops, was forced to

place being very extenfive,

notwith-

which he foon brought under

Seiftan,

Being

was,

fruits

of his villany

having wrote to Nolhtagi Hajib, endeavouring to bring him over by

fair means to acknowledge him, that chief anfwered him with the

contempt he deferved.
Hajib, at the fame time, wrote private letters to the daughter of

Mufaood,

the tyrant had compelled to marry him, as alfo to

Omrahs who he knew had retained

imperial family, fpiriting them up to ccnfpire
life.
They were fo far excit-ed to refentment,
all

whom

the

forthwith formed

amongfi: them,

and put

their loyalty for

the

againft the ufurper's

that a confpiracy
in execution

was The

on new

when Tughril was ftepping up to the throne

audience.
Thus the ufurper, at the end of forty days,

year's day,

to give

public

arrived

at his tragical end.

'

After this important tranfadion, Noilrtagi Hajib arrived at Ghizni

Vihh his army,

and calling a council of

flate,

enc[uired

whether
any

Ufurper

THE JHSTORV OF HINDOSTAN.

,26
A. D. io;z.

Ferodi z.iad
made King.

;iny vct

remained of

occ

tlic

imprifoued io a certain

there were

flill

and Suja.

Thefe he ordered

fortunc fliould decide

who was

2aad,

it

by

fliould reign

The

reign

being agreed that

(he favoured Firoch

and received

year.

....

one of his intimate

what

friends,

ing to the empire, replied, that

to take the

it

of Abdul Refliid compre-

Certain author tells us, that Tughril,

Tughril.

and

accordingly placed upon the throne,

hended only one

who

informed th^t

Firoch Zaad, Ibrahim

fort,

to be called,

lot

the allegiance of the court

Anecdote of

He was

Subudjgi,

government of

being one

induced him to think of afpir-

when Abdul Refhid

Seiftan,

alked by

d.iy

difpatched

him

he found that his hand trembled,

from which circumftance he concluded, that he was deftitute of that

refolution and fortitude which are neceflary accomplifhments of a King.

E c

o N

xr.

Dowla FerochZaad, ben Sultan

Mufaood Ghiznavi.

TheReignof Jemmal

NoOitaoi

Soes
fairs

the af-

of Hate.

HEN

'^V

upon

ul

he gave the reins of adminijflration into the

his head,

NoHitagi Hajib,

^^^^^

Daood, chief of

the Siljoki

in the empire,

feized

Ghizni.

He

colleding

all

engaged^ the
blood

on both

for,

fides

Zaad placed the crown of fortune

Sultan Feroch

who had

called

him from

upon that favourable opportunity

advanced with a numerous army,

his forces,
fire

went

forth to

of gleaming

from the

obfcurity.

Turkumans, hearing of the commotions

fteel

rifing to the

laboured in the

field

meet him.

to invade

while Nofhtagi,

When

was extinguifhed

the armies

in torrents

of

fetting of the fun, the warriors

of death

and though thoufands

fell

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

at

fell

Vidory

their feet, they

feemed

field,

own

mortality,
^-^^l

length declared for Nofhtagi, while his enemies betook

at

themfelves to flight, leaving

the

of their

infenfible

127

all

their

camp equipage and baggage on

who

immediately returned

vicftorious

eftablifh

Feroch Zaad without

fear

to the conquerors,

'^^;

Ov^^hm*^*
mans,

to Ghizni.

This vldtory ferved

He now

the throne.

to

upon

exalted the ftandard of triumph, and inclined

towards Chorraffan, where, on the part of the Siljoki, he was met

by Callitarick, one of their principal Omrahs, with a numerous

it

army.

When

the engagement
as the

and contention appeared,

of eloquence cannot

commenced,

fuch a flame of rage

tongue of the travellers of the plain

fufficiently exprefs

fanned the royal ftandards of Ghizni,

then

alfo the gales

of vidory

and Callifarick and

p^^^^^

^aad

^^^'^^^^^^

feveral mans,

other perfons of note were taken prifoners.

Intelligence of this defeat

all

his forces,

coming

which he fubmltted

to

Daood

to the

a youth of great expectations.

Arfilla,

the King, and having engaged

the honour of the

Ghizni prifoners
time, to

make

Turkumans,

in thepurfuit.

him with

Siljoki,

command
Arfilla

he collefted

Defeated by

of his fon Alib

advanced to oppofe

great refolution, recovered

and took many of the Omrahs of

But he did not think proper

at that

further ufe of his fbrtune, and he therefore returned

with his vidorious army.

When Sultan
and

all

Ferojsh

Zaad

the prifoners of the

arrived at Ghizni,

Turkumans

upon each of them the honour of

liberty.

The Turkumans

a light, the

he

called Callifarick

into his prefence,

a drefs,

returning home,

beflowed

and gave them their

reprefented in fo flrong

humanity of the King, that Daood, afliamed tabe out-

done in a virtuous adtion, ordered the prifoners of GThizni

to be alfo

releafed..

Sultan;

Prifoners re-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

12,3

A.D.

ic^d.

lJiger.'4jo.

who, according

Sultan Feroch"ZaaidJ*
.

to the beft authorities, v/as

ion of Mufcioodj though fome fay that Abdul Refliid

having extended his reign to

Fcroch ZaaJ

tlicr^'

fix years, in

was

his father,

the year four hundred and fifty

The year

tufncd hls face to the regions of futurity.

before his death;

his Haves having been inftigated to a confpiracy againft his hfe,

him

an attempt to aflaflmate

in

the

'

made

Feroch Zaad having

bath.

wrefted a fword out of the hand of one of them, killed many, and

defended himfelf againft the

came

in to his aHiftance

inftant death.
latter part

His

firft

of his reign,

reft,

till

his guards hearing the noife,

upon which,

vizier

Abu

was Haflen ben Mora, and

in the

Beker Saley.

SECTION
The Reiga

the flaves were put to

all

of Zahir ul

xn.

Dowla Sultan Ibrahim, ben

Mufliood Ghiznavi.

Ibrahim,

TT

H EN

Fcroch Zaad became the inhabitant of another world,

Sultan Ibrahim afcended the

and^good'

remarkable

for

throne of empire

King^

morality and devotion, having in the flower of his

youth, amidft a paradife of pleafure, conquered

tites,

and added two months more to the

he kept with the

ftrideft feverity.

He,

all

feaft

at the

the fenfual appe-

of Ramzan, which

fame time, gave pro-

per attention to government, and the due adminrftration'of juftlce, and

opened the hand of charity

art

of fine writing, and in the libraries of

are

two copies of the Koran wrote by

Peace with the feat as prefents to

Turkumans.

This prince excelled

to the poor.

^QJ^^|^J^e^J ^ treaty

the Caliph.

Mecca and Medina,

his

In the

own

firft

in the

there

hand, which were

year of his reign, he

of peace with the Turkumans,

ceding to them
all

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAH.

all

A. D. los
Higcr, 45c

upoa condition that they would

the countries they had feized,

.

not lengthen the hand of violence ?ny further upon his dominions.

He

married, at the fame time, his fon Mufaood, to the daughter of

their

King, Malleck Shaw, which opened the door of friendfhip

and intercourfe between the two nations.

We

are told, that before this peace

was concluded, Malleck Shaw

had colledled a great army, with an intention to invade .Ghizni,

which

greatly intimidated Ibrahim, as he

But
tion to oppofe him.
^
fubftitute for ftrength, he

knowing
wrote

was not then

that policy

was

to

how

to proceed.

importune the Omrahs,

the King's march to Ghizni,

difcovered;

gagements

The

fometimes a ?ood

to

a meffenger

The purport

who had

of thofe

letters

to haften

fcheme fhould be prematurely

and that they might depend upon his

fulfilling his

en-

to their fatisfaction.

mefienger accordingly took an opportunity one day,

Malleck Shaw was hunting,

running towards him

upon the road

but upon difcovering

ti.e

to

Ghizni, to

King, he

when

King of

come

decdvcT"^

ftole flovv'ly

away, which creating fufpicion, he was purfued by fome horfemen,

He was imme. 'lately

and brought before the King.

the pacquet was found upon

him

fcarched, and

though he had previouily fuffcred

The

himfelf to be feverely baftinadoed, without confefiing any thing.

King
tors
it

having read thefe letters, the

was fuch,

that there was great

raifed fuch a diffidence in his

defirous of peace, and gave over

power of
danger

the fuppofed confpira-

in accufing

them

but

mind, that he, from that time, was

all

thoughts of his expedition.

V/hen the mind of Ibrahim was quieted from any apprehenfions

from that quarter, he fent an army towards Hindoftan, and con-

Vol.

I.

of

Ibrahim,

Omrahs of

whom they were direded,

left their

Po^'^v

letters to the principal

Malleck Shaw's army, which he difpatched by

received his inftrudions

is

in a condi-

quered

ihi

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

lu^'^^^z'
Ibrahim's exT edit ion to

^"^^'^^^

many

^'^^^^'^

^^^'^

places

in

which before had not been

that country,

MulTulman arms.

In the year 472, he

towards that country, and extended his conquefls

to the fort of
^

felf

iiindoaan.

'

Ajodin,

now

called

to another fort called

fummit of

a fteep hill

Rupal, which was built upon, the

a river enclofed

it

much

with an impervious wood, and

on three

infefted

ordered fome thoufand hatchet

they efFeded
foft,

in

of

fpite

way

which were brought down

made

taken, and the garrifon

He marched

from thence

rebellions.

independant

(late,

preferved their

rock

lace

The

being

was immediately

their

in the neighbourhood,

from

by Afranfiab

families,

rites,

and

ChorrafTan,

into

being encircled by impaffible mountains

cleared a road for his

rainy feafon,

originally

ancient curtoms and

the town, which

wood, which

the

Here they formed themfelves

with any other people.

attempt.

his

time under the walls,

town

to another

were banifhed thither, with

frequent

The

ferpents.

prifoners.

which came

the inhabitants of

from

and

in a {liort

ruins.

in

entirely covered

clear the

to

oppofition

all

the miners forced their

men

and a fmall

by venemous

This, however, did not difcourage the Sultan

He

fides,

which were

to the other hills,

it

This place being taken,

Palanfliukurgunge.

he turned

peninfula joined

Takes Rupal.

marched him-

-f-,

for

a fmall

and had

without intermarrying

Sultan having, with infinite labour,

army over the mountains, advanced towards

was well

He

fortified.

and his army was greatly

months he was obliged

to

remain

was overtaken by the

diftrefled

idle before

it.

during three

But when the

rains

began to abate, and the country to dry up, he fummoned the town
to furrender,

and acknowledge the

faith.

Ibrahim's propofals being rejeded he

continued fome weeks,

\

name common

commenced

the fiege, v/hicTi

with great llaughter on both

fides.

The

to a long race of Perfian Kings.

town

rm

HISTORY OF HIND06TAN,

much

length was taken by aifault, and the MuiTulmen found

'
^
wealth within it, and one hundred thouliind unfortunate per-

fons,

whom

town

King

at

8omc time after, the

unhappy men carrying a heavy

they carried bound to Ghi^ni.

accidentally faw one of thofe

(tone with

great difBculty and labour, to a palace

building.

This awakened his pity

it

down, and gave him

to

'troublefome to paifengers

known, none would

tumbled with

mention

to

thought,

if his

Majefty pleafcd, that

moved.

To which

tunes of war, and

j'bbftinate,

the

and there

throw

it

King
it

and proved

replied

it

mu(^ remain

my oWn

pity

For

remove it>

infmuating,

were advifable
**

attem.pt to

his horfe over this ftone,

King;

to the

took occafion

there,

to

but as the King's rigid adherence to his

v/as univerfally

upon the public road,

lie

courtier one day, having

^thrown

he commanded him

his liberty,

This ftonc happened

commands

which wus then

to have

have commanded

as a
it is

he

that

re-

it

it

to

be

mem.orial of the misforbetter for a

King

to

be

even in his inadvertencies, than to break his royal word,"

^^Thc ftone was accordingly permitted to remain, where

it is

fhewn

as

a curiofity to this day.

SuftaWWt^ihirJi had thirty fix Tons and forty daughters.

ter

he gave

492, he

in

marriage to learned and religious men^

left this niortal ftate,

happinefs forty two years.

was

In the year

In his time fiourifhed Abul Farrhe,

He-is ef^cemed a mafter in poetry

was one of

lat-

having reigned in tranquility and

a native of Seiftan, according to fome,

"Ghi^nl'
furi

after

The

who

but as others aiiirm, pf

j

.md the famous

An-

his difciples.

S 2

SECTION

''?9'-

"'g*r 472*1-1

THE

132

;J|J^ftflY,^pF.Ji}NDOSTAN.

S.^^C
']j'|\e,I^^t{^.c^Alla ul

0,^^X111.

Dowla Musaood,.

beixJbijahim bei|

Mufaood Ghiznavi.
A. D.

joc)8.

O ULTAN

Mufaood, the'fon of Ibrahim, was endowed with

bencvolciit and generous difpofition.

Muiaood^a*
good Prince, for his jiiftice

and found

He

policy.

Nor was he

lefs

famoiis

revifed the ancient laws arid

regulations of the ftate, and abrogating fuch as were thought unrea-?^

fonable, fubftituted others in their place, founded
ples.

Mehid

He

upon

better princi-

took the daughter of Sultan Sinjer Siljoki, whofe

in

Irac,

marriage,

which cemented

the

name was

peace between?

them.
reign of Mufaood,

Hajib Tig}ia

pediHon

^^^^

command

Hindoftan.

Hajib Tigha Tiggi was honoured

of a great expedition,

rich cities

to Lahore.

Sultan Mafaood dies,

againft

CrofTing the Ganges he carried his conquefts further

than any MufTulman, except Sultan

many

which he formed

Mamood

and having plundered

and temples of their wealth, returned in triumph,

n^bnoq^h

After Sultan Mufaood had reigned fixteen years, without domeftic

troublcs, or foreign wars,

end of the year

five

he entered his eternal abode in the

hundred and eight.

death, his fon Shere

Zaad placed

We

his foot

latter

are told, that after his

upon the imperial

He enjoyed it only one year, being affaffinated by the hand

own brother Arfilla Shaw,, who affumed the diadem.

thronq^...

of his

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The Reign
T

HEN
all

Arfilla

Shaw ben Mufaood.

of Ghizni, he
Shaw became Kin?

his brothers, excepting

Bvram Shaw, who was

them.

XIV.

of Sultan ul Do wlaAR sill a

one

who

Sultan Sinjer, having

out of the Sul-

who

brothers,

march, which

But Sultan

that he

But

inhuman treatment of her other

peace, with a great

to

could

his

continue

have no

mother, Mehid

him

fum of money,

to fend

fufficient

the expence of his expedition.

Sultan Sinjer, to profecute the war with

Sinjer immediately

marched,

all

mother!'^
'

.^b^5oo'

her to negotiate a

to reimburfe

When

fhe

Sultan

arrived in

Byram Shaw, and

expedition.

with thirty thoufand horfe, and

thoufand foot, from Buft, where he

cppofition,

Mu-

Aifiila de-

children, with well

the camp, fhe, according to her defign, excited

fifty

he might

that

was found

Sinjer

haw

convinced Arfilla

dificmbled affedion, prevailed upon

for

mvafion
his favour,.

city.

being offended with him for the murder of his brother

Sinjer,

Mahummud,

dependance upon any thing but his fword.

his

foT^i^orraflkn!

and he indeed pretended to be inclinable to

make peace between them.

faood, and

'i

hearing of the intended invafion, wrote letters of com-

command him back

Irac,

then, on thet .^anhH boog

and he accordingly
m

'

plain^ to Sinjer's elder brother, Sultan

his

bro-

'^ '^

ther.

the province of Chorrafait.^

ruled

pretence for invading the kingdom of Ghizni

^
^
advanced the ftandard of hoftility towards that

Shaw

ArfiJiaconfines His

which was. not. complied with, made the caufe of Byram Shawc

Arfilla

Higer. 509.

'

demanded the releafement of the other

A- D.

upon

fo fortunate as to get

Mahummud,

feized

efcaped, and confined.

'tan's handsj fled for prote<fLlon to SuJtan Sinjer,

part of his brother

133

Sultan Sinjer
^'"'^

then

lay,

and, without

advanced within one pharfang of Ghizni,

where he
beheldi

filla,

THE inSTOKY OF HINDOSTAN.

J34
A, D. 111
(-liger.

b'^lidd ibc

505,

He

him.

of AiiUlaShaw drawn outin order of

army
^

therefore jntlantl^ ordered the line to bo formed, dividing

and

his horfc intD fquHdr-ofis,

h)^f,ijvaly- vv;itj^ el,e{3l]ants in

occaf'On.

jUioi^over.

upon both

thft r;ar,

to be ready

advance upon

tg

fjdes,

The

receive the charge.

to

that order Pnd

command

Hiock W^B"^

yielded to rage nnd

of arms that illumir4ated the 6eld, was

quenchfed In blood, and darkened by clouds of duft, that took

At length,

diftlndtion,

and

by the

uncommon

bravery of

governor of Sclftan, the troops of Ghiisni were put to

Fa^il,
Hin-

firni

The gl^am

confufion.

all

flies to

of fpe^.r-men in tho

jilae/n^ 'batt^dions-

Encouraging then his troops, he advanced Itowly toward the

enemy, ^vho Aood

vl(jlent

battle, to receive

Arfi'da

Shaw, unable

renew the combat,

to

tied

fotjn

away

Abul
flight,

difordcr

in

towards Hindoaan,

Sultan Sinjer entered Ghljjniin triumph, where he remained forty

days, giving the

own

kingdom

When

country.

to

all

\i

again

by^siSjcr!'"

a fecond

purfued, that his

who
endfhin,

Shaw

Arfilla

dlfperfed,

to procure
In the

their

own

after

In this rdgn bli^orians report, that,

fell a

ftormof

fart of

its

fire

to

nnd drove
fo clofely

while a few of his Omrahs,

pardon.

syth year of his agOy

Hlndof-

he (hcjuM be

But he was

remained, laid hand upon him, and brought

3haw,

feth

till

Sinjer ^gain took t-he fjeld,

time back to Hindoilan.

army was

the departure of

Byram Shaw, unable

himfelf up in the fort of Bamia,

fliut

fuccQured by Sultan Sinjer,

then returning to hia

his troops in the provinces of

and returned to recover his capital.

oppofe him.,

?.nd

Shaw had heard of

Arfilla

Bultan Sinjer, he collected

wubaruiiny,

Byram ShaWs

Arulla

him

iuffered

to

Bvram

vjolcnt

he had reigned three years.

among

other prodigies, there

upon the cityof Ghishi, which conlumcd

a great

buildings,

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

SECTION
The Reign

of

Moaz

ul

promoter of

and a

literature,

men of letters

XV.

dowlaBvRAM Shaw, ben

"'HIS Prince was bleft with

He had an uncommon thirfl

135

Mufliood.

a noble and generous difpofitioa. A. D.

after

knowlege

he wis a great

Shech Nizami, a^d

reforted to his court, particularly

Many books

Seid Hafl'en, both poets and philofophers of great fame.

Byram,

Many-

patron of learned men.

liberal

ms.

''fioo'^frince;

'^n

encoara-

were, in this reign, tranflated from various languages, into the Per- mg.
fian

tongue

called

among

the moft famous of which, was an Hin.Soo book,

the Killila Dumiia,

a fabulous (lory, pregnant

with found

morality, policy, and entertainment.

This book was fent formerly by the King of Hindoftan, accompanied by a Chefs table, tQ Nofliirwan, firnamed

Buzurg Chimere

Iran.

verfed in

all

the

known

his vizier, firnamed

unknown

who

imagined

in thofe parts.

chefs-boardi as that

the

fadcr to

draw

to. have this

to. play.

him

The

at that time,

own weapons,

then inven-ted the

to the aftonifhmcnt

of the Aa

was entirely

that he

unknown

who was

in Perfia..

the principles,
firft

game he

The

King

obliged the

fojitary

ambaflador was fo

game of back-gammon,

who

having

Buzurg Chimere

would play no more.

He

efteemed the beft

matter explained to him,

the fecond he chaced his

he gave him check-mate.

at his

fo well

But he could form no conception of the

game was,

accordin-ly difcovercd to

.down with him

The Wife, was

Sanfcrita language

therefore had recourfeto the ambaffador,

player in Hindoflan,

King of

Juft,

languages, that in a few days he tranflated the

KillilaDumna int^Phelevi or antientPerfic,

ambaflador,

The

fat

ambaf-

and the third

mad

to be foiled

Buzurg Chimere

returning a

fet

of thofe
tables^.

j-

digre!ton'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

,36

by the ambaflador, who having

A.D. uiS. tables,

related his adventure

witU

Buzurg Chimcrc, and given an account of the genius and government

of Nofhirwan, his mafter gave up

thoughts of an invafion, which

all

he had been meditating againft that King.

The

prefent of the chefs-board

upon the genius of the

game of ftate,
While

that true

Byramfe

tlci

Eut

jedts

table,,

The

whom

firft:

he was again
Ghizni.

Nagore,

In
in

-which was returned, fignified,

to the calls

in

and

afpires o

the empire,

mean

jj^j^j j-^g

him, upon fvvearing

5^ainf"iai,

al'legiance^

government, and the King returried'to

time,

Mahummud

BiYin built

Afghans, and Chiiiigies,

upon the Hindoo Rajas, which

the fort of
ail

com pofed

his

chiefly

he committed gr6at

fuccefs fo puffed

him

up,

afpircd at length to the empire.

Byram Shaw being

Byram

Mahummud

the country of Sewalic, whither he conveyed

Perlians,

<leva{lations

the days of his

he defeated, and took, the 27th of.Ramfatj.,

wealth, famil}^ andeffefls; then raifing an army,

of Arabs,

of fortune.

of the government of Lahore, on the part

rein flated in his

the

always an over-match for

time he went to reduce

^n the year 512, but having pardoned

Bilin builds

wife

into Hindoftan, chaflifing his refractory fub-

who had poITeffion

of Arlilla Shaw,

is

Byram Shaw,

to our hiftory.

and Zemindars.

Balin,

policy

game of life according

went twice

Hmdortan"'^ profperity,

were better friends than fortune.

capacity alone cannot always infure fucccfs, but

mufl; play the

to fcturn

experiment

an

tenor, flrongly inculcated that

wifdom and

that attention and

we

whole

The back-gammon

ftrength.

that

its

as

and to indicate that in the great

attention and capacity

the book, in

maxim,

minifter,

was intended

his army,

and

apprized of the intentions of Balin^ co^ledled

Mahum-

fecond time marched towards Hindoftan.

Balin, With his ten fons,

vince, advanced to

who had

meet the king,

each the

as far as
J

command

Moultan, with

of a pro-

a pcvrcrful

army

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAH.

A

trmv.
'

dreadful battle cnfued

137-

...

bat the curfe of ingratitude wasA. D.

1150V
Higer. 545,

poured, in a (iovm, upon the head of the perfidious rebel, who, in

with his ten fons and attendants,

his flight,

fell

headlong into a deep

quagmire, where they were totally overwhelmed, and every one of

them

periflied.

The

King,

after this

compleat vidory,

appointing Sallar Huflein to the chief

Hefoon

returned himfelf to Ghizni.

Mahummud

ul dien

This, in

Balln.

army

Ghor

place called Kirma,

ruin of his empire.

diredly to Ghizni,

oppofe him, evacuated and fled to a

to

upon the borders of Hindoftan.

eflabllflied himfelf,

a pafs in the

This Kirma

dien his brother to rule the

all

he could do

to diflike his

had^'"^*^'

kingdom of Ghor.

to render himfelf popular at

government, and

fecretly

Notwithftanding

Ghizni, the people be^an

Some of

Omrahs, who were of the fame

the

ripenefs for an infurredtion, if

he could by any means-

it.

was now winter, and moil of the troops of Ghor had returned,
leave,

to

no condition

A
Vol.
*

informed Byrani

difpo(ition,

their

families, wlien

Byram ShaW, unexpededly,

appeared before Ghizni, with a great army.

in

wifhed the re-eftabli(hment of -i^ainitbeift

hying hold of this favorable

^haw of their

dijn.

their former King.

principles,

city ta-

Alla*^^""

upon

p^fn^^g

mountains.

by confent of the people, fending

ul

It

Ghizni inva*

dien Souri, without farther oppofition, entered the capital. The

ill

where he

favour

^oJJf'^^'

fon-in-law to Mahuoiinud

He marched

been built by the Afghans to guard

Seif

after

thefe

brother to the deceafed, raifed

to revenge his death.

which Byram Shaw, unable

obtair^s a

p oviuces,
publicly executed Jutmb

confequences, proved the

its

Seif ul dien Souri, Prince of

a great

command of

who was

oF Ghor,

and,

fettled the country,

to

engage him with

his

own

Seif ul dien being then

and having

troors,

little

province of the Gliizriiaa empire.

I.

'\rl<dci
='2'"ii

depenJance.

inm-

ul^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

A. D.
Seii

ii -i.

dependance upon thofe of Ghizni, was preparing: to

when

uidieo
'

him

the Ghiznians intreated

to

retreat to

Ghor

engage Byram Shaw, and that

they would exert themfelves to the utmoft in his fervice.

This was

only a trick for an opportunity to put their defign in

execution.

As

Seif ul dien

was advancing

to

engage Byram Shaw, he was fur-

rounded by the troops of Ghizni, and taken prifoner, while Byram

Shaw
difgrace',
flit "to

deatb.

prfon put the

in

The

forces of

topflight.

unfortunatc captive was inhumanly ordered to have his forehead

ciade black, and then to be

turned towards the

whole

Ghor

He,

tail.

city, infulted

pivt aftride a forry

bullock, with his face

was

that manner,

in

and hooted by the mob.

He

round the

led

was then put to

the torture, and his head fent to Sultan Sinjer, while his viaier

Mujud

ul dien,

was impaled

.^^h

alive,

pjrrr ^rf

^j^'id

o^uhr lud

d
When this
-he
Aiia maJches

news was

carried to the ears of his brother, Alia ul dien,

burnt with his rage, and refolving ypon revenge, with

^nitcd powcrs, invaded Ghizni.

prepared him.felf to receive him.

hu'dca"h^

4II

hi^

Byram Shaw hearing of his coming,

He

wrote him a

and endea*

letter,

voured to intimidate him, with the fuperiority of his troops, advi-

finghim not

to

plunge the whole family of Ghor into th^ f\me abyfs

Alia ul dien replied,

of misfortune.
,

tent as his arms.

That

their neighbours

upon

it

'*

that his threats

was no new thing

for

were

as

impo-

make war
was unknown to

Kings

but that barbarity like his,

to

the brave, and what he had never heard to have been exercifed upon
Princes.

God had

forfaken Byram,

to be the inftrumcnt of that juft

vengeance which

That he might be

and ordained Alia

was denounced

againfl;

aflured that

him."

Ail hopes of accommodation being paiT,

,with a

numerous army,

to give Alia battle.

Byram Shaw advanced

The

accepted by his adverfary, and the bloody conflidl

i

i 'J

offer

was gladly

commenced with
great

XHE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

At

greai fury on both fides.

his affairs

name was Chirmil,

Ghor

the greater.and the

cwo rocks bearing

elephant towards

him.

thofe of

till

Alia ul dien feeing The

Byram

againft the

Byram Shaw,-

thefe

whom he faw in
torrent.
He forced on

leffer,

two heroes clearing

obfervin? him, flood off ; but his

accepting the challenge, advanced to oppofe Alia.

^^eroic

A''S^?
Higcr, 547.
battle.

moft defperate, called out to two gigantic brothers, whofe

a]

front, like

the troops of Ghizni, by their

firft

down

fuperigr numbers, bore

139

all

the
his

before

Dowlat Shaw

fon

The

elder of the

Prince
.

'^it

^
Dow-

flain.

Chirmils intervening, ripped up the belly of Dovvlat's elephant,

;.':idwas

himfelf killed by his

fall.

nailed the brave prince, with

Chirmil, in the

mean

Afa

his fpear,

ul dien,

in the

to the ground.

time, attacked the elephant of

mean

time,

The

other gyram

Byram Shaw,

and after'many wounds, brought the enormous animal to the ground

but while he was
bruifed by the

mounting

rifing

fall,

from under the elephant's

Byram Shaw

efcaped with his

a horfe, joined the flight

repulfed on

all fides.

their lead.r,

The

troops of

had made fuch

fide,
life,

being

much

and inflantly

of his army which was

Ghor emulating

a violent attack as

to

now

the bravery of

be no longed

-refiftible.

Byram Shaw
Hindoftan

fled,

with the fcattered remains of his army, towards-

but he was overwhelmed with his misfortunes, and funk

under the hand of death,

after a reign

in the year

of thirty- five years.

five

hundred and forty feven,

jM

T2

SECTION

Die*,

over-

SECTION
The Reiga

of Zehiri ul dovvla

xvr.

Chusero Shaw ben Byram

Shaw Ghi^navi.
A D. n<j

^^^HUSERO

Shaw, upon the death of

l>.So'*'' ^->' his march to Lahore, leaving the

his father, continued

Kingdom of Ghizni

to his

enemies, and was there faluted King, by the unanimous voice of

his people.

Ghiml

mean time

In thc

taken

Bjiddcftroyed, ,

iition,

11.*.
was

The miHacre

fpirits

which

in

time pity

of demons to

cruelty the

a<Stuate the bodies

barbarous Alia was

jieard-of cru-

number of

the

mod

it

little

oppo-

fled the earth,

of men.

juftly

he ordered

the fpace of feven

and the

fiery

For which inhuman

AUum

denominated

Soze,

But, infatiable of revenge, he car-

venerable priefts, learned men, and citi-

There,- we Hiud-

their throats to be cut, tempering^ earth,

with their bipod, with which he

at-

for

Kens, in chains to Ohor, to adorn his triumph.

der to relate

chufero

continued,

feemed to have

or the incendiary of the world.

ried a

given up to flame, flaughter, rapine,

and that noble city

ond devaftation.
days,

the conqueror entered Ghizni, with

plaiflered the walls of his city.

After the return of Alia ul dien to Ghor, Chufero Shaw, hoping

pmGhi'i

to recover his loft

affiftance

kingdom of Ghizni, and depending upon the

of Sultan Sinjer *,

from Lahore.
he received

colleded

intelligence,

Sinjer

his forces,

and marched

But when he had arrived upon the borders of Ghizni,

that Sultan Sinjer had been defeated and

taken prifoner by the Turks of Ghlza,

* This

all

who

muft be the fon or grandfoD of the former

on ihe throne of Ghizci.

were then marching

Sinjer,
.

who

rf-t

placed

Byram

-1' ^

down

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

down with

a great

army

to Ghizni, to appropriate that

thcmfelves.

This obliged him to

no condition

to oppofe them.

in.iThe Turks, in the

mean

retreat again to Lahore,

their turn

to^-. 0- i'S9

being in

retreau.

time, drove out the troops of Ghor, and

kept pofTeffion of the kingdom for two years.

pelled in

kingdom

by the Ghorians,

that time, being vanquifhed by

who

But they were ex-

did not long enjoy

Abad Aflumud,

who

Malleck, the fon of Chufero Shaw,

it

for

general to Chufero
fpace recovered

for a fliort

^ ,1

and held that kingdom.

Chufero Shaw died
fifty- five,

after

at

Lahore,

in

he had reigned feven

the

year

five

hundred and

Chufero dies,

years.

SECTION

xvn.

_The Reign of Chusero Malleck, ben Chufero Shaw.

HEN

Chufero Shaw departed from

towards

Chufero
lence

manfions of joy

the

afcended the

and

juflice,

throne,

wliich

But Shahab

ul

dien

Byram

Mahummud,

houfe of

grief, chufro

and immortality,

his

he a.:orned with

benevo-

extending his djminions

formerly poffeffed by Ibrahim and

this

to

all

fon

?vTaU

p^^;'^^^^"'^

the provinces

Shav/.

brother to the Prince of Ghor,

invac^i by

invaded the kingdom of Ghizni,

fatisfied

with that,

which he conquered, and ^ot

marched an army into Hindoflan, over- running

Piftiawir, Afghaniftan,

Moultan and

Sind.

He

advanced

at

length to And

Lahore, and in the year 576, invefted Chufero Malleck in his capital,
but

bcfieees

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

142
A. D.

ticty.

but not bein^ able to tako the pUce^

concluded between them.

was a kind of

there

treaty

Shahab- ul dien evacuated the countrvj

carrying Chufero Shaw, the fon of Chulero Malleck, a child of four

years of age, hoftage for the performance of the treaty.
n*"

in the year

dien,

He

purpofe.

Shahab
Chufero bef><g' Salco:.

'

'

"

I I'

^
'

'

"f

fon,

580, returned

of Salcot, where he

to

no

and fword.

to fire
left

it

ul

a ftrong garri-

In his abfence, Chufero MalKck,

and thcu returned to Ghizni.

with the Gickers, befieged the

alliance

and befieged

to Lahore,

however fubjeded the open country

ul dien built the fort

'

Shahab

the t.^mis ncf being k^pt propei;ly by Chufero,

Lahore again
fccficget?.

"

'

of Salcot, but their

fort

cnterprize proving unfuccefsful, they were obliged to defift.

J.ahoic taken
b)

tie.cbery.

Somc time
fQ^ccs,

Shahab

after thefe tranfadions,

ul dien

and the third time, refolved to reduce the

which he effeded by
he was preparing

expedition, he gave out,

for the

at

To

by a treaty of peace.

convince

him of

all

now returned his fon Chufero Shaw,

who had orders to make fliort marches,
impatient to

meet him.

In the

fee

mean

him,

his

of Lahore,

that

it

While
was in-

their differerices,

the fincerity of his in-

he

Malleck,

all

the fame time, to Chufero

Malleck, that he was defirous of accommodating

retinue

city

treachery, in the following manner.

tended againft the Turkumans, writing,

tentions,

coUeded

with a fplendid
while Chufero

advanced a part of the way to

time, Shahab ul dien, with twenty thou-

fand horfe, with incredible

expedition,

marched by another way

round the mountains, and cut off Chufero Malleck from Lahore,
having furrounded his fmall camp

having waked

in the

no hope of efcape

in

the night.

morning, from his dream of negligence, faw

left,

which obliged him

to

throw himfelf upon the

He demanded poiTeffion

Tlie limAic

mercy of

rt'h'^fe'^or

King's releafe, accordingly the gates of that city

Chufero Malleck

his adverfary.

of the capital for the

wwthr6wi> open

to

receive

THE HIBTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

receive

him

to that of

143

and thus the empire pafled from the houfe of Ghizni^^*^*

Ghor,

as

we

(hall fee

more

fully in the

'*4'

hiftory of that

race.

SECTION
Of

OR CHAN

the Dynafly

the hiftorian

XVIIT.

of Ghor.
that about the time

tells us,

the houle oi

Feredoon fubdued Zohac Tazi, two brothers of

Souri and Saam,

having by fome means incurred his difpleafure,

party of their friends to

of

this diftricl,

Hawind,

family, Ghor.

of a fmall

but

they fled with a

where they took up

their abode,

Souri took the government

territory.

appointing his brother to the

army, and gave his daughter in marriage

command

to his

Cm

Suja, after his father's deceafe, enjoyed his place.

of his fmall

Suja.

But fome

pri~ s

having traduced him to his uncle, infpired him with

vate enemies

jealouly and enmity to fuch a degree,

When

daughter away from him.

mined

thgit

were taken into favour by the conqueror

poiTefllng themfelves

when Tiior^'n^'

that he

wanted

tja

ihc fiud

to take his

Suja found this, he was deter-

He

to feek his fortune elfewhere.

accordinii;ly, in the nijsht,

f '^^*

mountains of

with ten horfcmen and a few camels, laden with

with

his

wife and children to the mountains of Ghor, where he

built a houfe

and

called

it

Romejandifh

Here he was gradually joined by many of

a ftrong

his efteds, fet out, Ghor.

fort,

which he held out

t That Is, Go

againfl:

his friends,

the

who

built

troops of Feredoon

without care.

for

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

144
for

fome time, but

length he was obliged to fubmit and pay

at

tribute.

Thus

race of Zohac, one after another,

the

fucceeded to this

government, which began to gain ftrength by degrees,

of the prophet, when

The

genca!ogv ot the
ioufe of

The

kingdom.
-

molt authentic

.
^
hiltorians, runs

ben Nick, ben

ben

who

the tinie
fay,

was

confirmed him in his

genealogy of the Kings of Ghor, according to the

Hajis,

was ruled by Shinfub, who, fome

it

the faith by the great Ali,

converted

till

upward

i>i./-it

ben Wifen, ben Heifien, ben Byram, ben

Meflii,

ben Zaad, ben Affad,

Ibrahim,

TT-

Shmlub ben Haric,

thus.

ben Shidaad,

ben

Zohac Hubiftan, ben Mafliad, ben Neriman, ben Afredoon, ben

Samund, ben Safed Afp, ben Zohac, ben Sheran, ben Sind Afp,
ben Murintafh, ben Zohac ul Maleck.

ben Shamuc,

ward from Shinfub

ben Darmunfhaw,

Punchi ben Nehadan,

Ponchi,
Conquered
h\

Mamood

of Ghizni

Subjea

But

ben

Soiri,

Abu AH,

Muhummud

Nehadan ben Dirmefh,

Muhummud, Muhummud beti

cotemporary with Sultan Mamood
country and gave it to his fon Abu

ben

Souii,

wlio conqucred his

Ali, imprifoning

totiie

p^re^"'^"

Mahummud

of Ghizui

Purvefe ben Shinfub, Darmunfhaw, ben

thus.

Dirmefh,

Purvefe,

his father.

Ma-

endeavouring to throw off the yoke of Sultan

mood, he was depofed, and the country given

in

And down-

whofe reign there was feven years drought

earth was burnt up, and thoufands of

men and

to Abafs his
in

Ghor,

nephew,

fo that the

animals perifhed with

heat and famine.

Abafs, defirous of rendering himftlf independent,

commenced

againft Sultan Ibrahim,

war

and taken prifoner

the

hummud, who fwore

by

whom

he was defeated

kingdom being conferred upon

his fon

allegiance to the empire of Ghizni.

,

He

Mawas

who was killed by an

fort, wh^n he rebelled

fucceeded by his fon Cuttub ul dien HulTein,

arrow

in

the eye, in

attacking a certain

againft Ghizni..

Upon'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

the death of Guttub, his

Upon
r

fori

H5

Sham was obhged

^

Hindoftan, where he followed the bufinefs of a merchant

much

ing acquired

Bat unfortunately

country.

with his

upon

life

they

a plank,

with the

after driving
fliore,

wealth, he. returned

arrived, they

being late before they

to creep in

'J^'f

turcso: Sham.

narrowly efcapirfg

When

vvrecked on

Huflcin,

they got foot en

appeared in fight,

bar,

it

could find no lodgings, and

under a balcony, where they might lleep

The watch going

out of the rain.

that

"^f^'^

and hav-

with his fon Ezid ul dicn

town

to

the Indus to his native

he was wrecked,

tide for three days.

made towards

were obliged

up

to

the rounds perceived them, and

without further examination, concluding they were thieves, carried

them

They were condemned

to prifon.

to ilavery for feven

years, ^^ondemnci

during which time the fon died.

When Sham

obtained his liberty,

he proceeded towards Ghizni,

on the way to which, he was met by a gang of robbers,

When they

for a long time infefted the roads.

tl^.at

had

faw him a man of great Taken

wi;h

robber,.

bold appearance, they infifled upon enrolling

nrength and of

in the gang, to

which he was obliged

that very night,

all in

condemned them

When

was binding up

own

protefting,

defence,

manner,

him

defired

which he did

that the magiftrate

petitioned the

King

to give

in

to relate

to wltnefs>

fteely heart of the

what he had

execu-

to fay in his

fuch a circumftantial and probable

who

him

God

attended, believing

a hearing.

him

innocent,

his being accordingly Paidored ?nJ

granted,

he acquitteS himfelf with fuch modefty and eloquence,

that the

King commanded him

Vol.

I.

Condemned

of Sham, he

the eyes

and calling

was innocent, which foftened the

He

who imme-

chains before the Emperor,

to death.

the executioner

tioner to pity.

but unfortunately

to death.

raifed a grievous complaint,

that he

a party of the troops of Sultan Ibrahim furrounded

them and carried them

diately

to confent

him

to be

releafcd,

and admitied him

into

(0*52101^^

"
l"^'

ly

THE HISTORY OF HIND'OSTAN.

146

/):)n')rjp'))frQ') '>rfT

Ibrahim, fome time

into his particular friendfliip and favour.

created

which

Sham
ftation

an Omrah, and appointed

he acquitted himfelf

rank and honours,

in

him

till

fo

mafler of requefts, in

honourably, that he rofe daily

Sultan Mufaood, the fon of Ibrahim, put

He

of his hereditary kingdom.

in pofl'effion

princefs of the houfe of Ghizni, by

minated the feven

liiiioryofhis

him

after,

whom

then married a

he had feven

fons,

deno-

ftars.

After the death of HufTeln Sham,

his

fons

became divided

into

Ion;.

two fadions

one headed by the governor of Tariftan and Hiatilla,

whofe name was Fuchur

ul dien

Mufaood, the

eldeft fon

And

the

Mahummud, who took polfefCuttub ul dien Mahummud, took

other by the fourth fon, Nafir ul dien

lion of

poffeflion

made

The

Ghor.
of the

fecond fon,

and founded the city of Firofe Ko, which he

hills,

his capital

and

raifing himfelf in a

few years

to great

he meditated an attempt upon the empire of Ghizni,

foldiers

of fortune from

all parts.

to Ghizni, where, contrary to

he ordered poifon
caufe of the

all

colledling

But Byram Shaw, being

acquainted of his intentions, treacheroufly invited

him

power,

privately-

in friendfliip

the laws of honour and hofpitality,

to be adminiftered to

him, which proved the

fatal

war between the houfes of Ghor and Ghizni.

Seif ul dieri Souri the fifth fon,

who had

efcaped the fnare and fled to Firofe Ko.

accompanied his brother,

He

there placed himfelf at

head of his brother's army, and marched towards Ghizni to

tlie

we have feen in the hiflory of that kingdom*

and Byram Shaw fled to Hindoftan. But Byram
in the winter, when the troops of Seif ul dien

revenge his death, as

He

took Ghizni,

returning again

were moftly gone

to Ferofe

Ko

and Ghor, from whence they could

not eafily return, on account of the roads and deep fnow,

was treacheroufly delivered up

dien, as before

related,

with

put to a moft ignominious death.

his vizier,

to

Seif ul

him, and

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The

confeqiience of this impolitic cruelty was, that Baha ul dieri

Sham, the

fixth brother, prepared to invade

from Firoze

Ko

and Ghor

Byram, with an army

but dying in the interim, the comn^a/id

who

devolved upon the feventh brother. Alia ul dien the incendiary,

He

took and deftroyed Ghizni.

carried his ravages fo far as to de-

monument and tomb of

ftroy every

thofe of the Sultans

the Ghiznian Kings,

Mamood, Mufaood, and

Ibrahim, throwing

into their very graves, and defacing their infcriptions

edifices.

Yeas ul

Sham,

excepting

upon

fire

public

all

When he returned to Ghor, he appointed his nephew

dien Mahummud Sham, and Moaz ul dien Mahummud

to the

government of a province of Ghor called

But when they found the revenues of

port the figure which

that province could not fup-

they endeavoured to make,

bounded generofity and

liberality to military

to colledl from

all

parts

Singia.

men,

by their un-

whom

they began

they began to extend their limits.

This

having reached the ears of Alia ul dien, he fent a force againft them,

and feizing them both, confined them in the

Alia then turned the hoftile fpear
his father paid

Herat

He

tribute.

againfl:

fort

of Gorillan.

Sultan Sinjer, to

overrun the provinces of Balich and

but coming to an engagement with the Sultan, he was de-

Notwithftanding

feated and taken prifoner.

all

which, the Sultan

had compaffion upon him, and again confirmed him

of Ghor, where he died

Alia

was fucceeded by

his acceffion
riftan,

his

releafed his

in the year five

coufins

a year,

from

Mahummud, who upon

their confinement at

he commenced a war with the

called Ghiza, and

in

kingdom

hundred and fifty-one.

his fon Seif ul dien

two

in the

and beftowed the government of Singia upon them.

more than
mans

whom

tribe

In

Go-

little

of Turku-

the day of battle, was killed by one of

own men.

He

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

14S
A

He was

D. ! 171.
Higer. 567,

fncceeded by Yeas ul dien

cldeft oF his

Mahummud

ben ShamJ Tlhe

two

who

coufins,

his general, and in a fliort

part of Hindoftan,

own, and died

9)

appointed his brother Shab ul dien

time,

fubdued Chorrailan and a

of which countries, he annexed the

in the year 599,

after a glorious

great-

titles to

his

reign of upwards of

forty fix years.

SECTION
The Reign
UL DIEN
DIEN
The

befo^e^hefinTl

reduaion of
the Ghiznian
empire.

of Shaw Churfied Ahtiefham

known

in

MaHUMMUD

-^^-^ Shab

ul

dien,

Sultan Moaz

Hindoftan by the name of Shab ul

GhORI.

DIEN,

"X/T^^^

aaions

XIX.

was

or
left

as

he was called

by his

brother

in

to

Hindoftan,

command

in

in the ^
province of Chorraftan.
He continued from
^
thence to make incurfions upon Ghizni, as we have obferved in the

Xungauabad,

hiftory of that

kingdom.

In the year 567,

the

Sultan Yeas ul dien marched in perfon againft

Omrahs of Chufero Malleck, and

entirely

He

reduced them.

gave the government of Ghizni to Shab ul d'en, who, according

to

his brother's

orders,

in

the year 572, led an

Moultan, which he entirely fubdued.

The

Adja.

Shab

ul

marched from thence

Raja of that place (hut himfelf up in a ftrong

dien began to

a difficult tafk to reduce

wife,

He

army towards

befiege the place

it,

but, finding

it

to

fort.

would be

he fent a private meflage to the Raja's

promifing to marry her

if

(he would

make away with her

hufband.

The

The

bafc'

woman

returned for anfwer, that fhc was rather too

old herfelf to think of matrimony, but that

youngdaughter,

whom,

if he

would promife

freepoffeffion of the country and

remove the Raja.

the

Shab

its

wealth,

(lie

ul

dien confirmed his promife,

upon acknowledging the

true faith

from what refpeded the mother

would

Nor

grief and refentment.

for,

few days

in a

of the propofal, and

to

but he made no fcruple to deviate

for,

by marrying the daughter,

inftead of trufting her

the country, he fent her off to Ghizni, where

and leave herin

her hufband, and to open the gates to the enemy.

aflaffinate

ter

beautiful

a.

few days, found means

in

had

to efpoufe,

ul dien bafely accepted

wicked woman accordingly,

Shab

flie

in the fpace of

he

foon

with

died of

did the daughter relifh her fituation bet-

two

years," (lie alfo fell a vi(fi:im to grief.

Sultan Shab ul dien having conferred the government of Moultan

and Adja upon Ali Kirbach, returned

to

Ghizni; from whence,

the year 574, he again marched to Adja and Moultan,

and from

thofe places, continued liiscourfe through the fandy defart,

Bim Deo advanced

Raja

rat.

battle,

in

Pefhawir,

known

marched

in antient hiflory

fhoor,andPoorfhoor, which he

He

in a

him

defeated, with great flaughter,

ajidfufferedmany hard(l:iips in their retreat,

In the year following, he

toGuze-

thither with a great army, to give

which the MufTulmen were

in

his

till

they arrived

recruited

at

Ghizni.

army towards

by the names of Bickraam, Fir-

fhorttimebroughtunderfubjedlion

proceeded in the courfe of the next year, towards Lahore, where

he inverted Chufero Malleck,

time, by wars

v^-ith

could not oppofe

who had

been

fo

weakened

at

that

the Rajas of Hind, and the Afghans, that he

him

in the field.

But Shab

ul

dien, finding

he

could not reduce the place, he intimated a defire of treating witli

Chufero

A.
Hi

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

r5o

D. 1179.
Hi^cr. 575.

Chufero Malleck, who, glad to get

fents,

and gave his fon

as

rid

of him,

madehim fome

prc-^

an hoftagc foV the performance of the

reft

of the agreement between them.

Shab
peace.

111

dien returned to Ghizni, but he could

He, the very next

drew

year,

the province of Sind, and fubdued

returning loaded with rich

Ifiger. 580.

In the year

his

in

fpoil.

to

length Shab ul dien was obliged to

Salcot, in

long in

the country to the Tea coaft,

all

580 he returned again

of

reft

army towards Dewil,

Lahore, where Chufero Mallong fiege, which at

leck (hut himfelf up as before, fuftaining a

built the fort

not

which he

He

raife.

in this expedition,

left a garrifon

to

command

the

countries between the rivers Ravi and Chinab, under the government

of HulTein Churmili, while he himfelf returned

as

we have before

leck, in the

related,

was

to Ghizni.

ineffe(Stually befieged

This

fort

by Chufero Mal-

abfence of Shab ul dien, which occafioned his third

expedition towards Lahore, which he took in the year 582, by the

perfidious ftratagem

Ghizni.

He

fcnt

mentioned

in

the conclufion of the hiftory of

Chufero Malleck and his family, prifoners to his

who

them

cxti%atasthe

brother at Firofe Ko,

of^Ghizni'!^

where they were fome time afterwards put

confined

in a fort in Ghirgiftan,

to death,

on account of

fomething the aflrologers had predided concerning them.

When Shab

ul dien

had

fettled the provinces

of Lahore, he

left

the government of that place in the hands of Ali Kirbach, governor

of Moultan, and returned himfelf to Ghizni.

He

marches

In the year 587, he

marched again towards Hindoftan, and, proceeding

to HindOilan.

the capital of Tiberhmd, where he

to Aj mere, took
!

iz-n/rnirz
it
left Malleck Zea ul dien,

with

above a thoufand chofen horfe, and fome foot, to garrifon the place.

He

himfelf was upon his

way back, when he heard that

Pittu Ra, the

Raja of Ajmere, with his brother Candi Ra, Raja of Delhi,

2

in alli-

ance

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

151

aHce with fome other Hindoo Rajas, were marchinty towards Tiberhind, with

Shab

dien determined

ul

He met

two hundred thoufand

the garrifon.

Sirfutti, {even crores

from Tannaffar, and forty crores from Delhi,

Upon

the

battle.

firft

onfet his right and left wings retired, being out-

flanked by the enemy,

Shab

into a circle.
^

to the rehef of

to return

the village of Sirauri, upon the banks of the

and gave them

when

line,

Higcr. 587,

horfe, and three thoufand elephants,

at

enemy

the

f'-.D. 1191.

firfl

till,

joining in the rear, his army was formed

dien,

ul

Engaj^es the

who was

in perfon in the centre of the

formed, was told that his right and

defeated, and advifed to provide for his

own

wings were

left

Enraged

fafety.

at this

council, he fmote the imprudent advifer, and rufhed on towards the

enemy, among

whom

he commenced, with a few followers,

a great

flaughter.

The

eyes of Candi Ra, Raja of Delhi,

the elephant upon which he was mounted,

The

Sultan rifing

from

his horfe,

He

upon him.

fell

diredly

againfl;

his chiefs advanced to his

the

his horfe,

field,

army.

and fupporting him

which, by

The enemy

this time,

to the

In the

in his

ground;

when

This gave an opportunity

behind him

as

he was finking

arms, he carried him from

was deferted almoft by

when he had

Lahore, he appointed governors

Ghor he

She Sui tan"

at 0" Ddhi!^'^*

his

whole

purfued them near twenty crores.

After this defeat, and

in Hindoftan,

him

efcue.

to one of his faithful fervants, to leap

from

Afingie com-

the Raja of Delhi from above, pierced the Sultan through

the right arm, and had almoft thrown

fome of

him.

threw his lance with fuch force

the elephant, that he drove out three of his back teeth.

mean time

drove

wound

recovered of his

to the different provinces

he pofTefTed

and returned himfelf to Ghor with his army.

difgraced

all

thofe

Omrahs who had

deferted

at

him

At

in battle.

He

'^f'ver-

rUE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A.n.

119;.

them

Heobl^-^crt

n'.^cr. 588.
ivxti iotdinsry

Ifcowar.ily
OiiUdhs.

bags

with their

city,
^

With barley, hanging about their necks

filled

forciiig

walk round the

to

horfes

.mouth-

them

to cat, or

at the

fame time

have their heads ftruck ofFj the former of

^vhich they chiefly chofe to do.

We
when
lay

are

byEben

told

Afire, contrary to

Sultan Shab ul dein was wounded, he

upon the

among

field

the dead,

till

own horfe returned

his awn camp.

dark, a party of his

carried

Tiie comb.-

uke

Tiber-

all

him

'Upon the

march

retreat of the Sultan,

from

fell

And

night.

and

his horfe,

that, in the

and

to fearch for his body,

the allied Rajas continued their

Tibcrhind, which they befiegcd for one year and

to

month, and
lation.

off to

other authority, that

at

lafl:

were obliged

one

to give favourable terms of capitu-

Sultan Shab ul dien remained a few

months with

bro-

his

ther at Ghor, and then returning to Ghizni, fpent the enfuing year

and

in indolence

feftivity.

But ambition again fermenting in

his

mind, he recruited a noble army, confifting of one hundred thoufand

raifes

a fine

many of whom had

chofen hoffe, Turks, Perfians, and Afghans,

ornamented with jewels, and

their helmets
filver

With

and gold.

thefe

he marched

Ghizni towards Hindoftan, without

in

armour

inlaid

with

martial fplendor,

from

their

any part

difclofing to his frieads

of his intentions.

Hi^ conference with a

When
fage of

his vidlorious fpears

Ghor

trufl in thy

fubjedl of
replied,

*'

had advanced

as far as

Pefhawir, an old

proftrating himfelf before him, faid,

conduct and wifdom, but

much difpute and

Know, old man,

as yet

fpeculation

in eafe, nor

waked but

determined,

with

this

in

army,

us."

that fince the time of

I

my

we

Shab

my defeat

ul dien

in

Hin-

have never llumbered

forrow and anxiety.

to recover

King,

thy defign has been a

among

doftan, notwithftanding external appearances,

"O

loft

have therefore

honour from thofe

idolaters,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

idolaters,

or

the noble attempt."

The

kiffins;

fap;e,

the

'

ground,

in

die

I53
A. 0.1192.
Higcr. 5!.8,

" Viftory and triumph be thy attendants, and fortune

faid,

flave find favour,

and

let

But,

be the guide of thy paths.

thofe

King,

let

of thy

the petition

Omrahs you have

fo juftly difgraced,

be permitted to take this glorious opportunity of wiping

av'ay

th.eir

diflionorable ftains."

The

fonbj

Prince liftened to his requed, and fent an order to Ghizni to

riifIior,our-.d

Omrahs from

releafe the difgraced

of them

as

Vv'ere

their confinement,

defirous of recovering their honour,

They

attend his ftirrup.

Moultan, where the Sultan conferred

been firm to

his intereft.

from whence he difpatched Ruckun

if

titles

next day

and employments

l^'"'^""*-

upon

He

then proceeded to Lahore,

ul

dien

Omrahs, ambafi"adorto Ajmere, with

principal

The

and the army advanced to

the royal ftandard was put in motion,

who had

might now

accordingly obeyed the order, and were

each honoured with achelat, accordino; to their rank.

all

and that fuch Omrahi

Humza, one of

his

a .declaration of war,

they fliould rejed the true faith.

Raja Pittu Rai gave a difrefpedlful anfwer to the embaffy, and immediately wrote forfuccours to
his allies delay their

Shab

all

the neighbouring Rajas.

Nor

coming, and therefore he foon advanced

to

did

meet

with an army, confiding, according to the loweft and

ul dien,

moft moderate account, of three hundred thoufand horfe of P^ajaputs,

and others

Kittries,

befides above three thoufand

foot innumerable as the locufts.

Shab ul

dien

incamped

in

The Hindoos again

upon the former

fight of each

field

of battle.

elephants,

and

waited to receive

The two

armies

other, with the river Surfutti between

them.

The Hindoo
iti

this

Vol.

Rajas, of

enormous
I.

camp,

whom

there were one hundred and

having

affembled,

X*

rubbed Tica

fifty,

upon
their

^^^^^

""^Y'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

154
/.D.
The

192.

haut-hty

of the
P:ijastothe

and fwore by the water of the Ganges, that they

their foreheads,

They

(hould conquer their enemies, or die martyrs to their faith.

letter

i-

then wrote a letter to Shab

dien, in thefe

iil

haughty terms.

we imagined you was no

the bravery of our troops

ftranger

To

**

and to

our great fuperiority in number, which daily increafes, your eyes

will bear teftimony of the truth.

If

you

exigence, yet have pity upon your troops,

happinef^ to

It

live.

the foolifli refolution

you have taken, and we

if

(hall

you have determined

we have fworn by

defliny,

who may

to

own

of your
think

ftill

were better then you fhould repent

But

retreat in fifety.

are wearied

it

in time,

of

permit you to

your

force

evil

our Gods to advance upon you with our

rank-breaking elephants, war-treading horfes, and blood-thirfting

foldiers,

early in the morning,

to crufh the unfortunate

army which

your ambition has led to ruin."

The

Sultan Shab ul dien returned

Sultan's

them

this politic anfwer.

"

That

infvver

he had drawn

his

army

into Hindoftan,

by the command of his

brother, whofe general he only was, and that honour and duty

him

That

to exert the utmoft of his capacity in his fervice.

he could not
truce,

retreat

therefore

without his leave, but would be glad to obtain a

he informed him of the fituation of

till

bound

affairs,

and received

his anfvyer."

This
that

letter

Shab

produced the intended

ul dien

ingly forded the river a

"urptiTes

Up

his

army on

camp.

^^^^^.^ ^j^^

was preparing

little

enemy imagined

before the

for

a furprife.

dawn of

on

in riot

He

and

accord,

the morning, drew

the fands, and had entered part of the

alarm was fpread.

turally reigned

for the

was intimidated, and they fpent the night

revelry, while the Sultan

their

efFed:,

Hindoo camp,

Notwithftanding the confulion that na-

this occafion

among

the Hindoos, their

camp was

of fuch an amazing extent, that the greater part had fufficient time
to

form the

began

line

which

now

they

and fome order, in four

lines.

ferved to cover the rout, fo that

to advance wiih great refolution

Sultan

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

55

Sultan Shab ul dien, uDon feeing this, ordered his troops to halt, f-D

and his army, which had been divided into four

xnanded to renew the attack by turns, wheeling off

parts,

'9>

were com-

the rear after

to

they had difcharged their bows a certain number of times upon the

enemy, giving ground gradually

as they

advanced with their elephants, a

In this manner he retreated and fought,

the weft, when, thinking

he had

with

fteel,

and giving orders

the fun was approaching

weaned the enemy,

fufficiently

and deluded them with a fecurity of

head of twelve thoufand of his

till

he put himfelf

vicftory,

beft horfe,

whofe

to his generals to fecond

general.

made

the

at

were covered

riders

him, he made

among

a refolute charge, and carried death and confufion

ranks.

the

Hindoo

The diforder increafed every where, till at length it became

The MuiTulman troops, as if now only ferious in fight,

fuch a dreadful flaughter, that this prodigious army once

ken, like a great building, was

like a troubled torrent,

recoiled,

loft in its

own

from the bloody

flia-

plain,

the

flain in

while Pittu Rai was taken in the purfuit, and afterwards put to

field,

death.

The

fpoil

of the camp, which was immenfely rich,

fell

the hands of the conquerors, and the forts of Surfutti, Samana,

ram and
in perfon

to

Aimere, and took

pofleffion

Ko-

Sultan Shab ul dien ^hub

Hafil, furrendered after the vidory.

went

into

of it,

fword, referving the

upon

But,

reft for flavery.

promife of

punftual payment of a large tribute, he gave up the country to Gola

He

the fon of Pittu Rai.

then turned his ftandards towards Delhi,

new

but he was prevailed upon by the

abandon that enterprize.

town ofKoram, with

He

a confiderabler

Raja, with great prefents,

Cuttub

left

ul dien

Abeik, in the

detachment, and marched him-

with the body of his army, towards the mountains of Sewalic,

which

lie

to the north of Hindoftan, deftroying and

the countries in his

way

plundering

all

to Ghizni.

ul

dien

after bavins: bar-^'^^"'"

baroufly put fome thoufands of the unfortunate inhabitants to the

felf,

^he Hindooi

The enemy

ruins.

Candi Rai Raja of Delhi, and many other Rajas, were

to

battV.

After

countries,

THE HISTGHY OF mNDOSTAN.

,56
A D.i.ov

tht return of the Sultan, Cuttub ul

Aftel-

who

Abiek,

difen

had:

K^pl itsot

been formerly

Uindoiian.

tHc City of Delhi, from the family of Candi Rai.

It

tircumftance, that foreign nations fay, that the

empire of Delhi

was founded by a

took' the

a Have, ralfed

an army and took the fort of Merat, and

he

In the year 589

llave.

alfo

was from

thit

fort

of

Kole, and making Delhi the feat of his government; there eftabh(hed
liimfelf in

the

obliging

fecurity,

MulTulman

all

the diftridls around to acknowledge

mean

time, marched from Ghiznl

who was Lord

towards Kinnoge, and engaged Rai Joy Chund,

Kinnoge and

who commanded

into the-field between Chundvvar and Atava,

where he

from the vanguard of the Ghi^nian army,

all

his

led

his forces

received a total

by Cuttub uldien

baggage and elephants were taken.

then marched to the fort of Affi, where Joy Chund had

ul

of

numerous army

a very

This Raja led

Abiek, and
ShaB

Bena-ris, and

of horfe, befides four hundred elephants.

defeat

faith.

Sultan Shab ul dien, in the

The

Sultan

laid

up

his

d:en

takes Afu and

which

treafure,

few days he took, and found

in a

.luris.

He marched from

precious ftones, to a great amount.

Benaris, and broke

which he \

immen(e

urified

down

He

thence,, 'laden

Here he

alfo

found

returned then to the fort of Kole, where he

again confirmed Cuttub

from

thence to

the idols in above one thoufand temples,

and confecrated to the true God.

plunder.

there, gold, filver,

the regency of Hindoftan, and

ul dien in

with treafure, he took the rout of Ghizni

la the mean time, one of the relations of Pitta Rai whofe name,
vyas

-of

Himrage, invaded Gola the fon of

Ajmere,

Cuttub

ul

Gola

dien Abiek.

591, from Delhi

had

immediately

againfl:

and drove him oot

Pittu Rai,

recourfe

for

affiftance

Cuttub accordingly marched,

l^imrage,

army, gave the MulTulmen

battle,

in

who

in the year

having collected

which he

loft

to

great

the vidtory and

his

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TiME

Cuttub, after

7<fiis lifd..'/

A.

appointed a governor -of his

vidory,

this

157

own

faith to fuperintend the Rajai

'^he

province of Guzerat, and defeating

.ven^e for the overthrow

rich

Bim Deo took ample

He

given to his Lord.

re-

plundered that

to Delhi.

..-

'--i

In the year following, Sultan Shab ul dien formed" again a refo-

shab uidien

invai
He again
Hindoftan.

and proceeding to Biana.

of returning to Hindoftan,

and conferred the government upon Baha ul dien Tiighril

took

it,

and

leaving

him

to

with him

Ghizni.

at

and

In the
a

after

body of

the

Gualier,

befiege

was taken,

long

But he received

army^

his

returned

mean

himfelf

he commanded
to

fettle

fome

time, the ftrong fort of Gualier

Guaiicr

Tughril, ambitious of extending

fiege;

his conquefts further, led his

army

againft the Rajaputs of the fouth.

and was obliged

a terrible defeat,

to take the protes-

tion of his forts.

n^iit
ii3ita

In

the year 593,

Cuttub

ul

after his return,

took the

forts

Toos and

all

its

dependencies.

mean time engaged

News was

Sirchus.

then brought to

death of his brother Sultan Yeas ul dien,

who

of the empire but the name.

upon

'

the empire.

He

Shab

turned by the

ul dien,

way of

country of ChorralTan, which.he divided

giving the government of Firofe

who was

Empei'or.

fon in

Euft,.

law

to

diih?.

He,

of Callinger, Calpee and Budao<>nJ

Sultan Shab ul dien, was in the

dition to

\.i

dien marched again from- Delhi,

and reduced Narwalla of Guzerat, with

dien,

'94.
5915

then led his army to Narwalla in

and commanded to proceed immediately

affairs

but he was foon recalled, by orders from Ghizni,

country;

liition

I).

Higer.

in an expe-

him of

the

saltan Yeas

retained nothing
this,

acceded to

Badyeifh, and fubdued the

among

the family of Saam,

Ko

and Ghor to Malleck Zea ul

his brother Yeas ul dien the deceafed

Ferra and Ifphorar he gave to ^iiltao

.

Mamood,
Lis

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

15S
A. D. 1202,

brother's fon

i^is

IJiger. 59,>

;
^

Nafir ul dicn, his

Shab

ul

Shab

dien

government of Hcrat and

and the
nephew by a fifter.

after thefe

ul dicn,

diflrlds, to

returned to Ghizni, where,

tranra(fl:ions,

according to the will of the dcceafed Emperor, he was crowned in

Ghhsnt'

form

and mounted the imperial throne.

heard of the death of

Marches

its

into

Mahummud

fime year

the

he

Lord of Murve, and

Zireck,

the beginning of the next, marched

in

In

conquefl of that

the

to

Chaiiztn and
beficges the

country, advancing by the

city,

The

city.

which

city.

He

many

brave

news

arrived,

the Chilligies had formerly

forthwith

till

neceffity

Ttk'ated^

dug

to the vveflward of that

the place, and in

the purfuit of glory.

in

few days

In the

mean

loft

time,

Aibcck, the general of Ghor Chan, King of

that

the relief of

to

were advancing

Charizm Shaw.

Shab

ul

dien

that he

city,

the allied armies advanced fo near, that he was under a

of burning

expedition

all

towards

preffed fo clofe
battle.

the

in

the banks of the great ca-

unwilling to abandon his hopes of taking the

delayed

re-

attacked

Omrahs

with great armies,

Forced to

camp on

up

himfelf

fhut

and Sultan Ofman King of Samarcand,

-Chitta,

fo

in the field,

Sultan pitched his

nal,

was

him

oppofe

not able to

way of Charizm, and Charizm Shaw,

He

ChorrafTan.

upon

was

and

his baggage,

But

his heels, that

totally

defeated,

with the utmoft

to retreat

an

army from the

he was obliged
lofing

his

all

city

them

to give

Elephants and

treafure.

He

is

In the

again

thrown."^"'

mean

time,

circuit, to cut off

as

Ofman and Abieck, who had taken a

dien's retreat, met him full in the face,

Sultan

Shab

ul

he was flying from Charizm Shaw.

was obliged

to rally his army,

Under

a fatal neceffity,

who now faw no

fafety

in

he

flight.

Surrounded thus by the enemy, he commenced a defperate carnage.

But valour was overpowered by numbers in the end, and of

mighty army,

there

now remained

fcarce a

his late

who

^hundred men,

i"'

'

THE HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN,

defended their King, and in fpite of innumerable foes, hewed A. D.

ftill

him out

a paflage,

which was

and Gondud:ed him

at a fmall diflance

Ofman, and giving up the

row

to his

When

own

from the

place,

with very great expedition made his way

llain,

with him into his

drew out

affair to

had

killed the

command.

He

anybody.

a dagger and ftabbed

Producing then

'^'^""'^^"^

him

villain,

Haffen re-

whifpering in his

He

to the heart.

ran ipthat

he

Haffen, in obedience to the King's

a- falfe

own

the government into his

waited

where he proclaimed aloud,

Meer dad

traitor,

to mencof

governor of that province, and

where the

clofet,

the court yard,

ftantly into

ranfom to Sultan

a great

he had a private meffage from the King.

that

was be-

defeated, one of his officers of Birka, by a

immediately upon Meer dad Haffen,

tired

ul dien

Birka, efcaped from the field, and imagin-pUlnr^^'geu

Moultan, without mentioning the

him

Shab

of Hindohood,

he was permitted to return in for-

Sultan Shab ul dien was

ing the King was

told

field.

1^203.

dominions.

named Abiek Nack

ftate,

fafe to the fort

enemy, but upon paying

fieged here by the

ear,

^59

order and commiflion, to take

he was acknowledged by the

hands,

army and the people.

The

chief of the Gickers at this time, hearing that the

King was The

certainly fiain, afpired to the empire, and raifing a great army, ad-

vanced towards Lahore

When

and Sodra.
at

Ghizni

his

kindling the war between the rivers

flave

Ildecuz, having feized upon the fupreme

which

authority in the city, prefented himfelf to oppofe his entrance,

obliged the
alfo

King

rebelled

joined by

to continue

againil

many of

ffp^^s^ll^^^]^^

Gelum

the Sultan, from the fort of Hindohood, arrived The

own

him;

his

his rout

compleat vidtory, took the

the Sultan, being

but

friends,

to Moultan.

gave him battle,

traitor

this

time

and obtaining a

He then,
who now joined

prifoner.

troops of the borders of Hindoftan,

There Birka
by

with

chief of

all

the

his ffandard^

marched

Suitan

mitunce^ki'to*

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Aji>. i.'ov

marched

and the citizens

Ghlzni,

to

Hi^er. Coo.

prefentino:

him

the

N^ith

^head of the rebellious flave, obtained their pardon.

Shab
'Shaw

ul dien, at this

and then,

time, concluded a treaty of peace withCharizm

order to chaftife the Gickers, drew his

in

Cuttub

wards Hindoflnn.

them on

ul dien attacked

army

the other fide,

with his army from Delhi, and the Gickers being defeated and
parted,

perfed, the Sultan

at

to-

dif-

who

Lahore, with Cuttub ul dien,

returned to his government of Delhi.

During the

inhabited the country from the Nilaab, up to the fort of the

The

Gickers

barians!'

communication between Peihawir and Moul-

fb that the

tan was "entirely cut

Thefe Gickers were a race of wild bar-

off.

tarians, without either religion or morality.

It

was a cuftom among

female child was born, to carry her to the market

as foon as a

pla

and there proclaim aloud, holding the child in one hand, and

e,

take her, otherwife fhe

they had more

means,

cuftom of

who wanted

was immediately put

men

fhe fet up a

obferved by any of the others,

"This barbarous

chieftain

advifed

him

time,

in

was converted

He, upon
to

till

peopk continued

till

tives.

mark

this

might now

By

to death.

this wife

at the door,

was

vifited

which being

the fignal was taken away.

to

make

incurfions

upon the

the latter end of this -King's reign,

to the

Muffulman

faith,

a title

and

drefs,

their

by one of his cap-

change of principles, addreffed the King,

honoured him with

this

be coming on the fame

endeavour to convert his people

,6

a wife

which occafioned the

When

who might

errand, he immediately withdrew,

Mahommedans,

women,

than

hufbands to one wife.

feveral

by one of her hufbands,

They ar* con-

them,

a knife in-the other, that any perfon

-Verted.

moun-

began to exercife unheard-of cruelties upon the

tains of Sewalic,

Mufllilmen

who

ihe Gickers,

refidence of the Sultan at Lahore,

and

at

and confirmed

who

the fame

him

in

tlw

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

the

command of the

mountains.

great part of thefe mountaineers be- a d. laaj.

^
_

higer. 6q2.

ing very indifferent about religion, followed the opinions of their chief,

and acknowledged the true

At the fame time, about four

faith.

who

hundred thoufand Caffers of Teraiba,

inhabited the mountains

between Ghizni and Punjaab, were converted, fome by

and

force,

others by inclination.

The

having fettled the

Sultan,

marched,

in

the government of

Bamia upon Baha

when he himfclf

that

from Lahore

the year 602,

ijiould

march

of Hindoftan in peace,

affairs

to Ghizni.

He

dien Saam,

with orders,

ul

conferred

to vards Turkeflan, to take fa- shab

ul

dierv

tisfadion for his former defeat, to march at an appointed time, vvith

all

the forces of thofe parts, and

where he would

encamp on

the banks of the.Geihu,

receive further orders, and at the

fame time

to

keftan.

throw

a bridge over the river.

Shab

ul

dien,

upon the fecond of Shaban,

banks of the Nilaab,

having reached the

who

Rimeik, twenty Gickers,

at a place Called

Twenty
Gickers form

had

loft fom.e

of their relations in their wars with the Sultan, entered

into a confpiracy againff his

their

and

wicked

fultry,

the

purpofe

in

life,

and fought an opportunity to put

execution.

King ordered the Canats * of

to give free admiflion to the air,

fcreens in the night,

They

clofe

his tents to be ftruck,

cut their

and hid themfelves in

to the door

being

which gave them an opportunity of

feeing the King's fleeping tent.

them advanced

The weather

way through

the

while one of

a corner,

but being there ftopt by one of the

who was going to feize him, he buried his dagger in his

breaft.
The groans of the dying man being heard within,
alarmed the reft of the guards in the outer tent, who running

guards,

out to fee what was the matter, the other

portunity of cutting^ their

way through

* Screens which furiound the King's

Vo^

I.

tents,

affaffins

the

forming

took that op-

King's

tent

behind.

a large fquare.

They/

a confpiiacy,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. D. 1:05.
lliger.

They found him

Lot.

with

petrified

Thf

fii

itan

terror,

at

flavcs

fannin? him,

who

when they

They

wards the Sultan.

afldfli.'uted.

with two

afleep,

beheld the

once plunged

all

advancing to-

alTaflins

their daggers In his body,

afterwards found to have been pierced with no

forty

flood

than

lefs

wounds.

Thus

tragically fell that great

in the year

602,

mencement of

after

his

King and conqueror Moaz

two

reign of thirty

and

titles

tlie

com-

and three from

government over Ghizni,

acceflion to the empire, the honours

from

years

ul ditn,

his

of which he permitted

One daughter

only rc-

Mulluck, took fome of the

affafiins,

bis elder brother to retain during his

life.

fnained of his race.

His Vizier Chaja Moweid

ul

and put them to a cruel death.

and

He

then called the

having obtained their promife of

King's

treafure,

their

pomp

fcheme

in

who had

execution.

towards Ghizni.

mournful

c.-inon!

a great conteft arofe about the fucceffion.

Baha

ul dien

ul dien

Mamood,

He

to

The Omrahs of Ghor

go by the way of Kirma, where he

hoping, by his affiftance, to fecure,

intereft

lay neareft

fupported by Saam.

of Yeas

ul dien,

at leaft, the treafure for his

The Omrahs of Ghor, were equally defirous

which

body in

carried the

and the Vizier and Turkifh chiefs,

knev/ that the governor Ildecuz, was in the

that road

it,

fon of the former Emperor.

The Vizier therefore wanted

party.

propofed to plunder

Saam, governor of Bamia, and one of the

feven fons of Ezid dien Hufi!ein

on Yeas

protecting the

But when they reached Pefhawir,

jDiiputes a-

infixing upon

in

together,

which was loaded on four thoufand camels, he

prevented the army and the Haves,

from putting

fidelity,

Omrahs

own

of proceeding by

to^amia, that they might be the fooner

At length, being upon the eve of open

hoflillty,

the point was given up to the Vizier.

\yhen

.THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

When

King's herfe
duft

upon

having fuffered greatly

by
o
J
J

Ildecuz came out to meet the Vizier and the

they arrived near Kirma,

the mountaineers,
;

i6

upon

his head,

fight

after

all

the variety of forrow.-

He The

attended the funeral to Ghizni, where the Sultan was buried in a

The

treafure

he

left

built for his daughter.

behind him

is

almoft incredible

we

fhall

only mention, as an inftance of his wealth, that he had, in dia-

monds of various fizes alone, five hundred maund*j for he had

made nine expeditions into Hindoftanj returning every time, excepting twice, laden with wealth.

About

forty

602.

of which, he tore off his armour, threw

and exprelfed

new tomb which he had

^- ^liioer.

pounds av^rdnpoife, each maund.

PART

body

"J^'i'^ni.^'^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

164

PART
The

Hiftory of the

the AccefTion of
the Invafion of

IIL

Emp're of Delhi^ from

Cuttub

to the

Timur.

SECTION
The Reign
A. D. 1205.
Cuctub

ul

'

^ULTAN

flrangers.

riof to none,

I.

Cuttub ul dien Abiek.

ul dien

open and

difpofition,

dien Abiek,

^^^j^j^

of Sultan

Cuttub

Throne, to

Abiek, was of a brave and virtuous

liberal to his friends,

and courteous and

In the art of war and government he wsls infe-

nor was he a mean proficient in literature.

In his childhood he was brought from Turke/lan to Nirtaapoor,

and there

fold

by a merchant,

to

Cafi

Fuchur

AziziKufi, who, finding that heaven had endued

nius, fent

him

to fchool,

where he made

Perfian and Arabic languages, and in

all
I

ul dien

ben Abdu,

him wi.h

a great ge-

wonderful progrefs

in the

the polite arts and fciences.

But

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

But "his patron and mafter dying fuddenly, he was
by

""eftate,

and bought by a rich merchant, for

his relations,

money, and prefented

funi of

for fale to Sultan

He

broke.

finger

afliduous manner, that

Shab

great

The

ul dien.

name Abiek, from having 1iis

Sultan purchafed him, and called his

little

fold as part of his

behaved himfelf in fuch a becoming and

he foon attradled the notice of

One

and daily gained confidence and favour.

his

rife

his prince,

night the Sultan kept

a magnificent feftival at court, and ordered a liberal diftribution of

prefents and

money

to

be made

among

Abiek par-

his fervants.

generofi

took largely of his munificence, but had no fooner retired, than he

divided his fhare

among

his

companions.

The

Prince having heard

of this circumftance, afked him the caufe, and Abiek, kiffing the earth,
replied

That:all his wants were

*'

He

bounty.

fuperfluities,

had therefore no

defire

his Majefty's

of burthening himfelf with

his favour being a certain independence."

fo pleafed the

his perfon,

amply fupplied by

This anfwer

King, that he immediately gave him an

and

time,

in a little

was

fo

affabilit]

office

near

with his diligence

fatisfied

and capacity, that he appointed him mafter of the horfe.

When

the princes of Ghor, Ghizni and

forces towards

Cliorraflan,

in

order

Bamla had drawn

to expel the

their

Shaw, Sultan of

Chnrizm, from that province, Abiek went out with a detachment

to forage

on the banks of the Murgaab.

by a numerous party of the enemy.

juftice to valour,

prifoner,

he

vs^as,

after

who

the lofs of moll of his

and carried to Charizm Shav/,

camel- in the

field,

and carried

pitying his condition, received

In the year 58'8,

when

was there furrounded

But though he did the utmoil

But the bhaw being defeated, Abiek was

upon

He

who

put

left in this

to

him with

his

men, taken

him

in chains.

manner,

viitoriou".

fitting

mafter

great kindnefs.

the Sultan took revenge of his erismres

the Hindoos for the defeat they had given him, he

upon

his return,

p.ppointed

^"-^

^''"^o"''

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

no
'oXiiinr' ^PP^"^^'^
doita.i,

of

polTcffion

ijfiilr'^^^"

many

drew

alfo

his

own numbers

place,

Pcliii taker.

and the

fides,

Rajaputs Were,
their

obhged

which

the flaughter became great

Jumna was

difcoloured with blood, the

a defperate

after

within

fiege,

were

to the

Raja of Nar-

at

laft

to capitulate.

Ablck marched with

alTault.

who were

fubje<ft

his forces to protect

the fiege, purfued

fallowing,

Jits^

with an army to beflege Haffi.

walla, advanced

raife

exceeded the befiegers,

order of battle,

in

garri-

When

garrifon,

In the year 589, the

feats the Jit?.

But the

it.

put to flight, taking protedion

at length,

The

walls.

river

inverted

triply

and drew up

was gladly accepted by Abiek.

on both

army

the

reduced the fort of Merjt.

army towards Delhi, and

marched out of the

command of

In difcharge of this duty, Cuttub toolc

diftrids around, and

finding that their

fon,

Abiek, to the chief

ul dicri

protedt his conqucft.

left to

He

Cuttub

them

to their

it,

own

found there a thoufand

and being informed of Sultan Shab

In

frontiers.

horfes,

fine

ul dieti

and obliging them to

he crofled the Jumna, and took the

He

Cuttub

the year

fort

of Kole by

and

much

ul dien's. expedition

fpoi!,

towards Kin-

noge, he thought proper to proceed as far as Pefliawir, to meet him^

prefenting

him with

In great f.>

one of which carried

Sultan."

He

and two great elephants.

hundred

chain of gold, and the other a chain of

fine horfes,

muftered there, before the Sultan,

honoured with an honorary

drefs,

fifty

filver.

thoufand horfe, and was

command

and with the

of the yaa

of the royal army.

With
his

army

the van he defeated the Raja of Benaris, who, upon feeing

retreat,

pufhed forward his elephant,

enemy ; but Cuttub

Defeats tne

in the ball

ohant
r

ground.
to the o
that the

who

excelled in archery,

of his eye, which brought him

arrow

Raja of Bei agreat,

ul dien,

in defpair, againfthis

It is

faid that

body of the Raja

8

the

down from

number of

for a^long time could

funk

llain

aa

his ele-

was

fo

not be found

by

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

by

who were

his friends,

was difcovered by

permitted to fearch for

his teeth,

to be bad,

which, happening

plied by artificial one, fixed in by golden

But, at lad, he

it.

were fup.

wedges and wires.

Sultan Shab ul dien, following with the body of the army, entered,
the city of Benaris, and took polTefTion of the country, as far as the

He

boundaries of Bengal, without oppofition.

down

and loaded four thoufand camels with the moft valuable

idols,

Cuttub

ul dien prefented the

King with above

The

phants, taken from the Raja of Benaris.

them

given

they

broke

to

make

the elephants

Selam *

did except one white elephant.

all

But upon

an ineftimable curiofity.
tradable

at

this

the

all

the

fpoils.

three hundred eleriders

King

at

had

once,

fignai.

which

This animal was eileemed

p^^^jj'^^

occa^on, though extremely

other times, had almoft killed his rider,

when he endea-

voured to force him to pay his obedience.

The

King, when he was fetting out for Ghizni, fent the white

elephant back, in a prefent to Cuttub ul dien,

Cuttub, ever afterwards

his fon in his letter.

till

and adopted him

his death, rode the^"''"''^
dien ado

white elephant

away with

and when he died, the afi'edionate animal pined

and expired the third day

vifible forrow,

the only white elephant of which

but

it is faid,

that

his dominions,

place.

Cuttub

fome days
returned

to

fearch

ul dien,

at Afii,

This was

ever heard in Hindoftan

the King of Pegu keeps always two white

when on^of them

phants, and that,

all

we have

after.

after

he

iifues

ele-

out an order over

the woods for another to fupply his

the departure of the King, remained

where the Raja's

to Delhi,

dies,

by the s

treafure

was found.

He

then

and there received advice that Himrage Raiaput ^

^
Cuttub d
from the mountains of Abugur, and had driven f^ats the
'

was marching down

Gola, the Raja of Ajmere, towards Rintimpore. and that Chitter

* That

is

to fall

upon

tl\eir

kcces.

Rai,

"a^e,

THE HISTORY

was marching with another

Rai, Hiinrng^'s general,

"

before

].)cllii,

Cutiub

\ty.

which he foon

rage hiaifdf

.joined 'by

hi'/army

general, in confidence

his'

of Ma

-When

order of battle.

in

army took the way

'his

flaifl',

was reOored

they

'

"

Narwaila!

'

upon

tumed

till

he loft his

Thus Aim^re

>

'

>

''

and Cuttub

ul

he

dien ravaged

He marched

fpoil.

who was encamped

his

under the walk,

army refumed
from

this defeat, fled

the

country at

from
having

then

repaired,

arms towards Narwalla, and

his

and then

life,

Bimdeo, upon intelligence of

which

but, being

But being purfued, he drew up

his approach.

'and fought

much

his condu(-fe

diftin-

'

Setwan, the general of Bimdeo,

.fled

by

he

to blows,

infamy before them.

>

the year 590, Cuttub

In;

came

formed

'

'

'

'

(^f

fupi^ridr -numbers,

to the Mahotritnedan govefiwvent,' andJwas aft^rwardfc

ruledibyilheiflaws.
'

Himrage being

way by the conqueroT.

the

all

guifhed'hirhftlf by his bravefry, as well as

ravage;

army, he fetbut^in front.

his

Chilter Rai, fome

^"g^o^^S the enemy, put them to flight.
day S' after, rallying"'his>'d'efeated army, retreated towards Ajmere,

and was purfued

'

'

to chaftife ,himi^, an4- Separating

twenty thoufand horfe from thCiT^ftof

And Him

towards

aritiy,

and began to dcftroy the coui>^

arrived,

marched out

ul dien

HINDOSTAN.

OF.

thence
vifited

army,

their flight.

his dominions,

and found

leifure,

the fort

to

his

Koram,

of

Haffi,.

returned

'

fo-

Delhi.

He

in the

diftridts

who

mean time

relief.'

vifit to

6"om the governor' of the

near Rintimpore, that the brother of the Raja of Ajnier^

lived in the hills w^as niarcliin'g

hiin.

This obliged Cuftub

The

enemy,' upon

Raja Gola,

who

departure, prefented
gold.

received advice,

When

he bad

him

ul

an army to invaile

dien to inove immediately to

hearing

entertained
.

down WitH

with^-fof^^

this,
hirli

fled

and Cuttub paid a

magnificently,

and

tvyo

fettled jhpj cpijnjry^.be^ag^in^et^l^

^

and

at

hi's

melons of
to Delhi^
,

from

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN".

from whence he wrote

to the

169

King, a particular account of his con-

quers, which fo pleafed Sultan Shab

he ordered his ^t-^-./X

ul dien, that

tendance at Ghizni, for w^iich place he

and was received with

fat out,

every demonftration of joy and refpedl.

Ctfttub ul dien,

fome time

obtained leave to return to his

after,

y^overnment, and on his way, married the daughter of Sultan

>

when he

He

returned to Delhi.

to the fiege of the fort of Biana, and,

tlae

meet him.

when he was on

Cuttub returned back

1

Both returned to

which the Sultan fubmitted

TT

To fhew

About

this

to

after thefe tranfadtions,

ul dien viceroy of all the

Cuttub

far as Hafli to

and Gaalier,

beheged and took the place,

pay

tribute,

fum of ready money, and with

a great

as

command of Tughril, one of his

They then took the rout of Gualier,

where the Raja Shilkuman agreed

immediately

""^^""^

way, he

his

to the

particular and trufty flaves.

with

JBiana,

In conji3n(3iwith the

occa- on

foon after marched his array

heard that Shab ul dien had taken the rout of Hindoftan.

his refpe<It for the Sultan,

Tagc

of Kirman, making a magnificent rejoicing upon

nl dien,
lion,

and bought peace

jewels.

The

returned to Ghizni,

Sultan,

leaving

conquered provinces of Hindoflan.

time news arrived that the Raias of the Raiaputs had

entered into an alliance with the Raja of Narwalla, and had formed a
defign to recover

Cuttub

march

ul dien

Ajmere from the Mahommedans.

with what fmall part of the army lay

in Delhi, to prevent theif junction with

but he was defeated, received

yet he fought like a
at laft,

troops of

being difpcrfed over the provinces, he was forced to

againft the Rajaputs,

porced

The

Rajaputs,

by

his

fix

the forces of Narwalla

defeat-

wounds, and was oftenKdifmounted,

man wlio had made death his companion,

own friends, to abandon the field, he was

carried in a litter to Ajmere.

Tittura, chief of the Rajaputs, rejoicing at this vidory, joined the

forces of Narwalla, and fat down, before- Ajmere.

Vol.

I.

an

Intelligence of
this

^'^

^'^'"''^

Ajmere.

THE HISTORY OF HINDd^TAN.

lyo

unfortuhate event, coming to Sultan Shab ul diehi he Tdt\Vi

this

The

fiege

raifecl

by ihe

Ghizaians.

great forcc

from Ghiznl,

the

to

relief of

y-M

tirt'
'

Cuttub

ul dien

way

taking in his

who

the arrival of the Ghiznians,

fiegc.

i-

purfued them to

did,

their

fort

in alliance

there received'

with the Raja

of Abiigur, to guard the

Cuttub notwithftanding the

with fuch bravery and condud:,

of the

difficul.ies
i

down

having trodden

that,

ranks, above fifty thoufand of the enemy, with their blood,

dufl:

of the

and an immei^ie
,30i.lq

tsiif^jgoj

When

to

He

the forts of Tilli and Buzule,,

Guzcrat.

tempered the
ners,

the

and diuidvantages of ground, reiolved to attack them, which

road,

he

enemy to raife thb

Narwalh, fn the year 59^,*

obliged

of Narwalla, were encamped near the

Overthrows
paflcs into
the Hindoos.
i

Walin and Daraparifs Rajaputs,

advice that

Marches

Cuttub. Ajmere held out

'

fatigue,

field.

Tv/enty thoufand were taken prifo-

Ipoil fell into his

hands.

3n) Ah

i^J \o. (fi>i

hc had given his army fome

ffiJiqB?

from flaughter and

refpite

he purfued his rout into Guzerat, and ravaged that country

without further oppofition, taking the city of Narwalla, where

Omrah

with a ftrong garrifbn was

left.

He

ah,

then returned to Delliir

by the way of Ajmere, and fent a great quantity of jewels and gold,
and

alfo

many

flaves

mainder among his

to the

Sultan at Ghizni,

and divided the re-

trufty partners in the glories

of the

field.

In the year 599, he muftered his forces and matched tothe fiege

of Calinger, where he was met by the Raja of that country,

he defeated
his fort.

whom

and difmounting his cavalry, began to bcfiege him in

The Raja

feeing himfelf hard prefTed, offered Cuttub ul

dien the fame tribute and prefents which his anceftors had. formerly
paid to Sultan

who wanted

Mamood.

to

The

propofal was accepted, but the Vizier,

hold out without coming to any terms, found means

make away with the Raja, while the

be fent. The flag of hoftility was again

to

the fiege recommenced.

The

prefentsi

hoifted

were preparing to

upon the

fort,

and

however, was in a fhort time

place,

reduced.

TME HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'f

on account of the drying up Of a fpring upon that

edaced,

whereon the

There

is

171

fort flood,

a tradition

hill

and which fupplied the garrifon with water.

among

Takes

Caltjti-

the natives of the place, that the above

fountain always dries up upon the difcharging the artillery of the

This

place.

foundation.

may
But we are
ftory

from

poffibly,

a natural caufe, have

fome

rather tempted to believe, that the prefent

drying up of this fpring was owing to the increafe of inhabitants,

and the
Cut^ub

ul dien

The

occafioned by hard duty

thirft

found there

plunder of

precious effedls.

fifty

this city

befides the garrifon,

for,

thoufand male and female.

was very

great,

Cuttub then marched

in

to the city of

capital of the Raja of Calpee.

He

with Budafo, between the

Jumna and Ganges.

Bucht Ear

came

Chillige,

rivers

who had

at this time to pay

^"'^ ^"'^^^''^

Mhoba, the

took that place, together

alfo

Mahummud

been appointed governor of Behar,

him

vifit,

and Cuttub having entertained

feet,

jewels and Takes ivthobji

gold,

laying rich prefents at his

him

magnificently,

returned

to Delhi.

When

Sultan Shab ul dlen, after his defeat in Turkeflan, returned

Hmdoltan, he was joined by Cuttub

to

and

fidelity

he defeated the Gickers

his fallen glory.

ter,

When

way

Shab ul

to Ghizni,
dien's

wr.s

nephew.

and Sultan Shab

inhumanly

Yeas

affafiinated

Mamood

ul dien

alt

throne^ an umbreila, lUndardi, drums,

he

as
,

Jioift

ni

?.fiw

the

and recovered

ul dien,

afcended the throne

the enfigns of royalty, a

,

and the

title

his^pft^r. 10 -gah

T373wod ipiilq

upon

by the Gickers.:

of Sultan

uldien, defimus of retaining^ him-4nvhis

\vasvbyiiiiQ fr^Qfi^Jfiblfii tQiO^|)Qfe'

by whofe valour

in feveral ai^ions,

of Ghor, and upon his accefHon fent

Pr-ince to -Cuttub

dien,

matters were peaceably fettled in this quar-

.he returned to his government

his

ul

J'"5 Shab ut

'IT

.fiT;

boon'immo

Qr--

inCerefl:*i

iuji

idi
Sultaa

'^^^J^

Gickeu,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'

:f72
A.T) i:o^.

Sukaii CiUtub ul dicn received thofc dignities

Lahore, where he afcended the tliroae

at

tiicfpeft,

j^aiieJ to

E-np-

Zicaat

jj^g j^jj^

mean

In the
T
Lahore
taken,
,

Taje

time,

marched

dien

Retaken by
"'f^o

j>. crowned
Ghizni.

whom

bv the
Sultan

the point with Taje ul dien, as

Delhi of

In the

this tranfadion.

between them, while

bravery on both fides became apparent,

ul

j^gjj

jj^g

^jj.y
y

CuWiib

ul dien

^j^^j
'

Quttub after

obliu[ed
o

purfued him

again crowned, taking that

kxurlous!'"'^

he afterwards turned out.

to difputc
at.

efFcdtcd

year 60., the flames of war began to afccnd

at

o^ttub turns

which he

take Lahore,

to

foon ashe received intelligence

Cuttu.-,

602, upon

Eldoze marched an army from

ul dien

treachery of the governor,

ul

in the year

returning from thence in a few days to Delhi.

Ghizni, with an intention

Cuttub

with a proper re-

this,

as

to

far

negligence,

dien at length was

towards Kirman.

Ghizni,
into his

in

own

which

city

Sultan

he was

hands.

unaccountably gave himfelf up to wine and pleafure,

tiU the citizens of -Ghizni, difguflied

Tent privately to

fly

as

kingdom

Taje

Taje

ul dien

with his luxury and indolence,

Eldoze, acquainting

Taje

and intreating his return.

ul

him of

the King's

dien,

upon

this^

recruiting an arniy with all fecrecy and expedition, advanced towards

who had no intelliarrival.

It was now too

Ghizni, and in a manner furprized the King,

Expelled

gence of his defign

till

the day before his

/rom Ghizni.

j^^^ to

put himfelf in a proper

to abandon that
fenfible

kingdom and

of his weaknefs,

of defence, and he was obliged;

ftate

retire

to

repented of his

Lahore.

He

evil habits,

then became

and exercifed

himfelf in the pradtice of juftice, temperance and morality.

gulated his kingdoms according to the

He

dies.

dom

till

his death, in the year

his horfe in a

match

at

ball,

befl:

He

rew^'

laws of policy and wifi'

607 ; which happened by a fall froii|,.

which adverfe parties endeavoured to

carry off on the point of their fpears.

'His

enjoyed

reign,
all
-i

properly fpeaking,

was only four

years,

though Jie

the ftate and dignities of a King, for upwards of twenty;,

if

THE HTISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'

if

we reckon from

his taking of Delhi,

'become King of Hindoflan

mander

fame, had not his

-

He

'glory.

He

title

wgs

'

of com-

'

cprtainly an

of the kingdom of Ghizni tarni(hed_his

for his great generofity

which

he got the firname of

When

man is praifed for

he k as generous as

Lack Bukfh,

a^ll

over the

His chai after,

or beflower of Lacks,

generofity in Hindoftan, they fay, to this

Suftan Cuttub ul dien-."

E C T

bii^,

and had nearly equalled the grea^/l. heroes

lofs

was famous

be faid to have A. p.

though he affumed only the

chief for his patron Shab ul dien.

in

aGoompliflied warrior,
iti:

when he may

^t;i3

O N

-OMW

f'liillil'J

IL

The Reign of Taje ul diek Eldoze.

"U

L TA N
own

his

in educating

dren.

Shab

ul dien,

TurkiHi

flaves,

whom

flaves

whom

he afterwards adopted

befides

Cuttub

as his chil-,

dien became great-

ul

the prefent Taje ul dien Eldoze was one.

King having obferved him

Thft j

to be a youth of genius, advanced hir^^,

he beftowed upon him the government of

Kirma and Shinoran, which lay between Ghizni and Hindoflan.
gradually,

His

prince,

at

till

lituation

laft

gave him an opportunity of frequently entertaining his

upon

his expeditions to

and fromt that country, which he

always did with great magnificence and

to all the King's attendants.

"Sultan
dien fo

dien'

excepting one daughter, had taken a particular pleafure.

Four of thofe

princes, of

during his reign, Iiaving.no children of Taje d

Shah

muchj

ul dien,

that

feflivity^

making

prefents

^^j^^

in his laft expedition,

favoured Taje' ul

he beftowed upon him the black ftandard of the

kingdom.

>

.insiri

J inoii

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

f'74

kingdom of Ghi^pi, by

Omrahs were

fhould

defirous that Sultan

come from Ghor and

^'^'ith

imperial

it

the throne of his anceftors.

title,

Yeas

and

ul

dien

ben

faid that

Sham

he was con-

He, however, affumed

proclaimed Taje ul dien Kino; of Ghizni,

content to maintain

tlie

Yeas ul dien being a

reign at Ghizni.

ipan of an indolent difpofition declined

A'cenJ. the
throne of

that he fl^otild

But upon the death of that monarch,

lucceed to that throne.

Turkiili

intimating his will,

this

the,

and was

power which he would

the appearance of that

not, or rather durft not enforce.

The

thing Taje ul dien Eldoze did after his accellion, Was to

firft

invade Punjab and Lahore, as

He was
his

we have

feen

in

the former reign.

defeated by Cuttub ul dien Abielc, and in confequence

own kingdom, which, however, he

foon after recovered.

afterwards, in conjundtion with Sultan Yeas ul dien

an army to Herat, which they conquered,

Seiftan, but

as

making peace with the prince of

On

alfo

that

Mamood,
a

returned.

GUizni.

were both defeated, and the conqueror purfuing

He
fent

great part of

country,

the way, making war upon Charizm Shaw,

Cliarizm
8havv takes

loft

they
they^

his fortune, took-

Ghizni, while Eldoze retired to Kirma.

The

Sultan finding the northern troops too hard for him, recruited

an army, and marched fome time after the death of Cuttub

Abiek, with a view to conquer Hindoftan.

But,

after

ul

reducing

he was defeated near Delhi by

Eldoze de-

fomc of the northern

liken

Sultan Shumfi ubdien, and being taken, died in confinement.'

provinces,

dien

The

time of his reign was nine years*

As we have already given the

flavs
.j^M.

who

-./iiere to

Jow

hiftory

arrived at the imperial dignity,

fay fomethixig

t)f

of two of Shab
it

ul dien's

-may not be improper

Tughrii* v/ho raifed himfelf from the fame

fituation.
'

vi^..

Tughril

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

was an Omrah of fome repute in the fervlce of Shab ul
Tuehril
o
They relate, that when
dien, brave, and of a virtuous difpofition.

Shab

Mahummud

ul dien

mand of

it

took the fort of Biana, he gave the

But

have feen before.

after

he

left

to infeft the country about Gualier

his departure, that if

brave and virtuous

Omrah.

com-

we

Tughril, and proceeded himfelf to Gualier, as

to

T"g^""il a

Hindoflan, Tughril continued

the

he conquered the

King having

told

him

at

he would confirm

place,

him

in the

war had no

government of

it.

he found that

plying the place, he ordered fmall forts to be built

he

garrifoned,

Yet

it

this

means the place was

held out for near a whole year,

to

come ad

round, whicli

diflreffed for

Sultan

Cuttub

pro-

ul dien

take poffeilion of the place, for they had con-

cordingly fent his troops to feize upon Gualier ;

had almoft enfued between him and Tughril.

fuddenly expired.

manner of

effectually blockaded.

ceived an implacable refentment againft Tughril.

terfering, put an

all

when being

they fent an embafly privately to

vifions,

Abiek

and by

this

always found fome opportunity of fup-

as they

effedt,

When

end

to the difpute

The

The

Sultan ac-

upon which, war

Death however

for at this junfture,

adtions of the other

two

in-

Tughril

princes, formerly

Haves to Shab ul dien, will be feen in the hiflory of Sind and Punjab,
to

which they more properly belong*

'fllB

SECTION

srfj

nr.
i

The Reign of

Sultan

Aram Shaw,

fl.G

lo omoi

imoffS n3lu8

ben Suttan 'duftuB^

ul dien Abiek.

AFTER

the death of Cuttub, his fon

the throne of Delhi

ment of

fo great

an empire.

Aram Shaw mounted

Aram

but was no ways equal to the govern-

Shaw, a

>Yfak prince,

"

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

176
A. D. 1210.

marched
tilccfln'^'
rnembered

irom the emP''*'

one of the adopted

Nafir ul dien Cabaia,

with an army towards Sind,

Mouhan, Otch, Shinoran and

of Shab ul

flaves

dieli,"

which he conquered,

other

Another

places.

as

flave,

Muhummud

of ChiHiee,
o ' rpoffefled himfelf of the
kingdom of Bengal and afierted his own independence. At the fame

Achtiar ul dlcn

time, feveral Rajas blew up the flames of rebellion in

many

parts of

the empire.

Upon
all

the

thefe misfortunes

Omrahs became

Icck Altumfh,

Amir

Alii Ifmaiel,

who was

by

the

Aram Shaw,
vioufly

afliftance

*,

to afcend the throne,

withdrawn

of

the faction within,

is

defeat-

^fed'^

cnfued in fight of the

P'^^^*

city.

which he had enjoyed

battle.

Aram Shaw

loft

ThcReign
Family of

Altumfli.

TT 7 ^
Y y yjiiQ^Q
general.

But

father's

reft

had pre-

warm engagement

the victory and his

em-

IV.

was

originally a

name was Elim Chan,

in his youth,

The country beyond

Rohtl

capital,

it.

of Shumse ul dien Altumsh.

that Altumfil

was envied by the

reduced

fcarce one year.

SECTION
The

to Delhi,

into the country, recruited a fine army, and ad-

vanced to give Malleck Altumfh

He

army
eafily

of trufting himfelf in his

afraid

Mal-

the fon in law and adopted fon of Cuttub

Malleck Altumfh accordingly marched with his

and

Delhi, and

difcontented, fending a perfon to call

and then governor of Budaoon

ul dien,

Amir Dad

nobleman of Chitta,
a great and famous

being the favourite of his father^ be

of his brothers.
the Ganges,

They

therefore determined

N. E, from Delbi now

poflcAed

by ihe

as.

to

THE HISTORY

HINDOSTAN.

fold

him

The merchants

company of

to a

him

carried

to Bochara,

flript

fold as

^^j^

merchants for a Have.

travelling

and fold him to one of the

whom

of Sidcr Jehan prince of that country, from

relations

177

him, and as they were out one day hunting, they

to get rid of

him, and

OF'

he

received a liberal education.

Upon

the death of his mafler he was again expofed to

bought by

who

merchant,

MahummuJ Shaw

Ghizni.

and

talents,

He

was therefore

fold

him

to another Vi'ho carried

taining his leave,

carried back to Bochara, as

made

the merchant, for

him

Sultan Guttub ul dien

till

thoufand pieces of

fifty

afterwards,

whom

Abiekob-

Purchafed by

Cuttub

he had invited

Cuttub,

filver.

ul

dien.

at the

he called Tagage, and ap-

governor of Tibberhind,

where he was

'

the battle between Cuttub ul dien and Eldoze.

Altumfli, in the

afterwards rofe to

was made mafter of the chace, and

fuch favour, that he b ecame the adopted fon of^j^y^^g^

mean

time,

Cuttub ul dien, and was advanced

his prince,

Gualier and Birren, and from

He

accompanied Cuttub

killed in

to the

government of ^^P^^^

thence to the viceroyfhip of Buda-

war

in his

greatly diftinguiflied himfelf in bravery

againft the Gickers,

and zeal for the

and

He

fervice.

one adlion, with the troops of Budaoon, upwards of ten

thoufand of the enemy.

he declared him

Thus by

free,

degrees

This behaviour

and made him

Altumfh

rofe,

many

till

rah,* or captain general of the empire;

Sultan Cuttub ul dien ;

VoL.

to

none durfl buy him, on

that purchafe at Delhi, whither

fame time, bought another Have

oon.

him

but could not agree with the merchant about his price.

flain in

and

heard at Ghizni of Altumfli's beauty

account of the King's difpleafure,

pointed

fale,

1.

he

fo pleafed the

honorary'prefents.

v/as created

Amir

ul

Om- l^^ade

and married the daughter

and upon his death,

King, that

as

we

captain
'"^^

c5f ImpS]."^

have before relata,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

i78
A. D. 1210,
Higci 007.
Accedes to
.

advanced againft the capital, and expelling Aram Sha\^

r
o
*
from the throne in ihe year 607, decki^d himfelf Emperor by the
Ial*(f/'Ke
'

the throne.

title

of Shumfe

Upon
fomeOmrlls. P""*^^s

ul dien Altumfli.

his accefiion

but fomc of his generals taking difguft, went off with the

greater part of his

They

army.

he was acknowledged by many chiefs and

Turkifli horfe,

which were the flower of

joined themfelves with other malecontents,

jijg^.jy

by Shumfe

Shaw being

all

fo clofely

reft

either killed or taken,

in peace.

But foon

after the

purfued, that in a

which

for that

This obliged the King

obedience.

to

Sultan Eldoze of Ghizni,

fort

of GoUore,

pay the revenues of

to

time fent

at this

Altumfh

when Taje

Defeats and

of Hindoftan.

Kldoze."

was defeated by the troops of Charlzm., and

after,

eftabliflied

march and reduce him

enfigns of royalty, pretending to confirm

But foon

flior^

time

governor of the

whofe name was Avice, rebelled and refufed

that country.

before

and defeated, their chief general Firoch

and the

killed,

time they were

Altumfh

ul dien

and ad-

They were met

vanced with a great fo ce towards Delhi.

Defeat! them,

his

ul

him

in the

to

the

empire

dien Eldoze himfelf

retired

to

Kirma and

Shenoran, he turned his views towards the conqueft of Hindoftan.

Eldoze feized upon the country of Punjaab and the city of Tannafar in the year

612, and endeavoured by his emiffaries in the court

of Shumfe uldien, to
ul dien, in the

raife a fatflion in his

mean

time,

own favojr.

drew together

Sultan

his forces,

Shumfe

and advancing

towards him, they fought on the confines of Tirov/ri, about feventy

crores

from Delhi.

Taje ul dien was defeated,

as

before related, and

with many of his Omrahs, taken and imprifoned in Budaoon, where

he died a natural death, according

to fome, but according tp.pthers,

"^^1

was poifoned.

In the year 614, Sultan Shumfe ul dien, engaged MalleckNafir ul

dien Cabaja,

who was

alfo

fon

in

lav/

to

Cuttub ul dien, upon

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

179

the 'banks of Chinaab, where Altumfli proved vidorious.

.

The ^go-

A- D- 2'7'
Higer.614..

vernor of Chillige-, the yeau following, being defeated by Nafir ul

<3ien,

fled for prctedlion to

Ahumfh, who

taking part in his quarrel,

tnarched againft Nafir ul dien, and a fecond time overthrew liim,

recovering the countries

he himfelf returned

loft

by the Viceroy of

Chillige,

upon which

to Delhi.

In the year 618, Sultan Jellal ul dien

Charizm Shaw being de-

Chingca

feated in the north, by the great conqueror Chingez Chan, retreated

towards Lahore, where Sultan Shumfe ul dien oppofed him with

his forces.

brave though unfortunate Jellal ul

This obliged the

dien to retreat

all

towards Sind, where he was oppofed by Nafir ul dien,

who defeated him andpurfuedhim by the way of Kutch andMuckeran.

In the year 622, Sultan Shumfe ul dien led his army towards BeSultan Yeas
har and Lucknouti, where he obliged

then prince of Bengal, whofe hiftory we fhatl

"place *, to

his

pay him tribute and

allegiance.

own name, and appointing his own

left

Aleumln
^Juces

But foon

after,

war broke

all

the

kingdom of Bengal,

out between

prince of Bengal, and Yeas ul dien of Behar.

feated and flain

and

re-

Bengal,

ftruck the currency in

Yeas ul dien in the government ofBehar, and then returned to and

Delhi.

lity

fee

fon Nafir ul dien to the govern-

ment of Lucknouti, which comprehended

he

He

of Chillige,
o
in its proper

ul dien

The

Nafir
latter

ul

Behar.

dien

was de-

Nafir ul dien taking pofiTefilon of his principa-

treafure, out

of which he lent ample prefents to his friends

at Delhi.

In the mean time. Sultan Shumfe

ul dien led out his forces againft Aitumiii

Nafir ul dien Cabaja, prince of Sind, who, unable to oppofe

the

field,

* Th^

left a

him in^S^ind.

ftrong garrifon in Outch, and returned himfelf to

hiftorlan alludes to another

of the pTincipalitics of Hiodoftan.

work which he wrote concerning

Ollii ?W
od'^

AA

a 2

the tranfafliops
>'

r._>

Backar.

THE

jSo

m^i;p,Ry.;OF.imiNDOSTAN.

The Emperor

HiT^r

detached Ni-aam, ul Maluck Jinaidi with

half the army in purfuit of Nafir ul dicn, while with the other
which he

re-

]-,

J^jjf^

himfelf laid ficge to Outch, which he toolc in two months

When

and twenty days.

the news of the

of Outch reached

fall

Nafir ul dien Cabaja, he fent his fon Alia ul dien

Emperor

intreat the

news was brought

for peace.

The

Byram Shaw

terms were not

that Cabaja had been obliged by

to

when

fettled

Nizam ulMulluck

to attempt to crofs the river, and that he was unhappily drowned.

Then

the whole country fubmitted to the imperial power.

Altumfli

then drew his forces towards the fort of Rintimpore, which he bcfiegcd and took.

wilcr^^^'

In the year 624, he marched towards the fort of

he reduced with

At

the country of Sewalic.

all

Mendu, which

this

Amir

time,

liuhani, the moft learned and moft famous poet and philofopher of that
'

age, fled

from Bochara, that

took protection at Delhi,

The Emperor,

at the

city being taken

by Chingez Chan, and

where he wrote many

exxellent pieces.

fame time, had an embafly from the Arabian

Princes, with the royal robes of the Caliphat,

with joy, making a great

feflival,

which he aflumed

and diflributing rich prefents.

In the fame year, he received intelligence of the death of Nafir

ul dien, his

eldefl:

fon prince of Lucknouti, which threw

mourning and forrow.

younger

fon,

whom

He

foon after conferred the

he carried with him

to

title

him

into

upon

his

Lucknouti in the year

627, to inveft him with the government, which had run into conQuell'

bances i
Bengal.

^^^^^

death of the former prince.

Having

entirely fettled

flur-

left Eaz ul Muluck

^
T>nkingdom, and returned with his fon to Delhi.

t^js

countrv in peace, he

to

fuperintend th

He
lier,

formed a defign, in the year 629, to reduce the

which had, during the

reign of

Aram Shaw,
9

fort

of Gua-

fallen into

the

hands

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

hands of the Hmdoos.

a'ccordhS^^Ty-'befieojed

it

for a

i8i

\vh6ltM&,
!

reduced to great ftreights, the governor,

when the ^sarrifon being

Deo Mull, made his efcape in the night, and the troops capitulated,
'

^: ^- '^i'.
629.

Hi<!,er.

Red^'ces
Ciualier.

but about three hundred of them, for treacherous behaviour, were

'^^^i^

punifhed.

,mdi;'0 ngibluiftfiVl

After the redudion of this place, he marched his army towards

JO'

Malava, and reducing the fort of Belfay, took the city of Uge'in, ^

Deftroys the
y
where he deftroyed the magnificent and rich temple of Makal *, form- magmficent
temple of

ed upon the fame plan with that of Sumnat, which had been build-

Makal,

ing three hundred years, and was furrounded by a wall one hun-

The image of

dred cubits in heighth.

who had been

Bickermagit,

formerly Raja of this country, and fo renowned that the people of

Hindoftan date their time from his death,

of ftone, with many other figures of

and broken

to Delhi,

at the

of Makal, both

as alfo that

brafs,

he ordered to be carried

door of the great mofque.

V^*

After his return from this expedition, he drew his army again to-

wards Moultan

but this enterprize proved unfuccefsful on account

He

of his health.

fick

fell

on his march, which obliged him

to

return to Delhi, where he died on the 20th ofShaban, in the year 633.

His

vizier,

Affami,

He

towards the

who had

on account of fome

famous

\jfi,

who

ries

for

wifdom and

difguft,

a great acquifition,

mod

end of his reign, was Fuchur

ul

Muluck

been formerly vizier of Bagdat, for thirty years*

was renowned

deemed

latter

learning, but

had

left

that court

and travelled to Delhi, where he was

and honoured with the

for letters in this reign,

was Noor

ul

vizarit.

dien

The

Mahummud

wrote the Jame ul Hickaiat, a valuable colledtloh of hifto-

and other books.

The Reign

of Sultan Shumfe ul dien was

twenty-fix years.
'

Ma

fignifies

Great

la the

lodian language

and

kal Time,

or fometimes Death*

SECTION

^1'"'**^

THE HISTORY OF tllNDOSTAN.

E C

The Reign

of

Ruckun

ul

Shumfe
A.D.
rcSfe

123-.
s^aVv,

TN
^

the year 625, his

O N

dien

V,

Ferose Shaw ben Sultan

ul dien Altumfli.

father

appointed Ferofe

Biidaoon, and, after his redudlion of Gualier,

He

gency of Lahore.
Delhi on a
rahs

made

vifit,

Shaw governor of
gave him the re-

chanced, at the emperor's death, to be at

and immediately afcended the throne.

and fwore allegiance

their offerings,

The Om-

while the poets of

the age vi.d with one another in his praife, for which they received
liberal donations.

when he

But,
a

weak and

ciifTolote

of luxurv, and
caroets
^

He

Prince.

acquired the imperial dignity, he fpread the flowery

expended

withdrew

his father's treafure

and muficians, and

left

his

^l^ve,

and

^y^j^g^

the affairs of government to the

now became
Shumfe

toils

ftate.

This

woman had

management

been a Turkifh

a monfter of cruelty, murthering

ul dien's

of

upon dancing women, comedians,

of his mother Shahe Turkaan.

Cruelty of
his mother,

hand from the

Haram,

to gratify her

all

the

inhuman hatred

to

them, as alfo the youngeft of that Emperor's fons.

Several

Om'

^.

The minds of the *people began to be

Yeas ul dien MahummudShaw, the younger
*

Tdhs rebel

lled with difp;ufl,

o

and

brother of the Sultan, and

governor of Oud, intercepted the revenues from Bengal, and began

to affert indeoendance.

At the fame time Malleck Ez

Ma-

ul dien

hummud, Subaof Budaoon, Malleck ul dien Chani, Suba of Lahore, Malleck Ez ul dien Cabire Chan, Suba of Moultan, and Malleck Seif ul dien Kugi, governor of Hafli, entering into a confede^
racy, exalted their ilandards of hoflility againft the Emperor.^
^

F^".
rofe

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

rofe

Shaw

marched

colledled a vaft army, and

he was deferted by

his vizier

183

to Kiloo;urry,
J
(J

Nizam Mahummud

where

Junedi, with part

^/I^- '235Higer. 633.

;

erofe

shaw

mal-ches

The

of his army.

Meaz

leek

vizier

went towards Kole, where he joined Mai-

Mahummud

ul dien

They from

Sallar.

rebel s

thence proceeded

where they were joined by the Princes of

to Lahore,

The Emperor,

mean time, continued

in the

his

thefe provinces.

march towards

them, and when he reached Munfurpoor, feven of his principal

^

rahs deferted him, and retired

againft the

OmDeferted by

with their troops to Delhi.

There

his

army,

they advanced Sultana Pazia, the eldefl daughter of Shumfe ul dien,

to the throne* and imprifoned the Emperor's mother.

When

this

news reached the emperor, he haftened back with

army towards Delhi,

and

having

reached

Kilogurry,

his-

Sultana Suhana

Rizia, on the. 18th of Ribbi ul Awil, in the year 634, advanced

againft him.

He

was delivered up into her hands, and died

finement fome time after

fo that

he reigned only

fix

in

Rizla

throne,

con-

months and

twenty- eight days.

SECTION
The Reign

THIS

of

Princefs

in the ableft

VI.

Malleke Doran Sultana Rizia.

was adorned with every

Kings

and the

qualification required An

ftrideft fcrutineers

of her adtions,

could find in her no fault but that (he was a

woman.

of her father, (he entered deeply into the

of government, which

difpofition
ticks.

he encouraged, finding

fije

affairs

had

In the time

remarkable talent in poli-

In that year in which he took the fort of Gualier, he appoint-

ed her regent in his abfence.

When

he was aiked by the Omrahs,

why

excellent-

XHE HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN.

appointed his daughter to fuch an ofRcc in preference to Cd

Ii'is^r.'tj^^.'

many of his

fons, he replied,

up

women,

to wine,

his fons gave themfelves

gaining, and the worfhlp of the

therefore he thought the

to bear

" that he faw

government too weighty

wind

that

for their flioulders

and that Rizia, though a woman, had a man's head and

heart, and

was better than twenty fuch fons."

Sultana Rizia, upon her acceffion, changing hef apparel, aflumed

the imperial robes, and every day gave public audience from the
throne, revifing and confirming the laws of her father,

been abrogated in the

equal hand.

Juck
The

rebels

In the

Mahummud

laft

reign,

mean time

Junedi,

^let at Lahore, advanced

and diftributing juftice with an

and the confederate

with their armies

Lahore
Commenced hoftilities.
without the city.
* '
march towards Delhi, fgnt circular letters to all the Omrahs of

their allegiance.

but

to Delhi,

They,
^

'

at

and encamping
the fame time,

'

the empire, to

draw them

This news reaching Malleck Nuferit,

of Oud, he collected his

emprefs

Nizam ul MuOmrahs.. who had

the vizier Malleck

at

from

which had

forces,

when he had

and haftened to the

croffed the Ganges,

relief

Suba
of the

he was engaged by

the confederates, defeated, and taken prifoner, in which condition

he foon

died.

The Emprefs found means, in her own policy, to fow diflentlon

among the confederates till, finding themfelves in a dangerous fituation, they retreated each to his own country, while fome of them,
;

^.

perfe^and are

being purfucd by the Emprefs, Malleck Seif ul dien Kugi and his

pumfhed.
i^j-Qti^ej-s^

Chani,
hills

Sultana Rizia
EmpTre.^''

were taken and put

who

fuffered the

fame

to death, as alfo
fate,

Malleck Alia

ul

dien

the vizier having efcaped to the

of Sirmore, where he died.

The

profperity of the Sultana daily gaining ground, fhe gave the

vizarit to

Chaja Mohezzib Ghiznavi,

who had

been deputy to the

Flattery.

former

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

former

with the

vizier,

mand of her

of

title

Nizam

A.

Muluck, and the chief com-

ul

forces to Seif ul dien Abiek, with the

D^. 1^239.

of Kilick

title

Mallek Kabir Chan Eaz, having fubjeded himfelf to her

authority, was confirmed in the regency of Lahore, while the counChan.

tries

of Bengal, Dcwil, Sind, Moultan, and others, were alfo con-

firmed to their refpedlive Subahs, on their promife of future obedience.

In the mean time Seif ul dien Abiek, her general, died, and Cut-

tub ul dien HalTen, being appointed to fucceed him, was fent with
the

to raife the fiege of

army

the approach of the imperial forces, they

raifed the fiege

and retreated.

After HafTen's departure for Rintim-

But

^^"^'*

Rintimpore, which was then inverted

at

by the Hindoo Rajas.

Promotions

pore, Malleck Achtiar ab Tiggi

was advanced

Hajib, or lord of the privacy,

and mafter of requefts.

Amir
Jemmal ul

to the dignity

of

dien Eacoot Hubbafhi, gaining great favour with the emprefs, was
alfo

Amir Achor,

appointed

ftation

or Mafter of the Horfe, from

he was prefently advanced

to that

of

Amir

ul

which

Omrah, or

Captain General of the Empire.

The nobles were

greatly difgufted at this promotion, as the favourite

was originally an Abaffinian flave.Thefirfl who began openly

his difcontent,

who threw off his

year 637,

The Emprefs
Eaz
with

collediing alfo her forces,

make

much

fo

him

believing

intereft,

added to

it

ul dien,

allegiance,

ul dien being difappointed

obliged to

her

was Malleck Eaz

and began to recruit

marched cut

that

the Emprefs,

army,

his

beh.^'^^*^^

him, and

This he effeded

upon her departure,

to be her friend, or defirous

by gratitude, continued him

that of Moultan;

againft

in the The governor

by fome of his confederates, was

either

of binding him over to

in his viceroyfhip,

and

which had been governed by Malleck

Kirakufh.

Vol. L

regent of Lahore,

every conceflion to obtain pardon.

art,

to exprefs

Bb

P^''^^'^*'^'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

i86

A. D. 1239.
In the fame year
Higer, 037.
The Suba of hoftile ftandard againft
Tiberhind
...
1
* 1
/t

Malkck

partiiility to

rebels.

Altunia, Suba of Tibeihind, exalted the

the Emprefs, on account of her imprudent

The

the Abalhnian.

Emprefs, upon

marched with her army towards Tiberhind,

all

the Turkifh

tumultuous

tteTmpfefr's
anny.
killed,

and

Omrahs

conflifl enfued, in

half way,

army, mutinied with their forces.

which her Abaffinian general was

where the Turkifh Omrahs

to Delhi,

Byram Shaw,

ul dien

but, about

herfelf feized and fent to the fort of Tiberhind.

flie

army then returned

Moaz

in her

this intelhgence,

the fon of Sultan

Shumfe

The
fet

ul dien,

up
her

brother.

Sheisdepo-

In the

mean

time, Malleck

married the Emprefs, in

great

Marches

to

army of Gickers,

(hort time, by her influence, raifed a

Jits,

Altunia, Suba of Tiberhind, having

and other nations, with many Omrahs of

diftindion, and

marched with her towards Delhi.

Shaw upon

fent Balin, fon-in-law to

this,

The two

forces to oppofe her.

Shumfe

Sultan

ul dien,

Byram

with his

armies meeting near Delhi, an obfti-

nate action enfued, in which the unfortunate Emprefs being defeated,

fled to

Tiberhind.

She fome time

a'

after collected her fcattered forces,

make

condition to

another bold

for

efi:Grt

and was

her Empire.

fbon. in

She ad-

vanced with a numerous army towards Delhi, but her forces being
eompofed' of the troops of Hindoftan, were no ways a match for
thofe of Turkeflan,

which

who was

Malleck Balin,

again fent to oppofe her, gave her another

defeat at Keitel, the 4th of

her huiband

Defe-ited and

Thus

to

while others

.ji

ul

Awil

relate,

died the

in the

that

Byram Shaw, who ordered them

Emprefs Rizia, deferving

three years, flx m.onths,

-

Rubbi

being taken in the purfuit,

immediate death

bound

eompofed the Em.peror's army.

chiefly

ai-kd

fame year.

She and

were inhumanly put

to

they were both carried

to be afl'affinated in prifon.

a better fate, after a reign

of

fixdays.

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The Reign

of Sultan

Moaz

ul

dien

187

II.

Byram Shaw ben

Sultan Shumfe ul dien Altumfli.

WHEN
hind,

the Emprefs Rizia was prifoner in the fort of Tiber- A.D.

Byram Shaw, upon Monday the 27th of Ramfan,

tz^g.

in Qyf^n sbavV

the year 637, by confent of the Omrahs, afcended the throne of [^"^^^^'/"^
Delhi, and confirmed

Nizam

leek Achtiar ul dien abTiggi, in conjundlion with the vizier,

ul

Mai-

the laws and cuftoms then in force.

all

Muluck, by degrees took the whole government of the Empire

upon

himfelf, taking the

fifter

an elephant upon guard,

of the Emperor to wife, and mounting

at his gate,

which was an honour

peculiar

to royalty.

This circumflance

He

and jealoufy in the Emperor'5

raifed difguft

two Turkifh

put on the

ap-

pearance of drunkennefs, and endeavour to aflaffinate Malleck

and

mind.

the vizier.

when
began

therefore ordered

Accordingly

upon a

certain

flaves to

day,,

the King gave public audience, prefled

to

be very troublefome.

Omrahs, went

turn

to

them

Tiggi,
out.

thefe

among

who flood
They drew

the crowd, and

firft

in the rank

their daggers,

plunged them into

his breaft, then,

him two wounds

but he efcaped through the crowd.

were immediately

feized,

two Turks,

running to the

vizier,

and thrown into chains, but

of

and

they gave

The
in

flaves

few

days after they were pardoned.

The

vizier kept his

bed for fome days, on account of his wounds,

bat, as foon as he recovered, he appeared again at court, and ofHciated in his employ.

Buddur

ul

dien Sunkir

b 2

Rumi, who was then

.

maQer

DifguHed

^aiouTom*

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

i88

D.

Scheme

of rcquefts, formed a fcheme to fupercede

him. He, for
^
^
purpofe, placed himfelf at the head of a powerful fadtion at

niafter

Higer. 637.
to

tliis

luperfcde the

coUeding the Omrahs together, and, among the

court, and

vizier.

reft,

the vizier, at the houfe of Sudder ul Muluck, the chief juftice, he

began to concert with them

a plan to bring about a revolution in the

Sudder ul Muluck was fecretly averfe to the meafure, and

Empire.

what was nominally meant

fearing that

againfl:

the vizier, fhould

adually turn upon his mafter, he fent to the Emperor, and informed

him of the whole affair. Sudder's melTenger brought back with

him a faithful fervant of the King, in the habit of a fool, who might
overhear the converfation with the vizier.
The vizier, though he
adually entered into the meafurcs of the meeting, excufed himfelf

from attendance

The

Theconfpirators punifh-

ftory

at that time.

of Sudder being confirmed by the perfon

whom

grnpgror fent to overhear the Omrahs, a body of cavalry were

diately difpatched to feize

them

confpirators,

was

ul dien

fent to

Sunkur,

Muza were

emiffaries, while Cafi

the horfe arrived.

who was
office.

aflaffinated -at

Shumfe

ul dien

The

next

one of the principal

be Suba of Budaoon, while Cafi

dien Kafhani was turned out of his

Sunkur and

imme-

but they having had previous intel-

ligence, difperfed themfelves before

day Malleck Budir

the

Jellal

ul

In a few months after,

Budaoon by the Emperor's

was trod under foot by

ele-

phants.

Thefe 'proceedings
r.mong the

ralfed fear

and apprehenfion^in"the bofbm of

cvery body, vi'hich being improved by the faction, there was a gene-

Tioops.

ralfrdition

among

the troops.

In the mean time news arrived that

^\he Moguls of Chingez Chan had invelled Lahore upon the i6th of
laHore taken^j^"^'^^^

ul

Achir,

in

the year 639:

that

Malleck

Kerakufh>

the viceroy of that place, finding his troops mutinous, had

beeni

Chaa'"^'^

obliged

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAl^

to
obliged
o

fly
>

and
in the night,
o

on
was adually
J

wayJ

his

189
Delhi

to

A.D.

1241.
Higer. 639.

and that Lahore was plundered by the enemy, and the miferable
inhabitants carried

away

The King, upon

which

in

ftate,

it

prifoners.

this urgent occallon, called a general council

was determined to fend Nizam

Muluck,

ul

of

vizier,

and Malleck ul dien Haffen Ghori, vakeel of the Empire, with other

Omrahs,

to oppofe the

Moguls

the imperial army advanced as far

When

Lahore with an army.

at

the river Bea, where the

as

town

Treachery of
the vizier.

now

of Sultanpoor
to the

ftands, the vizier,

Emperor, began to depreciate

and to fow the feeds of fedition

compleatly

effedl his purpofe,

ror, accufing

the

them

field himfelf,

thofe

now with

who was

government

his

in their

Omrahs,

letter to the

of difaffe<5tion, and begging he

or fend other

to the

But that he might

minds.

he wrote a private

enemy

privately an

would

Omrahs and more

Empe-

either take

forces, for that

army could not be depended upon, and

the

therefore nothing could be

done againft the

The Emperor, though he had

^i^^n^y*

that

,jqiit> -^iaj^ib

been forewarned of the treachery

;^t(3(.},5

of his vizier in the late confpiracy, yet the artful

blelTed

accufation,

death
till

he

with

much

difcernment, gave entire credit to this

and fent him an order,

at the

importing, that they deserved

fame time recommending

fliould find the

This was what the

to

him

means of bringing them

crafty vizier wanted.

the King's order, which kindled the

to

He

to

to

be apprehenfive

for himfelf,

about the means of general fecurity

port him,

^aooii

uA

keep them quiet

condign puniHiment,

immediately produced

Omrahs

at

while he mified them with refpedt to the accufer.

ed

fo well ex-

thatByram Shaw, who

tricated himfelf, and gained fuch confidence,

was not

man had

once into

He

mge,

even pretend-

and began to confult with them

;

and they

snifatiR

^sonfa

all

tr.rfi

promifed^ to fupur>-":

This

Om rahs

to

TPIE
A. D. 1:42.
Higer. 540.

This news havin;^ reached the Eirperor, he began

when

eyes,

The Emperor of

Shuh

inaain to

""-It

Omrah' ^

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

too late,

to

open

his
^

and in great perturbation haftened to the hoiife

^

'

Omrah, requeuing him

Illaam, a venerable and learned

to

camp, and endeavour, by proper reprefentations, to

foi"

bring ovcr the difafFedled

Omrahs

to their duty.

Iflaam accordingly

out in private, but not being able to efFedt any thing, returned to

fet

The

Delhi.
L^l.'l^'^

Vizier, in the

the capital, .which he befieged

to

Rebellion fpreading at
The Emperor on

among

laft

the eighth of Zicaat, in

tdken and
g^j-j^j-j^

came
and

Shaw was thrown

to a

advanced with the army

meari time,

three

for

half.

the citizens, the place was taken

the year 639.

into

months and an

where

prifon,

very tragical end, after a reign of

Moaz

Sultan
in

ul dien

few days he

two years one month

fifteen days.

The Moguls,

in the

mean time, plundered Punjaab and

returned

to Ghizni.

SECTION
The Reign

way

HEN
Eaz

Alla ul dien Musaood Shaw,

Ruckun ul dien Firoze Shaw.

of Sultan

the fon of

Byram Shaw had drank

^^^^

diffatisfied

^^^'^

from

his

pofing the ufurper, placed

tblrone

and forcing his

mounted the throne, and ordered himfelf

proclaimed throughout the

Alia ul dien

the cup of fate, Malleck

ul dien Balin the elder raifed a faftion,

into the palace,

and nobility,

VIIL

city.

to be

But the greater part of the princes

with his advancement,

Confinement

him upon

in

immediately took

the white caftle, and de-

the throne the fame day in

which
Balin

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'

Balin had ufurped

it.

Malleck Cuttub

empire

*.

Malleck Mohizib

keel of the

ul dien Haffin
ul dien

191

was made Va- A-^-

'242.
Higer. 40.

Nizam

ul

Muluck,

Vizier, and Malleck Kirakufh lord of requefts.

The

Vizier,

who was

tained an abfolute

power

in

the empire;

and oppreffive difpofition, he bore

They

the nobles.
in the

and anjbitious man,

a politic

main- The

ftill

but being of a haughty g/gg"'^^^,^^''

with too high a hand among

it

confequently began to combine againft him, and

month of Ribbi

ul Awil, in the

year 640, found means to

him one day when he was hunting. The Vizarit was and
conferred upon Sudder ul Muluck Nigim ul dien Abu Buker, and"^^
Even Balin
the younger Balin was made lord of the requefls.
afTaffinate

the elder was appointed viceroy of Nagore, Sind and Ajmere.

Subafliip of
ul dien

their rank

feemed

Budaoon was given

and other provinces

and

intereft at

court

at
fell
;

the fame time to Malleck

to various

the

Tage
to

kingdom.

about this time, releafed his two uncles Nafir ul The Emperor

Byram Shaw,

conferred upon the former the government of Barage,

latter,

afiaffi-

The

Omrahs, according

dien and Jellal ul dien, v/ho had been imprifoned by

He

is

and in general, peace and content

to diffufe themfelves over the

The Emperor,

Vizier

'"^
un^i'e.s!

and to

Tigga Chan was appointed

he gave that of Kinnoge.

Suba of Lucknouti, or Bengal.

In the year 642, an

into Bengal by the
fent towards

army of Mogul Tartars made an

way of Chitta and Tibet.

Sultan Alia ul dien

Lucknouti Malleck Kira beg Timur Chan,

.

of Tigha Chan, with a great army.

defeat, but jealoufy arifmg

incurfion

The Moguls

to the aid

received

a total

'^'le

Mo?ui

Tartars de-

rm-

between Timur and Tiga Chan, they

* This office of Vakeel Sultanit, or Vakeel Mululuck, was the firft in theemDire; his
biifinefs was to ilTue all orders from the clofet to the Vizier or other officers of fta*c,
who were to take meafures for executing them.

proceeded

ftatei in en-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Hi^'

6^t"**

P*"^^^^^^ to open hofliilities;

refigii

and the Emperor ordered Tigha to

the government to Timur, and to return to Delhi.

In the following year intelligence arrived that another army of

Moguls, by the way of Kundiz and Talikaan,

The

and inverted Outch,

Sultan immediately

be muftercd, and putting himfelf

rial

at

ordered forces

their head, directed the

When

ftandard towards the Tartars.

Fxrelledficmof the river Bea,

had entered Sind,

to

impe-

he had reached the banks

they raifed the fiege and began to retreat

and the

Sultan hearing that they had totally evacuated the country, returned
to Delhi.

Alia foon after gave himfelf up to wine and

various
fel,

modes of cruelty,

and oppreffion, defpifing

injuftice

The

and placing the way of ruin before him.

Omrahs

at

length bound up

privately fent for Nafir ul

Mamood

Barage.

loins

Mamood

dien

all

to

Princes and
firfl:

the forces he could raife to-

for life.

He

of Sultan Nasir ul dien

ul dien

have already obferved, that

Altumfh died

ment of

coun-

into prifon

by the

reigned four years, one

day.

Shumfe

WE

all

uncle from

the Sultan's

SECTION
The Reign

exercifed

having

hoilility,

The Emperor was thrown

Omrahs, where he remained

month and one

their

advanced with

The Emperor wards the capital.

depoftd.

women, and

in

that principality

IX.

Mamood

Altumfh.
when

the

eldefl:

Lucknouti, he conferred the

upon

his

ben Sultan

younger fon Nafir

fon of Sultan

title

and govern-

ul dien

Mamood,
But

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

but

this

was a nominal honour,

Mamood being; at

19

that time too young;

o
-/

Upon

for fuch a charge.

Turkaan, and remained

his father's death

in

prifon

till

he was confined by Shaba

he was rcleafed by Mufaood

Shaw, who gave him the government of Barage.

of

his

government he waged

fuccefsful

Rajas, and rendered his province

'

of

his iuftice

the

Omrahs

wars with the neighbouring

happy and

ey^ towards him

was then placed upon the throne of

afide his birth, his bravery,

much

qualiteis very

The fame

flourifhing.

When

father,

his

wifdom and

'ei'/ict^

^^''f'

and

politjc

He prince,

which, even laying

learning,

his

other good

his imprifonment,

he wrote for his livelihood,

He

often faid in the days of his

defpifing the Emperor's allowance.

misfortune, that he

in the late revolution.

jvi-^ogj

deferved to pofTefs.

During the time of

ferveit.

During the time

and poHcy became to be noifed abroad,' which made

turn their

'215hioer. 64.3.

who

could not work for his bread did not de-

he afcended the throne, he was the patron of learn-

ing, the protedtor of the people, and the friend of the poor.

The f^'^

encoura^

poets of that age vied with one another for the prize, at his corona^ion^

which was gained by

This writer

occafion.

is

Minhage,

Cafi

alfo particularly

for his

poem upon

that

famous for his valuable

hillory called the Tibcaat Nazari.

The

vizarit

the younger,

was now conferred upon Malleck Yeas

who

formerly, under the

Chan, defeated the Sultana, and

hands.

all

title

of Chan

ul dien Balin The

Azim A nigh

Vizarit

onBalin?

the executive power put into his

Shere Chan, the Emperor's nephew, was appointed to the

government of Lahore, Moultan, Batenize and Tibberhind, where he

was ordered to keep a great ftanding army, to watch the motions of
the Moguls, who now had poiTelTed themfelves of Cabal, Candahar>
Ghizni, Balich and Herat.

when Mamood
him, he trufted -his own

It is faid,

he told
'

Vol. L

that

appointed young Balin vizier, that The Emperglory to his loyalty and
c

condud

therefore.

BaHnl^''^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

I9V
A. p. itj...
Higer. 644.

therefore, to

that

would

......

do

which he could not anfwer

nothins: for

(lain his

name with

injuftice

The

tude towards his king.

and exerted himfelf with

promifed his beft,

unwearied diligence

gulated fo well the bufiiiefs of the

God, or

towards his people, or ingrati-

vizkr faithfully

fiich

to

in his office,

re-

that nothing efcaped his

ftate,

eye, or pafled his particular infpedlion.

In the

month of Regib

^,

Tne

^.

King took the

He encamped for fome

arms towards Moultan.

of the Sodra

the

fie'd.

and turned his

time upon the banks

and making his vizier captain general, he fent him

towards the mountains of Tehud, and the

territories

of Srnd.

ckcra

hailifed.

countries were reduced, and the

Thofe

Emperor avenged himfelf upon the

Gickers for their continual incurfions, and for guiding the Moguls

through their country mto Hindoftan.

Thefe offences were too

great to be pardoned, and therefore he carried

fome thoufands of

every age and fex into captivity.

Rerr:iaory

mfhef.^

Some

antfent

Omrahs who had

Jag.iers

conferred on them in the

provinces of Lahore and Moultan, had, for fome time paft, refufed
to fupply their quotas to the army, for the maintainance of which,

they held thefe

arrefted

eflates.

By

the advice of the vizier,

The

ao^er the

upon the

^ome

and the King's authority firmly

authors inform- us, that

when

old military tenure;

to

draw

...

way

unwilling to proceed far^

began

eflabliihed.

Secunder- * was on his

Hindoftan, fome of his old generals,

Great.

ther,

gave

country of Punjaab and Moultan were by thefe means effec-

tually fettled,

ctoryofAl x-

The King, however,

and carried prifoners to Delhi.

their Jagidrs to their fons or relations,

they were

their feet out of the

circle

of his obediencei

The heroe upon this, was thrown into great perplexity, not knowIn this dilemma he fent a meffening how to proceed with them.
Alexander the Great.

get

THE HISTORY OF HfNDOSTAN.

tg^

ger to Greece to adviTe with his old mafter Ariftotalife *, xvhb, by

reafon of his age and infirmities, could not

the fage read the letter,

where he gave orders

and

young fhoots

fet

accompany him.

When

he carried the meffenger into the garden,

up

to the gardener to root

in

D.

their

the old plants,

all

Without faying more,

places.

or

writing any anfwer, he told the meflenger to return in hafte to his

mafter.

When

King, and

what

he

the meflenger arrived,

told

him he could

fell

upon

obtain no reply.

his face before the

Secunder was fome-

furprized, and enquired into the particulars of the interview.

Hearino; the above relation he fmiled, and told the meflenp^er he had

He

brought him an excellent anfwer.

accordingly put fome of the

old mutinous officers to death, and cafliiered others

places with

fupplying their

young men who became more obedient

to

command;

and thus re-eflablifhed his authority in the army.

In the

month of Shaban 645,

^with his troops through the country which

Ganges and Jumna, and

an obflinate

commanding

Tftefe

between, the two rivers

fiege,

inducts'" niT""

the fort of Tilfinda'''^'''

taking

two Rajas had

He was met at Kurrah by

whom he defeated, plundering

the van guard.

the Rajas Dillekie and Milleckie,

their country, and

lies

'He then continued his march towards Kurrah,

yielded to his arms.

the vizier

after

Mamood returned

Sultan Nafir ul dien

many of both

feized

upon

Jumna, deftroyed the King's

held their chief refidence

all

their

families prifoners.

the country to the fouth of the

garrifons

from Malava

to

Kurrah, and

After thefe exploits the

at Callinger.

Em-

peror returned to Delhi.

'-Li

ill'

In the followinf^ rear, he fent

die Vizier with an

-^

Rintimpore

a:.d

army towards
'

the mountains of Meruaar, to chaftife the rebellious

.

^inhabitants of thefe countries,

did,

and returned

* A-iHoile, the Philofopher,

'

\l

C 2

Vi2 er

inhabitants of

wnich he effcdually

-r,
I lie

c^^^^''"" '"'e

to

Rim^mpore.

THE HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN.

A. D. iJ4g.

The

to Delhi.

Chan was ^promoted

brother Abiek Cufl)li

viV.ier's

Sd ger.

to

and Eaz Zinjani to be

of Hagib,

dignity

tile

vakeel of the

Empire.

'ilieEmrevor

Jn the lIimQ vcar, the Sultan's brother Jellal

^

recalls his

h Other from

^'""ogc.

from

his

with

all

the

ries

Viziers
daughter.

made

great rejoicings,

He

life,

he

But, fearing that the

fled to the hills

of

Sit-

labour, that he could not lay hands

upon

Vizier,

his

called

but

... The

of

daughter

was

purfued him,

he returned to Delhi.

J^im,

the

months

Delhi.

to

The Emperor

adherents.

his

ul dien

intentions againil his

finding, after eight

Ma

government of Kinnoge

King had fome

noor,

Sultan, in the year 647, married

J
^1
Balin,
and upon the occafion
.

drew, in the year following, his army

towards Moultan, and upon the banks of the Bea,

by Shere Chan with twenty thoufand chofen

he was joined

The

horfe.

Sultan

continued his march to Moultan, where he remained for fome days.

Having placed Malleck Eaz

Nagore and Outch, and

ul

fettled

dien Balin in the government of

fome other matters, he returned

to

his capital.

Fai

111

dien

This Eaz

Balin rebels,

ul dien Balin, in the year 649,

in\
r
llirred up a rebellion in thole provinces.

and

to pjt the imperial ftandard in

rebels to flight
and

is

par-

motion towards Nagore.

this expedition,

Deo, whohadjufc

duced.

and

He was met at

built that fortrefs

and two hundred thoufand

on

foot.

at

after returning

Delhi, before he

Narvar by Raja Sahir

a fleep rock,

with

after a

his

few months

march

to Chinderi

fiege.

five

thoufand

This immenfe hoft were de-

feated With great flaughter, and the place being invefl:ed,

re-

put the

and afterwards actu-

The Emperor,

remained only a few days

proceeded to the fiege of Narvar.

horfe,

He

but fuch was the fl:range policy of the times, that, he

continued him in his government.

from

Cniiideri

promifed him his pardon, upon his fubmiflion

ally

Miiava

threw off his allegiance,

rry
it
This obliged the Sultan

The Emperor from

and Malava, and having

was reduced,

thence continued

fettled thofe

countries.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

197

The A- D. 1251.
o-overn them, returned to Delhi.
and appointed a Suba to ^
Higer, 649.
Vizier gained, in this expedition, great reputation for his condudt

tries,

and perfonal valour.

In the

mean time

the Sultan's nephew, Shere Chan, viceroy of

Lahore and Moultan, who was

at that

wifdom, valour, and every royal

body of

and difcipllned ^cK^zlWrcm

^""S^'-sdrove the Moguls out of the

kingdom of Ghizni, and annexed

ftruck the currency in the

him through

all

had

virtue,

with which he

horfe,

time reckoned a prodigy ofshereChan

He

once more to the empire.

it

name of Nazir

the provinces.

raifed

The

ul

dien, and proclaimed

King, for thefe

added

fervices,

the government of Outch to his viceroyfhip, which, contrary to expectation,

who

was quietly delivered up by Malleck Eaz

ul dien Baling

returned to Delhi, and rece^ved the Jagier of Budaoon.

The

marched by the way of Lahore

Sultan, in the year 650,

into Moultan, and

ning of the following year,

vizier,

who had rofe

began

to

Vi/^fd*"

was joined by Cuttulich Chan, by the way of difgraced.

Sevan and Cuflilu, from Budaoon, with

the empire,

The

'

He

Amad

ul

fine armies.

dien

to that dignity

In the begin-

Eaz Zingani, vakeel of

through the

of the

interefl:

envy the fame and influence of that able minifler.

took every opportunity to traduce his benefadior to the King in

The Monarch's

private.

bly,

affedlions for the vizier,

and he was even prevailed upon

man from

his office,

when he only

at laft

began

to cool vifi-

to difcharge that great

conferred upon

him,

in lieu

of

it,

the fmall government of Hafii, for his fubfiftance, where his ene-

my

fought an opportunity to take his

Amad

ul dien

Eaz now became

life.

abfolute in the King's favour, and AmaduidiV

began his authority by turning out every perfon from their

and governments,

who had

been appointed by the former

offices

vizier.

He

Sour wiL
''^"^

removed-.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

198
A. D. 1:52.

removed

all

flitiiting

Ein

Balin's friends
ul

When

MuluckMahummud, who
Eaz

and

empire,

the

and relations from the royal nrefence, cdnrefided at Delhi, vizier of

dien Cutchlew Chan, lord of requefts.

ul

he returned to Delhi with the King, he every where difturbed

the public peace, and overfet the fundamental laws Q,th,co mUrv,

The Emperor
wards the

river Bea, for

Sncre Cran
difgraccd.

Shere Chan had unfortunately,

been defeated by the Sindies, and

furniflied the favourite

with the King,

who

\U'r

'

march

tq-r-

at this time,

This

:;fi

again muftered his army, and began his

turned

feveral forts in

loft

Moultan.

with an opportunity of dilgracing him

him out of

his

viceroy fliip of Ojtch^

Tiberhind, and Moultaan, which he conferred upon Arfilla Char>>

.and then returned to his capital.

Muluck, the Turk, was

ul dien Rizi ul

Keital and

the

In

mean

time, Malleck

Eaz

by the zemindars of

alTaflinated

Coram, which prevailed on the Sultan

to

march

his

army

from which expedition he very fcon returned

to revenge his death,

again to Delhi.

Theinfo!encc
"

diea"'^

The government
to the

of the Vakeel became by this tlm^ fo invidious

whole Empire, that the Subas of Kurra, Manickpoor, Cud,

^udaoon, Tiberhind, Sunnam, Koram, Lahore, Sewalic, and Nagore, entered into an

former
try

vizier,

afJbciation,

and

fent

an embaffy to Balin the

informing him, that the government of the coun-

was quite fubverted, and that the oppreffion and arrogance of

Amad

ul

beyond exprelTion

dien was

that they

were therefore

defirous he fhould proceed to Delhi, and take the Empire, as forr

revolt.

merly, under his wife condudl and direction.

according to appointment,
in one day at

The

all

the

Balin confented, and,

Omrahs met with

their

forces

Koram.

Sultan, and

Amad

ul dien,

marched with the imperial

forces,

upon

receiving this intelligence,

to difperfe

the infurgentsj but

when

THE HIStORY OF HIND6STAN.

when
the

the royal

army advanced

as far as Haffi,
r

reft

purpofe

Anigh Chan

Balln,

" That they were

his prefence."

HJger. 651.

his

The

fubjeds, and were fatisfied

loyal

he would banifh

Amad

He

The Omrahs

with royal

drefies.

at

difmiff-

picfenTe.'"

dieri

therefore dif-

miffed the obnoxious favourite from his prefence, and fent

Budaoon.

ul

is

Sultan was under the neceffity of either

confenting to this requeft, or to lofe his Empire.

mand

A.D.1253.

and

of the Omrahs, fent an addrefs to the King, to the following He

to kifs the foot of his throne, fo be

from

199

him

to

prefented their offerings, and were honoured

Jellal

ul

dien Chani, was appointed to

com-

Lahore, and Shere Chan was confirmed in the governments

of Debalpoor, Moultan, Battanize, Tiberhind, and other diftrids

The

adjacent.

Sultan returned peaceably to Delhi, and exprelTed

great joy at feeing his old vizier, while the flower of defire bloflbined
in the hearts of the fubjeds,.

In the year 653, the Emperor conferred the government of

Oud

infurredicna
^^^'^"^'^*

upon Cuttulich Chan, of which however he wanted to deprive him

in a

for that of Barage,

few months,

nor fo honourable.

from

Cuttulich Chan,

upon

this

fo lucrative,

account, fwerved

his allegiance, and,

having brought over fome other Omrahs to

a great

army, which obliged the Sultan to fend

his party, raifed

the

which was neither

vizier

difpatched

begun a

againft
at

him.

the fame

diveriion about

Malleck Taje

He

ul

dien,

Turk, was-

who had

was however foon defeated,

taken prifoner, and put to death.

Cuttulich

by the Vizier, and

The

fled toSitnoor.

dien, the

Amad

time againft

Budaoon.

ul

Chan was

alfo routed,

Vizier deftroyed the place,,

but not being able to lay hold of the rebel, he returned to Delhi

year 6cc, entered into an alii- ,

Diepal, the Raja of Sitnoor, in the '->->
A
/
\
ance with Cuttulich Chan, and, railing a great-army, advanceJ to meet

.'"

Cutchlew Chan, Suba of Sind,

who was

All three joining their forces, near

in the

fame confederacy.

Koram, became

confpjracyv
the

impe.
^'

very formidable
10'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

too
i^'T'

^ ^'^^^

to the empire.

The King

army, to take the

mutiny was

Cuttob

111

(lirred

dien, and Cafi

letters to the

When

field.

ther, a

again ordered his Vizier, with a great

the

two armies approached one ano-

up in the Vizier's camp, by Shech Iflam,

Shumfe

enemy, projeding the means of

which they had

alfo fet a fadlion

who

ul dien Berachi,

wrote private

their taking the city, in

The Vizier

on foot to favour them.

having received good intelligence of this treafonable correfpondence

who ordered them

acquainted the King of the particulars,

and*bafflea

in the

confincd.

-by the Vizier. pj,Qj^r^gj^

in

two

mean time

marched with

the enemy, according to the fcheme

body of chofen

cavalry, a

days, advancing to the gates of Delhi,

The Moguls
'

t!elf!^^

difperfed,

Cutchlew Chan

had

but finding them-

retreating to Bind, but

'

the latter end of this year, a

Mogul army invaded Outch

and Moultan, which obliged the Sultan

to point his hoftile fpears to-

Towards

but the Moguls

fled

upon

without further trouble, he returned to his

borough: to

traitors

Chan was never heard of afterwards.

wards that quarter

Difobcdient

crores,

and the Sultan's troops marching out againft

felves difappointed,

Cuttulick

hundred

where the

promifed to meet them that day with their forces

them, they entirely

to be

all

his approach

fo that,

capital, giving the

try of

Punjaab to Shere Chan, and fending Malleck

Chani

to the

Jellal

ul

coundiea

government of Lucknouti.

In the year 6 56, the Sultan marched his army towards Kurrah and

Manickpoor, to

reafon.

chaftife Arfilla

Chan and

Calliche Chan,

joined their forces in obedience to his orders,

the year
at court

before to Punjaab.
to mollify

who had

when he marched

Thefe Subas, however, found means

the King's refentment, and Arfilla

Shaw found

even interefl to obtain the government of Lucknouti, which had

been

fo lately difpofed

of to Jellab ul dien, while the other obtained

fome didrifts by the foot of the mountains.

6

Cutcnlew

THE HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN.

Cutchlew Chan, the

201

Vizier's brother, was, in the year 657, appoint- A. D. iz;S.

ed to the government of Kole, Jellafore, Gualier, and Biana.

No- Cutchiew
^

thing elfe remarkable happened this feafon, but the death of Cufhlu

The

Chan, governor of Sind.

next year an

led

Vizier,

governor

v.f

by the King's commands>

army towards Sewalic and Rintimpore, where

the Rajaputs had begun to raife great difturbances, having colleded

a very

numerous body of horfe and

foot, at the

Upon

plundered and burnt the country.

they

retired

into

ftrong pofts and pafTes,

fire

Vizier's

among

approach*

the mountains,

and continued to ravage their

where, however, he routed them,

country four months, with

the

head of which they

and fword, fetting a price upon their

heads.

The

Rajas of the Rajaputs, rendered at length defperate, colleded Some

all their forces,

and ruflied down from the mountains to be revenged

The

of the Mahomedans.

had time

The

to

draw up

attack of the

rage, revenge,

his

'"''^^

enemy was

and

defpair.

in order

of

them.

battle to receive

violent and terrible, being actuated

It

was with mucH

Vizier could keep the imperial troops in the

by

difficulty that the

field,

but the

enemy

over-heating themfelves towards mid-day, they became hourly more

languid and faint.

The

imperial general infpiring his troops with

they had adled upon the dcfcnfivei

frefli

courage,

began

to charge in his turn, and, before evening, purfued the

for

till

then,

with great daughter, back

Of

ninety of their chiefs

mon
fort

foldiers.

the

The

The Vizier's lofs v/as very

many brsve Omrahs drank of the cup

enemy above

made

ten thoiifand \Vere flain, and

prifoners, befides a great

by

Vizier having,

this

number of com-

adion,

relieved

of Rintimpore, which had been beneged by fome other

he returned vidorious

enemy,

to the hills.

confiderable in this ation, and

of martyrdom.

to Delhi.

The

captive chiefs

the

tribes,

were crutllv

ordered to be put to death, and their unfortunate foldiers condemned

to perpetual flavery.

Vol.

I.

ove-thrown

Vizier faw the florm defcending, and^^

army

In

rebeiH-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

202
A p.

1253.

Hiper

657.

K mbafl)'

from
H.ilaca King
ofPeiiia.

monlh of Ribbi

Iq the

Awil of

ul

this year,'

an ambaflador arri^

''

ved
to

Delhi, on the part of Hallacu

at

rr
fifty

meet the amballador with

Turk, Chillcge, and Afghan

Chan

-f-.

The

Vizier went out

thoufand horfe, of Arab, Agim,

two hundred thoufand

infantry in

two thoufand chain-elephants of war, and three thoufand

arms,

He drew

carriages of fire- works.

columns of twenty deep, with the

up

Having then exhibited fome

battles,

and fully difplayed h

dudled

him

into the

city

priefls,

All

feats

pomp
fet

city

a little

at

There the court was

out in the mofl; gorgeous and

officers

of

ftate,

were prefent, befides

of Ayrac, Chorrafan, and Maverulnere,

had taken protedion

the ambaffador, he con-

to

the Omrahs,

and great men. of the

dif-

mock

of horfemanfhip, in

and royal palace.

very fplendid, every thing being

magnificent manner.

and cavalry properly

artillery

pofcd.

order of battle, formed in

in

five

judges,

princes

with their retinues,

who

Delhi, from the arms of Chingez Chan, who,

had overun moft part of

before that time,

Maay

Afia.

Rajas of Hindoftan, fubjedt to the empire, were there, and ftood

next the throne.

The^Empe-

This ceremony being concluded with great pomp, nothing

cular occurred at Delhi,
fick,

Hisfingular

the year 663,

and, having lingered fome

died on the

by

till

1 1

when

the

Emperor

months on the bed of

th of Jemmad ul Awil, in the year 664,

partifell

afflidtion,

much lamented

his people.

SultanMamood was very fingular

charadtcr.

cuftom of

one wife,

whom

and when

fiie

baking

all

princes,

he obliged

to

in his private charafler, for, contra-

he kept no concubines.

do every homely part of houfewifry

he might allow her a maid to

rejedted her requefl, with faying, that

himfclf,

Chan was grandfon

.aujl Ki.g of Perfla.
^

but

complained one day, that fhe had burnt her fingers in

his bread, defiring

.off Halacu

He had

to the

afiift

her,

he

he was only a tru^ee^foy, the

famous ZingisiQhan, was a great C0Dquer9iP

,iu,uii^a lu uiiL

i^r^
'
.

itate,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

20

mt, 'skA^t^im^ ^^immiKeKk't^ MiM^MW'iikms

He

penccs.

therefore exhorted her to perfevere in her duty

patience, and

'

As

God would reward

with

her in the end.

the Princes of Hinddftan never eat in publick, his table was rather

One

whimfical notion of living by his pen.

infpeding

He

alfo

day, as

continued the

an

Omrah was

Coran of the Emperor's writing, before him, he pointed

The King, looking

But when the critic was

dut a word, which he faid was wrong.

fmiled, and

he began

drew

a circle

round

it.

and reftore the word.

to eraze the circle,

reafon for fo doing; to

which he

originally right, but

replied,

he thought

it

know his
" That he knew

better to erafe

than touch the heart of a poor man, by bringing

Thefe might, indeed, be

in a fovereign

him by

hiftorians,

virtues in private

life,

we muft

look upon

him

gone,

Majefty's

the

from

him

word

a paper,

fhame."

to

but were certainly

for notwithftanding the praifes conferred

at it,

This, being ob-

ferved by one of his old attendants, he begged to

none

a. d. :z6^
Higer. 604,

'

that of a hermit, than fuitable to a great King.

was

ex-

upon

rather as the reprefenta-

tion than the real fubftance of a great monarch.

^

j3jn3xnl rlDum ,^6d isay

The Reign

SULTAN

3ili

Balin was a

O N

of Sultan

and, in his youth,

was

Chitta, of the tribe of Alberi,

carried prifoner by
fold to a

merchant,

Jemmal

the Moguls,

who

He was

ul dien

bought

of BuiTorah,

at

war

in

conveyed him

which our young hero

Bagdat in the year 630, by Chaja

who was

d 2

g^j^^^ g^j.

who '"^ f^''/*

His father was a chief of great power, and commanded

ten thoufand horfe in that unfortunate

was taken.

X.

Yeas ul dien Balin.

Turk of

conquered that country, and

to Bagdat.

E C T

then famous for his piety and

learning.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

204
A. P. 126?.

His maAer

learnin?.

was

iiavin? learned that he

a relation of Sultstn

AltumOl, proceeded with him immediately to Delhi, and prefented

Sentto Delhi.

1^-^^ to

who

the Emperor,

rewarded him

handfomely, that he

fo

re-f

turned independent to Ba^dat.

The
His^r-dual
rile in

the

^^^^^

Sultan employed

him

in the office

He

very expert.

'^^^

the influence of his brother,

and

firft

from that

rofe

who happened

in great favour at the court

of chief falconer, in
both by

flation,

to be then

of Delhi, and by his

own

afcended gradually, from one preferment to another,

Omrah of the empire, and a man in great efteem.

Ruckun ul dien, when he commanded in Punjaab,

Omrah,

an

he became

till

In the reign of

an

hearing his ene-

mies at court had enraged the King againfl him, he refufed

bis orders to return,

and kept for fome time

But having advanced

try.

who came
iiight,

made

to depofe the

to

his

Emprefs,

efcape,

whom

and joined the party of Byram Shaw

he twice defeated,
;

Hafli and Rabari conferred upon

as

we

Ijovi^ever

againrt:

the

and he had the government of

him

reign of Sultan Mufaood, he

Amir

in their

have feen in that reign.

in

which

office

Suiffied himfelf in feveral adions ao-ainft the rebels of

Vi-

Omrahs,

He

confinement.

in

obey

of that coim-

pofl'eflion

Emprefs Rizia, he was taken prifoner

This gained Jhim great reputation

Made

to

Delhi, with the confederate

and remained there fome time

He

merit.

was advanced

he

diftin-

Mewat.

to the dignity of

and in that of

Hajib, in which he gained great reputation

Nafir ul dien he was raifed to the Vizarit, which high office he managed
in fuch a

He
fhe

manner, as

therefore,

to leave the

upon the death of

King but the mere

his fovereign,

title

of royalty.

mounted the throne,

without oppofition, but even by the general voice of the no-

Em Vc
bility

and people.

In the reign of Shumfe ul dien Altumfh, forty of his Turkish

flaves,

who were

in great favour, entered into a

folemn alTociation

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fD fupport one another, and

upon the King's death,

Empire among themfclves.

But

among them,

arofe afterwards

The Emperor BaHn

executed.

of them had

veral

the

to divide the

prevented this projed: from being

v^as

of their number;

and, as fe-

themfelves to great power in the kingdom,

....

remained of that

whom was a nephew

'^^J*

and diffentions having

jealoufies

thing he did after his acceffion, was to rid himfelf of

firft

who

raifed.

aoj

R'ds himfelf

by fword or poifon

affociation, either

of his own,

all

Shere Chan, a

man

among of

his rivals,

of great bra-

very and reputation.

His

fears,

he became

after

fo

particular care that

admitted to any

and

difpelled,

counted by

and wife government,

that his^J^^ ^'"^^ /
'
D
1 artary ami
the Kings of Iran and Turan.
He took

famous for his

was courted by

alliance

were entirely

thefe affaffinations,

all

iuftice

none but men of merit and family

office in his

government

fliould

be

and- for this purpofe he

endeavoured to make himfelf acquainted with the particular talents

and connexions of every perfon

duous

in

rewarding merit, he was no

whoever mifbehaved

As he was very

in his court.

in their flation,

lefs fo in

punifhing vice

affi-

for

were certain of being imme-

diately difgraced.

He
court

of

expelled
;

all

flatterers,

and beiilg one day

the

monopoly
Rupees,

who had

crown,

if

in

the Bazar,

ufurers,

that

told,

pimps and players from his^^

an Omrah,

acquired a vaft fortune,

would

prefent

think of a King

with a wretch

10

infamous

who

of

who had

" what

mufi:.

fhould condefcend to hold difcourfe.

that
Balin was fo famous for his genercfitv,
o
^ '
Eaft,

lacks

he would honour him with one word from the throne

faid,

^^^^^

^'ce.

by ufury and

him with fome

he rejeded the propofal with great difdain, and

his fubjedts

an old fervant

been overthrown

by

all

axins

tb-S
,

"

of the
the princes
r
of Chingez Chan,
fought

...

His gcnero^itJ'^

THE

.06
'^-^^^S*

Hjy:,9yjY^^^F,^{]siDft|T^f^,

There came upwards of twenty of

unfortunate fovereigns from Turkeftan, Mavir ul Nere, Chor-

fought prote(5lion at his court.

thofe

Room *,

Ayrac, Azurbaejan, Pharis,

ralTan,

and Shaam

They had

-f.

a princely allowance, and palaces for their refidence allotted

and they were upon public occafions, ranked before

cording to their dignity

two

all

The

to the right

who were

princes of the Kalifat,

of the Mufnud.

(landing

permitted to

which the

palaces in

them

his throne, ac-

and

except

left,

on either

fit

fide

royal fugitives rcfided in

Delhi, took their names from their refpedtive poiTefTors, and were

ranked in the following order

Willami, Ollavi, Attabuki,

Emuni,

Abbaffi, Singeri,

Ghori,

Charizm Shahi,

Chingezi, Roomi, Aefunkari,

Mufeli, Samarcandi, Cafhgari, and Chittai.

men

In the retinue of thofe princes, were the moft famous

for

learning, war, arts and fciences, that Alia at that time produced.

The

court

of Hindoftan was

the

in

therefore,

of

days

reckoned the moft polite and magnificent in the world.

philofophers, poets and

Chan Shehid,

the houfe of

formed

divines,

ai

fociety every

the heir apparent of the

Amir CLufero

the poet prefided at thofe meetings.

of muficlans,

dancers,

tellers

mimicks,

was conftantly convened

fon Kera Chan,

who was given

players,

at the

Balin,

All the
night,

Empire;

Another

buffoons,

'

at"

and

fociety

and ftory-

houfe of the Emperor's fecond

to pleafure

and

levity.

TheOmrahs

ftillowed the examples

of their fuperiors, fo that various

and clubs were formed

in every

quarter of the city.

focieties

The

Sultaii

himfelf, having a great paffion for fplendor and magnificence in his

palaces,

new

equipages and
city

feemed to

liveries,
lift

up

its

he

was imitated by the court.

head, and arts to arife from the

bofoms of luxury and expence.

Such
and magniS-

\vas the

pomp and

grandeur of the royal prefence, that none

could approach the throne without terror.

The

ceremonies of intro-

cecce,

* Th^l^u-..Afia,

fo called

from being long a part of the J^gpaap Empa-e.

rialom?

dudlion

THE HISTORY
conduded with

duflion were

fo

^^f W^DOSTAN.
much

207

reverence and folemnity, and A

I'- '26?..

Higer. 654..

every thing difpofed fo as to ftrike

Nor was

beholders.

Balin

lefs

awe and aftonifhment

were mounted upon the

fineft Perfian fteeds,

and faddles of rich embroidery.

rich livery, with their

drawn fwords upon

Omrahs followed according

than one

was not

before him.

in

All the

feldom went out

fhort,
;

which he ufed

but to exalt

to gratify any. vanity in himfelf,

men

with their various equi-

to their rank,

pages and attendants.

lefs

filver,

their flioulders, ran pro-

way

The Monarch, in
hundred thoufand men

armour,

with bridles of

Five hundred chofen

claiming his approach, and clearing the

with

His horfe-

confifting of a thoufand noble ij'urks in fplendid

guards,

His

magnificent in his cavalcades.

elephants were caparifoned in purple and gold.

ftate

into the

to fay,

him

in the

eyes of the people.

The
own

feflivals

birth,

amidft

of Norofe and Ide,

alfo the anniverfary of his His

as

pomp

were held with wonderful

all this

and fplendor.

he never forgot that he was the guar-

glare of royalty,

dian of the laws, and protestor of his meaneft fubjedls.

fore

Balin's

fatisfy
it.

time a cuftom

in

Hindoftan,

was be-

in cafes of murder, to

aboHdied

this

cuftom, which has been fince revived, and

ordered the Suba of Budaoon, Malleck Feick,

upon the complaint of

When

poor

Balin was only an

vices of wine,
a great

women, and

enemy

fevereft penalties to

tions

It

the relations by a certain fine, if they confented to accept of

He

came

But

woman

prohibiting wine upon the

be drank in his dominions

pleafure,

into the then courtly

But upon his acceffion he be-

to all thofe luxuries

upon women of

be put to death

for killing her fon.

Omrah, he gave
play.

to

and banifliing

laying great reAric-

all

gamefters from his

court.

So zealous was Balin to fupport his authority,

that for the difo-

bedience of one man, he would order a force to the remotefl parrs

6

of

juftice.

THE HISTOUY OF HINDOSTAN.

Higcr 66^/
Hisieveiity
to rebels.

empire to bring him to punifhmcnt.

^^^^

OF rebellion againft
his
^

government,

In cafes of iiifurrei^ion

he was not content, as had

formerly been the cuflom, to chaftife the leaders, but he extended

the capital punishment of high treafonto the meanefl of their vaflals

and adherents.

This

fe verity

rendered

it

neceflary for the Subas to

have the King's mandate for every expedition or

hoftilities

they were

about to commence.

That

army might be kept

twice every week to hunt, for
l^vfceof

his

in conftant exercife,

led

them out

forty or fifty miles round the city,

cftablifhed laws for the prefervation of the

'h'is

he

game.

In the year

he was advifcd by his council, to undertake an expedition to

ducriilahva^^^*

reduce the kingdoms of Guzerat and Malava, which had been an-

nexed

to the

empire by Cuttub ul dien,

mitted to fliake

by no means

oft"

the yoke.

confent, faying,

To

but were afterwards 'peradvice the

this

Moguls were become

that the

powerful in the north, having conquered

that he thought
ao;ainfi:

it

would be much wifer

thofe invaders, than to

weaken

Emperor would

all

the MufTiilmen prince^,

to fecure

what he

poiTefled

himfelf, and leave his

cou'ri'tfy

'Ji^Dio

unguarded, by foreign wars.

jjsiuottj

Mahummud
gun
Chan

reduced.

...
rejoicing
fect

The Mewats
extirpated,

Tatar Chan, the fon of Arfilla Chan,

to alTert independence in Lucknouti,

reduced,
Tatar

was

this

year,

at

be-

howeverj

AVreac

this occafion,

arnol Jane

who had

and obliged to fend his ufual tribute to Delhi.

Was made upon

fb

which the King was pre-

and gave public audience.

-Baliu ordered,

i*n

the courfe of the fam.e yeaf, an army, to extirpate

a Certain tribe of banditti called Mewais,

felves

had-pofleffed

of an extenfive wildernefs about eighty miles

city towards the hills

make

who

incurfions,

to the

from whence ihey ufed,

number of

fifty

in

fovith eafi:

themof .the

former. reign

^i^^

to

thoufand, even to the gates

of

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

of Delhi.

It

is

that

faid,

in

this expedition,

above one hundred

thoufand of thefe wretches were put to the fword

^-

and the army

being fupp'ied with hatchets and other implements, cleared away the

woods

above the circumference of

for

fpace, afterwards proved excellent lands,

as the

The

crores.

fifty

cleared

was well inhabited,

and

people were protedled by a line of forts along the foot of the

mountains.

army down between TheEr

In the 665 year of the Higera, Balin Tent an

fome

the Ganges and

Jumna,

with orders

punifh the offenders without mercy.

to

to fupprefs

infurredlions in thofe parts,

The

iYfy/,^g^

Sultan

foon after marched in perfon towards Kattal, Pattiali and Bhogepoor,

whofe inhabitants had begun

the

way of Jionpoor and

to ftop all intercourfe

He

Benaris.

p;,t

with Bengal, by

fome thoufands of them

to death, eflablifiiing jufcice and public fecurity in thofe parts.

He

ordered forts to be built, which he garrifoned with Pattans, to crufli

any future diflurbance, and then returned towards Delhi.

his arrival,

he received intelligence of an infurredion

in

Soon after

Budaoon and

Kutter, whither he haflened with five thoufand chofen horfe, and

ordered a

general

maffacre

among

the

and fome thoufands of every age and fex

unfortunate

fell

If fuch cruelties can be any where excufed,

ment

like that

common,

that,

after

by the fword.

without the moft vigorous meafures,

VoLl

in a

govern-

marched

his

i,''^^-^^^

army towards the

for the fpace

of two

and reducing the wild inhabitants to obedi-

This country was famous

were

the peace and

eflablifhed.

all

tranfadions,

thefe

years, in taking forts,

fands of vi'hich

muft be

it

mountains of Jehud, where he employed them

ence.

<

of Hindoflan, where rebellions were in thofe days fo

royal authority could not be at

Balin,

infurgents^

carried

for

breeding horfes,

by the Sultan

to Delhi.

many thou-

Wherever

the

King

Rnhcss

'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

210
/. D. 1266.

Kinc:

iiiger. 655.

for the Subas,

and magiftrates of the provinces

frontiers,

among

The

the poor.

Lahore, which

city,

Sultan,

was afterwards

which

with their offerings,

meet him on

to

fome time

after,

made

/Voout this time, Balin was

great

number of

The
and

Sultan,

upon

fettling half

to

after

to Delhi.

Omrahs,

his

that a

had ferved in the preceding reigns,

and incapable of attending their duty.

invalids

ordered a

this,

by one of

and

lift

of their names to be taken,

men however, were

old

dilfatisfied

with

this

and fome of the principals of them were deputed by the

provifion,
refr,

journey to

pay upon them for hf^, dilcharged them from fur-

The

ther fervice.

told

who

veterans,

were now become

own

thtir

having greatly futfered from the Moguls, he

having erected fome public buildings, he returned

diftributed

ordered to be put in a proper ftate of defence and repair;

Rrgulatci the

Fc^-

Zemindars,

dars

41

marched there was an order

go

to

Malleck

Omrah, Fuchur

ul

ul dien,

chief magiftrate

of Delhi, with prefents, to reprefent their cafe to the King.

This venerable magiftrate being

rejected their prefents, but told

get

them continued upon

to court,

full

with the Sultan,

in great favour,

them he would

pay.

He

ufe his endeavour to

accordingly went next day

and while he flood in the prefence, put on the appearance

of forrow, which being obferved by the King, he Snquired about the

caufe of his grief.
if in

The

the prefence of God,

fome penfive

man
all

replied,

the old

The King was

would become of me."

after

old

filence,

"

was

juft thinking that

men were

what

rejected,

flruck with the reproof, and

ordered the veterans to be continued in

their ufual pay..

Sh^rcC an

I"

^^^^

fourth year of the reign of Balin, Shere

who'had, from the time of Nafir

Lahore, Moultan, Battizc,
I

ul dien,

Chan Chaja Tafh,

governed the provinces of

Tibberhind, Debalpoor and other

dif-

tridts.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Some

trids, died:

now

by poifon from the Kin?, but

this

though reported by fome malicious people

believed,

He was

days.

fay,

211

man of

efteemed a

great genius and an

not

is

iix

thoi4

who now became

Moguls,

the terror of the Eaft.

-^^x'm-.K

intrepid

having defended his country from the incur/ions of

warrior;

D. 12^8,

tlie

Sultan Balin,

upon the demife of Shere Chan, gave Sunnam and Semana

to

Timur

Chan, and the other countries were divided among other Omrahs

of

The moguls,

his court.

encouraged by the death of Shere Chan,

began again their depredations

and

jealoufies

among

dilTenfions

The mutual

thofe provinces.

in

prevented them from

the Subas,

doing any thing effedtual for the public good.

The Emperor,
Mahummud, at

time bearinp;

the
name
of
by
famous

afterwards

that

patched

and befl

wifeft

was

government with a

to his

bleft

generals

hand,

ledted

vernor or the

Chan

the

Shehid,

army,

fine

made

Prince

himfelf

taking great

He

learned men.

with his

in that

art.

The work

confided of

twenty thoufand couplets, and was efteemed the criterion of

the learned

men

Chaja HafTen bore the

firfl:

rank in genius and in his efteem.

was

was efteemed the

vifited at

greateH;

entreaty could prevail

fo that after

Thefe,

accompanied him on

expedition to Lahore.

Mahummud
.

fociety,

tafte.

Amir Chufero and

in the Prince's court.

with many more of his philofophical

^^jihis

dif-

choice colledion of the beauties of poetry, fe-

from the moft famous

Among

of *ro""-"i

and fome of the

The

empire.

company of

viceroy

was immediately

with a bright and comprehenfive genius,

delight in learning and the

own

in

appoint his eldeft fon Mai^ummuJ

the title of Chan Malleck, appointed goto

Mahummud

provinces.

thofe frontier

all

was obliged

therefore,

"JiriJO Ln/i

Lahore by Shech Ofman Mlarindi,

man

upon him

of that age.

loohr.-

;..(!

.W:

But no prefents or

to remain out of his

a (hort ftay, he returned.

Ee2

We are -told,,
"'"'''^

who

own

country

that as he

n.-r,- .r,-

was
one

ofiearnl^g/'^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

212

poems in Arabic before the' Prince, alF

one day reading: one of his r
the poets who were prefent, were tranfported into a fit of dancing.

A. p. 1268.
Higer.

6:7.

But the piece

trary

affedted the Prince,

manner ;

for the

began

tears

con-

to all appearance, in a quite

to

floiv

down

faft

his cheeks.

This might indeed be occafiioned by excefs of pleafure, though

'Was, at that time, attributed to that noble emulation
for that excellence to

Heinvitcsthe
fanr.ous poet

...him
hummud
The fame

which grieves

cannot attain.

it

of Shech Sadi of Schiraz being great

invited

Sadi to his

which

twice to his court

was brought

^o

Mahummud

of

Amir Chufero

to accept of

copy of

fome

his works,

Ma-

at that time,
,

but that renowned fage

excufed himfclf upon account of his years, and, with

cuJty,

it

prefents.

much

dliTi-

Sadi, in return, fent

and did honour to the

abilities

the Sultan's favourite, and prefident of his learned

.

fociety.

The
to

Prince, every year,

whom

duty.

made

a journey to fee his father at Delhi,,

he always behaved with the greateft

filial

affedllon

Sultan Balin gave his younger fon Baghera Chan,, entitled

Sammana and Sunnam, whither the

His father, at his departure,, advifed him

Nafir ul dien, a Jagier of

fet

out to

cruit
^'

relide.

and difcipline

guls; and. that

'-Hvine

and

and

his

if

good army,

to

Princeto rer-

watch the motions of the

Mo-

he ever fliould hear of his giving himfelf up to-

former debaucheries, he would certainly withJraw him

Basihcra, the

from that Subafllip, and never put confidence in him again.

younger fon.

Prince took the advice of his father to heart,, and entirely reform-

m.ann'ers.'^'^

ing his manners, gave great proofs of his natural

his mind,

had taken a wrong

dezvouz was appointed, in

biafs. in

cafe

his youth.

^he-

though',

place of ren-

of an invafion from the north, on-

the river Bea, near Lahore, where the

the imperial

abilities,

"

two Princes were,

to join

army from Delhi,

Every/

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Every thing feemed

now

who was

intrufted

of Lucknouti, began to appear in arms.

and enterprizmg
nagurj

much

whom

tliis

Raj-as

towards Jage-

made no acknowledgment

of his death was fpread abroad.

nout'.

to the

King,

news

This intell'gence having reached the

of Tughril, he affumed the red umbrella with

this,

re-

he defeated, carrying off fome hundreds of elephants and

wealth, out of which he

nities,

Tughril

belsinLuck-

Balin happened at that time to be very fick, infomuch that the

ea-rs

bold

army agamft the

led an

^^^9-

with the government

In the year 678,

man

and fecurity throughout

in perfedt peace

the empire, whenTughril,

213

all

and declared himfelf King of Bengal.

the royal dig-

hearing of

Balin

wrote him an order to return immediately to his allegiance,

he commanded

Ab

which having produced no

effed:,

of Oud, to

and declaring him Suba of Bengal, fent

raife his forces,

Timar Chan ShumQii, Malleck Taje

and other generals, to his

afliftance,

dien,

ul

with

Tiggi, Suba

Jemmal

ul dien,

an army from Delhi, to

reduce the traitor to obedience.

When Ab Th ?i
pow

was joined by

the Gagra or Deo, and

he crolTed the

this force,

proceeded towards .Lucknouti, whence

Tughril advanced with his forces to meet him.

money

his

fo well

ny of the Turkifh

among

this

to

news, bit his

be hanged

the troops of

Ab

own

them

Tiggi, that he

with indignation.

fiefh

at the gate

of

kiih general, with another

a total defeat.

Oud

army

then engaging the

The Sultan
He ordered

hearing

the rebel.

Nor was

fate

of Turmutti more fortunate than that of his predeceiTor.

was

totally routed,

The Sultan
was

and

loft all his

baggage and the public

having intelligence of

in great affiidion,

this

fleet

the

He

treafure.

fecond difgrace to his arms, TheSukaa

and prepared to take the

gave orders to build a large

'^"P"'^'

drew ma-

ab Tiggi
and difpatched Turmutti, a Turagainfl:

Tughril employed

chiefs over to his party, and

imperial army, he gave

Sirju, Defeats the

He L?ch aVainft

field in perfon.

of boats, with

all

expedition,
carry-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

xi.j.

A.D

i.j;9.

carry his bap-^age

down

the river.

He,

whom

time, under

Sunnam and Samana,

pretence of going upon a hunting party, went to

the Subailiip of his younger fon,

mean

the

in

he brought with

with him to Delhi, leaving Malleck Sotch

in the

his

Fuchier

own
He

cnteri

ul dien, or

his

abfence.

Hie Empcror

croffing the

feafon, proceeded to

Ganges, without waiting for the dry

account of the roads, and numerous rivers,

Tughril heard of his approach, and had time

all

his elephants, treafure

The

Delhi.

till

Sultan having arrived in

only a few days.

He

to collect his

army, and

and effeds, took the rout of Jagena-

with intention to remain there

gur-f*,

But having met

Lucknouti by forced marches.

delay, on

with great

with

Omrah,

chief magiftrate of the city, regent during

Bcnga
.

Hav-

government.

ing colletfted the imperial army, he appointed Malleck ul

army

the Sultan fliould return to

Lucknouti, remained there

appointed HifTam ul dien Barbek, governor of

the province, and proceeded himfelf, with his army, towards Jagenagur.

At Sunnargaum,

joined

him with

Tughril,

Perfues the

The

rebels into
Oriffa.

could

if

he

the zemindar of that place,

Hunnage

Rai,

his troops, and promifed to guard the river againft

fliould

endeavour to efcape that way.

Sultan continued his march with great expedition, but he

gain no intelligence of the enemy.

Malleck Barbek beg

Birfe,

He

therefore ordered

with feven thoufand chofen horfe, to ad-

vance ten or twelve crores, in front of the army, and, by

to endeavour to gain intelligence of the rebels

all

means,

but in fpite of

all

enquiry, no fatisfadlory accounts could for feveral days be obtained.

One day however, Malleck Mahummud Shir,

governor of Kole, be-

ing out from the advanced guard with forty horfe, reconnoitring the
country, beheld fome bullocks with pack-faddles, and having feized

the drivers, began to enquire about the enemy.

..

'A

towD

They

obftinately

ID Orifia, near Cattack.

pretended

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

pretendeS'ignorance

upon

the

reft

the

enemy's camp,

fell

them being

but the head of one of

their faces,

215
ftruck

and confeffed that they had juft

which was about two crores

front,

in

'279.

off,

left

that

they had halted for that day, and intended to advance to Jagenagur.

Mahummud
commanded

Shir fen t the drivers to Malleck

Barbek

Birfe,

who ^

the vaneuard, that he mio^ht examine them, and pro-

ceeded himfelf

to reconnoitre

as directed,

the enemy's camp.

^^^j^^^^

P'^''^'"

He Shir,

faw, from a rifing ground, the whole encampment, extended over a

great plain, with the elephants and cavalry picqueted, and every

thing in

reft

and

which were pitched

tents,

to execute one

He

Having

fecurity.

advanced on

fixed his

in the center

upon the

eye

rebel's

of the army, he determined

of the boldeft enterprizes perhaps ever attempted.

full

fpeed, with his forty attendants,

vt'hom he fired

with the glory of the undertaking, towards the camp, which he was
permicted to enter, being taken for one of their

continued his courfe

to

draw

to the ufurper's tents,

Tughrll,

from

tent behind.

having

and

now

fled

who

his throne

in confufion,

He mounted

a horfe

fprad through the

all

men

they met to the fwordj

the rebel as he fled, purfued

gallant

him

^^-^'^'^^

without a faddle, and the cry

camp, he was confirmed

his efcape to Jagenagur.

he was croffing.

and cut his way through the

in his fears,

with an intention to crofs

river,

Makuddur, the brother of the

as

and then ordered his

He

imagined he was furprized by the imperial army,,

towards the

might make

arrow

parties.

and ruftiirg into the great tent of audience, which was

crowded with men of diftindlion, put

crying, " Vidlory to Sultan Ealin !"

ftarted

own

In the

mean

Mahummud

to the river,

that he

it,

time, Malleck

Shir,

having feen

and (hot him with an

Tughril immediately

fell

from

hi.s

horfe,

^"'-^

and Malleck plunging into the flream, dragged him out-by the hair,
and cut

oft

his head.

At

that very infta'nt feeing

fbm of the

ene^-

my/

"

killedj

THE HISTORY OF !IINDOSTAN.

2i6
A- n. i27v'
670.

^gcr,

my coming

that way, he lild the head in the find, and fending

*^

body down the flream, begun

party queftioned

him about

to bath

their

himklf

The

the river.

in

King, and then went off without

lufpicion.

.His

army

fly.

Mahummud's

party, in the

body they found

mean

time, having difpatched every

in the royal tents, difperfed themfelves in

manner among the enemy, who were now

that moft of

them efcaped

fuch a

in the greateft confufion^

Tughril being no where to

in the crowd.

be found, and the panic having run through the whole army, the
flight

became general, and none thought about any thing but perfonal
Thofe who remained

fafety.

the rear,

till

enemy were

the

alive

quite gone off the

returned to the deferted camp,

leek

He

Mukuddur.

inftantly fent the

ed an exprefs

The Sultan

The

where they chanced

He

head to the Sultan.

at the

which came up

in

They then

field.

meet Mai-

to

related the King's death to his brother,

to the vanguard,

Hpffeffion of the

of the forty heroes, loitered

who

fame time difpatch-

that night, and took

camp.

Sultan arrived the next day, with the imperial army.

He

Mahummud called to him the two gallant brothers, and commanded them to refor^his ra(hJ^jg ^j^^ particulars of this aftonifhing exploit.
He heard it with furprize

but inftead of praifing them,

as

they expedled, he told them

that the rafhnefs of their behaviour was inconfiftent

with

and prudence, with much more to the fame purpofe.

hjin'^'**''^^

few days, took

them

into favour, and

their duty

But he,

conferred great

titles

in a

and

honours upon them.

The

Sultan finding the

enemy had

entirely difperfed,

returned to

Lucknouti, and put every one of the rebel's family, and principal adherents, to death.
:children

He

did not even fpare his innocent

and he carried his cruelty

fo far,

women and

as to maflacre a

hundred
Fakiers,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Shaw CoHinder, for having been in great
who had given him a prefent of three maunds

Fakiers, and their chief

favour with the rebel,

BaUn appointed
Chan, King of Lucknouti, beftowing upon him
of gold, to fupport the

and the

royalty,

fpoils

Baghera

his fon

fociety.

all

A. D. 1277.

Balm's crue^^
ty.

the enfigns of

of Tughril, except the elephants and treafure,

Returns to

while he himfelf returned with his army towards Delhi.

The

Sultan

was abfent upon

he conferred great

arrival,

Upon his

this expedition three years.

dignifies'

upon Malleck Fuchier

ul dien^

who had ruled Delhi with great wifdom. He then vifited the learn-,
ed men at their own houfes, made them princely prefents, and at
their inftigation, publiflied an adt of grace

who

were

in

confinement, ftriking

off, at

lances of revenues due to the crown.

to all infolvent debtors,

the fame time,

Notwithftanding

all

old bal-

this

appear-

ance of humanity, either the policy, or natural cruelty of his difpofition, rendered

him

ufimerciful to

all

rebels.

He ordered

be erefted in the market place, for the execution of

taken in the

late expedition

and

that the Cafies, Mufties, and

their pardon, could obtain

it.

it

all

tlie

was with the utmoO:

Ipits to

prifoners

difficulty,

learned men, in a body petitioning

This venerable body

at laft,

foftened

the Saltan into mercy, and he drew the pen of forgivenefs over their
crimes.

His

eldefl:

Delhi to
joy.

fon having heard

and he were infeparable,

Moguls had invaded Moukan.

them

when news was brought

Mahummud

elded

cm

He told him,

him

haftened his departure

^

in the following

" That he himfelf had fpent

and government of kingdoms ;

I.

that the

but before he had taken leave, his father called

iDto a private apartment, and accofted

Vol.

proceeded! to His

him, and was received with the greateft affection andDdbL'^'*

had not remained at Delhi three months, during v/hich

his father

ftration

arrival,

vi(it

He

to oppofe

cf his father's

Ff

that,

long

life in

the Moguls*

him

manner*

the admini- his

by ftudy and experience.

he

fati

advice to

Mahuir.niud,

THE HISTORY ^F^t^X^ip)OSTAN.

2i8
A. D. 1282.
Higer. C81.

he had acquired fome knowledge, which might be of

hummud

which,

after his death,

That

haftened apace.

*'

When you
God.

ty of

fliall

Have

the courfe of nature,

in

therefore he defired he

ear of attention, and treafure

Ma-

fervice to

up

maxims

his

no\r

would lend him the

in his

mind.

afcend the throne, look upon yourfelf as the depur

of the importance of your charge.

a juft fenfe

Permit not any meannefs of behaviour in

yourfelf, to fully

of your exalted

and low-minded men,

ftation,

nor

let avaritious

your efteem, or bear any part

in.

the luftre
fliare

your adminiftration.

Let your paffions be governed by reafon, and beware of giving

way

to

your rage.

Anger

is

dangerous in

all

men

but in Kings

it is

the wea^'oaof death.

**

Let the public

treafure be

expended in the

with that prudent ceconomy, yet benevolent

will didtate to a

mind always

intent

fervice

liberality,

of the

flate,

which reafon

on doing good.

Let the worfhip of God be inculcated by your example, and never

permit vice and

infidelity,

unpuni(hd, to hold up their face to the

day.

Be
'

ever attentive to the bufinefs of the ftatc, that you

Make

the impofition of defigning minifters.

execute your commands, without the

it is

**

it

may

your ftudy to

leafl deviation or

fee

avoid.

them

negledl, for

by them you muft govern your people.

Let your judges and magiflrates be

virtue,

that the light of juflice

light behaviour,

religion, arid

illuminate your realms.

in public or private,

jerty v^'hich exalts the idea

you be

may

men of capacity,

of a King

Let no

detradlfrom that important

;

and

let

fo regulated, as to infpire that reverence

ma-

every thing around

and awe which will

reader your perfon facred, and contribute to enforce your commands.

Spare;

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

"Spare- no pains to find

You muft

cherifti

men

them by your

21

or genius, learning, and courage. A. D. 1282

may

beneficence, that they

prove

'

'

the foul of your council, and the fword of your power.

Throw not down

*'

a great

entirely overlook his offence.

high

ftation, left

man

to the

ground

for a fmall crime,

low man too

Raife not a

he forget himfelf, and be an eyefore

to

nor

haftily to a

men of fupe-

xior merit.

Never attempt any

you

thing, unlefs

are fure to accomplifb

fure, let

it is

through

but what

neceffity,

and having once determined upon a meayour perfeverance be never fliaken by doubt, nor your eye

ever deviate

from the

objedt.

For

nate than pufillanimous, as in the

in the latter

he

is

it is

firft

better for a

cafe

King

he may chance

always fure to be wrong.

to be obftito be right,

Nothing more

indicates the weaknefs of a prince, than a fluduating

certainly

mind."

The Sultan
derly,
*

having ended his inflrudions, embraced his

fon ten- Ma!,ummud
and parted with him in tears.
The Prince immediate!

11.

<*i-^i_y

ii L
the enemy, and having defeated and llain
marchedJ agamit
Mahummud
Chan, chief of the Moguls, he recovered all the territories of
which
1-

againl the

they had pofTeffed themfelves in the empire.

The

throne of Iran was at this time

filled

by Argunu Chan

fon of Eback Chan, and grandfon of Hallaku Chan,

quered that empire about the year 656. Timur

who

tha

had con-

Chan Chingezi,

who was then an

Omrah of mighty renown

in the empire of the

race The
and governed Herat, Candahar,
Balich Cabu), Buduchfha, Ghizni, Ghor, Bamia, and
other

of Chingez Chan,

countries, 'inva-

dedHindoftan, with twenty thoufand chofen horfe,

to revenge the
death of his friend Mahummud Chan, who had
been killed the for-

mer

year.

Having ravaged

all

the country about Debalpoor

and

Ff2

Lahore,

Moguls

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2tO

A.D. I^s^ Lahore, he turned towards

Mahummud

Moul tan.

Sultan,

Htgcr. t82.

whowa*

then in Monltan, hearing of his defigns, haftched to the banks f

the river of Lahore, which runs through part of Moultan, and pre-

pared to oppofe him.

When Timur Chan

advanced to the

faw the army of Hindoflan on the oppofite bank.

defirous of engaging fo great a chief

Timur Chan
and

are de-

feated by

But the prince,

upon equal terms, permitted

in order

of

with
and ensajed
b

battle;'

Mahummud, great fury, for the fpace of three hours, in

which both commanders

The Moguls

eminently diftinguiflied their valour and condud:.

at

lafi;

he

to pafs the river unmolefted.

Both armies then drew up

^

were

river,

put to

with imprudent

flight,

and the Omrahs of Hind purfued them

Mahummud,

diforder.

fatigued

by the purfuit,

halted by a large pond of water, with five hundred attendants, to

drink.

He

there

fell

upon the ground,

proftrate

to return

God

thanks for his vidlory.

ivhoisfurFEized and

In the

^.^^

mean time one of

the

Mogul

wood,

tlioufand horfe, in a neighbouring

Mahummud,

who

chiefs,

The

and began a dreadful flaughter.

had hid

himfelf,,

upon

ruflied out

prince had juft

time to mount his horfe, and, collefting his fmall party, and encouraging them by his example,

overpowered by numbers,

fell

after

upon

fell

to the ground,

and in

of the troops -of Hind appearing

p

,^

at laft

having thrice obliged them to give

ground, and he unfortunately received a

which he

He was

his enemies.

fatal

arrow in his

breaft,

few minutes expired.

at that inftant, the

by

body

Moguls took

to

Very few of the unfortunate Mahummud's party efcapedfrom this conflicft. Among the fortunate few, was Amir Chufero,

flight.

the poet,

who

relates this event at

large, in his

book

called Chizer

Chani,

When- the army

returned from the purfuit of

l)eheld their prince in his blood, tlie ihouts

of

Timur Chan^ and

via;ory^

were changed

THE HISTORY GP HINDOSTAN.

No

the wailino-s of wcys.

ffo

211

mean-

dry eye was to be feen from the

eft foldier to

the old

of

the

S=ultan,

Omrah of high command. The fatal news reached

who was now in his eightieth year. Ihc fountains

...,1

were exhaufted, and

his tears

However, bearing himfelf up

fent

Kei Chufero

command of

tan, took the

life

became obnoxious

adjuft

his

grief of

army

for

the death

of

'^^^

to his fight.

'

he

and the fon of the deceafed, to fup-

Kei Chufero, upon his

Moul-

arrival at

the army, and pouring the balm of bene-

volence and klndnefs upon the wounds of his

to

The

againft the ftream of misfortune,

his grandfon,

ply the place of his father.

A-D. itse.
Higer. 685.

and

government,

provide

afflicted

\^ ^^^^""l

defence of his

the

for

people, began

frontiers.

When

the Sultan found grief and infirmities began to conquer his The

C
Tital ftreneth,

he

r
for

fent

fon

his

and appointed him his fucceffor,

fhould continue with

him

at

n
r
Baghera Chan from Lucknouti,

at the

Delhi

his

till

^jfoon to a

of

but finding his father's

crifis,

he

his departure.

man

old

'hard

and appoint a

To

Baghera Chan

this

was not

likely

to

out for Lucknouti without acquainting

This undutiful behaviour

in his fon,

fn^the
:

mean time

fent for his grandfon

young Prince.

now

kfter a reign of

twenty-two

to prefs
-

from
all

in favour of The

in the year

ul-

years.

dies Cutwal, having affembled the Gmrah.^,

Sultan'j

68^,'^"^'^'

Immediately upon the death of the Emperor, Malleck ul Omrah

Fuchur

^""^^'^

in his favour,

laft will,

Balin in a few days expired,

fon

Baghera to

threw the

Kei Chufero,

was changed

of them promifing to enforce the Sultan's

sge, fends for

him

the Prince haftened to his prefence, and a council of

called, the fucceflion

Sultan
out with

come

Omrahs being

this

death;

into the deepefl afilidtion, fo that death began

Moultan
the

fet

illnefs

he

infifting that

upon him.

He

all

v/OTti

his

fame time

deputy for his government of Lucknouti.

confented

/-II

and being
aiwaya

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

222
A. D. t2?6.
tjjoer. 683.

the prefcnt pofture of

He

affairs.

affured

was a young man of a very violent and

therefore, in

his

be feared

That

if

fo great in the

Omrahs

civil

was

to ele(fl his fon

abfent,

it

would be

war was

to

So

and Kci Chufero, glad to efcape With

r

prudent

mofl:

Kei Kubad, who was

government

and

power

that the

a prince

was the

great

of a

influ-

Kubad

ence of the minifter, that he procured the throne for Kei

Baijhera raifed
to 'the throne,

belides,

empire, that a

mild difpofition and then prefent in Delhi.

Kc5 Kubad

that Kei Chufero

the fucceflion fliould not be continued in his family.

therefore, as the father

for the

them

untracftable difpofition,

opinion, unfit to reign

of Baghera Chan was

the fon of
Trince

or

always in enmity with the father of Chufero, harrang-ued them upon

'

life,

returned to his former

01 Lahore.

In the glorious reign of Sultan Balin, flourifhed at Delhi, befides the

great

men we have

Shech Sidder ul dien

Shukurgunge, Shech Baha ul dien Zeckeria,

Arif,

Shech Budder

of fcience and

ul dien

Ghiznavi, Chalipa Chaga Cuttub

Seid Mola, and

Buchtiar Kaki,

Mufaood

already mentioned, Shech Ferid ul dien

many more, eminent

ul dien

branches

in all

literature.

SECTION
The Reign

of Sultan-

Mo a z

KeT

ul dien

KuBAD,^%en'"

Bu"hera Chan, ben Sultan Yeas ul dien

^
.

Kei Kubad.

'^'TTHEN

VV

Kubad

Sultan

Balin was

his grandfon,

throne, and alTumed the

remarkably handfome
difpofition.

He

had a

in

title

in

of

Balin.
;3MaM
.

numbered with the dead,

his eighteenth year,

Moaz

his perfon,

ul dien.

He

Kci

afcended the

was

a prince

and of an affahle and mild

talent for literature,

and his knowledge that

way

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

way was

His mother was a beautiful

pretty extenfive.

real

and

Kubad had

worth, Kei

princef?, A.

i^.

1286.
^

daughter to Nafir ul dien Altumfh

of any

223

if purity

that

to

of blood royal

is

for a feries of

boafl,

generations.

As he had been bred up with great

11
n
r
when he became mailer of

1-ri
his father,

flridtnefs

give a loofe to pleafure without

his

own

He

refl:raint.

When

King was
court

man of

and in

pleafure,

fliort,

every fhade was

with

The
Gion,'

was heard

preDelhi.

to

fpent

at

fo prevailed that

of pleafure, dnd every

ftreet rung-

feen drunk in

in every houfe.

company but

'up

ul dien,

fingers, players, muficians

who was nephew

ul dien, entering into the King's

man

in his

hands

and

humours, gained great favour, and

Kuaam

got the reins of Maileck

ul dien Ellaka,

who was

of that age, was appointed his deputy.

the

The

the Empire.

who was now

began to form fchemes to clear

firft

objed: of his attention

his

pSirS!!

own way

Afpires to ih

t-Q'*^'""^'

was Kei Chufero,

gone to Ghizni, to endeavour to bring Timur Chan

over to his party, in order to recover the throne of Delhi

he claimed a

title

from

his father's right

Ni-

^r-T

Malleck Nizam ul dien, feeing that the king was quite fwallowed
in his pleafures,

topleakrs.

and buffoons.

and fon in law to Fuchir

dignity of Vakeel Sulianit, and

raifed to the

government

Up

^'

was publickly known that the

Malleck Nizam

greateft

trefles,

became immediately fafhionable

ladies

^'^''^

Sultan built a palace at Kilogurry upon the banks of the river x,; j^^j^^j
his pleafures undifturbed : ad- s' " ^''"'/^'^
and retired thither to enjoy
-rf

mitting no

was

mufky

Even the magiftrates were

with mufick and mirth.

public, and riot

actions

few days, luxury and vice

in a

filled

it

it

11
he began

delighted in love, and

in the foft fociety of lilver bodied damfels with

great part of his time.

under the wings of Luxury

of primogeniture,

to v/hich
'

as well

{is

from

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

224
A. D. 1286.

from the

But

will of the Lift Sultan.

fcheme Chufero did

this

lliger. 6St.

not fuccced, and he was obliged to return from Ghizni

in great

difguft.

In the

mean

obnoxious

His many
viilainie^.

as poflible

Chulero

cntice

Mulders Kei
cb'jfer.u.

time,

fortuoate prince

to the

make him

ul dien endeavoured to

who was at length prevailed upon

Nizam hired alTaflins to murder the un-

to Delhi.

villainies

as

King,

on the way, which they accompliflied

The

of Hickc.

Nizam

the vilagc

at

He forged

of Nizam did not flop here.

a correfpondence between Chaja Chatire the vizier, and Kei Chufero,

He

and thus effeded that minifler's difgrace and banishment.

privately afTaffmated all the old fervants of Sultan

that a general confternation

none

yet fufpec^led

as

in his villainies,

he began
fo great

to

Nizam

he became

be detefted by

lefs fecret in
all

ranks, his
tlie

things were in this fituation,

invafion of

Moguls

the execution

power and

terror

though

city,

The more he

the caufe.

with the King, that he was

While

BaUn, infomuch

was fpread through the

as

alfo

fucceeded

and though

influence

was

of every man.

advices arrived of another

into the diftrids of Lahore.

Malleck Barbeck

beg Birfe and Chan Jehan were fent with an army againft them.
Tb

The Moguls were

defeated near Lahore, and a

defeated."

The

brought to Delhi.

next ftep the traitor took,

the King with jealoufy of his

tune, had enlifled in great
that in cafe of a

countrymen
lieved there

"^^^

Kei Kubad

MoguTslnlfis^^^^^"^
fervice.

number of prifoners

guls

by

Mogul

againfl

Mogul

numbers

invafion,

troops,

who,

was

to

infpire

as foldiers

in his fervice.

He

of for-

pretended

they would certainly join their

him, infinuating

at

the fame time, that he be-

was already feme treachery intended.

wcak prlnce
their chiefs

his guards

iiftened

to thofe villainous

one day together, he ordered them to be

and maflacred

confifc'ating, at the

and,

intimations,

fame time,

upon

fet
all

their

goods

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

poods and wealth.

upon

feized

connexions with the Moguls, and

fent

them

own

when any of
ftate,

for

and

ruin,

fo

Nizam

himfelf, and

ate his affedions

from

fmiling, told him,

tion

means, a

this

lefs

ther.

thus carried

way of

all

before

and called

ininiller,

him

particular refpecft,

year,

him

to

who

preferred the

com-

while fear prevented others

She had

Malleck ul Omrah Fuchir

Feached his ninetieth

had

and honefly.

bufy in the Haram.

and, by

perfon

facrifice,

that fuch a perfon

with an intention to alien-

offices,

The

falling martyrs to virtue

When Nizam

ill

and the

he immediately called

againft the traitor,

from him.

became, by

was no

minifter, that

his father's friends, or vvellwifhers to himfelf

been doing him fuch and fuch

plaint

prifoners to diftant gar-

infatuated by this deceitful

made any complaints

'288.

So blind was Kei Kubai

rifons in the remoteft parts of the empire.

to his

Omrahs who had any^*

the

all

ul dien

in the

all

was

Durbar, his wife The

the ladies at her devocalled the King's

Cutwal,

miniiier
^'^^

fore'him

'

mo-

who had now

perceived the defign of the treacherous

his

houfe, and by various arguments,

endeavoured to fupprefs his ambitious fchemes, and to lay the deformity of fuch behaviour fully open

to

his

view.

The

minifter

allowed the juftice of his reafoning, and affirmed that he had no

further intentions than to fecure himfelf in the King's favour.

having, unfortunately, difobliged fo

for

him

In the

to

many

people,

it

That

was dangerous

permit his authority to dechne.

mean

time,

Baghera Chan the Sultan's father,

contented himfelf with the kingdom of Bengal, having

who had
heard how

matters went on at the court of Delhi, penetrated into the defi'^ns

of the minifter, and wrote a long letter to his fon forewarning

of his danger, and advifing him

how

to proceed.

But

him

his advice, Baghera

of others, was of no weight with that vicious, luxurious, t?hilVonir

and infatuated Prince. When Baghera found that his inftrudions were^'^'*'^'^*
like that

Vol.

I.

flighted,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

226

and that things would foon be brought to a difagfeeable

A. D. .:S8.

flighted,

wLhes

he colleded a great army and direded

to-

w.irJs Dtlhi.

had advanced

that his father

marched down

drew out

as far as Behar,

finding his

army much

The

old

began to

inferiour to that of his fon,

him by

dcTpair of reducing

and both armies

Sirve,

hourly expe(ftation of an adllon.

in

and

his forces

army upon the banks

his

Baghera Chan lay upon the

remained fome days

Kubad hearing

Sultan Kei

meet him, encamping

to

of the Gagera.

man

his flanJards towards Delhi,

years after the death of Balin.

^^^^^

ilTuc,

and accordingly began to treat

force,

of peace.

The young
A

conference

r'''^^i

f!'

upon

Prince,

became more haughty, and by the

this,

advice of his favourite prepared

letter arrived

from

mean

In the

for battle.

his father, wrote in the moft tender

tionate terms, begging

he might be blefled with one

This

before matters were carried to extremities.

gave orders to prepare his retinue, that he might

The

favourite attempted

power

in his

all

and affec-

fight

letter

nature which had fiumbered fo long in Kei Kubad's

time, a

him

of

awakened

breafi:,

and he

his

father.

vifit

to prevent this interview,

him

but finding the Prince, for once, obfiinate, he prevailed upon

to

infift,

as

Emperor of Delhi, upon

means, to break

ofif

deal with, confented to

come

Aftrologers to determine

firft

hoping by

camp, and ordered the

lucky hour, and crofiing the

thi

what a headftrong boy he had ta

to the imperial

upon

vifit,

His defign, however, did not

the conference.

fucceed, for the old King, feeing

the

river,

proceeded towards his fon's camp.

The young Monarch

reception in the
Kei Kubad's

throne,

j^j^

approach,

man

mod pompous

and

bis

infolenc.

having prepared every thing for Baghera's'

arrogantly

fhould

accordingly,

three

when he

and ceremonious manner, mounted

gave

orders,

times

kifs

arrived at the

that

the

his

father,

ground.

upon

The

old

door, was ordered to

^"'""'^ """"
difmoimt.

firft

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

<Jifmount, and after he had

come

in fi^ht

22

of the throne,

A.D.Iizss.
-^-D.
283.
Migcr. 687,

he was

commanded to pay his obeyfance in three different places as he advanced.

The Sultan's Chobdars crying out, according to cuftom,
Baghera Chan to the King of the world fends health.

The

man was

old

much

fo

out into a flood of tears

fliocked at this indignity, that he burft

which being obfervcd by the

fon,

he could

no longer fupport
throne,

fell

on

his

his face at his father's feet,

The good

nefs for his offence.

and

raifing

him

The

his neck.

unnatural infolence,

in his

old

leaping from

but

Mollified up

on feeing

the

h;s

father,

imploring his forgive-

man melted

into compallion,

arms embraced him, and hung weeping upon

was

fcene in fhort

fo affeding

on both

fides,

that

the whole court began to wipe the tears from their eyes.

Thefe tranfports being

to

mount

over, the

the throne, and paying

young Sultan helped

him

his father

his refpeds took his place at

his right hand, ordering a charger full of

golden funs to be waved

three times over his father's head, and afterwards to be given

the people.

All the

Omrahs

alfo prefented to

him

their Nafirs.

PuBlic'bufinefs being then talked over, every thing

peace and friendfhip, and Baghera

friendly intercourfe

Chan

among

was

returned to his

fettled in

peace

fet-

own camp, them!""^'^'^"

commenced immediately between the

t.\o

armies, for the fpace of twenty days, in which time the father and
fon alternately vifited one another, and the time was fpent in feflivity

and mirth.

The

terms fettled

principal

Kings were, that they fhould refpedlively

nions

and then Sultan

to Delhi,

Moaz

ul dien

between the two

retain their

former domi-

Kei Kubad prepared to return ^j^^^

and his father to Bengal.

]9

ta ?,

Before they had taken leave,

Baghera Clian called his

fon,

the

favourite minifler and his deputy into a private apartment, and gave

g z

them

^^^^^^

^iipr -e-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

228

HiiJ'r'.'68^

^^^^^ ^ ^^"S ledure of advice on the art of government.

embraced Kei Kubad, and whifpered

Nizam

ul dien

returned to
-affeded

own

When

Kubad
'

*eio'rin,'"

refpeilive

this occafion,

camp,

jljL^lon.pf

iCei

their

upon

empire,"

foon poflible.

as

in

They both

capitals.

mind.

He

of the minifter.

intercfl:

together

all

the

mod

and fweeteft fingers from

lady,

beautiful

all

wayward

as

he was riding

mounted upon

loofely over

a fine

out,

for this purpofe, coi-

women, moft

This

graceful dancers

and thefe

he was accofled by

robe

beautiful

a crov/n

of jewels

with golden flowers flowing

and a fparkling girdle of gems

fair

one advancing before the royal

umbrella, with a thoufend charms and fmiles began to

back

flopping fhort, fhe begged pardon

fong.

Then

would

not, without

^yjjj^ ^j^g

much

intreaty, proceed.

flng a love

her intrufion, and

-for

The King was

ftruck

...

bcauty of this enchantrefs, and immediately difmounting,

to

plea.'urc.
.h^c:t,;t ?ii

allure-

to his view.

Arabian horfe, with

her fnowy flioulders,

around her flender waift.

i>roui;,ht

difpo-

therefore foon brought

parts of the empire

-upon her head, a thin white

15 aca.'i

fon and the

But his reformatioti

He,

were occafionally introduced

to vice

One day

his

Sultan arrrved at Delhi, the advice of his father for

the

back his prince to the paths of pleafure.

ments

and

young man.

the

Was not the

le(5led

at his return to

apprehenfive of the minifter and the

ftill

tears,

Ghan was much

Baghera

he had that day parted with his

that

^^Y^ feemed to take root in his

part.d in

and told his friends

then

himfelf of

to rid

ear,

liis

He

ordered his -camp to be pitched, and employed the evening in the

pleafures of love.

This damfel was no

than for her beauty.

The King,

broke out in rapturous verfes

ilie

lefs

while

fl^e

remarkable for her wit

v/as

dancing, having

upon thofe charms which (he

difplayed,

anfwered every time extempore in the fame meafure, with fuch

propriety

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

and elegance as aftonifhed and filenced the

-propriety

of the court.

ui

King continued

'In fhort, the

and intemperance

confider
ately

in his

Nizam

He

Moultan
delays,

ul dien as

Nizam

'tTiis

the caufe of
in his

for this purpofe

but

j^i.

i'-

He

ordered

iiis

father,

and to

didrefs.

He immedi-

to rid himfelf

of that wicked

all his

mind

of

him

to the

ul dien perceiving his drift,

government of
contrived many-

that he might get a favourable opportunity to accomplifli his

villainous intentions.

verted upon his

own

Hisdefigns, however, in the

The Omrahs

head.

fomefay without the King's knowledge,

was by

v^-^^

'2S9.
f^-

Cduff^ of pleafure, titlwihe

recolledt the advices

began to form fchemes

minifter.

in

wits

greatefl:

other paffions, had ruined his health.

and then began to

fell Tick,

iXjj.A-iit.:

2:9

difpatched

mean time

him by

re-

poifon,

while others affirm that

foned.

it

his authorit}\

Malleck Jellalul dienFerofe, the fonof MalleckEgherifli of Chillfge,

who was Naib

at court.

'

and was honoured with the

title

of Shaifta Chan, and made Lord of

requefts, as alfo

Suba of Birren.

Malleck Itimsr Chigen was pro-

high

office at court,

and Malleck Eitumur Surcha was

moted

to a

made Vakeel of the empire.

Thefe three divided the whole power

of the government amongft them, while the King by this time be-

came

^''^^''tion

of Sammana, came, by the Sultan's orders, to court>

afflided with a palfy, by

which he

loft

the ufe of one

fide,

jr^j

j.^^^^^

and

J^^^j^^^!^"

had his mouth

diftorted.

Every Omrah of popularity or power, began now

to intrigue for

the empire, which obliged the friends of the royal family to take

Xeiomourfe, a child of three years, fon

iOut

of the Haram, and to

.'this,

fplit

into

two

fet

fadtions,

him upon

to the reigning

the throne,,.

who encamped on

emperor,

The army upon

oppofite (ides of the

city.

Hi'sfonraifei
p^^g*^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The Turks*

A.D.

izSq.
Higcr. 683.

efpoufed the caufe of the younp; Kin?, and the

^
.

Chilligies, a

Upon

ufurped the throne.

had

who
Turks who

powerful tribe of Tartars, joined Shaifla Chan,

the

firft

difturbance, thofe

up the young Prince, jealous of the power of the

fet

and prolbribed

alTembled themfelves,

Chilligies,

the principal

all

Chilligian

officers.

Shaifta

Chan

rebels.

Shaifta

Jellal ul dien,

young

^"'S-

a plot

was formed

figns,

drew upon the

at the

door of his

The fons of

for his

who came

traitor,

im-

lift,

Turk-

the

his de-

to invite

him, and

him

killed

tent.

who were renowned

Tellal ul dien,

immediately put themfelves

the royal tents,

bloody

Shaifta difcovering

aflaffination.

*^

and making an

in that

with the fick Sultan, and

to invite Shaifta to a conference

i(h party,

His fons feize

firfl

Himar Chigen had been deputed by

mediately rebelled.

tne

Chan, being the

alTault

at

the head of

five

for their valour,

hundred chofen

upon the camp of the Turks, cut

which were pitched

in the center

their

horfe,

way

to

of the army, and

feizing the infant King, carried him, and the fon of Malleck ul

Om-

They killed Malwho purfued them, with many other men of

rah, off, in fpite of all oppofition, to their father.

leck Eitumur Surcha,

jdiftindion.

The

citizens

*L?arms.

When

this exploit

A^w immediately
camping

at

the

and refcue the

Chilligies,

Budaoon

be noifed abroad in the

gate, prepared to

city,

would occafion the

fo

a fierce

often

mentioned,

aflaffination

and Tartars

and favage

here

the

mob

out in thoufands, and en-

go

againft Jellal ul dien,

infant King, for they greatly dreaded the

who were

The Turks

to

They marched

to arms.

the old minifter,

began

race.

power of the

Malleck

ul

Omrah,

confidering that this

ftep

of the young king, and of his

own

meniioned, wer mercenaries

in

the imperial

army-

ion,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

who was

fon,*
rity

among

influence
in their hands,' exerted his great

the people, and at length prevailed with

Jellal ul dien, in the

Kubad, who

mean

time, fent an

lay fick, at Kilogurry.

The

up

This

afTaflin

1289.

rliger, 088.

to difperfe.

Kei

unfor-

this

Kei Kubad
^^^^'"^'^^

his attendants.

all

beat out the poor remains of life with a cudgel

in his bed-cloaths,

found

villain

and author- A./D.

to cut off

aflaffin

tunate prince dying upon his bed, deferted by

He

them

231

him

then rolling

threw him over the window into the

river.

was a Turk of fome family, whofe father had been

unjuftly put to death

now had

by Kei Kubad, and he

a compleat

revenge.

When

this horrid

deed was perpetrated, Shaifta Chan afcended

the throne, and affumed the

to the dynafty of Ghor, and

title

of Jellal ul dien, having put an end

commenced

that of Chillige.

who was now

Malleck

Chidju,

nephew ^to Sultan

juft heir

of the empire, was immediately appointed Suba of Kurrah,

and fent off to

government.

compleat his

villainy,

feven, the reign of Sultan

a time long

the city

and

fecurity.

This great revolution happened in the year

in

he made away with the young prince, that

he might reign with the greater

^ three years

efteemed the

dien marched into the

Jellal ul

was proclaimed with great folemnity

palace, and
to

his

Balin, and

Cix

hundred and eighty-

Kei Kubad being fomething more than

and

difaftrous, if

we

look upon the villanies

of Nizam ul dien, and the confeq^uent overthrow of the family of

Balin.

SECTION

ShaiftaChait
throne,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAR

SECTION
The Reign
Hi^;68i?'

xir.

of Sulta'n Jellal ul dien Firofe of Chilligc.

KJIZAM UL DIEN AHMUD fays in his hiftory, that the

^ tribe of Chillige derived their origin from Calidge Chan.

Diffcrentopi- .

nionsconlerning ilie
origin of the
jiibe of Chil-

CalHdge, continiies that writer, having quarrelled with his wife,

.

was an

who

woman, and fearing ihe would draw

therefentment of her brother Chingez Chan upon him, deferted his
army as he was pafling the modntains of Ghor and Ghirgiftan, in his
iinperious and vindictive

return from the conquefl of Iran.

followed Calidge, and took

Three thoufand of

poffelTion

they were afterwards joined by

his,,

mountains,

of thofe

friends

where

many of their countrymen, and even

by fome of the family of Chingez Chan.

Other

hiftorians,

with

equal

improbability,

ought to look for the origin of the

Eaphs the fon of Noo

whom

was

-f-,

who,

of the accounts

is

fay they,

as

had eleven

that

back

far

fons,

we
^as

one of

to think that neither

authentic, the one being too modern, and the other

too antient, to merit our faith.

the reigns of Subu(flagi, and

ftroys the

Chilligies,

But we have reafon

called Chillige.

affirm,

former fuppofition

We hear

of this tribe of Chillige in

Mamood of Ghizni, which

j

entirely de-

and we have great doubts concerning

the exiftence of Chillige the fon of Eaphs, being perfuaded that this
idle ftory took its rife

from the natural vanity of

themfelves back to remote antiquity.

This

tribe

however, as

we

nations, in -tracing

^'^'^

have already obferved, inhabited the

mountains of Ghor andGhirgiftan, and were a brave and hardy, though

f Japhet,

the fon of

Ncah.

barbarous

THE HfSTdRY OF HINDOSTAN.

They make

barbarous race.

a bufinefs

of war, and always ferved

ls ^' ^- '28
Higer. 607,

who mounted

thatShaifta Chan,

He

was one of thofe

raifed himfelf to

in the

man of genius, was

being a

cloak

to

his villainy

throne, he ordered

age

who fubfift by

army of Sultan

him

when he mounted
after the death

Mufnud.

and ufurped the empire.

He

himfelf upon

the

f^e

murdm

was feventy years of Emperor

by way of

Firofe,

as

plainnefs,

'

chan-

laid entirely afide his cru-

of the young Prince

and became remarkable

humanity and benevolence.

for his

He had

no great confidence in the loyalty of the people of Delhi, and

works, and adorned with

of the

river.

fine gardens,

The Omrahs

built palaces around, fo ttiat

new

of the

and beautiful walks by the

following the

Sultan's

v^'as

all

was appointed Ariz Mumalick,

petitions to the throne

dignified

fecond fon, with the

title

with the

all

and the Emperor's

of Chan Chanan

title

of Arkali Chan

They had

of Kuder Chan.

was continued

citizens of

The

Chaja Chatire was appointed

Omrah,

in his office.

Delhi perceiving the wifdom,

lenity,

and juftice

of the King, were gradually weaned from their attachment to the old
t

Vol.

I.

hj"s^foir'"

and the third with that

Vizier, and the old chief magiflrate of the city, Malleck ul

ul dien,

-f

confers ho-

governments conferred upon them,

and maintained feparate houfeholJs.

The

name

city.

or receiver-general of

Fuchir

example,

Kilogurry became known, by the

Egherifli Chan, the Sultan's brother,

elded fon

Refides at

which he ftrengthened with

therefore refided always at Kilogurry,

lide

His fon Firofe

Balin.

eflabliflied

ged the royal umbrella from red to white

elty,

and

young Prince Keiomours,

be put to death.

to

the

related,

and having

the fword

appointed to the government of Samana.

He was called from thence, as before

He referved for fome months, the
a

father of

the throne of Delhi, was EgheriHi.

foldiers of fortune,

fome rank,

The

employ them.

mercenaries any power that chofe to

Lord of Lords.

family,

^.^j.^ ^r.^r

popuiaiity.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

234
A.

D.I 200 family,

Siiltnn B.i-

I;n rebels

and fupporteis of the new government.

friends

much

himfelf was at

Thenephew f^g
of

became

i\i)d

^9

pains to

and

cultivate popularity,

encouragement
Kuve grer^t
to the learned of that
he a
Durppfe
o
o
r
r
agq,i,V(Ii,o, in rctur^i, ofFcrcd the incenfe of flattery at the altar of
fj^^j

hU
to,

In the

fa4B...

^ul^fio Balin,

Chaii,

Nabpb of Kurrah,

the

an<i.

Nabob of ;Qud, aflumcd

the currency of the country in his

He

of Moghiz ul dien.

nephew

ye^r of Firo(e, Malleck Chidju,

l^ecqn.d

with Ha)im

in alliance

the cnfigns of royalty, and ftrugl^

own name, which he changed

brought over

to that

and Ja-

to his party all the Rajas

gierdafsof thofe parts, and, raifing a great army, advanced towards Delhi.

Advices of this infurre6:"on arriving in the capital, the Sultan colledtcd his forces,

feiie^

and marched out to meet the

He

rebels.

fent the

who excelled at the bow, a few miles in his front,

command of Arkilli Chan his own fon. Arkilli encoun-

Chilligian cavalry,

under the
tering the

enemy about twelve

He

nate engagement, defeated them.

ners in the purfuit,

hung round

whom he

their necks

When he

faw them in

unbound,

to have a

is

hue pardoa-

them

to the Sultan.

he immeAately ordered them

He

*'

called

That

evil

them before him, and

for evil

was

eafily

but he only was great

who

dered them to

in full aflurance of his forgivenefs.

^^^^ ^^^^ prifoner to the

as

He

could return good for evil."

Mallcck Chidju, fome days

taken,

King.

after,

condemning him

a free pardon,

fed
-

him

ed a

traitor.

returned,

then or-

to-

death,

life,

as prifo-

This lenity of the King, gave great umbrage to the

Chillige,

to

repeat-

and fent him to

Moultan, where he had a handfome appointment for

Omrahs of

to be

was taken by the Zemindars,

Inftead of

was expedled, the Sultan gave him

ner at large.

prifo-

change of linen given them, and an elegant en-

ed a verfe to this purpofe,

retire,

an pbfti-

Omrahs

took feveral

in that plight fent

this diftrefs,

tertainment to be provided.

He

after

city,

mounted upon camels, with branches

and

from the

crores

who

addrelTed

him upon

the occafion, and advi-

purfue the policy of Sultan Balin,

They

defired,

that, at leaft,

who

never

needle

pardon-

fhould

be

pglTed

THE rHS^fORY OF HINDOSTAN.

235

to-'

to be an example to
the eves of Malleck Chidiu,
J

oafled through

If that

Others.
raife its

1^- '290.
Higer. 689,

was not done, they averred, that treafon would fooa

head in every quarter of the empire

and, fhould the

Turks

once gain the fuperiority, they would not leave the name of Chlllige

The King

in Hindoftan.

anfwered, that what they faid was certain-

of government

ly according to the true policy

he,

am now

an old man, and

wifh to go

but,

down

my

friends, fays

to the grave

with-

cigj^^,

Emperor

out (hedding blood.

This behaviour of the Sultan,

the

efFeft

which the Chilligian

muft be acknowledged, had foon

it

chiefs forefaw.

Clemency

is

a virtue

which defcends from God, but the degenerate children of Hind did not
deferveit.

There was no

fecurity to be found in

the highways, v/ere infefted by banditti.

flreets,

any place.

Theoccafions

Houfe-breaking,

robbery, murder, and every other fpecies of villainy, became a bufinefs

vince,

Infurredions were heard of in every pro-

over the empire.

all

numerous gangs of robbers

ftopt all

commerce and intercourfe,

and the Nabobs refufed or ne^ledted to fend any account of their revenues or adminiftration.

The dmrahs

of Chillige

v^^ere

greatly alarmed at thefe proceedings. The Omrahs

and began to lengthen the tongue of reproach againft their Sovereign. agShim.

They

even began to confult about depofing him, and to

Tage

ul

dien Kugi,

lution, to

who was

the throne.

For

entertainment in his houfe

man of

raife

influence, courage,

this purpofe they

met one

Malleck

and refo-

day, at an

but having intoxicated themfelves with

wine, they began openly to talk of aifafrinatirig the emperor, quarreling about which of them fhould have the honour of that undertaking.

While they were

iruthis fituation,

one of the company privately

withdrew, and running to the Sultan, repeated' very circumft^ntially

every partic.ilar of what he had heard.

dered a guard to fufround the houfe,

jiuu^ii

h 2

TheStiltarv irnmedi'ately dt-

who

having feized the Omrahs,

brought

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

236
A. D. izqc. broui>ht

them

Hijjcr, L89.

all

before him.

upbraided
them witli their trea^

he drew his fword, and throwing

fon,

challenged the, boldeft of them to wield

upon

theiii- faces,

and remained

down upon

it

againft

it

fell

pardoned,

them howevcr,, whofe name was Malleck

Where

gracious a King, if you fhould

'BN

Nuferit, was gifted with;

for wine,

can

condemn

for the future,

The
whole

reft for their

this,

condudl, advifed

and difmilTed them

The name of

all

own
them

down

Omrah Fuchir ul dien Cutwal,

men, who by his intereft, held

dependants of the venerable Cutwal

*,

this time,

and

places at

Jagiers

Among

to want.

that

became

deftitute

-f ,

other

by

his

and fome thou-

All thefe turned their face towards

for their maintenance.

This Seid Molah was

travelled

behave betteCj

to

dying about

death, were twelve thoufand readers of the Coran

hiflory.

then

in hiftiory.

were deprived of them, and reduced

Molah

He

hand.

was Seid Molah, and the

the Dirvefti

fands of his Sipais and fervants.

called.

with his pardon.

ul

the great

and fmiling,

one of the moft: remarkable events

is

has been thus delivered

affair

Malleck

court,

Prlnce was pleafed with

execution of a Dirvefli

in this reign.

Mis

unguarded

us for a little

and gave him another cup with his

upbraided the

Seid

the words

-:

The uHguarded

all

One of

V 13V

Dirveft^

they.

we ever find fo good and

be no more? Or where can the King,

get fo faithful fervants, were he to

Remarkable

But

and told the King, that

reft,

of drunkenncfs were but wind

folly

him.

and confounded.

filent

Arcdifco-

more impudence than the

the ground*

a venerable fage, in a

from Girjan towards the

* Chief magiftrate of the city.

t Each of thefe was obliged to read

the

eaft,

mendicant

where he

Coran over once

drefs,

who

vifited various

a day.

countries.

THE mSTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

and men fam^^s for piety and knowledge.

countries,

ed

ul dien

gunge, a famous poet and philofopher of that age, with

fome time,

fided,

in great

But

friendfhip.

Balin, having an inclination to fee Delhi,

who

advifed

him

court, otherwife

Seid

Molah

to cultivate
it

arriving at Delhi, fet

up

the reign of Sultan

in

friend,

men

of the

in the end.

academy and houfe of Arrives

a great

entertainment for travellers, fakiers and the poor of

tions,

lowed fome particular

He

public worAip.
lived
as

Mahommedan

and brought up in the

upon

rice

only

tenets of his

own,

women

kept no

men were

more and more

made nothing of throwing

magnificence in his

feafts

Upon

all

the great

fo

poor, a thoufand

maunds of

diftrefs.

mean

The mob,

court reforted to

him with

and

innocent

in

the death of

his entertainments,

men of the

city; for

In (hort, he difplayed

at

oil,

he

more

all

feftivity

retinues,

to pafs that
all

gates in

way.

c-nce and

the*^

maunds of meat,

length, crouded his

Emperor and
their

upon

daily,

butter and other necef-

was almoft impolTible

time, the fons of the

nights

in

flower, five hundred

eighty maunds of fugar, befides rice,

it

pofTefled

beftowing great fums

unbounded, that he expended

proportion.

whence

than any of the princes of the empire,

His charity was

fuch numbers, that

and

three or four thoufand pieces of gold into^

the bofom of a noble family in

the

in

and expended a princely revenue

which were now frequented by

in

allonifhed

were fuppiied, and actually believed, that he

Sultan Balin he launched out

faries

yet he fol-

flaves for himfelf,

the art of tranfmuting other metals into gold.

in charity,

faith,

very

yet his expences in charity werefo great, that,

he never accepted of any prefents,

his finances

denomina-

at

^"''^''^

he never attended

fo that

nor

all

Though he was

turning none away from his door.

religious,

he re-

he took leave of his

him

fatal to

A- D. 1290.
Higer. 689.

Shucker-

whom

no intimacy with the great

would prove

then turn-

Shech Ferid

face towards Hindoftan, to vifit

liis

237

In

the princes of the

and fpent whole days

and philofophical converfation.

After

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

238
A. D.I 290.
Higer. 689,

Fuchir

After the death of

forth his

hand

dien Cutwal, the Dirvefh

ul

ftretched

numerous dependants, and fupported them

to his

in

plenty and eafe.

mean

In the

time, Cafi Jellal

turbulent difpofition,

ul dien,

a'

man of an

intriguing

wrought himfelf into the favour and

dence of Seid Molah, and being endued with

and

art

confi-

plaufibility

He

tongue, began to infpire the philofopher with ambitious views.

him

told

the

kingdom from the tyranny and

The

againft the

King.

offices

upon

to deliver

oppreffion of the Chilligies, and

and privately began to beftow

royalty,

his difciples,

He

defigus.

Confpires

by God

philofopher, in (hort, fuffered his imagination to be deluded

fpkndid ideas of
and

as fent

Hindoftan with a wife and juft government.

to blefs

Afpircs to the
throne.

upon him

that the people looked

of

titles

and to take other meafures to execute

engaged Beregin Cutwal and Heitai Palwan, two

of his ^particular friends, to join in the King's retinue on friday as

he went to the public mofque, and to aflaffinate him j while he
himfelf prepared about ten thoufand of his adherents to fupport his
ufurpation. But one of his followers, underftanding that

of

lefs

came

fome others

merit than himfelf were appointed to be his fuperiors, be-

difgufted,

went

privately

to the

King, and difclofed

to

him

every particular of the confpiracy.

Heisfdzed,

The Ktng
diately feized
perfifled in

Molah and

ul dien to

be imme-

and brought before him for examination.

But they

ordered Seid

their

Jellal

innocence, and no other witnefs appeared againft

them, which rendering the accufation doubtful, the Sultan ordered

a great

fire to

be prepared in the

be put to the ordeal

fee the

trial.

He

field

of Bahapoor, that they might

himfelf marched out of the city to

ceremony performed, and ordered a ring

the pile.

The

fire

being kindled,

the Sultan

to

be

made round

commanded

Seid

Mola

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN;

Mola

two

-and the

brought, that they might walk

be

to

affalTins

Having

through the flames to prove their innocence.

prayers they were juft going to plunge into the

them

tan ftopped

thenature of
ous

was

fire

more than

to the wicked.

Mahommedan law

He

Befides, faid he,

AD.

ago.

their

the Sul-

faid,

"

that

to the righte-

confume, paying no refped

to

faid

when

fire,

and turning to his minifters,

fhort,

239

contrary to the

it is

to pradtife this heathenifh fuperftition."

therefore ordered Cafi Jellal to Budaoon, and Seid

Molah

to Ordered

to

perpetual im-

be threwn into chains in a vault under the palace, and the two

who were

perpetrate the affaffination to be put to death.

to

the fame time, baniflicd a

When

donfpiracy.

they were carrying Seid

evil

againft us

at

fufpedted of the

to

fome Collinders

man who was projedlhim to be judged by you,

Behold the

ftood near him, and faid,

ing fuch

He,

prifonment.

Molah through the

King pointed him out

court to hisvprifon, the

who

number of thofe who were

men

I therefore leave

according to his deferts."

name was

(At the word, a Collinder whofe

Beri,

ftarted forth,

and running towards the prifoner began to cut him with a razor.'

The

unfortunate Dirvefh told

He

ing him to God.

him

then addrefl'ed himfelf to the King,

looking over the balcony, and

thought of putting a period to

the innocent

is

an

be more expeditious in fend-

to

evil,

faid,

my

am

life;

poflerity.

words, became penfive and perplexed.

hated Seid

Molah

for the great intimacy

that you

have

yet to diftrefs the pious and

and be alTured that

upon you and your unfortunate

rejoiced

who was

my

curfe will

The King

lie

heavy

hearing thefe

His fon Arkilli Chan, who.

between him and

his elder

brother Chari Chanan, feeing the Emperor's irrefolution, beckoned

to an elephant rider,

who

which accordingly he

ftood in the court mounted, to advance,

did,

and commanded his elephant to tread

Put

to a cruel
*

Seid

Molah

to death.

Zea
2

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A D.

i^ct.

Zea

ul dien Blrnl,

he himfelf was

his hiftory of Firoze

in

that time in

at

Shaw, informs us that

Delhi, and that, iiuniediately upon

dcath of Stid Molah, a black whirl-wind arofe, which for the

proJigy.

fpace of half an hour, changed day into night,

drove the people la

the flreets againft one another, fo that they could fcarce grope their

way

own

to their

rain

fell

was

ftreets

The fime

habitations.

in thefe provinces during that year,

and highways

K ina

de^

him

dines,

in

the

This event happened in the year

of the Dirvefh was

lofs

much

regretted,

for

many

entirely innocent of the charge.

profperity of the
faiftions

*^^y

daily died

But thefe were the throes of nature, and not the rage

690, and the

The

no

while whole families drowned themfelves in

of the elements for Seid Molah.

believed

that

and the confequence

moft terrible famine, by which thoufands

the river.

The good

author relates,

King began

and difputes

arofe,

vifibly to

which

for every

greatly diflurbed his ad-

Private misfortunes prefTed hard

miniftration.

decline,

upon him

at

the fame

time; among the number of which was the madnefs of his eldeft
fon

Chan Chanan,

heir apparent of the empire.

No

medicines could

cure that prince, and the diflemper hourly gaining ground foon ter-

minated

Ke

marches

The

in his death.

King,

to Rintimpore.

Rmtimpore
Arkilli

after the deceafe of his fon,

^
to quell an mfurrection

Chan

to

manage

/-

affairs

thefe parts.

in his abfence.

retired into the fort of Rintimpore,

the place, defpaired of reducing

fort called Jain,

marched

his

army towards

He

left his

fon

The enemy having

and the King having reconnoitered

it.

He marched

towards a fmall

which he took, then breaking down the temples

of Malava, plundered them of fome wealth and again returned to

Rintimpore.

He fummoned

the fort a fecond time to furrender, but

finding the rebels paid no attention to his threats, he gave orders to

undermine the

walls.

He

however changed his

refoJution,

and

decamped.

THE HISTORY OF MNDOSTAN.

decamped,
r ;i

favins:,
c
J

4-1

that he found the place could not be taken with- A. D.

1291.
Higer. 691.

out the

deiigns againft
lars

many

of

lofs

and therefore that he would lay

lives,

Malleck

it.

Amed

who was

Chip,

afide his

one of the

of the empire, replied, that Kings in the time of war, ftiould

make no account of thofe

when compelled

things,

to it

by

the necefiity of fupporting their authority, which was

The

the cafe.

King,

in

you, that

now

In the year 6gi

am

to think

faid he,

of Biraam, he faw the Moguls

The

of Moguls.

unwilling to

in front

armies encamped for the /pace of

five

having

Sultan

enemy, collefted

When

and moved forward to oppofe them.

his

he reached the

beyond a fmall

j'^'j^^^^,^

army

frontiers

Both

river.

days upon either fide of this

many were killed.

armies at

laft,

by mutual confent, pitched upon an extenfivc

where they might have room

to

contend for the vidlory.

Accordingly on the iixth morning they drew up in order of

clofed

up the dreadful

interval of war.

The Moguls,

obftinate conteft

were overthrown, many of their chiefs

about a thoufand

men

Omrahs and
this vidtory

taken prifoners.

feveral officers

was

afraid to purfue

it,

Among
The

of rank.

condition of their evacuating

A
I.

Tomair

confifted of' rOjOoo

battle,

after

killed,

the latter were

an

and

two tan!^^

and offered them peace, upon

his dominions. .^jfT'hey

accordingly}

bir.q gl^dat ^fit

men.

Overthrown

Sultan, not.withfta,nding

'^'Oraodfon of Zingis Chan, and King of Perfiaj^J

Vol.

Moguii

during which time their advanced pofls Ikirmifhed fre-

quently, and

told

one of the kinfmen of Hallacu Chan *, invaded The

received advices of the approach of the

plain

have often,

plainly

continued his march to Delhi,

Hindoftan with ten tomans

The

now

and

of widows and orphans upon the reign of a few

He .therefore

ftream,

being on the brink of the grave,

entail the curfe

days."

" but

juftice

him how he came

wrath, afked

thatthefe were not his fentiments

and

pil-

"gladly

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

liiger*

692'

S^^^'y accepted of thofe terms, and prefents were exchanged between

When

them.

to the great

Allaghu Chan, grandfon

retreating,

Chingez Chan, joined the Sultan with three thouH^nd

They

men.

Moguls were

the

all

became Muilblmen^ and

was honoured

their chief

with one of the Sultan's daughters in marriage.

i\rkii!i

Chan

The King,

this time,

appointed his fbn ArklHi Chan, vice-

whom he left a
To Allaghu Chan

Lahore, Moultan and Sind, with

HI^of^La." '^y
Loie.

about

and returned himfelf to his

force,
reft

who had now become true

of the Moguls

certain

diftricft

houfes,

and

capital.

the

near

city,

where they

a confiderable

raifed

believers,
built

and the

allotted a

themfelves

for

known by

town,

was

ftrong

the

name of

Mogulpurra.
In the year 692, the Sultan was under the neceffity of marching
his
The

expedi-

nUkn^.^'^^

army again

to quell an infurredlion

he took, and put the enemy

ul dien, the King's

to flight.

about Mindu, which fort

In the

mean time-, Malleck

nephew, and governor of Kurrah, requefled

permitted to march againft the Hindoos of Belfa

vince.

Having obtained

leave,

who

to be

infefted his pro^

he marched thefame year to

Belfa,

which

he took, and having pillaged the country returned with much

part of

which was

fent

as

a prefeht to

the

Sukan

Alia

fpoil,

among other

things there was a large brazen idol^ which was throw^n down, by

The

the Budaoon-gate.

Sultan was greatly pleafed with the fuccels

and behaviour of Alia ul dien upon this expedition, for which he

rewarded him with princely prefents, and annexed the fubadary cf

Cud

to his former

Alia ul dien,

government of Kurrah.

King

this preferment, acquainted the

upon

there were fome Rsjas of great wealth towards Chinderi,

the Sultan (liould give

him

dience, and fend their

permiffion, he

fpoih

to

the

would reduce

royal

treafury.

that

whom,

if

to his obe-

The

King,

<thro.ugb

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

through covetoufners, confented to
dien was

moved by

this propofal,

the violent temper of his

who

the Sultan's daughter,

threatened his

243^

which Alia

to

A.

ul

wife Mallike Jehan

To

life.

D. 1293.
^

'

avoid therefore

her refentment and that of her father, he looked round for fome

remote country which might afford him an afylum.

Accordingly,

Marches into
^

in the year 693,

he took leave of the Sultan

towards Kurrah, took

many

chiefs of diflinftion into his

He. marched with eight thoufand chofen

again ft

long

fervice*

by the neareft road

horfe,

Ramdeo, Raja of the Decan, who

feries

and proceeding

at Delhi,

pofTelTed the wealth

of a

of Kings,

Alia ul dien, arriving upon the frontiers of the Decan, prefTed for-

ward

againft the capital of

he

fortified,

was

Rumdeo's dominions, which, not being

feemed too bold to be attended with

refolution,

made

Though

hopes of furprizing.

in

fuccefs, yet

he

this

attempt

perfifted in his

and by furprizing marches reached Elichpoor, where he

a fliort halt to refrelh his fmall army.

He

marched from

thence with equal expedition, towards Deogire the capital.

gence of Alla's progrefs coming to the Raja, v/ho, with

been abfent upon fome fervice

in a diftant part of his

returned with great expedition to intercept the

rous army.

He

Intelli-

his fon,

had

dominions, he

enemy with

nume-

accordingly threw himfelf between Alia and the city,

engaged him with confummate bravery, but in the end he was de-

This expedition

is

otherwife recorded by the author of the Tibcat

Alia ul dien,

fays

that writer,

left

Kurrah on pretence

of hunting,

and having

petty Rajas, avoided

Emperor

in difguft,

of the Tillingas
in the

Decan.

all

paffed through

hoftilities,

Chunder,

the territories of

giving out that he had

and was going to

Ram

Overthrows

Ramdeo.

feated with great lofs.

Nafiri.

offer

who was

many

left

the

his fervices to the Raja

the moft powerful

King

Accordingly, after two months march, he arrived

I

without

Another ac
^""'^
expedition.

THE HISTGRT OF HINDOSTAN.

+4
A.I>,

ifljj.

without any remarkaWcoppoikion atEIiehpocw, from

whonce/attiflwitft

changing, his courie, he decamped in the night, and in two days

furprized

The Raja

the city of Deogirc the capital of Ramdeo.

himfclf was in the city, hut his wife and his eldeft foa had goae to

without the walls.

^vorfliip at a certain teroj^e

Ramdeo, upon the approach of

was

Alia,

iSuwai

lltcni r

in the greateft confter-

He however colle(5ted three or four thoufand citizens and

nation.
M^^j domeflicks, engaged Alia ul dien at one of the gates of the city^
being defeated, retired into the

DcooTre"

ditch,

and not being ftored with

fending
the

it

long.

provifions,

out, that

he had no hopes of de-

who were

on

full

march

to the place.

who,

the general iafety, began to fecure themfelves.

pillaged the

chy and

feized

cipal inhabitants, tortured

^nje time carried on the

Ramdeo
that the

having no

fiege

inftead of joining for

Alia ul dien having

for their

wealthy

prirvr

while he at thf

of the citadel,

-,,rrf

feeing he muft foon-be obliged to yield, and imagining

Emperor intended

to

make

a general conqueft of the

Decan

endeavoured to procure a peace before any other forces arrived.

therefore wrote after this

Your

manner

Hai

to Alia.

invalion of this country

was

certainly impolitic

and

rafh,.

but fortunately for you, having found the city unguarded, you have

been permitted to range at

Rajas of the Decan,

large.

It is

who command

however

pofiible that the

innumerable armies,

may

yet

furround you, and not permit one of your people to efcape from our

dominions

alive.

Suppoiing even that you fhould be able to retreat

from hence undiiluibed,

6

This ftruck

upon the merchants, brahmins and

them

In

he was only the van- guard of the

univerfal terror into all the Rajas round,

AUa's cruelty,

fort

Alia ul dien immediately inverted the place.

mean time he gave

Emperor's army,

This

citadel..

are not

the Rajas of Malava, Candez and

Gundwarra

THE HISTORYvODF'HINDOSTAN,
Gundwarra

men

thoufand

Do

have each armies of forty or fi%Hig?r

you hope they wiU^permit you to efcape unmo-

It

693'

and

^^j^deo pro-

is therefore advifeable for you to retire in time, by accepting

Pg^^^J"""''^

a;fmall reward, and

you

who

your way,

on

after this perfidious attack

lefted,

Gods

in

245

what

fpoil

their brethren, in rehgion

you have already got,

to

indemnify

your expence and labour."

for

Malleck Alia

and having received

and jewels,

was very glad

ul dien

maunds of gold,

fifty

elephants, and

fifty

to accept

of tbofe

propofals, which

Alia

a large quantity of pearls

feme thoufand

horfes,

which were

taken in the Rajas ftables, he releafed his prifoners, and promifed to

abandon the place in the morning of the fifteenth day,

frofti his firft

entrance..

But when

had

fled

Alia!

was preparing to

with his mother, on the

retreat, the Rajahs eldeft fon,

appearance of the imperial

firft

troops, to col left forces, advanced with a

few miles of the

He

Ramdeo

numerous army, within

fent a melTage to his fon,

therefore ordered

him

turbance, for that he perceived the

peace was better than their war.

derftanding that his

inform-

army was

not to open again the door of dif-

Turks were

The young

thrice the

a warlike race,

liftened not to the

thefe terms

"

If

commands of his

whofe

Prince however, un-

number of the enemy, and

expeding hourly to be joined by other Rajas, with numerous

ifi

^[Jif f^^^^j!

peace was concluded, and whatever was done, was

ing him, that

done.

city.

who Ramdeo's

father, but

forces,

wrote to Alia ul dien

you have any love for

life,

and

defire fafety,

rufh out of this

Hi? infoient

which you have plunged you rfelf What-^"^^

ever you have plundered and received, you mufl return^ and take
'^^
your way homeward, rejoicing in your happy efcape."
horrible whirlpool, into

'

Alia

'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

24^

D. 1:93.

Alia ul dien, upon reading; this infolent

He left

the city.

Mallcck Nuferit

attaclc

to inved the citadel

rched with the

fand horfe, and immediately n

of

reft

with a thou-

of his army, to

the Raja's fon, and drew up in the front of his camp.

The Hindoo
his

fire

and blackening the face of the meflenger, hooted him out of

rage,

ls

kindled the

letter,

He

did not decline the offered battle.

numerous fquadrons, and the

battle

drew forth

commenced with fuch

vio-

over-

difuwn.

began

lence, that the flout heart of Alia ul dicn

His troops began

vid;ory.

back on

to fall

to

quake for the

fides.

all

In the

mean

time Mallfeck Nuferit having learned by his fcouts, the fituation of

affairs,

of

battle,

The

the citadel without orders," and galloping up to the field

left

with

his

thoufand horfe, changed the fortune of the day.

enemy from

duft having prevented the

Nuferit,

fome perfon cried

out, that the

they had been told, was arrived.

difcovering the force of

This fpread inftantly a panic through

the Hindoo ranks, and they at once turned their face to

ul dien

whom

Turkifh army, of

did not think proper to purfue

them

far,

Alia

flight.

but immediately

returned into the city, and inverted the citadel.

Cnieltv of

theTuiks.

fcene of cruelty and horror

raged at

t4ie

now commenced.

perfidy of the Hindoos, for their breach of the

began to fpread

fire

and fword through the

cipline could reftrain

them.

city

The

Raja, in the

haften the fuccours

mean

down

time, fent exprefs

Candez

nation, to be

of the

exprefs, to

Kilbirga,

but was informed, that there re-

provifions in the place, for that a great

which they had reckoned upon

dif-

who had

in fight

upon

en-

treaty,

from which no

which he expedtcd from the Raja of

Tillingana, Malava, and

mained no

Several of the Raja's kindred,

been taken prifoners, were in chains, thrown

enemy.

The Turks,

rice,

number of

bags, in

had been found, upon exami-

fait.

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The Raja was

perpkxed

ereatlv

247
this (hould ^.D. 1293,

he commanded that

Higer. 693.
Raja m

be concealed from the troops, and began a fecond time

with Alia ul dien.

treaty

**

propofe a The

to

It

muft be known

well-wifher,

to you, faid the Raja,

Ramdeo, had no hand

O my lord,

that yourp^p^^^^

in the late quarrel.

my

If

fon,

and the pride of youth, exalted the fpear of

in the v/ay of folly,

valour and hoftility, let not your refentment be kindled againft:

me for

his raflinefs."

Ramdeo

told the melTenger privately,

in the place,

that there

and that if the enemy fhould

muft be informed of their

the ruin of the whole.

perfift

which would

diftrefs,

was noprovifions
a

few days, they

inevitably

we

For, faid the Raja, fuppofing

able to hold out the place againft the affaults of the

and there

now

bring on
fliould be

enemy, yet famine

cannot be withftood

Ufe then every

and take any means, to perfuade the army of

Iflam

-f-,

art,

is

fcarce fix days provifion left.

to evacuate the country.

But Malleck Alia

from the behaviour of Ramdeo,

ul dien,

per- A

ceived the true caufe of his propofals, and therefore ftarted every day

Ibme new
utmoft

difficulty to retard

the treaty,

But

it

diftrefs.

at

length

till

the garrifon was in the

was concluded, according

author, upon the following almofl incredible terms

dien fliould receive, upon confideration

fix

to

that Alia

our
ul

of evacuating the country,

hundred maunds, of pure gold, according to the weights of the

Decan

t, feven

maunds of pearl, two maunds of diamonds,

emeralds, and fapphires, one thoufand maunds of

fand pieces of
furpafs

filk,

all belief.

and a long

lift

filver,

of other precious commodities that

This ranfom was not only required, but

ceflion of Elichpoor,

and

its

rubies,

four thou-

alfo

the

dependancies, where Alia might leave

f That is the Mahotnmedans.

% The mauadof the Decan is 25'b. avoirdupoife-,
a fmall

pence cori

^ ^"^

"

'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

24$
A. D.

which (hould remain

a luvjll garrifon to colled: the revenues,

there

Higir. 694.

unmolefted.

Alia retreats
uith^an immcnifc trca-

Mallcck Alia
.

ul dien,

leafed all his prifoners,

fettled affairs to his fatisfadion,

....
and marched m triumph cut of the

after his taking the city.

He conduced his retreat

prizing addrefs, that he opened his

way through

through Malava, Conduana,

kingdoms;

ful

city

rc-

with

and proceeded on his way homeward, on the twenty-fifth

his plunder,

day

having

with

fucli fur-

extenfive and

power-

Candez, and others,

though he was furrounded by numerous armies, who admiring

order and refolution,

made but

faint

ferved only to adorn his triumph.

in the long

we

is

fcarcely

We

which
that

any thing to be com-

regard the refolution in forming

the plan, the boldnefs of the execution of

attended the attempt.

irrefolute attacks,

We may here juftly remark,

volumes of hiftory, there

pared to this exploit, whether

and

his

it,

or the fortune

cannot help to lament, that a

whict

man form-

ed for fuch great exploits, fhould not be aduated by better motives

than rapine, violence, and the

TheSultan

When AHa ul

of^reafjifaWe

Kurrah

defi^ns.

rpj^^

of gain.

dien marched to Deogire,

b.ting ftopt,

all

communication with

no news was heard of him for fome months^

whom he left his

perfon,

thirft

deputy, to

make

the King eafy, wrote,

that he had accounts of his being bufy in the conqueft of Chinderi,

and dmiifed him every day with

for the fpace of

own

fix

falfe intelligence.

months, had received no

hand, he began to fufped treafon

But

letters

as the

King,

from under

his

and in the year 695, under a

pretence of hunting, ordered out his retinue, and proceeded towards
Gualier, where he encamped, and
verfe to this purpofe, over the

the

celeftial

and mortar

built

door."

pavement, what fame can

?

No

a Choultry, infcribing a

who

prefs

with

my

foot

acquire by a heap of ftones

have joined thefe broken flones together, that,

perhaps,

THE HISTORY OP HINDOSTAN.

^249
a. d. izq;.
Hi>er. 695.

perhaps, under their fhade, the weary traveller, or broken-hearted,

*

may

find repofe."

In the

mean time

Firofe

Shaw

received private intelligence, that

Alia ul dien had conquered Deogire, and had acquired there

wealth, as had never been pofleffed by an

that he was

now upon

his

Ajla ui-die^

^uch

Emperor of Delhi, and

The King was

march towards Kurrah.

greatly pleafed with this intelh'gence, and reckoned upon the Ipoil,
as if already in his

own

But men of more wifdom thought

treafury.

otherwife, and jiiftly concluded, that

fers,

as Alia ul

it

was not

to

dien, without the King's authority,

fuch a daring expedition.

They however

his council, and told

had undertaken

waited to fee the event,

The King

without informing the King of their fufpicions.

one day affembled

the royal cof-

fill

them, that Alia

having

ul dien

was

novv on his march to Kurrah with immenfe plunder, requcfted their The
advice whether

command

it

was moft prudent to remain where he was, ^^d

Alia to his prefence, to

march towards him, or

Sultati

'"^

council con-

to return

to Delhi.

Malleck

Ahmed

Chip,

who was renowned for his wifdom and

the King, in a rational and plaufiblc

tration,. exprelTed his fufpicions to

He

manner.
his

pene,

advifed the Sultar^, at the fame time, to advance with

army towards Chinderi, and

to

encamp

in the

way between

Alia

^j^^^ ^^^^^

This, faid he, will difcover Alla's intentions, "

ul dien and Kurrah.

nions.

before he has time to augment his army.

ther,

that,

Ahmed Chip

upon the appearance of the imperial army,

it

added fur-

was highly

probable, that the troops of Alia ul dien, being laden with

and within
it

their

by an adlion

among

own

fpoil,

country, would not chufe to hazard the lofs of

but would rather endeavour to fecure their wealth

the mountains.

That, by

this

means, Alia

ul dien

would be

deferted by the greateft part of his fmall army,

which would oblige

him

all

to think of nothing but peace,

Vol.

I.

and to lay

Kk

his wealth at the

foot

P'-

'

50

.D. 1295. foot

iger.

''''

Mi

\{j

/>j(

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

That the King

of the throne.

695.

in that cafe

might take

all

the

and elephants, permitting hirn to retain the remain-

gold, jewels,

him

der for hlmfelf, and either leave

government, or carry him

his

to Delhi, according to the royal pleafure."

Malleck Fuchier
prudence of

dien Kudgi, though he was fenfible of the

ul

perceived he did not at

effect

The news

"

turning his eyes upon the Emperor, he

this advice, yet

approve of

all

it

and therefore began to this

of Alia ul dien's return, the amount of his

plunder, and the truth of his conqueft, has not yet been confirmed but

by flying reports, which we

are often vague and extrava-

Suppofing even that this account

gant.

when he

imagine, that

my,

know

all

(hall

is

true,

on him

as the rainy feafon

to retreat

Let us not therefore

sWait

at

is

among

hand,

cafi:

it

his treafonable views,

Jf'crufli his

ambition,"

Malleck

Ahmed

the mountains

one

If then
affault

it

the

him

to

that

reach the river, but

(hall appear, that

have efcaped

will

us,

The

time

he

paffes,

he not proceed by

Lucknouti, where his treafure will foon

to raife fuch an

O fliame

From whence,

Chip, having heard this perfidious advice, was

as Alia ul dien fiiall

way of Cud

him,

of the imperial army will

kindled into generous refentment, and replied

As foon

we

off our fhoes, before

^^I'thei^illies

defigns agairrft

will be impofiible to diflodge him.

Alia (hall arrive at Kurrah.

till

not natural to

hear of the approach of the imperial ar-

that the fear of falfe accufation, or evil

will prevail

is it

men

army

as neither

(hoald

know

you nor

enable

will be able tooppofe

better, yet not

have the honefty to

give falutary advice."

The

Sultan was difpleafcd with thofe words, and fpoke thus to the

Omrahs who

ftood near him.

to Alia ul dien.

He

" Malleck Chip does always

endeavours to

raife

my

ill

offices

fufpicion and refent-

ment

TME HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

ment

againfl

him

with the King

ul dien,

whom

lieve treafon in

but fuch private rancour

am

fo well aflured

have nurfed

my

in

my

20
1Z9;.

have no weight

(hall

of the loyalty of Malleck Alia

bofbm, that

fhould fooner be-

fon than in him."

r

Malleck Ahmed, upon

this,

fliut

the door of argument, and, rifing

with fome emotion, walked out, flriking one hand upon the other,
and repeating a verfe
is

When

*'

to this purpofe.

the fun of profperity

The King beftow-

no advice can enlighten the mind."

eclipfed,

ing great commendations on Kudgi, marched back with his army to

Delhi.

Not many

dien was brought to him, fetting forth, that

flave,

addrefs of Alia ul

days afier the Sultan's arrival, the

and that

his

all

own wealth was

he was the King's

confecrated to

him

Alia ul dien'S

JJjf^age^o

that be-^^^^'"^'

ing wearied by a tedious march, he begged fome repofe at Kurrah.

That he intended
,

to kifs the footftool

ing he had fome enemies

at court,

of the throne, but

who might have,

that,

know-

in his abfence, de-

famed him, and deprived him of hismajefty's favour, he, and the chiefs

who

accompanied him in the expedition,

in

which he was

fenfible

he had exceeded his orders, were apprehenfive that fome punilTiment

naightbe inflided upon them.
a letter

therefore requeued to have

him and his followers of perfed fafety, unprotection."

The King having received this addrefs,

of grace,

der the royal

That he

to affure

exprelTed great joy, and entirely laid afide

dien.

He

ordered a letter

full

all

fufpicions of Alia ul

of kindnefs, and the moft folemn af-

furances of protedion, to be wrote to him, and difpatched

by the

^^-^^^
^^'j''^^^

hands of two meffengers of diftindlon.

In the

mean time

He was now joined

who

inlilled

Alia ul dien was preparing to retreat to Bengal,

by

all

the Zemindars of the neighbouring diftridls,

themfelves under

his fortunate banners.

The

meffengers

prepares

THE HISTORY OF

152
A. D.

1^295.

HINDOSTA^fi.

gers perceived plainly his intentions, but they were detainee^, and'

watched

who was

Malleck Almafs>

mean time

the

Firofe, in
vtl

that they could fend no advices

fo ftridtly,

That

dien,

alfo fon

law

in

nephew

arid

King.

to Sultan

received advices, from his brother Alia

was now become public

it

to the

at

Kurrah, that the King

interkled certainly to take his life, for proceeding to Deogire contrary to

That he repented the

his orders.

which

jefty's difpleafure,

he was

heart, that

melancholy

life

had taken

his

him was worfe than

death, fo

much

afraid excefs

He

to

Ma-

occafion, and

to

of forrow would put an end to his

therefore requefted, that his brother fliould in-

form him, before the King put

his defign in execution, that

he might

either take poifon, or look out for a place of fecurity."

Hisinfidious
fetters

Letters to the fame purpofe were, day after day, wrote to his bro-

to the

court.

ther,

Almafs Beg,

who bemg

in the plot,

(hewed them to the King, feemingly

lay violent

hands upon himfelf, or

delufive arts to inveigle the King,

treafure than his

The

Sultnn

{[^q

nephew's

life,

fly

was conltantly

at court,

and

diftrated, le^l his brother fhould

his country.

who no

to Kurrah.

lefs

The

He

ufed a thoufand

feared the lofs of the

old

man,

atlaft,

took

golden bait, and embarked with a thoufand horfe, and a fmall

inveigled to

proceed to
Kurrah^

retinuc,

on the Ganges, ordering Malleck

Ahmed Chip

to follow,

with the army by land.

Alia ul dien, hearing of the Sultan's departure from Delhi, crofled^

the; Ganges

with

his

army, and encamped near Mannickpoor, upon

When, upon

the oppofite bank.

the feventeenth of

Sultan's umbrella appeared in fight. Alia ul dien

on pretence of doing him honour, and

who had come

into

camp.

Ramzaan, the

drew out

fent his brother

his army,

Almafs Beg,

on before to concert meafures to introduce the

This

artful traitor reprefented to the Sultan,

King

that if

fhould take the thoufand horfe with him, Alia ul dien might

alarmed

for that

fome bad people had confirmed him

he
be

fo flrongly

in

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

in his fears, that all
-

he could fay to him was not

253

fufficient entirely
-

^- '29;.
Higer, 695.

to expell his fufpicions.

The
from

poor old King fufpedting nothing of this horrid treachery,

man whom he had

gave into this propofal.

own

boat,

When

He

cheriflied

from

his infancy in his

hofom,

ordered a few of his feledt friends into his

and commanded the

fleet to

remain fome diftance behind.

came near the camp, Almafs Beg again opened the

they

mouth of delufion, and told the King, that his brother feeing fo
many men in compleat armour, might poffibly be ftartled ; that
therefore as he had taken fuch ridiculous notions into his head,

no body could remove,

it

were better to avoid the

The weak King might have

to favour them.

leaft

which

appearances

feen that this

now

was

overdoing the matter, but perhaps he thought

it

reveal his fufpicions, being near the Ikirts of the

camp, and that an

open confidence might be

his attendants to

his beft fecurity.

He

too late to

therefore ordered

unbuckle their armour, and lay their weapons

Malleck Charram, Vakiel of the Empire, oppofed

this ftep

afide,

with great

vehemence, for he plainly faw into the bottom of their perfidy.

the traitor had fuch a

foft

and plaufible tongue, that

at laft

all

But

he yielded,

though with great reludlance.

They had now

reached the landing place, and Alia ul dien ap-

peared upon the bank with his attendants,

He

whom

he ordered

to halt.

himfelf advancing alone met the Sultan juft after he had landed

upon the beach, and

fell

down

proftrate at his feet.

The

old 'man

manner tapped him on the cheek, and raifing him

embraced him, faying, " I v/ho have brought you up from your
in a familiar

fancy,

in-

and cheriflied you with a fatherly affedion, holding you

dearer in

my

fight, if poffible,

than

my own

offspring,

and

have not yet wafhed the odors of your infant fmiles from
ments,

up,

how
6

could you imagine

1 fliould entertain a

thought

who

my

gar-

to

your
pre

Pcrfuaded to
^'^j^f^^.

^^^^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2 54

Then

P''ej"^ice."
H$T.*69,-."

back into the royal

Barbaroufly

fignal to his afTaiTins

alTimnated.

him by the hand he was leading him

barge, when the hard-hearted villain made a

taking

who -ftood

Mamood

behind.

ben Salim ruOiin?

o

immediately forward, wounded the King with his fvvord

The

der.

crying,

*'

Monarch run forward

unfortunate

Ah

Alia ul

villain

he had reached the

what

dien,

boat, another

of the

in the fhoul-

to gain

the barge,

doi\ thou ?" but before

affaffins

whofe name was

Hoor, coming up feized the old man and throwing

him on the ground, barbaroufly cut off his head, juft as the fun
Achtiar

funk

ul dien

in the weft as if to avoid the horrid fight *.

They

All his attendants were then murdered.

head of
the
Reflexions

upon

upon the point of

their lord

camp and

city,

as a

a fpcar,

fixed the venerable

and carried

through

it

bloody fpetlacle to the gazing rabble.

the rabble wej-e fhocked

at the fight,

hold the reward of him

who

and were heard to cry

But
"

Be-:

his

death.

world

who

fixeth his

mind upon

this perfidious

nouriflieth his relations with the blood of his liver, in

the arms of kindnefs, and in their gratitude confideth his ftrensth."

o
.nijii

Jul:?

Alia ul dien immediately exalted the white umbrella over his

head

but the vengeance of heaven foon after

were concerned

when Alia
Mudgzu, who
that

to this day;

he

of the

in the afl^afiination

fell

late

They

King.

relate,

named Shech Karrick

Kurrah, and whofe tomb is held facred

is

buried at

rofe

from
:

his pillow
*'

He

and repeated an extempore verfe

cometh, but his head

the boat, and his body fhall be caft into the Ganges
a

all

ul dien vifited a reverend fage

to the following purpofe

was explained

heavy on

own
who

few hours

after

fhall fall in

which they

fay

by the death of the unfortunate

King, whofe head was thrown into the boat upon that occafion.
Themiferable
end of the
tffdSias.

Mamood,

the fon of Salem, one of the

died of a horrid leproly

which

afi'affins,

difiblved the

flefli

about a year after

piece by piece

from

* He reigned feven years and fome months.

his

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

his bones.

Achtiar Hoor, the other

became mad, crying out

Thus

was cutting off his head.

in

before

imagination,

planned

that

inceffantly,

Suhan

better, for

he

the wretch fuffered a thoufand deaths

Almafs Beg and others

he expired.

this horrid tragedy, in

A. D. 1295.
Higer. 69 j.
Jellal ul dien Firofe

no

fared

aflaffin,

255

hopes of great advancement,

who

fell

into

fuch a fcene of misfortunes, that in the fpace of four years there was

no remembrance of them but

upon the face of

their, villainies

the:

earth.

SECTION
The Reign

of

Alla ul

INTELLIGENCE
Ahmed

dien, called Secunder Sani

advancing with the army, he retreated

Malleke Jehan, the wife of

to Delhi.

ul dien, and

Jellal

Omrahs,

regent, imprudently and without confulting the

the diadem

Ruckun

fon, being, then at

to Delhi,

-f,

of the murder of the King having reached

who was

Chip,

xni.

ul dien,
'

her youngeft
fon
o

Moultan.

Arkilli

Queen

raifed' to
Ruckun

'his

Chan, the elder

She accompanied him from Kilogurry

and placed him on the throne

in the

green palace, though

ul

'^f^ to
mother
throne,.

as

yet but a boy, and altogether unacquainted with the affairs of ftate.

She

alfo divided the provinces

who was

among

her

own

party.

the true heir to the Empire, and pofTefTed

of a King, was greatly afflided

for the prefent, to

Malleck Alla

remain

ul dien,

at this

great

to the capital,

army

his friends.

in his

the qualities

at Moultan..

upon receiving

intelligence

though it was then the rainy

government, and conferred

of thofe tranfadlions
and prepared

feafon.

titles

Almafs Beg was honoured with the

t Alexander the fecond.

all

news, but thought proper^

at Delhi, laid afide his intended expedition to Bengal,

march

Arkilli Chan,.

"^>-.i

ui

dien

tOmSZto

He raifed a^^'^''

and rewards upon

of Elich Chan,

title

Alia

Malleck

to

THE

156
A. D. 129J.
IJigtr,

695.

PIISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Malleck Nuferit of Jallifiri with that of Nufirit Chan,, Malleck HIzI.

bcr

111

name of ZifFer Chan, and

dien was diftinguiflied with the

received the

Alla's wife's brother,

upon

received jagiers

of Adtah Chan.

title

advancement to thofe honours.

their

by the advice of Nuferit Chan, diftributed prefents

tan,

Sinjer,

They all
The Sul-^
among the

army, and wherever he encamped he amufed himfelf with throwrr

ing gold from a lling

among

This

the people.

liberality, in a fliott

time, brought a world of foldiers under his banners.

^ ad
3ril 33f 7Qfi.bI{i03 prlw
M 'jflj
Mallecke Tehan was thrown into ereat perplexity, by the advices
^

TheSultanain
great

per-

plexity.

She difpatched an exprefs to

received concerning Alia.

daily

Moultan, for her fon Arkilli Chan

now

anfwer, that

the time was

ing would be of no real fervice

fource, but

its

but that prince returned for

he could

for that before

loft,

enemy ;

the imperial troops would join the

diverted at

'

flie

arrive,

that therefore his com-,

That the ftream might have beea^

when

became a

it

river,

no dams

coujdj,

oppofeit.

Alia fits down

before Delhi, _

Sultan Alia

lil

dien

made no

Jumna,

and

Ruckun

ul dien

fluttering like

and marching out of the

forces,

..

the
a

folitary

city,

for

was that night deferted by

crofled the
'

y.

north-eafl:

gatp, 'of^

fowl, colledled

paraded

it

Delhi,
all

hie

before the enemy,

he retreated into th6

battle,

a great

who went over with their forces to Alia

faw now no fafety but in flight. Taking

wtiich

He

10

But when he faw them preparing

city.

He

delay on his march.

i-i
encamped without

number of Omrahs,

Ruckun

ul dien.

ul

therefore his mother,

fub-

dien

Ha-

mats.

ram and

treafure

with him, he

by Malleck Rijib, Cuttub

Jellal

fet

out for Moultan, accompanied

ul dien Olavi,

Ahmed Chip

and Amir

Malleka.

The

citizens,

after

the departure of the

yotmg

ed forth to pay their refpeds to Alia ul dien.

Sultan, croud-

He

immediately
Ordered

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

money

ordered the current

to be ftruek' in

his

257

name, and

'297Hi^sr. 695.

makin<;- a;^'

triumphant entry into Delhi,

in tiie latter

cended the throne, and kept his court

made grand

hibited fhows, and

of riot and debauchery

they foon

loft

which

feftivals,

their

tlie

year 695, af-

ex-

unthinking rabble, that

former King, and the horrid

ought

to

have been

hooted with deteftation, became the objed: of admiration

who

He

red palace.

encouraging every fpecies

He who

of the reigning Emperor.

villainy

the

Co pleafed the

memory of

all

at

end of

to thofc

could not fee the darknefs of his deeds, through the fplendor

of his magnificence.

Whilft he gained, by thefe means, popularity among the vulgar,

he fecured the great with

The Vizarit was

and bought the covetous with gold.

titles,

beftowed upon Chaja Chetier, a

his virtue in thofe degenerate times.

Cazai Mumaleck
to the ofHce of

*,

Omdat

and

Divan Incha

Sidder Jehan Arif was

Muluck Eiz
being a man of

ul

-f-,

genius, and a favourite of the King.

man renowned

Naferit

ul dien

was

for Promotlotu.

made
raifed

great learning and

Chan was appointed

Gutwal J of Delhi, Malleck Fuchir ul dien Kudgi was raifed to the

dignity of Amir Daad , and ZifFer Chan to that of Ariz Mumaleck

II,

with many others

to

high

offices,

which

are too tedious to

mention.

Alia ul dien having advanced fix months pay to his whole army,

began to

concert means

to extirpate the race

*

of Firofe Shaw

He

difpatched Elich

Chan and

Chan with

Ziffer

towards Moultan, who, upon their

a fiege of
* An

two months, the

office

fomewhat

citizens

After

and troops betrayed the caufe of

Lord high Chancellor.
| Chief magiflrate of the city.

The fame with our Lord Chief Juflice of the

y

thoufand horfe

arrival, inverted that city.

fimllar to that of our

t Principal Secretary of ftate.

forty

pleas.

Intelligencer of the empire.

VoL^'I.

JL

Arkilii

^ii^ f^^^ s aa
^"^^^ ^^^'"'^
the Ions of hi
pfcJeceffor.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

258
'

6^^^

Hi^
They

are

\ \

Arkilli

nJtv.'

,b-JJi::^iJ!.

Chan, nnd gave up the place

enemy.

to the

The two

unfor-

tunate brothers being driven to great didrefs, furrendered themfelves

taken,

at Jf^i^J^

The

promife of perfonal

iS^oRh J^?r

objeifl

of the expedition being thus compleated, Elich

wrote the Sultan an account of his

public pulpits after divine
tc).

lj>,y

army and

his

Elich

prifoners.

rejoicings

He
fent

Chan

in all tht;

were ordered

Chan proceeded

Delhi.

ftate prifoners to

^y^^

which was read

and great

Chan Cutwal, who had been

Nuferit

blinded,

vicftorv,

vvorfliip,

be made upon the occafion.

with

fafety.

in

triumph

was met on

his

by the Sultan

to

way
put

This cruel order was executed upon

the two princes, upon Alighu Chan the grandfon of the great Chin-

Ahmed Chip, and others of lefs note, and all

The two unfortunate princes were then
confifcated.

gez, upon Malleck

their effedls

confined in the fort of Haffi, where, foon after, they were both
and

afTafll-

nated.

new

alTaffinated

and Mallecke Jehan, with

Sultan's feraglio

all

the ladies of the former

and his other children confined

In the fecond year of this r^ign

at Delhi.

Chaja Chitier, not

falling en-

vizier,

tirely in

with the Sultan's policy, was difmilTed from the

which was conferred upon Nuferit Chan.

manded

all

the fums

which the

Sultan,

ftowed upon the nobility and people^

This minifter rede-

upon

.^yyh^ich

vizarit,

his acceffion,

had be-

qc^afioned great difguil

and difturbance.

Tnvafion of
the Moguls.

During

thefe tranfadtions, advices

King of Maver

ul nere,

Moguls, with a dcfign

to

came

to Delhi, that

had fent an army of one hundred thoufand

conquer Moultan, Punjab and Sind

they were advancing with, great expedition, carrying

vf'iih.

fire

and fword.

The

and Ziffer Chan, witht

Dova Chan

Sultan

a ,great

armies having met in the

all

before

That

them

immediately ordered Elich Chan

force to expell themi,,,mThe

diflridis

two

of Lahore, a bloody conflidt enfued,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

in

frfed,
-

which the Moguls were

-jdT-

thoufand men, and

many of

the lofs of twelve A D-

defeated, with

their principal officers, befides a

'

ber of priloners of

all

who were put

poor women and

ranks,

without fparing the

after,

taken in the

1296.

Higer. 696^^

'

250

to the

>

num-

Are

om-

thrown.

fword fome days

children

who

had been

Mogul camp.

Thefe two

viftories raifed the

fame of the Emperor's arms

to a Reputation of
*^

high pitch of reputation, eftablifhed his

The

overawed his foreign enemies.

authority at

home,

and

armf."

Sultan about this time, by the

advice of his brother Elich Chan, feized upon

many Omrahs, who,

in the late revolution, taking advantage of the diftreffes of Arkilli

Chan, Ruckun ul.dien and the Queen, had extorted great fums of

money
and

He

for their fer vices.

their eftates to

ordered the extortioners to be blinded,

be confifcated, which brought great wealtii into

the treafury.

In the beginning of the year 697, Elich

were

fent

Chan and Nuferit ^han

country with death and rapine, took the capital city

fell

he foon

after returned

one of the diftrids of Gnzerat,

minions.

who

fled

But

By

which bdng

a rich

enemy when he

country and

baggage and treafure

fled.

full

Cam-

of merchants, yielded a pro-

digious treafure to thofe fons of cruelty and rapine.

Sufficiently glutted their avarice

the

bordering upon Ramdeo's do-

Nuferit Chan, with a part of the army, proceeded then to

baat,

and quenched their

When

they had

thirft for

blood,

they appointed Subas to the provinces, and leaving part of the army
for their defence, returned

rat,

and took poffeffion of Bucke-

his wives, children, elephants,

into the hands of the

to .e-

duce Guze-

and took

under Ramdeo, Raja of Deogire, in the Decan.

aid of that prince

lana,

Narwalla, which was deferted by Raja Kirren,

^^^^^

accordingly army

laid walte that

prote(ftion

They

with a great ^tmy to reduce Gu:5erat.

with their plunder towards Delhi.

g^^i Cgn,.,.

^^^^^'''^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

26o
'^^'^

generals having on the march,

Hig^r.'697^.'

^^^^^

^^^^^ ^"^^"^

^'^^

ihearm"^

extorted from them,

^^^^

troops,

mutiny

made

befidcs

arofe

demand of

what they had already

Mahummud

the camp.

in

Shaw, general of the mercenary Moguls, with many other

at the

head of their fcveral

divifions,

him and

Chan

of a footman, to the tent of Naferit Chan.

The

killed the

in,

Sultan's

fuppofing

alleep,

quelled.

flain

Elich

Naferit

him

march.

nephew,

chiefs,

attacked Malleck Eiz ul dien,

the brother of Nafcrit Chan, and having

his people, continued their

the

whom

he had

number of

fled in the difguife

mutineers rufliin*

left

upon the coueli

Chan.

to be Elich

Chan immediately ordered the drums of war

and the trumpets to be founded.

All

who had

to

be beat

not been concerned

mutiny imagined that the enemy was coming upon themi and
The mutineers divided and difperled
quickly formed the line.
in the

Miemfelves

all

over the camp, and efcaping in the confufion, fled by-

different routs,

to

clofely purfued the

place

of rendezvous.

They were however

next day, and forced to retreat with fome

lofs,

where they took protecmarch to Delhi.

to the diftrid:s of the Raja of Rintimpore,

tion.

The

Siikau's

Elich

Chan continued then

his

Sultan Alia ul dien upon feeing Cumlade, the captive wife of the

abomiijable
Juft.

'

Raja of Guzerat, who, for her beauty,

wit and accomplilliments,

Wi
/as the flower of Hindoftan, took her in marriage.
not

fatisfy his

abominable

lufts.

Chaja Cafur, a

flave

But

this did

who had been

taken on that expedition, engaged his unnatural paffion, which he

publickly indulged to the difgrace and debafement of

His cruelty.

Naferit.

Chan, by the Sultan's order, bafely maflacred

milies of thofe

mutiny.

who

human

Moguls or

He pitied not

clung to their

others,

who had

all

nature.

the fa-

been concerned in the

late

the weeping mothers, nor the fmiling infants

breafls.

This was a new

fpecies of tyranny at

Delhi,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN

murmuring:,
and occafioned fome private
i
o

Delhi,

261

but thofe

flaves

^- 1298.
Higer. 698.

poflelTednot the virtue or bravery to (hake off the tyrant.

About

this time,

down with

againft

Jildoo, and absut

and his brother, came

two thoufand Moguls, were taken

But

as a brave

commander

ked the jealoufy of the King.

Chan had

Ziffer

Moguls.

it.

and

prifoners,

diftinguifhed himfelf

in this expe:*ition,

He

invafion of

Ziffer

him, and having inverted the place, he took

feat in chains to Delhi.

much

chief,

a confiderable force, and took the fort of Seoftan.

Ghan marched

fo

Mogul

Jildoo, a

that his

fame awa-

him

therefore defigned to deprive

of his government, but was prevented /rom this meafure, by a great

invafion of Moguls, under- Cuttuligh Chaja,' the fon of

The army

King, of Maverulnere.

hundred thoufand

conqueft of Hindoftan-.

of the invaders confifted of two

and they promifed

horfe,

Dova Chan

to themfelves

the entire

Cuttuligh, accordingly, took poffeflion of all

the countries beyond the Sind in his march, and protected them from
violence.

all

He

then croffed the

and proceeded to Delhi'

river,

without. oppofition, Ziffer

Chan

retreating with his

The whole country, in

city.
The crowd became

terror

of the Moguls, crowded into the They

and

paffable,

all

army before him.

that the Oreets were rendered

fo great,

and communication was interrupted.

bufinefs

however was but the beginning of

their misfortunes.

a few days, the confumption being

great,

befiege

im-

This

In the fpace of

and no fupplies procured,

a dreadful famine began to rage, and diftradion to ftare in every coun-^

tenaqce.

The

Sultan,

upon

this preffing occafion,

Cmrahs, and, having regulated

tie,

notwithftanding ihey

He left

all

called a

council of his The

the care of the city to Alia ul Malleck, marched out at the

Budaoon

gate,

Su'tan

of adion, prepared for bat- IToS'theL.

endeavoured to dii^wade him from it.
his plan

with three hundred thoufand horfe, and two thoufand

feven

>

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

262
A. D. 1298.

H ger.

698.

He drew

feven hundred elephant?, bcfides foot without number.

.

in order of battle

my

on the

were already formed

the fpears of Iflam

-f-

plains,

beyond the fuburbs

to receive

were exalted

From

him.

up

where the ene-

the time that

firft:

Hindoftan, two fuch mighty

in

armies had not joined in fight.

Sultan Alia ul dien gave the

battle.

J.,

where

greateft general of that age,

Chan, the
-n

command of his

his brother

EHch Chan, and

to

all

The

jaab, Moultan, and Sind, were ported.

wing

right

to ZifFer

the troops of

left

Pun-

was intruded

Akit Chan his brother

to

The

in law.

Sultan ported himfelf in the center, with twelve thoufand independant

who were moftly gentlemen of ruined familu s, and folWith the choice of his elephants, he formed a
of fortune.

volunteers,
diers

tremendous

line in his front,

and he fupported his rear with another

chofen body of cavalry, under Naferit Chan.

ZifFer

Chan began

the adion with great impetuofity on the right, and breaking with his
The Moguls
overthrown,

elephants, the enemy's line,

commenced

bore them like a torrent before him.

preffed

upon

their flank,

and

a dreadful flaughter,

Inclining then to the

and put their whole army to

left,

flight,

he

before

the aftion was well begun in the center.

The Sultan,

feeing the viflory compleat, ordered Elich Chan,

commanded on
perfidious
ZJfFer

Chan

bird upoT
the enemy,

man,

the

left,

jealous

to advance

and purfue the enemy.

of the glory of ZifFer Chan, ftopt

who

But the
at

a fmall

Chan continued the flaughter, for upwards of

One of the Mogul chiefs, who commanded the left,

dirtancc, while Ziffer

thirty miles.

^g^j^g 2ifFer

Chan was not

fupported,

rallied

with ten thouiand

horfe, and fending advice to Cuttuligh Chaja, he alfo returned with

ten thoufand more, and attacked ZifFer in the rear.

neral faw into his error, but

up

his troops,

was now too

late to retreat.

brave ge-

He drew

which were not half the enemy's number, divided

i The MahommedaDs.
...a..a^iv

it

The

ms)n\[L

waa

into

a io noi.^xniol

two

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

two'1(q;lia^(j^ns,

own

by his

he

fell to

the

a^^^^

At

valour.

the ground.

lafl:

co'nflidl,

his horfe's leg

He however

rofe

263

exhibiting wonders A.

1298.

being cut off by a fabre,

bow and

again, feized a

quiver, and being a dexterous archer, fent death on the wings of his

The mofl

arrows.

part of his

men

were, by this time, either killed

or fled; and Cuttiligh Chaja, admiring his bravery, called out to

and his valour fhould he rewarded with fuch honours

to fubrnit,

he deferved.

ZifFer

Chan

replied fternly,

my

than to die in difcharging

rows around.
to furround

him, and endeavour to take him

was

him

ftood by

at laft Cut in pieces,

The

alive

defeated
^

but Zitfer refufed

with a few trufly fervants

difpel

>

the fears of the Moguls. The Moguls

bravery o^ Zilfer

When thsir horfes

to afk

them, whether they faw the ghoft of Ziffer

it is faid.

expe-

all

Chan became famous among the Mo-

guls.

Alia ul dien,

is

to deal his ar-

continued their retreat, and evacuated Hindoftan with

diiion.

'^^"*^

to the laft.

This advantage however did not

They

know no greater honour

Then he began

duty."

as

Cuttiligh Chan, upon this, ordered a party of horfe

to fubmit, and

who

him

ftarted, or

were unruly, they ufed wantonly

v.

han

Sultan

efteemed the death of this great general, as a

fecond victory, and could n^t help exprefling his fatisfa-Uon upon the
occafioh
life

ah:i

thus difplayed his

which had been thrown away

joicings Were
cipal officers

made

at Delhi,

own

bafe ingratitude, for that brave

in his

unwo;thy

fervice.

to celebrate the victory

were rewarded with

titles

Great re-

and the prin-

and governments, according -irifirfD

Some who had behaved

one Omrah, v/ho was led upon an

to their behaviour and intereft at court.

^ere

difgraced, particularly

i^^ftK^

ill,

afsis'"^'"^*^^

alT'rdund the city.

In thb third year of the reign of Alia,

when

profperity
fHone
r

j:

his arms,

thefe

he began

to

form fome extraordinary

was the formation of

new fyftem of

pro'edts.

upon
r

One

Extraoraina<ci^-mes of

of "-y

"

religion,, that, like

Ma-

hommed,

THE HISTORY
A.l>.

honVmcd, he

i.-r?.

confiiltcd

mis-^it

upon

be held in 'vcnerRtion bv

Icheme EHch Chan,

Hiis

Chan, over a bottle

froni wliich

we may

Akit

Naicrit- Chan,, -and

fuppofe he. had no defign

propofcd to leave a viceroy in Hindolian, and^ like the gieat

Secundcr, to undertake the conqueft of the world.

of

He. often

poi^eritv.

His other defign was equally romantic.

to prohibit the ufc of wine.

He

OF^ HTODOSTKN.

he alfumcd the

this projedt,

title

In coniequtnce

of Aefcunder Sani %y which was

ilruck upon the currency of the empire,

Notwithftanding thefe

HisJgnorance
of letters.

common knowledge

that he even did not poflefs the

writing

was

yet he

of learning,

who

Alia ul dien was

lofty ideas,

knew

and feemed

to feed

Alia ul Muluck, the Cutwal

{q fat that

men

that

difdained to proftitute their judgment, avoided the

ing Haves, who, though they

fliies,

ilHterate,

of reading and

fo obftinate in his, ridiculous opinions,

There were not howpvec. want-

court,, or flood filent in his prefence.

to the

fo..

he was not able

||

every

better, extolled his

upon

word

his crude imaginations.

of the

city,

who v/as an

old man, and

month,

to attend the court above once a

jbeing one day fent for by the King, to give hi^, advice about the ex,

ji^pnfequences

live,

might be,

Mahommedan

of the

Allaul'Ma*
10^:116 Kil.cf

a great;

confer with

had fomeihing.tq

fay to

order the wine and the

.all

the
,.

J
-11

company

to

his principal

Muluck. Aipon

the

and to dedicate the few years he jhad to

faith,

upon the King,

number of

fatal

meafure again ft the dodtrine

to oppofe every

by the courfe of nature,

lution he waited
^

he determined, however

ccutioA^ojf his religious projedt,

martyrdom.

whom

Omrahs.

in private,

company away.

this

firm refo-

he found drinking wiqe with

^S^t occafion,

him

With

The Kin^
.the old'' man

beginning to
told

him, he

and would be glad he

fliould

The. King fmiled, and defired

to retire except four.

Alexander the Second,.

The fame with Qur Lord Mayor.

''^

.511
w.nj.j

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'

The

old Cutwal then

ground

at his feet,

depends

it

and

his

that the fpirit of

great and fmall, to

all

what hatred

ance muft enfue.

King

y98-

Religion

his prophets,

in

^-

Higer. 693.

nor Aoaind

his

We are taught by his word nsw'"rc%ion

Mahommed, the
therefore is known to

Since this

nations and degrees of people, fhould your in-

tentions againft their faith be once

ceive

*'

prophecy ended with

meffenger of God.

greateft:

and having killed the

infpired

fpirit

upon the opinions of mortals.

to believe,
laft

his face,

up and thus fpoke.

by

God,

the law of

is

rofe

upon

fell

known,

fliould rife againft you,

it

impoffible to con-

is

and what blood and difturb-

It is therefore advifeable, that

you fhould eraze with

the chifTel of reafon, thofe conceptions, from the furface of your

mind,

bleffcd

as the

his fucceffors, labour for ages to fubvert our faith, that they

might

eftablifli their

conteft,

own

The Sultan
faid

is

length the

till at

profelytes to that religion

have

all

Did not Chingez * the moft powerful of monarchs,

mortal power.

and

accomplifhment of your intention exceeds

What

fpirit

rivers

which they had laboured

fo

the

in

long to deftroy

having liftened with attention, replied,

juft,

fpilt

of truth prevailed, and they became

and founded on friendfhip and reafon.

lay afide all thoughts of this fchemc,

attention.

of blood were

which has

my

But what do you think of

fo

**

!"

What you

will for ever

my

long engaged

projedl of univerfal con-

queft ?"

Malleck Alia

ul

Muluck anfwered,
/-

**

Some Kings

in former aees,
Againft bis

formed the fame great refolution which your Majefty does

at prefent,

and your power, perfonal bravery, and wealth, gives you

equal hopes of fuccefs.

But the times are not

fo favourable,

government of Hindoftan feems not to ftand upon

to fupport

itfelf in

your abfence.

at

leaft JonquVIi.

and the

fo firm a bafis,

as

Perfidy and ingratitude daily ap-

Brothers become traitors to one another, and children againft

pear.

*
Vol..

Zingii Chatt,
I.

Mm

?'']^^

their

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

266
A

How much

D.

their parents confpire.

virtuous times of Aefcunder

Men

rnid bointTf

ffliv/

were then endued with honourable

Your Majefty, has no

then held in utter abomination.

like Ariftotalice -f

own

x:

this degenerate age unlike to the

and the cunning and treachery of the prefcnt times were

principles,

his

n
is

who

kept, by his

wifdom and

counfellors

policy, not only

under his mafter's proted:ion.

voluntary confent,

]f

your Majefly

much

can put equal confidence in your Omrahs, and can depend fo

upon the love of your people,

fcheme into execution
The Kinj

The King,

after

power

in armies,

with what

as

Aefcunder, you

if not, v/e

already poffefs

"

faid,

and truth.

in wealth,

then carry your

What you

But v^hat

and in kingdoms,
nor employ

may

cannot well reconcile

mufing awhile,

horheihould b.ars the face of fincerity

folvcrT^''

by

country in peace and fecurity, but brought other nations,

if

it

to reafon/'

availeth
I

this

all

content myfelf

in acquiring conqueft

it

me

have told

and

glory ?"

Alia ul

which
coiqu'er'the

Muluck

there were

might be expended

his treafure

to

two undertakings

The

good purpofe.

f^^cond,

invaded

Chitore,

the redudion of

and Malava

the weftern provinces

all

This, faid

confume the world

this

proje6l,

it

is

in

and

which had

ajSjj

tl}p,^.

be^^i^

in

a thing greater in itfelf, than if

the flames of war.

beftowing

he

fliould,

^^utj.even to fucceed ii^j

requilite that the Sultan flioald abftain

from

ex,-

eefsof wine, and from luxurious pleafures."

Ti>cS

j't.;n

cIwJ.^

Sultan Alia ul dicn, contrary to ihe old man's expeilations, took

is
all this

ir good
advice in

part,,

as

Hindoflan, and procure to the King immortal honour,

happinefs upon his people

Limghan, Cabul, Ghizni, Topr^

the Cutwal, would fccure the peace of

by the Moguls, fuch

and Chorraflan.

Chunderi,

Jallore,

in

firil

was, the conqueft of the fouthem kingdoms of Hindoflan, fuch

povli^of Rlntimpore,
iiiudoii;in.

That

replied,

and, praifing

him

for his fidelity, pre-

Ariilotls.

fented

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fented

him with

parifoned,

a royal chelat. ten thoufand rupees,

and two

freehold.

villages in

The

267

two

oth'cl-'OtWfah'&/' wiVoy

though they themfelves wanted the virtue or refolutlon

to fpeak their

minds, were extremely plcafed with the Cutwal, and feht hiih

a'lfo

^'^^'^

prelents to a great amount.

The

King,

in the year

'^99-

horfes ca~

699, according to the advice of MaUeck^jl^y ''^P^^"^'^

Chan, from Samana, Nuftrit Chan,

Alia ul Muluck, called Elich

^'"S

i^'ntini-

porc,

from Kurrah, and others from

them with
took the

a great army, againll: the Raja of Rintimpore.

fort

fent;

They

fop^^j.

of Jain, and afterwards inverted the capital.

Chan advancing
an engine.

and

their refpeftive Subadaries,

near the wall, was cruflied to death by a fcone from

And

the Raja at the fame time, fallying with forty thou-

fand men, drove Elich

Chan back

to Jain

with great

lofs.

tan flew into a violent rage, and immediately took the

ing.

for a day at a place called Jilput,

Having wandered

with his attendants

fun-rife,

all

far

from

his

camp,

night in the foreft.

he placed himfelf upon

Akit Chan obferving

power to cut

off the

had cut off his

this,

The Sul- ^j^^ g^j^^^

Upon his ^^^^

He

he remained

In the morning before

where he

a rifing ground,

that

fat

down

hunt

in his

was now

in his

reft to

recoile<5ted that it

thought,

"^'"^

field.

in the chace,

King, in the fame manner

predeceffor.

vl^.-rf

and went out a hunt-

with two or three attendants, and commanded the

view.

(icfeatei

t,cl bloorfiali

Elich Chan wrote to Delhi the particulars of this defeat.

march he halted

Nuferift

as

the

King himfelf

being nephew and

brother in law to the emperor, he might claim by that, and the iniiu-

ence he had by being Vakeel Muttaluck, the fame

title

which Alia

himfelf had to the empire j.

Akit Chan imparted his refolution to a few chofen horfemen,

accompanied him on

this party.

They immediately

ubbS

whom

he

8iH l6i iiv

confpiracy.

rode up to the

Allautdreo' was himfelf the nephew and foa Inlaw to Firofe Shaw,

murdered.

who A

Kinj

THE

HISTORYlcOE'

King, faluted him with a flight of arrowp^'lwoi of which entered his

A: T>.{^9(f.
Higtr. 6991

^^^^
drew

;yG)f

jj^g

inontma

ill'

'

all

expedition,

fafionj but

great

where

bow

upon the occafion

Cdraii

the

ni&n bnu

Haram
ftopped him

rofe

him

SuItan Alia ul dFen, in the

to death,,

mean

till

he (liewed him

he fhould not enter.

time, recovered" his fenfes, andi

wounds bound up, imagined

that xAkit Chan's treafon and:

fly to

who

his

ftill

He

told

attended hifp.

jjad

and

that,

He

obferved, at

Humid

ul

Sultan; againfl this

to

go

to

his-

for that the ufurper

upon feeing the

he doubted not but the whole army

.dfately return to their duty.

Malleck

;,he'

himfelf to his army

not yet time to eftablifh himfelf

peror's umbrella,

.^^

him, that he ought immediately

own camp, and there fhew

biditnp

Hq figni-

brother Elich Chan, attain, vvlth

dien, deputy porter of the prefence, _advir^d

refolution.

The

mafter.

but Malleck Dinar, the chief eunuch, with his

at the door, fwearing, that

about fixty fervants,

jro':

new

unknown,

from the throne, and proceeded

guard,

fied his intentions to

..i.

into great con-

treachery was^ a preconcerted confpiracy of the Omralis.

pro-

aloud, and the fingers ordered to

^y^' having his

armj-j

to any.

j.Q^g^j.jg ^j^g

is

his intentions, let

the cuftomary fervice wa^ read from the

Akit Chan then

the Sultan's head, or put

Sultan

^vi^ JDodfi

mounted the throne, and

their necks

Chutba was proclaimed

extol his praife.

n>iti u'jti

banio^

ailembled to pay their court, and prefent their nizirs or

prefcnts
;

from

yjd

loyal affedion and patriotafm are things

are fatisfied to

men

defift

this,

by one

told

boibnud

upon

that therefore to

The army was thrown

cTaimed the Sultan's death.

'

when he was

bdbnajie all

ns,

" ' upon to

Akit being thus prevailed

mankind

C Ivan,

head would be an unncceflary piece of cruelty.

camp with

'

the King's attendants, that he was quite dead

'"'''*

^^'j^i^^lj^^'^

Akit

ground.

and ran to cut off his head

his fword,

W31V

to

j^^^

^^^^

(cut oft his

The

HINDQSTAN.

vyouldL

Em-

imme-

the^f^^iT}egtim(2^j-^t.^^^^^

The

TB^ HrSTOFRB OFT JnN nes TAN.

arri

The

Saltan faw the propriety of this refolute advice

his horfe,

Hi'g

which

lay

with great difficuUy,

on the

field,

fpread

white umbrella,

the

When

he appeared

He

hundred men.

in

being

fight,

now guarded by

joined by feme foraging parties on the way, he was

five

ani^ iiim^i^t- A. D. 1299.

over his head> and with his fmall retinue,

proceeded towards the army.

about

5269

afcended an eminence,

view of

in full

|he .camp, where he was at once feen by the whole army.

crouded in thoufands towards him;

^^^^^^

ufurper'^e"(VS^>cf.
'

broke up, and in a few minutes he found himfdf

vi^s imnniediately

'

In this fituation he mounted his horfe, and difiraded with

alone.

fe^r, fied

.^r['

and the court of the

They^^j^^

tpwards BiiTOur,

Sultan Alla-ul dien

>

now marched down from

the eminence towards

-the royal pavillion, and mounting the throne, gave public audience;

Thcy^^.^

lending, at the fame time, a party of horfe after the ufurper.

^^j^^^

fbon came up with him and brought back his head.

The

Sultan ordered ^"'i

the ufurper's brothey Quttulich Chan, and the chief confgirators to

be put to death*n hluorfi

When

?fl .,rij3fo.ol

wM i/;<7?r

.hssd fm^lu?.

^rf?

Alia recovered of his wounds, he continued his march to.,,

Rintimpore, where he was joined by Elich Chan, and began to

fiege the place.

But the Hindoos

numbers of the imperial army

fo well

daily

The

Sultan

be-^'"'*^P^*-''

defended themfelves, that

fell.

however

continued his attacks with redoubled obfiinacy, while detachments

of his army ravaged the adjacent

But the

fiege being

territories

of Malava and Daar.

protraded for fome months without

much efFed,

Amir Omar and Mungu Chan, who were both nephews

to

the

Emperor, and held the governments of Budaoon and Oud, rebelled

and

'"ebeiiion

quafliedj'

raiied a great

Omrahs of

army.

ihofe provinces

The

Sultan wrote letters

whom

he thought

to the feveral

loyal, as alfo to

the

neighbouring Subas and Zemindars, and they levied forces, engaged,

defeated and took the tebels, and fent iherii both prifoners to the
royal

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

270
Hi

Tr* ^6c^g

to torture

An

them

9|',tiered

^piracies recorded in

hiftory, .was

mod

one! tlfcn

to others.

extraordinary con-

undertaken by Hadjee Mola, the

Cutwal Amir

fon of a Have of the old

example

one of the

tbis fe\'erity,

be put out,

their .eyes to

to death, as a barbarous

Notwithdandlng

c.'.trair.

ii'iracy.*^^'"

Tlie Sultaii

G^^mp.

^^J'''^^

Omrah Fuchir

ul

This ambitious youth, feeing the Sultan bufied

ul dien.

in the fiege of

Rin-

timpore, began to form the fcheme of a revolution in the empire.

was

moved

pei haps

citizens ngainfhAlla ul

fcheme by the murmuring of

this

to

Muluck's deputy, Tirmazi, vvho,

abfence in camp, opprcfl'ed the people, having

The

in his^h:mds.

was

did,

when

mob

in his mafter's

government

thing hov^^ever that Hadjee

firfl

in the heat of the day,

to collect

tlie

the;

entirely

Mola publickly

every body was gone to

refl",

of citizens, by a forged order from the King.

With thcfe he haflened to the houfe of Tirmazi, and fent in to tell

him that a melTenger had arrived with an order from the King.
Tirmazi, out of refped: to the Sultan's order, haflened to the door,

when the young impoftor fliovving him the paper in one hand, cut
him down with the other. He then read aloud the forged mandate
for that purpofe.

The mob HOW

fedition at

and difpatched

new

city,

encreafing, he fent parties to fecure the city gates,

perfon to Alia ul dien Eaz,

come and

to

fee the

King's order.

ever, having heard of the didurbance, paid

but (hut his

mob,
takin.'^

own

out

all

This magiflrate howto the melTage,

mean

time, with his

in the
all

tf^p ...flate

prifoners,

th^ arms, treafure and valuable effeds, which he di-

among

of

priioners,

who was

then, by force, placed Allavi, one

Fie

his followers.

defcended from Altumfh, upon the throne,

an'd'imperioufly comm'anded'^a^^

him

of, tlje

no regard

entered the red palace and releafed

vi<^ed
tiie

Hadjee Mola,

gates.

who was Cutwal

the principal

altegiance.

men

of the city to pay

^^^^^^

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

271
^- 1299Hi^er. 699.

thfe Sul tan havin? advice of thefe ftran2:e tranfad:ioTis, was firnck
.

motionlefs with aftonifhment, but ftirred not a flep from the fiege.

He

however wrote

who

Malleck Himid

to

raifing a party in the city,

a great multitude

thefe he again,

Budaoon gate the feventh

feized the

day after the ufurpation, and took the

from the new

city

where he was joined by

field,

aod the country around.

by furprize, entered the

city

but he was met at the fecond gate, called

and his

and a fharp

aflbciates,

wounds

time, received feveral

pirited

the Ghizni gate,

Plimmid

Himid

upon the point of a

ul

die'rl"

his

threw

horfe,

himfelf, in the

mean

but the fad:ion of Kadjie Mola,

all

dif- quaaied.

over

proceeded to the red palace, dragged

ul dien then

from thence the unfortunate

Mola

leading on his

v/as

by his death, gave ground and difperfed themfelves

the city.

city

who

He

and flew him.

the flreet

V/ith

Keder, by Hadjie

him from

parly with great bravery, and pulling

in

at

conflidl enfued.

being difmounted, run up to Hadjie Mola,

him down

fofter brother,

dien, his

ul

and fent his head round the

Allavi,

fpear,

which put an end

to this flrange

confpiracy.

Elich

punilh

Chan was

all

in the

who were

mean time

fent

by the Sultan

to Delhi,

to

fuppofcd to have had any hand in this rebellion

'

The

fons of

Malleck

ul

Omrah Fuchir

himfelf were put to death merely

been one of their

their great wealth,

Rintimpore had

dependants.

which was

ul dien,

on

all

to take the place.

He

'

tl)e

"'"^
'

But the moft probable caufe was

other means,

'^'^'^

fell

for a

whole year, and the

upon the following expedient

'^ken.

collected togedier a great multitude of people,

and provided each of them with

earth, and having begun' at

bag,

fome diftance

menfe labour, formed an afcent

rebels.

and the old Cutwal

confifcated to the King.

which they

fiikd

frorh' the rock,

to the top of the walls,

'

with

with im'loy

Chan

'^P""'^^

fufpicion, as the rebel had:

now been clofely befieged

bultan, atter trying

Eiich

^'which"
the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

and put Raja Amir Deo, his family

place,

^"^^''^'^

*''^P^

ri^r'5'

This

and the garrifon to the fword.

fort

is

efteemed the ftrongeflia

Hindoftan.

Mahummud

Mier

Mogul

Sliaw, the

who had

general,

refuge in Rintimpore, after the mutiny at Jallore, having

of his men

in the defence

wounds when the

manner,

*'

command
make
Mahummud
Shaw put

xhe

to a

aucl death,

in

this

wounds

to be

the fon of

Amir Deo,

alked

ill

of his

an infulting

in

exprefs for his lord, fliould he

whom my

threw
Sultan enraged at this reply,
^
r

him

The Mogul

to death for a tyrant,

to

mod

loll:

Alia finding the unfor-

immediately cured."

would put him

was himfelf lying

condition,

what gratitude would he

his

**

replied,

fort,

Sultan entered the place.

Mahummud

tunate

of the

taken

fiercely

and endeavour to

gratitude

is

him beneath

due. King."

the feet of an

Bat confidering afterwards that he was a brave man, and

elephant.

one. of whofc gallant behaviour he himfelf had been often witnefs,

l\e

ordered his body to, be put in a coffin, and interred with decent

The

folemnity.

who had
fliQuld,

Sultan then

deferted over to

with

all

*'

fion, that

be true to another
pore, with

he

returi

months

TTie Sultan

Alk

who

!"

the Raja's

fell fick

Saying upon the occa-

have betrayed their natural Lord, can never

army

it,

upon

to Delhi.

and. died on his

his brother

EUch Chan,

But Ellch Chan, about

way

fix

to the capital.

being in the courfe of this year, apprehenfive of con-

and infurre^ions, caHed together the Omrahs

^^^^ renowned

vizier,

a flrong party during the fiege,

be maffacred.

the riches taken in

ul dicn

that

Having beftowed the government of Rintim-

ed w^ith his

after,

ccuS*^Q*he ^pir^cies
o.-nrahs.

all

him with

his followers,

thofe

commanded

for their

opinion without referve,

who were

wifdom, and commanded them to give their

how he

(hould condu<5t matters, fo as to

prevent difturbances and rebellions in the empire.

He

at the

fame

time defired them to explain what they thought were the principal
caufet

^THE HISTORy, OF HINPQSTAN.

The

caufes of thofe diforders.

Omrahs.,

pi
amon?

confultin;?

Jifter

many

themfelves, replied, that there were

caufes concurring

from which the convulfions difagreeable

flate,

That

proceeded.

At

**

empire muft have

the head of this

misfortunes could not be obviated at once,

as thofe

to the

from

arofe.

Omrahs,

faid the

lift,"

qvils,

we muft

**

caufes of

place

diftiubances

V?'^'^'

'

their confequenc^:,s

in

they would only mention, for that time, a few of thofe

which danger

;v.

Higer. 7C0.

the King's inattention to advance the good, or to redrefs the wrongs

in

theem-

The public ufe of wine is the fourceof many diforwhen men form themfelves into focieties for the purpofe of

oflhe people.
ders

for

drinking, their minds are difclofed to one another, while the ftrength

of the liquor fermenting in their blood precipitates them into the moft

The

defperate undertakings.

connections formed by the great

of the court, are pregnant with danger to the

rous marriages, and the places in their gift,

Their nume-

ftafe.

draw the ftrength of the

government into the hands of a few, who are always

ciating

themfelves

create revolutions

together, to

"The fourth and not the

leaft caufe

of difturbance

pendent princes, than fubjeds of the

'^The
.

Sultan approved fo
t.

he immediately began
laid before

He

him.

to carry

firft

adminiftration of juftice

rowly into the private

the empire.

He

fecret difcourfes

tranfadion of
juftice

much

laid

I.

circulateH in a

are rather inde-

of the remarks of his Omrahs, that The

-

mto execution

the plan

Sultan
begins to re-

which they

applied himfelf to a ftrid inquiry into the

to redrefs grievances,

as well as public

and to examine nar-

charaders of

all

men of rank

in

himfelf out to procure intelligence of the cnoft

of families of note in the

moment

in the

with fuch rigour and

Vol.

the empirci-

ftate."

aflb-

the unequal di-

is

few hands, and therefore the governors of provinces

by

able,

iii

is,

wealth of a rich empire

vifion of property; for the

men

city,

as well as

of every

He

executed

moft diftant provinces.

feverity, that

robbery and theft, formerly

fo

drefs grie.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

274
.A

D. nco.

To

common, were

The

not heard of in the land.

traveller

llcpt

fecure upon the public highway, and the merchant carried his

com-

modities in fafcty from the fea of Bengal to the mountains of Cabul,

and from Tilling to CaOimire.

Forbids the
ufe of wine.

publiflicd an edidl apainft the ufe

j-je

'

on

of wine and flrone linuors

upon pain of death.

emptied his

cellars in

He

bimfJf

fet

the ftreet.

the example tohis fubjeds, and

In this he

was followed by

common

ranks of people, fo that, for fome days, the

all

fewers flowed

with wine.

He

Prohibits

marriages
without li-

be

ccnce.

no marriage among the nobility fhould

ilTued out orders thaf

ratified

.^^^

without

a fpecial licence

converfation

that no private meet-

among

be held

fhould

from him

the

proved a fevere check to the pleafures of fociety.

was

carried into fuch rigorous execution, that

his friends without a written permiffion

Seizes

He

upon

thetv^a^thy^

feizcd

diftinftion,

an immenfe treafure,

Cuts off
from the

fees
of-

all

AH
^^^^

Men>

and by

in fliort,

eflates

this

latter

order

entertain,

vizier.

then lengthened the hand of violence upon

Hindoos without

over

This

no man durft

from the

upon the wealth, and confifcated the

Omrahs, which

the

rich.

He

of Muffulmen and

means he accumulated

were almoft reduced

to a level

the empire.

emoluments were cut off from the

filled

men whofe

with

different offices,

which

indigence and dependence rendered

ihem

implicitly obedient to the didates of government.

AnequjUland
tax

erubtini-

He
raifcd

ordered a tax of half the real annual ^produce of the lands to be

over

exchequer.

were

all

the empire, and to be regularly tranfmitted to the

He

appointed

to take care that the

i

officers to fuperintend the colledors,

who

Zemindars fhould take no more from the

poor

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Door farmers,

275

than in proportion to the eflimate which they had

given in of their eftates

and in cafe of difobedience or neglect, the

fuperintendants were obliged to refund the overplus, and to pay a

The

fine for the oppreffion.

farmers, at the fame time, were con-

fined to a certain proportion of land, and to an appointed

and oxen to cultivate the fame.

fervants

to have above a certain

was paid out of them

So

grazier

number of cows, fLeep and

to the

was permitted

goats,

and a tax

government.

the Sultan look after the behaviour of the colledors

ftriftly did

and other

No

number of

officers

of the revenue, that

officers of
many of them, who formerly
-'the revenue.

kept great retinues, were obliged to difmifs them, and to have

all

the menial offices of their families performed by their wives and

Neither were they permitted to refign their employs,

children.

till

they found others as capable as themfelves to execute the duties of

their office.

Thefe regulations were good,

but they were
<^
<->

He
Mahommedan

broke through

Monarchs

with him a

fevere. ^,

Theie regu-

Gallons

good,

but too ie-

law, were left to the decifion of the

the

to

common

cafis.

courfe of juftice.

the inferiour departments of government.

common

faying,

Other vere.
Alia
It

was

" That religion had no connexion

government, but was only the bufinefs, or rather amufe-

civil

ment of

all

and

laws and cuftoms, which, according to the

left ftate affairs

defcended to

with

all

arbitrary
J

private life

and that the will of a wife prince was better

than the variable opinions of bodies of men."

As the

Sultan was knov/n to be

the learned

men

at court,

to talk

illiterate, it

became a maxim with The

upon no fubjeds which they knew

muft be beyond the King's knowledge.

He was however

fo fenfible

of the difadvantages which he laboured under by his ignorance of letters,

that he applied himfelf privately to ftudy, and foon, notwith-

n 2

ftanding

fe^ir

Sultan

lo

to",

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TPIE

276
A p.

inej.

iijgcT.

703.

flanding

...

manner of

ten or twelve years

After he had

authors in the language.

befl;

requires

and made himfelf acquainted with

addreffes,

all

knowledge of the Perfiao

the

which generally

writing,

ftudy, he foon read

the

of acquirins;

difficulty

tlie

*-

he encouraged

as to be able to hold part in learned difcourfes,

rary fubjeds, and

(howed

particular favour to

that age, particularly to Cafi

lana Murfiiid

the

men

did according to the true

confulted.

where
.

The

Sultan
reduces Chi-

He

THc

jq j-g^Jucg

the Raja of Tilling.

Chitor,

ferred the

Mo-

appointed

which he

upon which he was

without fear and trembling-,

it

fent an

about this time,

army, by the way of

fort

of Arinkil, which was in the poffeflion of

He

himfelf moved the royal ftand^rd. toward?

fix

months he took the

government of

He

Chizerabad.

regal dignities

it

upon

at the

place, in the year 703, con-

his eldeft fon Chizer Chan, and

fame time beftowed upon Chizer

and authority.

...

Intelligence of this expedition arriving at

invade Hin-

who

law to him

to

which had never before been reduced by the troops of Iflam.

After a fiege of

doftan.

it

He

men of

from the King's, violent maxims of government.

much

Sultan*

ggj^g^j^

The Moguls

ul dien Biana.

in every point

fptrit,

the eminent

lite-

Ji

called

all

Molana Zehirling,

to explain the

did not however do

differed

it

ul dien

Corami and Cuzi Moiz

of thofe learned

laft

Zea

proceeded fo far

diftinguiftied himfelf

that the Sultan

would be

all

jo

ul nere, Jirghi,

formerly againft Ziffer Chan, thinking

a long time abfent, feized that opportunity,

Alia

for invading Hindoilan.

abandoned

Maver

hearing of this

his fchemes againft the

dangerous

inroad^,

Pecan, and made what hafto:

he could with his army to Delhi,

They

ad-

V13nC.6

to*

wards Delhi,

JirghJ>

with twelve tomans of Mbgul horfe, approached, in a

few days, the

The

city,

and'

encamped upon the banks of

horfe of the imperial

the-

Jumna*.

army being abfent on the expedition to

Arinkil,,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Arinkil, the Sultan

was

in

no condition

and warlike an enemy

fo powerful

in the field.

army

tented himfelf with entrenching his

fuburbs,

till

to face,

^- ^* '303
Higer. 703.

equal terms,
upon
^

He

therefore con-

in the plain

he could draw the forces of the

277

diftant

beyond the

Subas together.

But the Moguls having the command of the adjacent country, prevented the fuccours from joining the Sultan, and proceeded fo far as
to plunder the fuburbs, in

the

King's prefence, without his being

able to prevent them.

In this Situation ftood

fay

tan,

affairs for

two months

fome authors, had recourfe

plied to a faint of thofe days,

and then the Sul-

to fupernatural

He

aid.

whofe name was Shech Nizam

ap-

ul dien

The faint, in one night, without any vifible caufe, flruck

Mogul army with a panic which occafioned their precipitate

Aulia.

the

retreat to their
flight

own

of the Moguls to

fo

weak and

intelligence, or

vate order,

But we have no teafon

country.

to afcribe

fuperftitious a caufe;

the improbability of fuccefs,

about their fudden departure more than the power of the

""^ffat*

the

as pri-

brought

faint.

The

Sultan, during this alarming period, was heard, to confefs, that his
ideas of univerfal conq'ieft

were many heads

in the

were

world

as

and ridiculous, for that there

idle

hard

as his

own..

Alia being relieved from the perils of this invafion, built a palace

upon the
citadel

fpot

of

where he had entrenched himfelf, and ordered the

be pulled

Delhi to

down and

built

began to recruit his army, with an intention to

Moguls

their repeated

prodigious number,
his revenues, and

them above
it

occurred

to'

out, lowering

him

that

what

fix years.

He

inroads.

retaliate

encreafed his forces

He

then

upon the

AlJa levies*
^"^^'^

to fuch a

upon calculating the cxpence, he found,

treafures

He

anew..

he had himfelf, could not fupport

refolved therefore to reduce the pay, but

that this could not be

proportionably,

done with propriety,, with-

the price of horfes, arms and

pro*--

vifioas*.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

278
A. D. 1^03. vifions.

This he did by an

Htgcr. 703.

which he

cd{(X

ftriflly

enforced

com-

the empire, fettling the price of every article at about half the

mon

rate,

which

in

over

all

fa(5t,

was

doubling his

juft

treafure

and

revenues.

Theprkfsof
Lfccdr^"

To

eftablifli this

with refped:

redu6tion of the price,

he ordered great magazines

upon the

to be built

grain,

to

Jumna and

rivers

Ganges, and other places convenient for water carriage, under the diredtion of Malleck Cabuli.

tax in grain

CQlle<flor received

half of the land

and the royal agents fupplied the markets

price.

To

allowed

to retain

his family,

This

prevent any monopoly in this

at

a ftated

every farmer was

article,

only a certain quantity, according to the number of

and fend the overplus,

as foon as

it

was threfhed

out, to

The

market, for which he was obliged to take the ftanding price.

importation of grain was encouraged
article

but to export

of provifions, was a capital crime.

The King

it

or any other

himfelf had a daily

report laid before him, of the quantity fold and remaining in the feve-

and

ral royal granaries,

fpies

were appointed in the different markets,

to

inform him of abufes, which he punifhed with the utmofh rigour.

tnd of cloth.

The

Sultan alfo appointed a public office, and infpeflors,

fixed the price of the various kinds of cloth, according to

obliging the merchants to open their (hops at

day, and

fell

their

goods

to import cloth

from the neighbouring

of the people rendered

what unaccountable,
was

He at the fame time

to procure ready

countries,

their manufadlures cheaper.

money

where the poverty

But what

is

fome-

the exportation of the finer kind of manufacture

prohibited, yet not permitted to be

fpecial authority

quality,

its

certain hours every

at the ftipulated price.

opened a loan, by which they were enabled

who

worn

at

home, except by

from the King, which favour was only conferred

upon men of rank.

As

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

As

horfes had arofe to an

who

dealers,

immenfe

bv an

price,

number from

only bought up a certain

by which they were obliged

them, and
price

was

them

to fell

offered

The

account.

alTociation

of the

northern merchants to inhance the price;

edid",

279

the Perfian and

King

publi/lied an of horfej.

regifter the prices paid for

to

at a certain profit

the

within fuch a time,

them, otherwife the King took them upon

price of the horfe

his quality, and care

was

was taken, by

A- D. 1303.
Higer, 703.

at the

if that

his

own

fame time according to

that means, that the merchants and

dealers in thofe animals fliouid not have an opportunity, by fecret con-

Many

nivance, to raife the price.

fome time

article

a great

after,

being found out

frauds

number of

andalTes, were alfo taken into confideration

animal, and

The
care

all

commodities, were fold

and inihort every ufeful

at a ftated price in the Bazars,

to

new model

his

army.

He

fettled the

pay of every horfe-

for himfelf and horfe, from 234 rupees a

80, according to the goodnefs of the horfe

found his cavalry

In

the

againft

to confifl

mean time

Jirpal Chaja,

doftan,

goats, camels,

Sultan having thus regulated the prices of things, his next

was

man,

this

horfe dealers were whipt

Oxen, {heep,

out of the city, and others put to death.

in

down

year,

to^^''^^^^*

and, upon a mufter, he

of four hundred and feventy-five thoufand.

Ali Beg, the grandfon of Chingez Chan, and

with forty thoufand horfe, made an irruption into Hin- Jhe Moguls

but the Sultan fending Malleck Tughlick, with a force

them, they were defeated, with the

Ali Beg, and

prifoners.

Jirpal,

lofs

of

feveji

thoufand.

with nine thoufand of their troops, were taken

They were

fent in

chains to

inhumanly maffacred.

the Sultan,

He appointed Tughlick,

who

ordered

for this fvrvice,

viceroy of Punjab.

Alip
zerat,

Chan was about

this

time appointed

and fent thither with a great

force.

Amir

ul

Hindoftan
are over-

the chiefs to be thrown under the feet of an elephant, and the foldiers
to be

settles the

Omrah of Gu-

Am ul Mtiluck Moultai?i
an

fh^ own.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSmN,

^fSo

On^rai^ of great fume,

ti'is^, '70!]

was

fame time ordered with

at the

He

conqueft of Mahiva,

^'^"^^

JlJed

numerous

was oppofcd by Kokah, the

Raja, with forty thoudind Rajaput horfe, and one hundred ihoufand

An

foot.

engagcLnent enfued,

and took the

victorious,

Chanduri.
to the

He,

after

which Ain

in

Muluck proved

of Ugein, Mandu, Daranagurri, and

cities

thefe fuccefTes, difpatched a Fatte

emperor, who, upon receiving

days throughout the city of

fort of Jallore,

ul

terrified

Namma*

ordered a rejoicing of feven

it,

Kuntir Deo, the governor of the

Dellii.

by the conquers of Ain ul Muluck, gave up

that place upon terms of capitulation.

The

Raja of
Chitor i7iakis
his efcape,

The
1

Raja of Chitor,
1

who had
1

found in

took that place,

been prifoner fmce the Emperor

mean time means to make his

manner. The Sultan having heard

the

efcape, in a very extraordinary

extravagant things in praife of the beauty and accompli(limer)tS

one of the Raja's daughters, told him,

upon her account, be

fliould,

that. if

of.

he would fend her, he?

releafed.
^

The
and

Raja,

who was

fent for his

ill

treated in

}\is

confinement, confented,

daughter with a manifeft defign to prollitute her to

The

the King.

very

Raja's family hearing this diflionourable propofal,

concerted means of poifoning the Raja to fave their

But the daughter being a

releafe her father,

and

girl

at the

own

reputation.

of invention, propofed a ftratagem to

fame time

to fave her

own

honour.

She accordingly wrote to her father to give out, that fhe was coming
with
by the con-

all

her attendants, and would be

acquainting
*

h?s^daughtcr

him with

the part

feledcd a

(lie

at

Delhi upon a certain day,

intended to

number of

qlO;.

Her

contrivance.

enterprifing fellows,

who

in

compleat armour, concealed themfelves in doolies or clofe chairs, in

which the

women

are always

carried

chofen retinue of horfe and foot, as

*

A writing

of vidlory.

is

{he provided

for

them a

cuftomary to guard ladies of

Pompous accounts of his adions, according

to their cuftom.
,

r^nk.

.,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

She

rank.

by
'

herfelf,

this

her father's means, retime, had, by

'

J^-.

D. i^oj.
yo^,

tiller,

ceived the Sultan's paffport, and the whole cavalcade proceeded to

Delhi, and were admitted without interruption.

It

was now night,

and by the Sultan's permiffion, they were permitted to

The

fee the Raja.

chairs being carried into the prifon, and the attendants having

chairs,

and putting

all to

men

the armed

taken their ftations without;

darted out of the

the fword within the courts, carried the

he mounted, and

Raja out, and having horfes prepared for him,

with his attendants, rufhed out of the

could be made, and

fled to his

own

In the year 705, Kabeik, an

city,

before any oppofition

country.

Omrah of DovaChan, King of Ma-

ver ul nere, with defign to revenge the death of Ali Beg and Jirpal,

invaded Hindoftan with a great army,

Mallcck Tuehlick,

proceeded to Sewalic.
leveling

his forces, cut

Thofe who efcaped the fword, finding

retired into the defart,

which blow
that

out of

who were

at that feafon,
fifty

flill

mean

time, col-

them with
it

where

great flaughter.

impoffible to force their

thirll

and the hot winds

put an end to their miferable lives;

feven thoufand

horfe,

this horrid fcene.

befides

their

unfortunate^chief, Kabeik,

elephants, except fome

The unhappy

They were fent

only referved for greater mifery.

where they were

women

all

and children,

captives

Aekbalmund,

alfo,

Vol.

I.

were

to Delhi wiih their

trodden to death by

who were

fold in the

flaves.

Mo-

a chief of great reputation, foon after invaded

Hindoftan with a powerful army.

him

Co

attendants,

Thefe repeated misfortunes did not however dlfcourage the

guls.

^'^^

more numerous, only three thoufand, who were taken

prifoners, furvived

market for

in the

ofF the retreat of the Moguls, before any

troops arrived from Delhi, and defeated

way home,

and ravaging Moultan,

with great flaughter ;

But Malleck Tughlick defeated ^^J^'^^gJ'js

and fent fome thoufand prifoners to

Go

Delhi,

thrown.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

282
A. D.iyo',. Dell)i,

who were

Ligcr. 705.

by the cuRomary! iliHumkilt^^of

'

difpjitched
*

,
,

Alia.

Fear, from this time forward, took poffeflion of the Moguls, and

they gave over

were even hard

lick

made

preffed to defend themfelves

They
Malleck Tugh-

many

thoughts of Hindoflan for

all

for

incurfions into their country every year,

years.

plundering the

provinces of Cabul, Ghizni, Candahar, and Garrimfere, or laying

them under heavy

The

Su^tnn

I" the

was employed

time, the Sultan

policy and government of his empire;

timg the^po"- ternal

^1^^^^^'^^^'""

mean

contributions.

in fettling the in-

and with fuch fortu-

nate perfeverance in whatever he undertook, that the fuperftition of

amazed

the times afcribed his fuccefs to fupernatural power,

good

efFefts that

Ram

at

the

flowed from the flridlnefs of his government.

Deo, Raja of Deogire

in

the Decan, having negleded to

fend the revenues of that diflrid, which he affigned over to the Sultan by treaty, Malleck Cafoor, with

a great

army was ordered

many Omrahs of renown, and

conquer the Decan.

to

one of the Sultan's catamites, and originally a

from

merchant of Guzerat,

Emperor's

affecftion for

as

we

Cafoor exceeded

him,

to

*,

commanding

among them

great difguO",

Chaja Hadjee was appointed

imperial

taken by force

all

He

gave

him

the

Omrahs who

the

in thofe

his

The

the bounds of decency

title

of

attended

pay their refpedts to him every day, as to a fovcreign.

Created

The

flave,

have already mentioned.

and prudence upon the prefent occafion.

Malleck Naib Cafoor

This Cafoor was

This

but they durfl not murmur.

lieutenant

days, for his good principles.

man much

In the

efleemed

beginning of the

army invades
the Decan.

year 706, they marched from Delhi, with an army of one hundred

thoufand horfe, and were joined in their way, by Ain ul

Muluck

Moultani, Suba of Malava, and Alip Chan, Suba of Guzerat, with

their forces.

f Tha:

15,

a viceroy

with

all

the enfigos of royalty.

One

TH.E Ifl^^TfQRY OF H|NJDpSfrAN.

One of

the Sultan's wives,

the

formerly men-'A- P;

Comlade,

fair

2^3

tioned, hearing of this

and

addreffed herfelf to the King, Comlade

expedition,

him, that before ihe was taken pnfoner,

told

fince died

>

two

heard,
flill

fliould give orders to his

Sultan.

had

alive.

gene-

confented, and gave orders accordingly.

ill

Malleck Cafoor, having pafTed through Malava, encamped upon

the

sad-~

endeavour to get her into their polTeflion, and fend her to

The King

Delhi.

flie

but that the other, whofe name was Dewilde, was

She therefore begged that the Sultan

rals to

ihe had

That one of them,

beautiful daughters to RajaKirren.

>396-a.

Higer. 706.

borders of the Decan.

He

the

fent

Kirren, to deliver up his daughter Dewilde, which was

as a pretext for

commencing

in

hoflilities

Raja

now

urged

at

'

Mal-

to this dem.and.

camp

'''^

The

cafe of a refufal.

Raja could by no means be brought to agree

leck Cafoor therefore marched from his

to

Sultan's order

Cafoor entefs

Nidderbar, while

Alip Chan, with his forces from Guzerat, was taking the rout of the

mountains of Buckelana,

to enter the

Decan by another

was oppofed by Raja Kirren, who defeated

all

He

pafs.

two

his attempts for

months, in which time feveral undecifive adtlons were fought.

Singeldeo, the fon of

Ram

Deo, Raja of Deogire,

contracted to the young Dewilde, without coni

fent his. brother

hinjivthat as

Bimedeo with

their ends,

vijar,

would return

his.,

.be^itif^"?^^'^''^'^'

father.

if he,^{Jtipi^^

him, the troops of Iflam, in del^air

to their

own

country.

depended much upon the young prince's

pofal,

of

had

aid,

of^

obtaining

Raja K^rr^^y

i^lVf

copfen^ed tj^^thi^^Tt)

and gave his daughter, then in her thirteenth, y^a^, ui mar-

riage to Singeldeo.

Alip

Chan hearing

this

news, was greatly

terrified left the Saltan

ihould impute this cirgumQance to his flownefs, and was refblved, at

,,0

prefents to Raja Kirrqn.j|. perfw^^j^ipgrr

Dewilde was the occafion of the

deliver her over to

>:

who

o 2

an

THE
all,

Aiip Chan

cHigns to
urcept

her.

her b^pfpre her departure, as he was

eve^x^s, to feizq

own

life

in-

OF HINDOSTAi^i

ft\$(l[QRy

dei^ended upon his fuccefs.

.

With his intentions,

who

He

acquainted

readily leconded the

all

deytairtj^is;

the Omrah?-

He

attempt.

thert

entered the mountains with his army, and engaging the Raja, gave

hin\ a

total defeat;

upon which, Kirren

his elephants, tents

fued

him through

Deogire, leaving

fled to

and equipage upon the

aU

Alip Chan pur-l

field.

the hills for fome days, but at length, entirely loft

his track and all intelligence concerning

in the end, accident

threw

him and

this pearl in his

But

his daughter.

way.

Halting to refre(h his army two days among the mountains,

ibme of

his troops,

went from the camp

without leave, to the number of three hundred,

to fee a

of Deogire, from which

famous mountain

city

he was not then

no

Ramdeo, and

fafety in flight, they

were determined

to fland

and accordingly drew up to receive the enemy.

brother. The
,

fcizes her

by

an accident,

two

who was

on

As

was

there

their defence,,

This troop proved

carrying the

parties, in fliort, engaged,

In their

they apprehended

be in purfuit of them.

to

be the retinue of Bimedeo,

neighbourhood

far diftant.

whom

excurfion they faw a great troop of horfe,

to belong to

in the

young

to-

bride to his

'

and the Hindoos were put ta

while an unfortunate arrow having pierced the horfe of Dewilde,*

^
^
The conquerors
the unhappy fair one was abandoned in the fleld.

flight,

'

feeing her, gathered round

fcuffle
tiful

about the prize.

her horfe, and commenced a bloody

This might have proved

Dewilde, had not one of her female

fatal to the

flaves told aloud

her

beau-

name

and quality, conjuring them to carry her to their commander with

thatrefped which was due to her rank and
tliey

knew

fex.

Upon

the peril of treating her with any indignity

hearing
;

this--

and whiles

an exprefs was difpatched with the news to Alip Chan, they condudted her with great care and

refpe(ft to

the camp.

'

THE'HT^T6^V b>
having obtained

^^Alip- Chaff,

bided '

whom

INDOSTAN.

i^/

ff

was exceedingly

this prize,

'

^i^; 'io5.'
condufls
He
prince,
over
his
to
be
would
acceptable
it
how
knowing:

^ Delhi,
TT
r
r
He therefore profethe lady's mother had great influence.
-

cuted his conquefts no further, but returned to Guzerat, and from

thence carried Dewild^ to Delhi, and prefented her to her mother.

In a few days her beauty inflamed the heart of the Sultan's eldefl

Chan,

fon Chizer
liiftory

to

whom

was given

fhe

of the loves of this illuftrious pair,

wrote

is

The

in marriage.
in

an elegant

poem, by Amir Chufero.

Let us

now

He

the Decan.

ino:

Naib Cafoor,

return to Malleck
firfl:

whom we left

known by

wo condition

the

to the fiege of

Ramdeo

name of Dowlat-abad.

oppofe this great army, prudently

to

fubdued the country

of the Mahrattors, which
'

he divided among his Omrahs, then proceeded

gire, fince

enter- ^ ,
Caioor s
tranfaaions in
the Decan.

Deo-

being in

left his fbn Sin-

geldeo in the fort, and advanced himfelf, with great prefents, to the

conqueror, to procure peace, which was accordingly fettled between

them.

Malleck Cafoor, upon

King, and fome time

after

this,

wrote a Fatee

brought Ramdeo,

and feventeen elephants, to pay

his allegiance to

Namma

to the*'

with rich prefent^'^

him

at Delhi,

where

he himfelf was received with the moft extravagant marks of favour

and

Ramdeo had

diflinftion.

with the

title

royal dignities conferred

upon him^

of Rai Raian *, and had not only the government oF^

his

own dominions

all

which he did homage,

reflored to him, but others

and paid tribute

King moreover gave him the

diflrid:

were
to

a'fo

added, for

the Sultan.

The"

of Nofari, near Guzerat, by

way of Jagier, and a lack of rupees to bear his expences home.

Thus hedifmified Ramdeo with princely geoeroiity j having, m fome
meafure,. looked

him,
A

as the

upon the wealth, of v^hich he had formerly robbed

foundation cf

all his

own

greatncfs,

And he perhaps

Prince of Princes.

thought

THE HISTORY OF/

2^
A.p.

i-cj.

The

thouolit

fome

thw^t

During the abfence of Cafoof on

Sultan

employed himlelf

Delhi, called

When

thi3'

own

this

the prefents,

made

dumb

him

but returned

fubmiflion

his

in

pay homage for the

which he

Jallire,

The

dafoor

dition,

Sultan,

by the

The
hope

finding

the

his mercy, and delivered

part of the Raja's country to his

S^ultan received

came and
from his

little

Sultan

inexorable,

up the place.

But he alienated

it.

favourite

reft.

of obedience.

that unlefs he

he could

perfon,

Sultan plundered and again rcftored

to

no

hundred elephants, and other

for anfwer,

The Raja

reprefentative.

threw himfelf upon

over

in token

neck,

its

hopes of procuring peace.

in

vain.

place found he could hold out

This prefent was accompanied by

effecfts,

in

image, which had been cafl in pure gold, to

the Sultan, with a chain round

precious

Decan, the

which had often been attempted

Raja of

Jilleldeo the

his expedition to the

taking a ftrong fort to the fouthvvard of

in

Sevvana,

longer, he fent his

Arin-

the Raja upon

returnrv/.is duetto

j^ratcful

account.

takes^Jevvana. I^i'ig

SarS

Hix^JD'OSTAN,

The

The
a great

Omrahs, and bound him

Sultan

then proceeded to

took, and returned to Delhi.

much about this time, was informed that the expeway of Bengal, to Arinkil in the country of Tilling,
army on

had not fucceeded, and that

his

to retreat in great difirefs.

In the year 700, he difpatched Malleck

Gafoor with
Deogire

force to invade

a great

with orders, that

cohfent to give

him

if

that fide had been obliged

that country, by the

Lidder Deo, Prince of Arinkil, fliould

handfome

prefent, and promife an annual tri-

bute, to return without profecuting the

Pvlalleck Cafoor

came out

to

entertained

camp, with

meet them with

fl:ri(ft

>

offerings,

Whferi*

Ram Deo

and carrying them home,

great hofpitality, ordering his Bazar to the

orders to

eftabliOied price in his

;

war any further.

and Chaja Hadjee had reached Deogire,

them with

way of

own

fell

every thing according to the Sultan's

dominioris.H ^^^^ V^^^

'

^'U^^^^^

Cafoof

tW HISTORY

OF HINDOSTAN.

287

Gafoor havirig marched from Deogire, appeared at Indore^

Tapoft A. ^. '307*'^

ihe frontiers of Tilling, and iflued orders to lay wafle the country

with

fire

and fword

Enters l

il-

which flruck the unhappy people, who had

never injured their wanton enemies, with great terror and confternatiori.
all their

forces to fupport Lidderdeo, in this alarming jundlure.

as thp imperial

before the
Arinkil,

upon

^^(^^^^^fii

In the meantime, the neighbouring Rajas haftened with

army proceeded with

of his

a-rrival

which was

this,

alfo

great expedition, he was forced,

himfelf up in the fort of

to fhut

allies,

The

a place of great ftrength.

took

polTeirion

But

allied Rajas,

of divers flrong holds round the

country.

Malleck Cafoor immediately invefted the place, and began his

attacks,

both

which were

fides.

carried

on and repelled with great flaughter on ^^^^^

Notwithflanding the interruptions that Cafoor received

from the Rajas without the

was taken by

place, Arinkil, after

fome months

fiege,

and the garrifon maflacred without mercy,

aflault,

for the citadel to

which Lidderdeo had

retired,

was not

fufficient to

contain the whole.

Lidderdeo,

his peace with three

hundred elephants, feven thoufand horfes, and

money and jewels

to

driven to this extremity,

a very great

time, to pay an annual tribute.

him

the news of

amount

army

his vidories,

to

bought

agreeing at the fame

Malleck Cafoor,

tageous peace, returned with his

before

Befieges and

after this

Delhi.

He

advan-

difpatched

which was read from the

Upon his approach to the

and met him at the Budaoon gate,

pulpit, and a public rejoicing ordered.

city,

the

King himfelf came out

and there the conqueror

In the year 710,

The

with a great army,

laid all the fpoils at his feet.

Sultan fent Malleck Cafoor and Chaja Hajee

to reduce

Dhoor,

Summund and Maber

in the

Decan, where he had heard, there were temples very rich in gold
and jewels. When they had proceeded to Deogire, they found that

Ram

Cafoor's ex.
P^'^^''^" '

the JJccan.

THE HISTORY OF HIND05TAN.

A. D. jro.
t

Rarn Deo the old Raia was dead, and that the youn^ Raia, SIn?e!deo,
left

was not

fome Omrahs

and continued

ftrong

in a

The

Raja of

overthrown.

commanded

inhuman

him

They found

whole country.

in idols of gold, adorned

and

cruelties,

arrived in the countries

Carnatic, and defeating him, took

his

They

therefore

had pafTed the Raja's

they

They engaged

fubdue.

to

they thought.

When

their

months march from Delhi,

as

upon the banks of the Ganges,

pofl:

march.

their

they began

territories,

them

fo well affected to

in

which they were

Deo,

Belial
prifoner,

three

after

Raja of the

and then ravaged

the temples, prodigious fpoils

with the moil precious Hones

and other

Here the conqueror

rich effeds, confecrated to their worfliip.

built

a fmall mofque, and ordered divine fervice to be read according to the

Mahommedan
peror's

faith,

and the Chutba to be pronounced

name. This mofque remains

cfleeming

it

a houfe confecrated to

intire in

Em-

in the

our days, for the Caffers *

God, would not deftroy

it

-f-.

Malleck Naib Cafoor having wearied his own inhumanity and

avarice, in deftroying

An

immenfe return

tovaed

to

and robbing an unfortunate people, refolved to

Delhi with his

^'^^^^^y ^ quarrel arofe

tedion in his
country.
quarrel

The

fpoils.

among fome Brahmins who had

camp from

divifion

them

to

of fome hidden

Malleck Cafoor

* The Mahommedans

do
t

'

not profefs their

-I-

is

give the

name of

This obfervation of our author

ceremootes and

God

to be

treafure,

who

examined.

which was

feized

them and

They were

at

who

CafFers or Infidels to all the nations

faith.

perfectly confiftent with the

think that the fame

isx

own

language, found the

their

immediately communicated to the Cutwal,

carried

taken pro-

the plundering parties that fcoured the

Some body who underAood

was about the

night before his intended

is

the

fets

the

two

religions in very oppofite lights,

principle of the univerfal charity

objed of

all religions,

of the Hindoos,

however much they may

and

who
differ

tenets.

foil

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANiT C

iirft

2%

A. D^
very obftinate, but their lives being threatened, and each being

queftioned apart, they were afraid one would inform

which means they difcovered

other, by

all

the

agaiiill

they knew.

M^-.t.

Seven dif-

were pointed out near the camp, where immenfe treaThefe being dug up and placed upon elefures were concealed.
ferent places

phants, Malleck Cafoor turned

points of his fpears to Delhi,

arrived without any remarkable occurrence, 'in the year

where he

He

711.

the

prefented the Sultan with

96,000 maunds of gold,

cherts of jewels

feveral

The

312 elephants, 20,000

upon feeing

other precious

things *.

which exceeded

that of Baadawird or Pirvez,

Sultan

and opened the doors of his bounty to

Omrahs

prirrcipal

men

all.

pearls,
this

treafure,

was greatly

He

and

rejoiced,

gave to each of the The

The

ten maunds, and to the inferior five.

learned

wealth to

The

quality.

the treafury.

his fervants, according to their rank

all

that during this expedition to the Carnatic,

the foldiers threw the filver they found away,

where gold was found

chains,

plate in the

ten gold

-fliould v/e believe

a fcene

* This

as too

perfon wore

metal than gold,

other

til is

was

filver

money

thai^^nds of years

accefiion

may appear

sind

add

to exceed

to

the credi* of our author leoaaia

all

all

the

current in that country,

be varnifhed over by his great

belief in the eyes of

all

this,

that

it

is

in the midfl:

iaiire.

The

Europeans

But

if

we

perhaps by wars for

the invariable cuftom of that race,

to

of wealth, our wonder will ceafe, and

gold alone amounts to about one hundred

of our money.
1.

while

of wealth, the tyrannical Alia exhibited

with iKe abdiueiice of hermits

jV*QL.

bracelets,

the reports of thofe adventurers.

in the capital too dreadful to

treafure

at

confider the Hindoos as a mercantile people, and not difturbed

niillions

cumberfome,

houfes of the great, and in the temples, was of bea-

neither

Soon after

No

in fuch plenty.

of any

rings

or

and

remainder was melted down, coined and lodged in

It is faid,

P p

o-u**
abilities.

genero-

sukan/'^''

of his court received one maund, and thus in proportion, he.^

dilliributed

live

and

horfes,

i-'-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAR

29
Hi^r'-il*

The Mogul

^bi^ifj^s.

converts in his

he ordered them

pleafure,

army having incurred

Some of them engaged

to be all dilcharged.

themfelvcs in the fervice of the Omrahs, but the greater

mained
relent

at

Delhi

in

number

He

however

reiiiained

fome daring fellows among them, forced by

ob-

their iif-

entered into a confpiracy to murder the King.

His inhuma- fortunes,

re~

hopes that the Sultan would

great diftrefs, in

by feeing their wretched poverty.

durate, and

his dif-

This plot

nity to the

Mogul mer-

being difcovered, the Sultan, inflead of punifliing the confpirators,

He

extended his inhuman rigour to the whole body.

all

to be inflantly put to the fword

unhappy wretches

lay

dead

their wives and children

and

vindidlive, that

fo that fifteen

The

no one durft attempt

conneded they might

them

thoufand of thofe

of Delhi in one day.

in the ftreets

were enflaved.

ordered

All

Sultan was fo inexorable

however nearly

to conceal,

be, any of the unfortunate Moguls, fo that not

one of them efcaped.

His pride and

The King,

magificencc.

elevated

by

good fortune, gave himfelf over to

his

j^g liflened to no advice, as he fometimes condefcended to do

pj.jjg_

in the beginning of his reign, but every thing

Yet the empire never

irrevocable word.

and magnificence
baths,

vate buildings

raifed her
fpires,

head in the land.

forts,

feemed to

and

rife,

as

all

much

flouriflied fo

Order and juftice travelled to the mofl

this reign.

verfities,

was executed by

as in

diftant provinces*

Palaces, mofques, uni-

manner of public and

the univerfities.
firft

ul

In poetry.

rank.

dien Damifki.

Nizam

In

Amir Chufero and Chaja Haffen

philofophy and phyfic,

In divinity,

Molana

dien Awlia acquired

Shatabi.

much

fame.

known

in the world.

Delavi

Molana Buddir

ul

In aftrology, Shech

Others diftinguifhed

themfelves in mufic, morality, languages, and in

then

men

Forty five Ikilled in the fciences were profefTors in

all parts.

held the

pri-

by the power of enchantment,

neither did there in any age appear fuch a concourfe of learned

from

his

all

o^,-,',r,r.r.^

the

l^ije

arts

'

But

mm
when

'But

HTSTORY OF

HINDOiS.TS\IS^

the Sultan feemed t have carried tvery thing .M;dbc**^I^-

heighth of perfedion, and to

'

once adopted every meafure that evidently tended

fabrick

which he had

intirely into the

He

raifed.

wi(hes,

their extent ?of hi?

refigned

hands of Malleck Cafoor,

Omrahs, and fpread

face of the people.

dren,

who were

let

He

whom

him

when

impolitic

he blindly fup-

This gave

univerfal difcontent over the

own

neglected the education of his

chil-

when very young, and inChizer Chan was made viceroy of

out of the feraglio

truded with independant power.

Chitor

at Hii

of government

ported in his moft impolitic and tyrannical adtions.

great difguft to the

all

to fubvert the great

reins

tlie

he

without any perfon of wifdom to advife

as yet a boy,

or to fuperintcnd his condadt, while Shadi Chan, Mubarick

Chan and Shab

ul

dien Chan, his other fons, had

appointments

of the fame important nature.

The

about this time,

Raja of Tilling,

twenty elephants to the King, with a

letter,

the tribute which he had agreed to pay

leck Cafoor,

was ready

defired lesve

which had

who had

in

and

him

that

informing

his treaty

of the King, to make another

fallen due, but

prefents

with Mal-

Malleck Cafoor,

be paid.

promiling that he would,

Decan,

jedion.

to

fome

fent

upon

expedition into

this,

the

not only colled: the revenues

^^^^^^
propofes
an expedition
to the

Decan,

bring the Raja of Deogire and others,

with-held their allegiance and tribute, under due fub-

He was

principally

moved

to this

Ctiah, the declared heir to the empire,

convenient for that expedition

arid

by

his jealoufv

of Chizer

whofe government lay moft

whom

he feared the Sultan in-

tended to fend.

The

Sultan confented to Cafoor's propofal, and he accordingly

proceeded the fourth time to the Decan. with a great armv.

'
_

feized the Raja of Deogire, and

inhumanly put him

to death

He reduces
then

ravaging the countries of Mahrat, Connir, Dabul, Giwil, Raijore

P P

j,,^

""'^

an d

it.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

292
A.

D.'i^i^ and Mudkil, took

Higcr.

7\zr

Deoeire.
He raifed the tri*

bute from the Rajas of Tilling and the Carnatic, and in the year

up
^

his refidence at

712, difpatchcd the whole to the Emperor,

eiri

TTheKmg

lo bo^fiivnoo hsrma)

nThc

Sultan

.n^t'^v

by this time, by

his

intemperance

and was taken extremely

rpined his conftitution,

the feraglio,

in

His

ill.

Mallecke Jehan and her fon Chizer Chan, negledted him

and fpent

their

time

in riot

He

tp the King's diforder.

the Decar\, and Alip

wife

entirely,

and revelry, which added new llrength

therefore ordered Malleck Cafoor from

He

Chan from Guzerat.

told

them

in private

of the unpolitic, undutiful and cruel behaviour of his wife and fon,
Malleck Ca-

Cafoor,

foor afpirei to
the throne,

began

He,

who had

ferioully to

form fchemes

for the extirpation of the royal line.

the King,

for this purpofe, infmuated to

that Chizj:j|^h^n,.

Mallecke Jehan and Alip Chan had confpired againft his

gave colour to this wicked accufation was, that

Jehan foUicited the Sultan

Pi

ts

againft

to get

own

{leal into his breaft,

to continue

till

and ordered Chizer Chan

follies

made a deep impreflion on

a private

vow, that

would return
bis

father's

all

the

if

God

way

on. foot.

turned this
behaviour,

to nothing but hypocriiy,

coming without

to

Mallecke

this

circumftance

Ararohe, and there

Though Chizer Chan

command of his father
at his departure,

fliould fpare the life

When

at Delhi.

The traitor Cafoor

He infinuated that his

this

mind, and

health began to return,

waited upon him

imputed

of youth,
hi5

What

at length fuffered fufpicion to

he himfelf fhould recover.

was mad with the

at this time,

improve

fail to

The King

advantage.

life.

one of Alip Chan's daughters for her

Shadi Chan. This traitor did not

to his

now

before afpired, in his mind, to the empire,

of

he made

his father,

he accordingly heard that

he performed his vow,

and

'bmnfl lo.Wi.l ni ao)

filial

he

arij

piety entirely againft Chizer.

byfucha fudden change, could be

and urged his difobedience,

his father's leave, pretending, at the

fame

by

t;me,, thajt
,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

he was

with the Omrahs, about kindlin? a rebellion in^^^^- ^^^^A

H.ger. ji^i^l
f
The Sultan could not give entire credit to thefe infinu-

intrisuino;
o
o

cte& Em{)ire.

He fent

ations.

Chan into his prefence, embraced him

and feeing him weep, feemed convinced of his

for Chizer

to- try his affeflion,

and ordered him into the Seraglio, to fee his mother and

fincerity,

him

He

deviate again into his former wild amufements.

for feveral days to vifit his father

^y

own

bribed over to his

upon them

called

made

for this Prince, the flights of his youth

But unhappily

fifters.

S"p|^3^,'^

negledled

during which time his fubtle ene-

and

intereft th^ Sultan's private fervants,

He

to witnefs his afpeiflons againft Chizer.

at.

length, by a thoufand. wiles and ftratagems, accompli{hed. his pur?pofc,

and prevailed upon the King to imprifon his two fons Chizer wlio'n

Chan and Shadi Chan,

He

the old crtadeL

Aliph Chan,
\j1

atf

who was

mother

in the fort of Gualier, and their

the fame time procured an

order to

unjuftly put to death, and his brother

who a^imed

Thus
ceft;'

now

Btit

flame, kindling

the

fire

at

firfl:

fchemes advanced

AhpChan
death.

defeated

In the

cers over the

the fon in

l.av

number of the
Alia

ill

Guzerat into

but the

him with

mean time

in the direfl road

forces-

a general

of fuc-

infurredtion.

Dif^u

topire.

1 he

commanded by

the

great flaughter, and put

friends

him

to a cruel

the Subaof Chitor threw the Sultan's

;

of

offi-

while Hirpal Deo,

of Ramdeo, ftirred up the Decan to arms, and took a

Sultan's garrifons.

own

upon receiving
flefh,

ftrengtheri his diforder,

this intelligence, could

in refentment.

which would

do nothing The

His grief and rage ferved to

yield to

no power of medicine.

On.
4

in-cs

Cumal'ul dien Currik thither

wall, and aflumed independence

dien,

but bite his

Car--

which had long been fmothered, began

Sultan, to fupprefs this rebellion, fent

With' a greararmy

feize

b35piIIot cBiis^

his -place.

far the traitor's

'

in,^"

Nizam-

dien,,Subaof Jallore, was alTallinated by Seid Cummal.ul.dien

rick,

]nw-'f

SuUan

THE

294
Higler

IirSTORY OF HIKDOSTAN.

evening of the fixth of Shawal, in the year 716, he gave up that

-Vb^

life,

which, like

comet, had fpread terror and dcfolation, through

an aftoniflied world
the villain

whom

bat not without fufpicion of being poifoncd by

he had

raifed

from the

duft: to

power.

He

reigned

twenty years and fome months.

Hischr.rafler,

great

upon the government and policy of Alia

look

If

King

our view.

arifes to

we behold his hands, which are

Had he come by better means to

If

red, an inexorable tyrant appears.

'

"

throne, his abilities deferved

^tlie

waded through blood

to the end.

of his foul, and from

it

Had

and rapine.

it

well

but he began in cruelty, and

Ambition was the favourite paflion

fprung forth like branches,

fortune placed

him

that flame

was

to pafs

through the world, his

He

a ftorm, mull: have been marked with ruin.

warrior,

to

the

title

but in whatever

tradt,

of

like that

had fome right

as a

but thefe two Princes

refembled one another in nothing but in fuccefs and bravery.

The

the latter was dark and

rude.

firft

was

poliflied

They were both

and generous,
magnificent,

amounted

to

and each of them might conquer

The

fervants of his houfehold

feventesn thoufand, and his

pomp, wealth and power

the world, and could

--onvo

of Secunder Sani

injuftice, violence,

on high, his glory would

at firft

not perhaps be tarnifhed with meannefs and deceit

way

ul dien, a

command

it.

^was never equalled by any Prince

who

fat

before

him on

the throne

of Hindoftan.

lii

bat

-ic

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

SECTION
of Shab ul dien

The Reign

295

XIV.

Omar ben

Alla ul

Sultan

DIEN ChILLIGIE.

the hiftorv of Sidder Tehan of Guzerat,

we are informed

that the ^- ^- '3'^l-J'g.er.

day after the death of Suhan Alia

ul dien,

Malleck Cafoor alTemr

bled the Omrahs, and produced a fpurious teftament of the deceafed

King, in which he had appointed Shab

his fuccelTor, and
afide the right

the youngeft fon,

ul dien,

of primogeniture in the perfon of Chizer Chan, and

Shab

ul dien then, in the feventh year of his age,

was placed on the throne, and Cafoor began

firft

ftep
^

Cufoor himfelf regent, during his minority, fetting

the other princes.

The

7 6.

Shab uldien
placed upon
the throne by

which the

traitor took,

to fend a perfon to Gualier,

Chan and Shadi Chan.

was

His orders were

Prirxes.

and the Sultana Malleke Jehan was put into

Mubarick Chan, the

clofer confinement, and all her wealth feized.

third fbnof Alla,

Cafoor's cruelty to the

to put out the eyes of Chizer

inhumanly executed

was

his adminiftration.

alfo

taken into cuflody, with an intention to

have his eyes put out, like his unhappy brothers.

There

is

ridicule in

what we

are to relate.

T.ri

eunuch, married the mother of Shab

wife.

Cafoor,' though
5

ul dien, the

But the mother of Mubarick Shaw, Alla

wife, having heard that the regent intended

her fon, acquainted Shech

Ni/am

ul dien

a.n
>

Emperor's third
^
ul

dien's

fecond

to put out the eyes

^
c
Lafoor,
tno
^"

>

marries one

of

'i^e

Sui-

of

of her intelligence, and he

gave her fome hopes that the threatened misfortune fhould be prevented.

Malleck Cafoor,

in the

mean

time, to cloak his wicked defigns, Serdno

put

young King every day upon the throne, and ordered the of
M^^tS
-:.^TT0 7,
2.
nobks
placed the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

296
A. D. 1311.
Higi-T.

716.

He

nobles to pay their refpeds, as ufual, to the Emperor.

^

night feme

aflafiins to

cut off

Mubarick Shaw

but

he conjured them

tered the apartment of the Prince,

fiUher,

one

fent

whofe fervants they were; then untying

when

to
a

they en-

remember
firing

his

of rich

jewels from his neck, which perhaps had more influence than his

he gave

intreaties,

purpofc

but quarrelling

had got out,

They immediately abandoned

about the divifion of the jewels, when

them.

it

was propofed

it

guards, and acquaint

to carry

them

their

they

to the chief of the foot-

him of what the Prince had

faid,

and of their

ii^^rudions, from Malleck Cafoor.

confpiracy

fhe

who owed

Mubifliir *,

every thin? to the favour of the

...

againft Ca_

deceafed King, was Hiocked at the villainy of Cafoor, and finding

ioor.

fame fentiments, he immediately formed

his people of the

a confpi-

racy againft the tyrant, and accordingly he and his lieutenant, the

entered

Bufliier,

his apartment,

in

few hours, and

him, with fome of the principal eunuchs,

He

ij

aflafli-

This happened

intereft.

thus the world was

Mubarick

Chan

When, with

afcends

the throne,

rid

who were

affaflinated

attached to his

thirty-five days after the King's death,

of a monfter too horrid to

and

among mankind.

exifl:

the return of day, the tranfacflions of the night

be"
_

came

public, they gave general fatisfailion.

releafed

from

his

confinement,

placed in his hand.

and had the

He however

throne, but ated for the fpace of

for his brother,

He

till

Mubarick Chan was

reins

of government

did not immediately afllime the

two months,

as

regent or vizier

he had brought over the Omrahs to his

intereft.

then claimed his birthright to the diadem, depofed his brother,

and acceded

to the imperial dignity.

But, according to the barba-

rous cuftom and policy of thofe days, he deprived Shab ul dien of his
eyes, and

borne the

confined
title

* Chief or

him

for life in the fort

of Gualier, after he had

of King for three months and fome days.

commander of

the foot-guards

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The Reign

of

XV.

Cuttub ul dien Mubarick Shaw ChilLIGE.

UPON

the feventh of Mohirrim, in the year feven hundred

A;!'- '3'7
Higer. 717

and feventeen of the Higera, Mubarick Shaw mounted the

The

throne.

the imperial dignity,

manly put

who had

Mubifliir

to death

they prefumed too

as alfo the Bufhire,

were ungratefully and

much upon

the fervices they had done him.

by

this bafe action

meafure, appears by his immediately difperfing

command,

\inder their

them

all

by

his fears,
all

the old Peons

railing foihe

among

of his

the

Mahummud

Moula, the

of Shere Shaw, and Molana Zea

the

title

title

ul dien, that

He

v^^as

who
Mu-

of Ziffcr Promotions

of Sidder Jehan.

In

councillors of

of rags

feller

of Chufero Chan, and through the

King's unnatural affeilion for him, became the greateft

empire.

fome

Sultan's uncle, received the name^^'^^'^'^'*

mean time Malleck Kerabeg was made one of the

Guzerat, received the

is

flaves to that dignity.

the Durbar; and Haflen one of his flaves, the fon of a

at

It

Omrahs, but hedif-

Malleck Dinar Shenapil, was dignified with the

Chan.

as, in

into different parts of the country.

barick began to difpenfe his favours

gufted

tOMubardc's

hihu-^^p.^'^'^^^^j^

by his orders, under no better pretence than that

probable he was inftigated to

w?re

him

faved his Hfe, and raifed

appointed to the

command

man

in the

of the armies of Mal-

leck Cafoor and Shadi Chan, and at the fame time to the honour of
the'Vizarit, without

any one good quality to recommend

him

to

thofe high employs.

The
his

Sultan,

whether

late fituation,

Vol.

I.

to

ordered

afTe(fl

all

popularity, or in

remembrance of

the prifons to be opened,

Q^q

i',,^

g.,,^^^

by which [^^.[^^J'

means

P^i^""

THE HISfORY OF HmpOSTAN.

298
A. D. 1317.

means fcventeen thoufand were

Iliger. 717.

with the light of day, and!

blefl*ed

He

the exiles were by proclamation recalled.

nil

to give to th<i

many, other
give free

fome of

army

a pi'efent of fix

He

private benefits.

accefs

to

their taxes

but by too

months pay, and conferred upon

ment, diforder and tumult

He

much

arofe,

and

Thefe

lufl:.

ifiTued

petitioners of

the

eafed

orders to

relaxing the reins of govern-

which threw down

He

the great fabrick raifed by Alia ul dien.

to wine, revelry,

fame time

at the

petitioners^.

all

then commanded,

gave himfelf up entirely

became

vices

to the ground^

falhionable at court,,

from whence the whole body of the people were foon infedted*
Cureratre-

Mubarick,

in the

firfl:

army under the

year of his reign, fent an

<?uteJ.

command of Ain
rat,

which had

tation.

He

fettled the

Moultani was

revolted.

Omrah

an-

of great repu-

foon defeated the infurgents, cut off their chiefs, and',

upon

Ziffer

Ziffer

rebels,

The King

conferred the government"

Chan, whofe daughter he had taken

Chan foon

capital of Guzerat,

the

Mulluck Moultani, into the province of Guze-

country in peace.

of Guzerat
riage.

ul

after

marched

his

army

in

mar-

to Narwalla, the

where fome difturbances had happened, reduced-

confifcated

their

and

eflates,

fent

their

moveable-

wealth to the King.

Mubanck
Dccaa!'^^

re-

Mubarick Shaw,
army,

in the fecond year of his reign,

and marched towards the Decan,

fon in law of

Ramdeo,

Vv'ho,

by the

to chaftife Hirpaldeo,

afllftance

the Decan, had recovered his country.

The

appointed Shahin-, -the fon of a

whom

flave, .to

raifed a great

the

of the other Rajas of

Sultan at his departure

he gave the

Offa Beg, governor of Delhi, during his abfence.

When

title

he

of

arrived-

near Deogire, Hirpaldeo and the other Rajas, v/ho were then befieging the place, fled.

But fome Omrahs being ordered

purfue

to

Hirpaldeo, he was brought back prifoner, flead alive and beheaded.

His head was

fixed above the gate of^ his

own

capital.

The

Sultaa

ordered

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

orderea nis garrifons to be re-eflabli(hed as far as the

He

remains.

flill

leck Ecklikki, one of his father's flaves, to

in imitation

Malleck Affid

began

part of his

confpiraq\

king or commander,

This plot however was difcovered by one of the

Mubarick had found proofs

Oualier, and

Decan.

thoughts of the empire, and formed a confpiracy

confpirators, and Aflid nl dien

we

in the

grand uncle, feeing the King a

and negligent of all the duties of

againfl: his life.

command

to Delhi.

nl dien, fon to the Sultan's

to entertain

eonfpiracy,

Higer. 718.

then appointed Mal-

him towards Malbar, with

army, then returned himfelf

built \.

gave his catamite Chufero CI>an the

of his father,

enfigns of royalty, fending

daily drunk,

and

'

a mofquein Deogire, which

He,

fea,

was condemned

...

thAt his brothers

cannot learn, but

t/iefe

murdered, and the

Whether

to death.

at that

were concerned

time he fent an

in this

aflaflin

to The

Sultan'^j

cruelty.

two unfortunate blind princes were inhumanly

fair

Dewilde brought

to the royal

Haram.

himfelf in quiet poireffion of all the kingdoms of'^^^^-'^P^Mubarickfindin?

^
^

^
Tor abandons
Hindoftan, abandoned thofe popular manners which he at firft iiitnfeif to
affeded, and
Ipifing

all

grew

counfel,

perverfe, proud, vindictive,

ill

treating

all

his friends,

and tyrannical, de-

and executing every

thing, however bloody or unjuft, by his obflinate, blind, arbitrary

will.

Ziffer

Chan, Suba of Guzerat, among others,

his tyranny, as alfo Offa Beg,

upon

whom

in fhort, in every vice that can taint the

<iefcended fo far
like a

common

at the houfes

from the royal character,

proftitute,

as

At

He

was

infa-

human mind, and

to drefs" himfelf often

and go with th^ public

of the nobility.

a vicflim to

he had heaped fuch fa-

vours, without any plaufible pretences againft either.

mous,

fell

women

to dance

other times he would lead a gang

of thofe abominable proftitutes flark naked along the terraces of the

royal palaces, and

make them

play their fountains upon the

Q^q

Omrahs
as

every /pccics
of vice

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

503
A, D. 1318.

Thefe and lucb other

as tlidv 'Entered the court.

ties,

vices

dnd ind^eon*

too fliocking to mention, were the conftant amiifcments of this

monfteiv in the form of man.

Several infur-

qualhed.

After the death of Ziffer Chan, Mifl*am ul dien, lincle to Chufero

Chan,

who was

the deteflable

alfo

flave,

one of the Suhan's catamites,

obtained the regency of Guzerat, where he had

not been ellabhfhed long,

he rebelled

in

till,

but the other

in the abfence of

confederacy with a few Omrahs,

Omrahs of Guzerat

rifing in

arms, defeat-

ed him, and fent him prifoner to Delhi, where he was not only
doned, but permitted to refume his place in the King's favour

time news arrived,

this

Decan, had

rebelled.

infurredion,

Malleck. Ecklikki,

that

The

Sultan fent a great

who found means

adherents, and to fend

them

Mai-,

leek Odgi ul dien Tourefhi being fent to Guzerat in his ftead.

par?-

About

governor of the

army

to fupprefs that

and his principal

to feize the rebel

to Delhi,

where Malleck Ecklikki had

were put

to the torture.

his ears cut off, and the others

Ain

ul

Mai-

leek Moultani was advanced to the viceroyfhip of the Decan.

Chufero Chan,

who had gone

He plundered the country

a perfedl
Chufero

Chan

afpires

amount.

to the throne, j-q

diamond of 168

Omrahs of

For

this

Malbar, flayed there about one

his

year.*-

of ahout one hundred and twenty elephants/

Ruttys,- with other jewels

His ambition was increafed by

afpire to the throne.

the

to

Not being

and gold,

his wealth,

to a great

and he began

able to join to his intereft any of

army, he formed the rpeans of

their defl:rud;ion.

purpofe he called Malleck Tilbigha from the government

of the ifland of Koohe, Malleck

Timur and Malleck Mulihe AfFghan,

who

and gave out that he had orders to

were on

different fervices,

return to Delhi.

difobeyed his

Thefe Omrahs having intelligence of

commands, and wrote

his intentions,

a remonftrance to the Sultan^-

accufmg Chufero Chan of confpiracy againft the

flate.

The

Sultan,

on

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

on thU, ordered them

him and

to feize

which accordingly they found means

before the King, he pleaded

blamed

his accufers

his

innocence fo artfully, and

with fuch plaufibilrty of truth, that the Sultan

believing the whole proceeded from the

manded by

prlfoner to Delhi,

But when he came

to execute.

own

his

him

fend

difgurt:

he recalled them

favourite,

of their being com-^

and notwithftanding

they gave undoubted proofs of their afTertrons, the Sultan was de-

termined

nothing againfl this

to liden, to

noured them,

cpnfifcated

poverty and the world/

their

all

The

other

He

vile catamite.

turned

eflates,

Omrahs

didio-

them out

to

feeing that the enemies

of 'Chufero Chan, right cr wrong, were devoted to deftruftion, the

men

among them made

exeufes, and obtained

leave to retire to diftant parts of the empire:

while the abandoned

to

of the befc principles

all

who was now

honour, joined themfelves to the catamite,

well as the

objedl of univerfal dread, as

promotion.

This Have,

in

mean

the

fource of

time,

all

benefits

cherifhed

his

ambitious views, and began again to form meafures for his

the

and

own cHufero
own Jign!.^

advancements

To

aceompllfh his purpofe, he told the King,

and fervices had been

fidelity

warded, and

as

of his military

were

feditious

he might
affairs,

his

Majefty

as his

own

generoufly re-

fo

have occafion for .them in the conducE

to call

to his

fome of

commands, he begged

The

that

he

from Guzerat, in

his relations

he could more certainly confide."

requeft;

That

while the Omrahs, from the pride of family,

and difobedient

might be permitted

whom

ftill

by

*'

Sultan agreed to this

and Chufero Chan fent a great fum of money by fome of

his agents to Guzerat,

who

colledted about twenty thoufand of the

dregs of the people, and brought

of profit and

bouad them,

truft
faft

to

were

them

conferred upon

Chufero's

intereft

to

Delhi.

thofe

and

Every place

vermin,

alfo

upon

which
all

tha

villain^, s

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

302
A. D.I 520

about the

villains

city,
wii6''we?c
^

Higer. 7ZO.

Remarkable for

their bolcSnels

and addrefs.

^hc

Confpircs a-

buiwn']

SuUaii,

^ P^' ^^^^

ill

the

formed

mean

time,

to afTafTinate

going to hunt towards Jirfaya,

him. But this was laid afidc, on

among

account of fome difference in opinion

the confpirators

and

therefore they refolved to perform their tragedy in the palace.

The

Sultan returned to Delhi, and, according to cuftom, gave himfelf up

Chufero Chan was

to his debaucheries.

warm

in his projeft,

and

Mubapalace,
The

took the opportunity of a favourable hour to beg leave of

of the

rick to entertain his friends in the outer court

Sultan not only confented, but iflued orders, to give

at all

times

them

free accefa

by which means the courts of the palace became

crouded with thofe vermin.

The

Sijitan

I;i

the

mean

informed of ,
the plou
in aftrology,

though upon

own judgment and

ground.

King,"

the better eftabli(hed

make

infatua.

'*

faid he,

ran into the prefence and kiffcd the

Chufero Chan

if

otherwife, caution

The

enquiry into that

with

affair:

and

all

is

neceffary,, bet^iufe life

Sultan fmiled at the old

man,

and told him,, he would

the affedationsof a girl.

a verfe

The

Sultan

upon
'^ If

to this effedl.

him

beloved were guilty often thoufand crimes, one fmile from

I

forget

did forget

all

them

He

all."

that the Cafi

then embraced Chufero, and adlually

had

faid.

piclous of ireafori,
red:,

concerting means

while inftantly Chufero Chan entered

feeing the infamous catamite, repeated

my

is

If this (hould prove falfe his honefty will be

been one of his preceptors,

in a female drefs,
Kis

ftars,

the moft ineftimable jewel."

who had

who was famous for his flcill

we imagine, he confulted his

ul dien,

this occafion,

not the

for your affaffination.

is

Zea

time, Cafi

but walked out about midnight, to

fee

he could not go to

whether the guards were

watchful.

THE HISTORY GF PHNDOSTAN.

In their rounds, he met Mundule, uncle to Chufcro

watchful.

A. D. 1321.

Chan

who

engaged him in converfation.

came behind him, and with one

In the

meantime, one Jaherba

ftroke of a fword, flretched

the ground, having only ftrength to cry out,

Murder and
him, run

treafon. are

up

by the

confpirators,

The
in his

!"

while two fervants

him upon

who

Treafon

attended

The

aflaffinated.

but they were inftantly, attacked

in confufion,

ftarted

own

foot

Treafon

fcreaming aloud, that the Cali was

off,

guards

their

on

*'

Hioer. 721.
fhe old C;ia

and maffacred before they could prepare

fo^*

who

lay

defence.

Sultan alarmed

by the

noife,

the caufe of

apartment,

afked Chufero Chan,

The

it.

and going out on the terrace, flood

told the King, that

for

fome of the horfes

enquire,

villain arofe to

feme time, and returning'

belo

nging

had

to the guard,

broke loofe from their picquets, and were fighting, while the people

were endeavouring to

tan for the prefcnt

but foon

This

lay hold of them-.

fatisfied

the Sul-

the conlpirators having afcended

after,

the Aairs, and got upon' the terraces which led to the royal fl'eeping

apartment, they were flopped by Ibrahim and

porters of the private chambers,

fword.

men

The

fo near

whom

him,

rofe

efcape,

up

in great

ruflied

Sultan being the ftronger

terror

and confufion,

the

clofe

till

him

for

in his hair,

fearing thc

threw

proclaiming the deed aloud to thofe below.

is-'li/.

J'^LOl

i^y

The

fome tfme.
j

J.ix- -

it

hut

catne, ai>d with a

down

'^nitat;

^'^^''"^f

he could by no means difen-

fome of the other confpliators

JUi Ij

Chan

him, and fcizing him

after

flroke of a fabre, cut off his head and

iuLt,U'^

C hufero

running

man, threw Chufero on the ground

he had twifled his hand

gage himfelf,

all

Sultan hearing the clafh of arms and groans of dying

the hair in the gallery, ftruggled with

as

with

they immediately put to the

towards the Haram, by a private paflage.

he might

Ifliaae,

into the court,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

"^^^^ confpirators in
iiijcr 7V1''

the court below, began to be hard prcfled

who had

the guards and the fervants,

upon hearing of the

general

thc^pai!cc"

The

confpirators then fhut the gates and maffacred

particularly the

Alia ul dien, Feredoon Chan, Ali

the poor

Thus

^P"
tan

J^^S"'-

of Alia

all

who had

not

younger children of

Then

manner of violence upon

all

women.

God

the vengeance of

overtook and exterminated the race

Shaw, and the ftreams

to Firofe
for his ingratitude

ul dien,

death.

quarters, but

Chan and Omar Chan.

breaking into the Haram, committed

Reflcaions

all

Sultan's fate, they all haflened out of the palace.

S^^*^ fortune to efcape

^^^^

crouded from

by

puniflied

which flowed from

blood

of innocent

Heaven

hands.

his

Mubarick Shaw, whofe name and reign

are too

alfo

infamous

the records of literature;

did not our duty as a

biflorian, oblige us to this difagreeable talk.

But notwithftanding,

to have a place in

we

have, in

fome

places,

been obliged to throw the

of oblivion

veil

over circumftances too horrid to relate.

This maffaere happened on the

r

r-x.

mounts the

72

In the

niountcd

tlie

fifth

of Ribi

ul

Awil, in the

morning Chufero Chan, furrounded by

throne, and ridiculoufly affumed the

3'ear

his creatures,

title

of Nafir ul

:throne.

He
Mubarick Shaw, who

dien, or the fupporter of religion.

then ordered

and fervants of

he

fpark of honefly, to be put

to be fold for flaves.

to death,

all

thought had

and th

ir

the flaves
the'

wives and children

His brother was dignified with the

Chan Chanan, and married

to

lead

title

of

one of the daughters of Alia ul dien,

while he took Dewilde, the widow of Mubarick Shaw, to himfelf.

He

difpofed of

all

the other ladies

of the Seraglio

among

his

beg-

'1^^ friends.
garly

The army now remained

than

a revolution

to

be bribed,

for they h?.d always,

who

loved nothing better

upon fuch an occaflon, a donation

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

of

rsfition

This

months pay immediately divided from the

fix

bought thofe

trifle

3^5

dilTolute flaves,

who were

trcauiry.

loft to all fenfe

of

t!ie

gratitude or honour.

The

Kimmerah Kimar, the chief of a gang of thieves, retitle of Azim Malleck Shaifta Chan, and was made Ariz

Mumalick, while Ain

Amir

pointed
title

Malleck became

ul

Omrah

ul

army

to

his incercft.

fon of

ceived the

132''
Hirer. 721.
Bnnj/s over

AHm

Malleck Fuchir

*.

Hono

:rs

con-

Lpon
Jhe'^coXira3nlpira

Chan, and was apdien Jonah had the

ul

of Chufero Chan, and the appointment of mailer of the horfc,

many

with

other diftingulfliing favours, with

Ghazi

over the allegiance of his father,

and Debnlpoor, of

whom

an intention to gain

Pvlalleck,

governor of Lahore

the ufurper was in great fear.

Notuith-

ftanding his promotion, Fuchir ul dien Jonah was touched to the

fee

foul, to

the empire ridden by a

who was

alfo,

days,

reckoned

was difcontented

man of great

at

He

bravery and honour in thofe

acquainted his fon of his purpofe,

opportunity to

firft

His father

villains.

the infamous proceedings at court, and

roufed himfelf to revenge.

and he took the

gang of

fiv

from Delhi and

join

his

ufurper was in great perplexity upon the flight of Jonah, and

began already to give his hopes to the wind.

diately prepare.! for hoftilities, and

Omrahs

to join his ftandard,

;

of precedence, refufed

to join;

jiate

fome note

in

great

Ghazi Malleck immeletters, invited all

many Subas put

the

their troops

but Mogulti the Suba of Moultan, jealous

immediately in motion

a chief of

by circular

upon which occafion, Eyram

thofe parts, was prevailed

upon

bah,

to afTafli-

him.

Malleck Ecklikki, Saba

of

Samana, notwithflanding the ufur-

per had been the occaMon of his lofing his ears, tranfmitted the
letter

of Ghazi Malleck to court, informing him of the rebellion, and

* Captain General.

Vol. L

"'''^

ufiirper.

father.

The

^'J^^^f^fj

taking

TH^'friiraitv di? hindosta^jM

306
A.

D.I

The

321.

Siib.i

of

taGn^
and

in his flight to Delhi,-

The

to pieces.

ftatcJ.

a|"am^^Ae^ e'onfedm

th'e^^fielS'

Chan, with

-'/'''"'

all

was

fallen

a 'fenal defeat.

upon by the Zemind'ars and cut

Chan Chanan

ufurpcr fent

on whorh he could depend,

agalnft the confederates.

'

Ghazi Malleck, now joined by Byram Ibah, with the army from

GhaztMal-

Other Subas, advanced to meet the ufurper's army,

tiieVfurpt'r's

and

niarct es

vs'hich

to

the banks of the

he did upon
^

Ghazi Malleck were experienced

Delhi.

ai Tiv,

and Suft

his brother,

Sirufti.

in frequent

But

as the troops
*

of

wars with the Moguls,

and tholb of Chufero enervated by indolence and debaucheries, and.

befides, loft to all fenfe of military honour, they
onfet,

firft

and

all

the public

treafure, elephants

This booty was divided in the

taken.

They

r/ihs

ufurper, in great embaraffment,

pofleffion of a ftrong poft near
citadel in his rear,

He

at

and baggage

among

marched out of the

the

w^ere-

the conquerors.

The

then continued their march in triumph towards Delhi.

Chu'ero
dty.^

field

were broke

city,

the great pond of Alahi,

and many gardens with high walls in

and took.
with

the:

his front..

then pened the treafury, and gave three years pay to his troops-

which he

leaving nothing. but the jewels, of fome of

The

confederates advancing in

But that night, Ain

morning.
forces

fight,
ul

an adion was expeded next

Muluck Moultani drew

from the ufurper, and took the rout of Mindu.

<^reat terror into

of battle

Chufero's army.

alfo difpofed.

They however

drew,

off his-

This ftruck

up

in ofder

and Malleck Tilbigha and Shaifta Chan oppofing the

confederates with great bravery, as they advanced through the lane>V

were

at

length overpowered and

llain.

But

their fituation gave fuch

advantages to the ufurper's army, that they maintained tbcir Jpolt

till

He
thro

is

over

the evening

Vv'hen the

frienoG towards Jilput.

".t"kenj

j^j,^

^^^^

infamous Chufero

1 the

way he was

fled

with a few of his

deferted

by

all

obliged to conceal himfelf in a tomb, from

his at-

whence

he was dragged the next day, and ordered to be put to death, together with his brother, who was taken in a neighbouring garden.

The

THE HISTORY OF HlNlDOSTAN.

..The day
raj"is,,aQd

after this

adion, being; the

magiftrates of the city

of Shaban,

firfl:

came

pay their

to

in fight of the palace of a thoufand

jnr with a loud voice

"

you,-

from oppreflion, and

rid the

God, have been crowned with

blefijng of

take-place, and that

we

weep, cry-

to

My

may

deliver

to.

am
you

Ghazi Mai
ration,

endeavours,

fjccefs.

them be brought,

his fervants

He

If therethat juflice

proftrate oarfelves be-

But if none of the race of Kings have efcaped the

fore his throne.

bloody hands of tyranny and ufurpation,

let

be ckdted among you, and

illuftrious order

your

fword

world of a mohfter.

fore any of the royal line remain, let

may

my

unflieathed

^- ^-

he came

vc fubiedrs of this great empire,

who

no more than one of

be began

pillars,

Om-

capital.

When

moynte.d, his horfe and entered Delhi in triumph.

the

refpefts to the

and made him a prefent of the keys of the

viilor,

by the

all

dK>ice.'*' T

the moft worthy of the

I fliall

fwear to abide by

^'

Hji

The people called

were now alive that
j

out with one voice,

as

that

none of the princes

he had (hielded them from the vengeance of

the Moguls, and delivered them from the rage of a tyrant, none

was

fo

worthy

to reign.

Then

feizing him, in a manner, by vio-

him upon the throne, and hailed him King of

the world. But he afiumed the more modeft title of Yeas ul dien. He mounts
or the reformer of the religion. The reign of Chufero Chan was !he ntme'of
lence, they placed

five

Nothing

months.

in hiftory can

exhibit fuch an example of

the diflblutc and infamous manners of any age or

are prefented with in the accounts of this

ufurpation.
iii

-la

iw

j.

jiu. juiM.i v:>rt>

/-/si

Ub ^6

nation, as

we

wicked and fhamefui

jlii'

rfjiv/ baft oioli/(^

b'l

-3goJ' .riuaij.oJ Jfuj

3d 01 bsiab.

ilr2

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK.

hnf,

SECTION
I

The Reign
A. D. 1321.

W? ^

;i5ib

i.

of Sultan Yeas ul dien Tuglick Shaw.

^^^^

true accounts of the pedigree of Tuglick

^'^s generally believed, that his father, whofe

Hifpedigree
unceiiain.

XVI.

b bsd

to; 3

Malleck Tuglick, had been,

mother was one of the

Shaw.

name was

in his youth, flave to Sultan Balin.

of the

tribe

His

But indeed the pedigrees

Jits.

of the Kings of the Patan empire, make fuch a wretched figure in hiftory, that

we

could wi{h to omit them, were

it

not to fliow

how

far

the depravity and corruption of a people can plunge them into the
fink of flavery,

A wife prince.

When
late

Sultan Yeas ul dien

vileft

of men.

mounted the throne, he began

the affairs of government,

diforder,

him

and fubjedt them to the

which had

to regu-

into the utmoft

fallen

by the moft falutary and advifeable methods, which gained

general efteem.

He

repaired the palaces

and

fortifications,

founded others, and encouraged induftry and commerce.

genius and learning were called to court

government

were eflabliOied and

inftitutes

Men

of

of laws and

founded upon the Coran, and

the antient ufages of the empire.

Promotion

at

Malleck Fuchir

ul

dien Jonah, the Sultan's eldeft fon, was dc-

Glared heir apparent, with the title of Aligh

enfigns conferred

upon him.

Chan, and

ail

His other four fons were

the royal
entitled

Byram Chan, Ziffer Chan, Mamood Chan, and Nuferit Chan.

Byram Ibali, who had fo effe<flually affifled him with the army from
Moultan, was adopted his brother, by the

title

of Chufero Chan,

and appointed viceroy of Sind, Outch and Moultan,

Malleck Aflid
.

ul

THE HISTORY OF

HINJ^.Q^T^J^.

,3^9

pi'ef*ence,
uldien, his nephew, was appointed Barbeg, or lord of the
and Malleck Baha ul dien, his other nephew, Ariz Mumalick. Mal-

was made

leck Shadi, the Emperor's brother and fon in law,

Malleck Burhan

him

ul dien

had the

vizarit

mean time Rationed

the

towards Cabul, and built

forts to

troops

upon the

frontiers droops

defend the country from the

fions of the Moguls, which he did fo

by

of Deogire conferred upon

and Tatar Chan the government of ZifFerabad.

The Emperor in

vizier.

\ac\jk-

J^ntS

effedtually, as not to be troubled^..^^^,,^

thefe invaders during his reign.

flati.

In the fecond year from his acceffion, Aligh Chan, ^Vith ibrt^e 'of

Aiigh

Chan

the old Omrahs, and the troops of Chlnderi, Eudaoon, and Malava, JJ^'SiAria-

was difpatched towards

kil,

who

Tilling, to chaftife Lidderdeo, Raja of Arin-

had, during the late difturbances, wrefted

his

neck from

the yoke, and refufed to fend his tribute, while the Raja of Deogire

had

alfo fvverved

from

into thofe countries,

Aligh Chan having advanced

his allegiance.

began a barbarous war with

fire

and fword.

Lidderdeo oppofed him with fome vigour, but was in the end obliged
to retreat into the city of Arinkil,

which Aligh Chan immediately

inverted.

The

fiege

was

carried

on with great

lofs

on both

fides,

till

the

walls were battered

Mahommedan

down, and

army,

in

the

pradllcable breach made.

mean

time,

The

on account of the hot

'winds and bad water, were feizcd with a malignant difi:emper, that

'^fwept hundreds to their graves every day.

return home, and fpread

falfc reporis

Many became defiroiis

to

through the canip, which threw

among the army. As there had been no admonth from Delhi, Shech Zuda Dimifkl, Obeid

univerfal confternation

vices for above a

-

the'poet, arid

fome

ethers,

^'^>'^

^^s^

Arinkil,

who were companions of Aligh Chan,

the history OF HINDOSTAN.

3to
A D.I 322.

raifed a rrport

and

by way of

revolution

that a great

^vith this, they

went

that Sultan Yeas ul dien

jeft,

had happened in Delhi.

Not content

of Malleck Timur, Mallcck

to the tents

Omrahs

the

flate

old

Omrahs,

of

in the

affairs at

camp, and

told

Mul

who were

Afghan, Malleck Cafoor Mordar, and Malleck Tiggi,

principal

was dead

the

them, fuch and fuch was

Delhi, and that Aligh Chan,

knowing them,

to have an equal right with himfelf to the empire,

as

had

refolved to difpatch them.

r.iiich

Thc Omrahs

by the

ihe'^Om'rahs

that night, with

i!n'i^.Ij"to

dcferted,

taili'.

giving implicit belief to this falfe information, fled

from camp.

their dependants,

all

was under the

Aligh Chan, thus

nccefTity of retreating in great diforder, to-

wards Deogire, whither he was purfued by the befieged, with great

flaughtsr.

well, and Aligh

army.
felves,

mean time advices

In the

The

four

Chan halted
Omrahs who

at

from Delhi, that

all

was

Deogire, to collecl his fcattered

fled,

had each taken a feparate

fallen upon"

arrived

among them-

having difagreed

rout,

by which means they were

by the Hindoos, plundered of

th'eir

elephants,' camels,

and baggage, and othefwife greatly harraffed in their rnarch.

Mal-

leck Tinlur and Malleck Tiggi were both

flain,

Mal

and Malleck Cafoor Were feized by their

own

prifoners to Deogire.

An

The Emperor

^^Q. "

alive "in jeft,

;

'Li:3i

of them

all

and 'br6hgKt^'

fefit priforrcrs

feve're

but that

h'e'

farcafm

they had buried

would bury them 'alrve

10^^qmd ')d^ bnn

aid vSt b^i^q-^in

back three thoufand horfc of

in

two months, however, male'greatpreparatiDps. and,

his

in good^ cat^

'

aahirj^^ib fhvr.

^n^ brought on-

ly

all

to"

falfe intelli^dncd

" That

Aligh. Chan was obliged to retreat from Uedgirc,

'

''

ordered the propagatdrs of the

to be buriedjalive, with this

him

troops,

enquiry'^ wa's rriade i'nto their condudti the

authors of the didurbance feized,' and

Delhi.

while Malleck

great ariny,

to-

Delhi.

He

\yith a

more

numerous

THE BlW^tCV d> HlNDOSTAN.

nJtfii^ou'S^rn^V^tlian

irt'BV'Way'this
piaCfe's,

of Bdair, on the frontiers of Tilling^

fiege,:;.

and

the' ithfoftunate

He

treafure, elephants,

new

reduced

otliQVj>

l[feevcc*piital^'^^['^,n5*^/^^

Somef

it.

md

'thoufands^^f^^K'''

Hindoos were 'maflacred, and^Lidderdeo,^|TCithr{

and

Aligh Chan

Upon

citadel,

the

fent

prifon^rs, tlieiflt

under charge of K-uddir^

to Delhi,

efFed:s,

Chan and Lhaja Hadgee.

in the

then advanced to

in a (hort time,

his family, taken prifoners.

made

of ArinklhcoHe froak^- l^fJ^f*

th^fbrfhen took'th

iviicre he-^Ieft-garrifons.

r^newed'the

of

city'

311

their arrival great

which the Sultan had

rejoicingst Avere

by the name

built,

of Tughlickabad.
.0 llU.j .'jOi,

ltnJ

Aligh Chan having appointed trufly Omrahs to govern the country

lerifcirfiO 9(1}

Takes Jage"^^""^

of Tilling, proceeded in perfon towards Jagenagur *.

he took forty elephants from the Raja, and

Returning then to Arinkil, he
his

march

ftaid there

fent

a few

In that place

them

to his father.

days, and continued

to Delhi.

In the beginning of the year 724, complaints arrived from

Luck-

nouti and Sonnargaum, of the great oppreffions committed by the

governors of thofe countries.

The

Sultan appointed Aligh

Chan

to

army, marched towards

the government of Delhi, and with a great
o
/

Bengal.

When

he had reached Nahibr^ Sultan Nazir

fon of Sultan Balin,

who had

remained

in that

^^^^ Suit^n

marches

government

fince the

death of his father, arrived in a relpedful manner, from Lucknouti,

with many valuable

prefents.

He was confirmed

in his

government

of Lucknouti, Sonnargaum, KLoru, and Bengal, andhonoured

royal dignities

When

and the Emperor prepared

he was paffing near the

.

parts appearing in arms,,

his

for his return.

iurhat.

he purlued him into the woods.

army could no longer continue the

* Now Cattack in OrifTa.

v;ith

of Turhat, the Raia of thofe

hills

purfliitj

to-

ul dien, the wards Ben-

Finding

he alighted, andcalling

THE HISTORY OF H^NDOSTAN.

ing for a hatchet, cut

The

down one of

troops upon feeing this, fot to

foreft

feemed

to vanidi before

work with fuch

them,

rounded with fcven ditches

full

itfhg" imr^ediately inverted

it,

own

the trees with his

that the

fpirit,

they 'iarrived at a fort fur--

til!

and began the

fiege,

'

weeks.

three

filled

Ke

When

Chan, and returned with

his fafe return.

had

to

theOmrahs of Delhi,

But

his death

The

The

tan,

and

Some

army towards Delhi.

to congratulate

was now approaching.

him upHis fon

houfe in three days time, for his father's

entertainment being over, the King was preparing

mount, and every body hartened out

him.

all

in that place raifed a

reception.

ofTur-

Emperor had reached Afghanpoor, he was met by

the

Aligh Chan, with

on

his

up the

took the

Raja, his family and wealth, and conferred the government

Ahmed

The

of water, and a high wall.

ditches, and broke dov^'n the wall in

hat upon

hand*

roof of the building

accompany

to be ready to

fell inrtantly in,

and killed the Sul-

of his attendants, as he was rifing to follov/ the Omrahs.

five

authors attribute this accident to the newnefs of the build-

motion of the elephants that were preparing without.

ing, and the

Others give

to defign,

it

with which

they charge Aligh Chan, as

the raifing this unnecelTary building feems indeed to indicate.

others afcribe

The

doubt.

Ribbi

fo

death of Tuglich

ul awil,

months.

to lightning

it

that the

matter

Shaw happened

But

remains

rtill

in the

in

month of

of the year 725, after a reign of four years and fome

Amir

Chufero,

who

lived

down

to the

end of

this Sultan's

reign, has favoured pofterity with his hiftory at large, by

which

it

appears, that he was a great and virtuous prince.

SECTION

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
TheKeign of

Sultan

313

XVIL

Mahummud

Yeas ul

the fon of

DIEN TUGHLICK ShAW.

AFTER

the King's funeral obfequies were performed,

Chanafcended the throne, by the

title

of Mahummud Shaw,

The

and proceeded from Tughlick Abad, to Delhi.

city

....

were ftrowed with flowers,

Tatar Chan,

fcattered

whom

among

of

^. p. ,^2^,
^,j|'j[

J^'/^.

that^^^^f^^j^;;^^'^''

the drums mud Sha*,

mounts the

The

beating, and every demonftration of joy exhibited.

him, which was

ftreets

the houfes adorned,

dered fome elephants, loaded with gold and

Aligh

filver,

Sultan or-

throne,

before and behind

the populace,

the Sultan's father had adopted, and appoint-

ed to the government of ZifFerabad, was

now honoured

with the

title

fjjs

^enew-

^"y*

of Byram Chan, and prefented with a hundred elephants, a crore of

golden rupees, two thoufand horfe, and the government of Bengal.

To Malleck Sinjer Buduchfhi, Mahummud gave

ToMalleck ulMuluck,
ceptor, forty lacks,

all

eighty lacks; and to

in

feventy lacks in

Molana Azid

Molana Nazir

one day.

ul

filver.

his pre-

dien Cumi-,

had an annual penfion of one lack, and Malleck Ghizni the poet
another to the fame amount.

His generodty,

in

{hort, v/as, like his wealth,

which no man could well account

the treafury upon his acceffion.

for,

without bounds>

there being ncr great

It is therefore

fum

in

probable that he had

concealed the riches of th Raja of Arkilla, from his father, and that
his liberality

was fupplied from the wealth of the Decan, which

circumftance ftrengthens our fufpicion that he was accelTary to his

father's death.

Some

writers, notwithftanding this fufpicion,

long panegyrics upon his virtu:s and accompliOiments.

Vol.

I.

S f

He,

it

make
muft
be

His learnlrg.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^^^"^^^^^g^*^' aimed at univerfal knowledge, was conveifant in

li^c-'K"'

them

profufely penfions, for a magnificent fublillance.

The

His religion.

Sultan was, at the fame time, very

and private worfliip.

and cruelty,

men, giving

the literature of the times, and a patron of learned

all

five

times every day.

and

fet

that he adted the

tive

He ordered prayers to
He difcouraged all
own

the example by his

rigid life.

mean charader of a

and inhunjan, delighting

with regard to public

flritfl

be read in the mofqiies

intemperate

But

it is

pleafures,

be fufpedled,

to

hypocrite, for he

was vindic-

blood of his fubjed:s, and con-

in the

demning them without diftindion of

right or wrong,

to cruel

and

ignominious deaths.

The Moguls
xioRan.

Mahummud,

before the empire

Chan, chief of the

tribe of Chighitta,

In the beginning of the reign of

was propcrly
a

Mogul

fettled,

Tirim

Siri

general of great fame, invaded Hindoftan, in the year 727,

with an innumerable army, with a view to make an entire conquefl

ipfit.

Having fubdued Limghan, Moultan, and the northern pro-

vinces,

he advanced towards Delhi, with incredible expedition, and

inverted

enemy

Sultan

it.

in

the

field,

Reiire with

foF peace, fent an

ireaibrT.^" "

Mogul

chicf,

who

Mahummud,

feeing he could not cope with the

and that the city mull: foon

immcnfs prcfcnt

in gold

at laft confented,

of the empire, to return to his

fall,

began to fue

and jcwels, to foften the

upon receiving almoft the price

own

country, taking Guzerat and

Sind in his way, which he plundered of a world of v/ealth.

The

Sultan's

conquells.

Mahummud turned
army. He fubdued by

Sultan
,

of his

his

thoughts to war, and the regulation

different generals,^

many

diflant

coun-

tries,

fuch as Door, Summudir, Maber, Compila, Arinkil, Luck-

nouti,

Sonnargaum, and Chittagaum, fome of which provinces had

revolted, and others

Iflamites.

He
3

had never been fubjedted by the arms of the

foon after reduced the Carnatic to the extremities of

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN:

the Decan, and from feato
tribute,

Tea,

obliging

by which means he again

with money.

after fliook the empire,

The

from the yoke.

thefe foreign conquefts were wrefted

'3^&

pay him ^-^^

the Rajas to

all

niled the treafury

But during the ccnvulfions which foon

31

all

caules or

The

caufe

in the

Em-

the difturbances were chiefly thefe. The heavy imports, which were,
The pafling copper money
in this reign, tripled in fome provinces.
The railing 370,000 horfe for the
for filver, by a public decree.
Chorraffan and Maverulnere

conqueft of

horfe towards the mountains of

Himmachil

many Mahommedans as
of Hindoftan and many other

maiTacre of
parts

The

we

fhall forbear to

the cruel

which, for the

lefTer reafons,

mention.

imports upon the neceflaries of

.

or Kirrigil

100,000

well as Hindoos, in different

lake of brevity,

fending

the

which were

life,

levied with Heavy im-

the utmoft rigour, were too great for the power of induftry, and confequently the country vfas involved in diftradtion and confufion.

farmers were forced to

rapine.

The

fly to

The copper money,

evils

of

life

people obliterated from

fufferings of the

for

want of proper

than that which

King, unfortunately

from

ri6s

the woods, and to maintain themfelves by

minds every idea of government, and fubjedlion

tiveof nolefs

upon

the neceffa-

lands being left uncultivated, famine began to defolate

whole provinces, and the

their

The

P"'^^

for his people,

to authority.

regulations,

we have

was produc-

already fpecified.

The

adopted his ideas upon currency,

Chinefe curtom of ufing paper upon the Emperor's credit,

with the royal

feal

appended, for ready money.

rtead of paper, ftruck a copper coin,

ginary value, he

made

The mint was under

which being

Mahummud,
iflued at

in-

an ima-

current by a decree throughout Hindoftan.

very bad regulations.

Bankers acquired im-

menfe fortunes by coinage, whilft the merchants made

S f 2

their

paymcn-ts

Copper

n-.o

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSFANf.

3i6
^^^'^^s

Ij'^ V'^*

m copper,

to the poor manufacturers, at the

......

thcv thcmfclvcs reccivcd for their exports,

Villainies in

the mint.

was much
thofe

villainy alfo

who had

pra6tiled in the

management of

tli

filvcr

mint

fame time that

There

and gold.

for a

premium

to

the merchants had their coin

it,

ftruck confiderably below the legal value

i.

and thefe abufes were

overlooked by the government.

But the great fource

olf

iKe misfortunes confequent upon this de-

bafement of the coin, was the

Public credit could not long

Hindoftan

as

receive for

changed

money

its

how

for

corpermo-

The

treafury

a.

if

^'

thefe evils general

Empire.

in a ftate fo liable to revolutioos

could the people in the remote provinces,

.3nqma 3dJ
Sfn'the

nariW

murmurs and

Sultan, to

remained a heavy demand.

thoufands were ruined.

eafe the

The Emperor

and the bankers accumulated imni^nfe

commit out-

and the people.

Mahummud, by

But there had been fuch

gjeatarmy.
cility

ie6ts

emptied, there

flill

and

to ftrike off,

himfelf was fo far from win,loll: all

he had in

his treafury .;

,fortune^s^^oi| tl^e ruiji^

,mdO

the advice of

^vith thoufands of his tribe,'

lo

minds of the people, was

This he was forced

ning by this indigefted fcherae, thatlie

rot
being paid,

-.niriD

afodw aid rijiw nolisq ii>

confufions arofe throughout'

abufes in the mint, that after the treafury was

The army

that fo often.

ot

at.

obliged to Call in his copper currency-

.fc^v^reign

of government.

?.

i'^^'q

From

TV.eSiiltan

fubfirt;

inftability

the bafe reprefentative of

mailer

known

Amir Norofe,

of

\o aaiifibnuod

th^^ir

aril 01

a Mo^ul,chief, vyl^q,

had entered into the

fervie^,
-r
^ -raifed a
.

The Mogul buoyed

up the Emperor's juind with the

of reducing both Iran and Turan

could be put in execution, he

fell

j;

fa?-

but before thefe mighty pro-

in arrears to his forces.

They,

finding.they could not fubfi ft without pay, difperfed themfelves ,over

the empire, and carried pillage, ruin, and death, to every quarter.
:3

'

'

ThT,,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN;

Thefe misfortunes comprehended ^the domeftie transitions of many

The

years*

of various kinds, the King entered into a projedt to repair his

follies

abfurd with

finances, equally

that

by which they were principally

ruined,.

great,

wealth of Chin *,

a refolution to fubdue that kingdom;

was

lies

^..Ai^uumioj

Having heard of the

it

firft

Mahummud

necefTary to conquer the country of

He

738, ordered one hundred thoufand horfe,

command of

his

fifter's

j^^J'^'^'^

formed

rhe

^'jj)^"^"^^/"

accordingly,

under the

fon Chufero Malleck, to fubdue the

moun-

tainous country of Himmatchil, and fix garrifons as far as the fron-^

When

of Chin.

in perfon with his

whole

The Omrahs and

tell

this

fhould be done, he propofed to advance

counfeilors

that the

of ftate, went ib

a flep within

whole was

far,

The

vifionary proje6t.

and having entered

on the road,

to fecure a

-the

this

mountains,

As

their

army was put

began

in

in this

manner

where a numerous- army, appeared to op-r

numbers were by this time greatly diminifhed,

which was now approaching;

which now
ihey

bent

bfegan
their

to

be

pafled,

and the rainy feafon

befides the. fcarcity of proviiions,

feverely

march towards the

felt.

^^cm

him

it.

to build fmall fdrts

communication; proceeding

home, the rugged ^ayS^ they haJ

difTuade

mo-

and much inferior to th^t of the enemy, the troops of I^indoftan

were ftruck with univerfal difmay, upon confidering. their diftance
ffora

OmraW

^"^^avour to

Sultan infifted upork

to the boundaries of Chin,

pofe them.

as plainly to j},^

the limits of that mighty empire, and

making the experiment, and accordingly

tion,

force, to invade that empire.

of Hindoftan never yet could, and never

him, that the troops
'
'

would advance

Su't.m's

Himmatchil, which

in the year

rchTme to

^nii. lii

but to accomplifh his defign,

between the borders of Chin and Hindoftan.

tiers

'^^J^
SuUa^v

pubh'c treafury being fquandered by impolitic fchemes and The

In

foot of a

this

confternation

mountaia^ where.

the

The

Sultan's'

to'^he' fron^^
tiers of China,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

3i3
A. D. 1337.

the f.ivage inhabitants of the

plundered

down upon them, and

poured

army lay

while the Chinefe

baggage,

their

hills

in

their

front.

Their
fill

In thIs dreadful fituation they remained for feven days, fuffering

diarcff-

ludution.

tj^g ^j^.fj.gj^jj.jg5

Qf famine without knowing

length fuch a heavy rain

which obliged the Chinefe

water,

lies in

that the cavalry

fell,

to

how

were up

remove

their

make

but the low country was quite covered with

and the mountains with impervious woods.

now came

to a crifis.

Having

loft

to

^un^^

' ^

This whole army

falfe

ambition

^^^^

Ki'diafib re-

beh in
Decan

the

fatal

to be put to death,

Sultan's

'^'^"j

known more

fcarce a

man coming back

left

upon

in

to his party.

the Decan,

name

called

Kirfliafib,

Saghir,

By their influence and

fome Omrahs who continued firm in

to take refuge in the fort of Mindu.

began

other

Omrahs and

who
to

poflefled

turn

his

many of the Omrahs of the

the great riches which he had

He

then attacked

their allegiance, obliging

them

Sultan having intelligence of the revolt,

many

or-

nephcw, an Omrah of great reputation,

accumulated, his power became very formidable.

Jehan, with

who

their return to Delhi.

thoughts upon the empire, and gained over

The

behind in the

tyranny of their Emperor,

generally by his original

government

Decan

by the enemy.

few of them efcaped indeed the rage of the enemy, but

could not efcape the more

dered them

no way out but

pofiefled

who were

to relate the particulars, except thofe

wa-

in lliort, in the fpace of fifteen days, fell a prey to

famine, and a vid:im to

garrifons.

endeavour to

the road, they found themfelves

which they entered, which was now

that by

to a

Their misfortunes

in fuch an unfortunate fituation, that they could find

arc de-

camp

Chufero Malleck then determined

ter,

They

to their bel-

greater diftance.
his retreat,

At

to proceed.

commanded Chaja

the v/hole power of Guzerat,

to

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

When

to chaftife the rebel.

the imperial

army

Deo-

arrived before

1338.
fjiger. 739.

gire,

they found Kirfhafib drawn up in order of battle to receive

them

but, after a gallant conteft,

He

he was defeated.

wards Sajurj but not daring

to

rr

remain there, he carried off his

family and wealth to Campala in the Carnatic,

Flies to the

^^'^"^"^*

and took protedion

dominions of the Raja of that place, with

in the

He is overthrown.

fled to-

whom

he had

maintained a friendly intercourfe.

The

Sultan, in the

He

after at Deogire.

mean time, took the

from thence Chaja Jehan with

fent

whom

force againfl: the Raja of Campala, by

twice defeated

but

and arrived foon

field,

the imperialifls were

reinforcements arriving

frefli

a great

from Deogire,

Chaja Jehan engaged the Raja a third time, and carried the vidory.

He
deo,

took the Raja prifoner, but Kirfhafib

who

fearing to

upon him, and

fled to the

court of Bellal-

draw the fame misfortunes upon

himfelf, feized

him bound

fent

to

the general, and acknowledged

Chaja Jehan immediately difpatched

his fubjedlion to the empire.

the Iprifoner to court, where the Sultan ordered

him

'

fhewn

around the

a horrid fpedlacle, all

a"'" de-

^'^^

city

and He

to be flead,'

while the executioner

IS

^['.'^

taken

^^^'^

alive.

proclaimed aloud, "

The

Sultan was fo

Thus

fliall all traitors

much

it

King

perifli."

pleafed with the fituation and flrength The

of Deogire, that, confidering

termined to make

to their

more

it

But, upon propofing this

his capital.

he de-

centrical than Delhi,

afl^air

Suitan

oifg hif ^api.

in
^^Jj^j^i^'

his council, the majority

were of opinion, that Ugein was

proper place for that purpofe.

formed his

refolution.

He

The King, however, had

men, women, and children, with

ihould

make

previoufly

he commanded

trees to

defolate,

and

their effeds and cattle,

all

a grand migration to Deogire.

to the migration,

more

therefore gave orders that the city of Delhi,

which was then the envy of the world, fhould be rendered

that

To

add magnificence

be tore up by the roots,

and planted in regular rows along the road, to yield the emigrants a
fhade.

Dtf^ioys

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^^^^f and that

^ig^r

who had

all

not

money

defray their charges

to

He

fhould be maintained at the public expence.

the future Deogire (hould be called Dowlatabad;

ordered that for

raifed noble build-

and dug a deep ditch round the walls, which he repaired and

ings,

Upon

beautified.

he formed large

the top of the

refervoirs for

This change however greatly

minds of the people.

hill

upon which the

made

water, and

citadel flood,

a beautiful garden.

and diftradted the

affedled the empire,

But the Sultan's orders were

complied

ftridtly

with, and the ancient capital left defolate.

The

Sultan having effedied this bufinefs, marched his

the fort of Gundana, near Jinner.

the Colies, oppofed

him with
As

refuge within his walls.

agair^tt

who was

chief of

was forced

to take

Nack-naig,

great 'bravery, but

army

the place was built upon the fummit

of a fteep mountain, inacceffible but by one narrow pafs cut in the

rock, the Sultan had no hopes of reducing

accordingly ordered

fome
Gundana
taken.

viceroyj

revolts""^'^"

to be blockaded,

ineffedtual attacks, in

The

garrifon

jj^^

eight

The

it

Hc

becoming

Sultan's

months

retreat,

and

it

at

delivered

up the

and the Sultan returned

had not been long

the fame time,

which he was repulfed with

ftr-aitenedforprovifions,

in his capital,

to

He

but by famine.

made

great

lofs.

and having no hopes

place- at

the expiration of

Dowlatabad.

when he heard

that Malleck

Ibah, the viceroy of Moultan, had rebelled, and

was then reducing

The

caufe of the revolt

the country of Punjaab with a great army.

was

this:

The

Sultan having fent an order to all his

their families to

Dowlatabad, the meffenger

Gmrahs

who was

to fend

difpatched to

Moultan, prefuming too much upon the King's authority, upon obferving
told

fome

delay, proceeded to impertinent threats.

Byram Shaw's

which

in

sHigh words

the end

upon

one day

was medi-

fon in law, that he believed his father

tating trcafon againft the King.

tween them,

He

this atofe be-

proceeded to blows

and

the

meffenger

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

ieflenger had his head ilruck

off,

321

by one of Byram Ibah's

fervants. -^-D. 1340.

Higcr. 7 J.

Byram

Ibah,

knowing the vengeful

fenfible that this d iff efpeit to his authority,

and refolved

The

would never be forgiven,

arms.

to feek refuge in

Sultan upon thefe advices, put his fpears in motion, and haf^

tened towards Moultan

as the ants or locufts,

and Byram Ibah, with an army numerous

prepared to difpute the

after the duft of the field

was

laid

their backs

upon

glory,

with blood on both

Byram

tune darkened the ftandards of

abandoned the

the

but Shech

efi'edls

ul

his

!5

ovcr-

f''^^" ^"^^

at

but

misfor-

fides,

The

field.

Sultan immedi-

inhabitants of

Moul-

dien interceded for them, and prevented

of this horrible mandate.

and

purfuit,

Rukun

He

Ibah, and his troops turning

ately gave orders for a general mafi*acre of the

tan

Both armies

field.

met, and, eager for vidory, engaged with great refolution

lafl:

of the Sultan, was

difpofition

Byram Ibah was

who

head brought to the King,

taken in the

returned towards

Delhi.

At

fight of their native

country and

city,

all

thofe

who had

been

forced to Dowlatabad, began to defert the Sultan's army, and to dif-

^
perfe themfelves in the woods.
'

to prevent the con-

fequences of this defertion, took up his refidence in the city

ther he invited them, and remained there for the fpace of

But then he again revolved

latabad his capital.
to

in his

mind, the fcheme of making

Dow-

his

""^^'^^s

at

family, obliging the

years,

whiyears.

do the fame, and carried off the whole

Decan

two

He removed

Delhi two

'
.

The Emperor,

^,

Cmrahs

city a fecond time,

to the

leaving that noble metropolis a habitation for owls, and the

wild beads of the defart.

About

this

time, the taxes were fo heavily impofed, and exafled

with fuch rigour and cruelty, by the

the whole extent of that fertile

Vol.

I.

Oppreffions,

of the revenue, that ofluehy of

^"'"^^'i'
country, between the two rivers,
t

officers

Ganges

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

322
A.D.

1341.

The farmersy
their lives, in one day, fet fire to their own houfes, and
the woods, with their families and cattle. The tyrant having
were

Ganges and Jumna,

weary of
retired to

particularly

opprcfied.

received intelligence of this circumflance, ordered

to maflacre thefe

unhappy people

be taken, to put out their eyes.

this

The

inhuman

they

if

Many

body of troops

and

refifi:ed,

if

they fliould

populous provinces were, by

decree, laid wafle, and remained fo for feveral years.

colony of Dowlatabad was alfo in great

diftratftion

the people,-

without houfes, without employment, were reduced to the utmoft

dirtrefs.

Inftancesofit.

The

tyrannies of the execrable

any thing we have met with

When

horrid inflance.
to hunt, as

is

he remained

men

the city walls.

When

they arrived in the

he plainly told them, that he came not

He had

terror

rebellion ia

But

city,

to

hunt

even the barbarity to

thoufands of their heads, and to bang them over

He, upon another

occafion,

made an

the fame nature towards Kinnoge, and maflacred

of that

and without any obvious reafon, began a gentral

home fome

is

Delhi, he led his army out

at

maflacre of the wretched inhabitants.

bring

exceeded, in fhort,

of which the following

in hiftory,

cuflomary v/ith princes.

territory of Birren,

beafls but

Mahummud

all

and the adjacent country for many

and defolation wherever he turned

his face.

of hiflory:

During

to fcturn to the chain

excurfion of

the inhabitants

ij^ijes,

this time,

fpreading

Malleck

Fuchir ul dien, after the death of Byram Chan, rebelled in Lucknouti, having flain

provinces

Kudder Chan, and

of Bengal

*.

advices, that Seid Haflen

him

The

Sultan,

had rebelled

the fon of Seid Haflen, and

marched

in

* Bengal, at

all

pofiefled himfelf
at

in

of the three

the fame time,

Maber.

his family,

He

received

ordered Ibra-

to prifon

then

the year 742, from the facking of Kinnoge, towards

this time,

was divided

ioto three governineQtstjyjnffjUfji;!^^

^q>^;

MabcT.

THE HISTORY
When

Mnber.

OF HIND05TAN.

he had reached Dovvlatabad, he

3^3

heavy tax

laid a

'34-^-

Higer. 7

that city and

npon

the neighbouring provinces, which

the people into rebellion

the unhappy infurgents to

but his numerous army

former

tiieir

Sultan fent back a part of his

fooji

From

flavery.

army and Chaja Jehan

^
]

awakened
reduced

all

that place the

to Delhi, while

he himfelf marched with another force towards Maber, by the way

of Tilling.

"-When Mahummud

arrived before Arlnkil, there

a plague in that city, by

which he

loft a

himfelf had a violent ftruggle for his

leave

Amad

ul

On

Dowlatabad.
and

loft

the

to

at

ftill

ing arrived

way he

title

own

v/as feized

remains a
at

monument of human

He,

latabad and

to

and return towards

to

much

be reared over

vanity and folly.

it,

gr"eari'biem-

JJi's^teeX

Hav-

and the government of Bidder, with

at the

its

revenue of one crore of

fame time, conferred the government of

Marhat upon Cuttilich Chan

Dow-

his preceptor.

proceeded from Patan in his palankie to Delhi, havinp; heard

^
^

He

leave to fuch

return

but they

Sultan

In this place he gave to Shahab Sultani,

of fome difturbance among the Patans.

to

and was obliged

Patan he found himfelf better, and halted to take

of Naferit Chan,

rupees.

He

with a violent tooth-ach. The

tomb

dependencies, which yielded annually,

He

life,

the army,

Beir, and a magnificent

medicines for fome days.

the

command

to be

great part of his army.

one of his teeth, which he ordered to be buried with

ceremony

which

Malleck

happened

He,

of the inhabitants of Dowlatabad

to Delhi,

to follow

him.

had almofl: perifhed on the

Many

way by

as

were willing

thoufands

a famine,

defolated the countries of Malava and Chinderi.

returns to

this period, gave^^'^^-

at

returned,

which then

When

they
f came a,,
The milery
'"to Delhi, they found that the famine raged with redoubled violence ^^'^'^^'"'^^bi.
cants,
^
p)^
in that city, in fo much that very few could procure the necefTaries of
life.

',6nU

Mahummud,

for once,

feemed

affected

with

human

miferies.

He

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

3-1
A. D.
Ili;>er.

134.-.

743.

I-Ie

even for fomc time entirely

and took
chanG;ed
his difpofition,
J
b
IT

great pains

to encourage hufbandry, comn-jerce,

He

induftry.

inhabitants

and

kinds of

all

opened the treafury, and divided large funis

for thefe

But

purpofes.

great diftrefs, they expended

as

money

the

to the

the people were really in

in the neceffaries of life,

and many of them were feverely punifhed upon that account.

...

Kebtllion of
the Afgans,

Shahoo, a chief of the Afgans,

about this time, commenced hofo
tilitics to the HOrthward, pouring down like a torrent upon Moultan
>

which he

laid

wafte, and killed

and put his army to

qu.lieJ.

Delhi,

Begad the

The

flight.

Sultan's viceroy, in battle,

Sultan having prepared an

moved towards Moultan, but Shahoo, upon

proach, wrote

of Afganiflian.

him

the king's ap-

a fubmiflive letter, and fled to the

The

Sultan perceiving that

was

it

army at

mountains
to purfue

idle

him, returned to Delhi.

Dreadful

fa-

The famine

Hiineat Delhi.

eat

continued

fl:ill

He

One another.

to rage in the city fo dreadfully, that

ordered, in this

difl:refs,

another

diftri-

bution of money towards the flnking of wells, and the cultivation of

lands, but the people
diftrefles

in

their

weakened by hunger, and

families,

made very

little

progrefs,

drought continued, and rendered their labour vain.

time, the tribes of Mindahir, Chohan,

who

by private

diflradted

Miana,

while the

At

Batti,

the fame

and others

inhabited the country about Samana, unable to difcharge their

rents, fled into the

them with

his

The

woods.

Sultan marched forthwith againil

army, and mafl"acred fome thoufands of thefe poor

flaves.

TheGickers
bvade Pun-

In the year 743, Malleck Chunder, chief of the Gickers, invaded

pj^^j-^)^
j^ju^j Malleck Tatar the viceroy of Lahore in adion,

Chaja Jchan, upon

this,

was

time, began to entertain

a.

fent againfl

him.

The

ridiculous notion, that

Sultan, in the
all

mean

the misfortunes

of

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

of his

from

proceeded
reisn,
o
r

his

'

32.5

been confirmed in ihe^-^not havin?

Higer.

'

343'

744.
embafiy

empire, bv the Caliph of Mecca. He therefore difpatched prefents An

^
^
fentto Mecca.
and ambaffadors to Arabia, and ftruckthe Cah'ph's name in the place
'

of

his

own, on

all

fhip in the mofquc

the current coin, and prohibited

s,

Sirfirri

without the city by the King in perfon,

who

phirman upon

foot, putting the Caliph's

Returning into the

He

drefs.

was met

advanced to receive him

and opening

his head,
city,

he ordered

be celebrated, and public fervice to be read in

feftival to

Among

?vlecca.

degraded monarchs, was the Sultan's

this

whim

to write

fo far as

the Caliph's

nefs of his
tertained,

was

of

and with

difmififed

with

life

went privately

of ^''^''^"'^^
behaviour of

us fufped the found-

value,

of refpefV,

and accompanied by Malleck

guards.

who

lived near Arinschemes

to Bellaldeo, the Raja of the Carnatic, and

told

That he had heard the Mahommedans, who were now very

numerous in the Decan, had formed a defign of extirpating all the

him,

*'

Hindoos

What

that

it

was therefore advifeable

truth there might be in this report

to prevent

we know

them

fliould

among

firft

fecure his

in

own

which

it

was

refolved,

in time."

not, but Bellal-

deo aded as if he was convinced of fuch a fcheme.

council of his nobles,

the Sultan.,

ambafiador, after being royally en-

This year Kinfanaig, the fon of Lidderdeo,

kil,

his houfes,

a letter to his mafter, full

immenfe

prefents of

Kabire, chief of the

thofe

even carried

name upon

/-lit
may reafonably
make

Mahummud,
head.
The Arabian

life

He

father.

who

Thefe, and fome other ridiculous actions

robes, and furniture.

the

own

the

all

number of

the

it

grand

mofques, ftriking out every King's name from the Chutba,

had not been confirmed from

In

returned with the ambaffador, and

brought the Caliph's confirmation, and a royal

with great folemnity.

public wor-

the Caliph's confirmation Ihould arrive.

till

the year 744, HadgeeSeid

on

all

He

called a

that Bellaldeo

country, by fixing his capital in a pafs

the mountains, to exclude the followers of

Mahommed

from
all

cd in the
ca'-i-

for a

De-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

-326

iA.

D. 1344. all tliofc kln^ydoms.

lliger.

Kifnanaig in the

745.

mean tim^ promiled, when

^

matters fliould be ripe, to

raife all

dii

the Hindoos or Arinkil and Til-

ling to his afliflancc.

TheDecan
^

ein^me[

The

Raja accordingly built a flrong city upon the frontiers of hrs

dominions, and called

Bigcn, from the

it

the word Nagur or city

is

army, and fent part of

it

now

added.

name of his

He

Amad

reduced Arinkil, and drove Malleck

then began to

command

under the

fon, to whicli

ul

raife

of Kifnanaig,

Muluck, the

an

who

Sultan's

Bellaldeo, and Kifnanaig, having joined

viceroy, to Dowlatabad.

their forces with the Raja of

Maber and Doorfummund, who were

formerly tributaries to the government of the Carnatic, they feized

upon thofe

countries, and drove the

In

all fides.

fliort,

feflions in the

The

Sultan's

The

Mahummud, upon
fubjedts,

This conduct occafioned

"^

fplenitic,

and

cruel,

without crime, provocation, or diftindion.

rebellion,

robbery, and confufion, in

to

and permit the ftarved inhabitants,

procure provifions,

The

city,

whom

and to open

he had before

Thoufands crowded towards

confined, to provide for themfelves.

we have

before obferved, had revolted from

encamped

all

more and more

daily

infomuch that the Sultan, not able

JBengal, which, as

'ol

wreaking his rage

even for his houfehold, was obliged to abandon the

gate's,

oti

receiving intelligence of thofe

The famine became

parts of the empire.

the

them

within a few months, the Sultan had no pof-

grew vengeful,

upon his unhappy

dreadful,

before

Decan, except Dowlatabad.

tyrannical

d^ib-Snsin "misfortunes,
the empire,

Mahommedans

the

army near Cumpula, on the

banks of the Ganges, and drew fupplies from the countries of Oud
Empire.

and Kurrah.

became

infurrcftions

quaihed.

He

y^^^ 745'

name of Surgdewarie.

Ndzam;

the province of

his

ordered his people to build houfes, which at -length

a city under the

^^^^

Jaftds in

Sultan

Bftin,:

s.^emindar,

-1^1^)0

poireffed

.-^

of fome

Oud, and a fellow of an infamous charader,

colleded

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TIHE

of the dlfcontented farmers, and aflumed the

colleaecj a

mob

umbrella,

with the

marched
ces,

againfl

him, Ain

Muluck, Suba of Cud,

ul

who had

fame year,

to

"^^y^X

^^^-^^^^^^^

But before the Sultan

of Alia ul dien.

title

and defeating him, fent his head

in the

327

the King.

raifed

his for-

Nuzerit Chan

taken the whole province of Bidder, at

one crore of rupees, finding himfelf unable to make good that conrebelled

tradt,

but Cuttulich Chan being ordered againft him from-

Dowlatabad, expelled him from that government.

During

All Shaw,

this period.

who was

from Dowlatabad

fent

to

GoUedt the rents of Kilbirgah, finding that country deflitute of troops,

aflembled his friends, raifed an army with the coUeftions, and

^fj^J^f^^^^

quaPaed.-

in

the year 746, ere<fled his rebellious ftandards, and took poffeflion of

The

Kilbirgah and Bidder.

Sultan,

on

this

occafion, fent a rein-

forcement to Cuttulich Chan to fupprefs him.

riving on the confines of Bidder, Ali
battle

but being defeated, he

however foon obliged

who

baniflied

Ain
tirely

him and

Chan

ar-

Shaw came out and gave him

himfelf up in the

city.

He was

and was fent prifoner to the King,

to capitulate,

his brother to

Muluck having

ul

fliut

Cuttulich

Ghizni.

paid great attention to the King, and en- AinulMa-

gained his favour, was appointed to the viceroy (hip of Dow-

latabad and Arinkil, in

room of Cuttulich Chan.

the

Muluck himfelf looked upon

in the

this

appointment

as

But Ain ul

an impolitic ftep

King, confidering the fervices Cuttulich Chan had done to his

the Decan, and the

aflfairs in

thought

it

and then

a fnare laid to

to deprive

power he then enjoyed.

draw him

him of both.

quietly

Jn the

from his

mean time

And therefore
own Subafhip,
a

number of

the clerks of the revenues being convid:ed of abufes in their

were ordered

means

to be

to efcape to

put to death.

Ain

ul

Some

of thofe

who

Muluck, and endeavoured

office,

furvived found
to

confirm

him

in his former opinion of the King's intentions.

He

tates a rebels

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

/\.

'l

D. 13^5.

akes arms,

He

accordingly difobeycd the King's order, and ereded the ftan-

dard of rebellion, fending a detachment of horfe under the

command

of his brother, who, before the Sultan received any intelligence of

his defigns, carried

off

the elephants, camels, and horfes,

all

The

were grazing or foraging near the royal camp.

The

him, with an army from Delhi.

for

Ain

ul

Muluck and

his brothers

were advancing towards him,

tired

The Suhan
overthrows

while Chaja Jehan joined

moved

Sultan

his ftandards,

had now croffed the Ganges, and

in great

hopes that the Sultan's army,

and difgufled with his tyrannical behaviour, would join them.

The

Sultan, enraged

engaging them,

^^^d,

Ain

Sultan, in great

Amrohe, Saman, and

perplexity, called the troops of Kole, Birren,

other diftridis adjacent, to his afliftance

that

at

after

Muluck was taken

ul

ed in the Ganges,
in the action,

their

a fhort

prifoner,

conflict,

his

horfe,

put them

to

flight.

and his brother Shoralla drown-

he was fwimming

as

mounted

prefumption,

acrofs,

while another brother was

having been wounded

flain

the

in

The

field.

Pardons him.

Sultan was fo prejudiced in favour of Ain ul

ed him, and reftored

certain that

him

Muluck was

to his

former

a loyal fubje>3:,

Muluck,

dignities,

that he pardon-

faying,

that

though he had been

he was

inftiga-

ted to this rebellion by the malice and falfehood of others.

The

Sultan

The

'

Sultan marched from thence to Barage, to pay his devotions

tomb of

Ddhi?

Ghiznavi,

Sallar

who had

He diftributed

Mufaood, one of the family of

Mamood

been killed there by ihe Hindoos in the year 557.

great fums

and then returned

J:'ultan

among

to Delhi.

the Fakiers,

who

refided at Barage,

Another ambaffador arrived

at

that

time from the Caliph, and was received with the fame diftinguifhing

marks of

Not long

refpefft

after,

as

the former, and difmiffed with rich prefents.

prince of the houfe of Abafii, arrived at Delhi,

and was met by the Sultan,

feoted

him with two

at the

village of

Palum, and he pre-

lacks of rupees, a large tradt of territory, a

palace

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

By way of

palace and fine gardens.

him upon

placed

condefcended to

to the

Caliphat, he A.

jD.

134^.

hand, and even fometimes ridiculoufly

his' right

lit

refped:

329

down upon

the carpet before him, and pay

him

obeifance.

Some of the

courtiers calumniated Cuttulich

Chan, governor of CuttuHch

him of opprefTions and other abufes in his

The King regovernment, though a man of juftice and integrity.
called Cuttulich Chan to Delhi, ordering his brother Molana Nizam
ul dien, to whom he gave the title of Alim ul Malleck, and placed at
the Decan, accufing

from the

Burudge, to take charge of what remained to the empire of the Decan,

till

When

he fhould fend fome perfon from court.

der arrived, Cuttulich

which he begged
Delhi, with

all

Chan was digging

a great

the King's or-

pond or

and prepared

his brother to compleat,

refervoir,

to return to

which he had previoufly

the revenues of the Decan,

fecured in a fort called Daragire, upon a mountain clofe to the city.

'

The

Sultan, after the arrival of Cuttulich

governors for the Decan, having divided

determined to reduce

ul Malleck, an

To

feconqu"?

accdmplifli

numerous army, under the command of

Omrah

of great reputation, to march to Dow-*

latabad, and entered into articles with him, that he and the othef
chiefs fhould pay into the treafury feven

for their governments.

own

To make up

avarice, they plundered

this

crores of rupees annually

fum, and to gratify their

and opprclTed that unfortunate country.'

At the fame time the Sultan conferred the government of Malava upon Aziz, a mean fellow formerly a vintner, and told him, that the
Amirs of Sidda * were dangerous perfons
to endeavour to extirpate
* Mogul captains,

Vol.

I,

who

in that country, therefore

them.

entered into his fervlce with

s^,(3
"^"^

into four provinces,

before, to his obedience.

it as

his purpofe, he ordered a

Amad

it

Chan, appointed fourx^e

Amir Norofe,

The

D^^can,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

33
A

P. 13

4(5.

The

Sultan then

marched back to his

Kncouragci
"

waric, and began to encourage

lation of

who

all

at once,

to enable

cruel maf-

them

to carry

facre,

The

He

this

and improve-

received their appointments

iiTued out

of the treafury,

work.

Bedar, invited the Amirs of

at

wrote to the Sultan an account of

who fent him

tyrannical

would be

which

entertainment, and affaflinated eighty of them, with their

this horrible

back a prefent of a drefs and a finehorfe, for

Mahummud

better ferved

now

had

taken

by people of low

it

into his head, that

birth, than

ga his fon, Shech Baboo a weaver, Muckbil a

fellows, to the degree of

who

be

Mun-

flave,

and other low

Omrahs, and gave them the command of

provinces and high offices at court.

of the poet,

by the nobility.

accordingly promoted Litchena a finger, Pira a gardener,

niei?oriow

maf-

Such were the morals of thofe wretched days

his loyal fervices.

be Sulun

on

Aziz Chumar, when he arrived

attendants.

to be anfwerable for its cultivation

and feventy lacks of rupees were

^^j^

plan

the country into dirtri6ts of 60 miles fquare, under a

who was

^icre at Be-

new

Surgdc-

by the name of Amir Kohi,

Above one hundred Shickdars

ment.

upon

at

appointed an infpedor, for the regu-

to hufbandry,

that related

divided

Shickdar,

He

he hlmfclf had invented.

old cantonments

...
cultivation,

Hitjcr. 747.

writes, that

**

He

He who

in this, forgot the advice

exalts the

head of a beggar,

and hopes great things from his gratitude, inverts the nature of things,
and

nouriflies a ferpent in his

was occafioned by a noble

bofom."

refufal

This refolution of the

tyrant,

of the Omrahs, to put his cruel

orders in execution.

D;urbances
in Guzerat.

In the

mean

time, Malleck Muckbil, entitled

Chan

Jehani, vizier

Guzerat, with the treafure, and the Sultan's horfes,

Delhi.
laid

The

him with

Narwalla.

fet

out for

Siddas of thofe parts, hearing of his intentions,

a

body of horfe, and, having robbed him,

The

way-

retired

to

Sultan hearing of this robbery, in a great rage pre-

pared

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

pared forGuzerat, leaving Malleck Firofe his nephew, governor at A. D.

y,^?'

Delhi, and, in the year 748, marched to Sultanpoor, about 30 miles

without the

city,

where he waited

for

fome reinforcements.

came from Aziz Chumar, begging

addrefs

An

go againft the

leave to

Siddas, being nearer, and having a fufficient force, as he imagined,

The Sultan confented to his requeft, at the fame

time exprefling much doubt of his fuccefs, knowing him to be a
Aziz Chumar advanced towards
daftardly and unexperienced officer.

for that purpofe.

of the action, he was flruck powerbut in the beginning

*^
^
*
with terror, and fell headlong from his horfe. He was taken,

the rebels;
lefs

and fuffercd a cruel death

The

his

army being defeated with fome

It

was on

this

march

that

Mahummud

is

faid to

have afked

ZeaiBirni the poet, what crimes a King ought to punifli with feverity

The

ti^^t'i

^^z'-^

Chumar.

lofs.

Sultan being informed of this difafler, marched from Sultan-

poor.

^"f^aT^'-^nd

ZeaiBiini's
suilan"

poet replied, that feven forts of criminals deferved fevere puniHi-

ments

thefe were, apoftates

from

their religion, /hedders

of inno-

cent blood, double adulterers, rebellious perfons, officers difobeying

When

lawful orders, thieves and pcrverters of the laws.

reached the

hills

of Abu, upon the confines of Guzerat, he fent one

of his principal Omrahs, Chan Jehan,

them

he had

in the diflridts

of Bai,

tan having halted at Baruge,

coming up with them

who met
and gave them a total defeat. The Sul- The rcheu
fent Malleck Muckbil after them, who ITa^elf"'

as they

greateft part to the fword.

this

the rebels,

were croffing the Nirbuda, put the

The few who

with Madeo, Raja of Buckclana, were

The Sultan, upon

againfl;

all

efcaped, taking protedlion

plundered of

occafion, maffacred

many

theii*

wealth.

of the Siddas The

SuitanV

of Baruge, and plundered Cambait and Guzerat of every thing valu- ambait"and
able, putting all who oppofed him to the fword.
He then fent^""'*^*

Zein

Dund Mugid

ul dien to

Dowlatabad,

that

he might feize

THE HISTORY OF

332
A.D,

upon

13.1.7.

111

HINDOSTAN^.

the Siddas ofthofe parts, to brinp;

all

Malleck, according to orders,

ihem

fummoned

to

AHm

punifhment.

the Siddas from Raijor,

Mudkil, Kilbirgah, Bidder, Bijapoor, Genjouti, Pvuibaug, KoUchir,

Hukcri, Berar, Ramgire, and other places. The Siddas, conformable
to thofe orders, prepared for Dovvlatabad,

collculed,

hundred

When

Sed'siddas
ibrming

conlpiracy;

Alim

Muluck

ul

guard of

fifteen

the Siddas were arrived upon the frontiers of Guzerat, fear-

that the Sultan had a defiojn upon tiieir lives, they entered into a
i
-j
"
y
^
confpiracy for their own fccuriry.
They, with one accord, fell up-

people, while the

furprizeand

them under

all

horfe, to the royal prefcncc.

Ahmed

on their guard, flew

take Dovvlatabad.

difpatchcd

and when they were

The

Dowlatabad.

...
could arrive
afTault,

Alim

under the

command

Siddas purfued them, and^ before any

1

to put the place

r
m a pofture ofr defence,

r>

all

his

advices

they took

who became

Muluck, with whofe behaviour they were

but

many of

of Malleck Aii, fled to

being favoured by the troops within,

ul

Ipared,

reft,

Latchin their chief, with

it

by

feditious.-

fatisiied,

was

the reft of the Emperor's officers were put to deaths

and the treafure divided among the confpirators.

Mu-

Ilmaiel

the King,

who were

fkulklno- about
"

woods and mountains, hearing of thefuccefs of

their brethrenr

The

Proclaim

SidJas of Guzerat, and other parts,

_

in the

joined them.
Snhan Ma-

Ifmaiel

Muche, one of the Amirs of

proclaimed King, by the

nameof Naftr

uammud

inarches

hearing of this revolution

ul dien.

their fadion,

Sultan

was

Mahummud

at

Dowlatabad,

left

Baruge, and haftened.

againfl him,

towards that

city.

The

ufurper having

to give battle to the King.

The two

drawn out

his

army, waited

armies accordingly met, and

the Siddas, though greatly inferior in number, roufed by their danger and wrongs, aflaulted the imperial troops with fuch violence,,
that the right and left wings were beat back, and the

upon the point of

flight.

But many of the

chieftains

whole army

who

fought in

dtivin bat-

iie.

the van being killed, four thoufand of the Siddas fled

and night
eomino:

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

on, left the vidory undecided,

coming
the

field

fo that both armies lay

on

of battle.

A council

of war being in the

mean time

who had fuffered greatly in the engagement, it was

Ifmaeil Muche fliould retire into Dowlatabad, with
and that the remainder

fliould

fhould leave the Decan

fliift

when

by the

called

Siddas, The

determined that
a

for tbemfelves,

good

impolitic

2^^"^*^^^^

garrifon,

the Sultan

till

they refolved to affemble again at

This wretched condu6t was accordingly purfued. The

Dowlatabad.
Sultan ordered

Amad

ul

Muluck, who was then

at

Elichpoor, to

purfue the fugitives, while he himfelf laid fiege to the city.

In the mean time advices arrived,

of

that Malleck Tiggi, the flave An mConec:

Muluck, heading the Siddas of Guzerat, was

SiifFdec ul

joined

,\'

by many of the Zemindars, by which means he had taken Narwalla,

and put Malleck Muzifter, the Naib of Guzerat,

Shech Moaz

Cambait, having

The
fiege

Sultan

in his rout

upon

this,

of Dowlatabad,

imarched with

great

way of many

in his

by the Hindoos
himfelf.

and was

ul dien the viceroy,

The

he

Sultan

imprifoned

now marching

to lay wafte

blockaded Baruge.

Kawman

left

and with

the

dien

greater

to

on the The

carry

part of his

He

great

having arpived

many men
at

in

defending

Baruge, Tiggi

retreated

Malkck Eufiph Buckera,

the Sultan had detached after him.

Tiggi having engaged

at

Cambait,

turned the

chace upon

Buckera and many other Omrahs, while the

Sultan.

The

v/ell as thofe

death

rebel ordered

whom

among

all

them,

whom

tlie

killed

reft retreated

pur.

Moaz

In

to

the

confinement, to be put to

ul dien,

Part of hi?

Eufiph feaTed?^*

the prifoners taken in the a<32on, as

he had formerly

the latter was

^alnrt^^tL'^in-

was plundered

to Cambait, and was purfued by

fuers

army,

Sultan

and a great part of his baggage,

elephants,
alfo

ul

Guzerat.

expedition to

loft

to death

viceroy of Guzerat.

Mahummud,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

Mahummud, hearing of this cruehy, breathed revenge. He
Hi^r 'yjs'
The Suiua haftened to Cambait, and Tiggi, unable to oppofe him, retreated to
was

Aflawil, but

clofely purfued thither

by the

The

Sultan.

rebel

continued his flight to Narwalla, and in the mean time, the Sultan,

on account of a prodigious

whole month.

The

was obliged

Advices were brought him

army

having recruited his

battle^

rain,

at

to halt at AfTawil a

at AlTawil,

Narwalla, was returning to give

Sultan immediately ftruck his tents and

Tiggi, having injudicioufly ordered his

at Kurri.

that Tiggi,

met the

men

him
rebel

to intoxicate

themfelves with ftrong liquors, they attacked the Sultan with the
fury of madmen

but the elephants in front, foon reprelTed this bor-

valour, and repulfed and

snd over-

rowcd

rebels!

^^fy conqueft

was obtained

threw into confufion the

five

rebels.

An

hundred prifoners were taken and

and an equal number

The

Sultan

in purfuit

of the

runaways, by the way of Tatca, whither Tiggi had fiedj

while

put to death

fell

in the field.

immediately detached the Son of Eufiph Buckera

the King went in perfon to Narwalla, and employed himfelf in fettling

Guzerat.

Ncws,

rebellion

cU.

in the

mean

time, arrived from the Decan, that the Siddas

had afiembled again under Haflen Cacu, had defeated

leck,

who had

fallen in the aftion,

troops towards Malava

dignity,

Mahummud

intelligence,

Jehan,

Ifmaiel

was

humanity

He

own

title

for the future.

He

troops, in order to difpatch

ul

Mal-

the imperial
his regal

of Sultan Alia

upon receiving this

tyranny as the caufe of

therefore refolved to govern with

called

Amir Kiah, Malleck Ghizni, and

ibvith their

all

Muche had refigned

exceffively chagrined,

and began to confider his

thofe diforders.

nefs and

That

which Haffen Cacu had affumed, under the

ul dien.

all

and had driven

Amad

more mild-

Malleck Firofe, Chaja

Sidder Jehan from Delhi

them

againft Cacu.

Before

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

Before thofe

army was

ufurper's
nrlt,

to fettle

the Decan

and

in

King was informed

arrived, the

1/^11'
and Carnal ^,

Guzerat

11
and then

The

army.

recruiting his

that the^

1-

march

to

r
m perion

in

l^-

i3'i9

Higer; 7^0.
The Su'tan

therefore determined

accomplifhed, as he

fo foori

he fpent a whole year

for

He

prodigioufly encreafed.

but this bulinefs was not

imagined

firfl

Omrahs

33j

refolvei. to

to march

in

per-

at [^e relehf

regulating Guzerat>

next year was alfo fpent in be-

fieging the fort of Carnal, reducing Cutch, and the adjacent terri-

Some

tories.

nal

authors affirm, that

Mahummud

took the fort of Car-

but others, of better authority, fay, that he defifled from that

attempt, upon receiving fome prefents from the Raja.

Zeai Birni informs us, that the Sultan, one day, about this
time
"
^

told

him, that the

difeafes

He would

broke out in another.

remedy now remained,

The

of the empire were of fuch a malignant

no fooner cured them

nature, that he had

one place, than they

in

therefore be glad to

know what

to put a ftop to this contagion.

that

poet replied,

^dvic?
of Zeai Biraii
the poet,

'

when

difafFedion and difguft had once who

advffes

taken root in the minds of the people, they were not to be exter- thrcroJ^to"

minated, without tearing up the

ought to be, by

tire;

That

King ought

which would

it

in an angry tone,

to inveft his fon

obliterate all

The
at

*'

ftate

little

his

that the Sultan

was

to be

hoped

former

opinion, in this cafe,

The

injuries,

and difpofe the

Sultan, fays Birni, anfwered ^^^^j^'^^

whom

he could

truft,

and

to fcourge his fubjeds for their infolence,

might be the event."

Sultan, foon after this converfation

Kondal.

He

had previoufly

fent Chaja

with Zeai

Jehan and

Birni, fell fick

Amad

ul

Mu-

luck to Delhi, on account of the death of Malleck Kabire, the

viceroy,

with the government, and re-

That he had no fon

was determined

iKvhatever

how

was therefore

people to peace and tranquillity.

that he

of the

this time, convinced,

from punifhment.
that the

vitals

Now

Joinagur,

^^^^

'^e

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

viceroy, and called mofl: of the principal

A. D.

men of the

empire, to the

iger,

Having recovered

camp.

j.Qy^j

na'Xrto-^ his army, and fent to

\varJsT:itta.

from his

Mogul

Tiggi

From

horfe.

the Sumrahs,
thirty crores

Mohirrim

and was on the other

upon

rebel

fide joined

Marching then

which he
by

five

crofled

thoufand

and when that

a

fafl:

to flop, but, getting

pafs

the

was over, having

He

fever.

Arriving

proteflion.

of that city, be halted to

he was feized with

river,

Ouch

thence he took the rout of Tatta, to chaftife

giving the

fi^r

he muftered

hoats at Dcbalpoor, Moultan,

from Kondal, he arrived on the banks of the

in fpite of

diforder,

which he ordered towards Tatta.

Sewiilan,

^^^^

collc^l:

a little

days of the

firfi:

eat

within

fifli

to excefs,

would not however be prevailed

he proceeded

into a barge,

to

within

fourteen crores of Tatta, and upon the banks of the Sind, on the
^ventyfirft of Mohirrim, in the year 752, this tyrant
Pie,.

His execrable

by death, and

^^^^"^y ^^^^^ ycars

charader.

up

fliut

all

of

He

the dark dungeon of the grave.

abilities,

to

be detefled by God,

reigned

and feared

m.en.

SECTION
The Reign

conquered

during which time, he fecms to have laboured

contemptible

and abhorred by

in

vi'as

Sultan

xvni.

Moazim Mohizzib Firose Shaw,

the fon of Sallar Rigib.

FIROSE

Shaw was nephew

Tughlick Shaw

and the

to the

late Sultan

Mahummud,

ceived great fiiendfhip for him, defigned to

and

for that purpofe,

Omralis.

Emperor Yeaz

make him

recommended him upon

Upon Mahummud's

ul dien

having con-

his fuccefibr,

his death-bed, to the

demife the army

fell

into the utmoH:

confufion.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAR

tonfulion.

Omralis

Shaw having

Firofe

move

mercenaries to
difturbances,

gained over the majority of t^^^-^^ 'jy*

he

till

fome

to

fhould

upon the Mogul

with prefents,

party, prevailed,

to his

537

diftance

from the camp, to prevent

reduce

the

of the army

reli

tp

obedience.

Amir

Norofe, an

Omrah who commanded

a great

body of

thcDefignsof

imperial troops, deferted that night, and, having joined AItu Chan,
the general of the

Mogul

"-J.^"^"'

now was

him, that

told

mercenaries,

the

the time to plunder the late Emperor's treafure, and to retreat to

their

to adopt

morning
fion,

this

to

and

Firofe

ireafure.

the

tions, led

which was

camp,

a very {harp

after

Shaw,

army

was

They

fcheme.

lucrative

the

Chan

Altu

country.

native

to

therefore

returned

next

in

very great confu-

fkirmifh, loaded

fome camels with

fecure

Sewan,

to

upon

prevailed

eafily

ftill

himfelf from

further

depreda-

and took every poflible means to

defend himfelf againft the avarice of the mercenaries.

The Omrahs,

the day after this movement, waited upon Firofe Firofe shaw

Shaw, and intreated him

to

mount the

tended excufes, he favoured the

throne.

Omrahs with

After

many

his confent,

^''^

pre-

J]'^"^^^''

and was

accordingly proclaimed Sultan.

He, the very

prifoners,

firfl:

day of his reign, gave orders to ranfom

who, during the

of the people of Tatta

the

Mogul

mercenaries,

forced the reft to

The

fly

late confufion,

had

fallen into the

many
hands

and upon the third day, he marched againft

took

many of

towards their

own

Sultan, foon after, directed his

their chiefs

prifoners,

and

country.

march

to the fort

of Bicker,

and gladdened the face of the court with princely prefents, and gave

Vol.

I.

very

Defeats the

Jf^frks"^*^*

THE HISTORY OF HTNDOSTAN.^

33^
Hi^r
Hi.

V^'z'.'

liberality, ^'[^'^^^^^

renevoicr.ee,

and chaiity.

ci.aja Jchan

("dhu*

his

fg^t

Amad

adits

of benevolence and charity.

At Outch the Empcror

Jelian, a relation

of the

received advices from Delhi, that Chaja

Firofc

Sultan Yeas ul dien

Shaw

who had

fent

now about

late Sultan,

Seif

whom

refufed to pay

him

ul

dien

who

if

the dotage of years,

he would relinquifh

his

himfelf in the mean time re-

Outch.

to regulate the territory of

foon after joined by Malleck

empire,

to expoftulate with

^
now in

with promifes of forgivenefs and favour,

The Emperor

allegiance.

Shanapil,

the old man, who, he thought, was

mained with the army,

he had adopted, by the

and had maffacred a nuni-

ridiculous fcheme.

ninety years of age,

Mahummud,

fends to expoiioiate with

Ali Ghori againft Tiggi,

'

Jr

vvhere hc did many

ber of the citizens

Sulian

from

with a part of his army, and marched himfelf towards Outch,

name of

The

Muluck and Amir

ul

had placed upon the throne, a boy

foT

He

very liberally to the Zemindars of Bicker and Scwiftan.

Muckbul Amud

ul

Muluck

He was

vizier of the

received a Chelat and a confirmation of his former

dignity.

Chaja Jchan
ba"fiVto" the

Sultan,

Firofe

Shaw having reached

Haffi on

his

way

to Delhi,

ambaffador from Chaja Jehan, acquainting him, that

pjj.g ^y^s in

the hands of Sultan

would be no more than

Mahummud's

that

it

title

of the young King, and adl as

The

Sultan immediately convened the

dor, and alked

juftice

them whether they

in

now

met an
the

em-

family, and therefore,

him,

to

acknowledge the

Regent, during the minority.

Omrahs before the ambaflaknew any of the male iflue of

Mahummud. They all declared, that unlefs Malana Cumal ul dien,

zn Omrah then prefent, knew of any, they were perfectly ftrangers to
any furviving iflue of Mahummud. Molanamade anfvver, that though
one Ihould remain of the iflue of the former Sultan, it was now advifeable

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK.

believe

from

We

by what was already done.

ftand

vifeablc to

^39

have reafon to

who was fet up

Mahummud, though it was,

circumftance, that the youth

this

Delhi, was actually a fon of Sultan

that time, prudent in the

The Emperor,

Omrahs

after the

'^\^- n<9hf\
^

at

''"
*

at

not to acknowledge him.

council, fent

Daood Molana Zada the who

de fires to

ambaflador back to acquaint Chaja Jehan of what had pafled, and matTrramU*
to advife

Daood

him

to

arrived

accommodate matters

in the

place haftened to the

fion.
rat,

city,

number of the

camp of

When

in an amicable way.

men

principal

Firofe Shaw, and

made

in the

their fubmif-

Much about the fame time, advices were received from Guzethat Mahummud Tiggi was defeated by Amud ul Muluck
and
:

that very day, a fon

was born

to the

Emperor,

whom

Thefe fortunate circumftances concurred

Fatte Chan.

he named

to (Irengthen

the Sultan's intercft.

Chaja Jehan, perceiving that he could not fupport the young King>

made

overtures towards an accommodation, to Firofe Shaw.

fomc refpc^able Omrahs

and to

folicit leave to

fented, and

to intercede

baniflied

Sultan con-

came,

accompanied by fome of the

The King^

of his party, to make his fubmiiTion.

according to his promife, gave

fonment.

The

accordingly the old man, with his head bare, and his

men

of HafTen

fent'"'^""""

with the Sultan for his pardon,

pay his refpcfls in pcrfon.

turban hung round his neck,

principal

He

Chaja jehan

to take

him under

Malleck Chattab,
to Karkinda,

him

his

his care,

life,

but ordered the Cutwal

which was

a kind of impri-.

one of Chaja Jehan's

afTociates,.

wa^

and Sheck Zadda Guftami expelled the

court.

Upon
marched

the fecond day of Regib, in the year 752, Firofe

into Delhi, and

mounted

Shaw

Firoie

the imperial throne.

X 2

dlitely

siilaw

rives at

He immc- peihi
!

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

340
A.

p. 1352. diately

began

to

from

all

flocked

adminifter impartial juftice to his

quarters, with

time, conferred offices and

Hunts

Upon

at

>'.'"n"ie-

upon

Zemindars

born to him

to

obedience.

whom

at Delhi,

*dered great rejoicings to be

his favours

with a

upon

the tneari

in

Omrahs.

his

He,

the

in

he named

made upon

to-

of Sirmorc, and reduced.

hills

mean

time, had a foa

Mahummud

Chan, and or-

the occafion

diflributing

hand.

liberal

In the year 754, the Sultan hunted at Callanore.

Builds a

Whtr

the following year, he, in order

the fifth of Siffer, in

hunt, removed his court towards the

feveral

He,

their petitions.

titles

p6ople,

his return, a palace to be built

He

upon the banks of the

ordered,.

Surfuti

and towards the end of the year, appointed Chan Jehan to the viceRebellion in
-Bengal.

He

royfhip of Delhi.

himfelf, in the

Lucknouti, to fubdue Elias Hadgee,

Shumfe

Sultan

When

marched towards

time,

who had

and polTefTed himfelf of

ul dien,

even to Benaris.

mean

aflumed the
all

title

of

Bengal and Behar

he had arrived in the neighbourhood of

Gorukpoor, the Zemindars of that place, Odeyfing and Rai Capoor,

having brought proper prefents, were admitted to his

prefertce.

'

^..^ ^r'-^

'fr'i'-

The

'hn":

Sultan having penetrated as far as Punduah, one of the

refi-

dences of the princes of Bengal, Elias Hadgee retreated to a ftrong

port at Ackdalla,

lued, but Elias

the Sultan
The

Hadgee

to furround

to

bdrto'batde

Shaw, intending

to

him,
in

this fituation

change his ground, and

a retreat,

order of battle.
to attack

ad:ion en-

the place being almoft inacceffible.

Ganges, went out to reconnoitre.

he meditated

An

fecured himfelf in his port, which obliged

Things having continued

Su!tn

Jab"fried

whither the Sultan purfued him.

for
to

twenty days, Firofe

encamp on

the banks

The enemy imagining

that

advanced out of their poft, and drew up

But when they faw

that the Sultan

iri

was preparing

them, they again retreated within their works, but with

fuch

THE HISTORY

OF.^.I^XNiDOST AN.

fuch precipitation and confufion, that

dards,

elephants,

The

into the Sultan's hands.

fell

44.

^^541

and many ftan-

^]-;g^;/^53-

coming on

rainy feafon

with great violence, a kind of peace was patched up between them.,

and the Sultan returned difappointed to Delhi.

^.

io (\i\n sHj noqli

In the year 755, the Sultan built the city of Firofeabad, adjoining FirofeSHaw
to that of

Delhi

where he made

and in the following year marched

The King,

Jidger.

100 miles

a canal

and Sirmore, cut

in the year

a channel

ded into feven ftreams

in length,

He drew

757, between the

to the works.

of Mendouli

hills

from the Gion or Jumna, which he divi-

one of which he brought to Hafll, and from

caftle,

calling

it

by

>

his

foon after, a canal from the Cagar, paffing by

the walls of Sirfutti,

and joined

which he

named

built a city,

it

to

him, Firofeabad.

after

works were of prodigious advantage

them with water

to

.93Ib<^,

the rivulet of Kerah, upon

watered with another canal from the Gion or Jumna.

fupplying

Debalpoor,

from the Suttuluz

thence to Beraifen, where he built a ftrong

own name.

to

This

city

he

Thefe public

the adjacent countries, by

for their lands,

and with a commodious

water-carriage, from place to place.

An

embally about

ditions of peace

this

time arrived, with prefents and

new con-

from Bengal, which the Sultan accepted, and foon

after ratified the treaty.

Bengal became in a great meafure indepen-

Bengal and
become^^ndeP"*^*"'*

dent of the empire, paying only a fmall acknowledgment annually,

by way of prefent.
that thefe

two

great

He exaded

no other terms of the Decan;

members were now lopt

off

fo

from the government

of Delhi.

-^,n

In the year 759, the Sultan of Bengal fent a

and other rich

prefents, to Delhi,

number of elephants

which was amply

repaid in Ara-

bian and Perfian horfes, jewels, and other rich curiofities.

But when'
the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. D. 1J57. ti^g imperial

embafly arrived

to tho

Tiiey thought proper not to proceed further, and returned

throne.

ihc

Behar, they received news of Sbumfo

and that his Ton Afcunder Chan had acceded

ul dien's death,

jnvafinnsof

at

The

to Delhi.

being in the fame year encamped at Semana,-.

S"ultan,

j-g^gjyg^ advices that the

He

Debalpoor.

incurfion as far

as

forthwith ordered Malleck Kabool, with a great

army, againft them

themfelves

Moguls had made an

with

but the Moguls, before his

fpoij,

had

and

retreated

arrival,

towards

had laden

own

their

country.

Notwithftanding of the treaty of 757, the Sultan, in the year

bvadee's-n
gal.

760, rcfolved upon another expedition into Bengal.

at Zifferabad,

he lay

he cantoned there h\$ army, during the

at this place,

who had

Shech Zadda BuftamI,

Having

arrived

rain.

When

been baniOied,

returned embaflador from the Caliph of Mifler, with a chelat

which he was

Azim

ul

gracioufly

An

Muluck.

received, and

dignified

with the

title

embafly having been, in the mean time,

fopv

of
dif'

patched to Afcunder Chan, Sultan of Bengal, returned with another

on

his part,

apd with rich prefents.

with thefe concelTions, marched,

The King

after

not being fatisfied

the rains were over, towards

Lucknouti, and on his way conferred the enfigns of royalty upon the
Prince Fatte
to

peace with
Acfcunder,
Sultan of

lengai.

whom
The

Chan

his fon.

He

gave him mailers for his inftrud;ion,

the royal youth gave great attention.

Sultan having arrived at

Pundwah,

A^efcunder, after the cx-

^^r,\Q of his father, retreated to Ackdalla, and (hwt himfelf

r
Being however clofely invefled, and reduced to
that place.

up
in
*
great

he fent 48 elephants, and other prefents, to the Sultan, with

In a few days the terms were agreed upon, and
overtures of peace.
ftraits,

the Sultan marched to Jionpoor, where he cantoned

another feafon, an

then moved

down behind

his

army

for

the mountains, towards

Jtfgenagur.

Firofe

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTxAN.

Firofe

Shaw havln?

crofled the river

Mendri, arrived

at the capital

of the Raja of Jagenagur, which w^s

upon the Emperor's approach,

towards

fled

The

alfo called Benaris.

Raja,

Having plun-

Tilling.

343

'35^.
Higer. 760.
pi^^c^

shaw

'^^^^^^

dered the country, Firofe Shaw returned, and, upon his way, was

by the Raja of Beerbhan, whoprefented him with 37 elephants,

and other valuable prefents, upon confideration of not ravaging the
piet

country.

The

rout, and, as
-

Sultan

having received the

changed

prefents,

his

he pafTed through the woods of Puddmawitti, which

abounded with elephants, he caught 33 of them, and killed a few

He

in the chace.

then continued his march, and arrived at Delhi,

in the year 762.

who had much

Firofe Shaw,

at

heart the improvement of his Scheme

for

country, was informed, that near Hirdar there was a mountain from treTndl^of
which there iflued a great ftream of water, which fell into the Suttu -

luz; and that beyond that place there was a fmall rivulet called Seli-

ma, divided only by a rifmg ground, from the

we

have

jufl:

The

mentioned.

which

large ftream

Sultan confidered, that by

making

cut through this eminence, the great ftream might be carried into
the rivulet, and fo form a river to water the countries of Sirhind and
jiyiunfurpoor,from whence

it

He

great trad:s of land fertile.

way, and ordered

cut the palTage.

fifty

might be carried
therefore

Sunnam, and

marched immediately that

When the workmen

were

in this place

ibme immenfe

arm bones of which meafured guzes.

were in

The

their natural ftate,

and others

employed in

Ikeletons

phants in one place, and in another, thofe of a gigantic

the

fo render-

thoufand labourers to be colled:ed together to

great depth, they found

tijgging

to

of ele-

human

Some of

form?

the bones

petrified.

Sultan having finifhed this great work, built a fort at Sirhind,

which he

He

Firofe

Shaw

from that place marched towards g5acur?

the mountains of Nagracut, where he was. overtaken by a ftorm of
called Firofepoor.

hail

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

"I'^E

544
A. IX ix6a. l^ail

He however

and fnow.

laflalning

nions

lome

on

lofs

reduced the Raja of thofp parts, after

and confirmed him again

his fide,

changing the name of Nagracut,

abad, in honour of the former Sultan.

that the Goddefs,

whom

to

Firofe

that of

in his

domi-

Mahummud

Shaw was

told here,

the Hindoos worfhipped in the

temple of

Nagracut, was the image of NoQiaba, the wife of the great Secunder,

which that conqueror had

now changed

The name

with them.

Jewallamuckie.

to that of

alfo at that time,

left

In

of the idol

the temple there

is

was

a fine library of the books of the Brahmins, con-

fining of one thoufand and three hundred volumes.

The

Sultan ordered one of thofe tooks, wliich treated of philofo-

phy, aflrology, and divination, to be tranflated into the Perfian lanInveflj Tatta,

guage, and called

it

Dellael Firofe

maved down by

conquefl: of Nagracut,

Jambani,

who had

Shawi

*.

The

Sind towards Tatta, wher

been always a fubjedt of Delhi, had rebelled and

The

fortified himfelf.

and forage became

Sultan

inverted the city

exceffively fcarce,

He

j^^!^

as provifions

in with

fet

march

to

Guze-

there fpent the feafon in hunting, and after the rains, he

conferred the government of Guzerat upon

^'^

but

and the rains had

great violence, he was obliged to raifethe fiege, and

rat.

Sultan, after the

Zifi^er

Chan, and

return-*

again to Tatta.

Jambani capitulated, and delivered himfelf up

who

carried him, and the principals of his fadlion, to

to the Sultan,

Delhi
lent

but

him

to

after

refume

fome time, he took him again into favour, and

his

former government.

* Dellael Frrofe Shawl fignifies the arguments of Firofe Shaw. Some authors relate,
imgge pow worfhipped at Nagracut, is not that of Nofhaba, which, fay they,
Firofe Shaw fent to Mecca, where It was buried before the door of the great mofque.
ihat the

It is not improbable, but Alexander, who penetrated to the Indies, might have
image of one of the GreciaQ Goddefles, upon the frontiers of his conquefts.

Brahmins might have, with

their

own growth,

lefs

abfurdity, converted this foreign

than thofe holy perfons at Rome,

Tonans into one of St. Peter

which formerly held the thunder.

Jupiter

difgracing

Goddefs

who have changed

left

ao

The

into one

of

the ftatue of

with a parcel of keys, that hand

In

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fon was honoured with his

two

years after,

when

A. D. 137*.
Higer. 77^
happened, The vizier
c-and Prince
ir

died, and his

till

Chan Jehan

In the year 774, Malleck Muckbool

34^

Nothing remarkable
1was plunged into the gult

titles.

101
the Sultan

or Royal

die.

by the death of his favourite fon Fatte Chan, a prince of

affliction,

great expectations.

Ferofe Shaw, in the year 778, was informed that the revenues of

This induced him

Guzerat were greatly deficient of the collections.

to liften to the propofals of Chaja
offered to give

Shumfe

Wamaghani, who

ul dien

one hundred elephants, forty lacks of rupees, four

hundred Abafiinian

flaves,

and forty Arabian horfes,

every

year,

over and above the prefent payment, fhould he be appointed to that

government.

The

name was

Shumfe

alfo

fucceffor of Ziffer

ul dien, the

to give as

But

would not

nuds were
for

viceroy

agree,

Not being

able

the next year to perform

mife, he withheld the revenue, and rebelled,

ment upon

and therefore the Sun-

Wamaghani, and he forthwith

granted to

Guzerat.

Chan, who

much, he (hould be continued.

was dead, would confent

to this the

whpfe

Sultan replied, that if the prefent viceroy,

which was

the Sultan for his folly and avarice.

fet

out

his pro-

a iuft punifh-

The rebel

however,

^^^^"'otiia
lu^f^^^d.

having greatly opprefled the people of his province, a confpiracy was

formed

againft

him, and

him, and, by the

fent his

happened during

head

afliftance

of the Siddas, they feized

This was the only rebellion which

to Delhi.

this Sultan's reign.

The government of Guzerat

was conferred upon Malleck Mufirrah, with the

of Firhit ul

title

Muluck.

There was

a petty infurreClion
t'

among

779. It was however loon

brought- to punifhment, while forts were

the

yerar

fuhieCtion.

the Zemindars of Atava, in

^1
crulhed,

/-

built to

the Sultan

In the Jyear 781,

I

and the miurgents

keep them

Vol. L

The'

Atu-

va.

in proper

marched towards Samana,J

'^'^^ ^"^^''^'^

progrefs to

the mr.un tains

'

-f

Aninfurrecdon. at

Vizier.

or'oaitoor.

Amballa,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

346
A. D. 1379.
iliger.

Amballa, and Shawabad,

as far as the

781,

toor,

and

after

demanding

his tribute

which they paid him, he returned

Much

Revenges too

the

delTlf sdd
Mahumniud.

foot of the mountains of

from the Rajas of the

SaL

hills,

to his capital.

about this time information was brought to the Emperor,

Zemindar of Kitter, whofe name was Kirgu, had

invited Seid

jviahummud, Subaof Budaoon, andanumber of bisfamily, tohishoufe,,

where he

The Sultan

them.

bafcly affaffinated

enraged

at this villainy,

marched immediately that way, and took fevere vengeance upon the
alTbciates

and kindred of the

them without

putting

allaflin,

The murderer

to the fword, and kvelling their houfes with the ground.

made

himfelf

his

eft^ape

protected by the Rajas of thofe parts.

ment of

his

army

The

thoufand of thofe unhappy mountaineers,

The

llavery.
feverity.

Sultan's jufticein

Sultan ordered a detach-

They brought back

them..

againft

Cumaoon, and was

the mountains of

to

who were

this cafe,

diftindlion

all

near thirty

condemned

to

degenerated into extream

Neither did the misfortunes brought upon thofe miferablehis

captives, fatisfy

for

thirft

revenge.

He

returned, every year^

under pretence of hunting, to that unhappy country

and not the

hearts

of the

foreft,

were

off all the inhabitants, and converted

his prey.

but the people,

He

by degrees cut

whole provinces into a wilder-

nefs.

The

Age and

Sultan
*^

Jndinfif

rofe

infirmity began, in the year 787, to prefs hard

Shaw.

affairs,

falfe-

a dtfign
againfthis

falfely

the Vizier, having the fole

became very powerful

much under
His fon

Chan Jehan

his direction

to accufe

in

g^^Q^jj^ Mallcck

He

all

Mahummud

againft his father's life, in

Summa

brought the old

man

ul

in the empire.

management of

The

things, that he

Chan, the King's

recalled

Sultan was Co

had the effrontery

fon,

of a defign

conjundion with Ziffer Chan, Malleck

dien,

and Malleck

Kummal

ul dien.

firmly to credit this accufation, and obtain-

ed his authority to fecure the fuppofed confpirators.

was accordingly

upon Fe-

Ziffer

Chan

party

from Mahoba, and confined.

THE liV^^bRY
A

oT^ 'fflND

party was fent to feize the Prince,

who

347

gence of the defign againft him, began to provide for

own

placing guards, and fortifying himfelf in his

fituation

he remained fhut up for fome days

obtained leave for his wife to

went

his armour,

When

glio.

women

and

and

his

palace.
at

In this

latl,

to'^unTecdvi

having

the King's Zinnana, he put on

vifit

and was carried into the Sera-

into the clofe chair,

he difcovered himfelf

in

that

the frightened

drefs,

ran fcreaming into the Sultan's apartment, and told him,

that the Prince had

The

intelli- ^- ^- '^^sHiger. 787.

fecurity, The Pnnce's

havin? previous

come

armour with a treafonable

in

defio-n

Prince having followed them, prefented himfelf to his father,

falling at his

told

feet,

him with

great emotion,

*'

That the

had entertained of him were worfe than death itfelf.

That he came therefore to receive it from his own hands. But firfl

fufpicions he

he begged

leave to inform him, that

the villainous

pave his

he was perfedily innocent of

charge which the Vizier had purpofely contrived
to

own way

to the throne."

Ferofe Shaw, fenfible of his fon's fmcerity,

clafped him in his The V.
i2ier
arms, and weeping, told him he had been
deceived ; and therefore ^''"'-^''^
defired

the

him

traitor.

to proceed as his

judgment fhould

Mahummud

this

upon

ordered twelve thoufand horfe to be in readinefs.

furrounded the Vizier's houfe that night,

friends,

came out

to

put

prefence,

With

who upon

Prince's approach,

him, againft

direft

went out from the

this

and

body he

hearing of the

Chan to death, and colledling

engage him in the. ftreet.
Upon the firft
ZifFer

his

onfet,

the traitor was wounded, and drew

back

to his

houfe.

immediately towards Mewat, and the Prince

feizcd

and cut off

fled

his wealth,

his adherents.

Ferofe Shaw,
re.ns

all.

He

immedu.cly

after thefe

tranraaions,

of government into the hands^^pf his

y ^

fon,

re%ned

and abdicated

.he TheSl.

the^^Hi,

throne.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

/^.D. 1387.
Hijer. 789.

The

throne.

dien

ul

Shaban 789
in

an

and immediately ordered

his

He

name.

father's

the

Omrah

in great repute,

with the

title

was promoted

the

Chutba

Shaw

to the

month of
to be

the

fettled

and diftributed Chelats among the Omrahs.

zerat,

up

Dunia, afcended the throne in

iil

own and

his

ftate,

The Vizier

Mahummud

of

title

Nazir

<lei^'^ered

the

alTumins;

Prince

read

offices

of

Malleck Eacoob,

government of Gu-

of Secunder Chan.

Secunder Chan having arrived at Mavat, upon his way

government, Goga Chohan, with

whom Chan Jehan

his

to

the Vizier had

taken refuge, fearing the Sultan's refentment, feized him, and fcnt

him bound

to

who

Secunder Chan,

cut off his head, and fent

it

to

Delhi.

The

Sultan

hunts at Sir-

Mahummud Shaw

went with

his

army,

790, towards

in the year

the mountains of Sirmore, to hunt, according to the cuftom of fove-

more.

When he was employed

reigns.

ces were received, that Firrhit ul

Rebellion in

of Guzcrat, had

Gu7.erat.

r^j^^

in the diverfion of the chace, advi-

Muluck,

at the

rifen in rebellion, defeated

Sultau haftened to Delhi

but, as if

and

all at

head of the Siddas

Secunder Chan.

flain

once infatuated, he

gave himfelf up entirely to pleafure, and feemed to be infenfible of

the lofs which he had fuftained, and of the dangers in

conduct had involved him.

roufe

him from

filled their

Bha

ul dien

agamft"he
Sultan,

The

his lethargy,

When

old

his

nephew, Bha

Omrahs attempted

ul dien,

refolved to rufh

upon him in

He,

for this purpofe,

Omrahs,

and

arming

with the

thoufand

flaves,

difgraced

to

flatterers.

midfl of his dream of pleafure.

fpired

his

he turned them from his prefenee, and

employs with pimps and court

Sultan's

which

ereded the ftandard of

rebellion.

one

The

con-

hundred

Sultan im-

mediately difpatched Malleck Zehir ul dien Lahori, to treat with

the rebels.

When

he came to their amp, which was pitched

without

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

without the
to retire,

mob

pelted

bruifed

a peaceable

poflefTed themfelves of the palace,

became now

at length,

A* l^* i387
Higer. 785.

feeing

to beftir

againft the confpirators, and,

bloody conteft, drove them into the

after a

Mahummud

accommodation, began,

army

and obliged him

ftones,

and wounded.

himfelf, and advanced with his

city

him with

much

very

no hopes of

the

city,

349

They immediately
renewed the fight. The a

city.

and again

a horrid fcene of llaughter and confufion.

During

dreadful

[Jg^^ky

the fpace of two days and two nights, there was nothing but death
every ftreet

in

friends

and

jumbled together without any

The

Haves,

upon the

Palakie, and fet

When

pofTibility

and vanquifhed, were

of diftindtion.

third day, brought out the old King, in his

him down

young

the

foes, vidtors

Sultan's

in

the ftreet between the combatants.

troops faw their former mafter,

afFedion returned, and, imagining that this was

his, they, at once, deferred the prince,

joy to

Shaw.

Firofe

Mahummud

retinue, to the mountains of Sirmore.

Both

between^'Te^

voluntary deed of,

^

inftantly,

with

King

their

and crouded with Ihouts

fled

Tlie old

both parties
of 2 O'e' to

fmall

parties looking

up

to

the aged Monarch, fettled themfelves into peace in his prefence.

Ferofe Shaw, unable to govern, on account of the infirmities of Ferofe Shaw

by advice of the Omrahs, Tughlick Shaw, the fan of g!-andron"on

Fatte Chan, and his own grandfon, upon the throne.
The flaves,
age, placed,

in the

mean

time, affaffinated

Amir

for having endeavoured to fupport

the

firft

throne,

orders

was

ifl"ued

to kill

Haflen, the Sultan's fon in law,

Sultan

Mahummud:

and even

by Tughlick Shaw, when he mounted the imperial

all

the adherents of

Mahummud,

wherever they

fliould be found.

Ferofe Shaw,
year 790.

who had

arrived at the age of ninety, died in

Though no freat

warrior in the

field,

he was,

by

the

ferofe

shaw

his His chara^er.

ej^cellent

THE HISTORY OF IHNDOSTAN.

350
Hi^r

^^^^^^^'^^ qualities,

well calculated for a reign of peace.

to the inhabitants of

of Samana,

is

Qimaoon,

a great blot in his reputation.

But

to this he,

per-

for, the

pcr-

murdered were Seids or defcendants of the prophet.

......

He

His pubiitk
works.

feverity

for the aflaflination of the governor

haps, was prompted by a religious zeal and enthufiafm

fons

His

reigned thirty eight yeare and nine months, and

memorials of his magnificeuce in

fluices, forty

dred palaces,

five

pleafure gardens he

hofpitals,

an

built fifty great

hundred tombs,

fifty wells,

of

ten baths,

one hundred bridges

ten

and the

made were without number.

SECTION
The Reign

He

many

mofques, thirty fchools, twenty caravanferas, an hun-

one hundred and

fpires,

the land.

left

XIX.

Yeas ul dien, Tughlick Shaw,

the fon

of Fatte Chan, and grandfon of Sultan Firofe Shaw.

UGHLICK SHAW

Tnghllck
fheThrone.""

P^lacc

Chutba

He

of Firofcabad,

to be read,

having mounted the throne in the

ordered,

according

cuftom,

to

and the currency to be ftruck in his

appointed Malleck Firofe Alii, his Vizier, by the

the

own name.

title

of Chan

and confirmed Firrhit ul Muluck in the government of

Jehan,

Guzerat.

Sends a force
agamft his

Mahummud,
uncle

He

Chan Jehan and Bahadre Nahir

ri
r
from Sirmore, and
Mahummud Shaw

foon after fent an army under

Mcwali,

to cxpel his

^^^^ prince,

mountains.

uncle

upon the approach of the imperial army,

He

fled to

the

there took pofleflion of a ftrong poft, and, fecuring

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

351

eive the Impe--A.I5- 1388.

the wives and children of his adherents, waited to ^
Higer. 790.
He was however beat from poft to poft till he arrived
rialifts battle.
_

Nagracut, and

at

very ftrong,

his

fliut

himfelf up in that place.

That

being ^j^^

fortrefs

enemies did not think proper to befiege

^^y.^^

and

it,

therefore returned to Delhi.

Tughlick Shaw giving

and negledl-

reins to his youthful pafTions,

ing the affairs of ftate, vice, luxury and oppreffion began to

on every

He was

fide.

j^ajg ajn,,-,,;^

rife upgj^^[^"^'^

not blind to thofe misfortunes, but he mif-

took the caufe, and admitted jealoufy and miftruft within his mind.

He

confined and treated cruelly, his

his coufin

Abu

own

brother, Sallar

Shaw

and, A

confpiracy,

Bicker Shaw, having reafon to dread the Sultan's

refentment, fled the court, and to fecure himfelf, ftirred up a faction

The

againft him.

confpirators confifted of

many

the Vizier's deputy, and

Omrahs of high

many of whom,, were

the imperial fiaves,

all

other

Malleck Rukun

ul dien*

repute, with

ia the higheft offices

at court.

Matters being ripe for execution,

the

and

Divan,

general

captain

furprized, fled

afl*affinated

of

the

the confpirators ruflied inta

Malleck

Mubarick

Kabir,

the

Shaw

being

thus

Tughlick

forces.

by the Jumna gate.

Rukun

ul dien purfued him, He

and having taken him and Chan Jehan the Vizier, they were immediately put to
Siff*er,

death.

in the year

months and

This event happened on the twenty

791

Tughlick Shaw,

few days, having

fallea.

after

by the

firfi:

a reign of

eflfeds

of

five

of the folly

f youth.

SECTION

is

Mo^

THE HISTQRY.OF HI^PpSTf N,

SECTION
The Reien

"

Abu Bicker Shaw,

of

XX.
the fon of Ziffer Chan,

and grandfpn of Firofe Shaw.

A. D. 1389. '
'

^,^^6u%'iclfJ*

WI E

Malleck

the Empire.

not

confpiracy.'vvas'

ul dien,

in his

own

He

his

ambition

formed fchemes to

Abu

King, and to ufurp the throne.

wa^

and ordered him and many of the principal

^'fcftn',

But

hands.

'Tiaving timely information of his intentions,

'

Abu

raifed

being appointed Vizier,

with that high employ.

fatisfied

^^^^

difcovered

Rukun

government

^''took the reins of

King,

afTaflinated the

Bicker Shaw,' the grahdfon 'of Firofe Shaw, by a third fon,

-I

k'^^;';;,'j;^""*'t6

confpirators having

Bicker Shaw,

before

hand with

concerned in

flaves

the conlpiracy to be put to death.

wiij J-

An

infurrec-

i*^---'-

111

'

the

tioninSama-^j^^j.^y^

<,.:>:.

mean

time,

the SIdda chiefs

Malleck Saltan Shaw, the

peror, and fent his head to

Win:........-.

of Sanlaria anainnated

faft friend

Mahummud Shaw

the

of the reigning

Em-

Nagracut.

They

at

him to come and affert his right to the empire,

Mahummud Shaw accordingly, having collected his friends, adearneftly folicited

i.

01

Jallendar to Samana, and proclaiming hinifelf

^^"^^'^

Mahummud
Shaw,

Kin?

marches ffom
Nagracut.

After fome repulfes,

fee

proved vidorious,

his grave

"

at

that

place,

advanced with a great

army
towards Delhi.
o
j

Mahummud, as we fhall
and fent Abu Bicker Shaw to

twentieth of Zihige, in the year 792,

year and fix months.

5(lt

in

when he had

the fequel,

upon the

reigned one

^10^h

lavo ,vhto sliorl bnfiiuoili ov/j dliw bM^il3i humaivAM

b^^Jsqlib vbjcibgcnmi^f
i^s^Al^

moUnwW

^ ^ T f6 N

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

SECTION
The Reign

A HUM MUD,

XXI.

of Nasir ul dunia ul dien

Shaw, the
as

throne in his father's

353

Mahummud

Ton of Firofe Shaw.

we
life

was depofed and expelled by Baha

mounted thcA.

have already fcen,

How

time, in the year 789.

ul dien

he

d. 1^89.

^'fjfJ^^J^

and the other Omrahs, in

confederacy with the Siddas of Guzerat, and the Haves of the houfehold, and his tranfa<ftions

till

he (hut himfelf up

cut, has been alfo related.

When

nated Malleck Sultan

Samana,

to their

invitation,

in

in the fort

of Nagra-

the chiefs of the Siddas had

Mahummud

aflaffi-

Shaw, accordine

marched with great expedition from Nagracut,

calling all his friends

He

from Delhi.

foon found himfelf at the

marches from
^'^sracut,

head of twenty thoufand horfe, with which he advanced towards

the capital.

Upon

the fifth of Ribbi ul Achir, in the year 792, he entered

Delhi, and lighted

Shaw,

at

the palace of Jehan

Abu

Numa.

armies engaged

and on the fecond of

Jemmad

the ftreets of Firofeabad.

in

ul

Awil, the two

In the

Bahader Nahir, with a ftrong reinforcement, arrived,

Bicker, they

drove

Bicker

in the other quarter of the city, called Firofeabad, prepared

himfelf for battle

Abu

Enters -Deiiii,

mean time
and joining

marched out of Firofeabad next morning, and

Mahummud

Shaw,

with

great

flaughter,

quite

out

of nautiuer!'

Delhi.

Mahummud

retreated

Jumna j and immediately

Vol. I.

with two thoufand horfe only, over the

difpatclied

Humaioon Chan

his fon,

from'Ihe d-y

and

fevernl

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

354
^*

H-

He

fends to

Omrahs

^sveral

^P?'

the

mean

Sammana

to

Shaw were

their

his declared

maflacred them

which had

time,,

lifted

hummud with their forces,

and

is

again

made the

Mahummud

ufual appointments in the

and advanced, a fecond time,

but contented himfelf with

Shaw.

Ma-

in that

his

army

empire

towards

to pleafe

Abu=

Delhi.

city, ever fince his late

at a village called

Hin-'

purfuing

him

three crores,

and

taking his baggage, and then returned to his capital.

not

many

days after the battle of Hindali, witb

troops he had raifed at Samana,

capital,

made another attempt upon the

but fuceeeded no better than his father, being defeated at Pan^

niput, and obliged to retreat towards Samana.

cefies,

Abu

Bicker

Shaw thought

it

But

Having

at

length punifhed fome

march about twenty

Shaw was

after all thefe fuc-

unfafe to leave the capital, being

fufpicious of a fadlion in the city, in favour of

to

with<-

Mahummud, and was fo fortunate as to come ofF

once more. He drove Mahummud Shaw towards Tilla-

Humaioon Chan,
^^^^

Abu

he colleded> in a few days, an army of fifty

He, howcver, drew out

vidorious

wit'l^i''

and

oppofe

dali to

Kamaiocrr
Cband.feat-

themfelves under

Shaw had remained inadive

vidtory.

iar^

Sir,

been very opprefiive,

and many Omrahs of note having joined

mafc'herto

Bicker

upon fome

the viceroy of Moultan, Chavvas ul Mulucfc.

Suba of Boha, Rai

friends,

fell

them

flay

while the farmers in general, difgufted with

Omrahs^ of

thoufaiid horfe,.

and to

pofTedlons in other parts of the empire,

held their rents, and

mean

country,

The Zemindars

fliould be found.

government,

Bicker's

his

irt

enemies, he gave orders to plunder;

the neighbouring

who had

thoufands,

In the

himfelf,

in

cftates

wherever they

Being joined

He

army.

Iiis

town of Tillafar upon the banks of

_
^
experienced from nrft to laft, that the flaves of

Havmg

the Gang.

all

recruit

time, remained in the

raife furcc5.

Firofe

to

Mahummud

of the mofl dilafFeAed,

crores towards Tillafar,

where

Shaw.

he ventured

Mahummud

again collecting an army.

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The
fadion
at

having, by this time,

latter

body of

in the city, left the

When Abu

wards Abu Bicker.

Mahummud made
enemy's

pufhed forward

line,

troops of

Abu

Bicker

who

with

his arm.y,

the

to-

He

to the capital.

way

into

and paffing the

left,

guarded the walls,

the Budaoon gate, forced his

his baggage^

all

Bicker had drawn up his army, Mahurrmud,

quick motion to

^' ^-

concerted meafures with his

four thoufand chofen horfe,

and advanced with

Tillafar,

355

J^rd;^""^^

there engaged the

having

ajid

He

the city.

fet fire to

immediately

entered the imperial palace, whither the citizens flocked to pay

enters D;ihii

him
'

their refpects.

But Abu Bicker Shaw, having

Mahummud,

clofely purfued

ai'-

i,

noain

ciii^

rived the fame day before the city j and having forced the guards ^^^j^'^^g-^^^j.
which Mahummud Shaw had placed at the gates, advanced to the; Vj ^Misirpf

drove

palace, and

Mahummud

Shaw, whofe troops had

He

themfelves, quite out of the city.

to Tillafar,

where he joined

his

was obliged

army, having

lofl

difperfed

to retreat again

the major part of

bis detachment in the adion.

S(ymt time having thus paffed, without any decifive adion, Mu- The chief of
bufhirHagib, chief of the imperial flaves, known by the title of jl^'^^^^^J;
'

Tflam
iimiii

Chan,
^
>

that if he

fupport

with

Abu

Bicker, wrote to

to

Abu

the

greatefl: part

alfo

he would

flaves,

capital,

and

fled

with

Mewat.

Mahum.mud Shaw,

Abu Bkker

difcovered the difafFedion of the flaves and

abandoned the
others in his army, (hamefully
a fmall retinue to

city,

in the

afcended the imperial throne.

month of Ramzan,

He
Z z

entered Delhi and

gave the vizarit to iflam Chan,

2

to

Delhi.

'

who were under his

Mahum.mud was again in mo-

of the

Bicker hearing that

and having

Mahummud, hummud
.

would make another attempt upon the

him with

diredion.
tion,

difo-ufted

to

jj'.^hi."''
,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A^D^uco. to
llije:.

whom

793,

Qwqd

he. .prijj)cip&Uy

Iblf firmly eflabliflied,

he ordered

to the flavcs of I'irofc

Shaw,

The

ilaves,

ta his pwrtiVlfe.

to

this defertion, turned out, a

upon pain

expeU the

Biany

flaves,

Some of
!*nfercy,

ai>ainft

to be

made, and fuch

as

upon

poor wretches,

thofe

Abu

attacked-in

*^^ffLsb.^

Bicker,

his

ill'

drove

Abu

The

prince, however,

GiKierac.

founded

'^^^-^o* ^^'^^

it

with th^
.madl bal

the flaves, began to

.^where^^hc died
p

this

army

arrived at Kotluh,

exerted his utmoft efforts in

Iflam Cha'ify

Bicker, after a brave reflftance, quite off the

fome

field.

M^-

the fame time, with great expedition,

at

Abu

Bicker Shaw,

furrcndcrcd himfclf, and was

who

being gallantly fupported' by

towards Mewat, where

,
KcbeIl:on

They were,

by advice of Bahadr Nahir, furpHzfed Humaioon Chan

camp.

Abu

When

Bicker.

hummud Shaw marched

All

having expelled

after

out for

army, and fent Humaioon Chan his fonJ with a coflfidfe'^

oppofing-'^fhei'^nemy,

ftirrenders

occafion, cried

word Gurragurri, by 'Which

of Hindoftan, were put to death.

rable force againft

this

maflfacred-.

'

Kicker,
is

were found, were

affirming that they were originally Turks.

recruit his

Abu

this decree,

unwilling to leave Delhi, concealed themlelves-; a fearch

Mahunvnud Shaw,

"

where they had

city,

Notwithftanding of

th^y were immediately diftinguiflied.

iiumaioon,
marching

Mahummud, upon

Bicker.

appear in the

'tipon this, ordered to pronounce the

fe:cen.t

which belonged

few vyho remained, and ordered them

-of death, never to

was ordered

^^.^^

Abu

acquired fuch dangerous influence.

the elepliants

inraged at this injuftice, fled the city

all

he found him-

be taken from them, and converted

that night, an^-^Taftcnqd toiyojn

Mahummud

When

his reftoration.

feeing

fent prifoner to

no hopes

left,'

the fort of Merat^*^

years after.

'

'

Mahummud

Shaw,

returning

in

" to Delhi, received advices 'tfiaf

governor of GuzerAt, rebelled. Zifl^er
-

Malleck Muffirru

Sultani,

^^^A Sm'nS?&'

"^y

,.

to, fupprefe the

rebeHiort i -biit for the particulars of this expedition,

we muft

'Soi*
Higer. 794.

refer

the reader

In

tOi

tlse

the hiftory of the province of Guzerat *.

ydar 794, intelligence was brought to Delhi, that Rai

Nirfingh, Sirvadhone of Rhator, and Bireban of Beflu, chiefs

Mah urn mud

Hindoos, had rofe in arms againft the Empire.

^^^[^^^

of thb
order- LumrnurfEM

ed Iflam Chan, with a confiderable force again/l Narfingh, the mofl:

powerful of the infurgents.

and attended his conqueror to

fubjugatfed at

theXame

-The

-otij^er

two

doul bnn ^absm ad oJ

time^/

and

are'recli>.

was defeated, made peace,

Narlingh
Dellii-.-

^^'"^'5?

chiefs csvem
bsi-^-h-'o rs'^?

account of fome giievance, rofe

,The Zemindars of Attava, upon
*

ravaged
in
arms,
Bittaram
and
the
adjacent Pecand
at the fame time

Rebellion

in-

Attava queUed.

The Sultan marched againft them in perfon, and chaftiThe fort of Attava was levelled with the ground, and
them.

gunnahs.
fcd

Mahummud
which

cities,

took the rout of Kinnoge and Tiilafar, in the

he built

a fort,

which, from his

Mahummud- abad.

laai

own name^ he
Mfi //fins

laft

of

called

Advice came to the Sultan from Delhi, that Iflam Chan the Vi^
zier,

was preparing

provinces
capital,

to liy to

Lahore and Moultan,

the flames of rebellion,

Mahummud

and charged Iflam Chan with

his

.ooiemoH

aid iiwi 331

to kindle in thofe

haftened to

T'he Vizfe?
faWelv ac-,
cufed of

the.

treafonable intentions.

The Vizier abfolutely denied the fadl, but Jaju, a Hindoo and his
own nephew, fwore falfely againft him. The Sultan being either
convinced of his Vizier's

power, condemned

no

him

guilt, or inftigated

to die.

fmall promoter of the Vizier's

Muckurrib

ul

Muluck was,

Mahummud-abad.
* Our
<^

all

author's fecond

at the

Chaja Jehan,
fall,

who was

was advanced

to

perhaps a

his

in the original PerfTani

-sbMnS,
P"'^^'""'^

office.

fame time, appointed governor of

ir^mfv-

volume

by a jealoufy of his

yjilM
tfeau'^tiy^IrtiS hmiJ?

the provinces of Hindoftan.

la

.^Biawi^*

THE HISTORY OF ,H|NDOSTAN.

^8

In the year 795, Sirvadhone of Rhator, and Bireban of

A. D. 1392.

The Hindoo pcarcd in arms

c.i.e

ti

arjain in

BifTu,

and Muckurrib was ordered, with the troops

hummud-abad,

at

ap-

Ma-

them.

againfl;

arms.

The

Sultan

Su'tan

Mahummud,

fomc difturbances

about this time, marched toMewat, to quell

abad, he was taken

ill

his

return

When

he was

in

his

The

hadr Nahir.

rebels,

Sultan,

drew up

his

army

but he was defeated, and

The

Sultan

though

Mewat.

haftened to

illnefs,

Mahummud-

far

the

country

to

the

from being recovered of

Bahadr Nahir,

at Kottilah,

news was

this condition,

brought, that Bahadr Nahir * had plundered

gates of Delhi.

to

of a dangerous fever, which rendered him de^

fome days.

lirions for

Upon

in that place.

who

headed the

Mahummud

and gave

battle

^^v/

fled to Jidgcr.

Mahumniud, after this vidtory, returned to Mahummud- abad,

and in the month of Ribbi ul awil of the year 796, fent his fon

Humaioon Chan,
pofTeflcd himfelf

cru(h Shicha Gicker,

to

to

rebelled,

But before the prince had

of Lahore.

news was brought

who had

him of

his father's deceafe

and

Delhi,

left

for the Sultan hav-'

ing relapfed into his former diforder, expired on the 17th of Ribbi
ul awil, at

Mahummud-abad.

months, and

Sultan

Humaioon
throncr^^

his

body was depofited

Mahummud

Chan afcended

Dies.*

reigned about
at

fix years

the throne, by the

...
all

and feven

Delhi, with his fathers.

being mixed with the dead, his fon

continued or confirmed
esiflil'.:...;>

He

Humaioon

name of Secunder Shaw.

his father's ofiicers

He

but beinof in a few

days taken with a violent diforder, he went the way of his fathers,
after a reign
*

An

of forty- five days.

adhereat of

Abu

Bicker.

S E

CT

O N

THE HISTORY OF ^'Mj^STAN.

SECTION

xxir.

Mamood Shaw,
Mahummud Shaw.

of Nasir ul dien

The Reign

WHEN

Secunder

Shaw yielded

359

to the

power of

the fon of

his fate,

vio-A.D.

1393.

among the Omrahs, about the fucceffion. Mal^oo?^*

^"
upon Mamood, an infant fon of Sultan Mahumlant, placed
placed uDon the throne, by the name of Naiir ul"''"^

lent difputes arofe

They

at laft fixed

'

mud,
dien

'

whom they
Mamood Shaw

while Chaja Jehan remained in the Vizarit,

and abfolute government of the

was conferred upon Muckirrib

Amir

ul

Barbeck

Omrah,
*,

Saring

The

ftate.

ul

Chan governor
office

title

of Muckirrib Chan

Muluck, with the high employ

or Captain-General.

Debire, nominated to the

The

throiu".

Sadit

of^^

Chan was appointed

Dowlat Chaa

of Debalpoor, and

of Aziz Mumalick-f*.

apparent debility of the Em^pire, arifmg from the King's mi-

nority and diffentions of the

Omrahs, encouraged

around to kindle the flames of

rebelliort

Chaja Jehan, upon

eaftern provinces.

Promotions

all

Hindoos piie/

the

particularly thofe

this

DiHraaions-

of the

aObmed the

occafion,

of Sultan Shirki J, and proceeded towards Behar, with a great

He foon reduced that country to obedience, and having at
army.
title

the fame time, forced the Prince of Bengal to pay

tribute,

he returned, and fixed his refidence

While Chaja Jehan thus

mafter, in the Eaft, Saring

the Weft.

Having,

as

eftablifhed

him

the ciiftomary

at Jionpoor,

himfelf, In oppofition to his The

Chan began

to

form an independency

Suba of Debalpoor, coIle6ted the troops

Vizie?

in himfJifa"
of^'"^''*

the province of Moultan, and the north- weft divifion of the empire,

he advanced

againft Shicha Gicker,

about twelve crores from Lahore.

who

waited for him

battle

and the Gickers being defeated, were obliged

"

* Lord
% King

of the

"

udience.

at

Adjodin,

immediately enfued, The Gkksn

to take refuge

among

t Reprefentative of ihe provinces.

of the Eall.
4.

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOTAN,T

360
A. D.

15 J4.

liiger.

-)-.

brother Adil
feh' to

The

(JuaUsr.

Chan

in the

vi(3:ory, left

government of Lahore, and returned him-

Mamood

this year,

having

Delhi in charge of Muckir-

left

Chan, marched tov/ards Gualier, and Biana,

rib

Chan and many of the

SaJit

his

Debalpoor.

Sultan

Sultan

Bianalnd'

Saring Chan, after this

the mountains of Jimbo.

arrived in the

accompanied by

When

chief Omrahs.

King had

the

neighbourhood of Gualier, Mubarick Chan, the fon of

Malleck Raja, Mullu Eckbal Chan the brother of Raja Saring Chan,
Sadit having timely information

and Malleck Alia

ul dien,

of the

plot,

it,

Mubarick Chan

flew

while Eckbal efcaped to Delhi.

the confpiracy was thus quafhed, the confufions

fequences of

ofSaditChan. But

ul dien, confpired againft the life

and Malleck Alia

Though

which were the con-

obliged the Sultan to return to the capital, without

proiecutlng the fcheme of reducing thofe territories to obedience.

The^ga*.ei of
againft him.

xhe diftradions in
The Sultan arriving
Chan came

the empire began

in the

protection to

But having on

over to the

way under-

Chan had fworn vengeance againfl: him,

for affording

Mullu Eckbal Chan, he

city in (hort

back

fled

was befieged

to the city,

make

months,

for three

and Cutting

refolute defence.

till

the

King being

war was commenced and continued on account of

accommodated matters with Muckirrib, and in the

afTured that the

befieged.

Sadit

Chan,

month of Mohirrim 797, was admitted

Another Sul-

Muckirrib

his

the gates againft the Prince, prepared to

The

to multiply exceedingly,

neighbourhood of Delhi,

out to pay his refpedts.

ftood, that Sadit

now

into Delhi.

Muckirrlb, encouraged by the coming over of his Prince, marched

"^^^

"aduChL^'^

^'^ ^^"^ ^^^y^

^^^^

but he was beat back with great

lofs.

force, againft Sadit

The

rains

it

hi-5

tents,

and marched into Firofc-abad.

He

had now come on,

being impoflible for Sadit Chan to keep the

and

Chan

field,

he ftruck

immediately fent

for'

JSFuferit

THE HISTORY OF HiNDOSTAN.

Nuferk Chan, the fon of Fatte Chan, and grandfon of
from Mewat, and
of Nafir

ul

<>ur

j^in

Under

Shaw.

manage the

to

But a new

\ils

bim up in oppofition

dien Nuferit

Chan began
.

fet

Thp

flaves

name of this

the

They

prince Sadit

ra>ion ex-

of Firgfe Shaw, difgufleil with his bebavi- chan

f?om

F"of';-abad.

Shaw gpgn an elephant,

him quite out of the pity of

forcibly placed Nuferit

Firofe-abad, before he had time to prepare for his

avoid one danger, the unfortunate Sadit

fell

own

To

defence.

into another

for halving

Chan, he was by him put

fought prote(ftion yndefiJiff^uekirrib

to He

is

flJn.

The Omrahs of The uncomand of fome of the provinces, efpoufed

the caufe of Nu- """" "^^
r
times of thc^
"
ei^P'r'eDelhi,
and
others, fupported the title of MaThofe of

iTiisfortuneS '^f HWe^ ^?(^e^ daily

Firofe-abad,'

796.

His gpYcrnpicnt, difconcerted a

in

advanced againft Sadit Chan, and drove

The

''^9/.

title

towards thepi, prevailed upon the keepers of the elephants

tbem.

^tifger.

of the Sultanit.

affairs

fac^tion breal^in^ Ol^t

m?pfures.

the

Mamood, by

to

Shaw,

Pii'of*

encreafed.

'^

|,

ferit

Chan.

The whole empire

mood.
and

diftradtion.

civil

into a ftate of anarchy, confufion,

fell

war was kindled

in every corner,

and, a

thing unheard of before, two Kings in arms againft one another, refided in

one

capital.

Things however remained

fituation for three years,

if one

was

with

monarch's party had

in fingularity

at

a furprifing equality

any time

of misfortunes.

continued battle between the two

It
cities

moft everyday, and the place of the

fee the

empire

fo

was not
:

flain

might become independant ; and

ftate

fides

for

of war, but a

Thoufands were

killed ^I-

was eonftantly fupplied by

in this civil war.

weakened by public

on both

a fuperiority over the other,

reinforcements from different parts of the empire.

basof the provinces took no part

in this unfortunate

Some of the SuThey hoped to

calamities, that they themfelves

to lay a foundation for their future

power, they withheld the cuftomary revenues.

Vol.

I.

a a

"

In

? ?

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

362
A. D. 1396.

the year 798, SaringChan, governor of Debalpoor, having Ibmc

with Chizer Chan, governor of Moultan, made war upon

Tranfaaions difFcrences
well provlS-

engagements with various

After feveral

h^"^*

He

clared for Saring.

powerful, and

in

fuccefs,

vidory de-

immediately feized Mouhan, became very

the year following, advanced with a great

army

to

Samana, which he reduced to his obedience. Nuferit Chan difpatched Tatar Chan, Suba of Panniput, and Malleck Almafs, with an ar-

my

They engaged Saring on the firft of Mohorrim,

799, gave him a fignal ovefthrow, and obliged him to fly
him.

againll:

the year

in
to

Moultan.
The

grand-

fon of

Amir

Tifflur pafles

thtla

Chan

Sarin?
&

received

the

Jehangire,

grandfon of

Mirza

that

Amir Timur

us,

built a bridge over the Sind

he inverted Outch.

riverj

Tagge

ul dien, his

fell

by the fvvord.

their

way

to

Malleck

the flream

had

to the

governor of Outch.

advanced to the Bea,

fell

up-

crofled that river, defeated and

more were drowned than

fo that

few of the difcomfited army made the

befl:

of

Moultan.
kept clofe at the heels of the runaways,
^
^

Moultan.

and

obliged Saring
fix

Chan

to

fhuthimfelf up in Moultan.

months, he was obliged,

difcretion

'^qqJ^ poflefilon

efc^pe

But

to

for

want of

and being imprifoned, with

3nii/>'!

Tranfaaions

Saring immediately difpatched

jufl as they

Mahummud

Y\^v

having crofled that

that,

Naib, with other Omrahs, and the beft part of

on them by furprize,
drove them back into

at Delhi,

and

Mahummud hearing of this army,

Pier

Takes

-f*,

army, to reinforce Malleck Ali, Naib

his

Ob

intelligence
o

citv,
'

Mahummud

Pier

that

in

of the

city.

After a fiege of

provifions, to furrender at
all

Saring, in a

his

army,

Mahummud

few days, found means

to

but the country remained in fubjediion to the Moguls.

rctum

to the tranfadiions at Delhi.

ing difgufled with

Mamood,

* Tamerlane.

deferted him.

Mullu Eckbal Chan be-

He

f The

fent a meflage to

Indus.

Nuferit

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Shaw,

Nuferit

defire leave to

to

him with

join

363

This

his pd-rty.

^- ^-

'^97-

Higer. 799.

they met, went to the palace of Seri,

offer

was very

and,

upon the Koran, fwore mutual

readily accepted

Chaja Cuttub

quarrelled with Nuferit

of

Seri.

all

his

being

plot,

The

about three

Shaw,

days after

his

defertion, Eckba!

and not regarding his oath,

be-

Shaw being

Nuferit

^
fidy."

in-

found himfelf conftrained to quit the palace

traitor

upon him

fell

no condition to keep the

his

in

The

elephants, treafure and baggage.

in

Mamood

thefe traniaftions,

gan to form a confpiracy againft him.

formed of the

ot

in the old citv.

Eckbal,

perfidious

tomb

at the

friendfliip,

During

ul dien Kaki.

with Muckirrib remained

The

retreat,

unfortunate prince,

fled

field,

and took

to

his

Vizier

at

Panniput.

Eckbal took immediately

and

daily increafed,

now employed

he

and Muckirrib from the old

of fome Omrahs,

But Eckbal,

of the treaty

by

furprize,

and

by the mediation

between the
through

broke

all

and fetting upon Muckirrib in his

He

him.

flew

left

length,

treaty be-

Mamood ^nj^Suita^^

expel

to

it

concluded

peculiarly perfidious,

ties

tan,

was

peace

At

city.

His power a

of Firofeabad.

pofTeflion

parties.

the

facred

own

houfe,

immediately feized the young Sul-

him nothing

but

his

life

and

the

name of

^^li-ui'

Emperor.
Ah
Eckbal,

Mamood,
Tatar
pafl!ed,

fame year,

the

againfl:

Chan,

Nuferit

leaving

his

by forced marches,

Delhi and
in

in

Delhi,

invefl:ed

it.

marched from Delhi witli^SiStan Ruins

Shaw, and Tatar Chan at Panniput.

JfsS"'^'"*

elephants
the

and

baggage in

army of Eckbal,

Eckbal trufting

advanced and

the af-

attacked

the fort,

arrived

to the flrength

Panniput,

and

took

before

he

left

it

the
third

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

364
A.

i3<)S.

third

iliger. 8co.

day,
/'

by
/

Tatar Chan having

to
to

his

father

regulate

confufion.

of

the

in

failed

in

Guzcrat.

the government,
In

mean

the

unhappy

Timur had

He

efcalade.

city

crofTed

and

the

then haftened back to Delhi,

aad

attempt upon that place,

fled

his

Eckbal

entering

which had
time,

empire,

Sind,

with

the

fallen

into

compleat

to

news
an

began

the

utmoft

the

arrived,

intention

city,

miferies

that
to

conquer

Hindoftan.

End

of the first

Amir

Volume.

THE

HISTORY
O

HINDGSTAN;
y R O

M THE

EARLIEST ACCOUNT OF TIME,

TO THE

DEATH

OF AKBAR;

TRANSLATED

FROM THE PERSIAN OF MAHUMMUD CASIM FERISHTA OF DELHIj

TOGETHER WITH

DISSERTATION'

Conceraing the Religion and Philosophy of the

Brahmins >

WITH
An A P P E N D
Containing the Hiftory of the

Mogul Empire,

Mahummud Shaw,

By

from

to the prefent

X,
its

Decline in the Reign of

Times.

ALEXANDER DOW.
VOLUME

II.

LONDON:
Printed

for

T.

Becket

De Hondt,
MDCCLXVIII.
and

P.

A.

in

the

Strand.

OF THE

SECOND VOLUME,
PART
IV.

The History

Hindostan from the Invasion

OF Tamrrlane, to the final Conquest of that
Country by Sultan Baber; being a Period of
of

130 Years.
Sect.

I,

/'^F

t^^e

progrefs of

Amir Timur,

or Tamerlane,

page i
\^_^ in Hindoftan,
Sect. II. The conclufion of the reign of Mahmood Shaw 12
Sect. III. The reign of Dowlat Chan Lodi,
18
Sect. IV. The reign of Chizer Chan Ben SoHman,
19
Sect. V. The reign of Moaz ul dien Abul Fatte Sultan Mubarick Shaw,
23
Sect. VI. The reign of Sultan Mahummud Shaw, ben Ferid
Chan, ben Chizer Chan,
36
Sect. VII. The reign of Sultan Alia ul dien Ben Mahummud
Shaw,
42
Sect. VIII. The reign of Sultan Beloli Lodi,
41;
Sect. IX. The reign of Sultan Secundcr ben Sultan Beloli, 58
Sect,
'

CONTENTS.
Sect. X. The reign of Sultan Ibrahim ben Sultan Sccunder, 72
Sect. XI. The hiilory of Zchir ul dien Mahummud Babcr,
-

before his invafion of Hindoftan, Sect. XII. The hiftory of Sultan Baber, from the year 924,
102
to his decilive victory over Sultan Ibrahim Lodi,

if

The History

A R T

of

the Life

V.
Humaioon,

of

the

Son of Baber.
Sect.

The

I.

reign of

Humaioon,

till

his

expuhion from Hin-

doftan,

Sect.

II.

iji

The

hiftpry of Shere

Shaw, before

his accefiion to

the imperial throne,

150
Sect. III. The hiftory of Shere Shaw, the Afghan,
164
Sect. IV. Thehiftory of Selim Shaw, the fon of Shere Shaw, 171
Sect. V. The reign of Mahummud Shaw Adili,
182
Sect. VI. The reign of Sultan Ibrahim,
185
Sect. VII. The reign of Secunder Shaw Soor, and the fall of
the Patan empire,
188
Sect. VIII. The tranfadtions of Humaioon, from his arrival
in Perfia, to his return to Hindoftan,
190

PART

VI.

Shaw Jumja Abul Muziffer Gellal

UL DIEN Mahummud Akbar Padshaw Ghazi.

The Reign

Sect.

I.

of

Sect.
of

The

of

hiftory of

Akbar, from his

acceflion, to the defeat

Himu,
II.

The

209
reign of Akbar, from the death of

Byram Chan,
*

Himu,

to that

216
Sect.

CONTENTS.
Sect. III. The tranfadions of Akbar from the death of Byram
Chan, to the total defeat of the rebellious Ufbeck Omrahs,
228
Sect. IV. The hiftory of the reign of Akbar, from the year
975, to the total redudtion of the kingdom of Guzerat, in
981,

253
from the year 981,
to the redu(ftion of Cabul in 989,
263
Sect. VI. The hiftory of the reign of Akbar, from the year
989, to the rebellion of Cafhmire, in the 1 000th year of
the Higera,
276
Sect. VII. The hiftory of the reign of Akbar, from the year
286
1000, to his death,

Sect. V. The

hiftory of the reign of Akbar,

APPENDIX.
The History
DECLINE

IN

of

the Mogul Empire,

THE- Reign of

from its

Mahummud Shaw,

TO THE PRESENT TiMES.

General obfervations. The fucceffion from Akbar to

Mahummud Shaw. The growing imbecility of the emGovernors of the provinces afTume independance.
pire.
Their intrigues at the court of Delhi. The invafion of

Sect.

I.

Nadir Shaw,
p. i
Sect. II. The conclufion of the reign of Mahummud Shaw, 30
Sect. III. The hiftory of the reign of Ahmed Shaw,
46
Sect. IV. The hiftory of the reign of AUumgire Sani,
58
Sect. V. Tranfa6tions of the court of Delhi, from the death
of AUumgire Sani, to the prefent times,
69
Sect. VI. Of the prefent ftate of Hindoftan,
79

)
(

->-

THE

HISTORY
O

N D O

T A

PART

N.

IV.

TheHiftory of Hindostan, from the Invafion

Tamerlane,

of

to the final Conqueft of

by Sultan Baber^ being a

that Country,

Period of one hundred and thirty years.

SECTION
Of

of

the Progrefs

Amir Timur,

I.

or

Tamerlane,

in

Hindoflan.

MIR TIMUR,
civil

being informed of

tlie

commotions and

wars cf Hindoftan, began his expedition

into

country, in the eight hundredth year of the FJigerah,

on the twelfth of Mohirrim,

banks

of the Chule

Shech Noor
iii

charge,

ul

the'

Dien

II.

Jallali *.

to difpolTefs

He

Shab

ul

When

on the

Sbech Ncor

river 011 the frontiers of Hindoflan.

9 r-

and/.'jy^J^J.^^

Dien Mubarick, who had,

diftrifts.

i^;

that Tamerfane^

immediately difpatched Amir

defence of the frontier

*

Vol.

in the following year, arrived

A. D.

ul

THE nrSTORY OF HINDOSTAN".

A. n. jjo;. ul
Hig. 8qo.

he

Dicn had

him

funimoned

ji;eneral hitd

to fubmit

into an illand,

ul

deral)le lofs,

by a violent

he repulfed, and forced

fally

la-ft.

of the befieged

whom,

in the end,,

Amir

their walls.

the enemy, with his whole army.'

agaiail:

Dien intimidated, by the approach of Timur, flowed

being two days purfued in vain^

detached with a party

after

pri-

down the
by Shech Noor ul Dien,.

and family, and

in forty boats, his treafure

who was

his-

but at night he fuffered a confi-

to take flielter within

Timur himfelf advanced

river,

on the bank of

to defend himfelf to the

up the ditch

to

fill

the imperial;

as

Dien, however, found means, upon making

approaches,

vtltely,

But

Dicn Mubarick,-

he had drawn a ditch, forming the place

he determined

Shech Noor

ul

Timur.

to

ul

previoufly retreated into a ftrong hold,

the river, round which

Shab

few miles of Shab

arrived within a

The

him.

fell

garrifon, after the

departure of their leader, immediately furrendcredv

Amir Timur proceeded down

the river to the conflux of the

Jimboo and Chinab, where there was a

known by
laid acrofs,

the

He

name of Tulmubini.

by which

army might

his

ordered a bridge to be

bim undeT"

But whilft thc inhabitants were very bufy

coiunbution.

(^gj^^j^^ded,

a complaint being

of provifions, orders were

be found.

Thc

foldiers,

made

in the

ifilied to feize

upon

this,

his

under a heavy contribution,

camp, without the towu, he

it

Having pitched

pafs.

Tamerlane

laid

and town,

ftrong fort

in

collecting

the fumr

camp, of the

grain wherever

fcarcity

it

fhould

haftened to fcarch the townj

but not being content to take provifions alone, the natural conThe mhabi- fequencc was,
tarns mafia-

that

a general plunder enfued.

The

inhabitants,

g^^jg^^ouring to oppofe this outrage, were malTacred without mercy.

To befiege the citadel would but retard the defigns

He therefore marched, the next day after the maffacre,
called

Shawnawaze, wjiere he

of Timur.
to a

found more grain than was

town
fuffi-

cient

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

his

ferve

cient to

He

whole army.

could not be carried away fhould be burnt

Hig. 8co.

having previoully cut Shawnawaze

Shuha Giker, who had attempted

the brother of

D. 1397.^

what

therefore ordered, that

.

oft- Jiflerit,

to^^'^^^^"

Timur marched, on the

crofilng the Bea, came into a

defend the place with two thoufand men.

Shawnawaze, and,

third day, from

rich and plentiful country.

It

may

not be improper here to fay fomething concerning the

proceedings of Mirza Pier

Mahummud,

after his

The

been already mentioned, taken Moultan.

ing deftroyed a great part of his cavalry, in the

having, as has

Solftitial rains
field,

he wa* under

the neceffity of drawing his army into the city of Moultan.

he was driven

who had

to the utmort: diftrels

him.

clofely inverted

to ad: againft them,

hav-

There

by the inhabitants of the country,

His cavalry, inflead of being able

Mirza Pier
blockaded in
M"itan.

diminilhed daily in their numbers, for want

of forage.

In this untoward fituation were the affairs of that prince,

his grandfather.

reinforced

Amir Timur,

Mahummud

tenize,

mind

who had

him with

chiefly diftrelTed
felel*d

marched diredly towards him.

to

relieved

immediately

whole army.

his

The

great animofity againft the governor

chaftife the governor,

fliewn the

who

is

with a detachment of thirty thoufand chofen

horfe, and foon joined

carried in his

entered Hindoftan,

when

him.

Amir Timur

ten thoufand horfe, with

When

prince

of Bat-

himfelf, to

which he

he reached Adjodin, he was

tomb of Shech Ferid Shuckergunge,

th^ poet, in refpecl

whofe memory he fpared the few inhabitants who remained

in

the place, the greater part having fled to Delhi and Battenize.

Timur continued then

of Adjodin,

march

his

and encamping

one day, he marched

fifty

to Battenize,

at Chalifkole,

croffing the river who

from which place,

crores to Battenize.

Upon

his arrival,

the people of Debalpoor, and other adjacent towns, crovv'ded imp

the

;rnvi"s

THE HISTORY OF niNDOSTAN^.

4
A

O.
-'g-

?^^.thc phcc,

fach numbers,

in

them

that half of

^vere driven out,

SCO.

o|)|ig^,j

ardinvtihit.

j^j.^

attacked, the

Raw

llain.

enemy

firll

fo fev/

number,

in

drew out the

firll

drove

onfet,

driving the

runaways from

which, he ordered a

The

Ti.e city

flreet to

pai-ty

and

manding them

Timur,

^The

after the conditions

Omar

to flay

and had before been

mud.

ulc^Sd!

all

were

thofe

who had

of the va-

honoured him

Amir Sagates, com-

fent

Mirza Pier Mahum-

were ordered

to be

dif-

fort,

were

fo ftruck

murdered

to death.

with

their wives

indeed

cut off to a

man

five

hundred perfons,

Thofe who remained

this maffacre,

that they fet

ftill

in

within

fire to

the

and children, and, in mere defpair,

fought after nothing but revenge and death.

terrible

and

taken refuge in the place,

after being plundered,

reft,

fettled,

adtive againH: his grandfon

few minutes, were put

place,

agreed

many

in return,

In confequence of this inhuman order,

the

Timur

Ulla, to take poiTeflion of the

miflcd.

and the inha-

to reduce

having had an interview with the king,, prefented

Sheh, and

liman,

few

three hundred Arabian horfes, and with

a chelat

in a

immediately to difmount,. and begin to

luable curiofities of Hindoftan.

with

he

Then

lliut.

he became,

garrifon defired to capitulate, to whicli

him with

that

rear,

of the place, except the citadel

it.

the governor,

the enemy's

ftreet,

while

'his walls,

gates before they could be

tlie

hours, intirely mafter

undermine

The Moguls, how-

him back within

the king himfelf preffed fo hard upon

podelicd himfelf of

there

and formed

garrifon,

the town, in order of battle.

upon the

They were

under the walls.

by the king, and fome thoufands of them

who was governor of the place, feeing tlie

day,

Cliillige,

them without
ever,

ilielter

The

fcene

now became

but the unfortunate inhabitants were, in the end,

;

they however revenged themfelves amply, upon

the rapacious and inhuman authors of their

diftrefsj

fome thoufands

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

This fo much A D.
their hands.
having
auds of the Moguls,
o fallen by
>
a
ill'".
exafperated Amir Timur, that firebrand of the world, that he or-

IV

1^97.
000.

dered every foul in Battenize to be malTacred, and to reduce the

city itfelf to aQies.

Timur, marching

place,

put the inhabitants of that

to Surufti,

f^'^'^'J^^'^^^

Advancing to
to pillage.
gave the tov^'n up
alio, to the fword, and
1
1
_
Fatteabad, he continued the fame feene of barbarity, through that,
<-

and the adjacent towns of Rahib, Amirani, and Jonah.

tached

Hakim Agherack

horfe,

and with the

towards Sammana,

fev/ that

with

fome

years

by rapine.

His army,

vided under different chiefs, carried

in the

fire

the

he ordered a general rendezvous

crores of Sammana.

Timur himfelf
lie

who had

de-

lived

time, being diall

the

they advanced, near

at Keitilj

town

with-^'

foon joined his army, and having regulated the

order of his march, advanced towards Delhi.

Panniput,

nuffacteJ.

thouf\nd

and fword through

capital,,

in, five

Jits,

mean

when

provinces of Moultan and Lahore, but

f^J the

he himfelf fcoured the

remained,

country, and cut off a tribe of banditti called

for

five

He

m,"-

in:i;ibitai:t'i

When

he reached

ordered his foldiers to put. on their fighting apparel *

and, that he m.ight be the better fupplied with forage, croffed the

Jumna, took the

He

the fword.

fort

of I^owni by

then marohed

afiTault,

down

and put the garrifou to

along the

river,

and encamped

oppofite to the citadel of Delhi,- pofting guards to prevent

munication.

He

Amir Jehan Shaw,

immediately detached
to fcour the country

fouth eaft of the city

hundred horfe only,

whilft

x'^mir

all

com-

Soliman Shaw, and

Arrives

e-

^'^''^

behind him to the fouth and

he himi^lf that very day, with feven

crofiTed.the river to reconnoitre the citadel,

which he

re-

connoitres.

Mahmood
retinue of

Shav/ and Mullu Eckbal Chan, feeing fo few in the

Timur,

ifilied

forth v/ith five thoufand foot and twenty-

* Coats ftufFed thick with cotton,

worn

inftead of armour.

feven

THE HISTORY OF FIINDOSTAN.

6
A

D.

?97.

^o-

fevcn elephants

againfl:

repute in Delhi,

who

Tiraur ordered

made

beheaded, and after having

He

he was

told,

him

his

camp more

were then above one hundred thoufand

fince

which he dcfign-

to the eaflward,

he

crofTed the

his

prifoners in his

Sind

the citadel

bable, that, on a day of battle, they

men

when

means of prevention, gave

other

He

nvaiTacres

fx)e'rs

incold

the fword, fo that, upon

to

fifteen

men were

thoufand

would join with

orders to put

who

all

tliey

faw

extremely pro-

it

their country-

The inhuman Timur, who might

him.

againft

camp,

thefe unfortunate

that

which rendered

where

army, that there

perfons had, the day before, expreffcd great joy,

hitiT attacked before

immediately

to be

the obfervations

by the princes and generals of

had been taken

of

and joined his army.

morning moved

nex't

Omrah

an

Sillif,

on the attack, was repulfed and taken

led

prilbner by the Moguls.

ed, repafled the river

Mahummud

liim.

have found

above the age of

that horrid day, one

hundred

This barbarity, to-

maffacred, in cold blood.

gcthcr with his other aftions of equal cruelty,

gained

him

the

xiams of HilUk Chan, or the deftroying Prince.

Upon

iTrofTes the

the

of

fifth

}.u:niia.

his

army without

feabad

Jemmad

oppofition, and

enemy,

whom

to their ftations, placing, at the

jdiftanges,

Though

my of

forded the river with

filling

plains of Firo-

the ditch with buffa-

he faftened with ropes and picquets

fame time, firong guards,

at

proper

behind them.

the

aftrologers

pronounced the feventh an unlucky day,

the king marched out of his

battle.

Timur

encamped on the

where he entrenched himfelf,

loes fronting the

of

Awil,

ul

Sultan

Delhi,

Mamood

lines,

and

MuUu

and one hundred and

vanced towards him.

and drew up his army

in order

Eckbal Chan, with the ar-

tv^^cnty elephants

But upon the very

firfi:

in mail,

ad-

charge of a fqua-

dron, called the Heroes of Chighitta, the elephant-drivers were dif-

jDounted,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

and the outrageous animals, deprived of their

;?uides, A. D. 1^97.

mounted,

fan roarmg back, and Ipread terror and conruiion

The

rank?-.

veteran troops of Timur,

who had

among

ineir

own

already conquered

and the degenerate Hin-

halt the world, improved this advantage,

doos were, in a few minutes,

totally routed,

brave effort for their country,

lives,

without making one

The

and fortunes.

totally de.

conqueror erumv,

purfued them, with great flaughter, to the very gates of Delhi,

Bear which he fixed his quarters.

The

Sultan

ing to their walls.

ferted,

in the night,

Mamood

their flight,

killed a great

received the fubmiflion of

crowded

to his

number of

his retinue,

all

the great

men

of the

and

prifoners.
city,

who

camp, and were promifed protedion upon paying

great contributions

the Chutba in

one of which coming up-

Dien and Chcda Daad,

ul

not truft-

Timur,^ having intelligence of

detached parties after them,

took his two infant fons, Seif

that,

the former flying to Guzerat, who

their capital;

with Sultan Mamood,

fo great,

and Mullu Eckbal Chan, de-

the latter taking the route of Berren.

Timur

was

confternation of the fugitives

all

and,

upon the Friday following,

the mofques, to be read in his

the fixteenth of the fame

month he

appointed the fcriviners of the

city,,

he ordered

own name.

Upon

placed guards at the gates, and

and magiflrates,

to regulate the

contribution according to the wealth and rank of the inhabitants.

Information was, in the mean time, lodged> that feveral omrahs arid
rich

men had

fhut themfelves

pendents, and refufed to pay

obliged Timur Shaw

Mogul

down

in

their

houfes, with their de-

their fliare of the ranfom.

to fend troops into the city,

thority of the magiftrates.

dering,

up

This

to enforce the au-

general confufion, uproar,

and plunimmediately enfued, which could not be reftrained by the

officers,

who,

that their authority

at the

fame time,

durft not acquaint the king

was contemned by the

troops.

Timur.

defert

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

then bufy in his camp, in celebrating a grand

'^^'^''''* ^^''^s

\'iF>

So-'*

on account of

his vidory, fo that

it

was

The

any inteHigence of thefe proceedings.

thein,
theit

by the flames of the

v. i;s

manner,

felves infulted,

beat,

the city gates,

fet fire

Eut

pcneral

n.d.iau-e.

guls,

little

who

Some
in

cfTefl

Theur.i-ara'-

Im^s

die-

D.cii.ians.

at

Hindoos, according

to

had the

madmen

murthcred their wives and

againft their enemies.

defpair of the unfortunate

upon the

Mo-

mean

impaffiible,

by the heaps of dead

time, the gates being forced, the

Then

and,

whole Mogul army

much

followed a fcene of horror,

eafier

imagined than defcribed.

Thc

dsfpcrate courage of the unfortunate Delhians,

cooled'in their

own

blood.

They threw down

one man

may

to drive a

They

In the city the Hindoos were,

at IcaH:,

enemy, and had they

imooffible for the Moo-uls,

who

is

at

length

they

permitted

hundred of tlicm prifoners before him

plainly perceive, that cowardice

loer to the

was

their weapons,

lubn^i tied" themfelves like flieep to the flaughter.

v/e

he had of

length, by one confent, (hut

to their houfes,

were rendered

were admitted.
to be

notice

foon colledtcd themfelves, and began a general maffacre.

rirects

tlie

for the

firft

by the hand of rapine, and they them-

and abuied,

children, and ran out like

days before he received

feeing their wives and daughters raviOied and pol-

their w/:a]th feized

latcd,

city

five

feftival,

fo that

the mother of defpair.

ten to one, fuperior in

poffeffed fouls,

it

num-

would have been

v/ere fcattered about in every ftreet,

i"

houfc, anJi corner, laden with plunder, to have refifled the dreadful

Bat though the Hindoos had the favage refolution of imwives and children, we find
bruir.g iheir hands in the blood of their
of th;.-tt
the flavcG of fear, and fhrinking at the approach

affau't.

them^lill

cthcjs.
de^ih, which they could lb readily execute ufon

-N^.am

This malTacre

ui

^'::.;;^r'ti:

a'l'i'.re

in

wi.^ tekted.

Is,

Xhc

in tlie

Hiftory of

collectors

Nizam

ul

Dicn Ahmud, other-

of thc ranfom, fiys he, upon the part

qf

THE HISTORY OF HlNDOSTAN.

great violence, by torture and other means,
of Timur, havino; ufed ^
^
^
.
to extort money, the citizens fell upon them, and killed fome of the
.

ordered

to the

This circumftance being reported

Moguls.

Mogul

king,

general pillage, and, upon refiflance, a mafiacre to

greater appearance of truth

lie

comalong

mence.

This account

with

both from Timur's general charader of cruelty, and the

it,

carries

improbability of his being

intelligence of

what

five

days clofe to the city without having

pafTed within the walls.

But the race of the Mogul prince take,

The

fide.

principal one

plunder, the king

great pains

confequence of a general

that, in

is this,

would have been deprived of the ranfom, which

have been exceedingly great, and for which he only received

mufl:

the elephants and regalia.

Neither have

we any account of

army

taking any part of the plunder from his

it

this day,

to

nor do they want arguments upon their

this opinion,

to invalidate

A. n. i vrHig. 800-

his

afterwards, though

mull have been very immenfe.

The

kin?, after this

horrid fcene,

entered the

city,

takinf to TInur

**

himfelf one hundred and twenty elephants,

and

Firofe

number of
Shaw.

ftones of

animals,

curious

The

fine

which he had

that

to

been colieded by

mofque, built by that prince, upon the

infcribed the hiflory of his reign,

the conqueror,

mafons from Delhi

twelve rhinocerofes,

had

efteemed a mafter-piece of architedure and

the fancy of

enters

Delhi

that

Samarcand,

tafle,

took fo

being

much

he ordered flone-cutters and

to

build one

upon the fame

plan.

After having flayed fifteen days at Delhi,

refolution of returning, and

leabad, whither Bahadre

riofities

Timur took

he accordingly marched out

" ^

Nahir

fent

him two white

from Mewat, with profeffions of fubjcdion.

Seid Shurafe ul Dien

Turmuzi

to bring

him

a fuJdcn ReVves
to Firo'

parrots,

as

The king

to the prefence,

cufent

uhich

fummons

to

''l

M.rchfs to
i

i^i'^^tiaJ,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

JO
A. p. 1397.
'S-

fummorts he immediately obeyed; and Chizer Chan,

who had

concealed in the

and was fa-

himfelf at court,

prefented

hills,

laiti

vorably received.

and

to

Pani-

Thc

king marching from Firofeabad arrived

whence he detached Amir Shaw Malluk,

fort,

fituated

between the

When Amir Shaw

mentioned

Malluk reached the

a letter to

in

to befiege

Mdrat, a ftrong

upon reconnoitring

place,

garrifon determined to defend

the

from

Paniput,

about thirty crores from Delhi..

rivers,

rtfength, and finding the

its

at

king,

that they infulted

it,

he

him from

him he could fucceed no better than Tirrim

Mogul Prince, who had formerly attempted tO:

the walls, by telling

Seri

Chan, the

take the place.

This had the defired

B< acges and

t-kcs Merat.

j^^^j-^j^^^

fink

j^jg

army

his mines,

efFedlf

upon the king, who immediately

againfV Merat,

and carry on his approaches

towards the walls, at the rate of

Eiias i\dyhuni, the fon of

hours.

Mulleck

Suffi

filled

Jannafure, and

place with great refolution.

ditch, placed. their fcaling ladto the wall, in fpite of all

op-

and, without waiting for a breach, by means of the mines,.

it

to the fword.

mines, however, being finifhed, the king ordered

which blew the

towards the
head of the
Ganges.

advancing his fap^

Ahmad

Itormed the place, and put every foul within

them

The

to be Iprung,

walls and baftions into pieces.-

Timur continued

His progrd's

to^

yards every twenty-four

Moluna,

up the

and faftened their hook-ropes

pofition

fifteen

defended the

Kebire,

But the Moguls having

ders,

without delay, began

and,

his

to the fkirts of the mountains of

march

with fire and fword. Crofling, then, the

marking
^
o his way
Ganges, he fubdued the country as high as where the rivet
thence, he repaffed the:
iffues from the mountains ; returning from
C5.^alic,

river,

and marched through the

zemindar called Zein Dund,

hills,

whom

where he was oppofed by

he defeated and plundered.

He

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

forts in his way; A^D.
then continued his rout, taking feveral fmall
of that place, who
having arrived at Jimmugur, he fought the raja

He

wzs wounded, taken, and forced

JifTerit,

to

become

the brother of Shuha Gicker,

his being defeated

MufTulman.

who had

by Timur Shaw, had by

.397-

him

fled to

his brother

after

been feverely

been reprefented
reprimanded for oppofmg the king; which having
into his prefence, and
to Timur, Shuha Gicker was admitted
But when the king had marched on to
great favorite.

became

and in the abfence of TiDelhi, he remembered not his obedience,

mur

pofTefled himfelf of

Timbo
J"

who

We

in a

ordered

him

which he had

confirmed the fubas,

;

to

be inftantly beheaded.

in a great meafure fubdued.

who had

He, however,

fabmitted to him, in their govern-

tended to retain the empire in his

we may fuppofe, that he inown name; though he left no

except a fmall detachment in Delhi, to fecure

from further depredations.

appointed Chizcr

Chan

then proceeded, by the

*

fort in

kcr

retulef; ts

fubmit

While he remained

at

Jimbo, he

viceroy of Moultan, Lahore, and Dibalpoor^

way of Cabul,

to

to

taikes

Lahore.*

and, from this circumftance,

troops behind him,

Shuha Gic-

few days, he was brought prifoner to the Timur

do not find that Timur appointed any king to govern Hin-

doflan,

it

king having retui-ned to

Shuha Gicker refufed to fubmit to his authority. The

fent part of his army to beflege Shuha Gicker in Lahore,

which being taken

ments

The

*,,

fultan

king,

Lahore.

Samurcand.

Punjaab, three days journey north of Lahore-

5 E C-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

1^

SECTION
The
A. D. ^<9-.f'T^HE
ihg. 800.

^^^^^

contlufion of the

rciorn
t5

of Delhi had remained

city

months, when

it

was taken

H.

Mahmood Shaw.

of

anarchy for the fpace of

in

pofleflion of

with only two thoufand horfe, from Merat.

by Nuferit Shaw,

Shab Chan and Mal-

leck Ahnafs, v/ith their troops and ten elephants, joined

him

foon

Shaw fent Immediately Shab Chan,

with his troops, towards Birren, againft Eckbal Chan, who had
there taken up his refidence.
But Shab Chan was attacked^
after

from the fame place

upon

in the night,

Eckbal Chan, and

took

all

This

Eckbal Chan

Deih?"

march, by the zemindars

Eckbal Chan purfuing

fuccefs raifmg the reputation as well as fpirits

of Eckbal

flain

the baggage of Shab Chan's army.

tempt the

capital,

few days,

thought himfelf

which he did with

his approach, fled to

Merat

',

fled

began

The

flill

New

D. 1399.
Hig. 802^
The Subans

Eckbal Chan

two
'

rivers,'

revolt from

to affemble again,

and the place,

tj^g capital.

pendent, in their

rah,

diflridt

round the

city,

between the

was

all

that

The

fubas had rendered themfelves inde1

1
r
governments, durmg the misrortanes and

own

confufion of the empire.

Chan

in a fliorC

efpecially the quarter

pofTefTed himfelf foon of the country

the empire.

Ziffer

who

inhabitants,

City.

which, with a fmall

Shaw,

for Nuferit

a natural hankering after

time, put on the appearance of populoufnefs,

called the

to at-

and Eckbal Chan refumed the

different places, having

to

in a condition

fuccefs

adminiftration of affairs in the ruined city.

their old abode,

of

advantage,

in a

had

in the interefl:
this

Chan, he,

upon

his

Nuferit

Guzerat was feized upon by Chan

Azim

Malava by Delawir Chan Kinnoge, Oud, KurShirk Chaja Jehan Lahore, Diby

and Jionpoor,

Sultan ul

balpoor.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^

Chan

by Chizer Chan;

and Moultan,

balpoor,

Sannmana

Beana by Shumfe Chan; Mahoba

'

ben Malleck Zadda Firofe; and

Mahummud Chan

by

on with regard

To

by Ghalil

A. D. 1^99.
Hig. 8c2.

to the other pro-

vinces, the governors averting their ovvn independence,

and ftihng

themfelves kings.

month of lemmad ul xA.vvil, 80?, Eckbal Chan marched A. D. 1400.

H
8o
with an army from Delhi towards Biana, and defeated Shumfe Eckbal crun
In the

'

troops joining him, he proceeded to Kittar, and after

Chan; whofe
having levied

returned to Delhi.

title

he had reached the

him

vidtory,

alliance

all

village

of

Pattiali,

but he defeated them, with great flaughter.

he marched

fo effeitually,

After this

to Kinnoge, with an intention to proceed

Mubai-ick Shaw,
he was met by
'

Ganges

upon the banks of

the zemindars of that country, op-

Upon

Jionpoor, and from thence to Lucknouti.

ever,

with Shumfe Chan,

againft Kirrinphil.

the Ganges, Rai Sere, and

pofed

in

Chan and Bahadre Nahir of Mewat,

governor of Biana, Mubarick

marched the fame year

brought him, that

after

of Sultan Mubarick Shaw, held that

Eckbal Chan being

government.

cf Narfingh,

territory

and that his adopted fon, Kir-

at Jionpoor,

having afiumed the

When

was foon

Intelligence

Chaja Jehan was dead

rinphil,

upon the

a great contribution

^^^1'^^',^^

that, after

his

to

march, how-

who

oppofed
hiscroffing: the
^^
^
repeated efforts for tv/o months,

Pruftrated in
'J^'i?"^

upon the proo-*

]^--

poor.

he was forced
country.

to

abandon the undertaking, and

But the perfidious Eckbal,. entertaining fome groundlefs

fufpicions of

Shumfe Chan and Mubarick Chan,

both upon their way back to their

Sultan
Ziffer

to return to his ov/n

Mahmood Shaw*

Chan

at

Guzerat,

in

fled

alTaffinated

them

A. D. 1401.

h?s

perfidy*,

own governments.

the year 804,

from him

to

being difguded with

Malava, and foon

by the invitation of Eckbal Chan, returned

to Delhi.

Su]t?.n

Mah-

after, ;j7jtihT"'"'

He, how-

ever, contented hiinfelf with a penfion, fearing that his interfering

in

"THE HISTORY' OF HINDOSTAN.

'

A. D. 1401. in the
^'

that

government would prove

Mubarick Shaw was dead,

him

along with
>noge

Wis

again towards Kin-

tlie

throne, advanced with the troops of the Eaft

meet him.

tisfied

the armies were near one another. Sultan

with his condition, and having the

Ibrahirn would acknowledge

his fake, efcaped, one day,

folly to

Mahmood,

him king, and abdicate the throne for

when he was out hunting, to the army

mood, he even with-held from him

mated to him to quit the camp.
Kinnoge, and was

"Made gover- great diftrefs, to

government of that

city

infult,

Mah-

the neceffaries of life, and intiSultan

left,

the governor,

Mahmood

and returned

returned, in

by Eckbal Chan,

who was

the part of Sultan Ibrahim, being driven out.

put up with this

dilTa-

imagine that Sultan

But when that prince learned the intentions of

of Ibrahim.

no-e.

Eckbal Chan, taking

at Jionpoor,

upon which Sultan Ibrahim, the brother of Mubarick Shaw,

When

folly.

Advice being arrived,

him.

Mahmood, marched

Sultan

who had mounted

to

fatal to

in

the

formerly there on

Ibrahim, however,

to Jionpoor,

while Eckbal

,Chan retired, to Delhi.

A. D. 1402.

Edc'balCnanh^d fallen
marches
gainlt
iier,

a-

Gua-

Eckbal Chan marched againft Gualier, which

into the hands of Narfing, during the invafion of Timur,

In the year 805,

Narfing's death, defcended to

^nd had now, upon
*

Deo

thing againft
Delhi.
time,

The

Rajaput.

but plundering the

it,

Brooking

ill,

Bvram
'

his fon,

fort being very ftrong, he could effedt no-

however,

marched a fecond time

diftriil

around, he returned to

this difappointment, he, in a fhort

againft Gualier.

By ram Deo

fallied

out of the place, and engaged Eckbal Chan, but he was foon driven

back into the

obliged to raife

fort,
j

the fiege of which Eckbal

Chan was

again

and having plundered the country as before, he

returned to Delhi,

Eckbal

THE HISTORY 0^ HINDOSTAN.

'5

Eckbal Chan, in the year 807, drew his army towards x^tava, A^D.
and having, in feveral

Rai

J^llar^

in

Rai Guailer, Auva,

defeated Rai Sibbiii,

and others,

who

poflefled that country,

He

then

turned his arms againfl Sultan

tributions there.

mocd,

battles,

Kinnoge.

The

Eckbal Chan invefted

it

Sultan
for

140^,

he

con-

railed

Mah-

himlelf up in the city, and andKinnogr.

fliut

fome time, but,

being able to

not

and marched towards Sam-

feduce the place, he raifed the (iege,

mana.

Byram Chan,
Shaw,

had

a defcendant of one of the Turkilli fiaves of Firofe Bj ram

himfelf in

fixed

had

of Eckbal Chan,
clofely

Seid

Sammana,
to

fled

the

purfuing him, encamped at

Alim

ul

Dien came

to

upon the approach

and,

hills

of

Budhoor

the fkirts of the

mediate matters,

Chaj-^^

and

Eckbal

mountains.

peace was

foori

patched up between the contending parties, and both joining their

forces together,

marched towards Moultan,

againft

Chizer Chan.

At Tilbundi they were oppofed by Rai Daood, Carnal Mai, and

Rai Hubbu,

who were

ous Eckbal Chan,

defeated and taken prifoners.

The

Byram

did.

the

and, upon

two armies engaged

the

Eckbal

nineteenth of
llain,

and

in Delhi, a, d. 1406.

of this event, called Sultan Mahmood from Kinbeing

informed
The Sultan, coming with a fmall retinue to Delhi, reafnoge.

Moultart, he fent

but, laying afide any further efforts

Dowlat Chan with an army

againfl

Eckbal Chan

villain.

DowlatChan Lodi and Adiar Chan, who commanded

flay'd alive.

the troops of

Eckbal Chan was

the world was happily rid of a perfidious and cruel

fumed the throne

'

is

Chan met him, with

Punjaab, and Dibalpoor,

ul Av/il

upon Byram Chan,

not remain long unrevenged.

arriving near Adjodin, Chizer

Jemad

feized

to be flay'd alive.

death of

Moultan,

perfidi-

without any apparent reafon,

after this vidlory,

except a defire of aggrandizing himfelf,

and ordered him

The

to

Byram

reduce
Chan,,

who,,

o^.'^'

Sultan

Mah-

'^'^od jeiiur-

HIS'fORY ,&F HINDOSTAN.

triE
who, upon the

^*-'h.

riies iVoiiv

p j"fu!'d*^
biiiraa

Kinnoge

time, to

i)v

ib:a-

The emperor

of Summana.

aftcf

gj^j^

Sultan's

fomc

returned

back,

loft

him

the

in

him,

againft

Tlie

to Delhi.

to retreat

the affedllons of his troops,

with one confcnt,

difpcrfed themfelves.

having received intelligence of

Sultan Ibrahim,

defertion,

this

the Ganges, and marched towards Delhi,, with great- ex-

(jrolTcd

When

pcditiQi).

he had reached the banks of the Jumna, he heard

Chan Azim

that

obhged him

behaviour

iind tliey accordingly,

himfelf

Sultan Ibrahim marched

llvirmillies,

Ipirjdefs

him-

the former Byrain Chan, poffeircd

deatli of

Chan of Guzerat, had

Ziffer

taken Alip Chan,

Saba of Mindu, and the country of Malava, and was then upon

to co\|er die capital of his

treated,

A. D. 14-7.

by

^^^g

defeated, and

felf beat

back

furreodered himfejf to Po^yl^it .pxaJi

had enjoyed any

to

marched

after levying

upon advice of
Sultan

ictitgc.i in

ficgcd Sultan
-p

thefe trarifa6tions,

Mahmood, who was

piiofeabad.

Bat fortune,

grain,

c4n

ges

;Deitii.

Sultan

in

Mahmood,

was obliged

Chizer Chan,
^'^^y

for

the fort

returned

marched

hut be-

in

who, upon

o|| Firofa.

,T(h^

,and Chizer Chan,

againfi:

Delhi, and be-

neither a warrior nor a politician,

for this time, fupplied the

want of abii

i.

Chizer Chan being in want of forage and

to ralfe the' fiege,

in the

'ii

Mahmood,

Keiwan Chan,

lities

.bcfi

againft

contributions,

reroleabad.

A. D. I'M.

of his vidory, he \y4s-him-

commanded

the part of Chizer Chan,

Sultan,

fruits

by Chizer Chan.

Delhi,

the following year,

The

month of Rigib, 810, Dowlat Chan Lodi and Byram

Byram Chan
the Turk, came to battle near Sammana.

fore the latter

'

dom.ixijpns.

r^^
.

the

111.

Ch-inj

g^^'^^^
iicicated

Upon which ^^^^le^jm^edi^td^^.

march towards Jionpoor.

liis

and

retire to

begmning of the year

Rhotuck, a country then

8 14,

in the polTeiTion

Fattipoor.

returned by the

of Sultan

Mah-

mood, where Malleck Edleriz and Mubariz Chan, declining hoftiHe plundered the town of Narr
Jities, fubmitted to his pleafure.
noul,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

jioul,
felf

and again advanced to Delhi

in the old citadel of Seri,

up

Achtiar Chan,

befieged.
affairs

of

Mahmood

Mahmood Shaw

fhut
^f^j^"

who commanded
him

in Firofeabad, feeing the

They

into the place.

all

fupplies

upon themfelves

fide

all

of

from Sultan Mahmood.

But that famine which they defigned

herents, recoiled

Chi-

then, with

took polTefTion of the country on the oppofite

the river, and prevented

g+g^"

which Chizer Chan immediately

in a defperate fituation, joined himfelf to

zer Chan, and admitted

their troops,

17

for tlie Sultan

and

for a great drought

his ad-

had occa-

fioned a fcarcity of provifions between the rivers, and in the neigh-

bourhood of Delhi

infomuch that Chizer Chan was, a fecond time,

Mahmood Shaw

forced to raife the fiege, and retire to Fattipoor.

being delivered from this imminent danger,

flrengthen himfelf againft a future attack.

Bat

retires,

took no pains to

He

took the diverfion

of hunting in the neighbourhood of Keitul, where he was feizcd

with a

fever,

and died in the month of Zecada; and with him the Mahmood
dies

empire of Delhi

fell

from the race of the Turks, who were ad-

opted flaves of Sultan Shab ul Dien Ghori,

The

.difaArous,

Mahmood,
fit

lafted

for the age in

and inglorious reign of the weak

interrupted,

He

twenty years and two months.

which he lived,

as

God was angry with the people

Mahmood, whofe only virtue was,

was

could not,

zhcT his death, eleded,

that his folly

by

raifed to the dignity

Vol.

ftead,

avert.

made him

II.

An

officer

of Aziz

The

much

omrahs, foon

whom

Patan

Sultan

Mah-

Mumahck

fomething fimilar to our Secretaij of

infenfible,

abilities

Dowlat Chan Lodi,

and originally a private fecretary,

nation,

-mopd had

perhaps,

in his

un-

and he gave them

in a great meafure, to thofe ftrokes of fortune, which

greater than his

jufl as

he was unworthy of better times.

of Hindoftan,

His charac''^'^*

fiate.

SEC-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTA^:

SECTION
The

^Hiff'

r^^^^^^"^

816^"

n-.,

DowiatChan

of

rcicfii

D o w l a t C h a n'^^'c^ d

CHAN LODI

ftruck the currency in his

Lodi cleaed

llration

emperor.

in

the

month

nr.

being received upon the throne^

own name, and be^an

i.-o
of Mohlrrim, 8i6.

He

joined by Miilleck Edteriz, and Mubariz Chan,

He

of Chizer Chan.

intereft'

r.

marched,

in

his admini-

was immediately

who abandoned

the

month of

his

the

firft

towards Kittar, and was' met by Rai Narfingh, and other

reign,

zemindars of thofe

diflridls,

ving at the town of Battiali,

who acknowledged

his

Arri-

title.

Mohabut Chan, of Budaoon, came

to.

meet him.

Advices, in the
\vds befieging

mean

time, arrived, that Sultan Ibrahim Shiri'i

Kadir Chan, the fon of

Mahmood

Chan,

in Calpee,

but as the fultan had not forces enough to march to his

returned to Delhi to recruit his army.

Chizer Chan,

preparing to invade the capital, advanced, in the

with
of

Is

fixty

Seri,

relief,

he

who had been

month of Zihidge,,

thoufand horfe, and a third time laid fiege to the citadel

whither Dowlat Chan had

retired.

After a fiege of four

months, he obliged Dowlat Chan, upon the 15th of Ribbi ul Awil,

The emperor
citadel.
in the year 8 7, to furrender himfelf and the

taken and

SzerChan, was confiiied in the

of

fort

Firofli,

where he died foon

after.

He

reigned one yeair iand three months.

-IB hi.

oil

au'k'

'

nosidO 'lo ^mcn

r'^

srif gniftoiin--^

>nc:mnu)P. 01 oiadhl

r ?')rni^'S

>'ooirr[?

E CTI

ON

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The

TH

reign of

moft

19

IV.

Chizer Chan Ben Soliman.

of

accurate hiftorians

thofe

times

that A. p. 1414.

affirm,

Chizer Chan was of the race of the Prophet, and confe-

what

quently,

man, being

His

the Iflamites call a Seid,

a perfon of

fome

diftindtion,

which defcended

to

we have

own

family.

his

fon Malleck Shech

Chizer Chan from his father.

vice-

to that

Chizer

already obferved, by Saring Chan,

he waited upon Timur Shaw,

driven from his country,

and Suba of Moultan,

and he foon dying, Malleck Soliman was appointed

being defeated, as

Soli-

Shaw. Malleck Murdan Dowlat was, upon

death, fucceeded in his government by his

royfliip,

Malleck

chifer Chaa

became the adopted fon of His

Malleck Murdan Dowlat, a great omrah,

in the reign of Firofe

father,

and
the

after

him

conqueft of Delhi, and, having gained his favor, was by

re-

inflated in his former government, with the addition of Punjaab

This

and Dibalpoor.
afterwards his

way

acceffion

of Alia

ul

him

to

Tage

acceffion, conferred the title

ul

upon Malleck Joppa, and made him Vizier and that

Malleck upon Abdul Rahim, the adopted fon of Mal;

leck Soliman, with the government of Fattepoor and Moultan.

thus diftributed favors, governments, and dignities

omrahs, but would not affiime the imperial

ing forth,

pave

to the empire.

Chizer Chan, upon his

Malleck,

of flrength enabled

that he held the empire

for

titles

among

He

his other

t himfelf, hold- Doe^ not

Timur Shaw: and

ordered lame of

The Chutba, during the life of pretends' to

conqueror's name in the mofques
and af- ^"''^ of Ti^

the coin to be ftruck in his name.

Timur, was read

in that

mur^

ter

Timur had

travelled

Sharock, mentioning the

Vn

fent

af-

the

way of

mortality, in that of

name of Chizer Chan

after

Mirza

him.

He

fometimes a tribute to Samarcand.

Da

In

THE HISTO=RY OF HINDOSTAN.

40
A

D. 1414..

the

year of bis relon he fent

firil

Ta^c

Malleck, with

ul

ar.

army, towards Kittar, which he fubdued, and- drove Rai Narfingh.

'

Subjucs

I,-,

mountains

to the

but upon paying a tribute Rai Narfingh was-

again put in polTeflion

Badaoon,

the fame time

at

miled allegiance

came

before.

to

and from thence he marched towards Koer,

Kumbul, and Chidewar, and

fome years

Mohabut Chan^ Suba of

meet Tage ul Malleck, and pro-

his country.

of"

levied the revenues

which were due

for

After recovering Jellafir out of the hands of

the Rajaputs of Chundvvar, Malleck marched to Atava, which he

under

brought

by changing the adminiftration

fubje(5lion,

and

after thefe exploits returned to Delhi.

In the
-nJ i^xi.fO
*

who were
zer

of the adherents of

Chan

a tribe of Turks',

this year,

Byram Chan,

Malleck

afiaffinating

liis

the Turks crofTed the Suttuluz, and re-

approach,

treated to the hills.

Chi-

with a powerful army, againft them^j

fent Zirick Clxan,

^"^ upon

The Turks

Awil of

ul

governor of Sirhind, took polTeffion of his country.

.Siddic,

r^' ^M

month Jemmad

Zirick

Chan purfued them

thither

but thofe

mountains being a continuation of thofe of Nagracot, which were

then polTefled by powerful zemindars,
could effed: nothing material againft

was obliged

Chizer
Chan's ex.
againft

Ah-

them

819, received

all

his forces,

marched

to

at Delhi,

Nagore.

built

by Sultan Alia

ul

Dien

and was honorably received.

.-.j.i ,11'

to,

Gavilier,

where he

Ahmud

him, but

againft

Chilligie,

The

that Sultan

),

.1

luck.

OA

He .after

Shaw,

When Chizer Chan had

city,

came out

to

which had

meet him,

Sultan proceeded from thence

levied the tribute

upon the Raja, and then

continued his march to Bi^na, taking tribute from Kerim

^f^T

he

Chizer Chan,

reached Hanir, Elias Chan, governor of that beautiful

been

the end,

in

jLi

Shaw, of Guzerat, had advanced

muftering

and,

declining battle, turned off towards Malava.

"

the Turks, he

affifted

to retreat.

Intelligence was, in the year

Ahmud

who

thefe tranfadiorjs returned to Delhi.

,

ul

Murd,-,

Jb

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

the year 820,

In

Malleck Siddic, lay

finated

head of

the

at

a great

army before

difpatched by Chizer, with a ftrong force, againft the

and

-a

feafonable

relief

was accomplifhed

for the empire.

hills; Turks again

Zirick

Chan

having, in purfuit of the enemy, reached the village of Pael,

Taan

confented to pay tribute,

and gave him his fon

Upon

expelling the murderers of Malleck Siddic.

he was

left in

pofTeffion

pacification

of Jallender, and Zirick Chan

returned to

the hoftage and contributions

raifed, to the royal

prefence.

fultan, in the year

821, fent Tage

ul

which he had

Malleck againft Raja

wafte the province of Kittar, and returned to Budaoon.

he came

river,

and from

where he

to Atava,

thence returned to Delhi.

agalnfl the rebels of Kittar, and,

ditti

He

of Schole.

upon

raifed contributions,

his

perfoftJ*

at

at Pattali.

at his approach, ftiut himfelf

for fix

months.

up

in

battle,

returned to his
ex.

Mahabut Chan being alarmed

Budaoon, where the king be-

In the courfe of the fiege, Cawarti

Chan, Achtiar Chan Lodi, and

all

formed a confpiracy againft the

life

the old friends of

of Chizer.

The

Mahmood Shaw,
fultan dilcovering Diicovers

the plot, decamped from before Budaoon, and returned towards Delhi.

He, on

mad

his

his'iTfe!^""^

way, prepared an entertainment, upon the 20th of Jerri-

ul Awil, in 822, to

and the guards

faflinated.

^!''/'^''t

Delhi a few days, and then moved towards Bu-

daoon, crofting the Ganges

him

^-p

crowed the Rahib, laid wafte the country of

ui Jjygiido

continued

.jj

march, chaftifed the ban-

capital,

fieged

"

Croffing

Chizer wentiihin

Simbol and Kittar, and, without coming to

He

Chizer \n.

Malleck, without ending the war, plundered and laid

Narfmgh.

then the

fr^omSifhind.

as a hoftage,

this

Sammana, fending

>='>'Trh.e

'idr-^^

Turk who

and he was once more driven back to his

befieged Sirhind,

afTdf- ^- ^- *'+'7-

governor of Sammana, was immediately

Zirick Chan,

Sirhind.

who had

Taan, chief of thofe Turks

which

letting fuddenly

all

the confpirators were ihvited,

upon them, they were to

d mafi

a'f-

After

"^^^ cor^CpU
nated.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

t2
A

After the fultan returned to Delhi, he was informed, that an im-

D. 1419.
Hig. 822.

An

iinpoiior

had appeared

at

Matchewarrah, under the name of Saring

Chan, and had, by that means,

^'i^Whewar-

li

poflor

gether.

The

the

of Iflam Chan, was,

title

at that

governor of Sirhind,

time,

impoftor was defeated, driven to the

by the joint forces

purflied

body of people to-

king ordered Maleck Sultan Sheh Lodi, who, with

The

againft him.

defeated,

colledted a great

-of

Maleck Taan, governor of

and

hills,

Jallender,

of Zirick Chan, governor of Sammana, and of Maleck Cheir ul

Dien, governor of the country between the

army

deferted him, each

ly retiring to his abode.

He

again ap-

P"*^*'

to their refpedive ftations.

hills,

ravaged the country

.dition

a great

army

jj^^j^ Q.jj

againft
^l^g

In the year
to

as far as

Munfurepoor and

824.,

time, the vizarit

f^iej.

Awil, of

and

fort

Tage

of Kotillah.

was conferred upon

jull:,

to Delhi,

was

ul

total defeat,

Maleck dying

his fon.

to Attava, levying tribute

this year.

his death

The king

fent

drove

Chizer Chan marche*d towards Mewat, takine

then pofTeffed that country.

he returned

of Sirhind, and

Pael.

them, who, giving them a

from thence towards Gualier, where he

who

fort

kingdom.

and deflroying the

then haftened

ifTued

and having made an alliance with Maleck

Taan^ governor of Jallender, they inverted the

Chizer

impoftor's

But, in the year following, Saring Chan, the impoftor,

again from his

and is overthrown.

The

man fkulking as beft he could, and privateThe imperial forces having no further fer-

and returned

yice to do, feparated,

rivers.

The

at that

fultan turned

raifed contributions,

on

-the

and

fon of Rai Sibbere,

Falling fick during his progrefs,

where he died on the 17th of Jemmad

He

ul

reigned feven years, and a few months;

greatly lamented by the people, being efleemed a

generous, and benevolent prince,

for'

that a^e.

S.

E C-

nrSTORY OF iflNDOSTAN.

TI-tE

SECTION
The

of

reign

23

V.

Moaz ul Dien Abul Fatte

Sultan

MuBARicK Shaw.

H E N Chizer
all

Chan had, by

hopes of recovery,

two days

after

throne, by the

made

peror
coulin,

to

him

of

Moaz

ul

1421.

expired;

Shaw afcended

the

Suitnn

The new em-

Dien Abul Fatte.

the ufual appointments, raifmg Maleck

high honours

lofr A. D.

empire. Accordingly,

in the

the fultan's death, Mubarick

title

before he

three days

he,

appointed his eldeft fon to fucceed

the violence of his diforder,

Buddir,

Mu-

cends the

his

and Maleck Rigib ben Suldivi Nadir, to

,

the government of Dibalpoor and Punjaab.

month of Jammud

In the

ul

Awil, he received advices, that

who

the brother of Shecha Gicker,

ferit,

had, the preceding year,

defeated and taken Sultan Ali, king of Calhmire, upon

from an expedition againfl Tatta, prefuming upon

and valour, had taken

He,

mander

his

his.

mountains, and appointed. him

in chief of his troops.

He

fiwa-f'

return

own power

a refolution to attempt the throne

for this purpofe, invited into his fervice

fled to the

Jif-Jifierit invades thee m-

of Delhi.

Maleck Taan, who Iwd

Amir

ul Ortirah,

"^^^/^ioh^,,

or comri)

foon over-run the countriegfof

Punjaab and Lahore, feized upon Zirick Chan, governor of Jallender,

by perfidious means,

mediately thereafter

Sultan

which he took the place ; and im-

befieged Iflam

Chan

Mubarick Shaw, though the

their height,

hind,

after

Jiflerit

in Sirhind.

folflitial

marched from Delhi, and upon

^
raifed

rains

his

were

tlieri

approach to

in The
j^ainfl

the fiege, and retreated to Ludhana.

Zirick

found means to efcape from him, and join the

Chan,

at that place,

king.

The emperor advanced

towards Ludhana and

fmg the Suttuluz, encamped on the

oppofite

bank

crof-

JifTerit^

having

firfl;

pof-

feiTed

fultan
^'

Sir-

1)1.'ri.

Obliges him

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

C4

himfelf of

^cfTed

l"^"''

obliged Mubarick to halt,

Jiflerit,

Upon

mean

in the

the

Mahmood

Chan,

till

the water (hould

Maleck Secunder Topha

made

the Sultan himfelf following

the body of the army.

JifTerit,

a forced

them

by

took

all

the purfuit, a great

flew, in

after this defeat,

Mubarick

gj-jj

rebuilds Lahore, and returns to Del.

hi.

be-

Ji/Terit

Jiore

army

he

which

Jifl^erit

the Mohirim, of .82

in

c,

diredled his

to

coUedtliig

Lahore

h:is

fcattgr^d forccs, took the field again,

months, without

for five

^ggg^ retired to Callanore, and

to recruit his

king

fell

fuccefs.

to fuccour

and in-

then raifed the

for

having given

but the adion, which enfued between them,

Jifferit

went

to the

banks of the Bea, and be^ain

army.

who had

been fent

Lahore, joined by Malleck Rigib, governor of Debal-

poor, and by Iflam

wards

He

upon Rai Bime,

Jn the mean time, Malleck Seconder Topha,

the

march

be repaired,
I^ihore, Ordered the ruined palaces and
''^^'i'
11
n
tt
i
and, appointing MaJJjpck Halien gov.er.nor^ returned to Delhi.

being undecifive,

ill

had thrown him-

^
_
fortifications to

afliftance to the

js obliged to

dire(5ted the

another place, but was purfued with great flaughter,

Mubarick Shaw,

wuhcut vcflied
.

The Sultan kept clofe to

many of the enemy, and

took refuge in the mountains, in a very

to Bile, a flirong fort into

fled to

^{{[Qi it,

<u<;ccfs.

means, was thrown into

But Rai Bime of Jimmu, having

^!fl:refled condition.

felf,

them with

their baggage.

JiiTerit,

king's

ac-

march, and forded the

clofc to fupport

this

confufion, and turned his face to flight.

his heels,

Zirick

Vizier,

Haflen, Maleck Callu, and other omrahs,

cording to the fultan's order,

river,

Kabulpoor,

at

fall

being determined to oppofe his paffage.

time,

ith of Shuwal,

the river, which circumflance

ihe boats upon

all

Jifierit,

to take flielter

Chan

Lodi, governor of Sirhind,

advanced to-

Ravi and Chlnaab, and

and obliged him

to crofs the

among

Secunder Topha marched along the

moun- R.^vi to Callanore

the

hills.

and, upon the frontiers of

Jimmu, Rai Bime

joined

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

joined him, and leading the imperial troops through the

hills,

where

A^^P-

the Gickers were concealed, fome thoufands of that unhappy people

were put

Thefe

to the fvvord,

faccelTes prevailed

and Topha returned

upon the king

the Sultan

fix,

and conferred

upon Surur

it

ul

Lahore.

to appoint

Topha

vice-

But, in the year eight hun-

roy of Lahore, and to recall Haffen.

dred and twenty

to

him of

deprived

Muluck,

whom

the vizarif,

he difpatched

The emperor himfelf followed that

The inhabitants of Kittar were fubeeneral with a greater armv.
The Sultan havmg
dued, and a great tribute exadted from them.

againft the

Hindoos of

Kittar.

Ill-

fettled affairs

him

to

with Mahabut Chan, governor of Budaoon,

march

againft

the tribe

of Toor,

The Raja

plundered, and took prifoners to a man.

ing, at this time,

commanded
that general

of Attava hay-

camp. Sultan
and befieged him there. Byt

withdrawn himfelf from the

Mubarick purfued him

whom

Sultan
^3"^*^
vades

to that place,

king's

terms of peace were fettled between them, and the Raja's fon given
as a hoftage for his father's future

good behaviour. The king,

after

ihefe tranfadions, returned to Delhi.

Malleck Haffen was, about

mafter and

by

commander

this time,

appointed Buxfhi, or pay-

in chief of the troops.

his misfortunes, raifed again his head,

Jifferit,

unconquered

and, having defeated and

flainRai Bime, by a freQi acquifition of reputation and wealth, raifed

an army of Gickers, with which he again attempted the conqueft of

Delhi.

Having ravaged the

countries of Li^hore and Debalpoor,

he

when Malleck

Se-

colleded together very confiderable plunder, but

cunder Topha advanced againft him, he did not chufe to rifque a

battle,

and therefore

retired,

with his

fpoils,

bufied himfelf in recruiting his

army

mean
Mogul Omrah,
Voi.U.

made an

In the

time, Jifferit
a fubjed:

for

where he

another attempt*

alliance

of Mirza Sharoch,

to the hills,

with Amir Ah, a

who

refided at Cabul.

He

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

26
A

n.

14:3.

Amir

perfuadcd

Ali to

make

an incuifion into the territories of

Backer, and Tatta, to draw off the king's attention from.

Sciftan,

own

Mallcck Alia

ul

Dien,

regent of Moultan, dying about this time, and the news of

Amir

Delhi, and ib to facihtate his

being noifed abroad,

All's incurlion

Mahiimmud

Malleck

fchemes.

Halien,

without delay, fent

th-e fnltan,

with the army, towards Moultan.

Sultan Hofhung, raja of Malava, had, in the lame year, invefted'

which obliged Sultan Mubarick Shaw

Gualier,

of thofe provinces, and

contributions

Defeated hy

MubarKK.

to

peice.

him;

levying,

upon the approach of Mubarick,

down on

d^^nibul, and

fat

having, in the

mean

on

way^

his

crofTed the~

Mubarick Shaw

the oppofite bank.

time, found another ford, croffcd the river with,

great expedition, attacked

Sues for

againft

upon Amir Chan, of Biana.

Saltan Hofhung,

ners,

march

to raife all the forces

Hofhung

in his

camp, took many

The

and a part of the enemy's baggage.

prifo^

prifoners being

Mahommcdans, were difmiffed by the king. Hofhung..

thought it then advifeable to compound all differences, by paying
down a fum of money to the fultan upon which he was permittedto withdraw towards Dhar. Mubarick Shaw having tarried for fbme
found to bc

time in that place, to levy contributions upon the neighbouring Zereturned,

mindars,

in

the

month of

Rigib,

eight hundred

and.

twenty feven, to Delhi.

The

fultan,

next year,

made

motion towards Kittar, where Rai

Narfingh came to the banks of the Ganges, to pay his refpeds to

him J but

as

he

years back,
fettled,

he did not pay the revenues of

W2is confined

and then he was releafed.

chaftifed

fome

riotous

not remain there

Mubandcre-

many

The

days, before

till

and

their countrv, returned to Delhi

his accounts'

were

fultan croffed the river,

he drew

from v/hcnce he drove the rebels

jyig^^t,'

difmiffes

days,

Zemindars, and returned

ducesMewat,

hu army.

few

for a

his territory, for three

to Delhi.

his

to the hills,

He

did

army towards
and ravaging
o b

and permitting his omrahs to re-

"

^-^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

tire

to

he gave himfelf up

their jagiers,

and

pleafure

to

27
fef- A.

14^3.

tivity.

rendered more

But the inhabitants of Mewat,

drftrefled

by the king

bad pohcy,

in ruining their country,

and to

obliged to prey upon their neighbours,

cent countries.

defperate

them.

Upon

hader Nahir, retreated to the

army

But the

diftreffes

of Alwar, where they defended

Being, at length, reduced to great

fultan returned to Delhi.

Mewat

of the people of
^

The

peaceable fubjeds.

was again obliged

fultan, after a recefs

to turn his a>rms againfl

and fword through their whole country.

hummud held the

Mahummud fhut
againfl; the

Upon

chief fway.

himfelf up in the

king fixteen days

them, and

He

to

Delhi.

city,

w^hich he

Muckbul Chan, and

To

gave in charge the town of

Fattipoor,

marched

turned to Delhi.

Malleck Cheir

removed,

held out

ul

greateft

The
feut

fultan de-

Mahummud

Dien Topha he
the

name of

raifed contributions there,

and re-

at that time,

from the government of Moultan

upon Malleck Rigib

Ma-

and was, with a

known now by

Sikri,

to Gualier,

He

as far as

the approach of the fultan,

rope nbout his neck, brought into the prefence.

his family

to carry fire

proceeded

part of the garrifon, he furrendered at difcretion,

livered the city to the care of

them

of four months only,

upon the defertion of the

but,

did not render

of Amir Chan, his brother

the death

Biana, where, after

ibrxner

fubdue

they furrendered themfelves, were imprifoned, their country

was again ravaged, and the

and

to

and Kiddu, the grandfons of Bad-

hills

the paffes with great bravery.

diftrefs,

were

in the year

This circumfcance obliged the king,

his approach, Jillu

Difturbances

the adja-

infeft all

eight hundred and twenty nine, to coiled again an

and

to that

Mahummud

Haffen

ofFirofa, bellowing the

?Jadir.

Durino;

Mewat

again
reduced.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

28
'^^P- n*3v!'

Daring

Niahummud efcapc, with

his family, to

"'^''*

ances.

an expedition to

'

b^riz:,

whom

mud Chan
he

fiege

Shi/ki'^'^''"

Mewat, and colleding

Mahaban. The

he appointed

left

to that

means to

confiderable

MuMahum-

Malleck

fultan difpatched

government, to drive

Mahummud

from thence.

Malleck Mubariz took

Flies toSul-

found

took the city of Biana, in the abfence of Muckbul Chan,

and forcc,

efcapes,

Mahummud Chan

tranfaclions

jj^gf^

when

retired into the fort,

pofleflion of the country.

After a few days

the defence of the place to fome trufty friends,

Ibrahim

ifluing out himfelf, efcaped to Sultan

and.

who was

ad-

occafion fent

ex-

Shirki,

vancing with an army againft Calpee.

Kadir Shaw, governor of Calpee,

preffes to Delhi, for fuccours.
lief,

upon

this

Mubarick Shaw haftened

and having reached Aterawli, detached Malleck

to his re-

Mahummud

Haflen, with ten thoufand horfe, againft Muchtifs Chan, the brother

who was

of Suhan Shirki,
reduce Attava.
drove

in

motion with

a confiderable force to

This detachment,* however, encountering Muchtifs,

him back

to his brother,

and

Mahummud

the army.

to

HafTen returned

:sionn6u

Sultan Shirki advanced along the banks of the Black River

Burhanabad, from thence to the village of Raberi, and

the banks of Kinhire, where
the

mean

within
-

bancfc.

crofling

of the enemy.

crores

five

fkirmifhes

daily

camp, and offered

he declined to
pofe Shirki,

Both armies remained

oint

^jnfijidiif;

in

days,

in their

during which time.

ul Achir,

Sultan

Shirki,

marched out of

Mubarick Shaw, though

own perfon, ordered out his army to opcommand of his Vizier Surur ul Muluck,
Sallami*^^"^ >^ b3b33;5oiq .id-^v
The
^dtloibailuodHomoiHr

rifque his

SeidulSadit, and Seid

wv;U

Jemmad

battle to the king.

under the

Mubarick Shaw,

happened between them.

Mu- however, upon the feventh of

j^jg

on to

the Jumna, near Chundwar, encamped

trenches for the fpace of twenty-two

Sultan Shirki flight

agaf^ft

time,

h^ encamped.

fo

to

THE HISTORY OF HIND03TAN.

The adion commenced,
parted the combatants

29

about noon, and

witli great fury,

nlsiht

A; D,fj4t7.

both armies retreating to their refpedive The

armies
engage,

'

camps.

Sultan Shirki, however, marched

in

off,

the morning, to- a drawn

Mubarick Shaw, contenting himfelf with

wards Jionpoor, while

'

bat-

^'

the advantage he had gained, returned towards Gualier, crofling the

river at Hitgaut.

Having received there the

off towards Biana, into

which

the battle.

again obliged

to capitulate,

pleafed.

Mahummud Chan

He made

himfelf, after

was

left in

to

he turned

had again thrown

but was

defence,

a gallant

and had leave

Mahummud Haflen

ufjal prefents,

go whitherlbever he

the government of that pro-

vince; and on the fifteenth of Shaban, eight hundred and

thirty-

one. Sultan Mubarick returned victorious and triumphant to Delhi. Mubarick

He

Kuddu Mewati, who had joined himfelf Delhi,

and ordered him to be put to death.
ons ^i3U

there feized Malleck

to Sultan Shirki,

In the month of Zicada the fultan received advices, that

Jifferit

down before Callanore, after having defeated Malleck SeGuilder, who had .marched againft him, and driven him back to
Mubarick Shaw fent an order to Zirick Chan, governor
Lahore.
of Samana, and Iflam Chan, who commanded at Sirhind, to join
had

fat

Malleck Secunderj

but,

before their arrival, he had

wards Callanore, and defeated

all

JilTerit in his

turn

depriving

the plunder he had acquired in that province.

Sultan

Mubarick Shaw marched

hirrim, eight hundred and

to

Mewat,

thirty two,

marched

in the

advices

was dead, upon which, the

him of

month of MoIn the

Malleck Rigib Nadir

fultan conferred the title of

Ameid

ul

Muluck upon Mahummud HafTen, who had fettled the affairs, of

Biana, and fent him governor to Moultan. The fultan^ in the following year, proceeded to Gualier,

nore.

to-

and entirely fubdued that

arrived at Delhi, that

be-

is

defeated,

i,^.

country, obliging the inhabitants to pay a regular tribute.

mean time

JlfTerlt

which country he ravaged,

and carried off fome thoufands of the poor inhabitants into

flavery.

Turning

Sultan
Jues^

Mu-

M^wac.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

so
A

r>.

4:9.

Turning

his

llicn

Ironi ihe fon

of HalTen Chan, gave

wards returned
fon

had the

to Delhi.

title

that of Siija u1

Ingratitude
sl/a

it

Seid

it

to Mallcck.

Alkim dying by

Muluck, together with

iliould

Ilumza, and

aftcr^'

the way, his cldeH:

of Seid Chan conferred upon him, and the youngefl

which was very great

doilan,

towards Raberi, he wrefted that country

forces

all

the wealth of their father,

though, according

to

Hin-

the cuftom of

become the property of the king.

Thefe favours, however, did not fecure the

of the fons of

faith

AHum!^ Seid Alliim, for they fent Fowlad, a TurkiQi flavc, to Tibberhind,
to Air

up

privately, in their

formed hopes,

that they

it is faid,

prefs the rebellion,

and

name, an

might be

to join the rebels.

But the plot was difcovered, and both imprifoned

mean

time, Malleck

Eufuph and Rai Ibbu, were

to confifcate their eftates, and

hi\d

fent with a force to fup-

have an opportunity

fo

They

infurredlion there.

while, in the

fent to

Tibberhind

fupprefs the difturbance raifed by

Fowlad^

Rebellion of
l-o^lad.

FovvUd entering

into

a negotiation, lulled Into a negligent fecu-

and fallying one night from his

^jj^ ^1^^ imperial generals,

He

prized their camp.

effort

great difcharge of artillery

into the imperial troops,
MLibaiick
a' ai'ilil hijn.

Ing their

camp

fur-

was, however, fo warmly received by the

king's troops, that he was foon driven back.

from making another

fort,

This did not deter him

next night, at the fame time making a

from the works, which ftruck

who

ftanding, with

a panic

took immediately to their heels,

all

their baggage.

leav-

Sultan Mubarick,

was conftrained to march to"P^" receiving advice of that dififler,

wards Tibberhind in perfon. The rebel daily gathered flrength, and
.the'-king

was obliged

to call

Ameid

fcveral other governors, to join him.

tion

ul

Muluck from Moultan, and

Every thing

being prepared, the fultan flopped

tlie greateft

part of

lils

army

at SurfuttI,

for the expedi-

and dilpatched

to inveft the fort of Tibberhind.

Fow-

lad fent a mefiage to the imperial camp, importing, that he had

ereat

THE HISTORY OF PHNDOSTAN.

3^

great confidence in Ameid ul Muluck, and faid, that if he fliould be ^ J^O

H:o-.
fent with prom ife of pardon, he himfelf would deliver up the place.

The

Ameid

fultan accordingly fent

Fowlad met him

ul

Muluck

to

Tihberhind, where

Having accordingly

a little without the gate.

'429833.

re-

ceived affurances ef pardon, he promifed to give up the place the

But one of Ameid

next day.

Fowlad's acquaintance,, told

Muluck was

man

of

fcricl

it

Fovdad,

A^uluclcs attendants,

him

privately,

of

Ameid

ul

that tii-ough

fo

tender of preferving his,

was very probable he might bring Fowlad

after the conference

who was

honour, and would certainly adhere to

might not be

his promife, yet the king

and that

ul

was

to

puniihment.

revolved this intimation

over,

in.

own mind, and repented ferioufiy of his promife ; and, therefore,

he had both money and provifions, he determined to hold out to

his
as

the

'

lall.

The

fultan feeing that the taking of the place

would be a work of Befiegeshim.

time, and that there would be no occafion for fo great an

'

befiege

he permitted Ameid

it,

f Moultan, and leaving Iflam

Firofe, to carry

on the

having held out

means of
Ali,

king.

mifes

fiege,

army

to

Muluck to return with the forces

Chan Lodi, Cummal Chan, and Ral
ul

he himfelf

retired

months, he was greatly

to^

Delhi.

Fowlad

diftreffed,

and faw no

extricating himfelf, but by an alliance with

Amir Shech
Mogul

fix

governor of Cabul, on the part of Mirza Sharoch, the

He
for.

fent, for this purpcfe,

his afnftance.

As

meffcngers to him, with large pro-

Sultan

Mubarick Shaw had taken no

pains to keep upon good terms with the Mogul,, the latter left Ca*
,

bul, and, being in his

way

joined by the Gickers, croffed the Bea,

and ravaged the countries of thofe omrahs

and advancing towards Tihberhind, the

fled.

Fowlad,

who

carried

imperial'

on the

fiege

army decamped

and.

for this fignal fervice,

rupees, and other prefents

gave to Shech Ali two lacks of

and having given to him all the charge

of his family, exerted himfelf

in

repairing the fortifications, and:

laying in provifions and ammunition*

Amir

f,,^^
'^'^

Moguls,.

THE III5T0RY OF HINDOSTAN.

32
\^'^'
Hig. 833.

who

ravayie

"^^^

Amir Shech

the Unhappy country,

datioiis upoii

times the value

committed cruel dcpre-*

Ali, crofiing; the Suttuluz,

','([/;

of plunder twenty

the fabfidy which he had received from Fowlad.

olf

Advancing then

acquiring

Lahore, he'raifed the ufaal tribute from Se-

to

ciinder'Topha, then returhecl towards Dibalpoor,

he went

co'iimry wherever

were computed

'to

have

Ameld

to

to thitpoor,
retreat

"to

oa.tan.

j.^gg^

^-j^g

When

fave

A'rrield ul

The

Moultah.

enemy

Muluck

to follow

them beyond the Ravi, and

of Moultan.

to lay wafte

Ali defeated there

left to fliop his progrefs.

aflault

upon the

cohtinued, however, from their

towards the

The

and went

flip,

of the imperial army encou-

the city, and the next day,

Ramzan, they made an

fu'tan

ported himfelf to oppofe

thence the Moguls advanced to Cheirabad, within thrce^

crores of

The

number

received the fultan's orders to

flight

Chan Lodi, who had been

From

They

Muluck

ul

the' country, to within ten crores

Iflam

befides a greater

town o^Tilbanna, but he gave him the

.^ Ali, at the

March

infomuch that forty thoufand Hindoo^

'l^een mafTacred,

carried'away prifoncrs."

"

defolating the

.city,

putting

fultan being

all

whom

which was the fourth of

place, but

camp

to

were beat back.

make

daily excurfions

they could meet to the fvvord.

informed of thefe tranfadtions, fent Fatte Chan

Mubarick Chan of Guzerat, with Zirick Chan, Malleck Calla

Shenipile, Malleck Eufoph, Kummal Chan, Rai Hibbu, and other

fends an ar.
^^^^
jny againll
ti.em.

omrahs of

difl:ina:ion,

being joined by
battle to Ali.

all

to

fuccour

Ameid

thefe with their

Ali did not decline

it,

ul

forces,

Muluck
went

and a furious

out,

who,

upori

and offered

conflidt enfued,

beginning of which the Moguls gained fome advantage.

The Moguh However, upon the death of Fatte Chan, the gale of fortune
overthrown.
Shech Ali,
a
and blew with the ftandards of Hindoftan.
in th-e

^
at

one

fl:roke,

played away

all

his gains, efcaping,

tendants only, toCabul, his whole

jdrownedin the Gelum,

army being

with a few ateither killed or

in their precipitate flight.

Ameid

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK.

Ameid

Muluck, having purfued the runaways

ul

53

to Shinnorc, A^.^- H3-

returned vi(florious to Moultan, and the omrahs,

who had

fuccoured

him, repaired, by the king's orders,

and foon

after,

the

him

alfo

fultan, jealous

to court.

of the fuccefs of

Jiflerit

to

Ameid

Delhi
ul

Muluck,

took advantage of his abfence,

called

croflfed

the

Gelum,

jjflerit in-

j,^^"'^^^"'"

Ravi, and Bea, and fought Malleck Secunder Topha, near Jillender, defeated

He

gage.

and took him

with

prifoner,

and befieged Lahore,

forthwith advanced

the fame time, at the inftigation of

at

his treafure

all

and bag-

Shech

made another

Jiflerit,

incur-

llon towards

Moultan, andj having taken Tilbunna, by capitulation,

he broke

word, plundered the place, mafTacred

his

to bear arms,

laying the

all

the

and carried their wives and children into

town

Befieges La-

Ali,

men

able

captivity,

in ruins,

Fowlad, taking

alfo

advantage of thefe difturbances, marched out

of Tibberhind, and invading the country of Rai Firofe, defeated him.

Sultan

He, accordingly, upon

thirty-five,
vizier,

the

took the route of Lahore, appointing Malleck Surur, his

Suriir arriving at

hore, and retreated to the

ihis,

it

governor of that place, and to

Malleck

find

now high time to march from Delhi.

firftof Jemmad ul Awi), eight hundred and

Mubarick Shaw thought

command

Sammana,

in the

JilTerit raifed

Fowlad again ihut himfelf up

in Tibberhind.

the fiege of

The

to

Chan Birkandaz

army

to fupprefs

fome

ul

Muluck with

infurre^tions about Gualier,

leck Surur to befiege Tibberhind

it

to

a pn?t.

and Mal-

he himfelf returning to Delhi.

month cf Zihidge, Jiilerit advanced again to Lahore, and

commenced hoflilitics againlV Nuferit Chan, which obliged the fultan
In the

in the year eight

Sammana.
Vol.

II.

hundred and

Intelligence

v.

Sultan, upoiT?-

then returning, encamped near Panniput,

on the banks of the Jumna, fending Ameid

the

J^e fi^ge^'*^'

La-

Cabu!,

took the government of Lahore from the vizier, and gave

Nuferit

Mu-

van of his army.

Shech Ali haftened back

hills.

Saltan

as

march from Delhi as far as

him in that place of the d^ath

thirty-fix, to

brought

to

Ctf

Mub-.riek

'^"^'rr'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

34
A

D.

1432.
836.

iiig.

Qf his moriier, M'uchduwift T^han, andhcimmediatdVreTumea,

^

a few attcndaatg

aiidj

performing the funcrd obfequies, WJit

After his arrival in the camp,

back to his army.

changed

a^tcf

he fuddenly

and turned back towards Mewat, conferring

his rcfolution,

the government: of Laliore upon Malleck Alleh

Daad

Lodi,

mifed to expd Jiflerit. But Jilferit, upon hearing of the

fiiltan's rerturn,,

was joined by a gre^tbody of Gickers, who imagined

fairs

Ick

who pro-

that his af-

bore a better afped:, fo that he was in a condition to receive Al-

Daad

Lodi,

whom he

defeated.
,1
.'^^^i-.^ ../.aM
-

;ft

The

f-,,-.f

that Shech Ali, governor of

'F

o'oV,.-,^

news of

fultan having received the

CabuU was coming towards Tibberhind^

him Ameid

ul

Muluck

omrahs who were befieging Tibberhind.

Upon

took again the rout of Punjaab, fending before

to reinforce the

his approach,

Malleck Shech

afide his intentions of

Jjiad

reached Tilbundi,

place,

"

AU

left a garrifon

furprized,

ij'jThe

who had

fijls

nephew* Muziffer,

fultan, a

re-

is

taken by

Ma-

barick.'

j^g

x.oo\i

Cabul.

laid

and began a

But hearing that the fultan

of two thoufand

men

in

in his

the-,

way,
^

in the fort of Shinnore.

fecond time advanced Malleck Secunder Tcpha,

ranfonied himfelf, to the government of Lahore, Dibalpoor,

and Jillcnder, upon which he advanced and

w!)ich

awe of him,

and turned away, hy

to Tibberhind,

which he

,in

and retreated towards Cabul, ravaging the country

lea\54fl,g

flood

(^zn^ of maffacrc and depredation.

ij^^^j-j-jj

coming

who

Ali,

forced marches, towards Lahore,

Shech Ali
takesLaliore,

overthrow, and ahb

this

it

He

to the city.

bv capitulatiou, and permitted the garrifon to

.

retire to

immediately crofTed the Ravi, near Tilbundi, and in-

verted Shinnore.

dard of oppofition
Shinnore ca- capitulated,

laid liege

Malleck Muziffer held up

for a

whole month, but being hard

by giving his daughter to the

pnuldtts.

j-anfom for his liberty.

in that place the ftan-

Mubarick

left

fultan,

a great

he

prefTed,

and paying a great

part of his

army

at

Dibalpoor, and, with a feledt body, marched himfelf to Moultan to

viiit

the tombs of the faints, from

whence he returned

in

few
days

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He,

days to his camp.

at this time, turned

of his government of Lahore, and gave

him

ul

Malleck, the

in the vizarit

abilities,

and, the latter being

tribe

Cafi

Kammal ul Dien with

efleemed a man of fuperior

and began

difTatisfied,

Sidarin and

Sidpal,

two great Hindoo

of the private

lord

watched an opportunity

iv^^bout this time,

Mubarick Shaw had ordered

an excurfion towards Tibberhind,

-was taken,

as

it

and

chambers,

a city to

be founded

Mubarick Abad, and made

were

it

He

to take the diverfion

there received intelligence that

was carrying on between Sultan Ibrahim

Shirki,

of

war

and Sultan Hofhung

near Calpie, which was a very agreeable piece of news to

Mubarick Shaw, who fought an opportunity

.^/rom- his dominions.

and pitching

He

to expel Sultan Shirki

therefore gave orders to mufter his army,

his tent without the city, delayed a

lating and coUedting his forces, during

new works without

fear

few days

in regu-

which time he continued

to

of danger, having never given of-

fence to his nobility, except in changing or turning

their

agaTnft the

Muma-

and being prefented with the head of Fowlad, he re-

turned to Mubarick Abad.

the

confpiracy

Having, on the way, received advices that Tibberhind

hunting.

vifit

chiefs

to afTaffinate the king.

upon the banks of the Jumna, calhng

to projedt treafon.

of Kittrie, Miran Sidder, deputy to the Aziz

Abdul Summud,

others, they

Malavi,

Muluck, and

he foon gained the favour of his fovereign and the people.

Having gained over

lick,

ul

he joined

vizier,

Surur ul Malleck became

of the

Ameid

Being jealous of the power

returned with great expedition to Delhi.

of Surur

SecunderTopha again out

to

it

35

them out of

governments when they mi{behaved.

Upon

the ninth of the riionth of Rigib, in the year eight hundred

he

it af/ijii;
'

thirjry-feven,

according to his t^Morn, k^

ppy, mefqpe whigh-h'e

,Je.yv:,^^ttej[ip,mS.

The

had'btiilt' at

GonrpiratoTs

tcwoi-fliip at a

Mubari<ik Abad, with

rumed

vveitC;

in,

in

wly

armour, with drawn

fwords

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'^6

upon, him, and baicly

afi'iiffinated

^tiil'

having previoufly
tJie

Hischarac-

Mahumrnud^ one of

matters With SuUaji

fettled

Surur ul Malleofc.

l^im.

grandibns of Chizcr Chan, raifcd that prince tg the tlironc^

Mubarick Shaw

He

teen days.

rc'igncd thirteen

was efteemed

yaFS, three months,,

man

fjid.

fix-

of parts, juft aad benevolent,,

and, though no great warrior, had he lived in a virtuous age, there-

Js.no doubt but he pofieffed talents which might render

him worshy

of a thronev

SECTION
The reign

VIU

w.ftb/:-

Mahummud ShawBen Ferid

of Sultan

Chan;

Ben Chizer Chan.

A

Mahummud
iJhaw mounts
the throne.

CC ORI>lNG

^
vc^s

to the

cuftom of the world, which cannot

fubnlt Without rulc, the

lame day that Sultan Mubarick Shaw

to eternity,

f^nt

The

throne.
title

rn

Mahummud Shaw

ungrateful

affaffin,

wa

eflabllihed

Surur ul Malleck,

upon the

received the

of Chan Jehan, and feized upon the king's treafure,

iand other effedts,

appointing

new

difcharging
ones,

who

all

the old omrahs from

might, in time, ferve his

regalia,^

office,,

and

ambi.tiou.s

views.

Kummal

The omrahs
diJfontent!"'^

death,

ul

Malleck, and other omrahs,

confulted

among

refolved,

rather than kindle

themfelves,

to bear with the times, to

who

were in the camp,

upon hearing- of the

a civil

war

in

king's

the country,

pay allegiance to the new king, and to

wait a more proper and more certain opportunity of taking revenge

upon the

confpirators.

pliments to

They came

Mahummud

Shaw.

into the city and paid their

The

firft

com-

preferments, which the

vizier

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

=^i"zW'a^c
the

kway

two Hindoo

to facilitate

was

his future fcliemcs,

to appoint

confpirators to the governments of Biana,

Narnoul, and Coram

and Miran Sidder,

and the government of

title

feveral countries

Amrohi, The

The

Azim

of Chan

falfe accufations, killed,

out of

A
fent

tricks

imprifoned, baniihed, robbed, on turned

.3noTri^B io

of Surur

colle6lor

fon of-

were c6nferred upon him.

office.

flave

viziers

Seid Chan,

Bat the omrahs, and dependants of Mubarick Shaw, were, by

and

H33-

of Moain ul

vvidi the title

Malleck, was prefented'with a very confiderable jagier.

Seid Salem was dignified with the

37

ul Malleck,..

whofe name was Rana Shcch, was

of the revenues to

him

fought and flew

near that

Chan Lodi

but Eufoph

Biana,

At^ the fame time fome of '^l'^.

place.

"""'^hs

Shaw and of Chizer Chan, who law that

there was a defign on foot to deprive them of their jagiers, particularly Malleck Chimun, governor of Budaoon, Malleck Alleh Daad
Lodi, who commanded at Simbol, Meer Ali of Guzerat, and
Amir Shech, the Turk, erefted the fpear of rebellion, upon which
the omrahs of Mubarick

the vizier, deceived by the behaviour of

him

the

command

Kummal

of the army, and fent Chan

ul

Malleck, gave

Azim

Sidarin,

and

own fon Eufoph, along with him, to fupprefs the rebels. But
when they came to the village of Birren, Kummal ul Malleck in-

his

tended to take revenge on Sidarin and Eufoph, for the murder

the king.
his

refolutions,

them.
fent

He

who,

for that reafon,

This defign being, however,

Malleck Hofhiar,

pretence of fuccours,

effeds of the plot.

his

own

forcement, under the

junftion,

therefore, fled,

difcovered

with private inftrudions,

Kummal

ul

vizier's

JLodi

of

made no motion towards

to

the vizier, he

Have, with a great army,

to

under

prevent the

Malleck, however, had, at Ahare,

joined his forces with Malleck Alia

this

Daad

therefore acquainted Malleck Allah

of

flave,

Daad

Lodi, before

arrived.

the rein-

Hofliiar, hearing

of The

thought that there was no fafety for him, and he,

with Eufoph and Sidarin,

to Delhi.

Kummal

ul

Malieck

army

vizier's

levolu-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

3^

immediately fent

^^'^^^^^'^

march

a-ui

to

him without

to call the difaffeaed

upon the

delay, fo that,

omrahs,

who

joined'

of Ramzan, he moved",

laft

with a great army, towards Delhi.

The

v!7.er

'Yhc vizicr

hlmfclf up in the citadel of Seri, which he held,

fluit

iheciudei.

out three months ; but as the party of

'^^ul

gained flrength

The fuMn
plots

and reputation, he was driven

Mahummud

Sultan

Kiimmal

Shaw,

that his

perceiving:

ul

Malleck daily

to

great diflrefs.

own

would be

affairs

ai^'ainll
_

him.

ruined,

if

he

fliould

adhere to the

endeavoured

vizier,

to conciliate

matters with the benegcrs, and, at the fame time, fought an opportunity of

making

'

The

vizier difc'overing

faltan

'tlie

fons of

Miran

Bidder,

defigned to be beforehand; with

upon the eighth of Mohirrim, with the

own adherents, -he broke

But Mahummud, having fufpeited him

and with fome of his

into the king's apartment.

plot

this plot,

accordingly,

cutting off the vizier.

his efcape,, or

of fuch intentions, had privately a guard

given, ruflied
Is

/lain.

upon the

themfeives to flight

The

'vvere'

fins,

but the vizier was cut to pieces, as he v/as ruHi-

fons of

Miran

'^dFraid

The

baricJi.

J-

ncf^
as
^^j^

remained

.Shaw.

the rcbcls,'
alive

parties

conce4-ned,

were publickly

in

arms.

The

MalleCk,

ul

king was obliged, to

in acciDrdingly, began a dfeadful

till

t'liey'

were boiind and

Such

entirely fubdued them.facrificed at the

'

rmf^

tomb of

Su3

Mubarick Shaw.

.',1

to'

while MaHieck Hoihiar and

and other adherents of Sufur

who, rulLing

^mohg

.-^^

.:ni>e;otr.rahs'-^':|^fjttiinal

giance

KittrleS,

of themfeives, rofe up

'^ie'befiegers,

^"^^
ilr.rtrs Oi iyj

Sidder, and the reft of th6 aHaf-

himfelf up, ordering the Bagdat-gate to be thrown ope^n to

"flint

Pi.niihment

the fate which he defigned

taken, and put to death,

Malleck Mubarick, who were

executed-

hand, who, on a fignal

They immediately betook

confpirators.

in^ out of the door, and thus met

for his lord.

at

ul

Mallei/k, ihd the dtlier omrahk) Avore allegiance

fibA'-dSj/,' fOr 'ihe

fecontl' thlT^i* :tc)TiV4ahtimmtld^

Shaw

'

tlie

Malieck
having

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

hivino: the
hiiii,

of

title

Kummal Chan,

with the vizarit conferred upon

Malieck Chimun being dignified with the

and a

leck,

former

mattters'

title

made

fettled

at Delhi, the king,

a campaign

and encamping near Mubarickpoor, gave orders

army from

Many

the provinces.

all

of Ghazi Mal-

eftates.

were completely

the advice of his counfeliors,

his

commands, by

fiiltan

wards Moul-

draw together

to

till

to enforce

Ameid

ul

the royal

mimerous army, which he brought with him.

All the other provincial omrahs haftened to the camp,

honored with

fultan

of the omrahs, being in-

from Moul tan, adding power

arrived

by The

towards Moultaij,

timidated, delayed to repair to the imperial flandard

Muluck

^- P- HJ^-

other omrahs were confirmed in their

governments, and

offices,

When

The

j^gier.

39

drelTes,

and other marks of iavor and

moved towards Moultan,

to

make

and were

diftinftion.

The

a parade v/ith his army,

and, having vifited the tombs of the faints, returned to his capital.

In the year eight hundred and forty, he marched towards

mana, and detached

who was raifing

a part

diflurbances.

and the king returned

p'eafure, negledling

The

of his army againll

The

to Delhi,

all

Sam-

11

T->

IT'

Patans, Called
Beloli Lodi,

Lmga,

who,

to San--

^""^*
Jifi'erit,

the Gicker,

country of Jifierit was plundered,

where he gave himfelf up

entirely to Gives h'm.

the cares and neceuary affairs of government. doiencVand"

accounts of the fultan's luxurious indolence foon affedled the :{lfi|;e.

Difiadsfadion began

and

to appear
r

role in

after

firft

in Moult.in,

11T
rebellion.

Vv'here a tribe

P'^"^"'^-

of A

revolt in

Moultan.

At the fame tjme, Malleck

the death of his uncle, Iflam Chan, became

governor of Sirhind,^ without any orders, pofTefied himfelf of the

city

and

diflrifts

of Lahore and Debalpoor, with

ail

the

country

back to Panniput.

The

fultan

receiving intelligence of this revolt,

amiy

againrt

many

chiefs of diftindion

him, wlio drove him J^ack

were put

f^^nt

to the hills.

to the Avord,

his

whole

In the retreat

but Malleck BeloU

Malleck Vs|he

impeml

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

40
'"'^

^ih'

I'^f

when

recruited his army, and,

the fultan's forces were with-

drawn, he again poflcired himfelf of

The

they had driven him.

fuhan, this time, fent HiiTam Chan,

the vizier's deputy, againll him,

to Di'lhi

upon which, Malleck

he would put HifTam Chan

been the occafion of

The

fhc

fultan's

fultan

the countries from which

all

who was
Beloli

to death,

wrote to the

who, by

to

to liften

Kummal Chan

deprived

of the

vizarit,

his arms.

this arrogant propofal,

and conferred

mid Chan, appointing another perfon deputy, with

alienatethe
r. inds of his

f^i-^i

ful^eds.

mous and

The

Chan.

,^

He

je(fts
in tliecmpire. \

it

the

alfo

upon Haof Hif-

title

j^ovcrnors of the provinces obfervin? this pufillani^

.'y

impolitic behaviour of the king, predi(51:ed his deftrudtion,

and endeavoured

Confufions

had

his intrigues,

and accordingly gave orders for the death of Hiflam Chan.

thTrcbch]

that if

fultan,

he would lay down

this rebellion,

was Weak enough

defeated, and beat back

own independency;

to fecure their

and zemindars,

the convulfions

forefeeing
_

while the fubthat

have

mufl:

infaed in the flate, with-held their rents, in hopes that they might

be padl'd over,

A. D. i440ii J
"

in the general confufion,

Sultan Ibrahim Shirki polTefTcd himfelf of feveral

maderan .attempt on the

forty four,

(b

to

in this

Mallcfk

d cowb.ii.1^

ITn^J."

city,

to

beg

his

Mahummud

afiirtance.

came

thoufand Perfian horfe,

army was

thouc:h his

"-reatlv

'

enemy, was

Z-

'

afraid to take the field by himfelf,

The omrahs,

ag^jjitj^jjie.jenemy,

Shaw,

to Deliii

vjperior

to

the

'

but committed the

according to orders^ advanced with

Malleck

Beloli ac-

'

charge of the whole to his omrahs, and repofcd himfelf

ram.

Malava,

urgent fituation of affairs, imprudently fcnt an

i.r,!i.

Chillegi, king of

adioin-

and, in the year eight hundred and

Beloli Lodi,

cprdingly, with twenty

The impoH- I'vlahummud Shaw,

a:

capital

advanced within two crores of the

uck With terror

emhafiy

tu-

Mahmood

ing to his dominions, and Sultan

di{lri5ls

in the

the

Ha-

army

Beloli leading the van.

Wh cn

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Wheti

Sultan

Mahniood

Chilligi

was given

to

underdand, that

it

was meant as an

the kijig of Delhi was not prefent, he thought

him; and,

aiFront to

raitted the charge

to be

on

with

a footing

Mahummud,

of his army to his fons Yeaz

41

ul

V':^'

he com-

Dien and Kuddir

.The two armies having engaged, the tfdops of Delhi gave a drawn

Ghan.

way, and

Malleck Beloli alone

left

maintained with invincible

to difpute the

refoliition,

Night, however, coming

Sultan

undecided.

left

which he

the fugitives, a{hamed of

till

their behaviour, returned to the adtion.

on, the vidory was

"field,

bat.

tic

Mahmood

Chilligi be-

ing greatly frightened by a dream that night, and having heard, ia

Ahmed, of Guzerat, was advanced

the morning, that Sultan

'

Mundo, he was more and more

as

defifous of m-=iklng peace

as far

intimidated, and began to be

but fhame prevented

him from

expreffing-

-lo

.on
>
1

his willies.

At the fame

Sultan

time.

Mahummud,

'

with

lefs rei-'^X peace con

"

fon,

up

and contrary

to bafe fear,

peaccv"

Sultan

'''''^'^

of

to the advice

his counfellors,

all

and fent ambafladors with prefents

^f^'^iJ

'-'.rjioH

Mahmood

nr

^r'.jrpi ii.-jiil

Chilligi

bb?i-ri-'iv/

was overjoyed

gave himfelf ^

to his rival to be^^'

Y'vti.i'i

ad)

h'j;ji.ni

which Mnhmood

at thefe propofals,

faved the appearance of his reputation, and immediately accepting

them, marched from the

juftly to delpife

Malleck

field.

them both, and

own

out of the city with his

Beloli,

who now began

to afpire to the empire,

^cke'a^arui*

gj^r'^

marched

and purfuing Sultan Mahmood'"

troops,

him upon his march, defeated him, and took all'

The weak fultan, who did not hitherto fee through BeloH

Chilligi, attacked

his baggage.

him

hi& palpable intentions, gave

adopted him for his

Ibn.'

'

Is

--

'^

.itjirrtid

,.!}

the

vd bbft

In -the year eight hundred and forty

arlj

fiVfe,

'j>lfij

the

oJ

bkus esw

fultari 'mafcK'ei! t8

mana, giving the governments of Lahore and Debalpoor

and ordering him to expel

Beloli,

his

capital.

Malleck

Beloli,

by

this

II.

to

Sam- He

Malleck

himfelf returned to

means,

became extremely

powerful, and recruited a great army of Afghans

Vol.

^^^^I'^

,^(my^>

He

jifferit.

adopt-

.v.^tac u^;i\Mi^iii^ .r

i-uwi.i

ciu

Xi.ii:.

of Chan Chanan, and

title

marciif<

^s^"''^^"-^^^-

but, inftead of

fighting

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

4i2

^llig

Jiirerit,
s-o*^

upon

leize

he brought him over

levcral diilrids,

and began

to his party,

againil:

in- tlie

Tor

kino's

din.'^'^"

his

Delhi, which he bcficgcd for feme months, but, in

king's

i"iipi'"^ly

power was

The

Mahummud

His charafi- nine, leaving

weakened, and began

greatly

Mahmood

fell fick

behind

Chilligi,

and died,

him

mean

In the

in the year eight

decay

which he could not

fie

time. Sultan

hundred and forty

the character of a weak, diflblute, and

unwarlike prince; owing to the ambition of others

years and

to

zemindars of Biana put thcmfelves under the go-

vernment of Sultan
l-ledics.

drew

end, was obhged to abandon his cnterprize.

The
^'^-Y

At

without any orders from the king.

Jength, without any apparent realbn, but his ambition, he

army

to

He

with dignity himfelf.

feme months, and

his fon Alia ul

a throne,

upon

reigned twelve

Dien fucceeded him

in

the empire.

SECTION
The

ici'ji;ii

of Sultan

VH.

Alla ul Dien Ben Mahummud

Shaw.

if l^'wijifis

^;^iie;#one.

XT J HRN Sultan Aila

\y

was

Dien had placed

his foot

upon the mufnud

omrahs, excepting Malleck Beloli Lodi,

^j^^

came and fwore

fultan

ul

allegiance to

him. This contempt of

in no condition to chaflife.

Beloli, the

But having colleded an

army, in the beginning of the year eight hundred and

marched

to recover Biana.

When

new

iifty,

he

he was upon the way, there was

a rumor propagated, that the king of Jionpoor was advancing to-

wards Delhi, which, though

capital

culous

it

though he was

would appear

falfe,

told by
in

brought back the fultan to his

Hiffam Chan, the

a king to be guided

This reprimand brought upon the

vizier,

how

ridi-

by a vague report.

vizier the fultan's difpleafure.

This

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

This

however, proved ruinous to the

ftep,

43

fultan's reputation,

and the meanefl of the people feared not to fay publickly, that he

was

weaker man, and a greater

in the following year to

fool,

than his father.

11
He marcned

''^^j^-

Lofes his reputation.

luxury,

Budaoon, where he remained fome time,

laying out gardens, building pleafure-houfes, and

making

entertain-

Pretending that the

ments, and then returned to Delhi.

^'447-

of Bu-

air

daoon agreed better with his health, he expreffed an inclination of

making
took

that city his reiidence, to divert

much

him from which,

more and more

pains, but only incurred

the vizier

his difpleafure.

All Hindoflan was, at this time, divided into feparate dates

in the

for TheHu-e of

Decan, Guzerat, Malava, Jionpoor, and Bengal, there were

who

princes

affumed the

ftile

and dignity of kings

while Punjaab, Decayed

Debalpoor, and Sirhind, even to Panniput, was poffeiTed by Maileek Beloli Lcdi.

Meiowli, and

within feven crores of Delhi,

Mewat
Afghan
to

Cumpela and

Daood Chan Odi

Chan

the hands of
city,

was

Ahmed Chan
poiTeifed

by De-

Biana was fubjedt

of Delhi, and a few fmall

this

time,

another attempt upon

the city, but was not more fuccefsful than he was before.

from

cover part of his

ai;a

loft

this danger,

began

to ccnfult the

him, that the omrahs were

he be turned out of

all

office,

to

weaken him

came

(lill

dilguiled with his vizier;

to re-

unfuccefsrui
^^/j"-^' "-^'^^

more, told
'

that,

(liouid

and imprifoned, they v.ere ready

pay hini due allegiance, and made no doubt but the

v'ould

means

The

Ma'leck b?-

empire, advifing wjtii Cuttub Chan, Ifah Chan,

Rai Partab. Thefe chiefs, defirous

empire

dif-

to the king.

Malleck Beloli made, about

fultan, relieved

of

Rabari, by Cuttub Chan, the

by Rai Partab

Pattiali,

fo that the city

remained only

ti"i(5ls,

v'ere in

Kole, by Ifah

the empire.^

the country to the Serai of Lado,

Simbol, clofe to the walls of the

Chan Lodi

ria

all

put on a more favorable afpedl.

Tlie

aiTairs

weak

to

of ih&

Alia be-

the dune of thofe traitors, and accordingly impriibnsd and dif-

graced

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

44
^r^'

R*t^'

^''^^^'^

lor

He

vizisr.

removing

immediately ordered preparations to be made

Budaoon, from wliich not

his court to

him

Arances of his bell friends could reftrain

ture,

j-ive? fiis rc-

how

in a ftrong light,

feiitcd,

to

change

impolitic

be,

at

Alia accordingly, in the year ei^-ht hundred and

fifty

the fultan arrived at this

new

was

The Weak
put to death
this

j^jg

friends,

brother

him, and to efcape

out of the

city.

fultan put off the time

-

iVIalleck Beloii to take

portunity,

amufed the

to chaflife the vizier,

till

taking upon himfelf the

piace to the

name of

year eight hundred and

He
in

gave

perfon

Afghans.
that,

upon

for anfwer,

and turned his haram

till

by writing

to

he arrived and

title

the vizier had called

upon him the empire.

fultan,

Beloli, glad

took- pofTeflion of the city,

of Sultan Beloli.

He, however, gave

Sultan Alia ul Dien, in the Chutba, in the

fifty four.

to Debalpoor,

to Sultan Alia ul Dien,

he had expelled the

from that weak prince, that

Beloli as his fon,

marched

and colleded together a great army of

wrote, at the fame time,

his account,

of the op-

him, that he was coming

the city in charge to his fon, Chaja Baezid,

He

there took

by ridiculous procraRinations, and vain

excufcs of the weather, and unlucky times,

_

He

to Delhi.

pofTeffion of all the fultan's effedts,

B;:luh

the

vizier's

immediate
,

upon

but the

to relcafe

Uclni,

Si.It;iii

command him to
having notice given him

king was prevailed upon to

bloody purpofe, found means, with the aliiflance of fome of

of

The

as the vizier

the omrahs could not be brought to truft themfelves at

alive,

^z-er^o^be

ar.d places

out

Cuttub Chan and Rai

capital,

Partab waited upon him, and told him, that as long

111

fet

Budaoon, leaving HiiTiim Chan in the government of Delhi,

for

When

vv^o efcapes

two,

put to death,

fuch a junc-

his capital.

fictn.-e at

liuiiaoon.

remon-

tlic

though they repre-

would

it

all

he would efteem him

as

vizier

and he received

his father

his brother

had adopted
he moreover
promifed

THE HISTORY O f' ?ftNDOSTAi^!

...

prcmif>:d to cede to

permit him to

him

4}

wouM

the empire, upon condition that he

live quietly in

-\-pr '45P,
n^^. 854.

the pofieflion of Badaoon.

"

Alia

aWi

cates in fav<

Sultan Beloli threw immediately the

name of

pened

Budaoon

till

be-

Alia out of the

own

Chutba, and fpread the umbrella of empire over his

Sultan Alia ul Dien remained at

lie L't

head.

which hap-

his death,

the year eight hundred and eighty three; his reign in

in

Delhi being feven years,

and

government of Budacon near

his

twenty eight.

b33i.fi V/ di.,

SECTION

VHL
ijq"

The

reign of Sultan

ELOLI LODI
people,

Beloli L o d

was an Afghan, of the

made

his

way

i.^^fc>fi3i-{i g;

at the court

being

Beloli,

of Delhi, and raifcd

Malleck Ibrahim had

five

Malleck Sultan Shech, Malleck Culla, Malleck Firofe, Mal-

Mahummud, and Malleck

Chaja, who, on the death of their

father remained in Moultan.

When

Chizer Chan was appointed to that government.

Shcch received the command of

all

his

Afghan

troops.

Sultan

In the adion

which Chizer Chan had with Eckbal Chan, Sultan Shech had the
good fortune
favorite

to kill Eckbal,

with Chizer Chan.

by

He

Vv'hich

brothers

partook of his fortune.

means he became

a great

was accordingly appointed by that

prince governor of Sirhind, with the

title

B.inii's fa-

""^^

carried

fociety,

In the time of Sultan

himfeif to the government of Moultan.

leck

1.

of Lodi, which

Shaw, Malleck Ibrahim, the grandfather of

polTeffed of wealth,

fons,

tribe

forming themfelves into a commercial

cn a trade between Perfia and Hindofiian.

Firofe

vboold zidi

of Iflam Chan, while his

One of whom, Malleck

the father of Sultan Beloli, had a diftridt beflowed upon

CalLi,

him by

his

brother.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

46
A

The

D. 14^0. brother.
bbg. 854.

Aco.uitoi

thered

wife of Calhi,

who was

by the

licr

belly,

and faved the

afterwards held the empire, by the

Calla being
^"

Beloli

own

when with

of a houfe,

fiill

up

fiantly ripped

^"[jy'J'^^"

his

bcin?
fmo-

coufin,

went

killed

diftinguifliing himfelf in a battle,

daughter

in marriage.

that he retained tweU'e

lilam

upon

Sirhind, and

at

his

Chan

of the infant, v/ho

with the Afghans of Neaz,

Iflam Chan,

to his uncle,

life

of Sultan Beloli.

title

an adion

in

the father in-

child,

uncle

gave

him

his

his

own

was, at this time, fo powerful,

thoufmd Afghans, moflly of

own

his

tribe,

in his fervice.

ji^am cimn
recon'niends

loli to

the

government
of iirhind.

Iflam Chan,

come
upon

his death,

at

though he had children of his own

recommended

to maturity,

thr court ot
Delhi.

to Iflam

But Malleck

the fon of Iflam Chan.

Cuttub Chan
complains at

The

fucceed him.

troops

to Beloli,

Chan, who had been made

the king of Delhi, and the other to Cuttub Chan,

an omrah by

of the three, found means

creafe his

t<?

one of which adhered

this divided into three parties,

one to Malleck Firofe, brother

artful

Beloli

to

Beloli,

weaken

who was
his

the moil

and en-

rivals,

own power.

Cuttub Chan repaired

to Delhi,

and acquainted Sultan iMahum-

jp^j Shaw, that the Afo;hans of Sirhind were eflablifliing a power,

.

which, unlefs

it

was foon prevented, would (hake the empire.

fultan

immediately difpatched Secunder Topha,

army,

to bring the chiefs

The

with a powerful

of the Afghans to court, and

if

they dif-

obeyed, to expel them from Sirhind.

liflerit
Perfidy of the
ii.;i)cr'.ai

ge-

was

alfo

infl:i2:ated

to take

arms

ai^ainfl;

nieans they were, in the end, driven to the

hills

them, by
which
^
but upon a pro-

licr.iis.

mife of peace, and of their future good behaviour, Malleck Firofe

].Tt his fon

ic'me

Sbai

Chan and Malleck

attendants,

went

to

JiflTerit

Beloli v/ith his army,

and

?vlalieck

and, with

Secunder Topha.

They,

THE

HISTOPvY OF HINDOSTAN.

They, notwithflanding

their

promife,

Chan, imprifoned him and flew

Cuttub

the advice of

by

They

his attendants.

all

47
^-^J^-

dif-

alio

patched part of their arniy to reduce Beloli, but he retreated to a

whh

place of fafety,

army

When

had

Jiflerit

retired

of

among

fpoil

Some time

after

his

as

to

contributions, or plunder

raife

he was extremely generous

fled

dividing

in

he foon became very

followers,

Malleck Firofe

and Cuttub Chan,

Punjaab, Beloli collected the re-

to

and began

his tribe,

wherever he could, and

povv'erful. Bdoi; be-

from Delhi, and jcined him

cr.'ui.

repenting of his former behaviour, foun.d m=ans

be reconciled- to

to

a great part

flain.

mains of

the

Before he could

and children.

was attacked and defeated, and

join Shai Chan, he

his

women

the

Beloli foon after invaded Sirhind,

Beloli.

and

Upon receiving intelligence of

Mahummud Shaw fent Hiflam Chan,

poffefled himfclf of that province.

thefe tranfidions.

with a great army againft him.

his vizier,

the

field,

and giving the

power and

We

in

fat

that

lie

Dirvefli of

Sammana,

a refpedtful poilure

he ordered
Dirvefli.

his fervant

The

Vv'hofe

took

him, by which

his

was yet

-?"

to

to

youth

in his

pay his refpects

narne

uncle's

to

a fa- bv a DiivJni,

When

was Sheidai.

pronTe

he

before him, the Dirvefli cried our, in

Who

had only one thoufand

will give tvv'o thoufand

Upon which Malleck

fix

hundred rupees

Bsloli

rupees for
told

him,

which

in the world,

bring immediately and prefent to the

Dirvefh accepted the money, and, laying his hand

upon the head of

Beloli, faluted

The companions
;

Beloli

one day he was permitted

the empire of Delhi

tion

vizier battle, defeated

when

an enthufiaftick manner,
*

Pvlaheck Beloli

reputation greatly encreafed.

are told,

fervice,

mous

Sultan

him

of Beloli ridiculed

but he replied,

That,

if

king.

him

very

the thing

much

came

for this ac- RcA xinn

to pafs,

he had
*'

made

"/j^''

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

4S

made

a cheap purchafe

the blefling of a holy

if not,

man

could

do him no harm."

Upon

mind

of the Dirvelli might have great

this prcdidioii
its

own end

naturally ambitious, and in an age of fuperflitlon,

when

for

tainment of one

mounted, by

mind

a man's

is

efFc6t, in

once bent upon the at-

the greateft difficulties

objeifl,

But

perfeverance.

a ftv^ady

promoting

be often fur-

will

from

to return

this di-

grelTion.

A. D.
il'g-

After Beloli had defeated the vizier, he wrote to the fultan, as

14.50.
^*)4-

b^fQpe related, laying the whole blame of his

with

When

condudt towards him.

vizier's

of cutting

his deliie

the

rebellion

fultan

upon the

bafely complied

the vizier, Beloli, according to his

off"

promife, waited upon the king, that he might be better able

He managed

carry on his intrigues at court.

well, that he got the

near

it,

him

that enabled
in

him

at the

had,

relations.

]\Ji2am

as

we have

already feen,
-

were related

to

j^^^

fome

him, there were

.^^

Dien,

Jemmal Chan, Miah

Jacob,

who

thirty fix in the empire.

who

in

flill

Barba Shaw,

and of omrahs of renown,

vizier,

influence

the

conferred
ftate,

the empire upoii

he treated him

for

<=>

time with honor

Chan's houfe,

whom

ul

Chan

Jellal

As Hamid Chan, the

'

-K;;-.

'

time of his acceffion, nine fons, Chaja Baczid,

Chan, who was afterwards Sultan Secunder

Miah Mufah, and

pji, (i^.ta.

which were the means

mount the mufnud,

Mubarick Chan, Sultan Alia

grm agninft ^KamidChan.

in jagier

diftridts

the former reign.

He

His fons and

to

his affairs at Delhi fo

government of Sirhind, and other

ccnfirmed to

to

at

an

and

entertainment,

he carried with him,

and ridiculous

refpedl.

as poflible,

to

make

Being one day in

Hamid

he ordered the companions

themfelves appear as

that the vizier

foolifli

might confider them

as

fill

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

filly

fellows

When
to

that fo he

they accordingly

their

girdles,

upon

might be

lefs

came

company, fome

into

guard

his

and ethers put them up

49

againfl;

them.

their flioes

tied

the niches of the

in

apartment.

Hamid Chan afl:ed

ipuflom.
They replied,

them the

were

that they

of that extraordinary

reafbn

When

afraid of thieves.

they had taken their feats upon the carpet, one of them began to
praife the flowers,

and brightnefs of the colours, faying,

home

be extremely glad to have fuch a carpet, to fend

country, to
told

make

Hamid Chan

caps for his boys.

him, he would give him velvet or brocade

When

the plates and

rub

would

to his

own

laughed, and

for that purpofe.

boxes of perfumes were laid

them,

before

fome began

to

to drink

and others to devour whole fefboons of flowers, while

it,

the fineft

made

eat large pieces of

a terrible outcry;

over them, others

all

but was eat up, cover and

the beetle flood no chance,

who had

of rofes

otter

chunam, by having

their

all

fome,

mouths burnt,

and, in this kind of foolery every one was

endeavouring to outdo another,

whik

the king and the vizier were-

almofl burfting with laughter.

The
king's

vizier,

imagining that

this

humour, who had a mind

to

behaviour proceeded from the

make merry

in

his houfe,

was

men given to fo much

The next vifit the king paid to Hamid Chan, a greater
mirth.
number of his attendants v/ere admitted but as Hamid Chan had
ftill a greater number of his own friends within
the court, it was
extremely pleafed, and had no fufpicion of

neceflTary to gain admiffion for

fome more of the king's people, who

The

were flopped without by the guards.

ftrudled

them how

to

proceed in this

cafe,

wrangle with the guard, and threw out

king, for permitting

them

to be fo

{wore that they refpeded the

Vol. IL

vizier,

king having before inthey

began loudly to

bitter invedtives againfl the

unworthily treated.

and would

fee

They even

him.

The

THE HISTORY OF

50
'V/^'

"^^^^ vizier

8--'

and

many

as

hearing
to

The

comc

yiyjcr

f.ized in lus

be admitted

Hamid

at once, told

as the court

the fignal, -and

all

This point

his people

drawing

Chan's fervants to remain quiet, and they fliould

Upon which two or throe fcized the vizier,

The king then told him, that gratitude was

a.

and fpcnd the

reft

was neceflary he

fliould retire

from

of his days in the cares of a future

ftate.

lecurity for his life, but that

bufinefs,

could contain.

no harm.

to

and bound him.

o^nhoufc

ordered the doors to be thrown open,

tliis,

the king gave

bei-ng gained,

IIINDOSTAN'.

it

After this the king ruled without fear or controul.

The fame
he

hundred and

year, the eight

weftem

provinces.

to recruit his

Some of

Beloil regu-

tliefe

crn^Kovui-'

this time, left

'^"^

who, during the abfence of

eight hundred and

hajxed

Sultan

his

hfm, and joined Sultan

fifty fix,

Beloli,

army, and to regulate

omrahs being

Mahmood

he..reached

till

Mahmood

uiidcr the

at

dilTatisfied

in the beginning of the year

advanced with a great army, and

laid fiege

march by march,

Perah, within thirty miles of Delhi.

fend thirty thoufand horfe, and thirty elephants,

command

of Fatti Chan Herevi againft him.

Cutcub Chan,

a6lion began,

all

Shirki, of Jionpoor,

Sultan Beloli hafiened from Debalpoor,

to Delhi.
npri

of the Higera,

Delhi, under the charge of his eldeft fon, Chaja Baezid, and

left

marched towards Moultan

Ih^ be-

fifty fifth

who

When

the

excelled in archery, having funk

an arrow in the forehead of one of Fatti Chan's elephants, the

Bein!idcfats

army of

the
ki.

"

"

'

became outrageous, and broke the

2"^*^^^
^j-j^

difaiTeiled

omrahs,

' For fliamc

'vj-againft
"*.tlie
*f

city

your

and

Diria Chan,

Chan Lodi,

joined Sultan

where

is

one of the

Mahmood, cned

out

your honor, thus to wage war

when you ought

enemies?"
j"

Diria

Cuttub Chan, in

kindred, and to inveft your wife and family in

own

am gone

ag-ainft

who had

of Delhi,

your natural

all

advancing

xneau time,

lines.

* Purfue

rather to defend

me

not," faid

and he immediately wheeled

off,

them

againft

Diria Chan,

followed by

the Patans, or Afghans, in Fatti Chan's army.

The
1

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

The

5'

Chan

other troops being thus deferted, gave way, and Fatti

was taken

prifoner

but having, with his

own

A^P-

H'^^^

hand, juft killed the

brother of Rai Kirren^ that omrah, in revenge, ftruck off his head,

and

fent

it

Mahmood

Sultan

Upon

to the fultan.

news of

receiving the

raifed the fiege of Delhi,

this defeat.

and retreated with great t he.

fiegc

Delhi

of

raifeij.

precipitation to Jionpoor,

The

fultanitof Beloli

1-11
thoughts

-r

towards Mewat, where

him with

manner.

He

in that

remainder

feven

in

Chan

and Diria

Birren,

prefented

Chan

His

i:

/I

hrlt

to

Beloll's pro.

grefs througi*

movement was

reverai pro^

Hamid Chan

hold the

to

marched to

TT-

fubmitted himfelf to his au- ThdrVubfultan took feven pergunnahs from him, and per-

The
him

mitted

and he began

eflablifhed,

upon new acquintions.

turn his

thority.

became firmly

Beloli

fee.

from thence

Lodi, governor of

more pergunnahs, and fubmitted

Simbol,
iii

like

then took "the rout of Koli, and confirmed

Il'ah

He

government.

continued his progrefs to Barhana-

and gave that province to Mubarick Chan, while Bovi'gaw was

bad,

Cuttub Chan Ben Hafiin Chan

fultan

in the

took

in a

it

But when he advanced to Raberi,

Rai Partab.

delivered over to

few days by

fame government.

fliut

himfelf up in the

fort,

but the

capitulation, and again fettled

Beloli

marching from thence

him

to Attava,

he regulated that government, and confirmed the former Suba.

Jonah Chan quitted,

-joined Sultan

about this time, the court in

Mahmood

vernment of Shumfeabad.

make

whom

from

Shirki,

lonah

and

difgufi:,

he received the go-

infti;2;ated

Sultan

Mahmood

tOc.v

another attempt upon Delhi, who, for that purpofe, took the

upon

route of Attava,
firft

where he met Sultan

day of their appearance in

to {kirmilh, but nothing

they began to

keep

treat,

polTefilon

ecid that Sultan

of

on both

fight,

it

was agreed,

the countries

?vlahmood

The

fides fent

armiesi the

out parties

remarkable was done, and, the

when
all

Beloli.

fliould

all

ne.xt da}',

that Sultan Bebli ilioul'i A peace

pofil-ffed

hold

that

by Mubarick Shaw,

was

in

ihe

poireilion
^

ct,'t-

i^'asat-rans

of

he-

SuuTiu?*

of hindostan.

Tiir: 'firsTorvV

<5

of Sultciu Ibrahim, of Jionpoor

engagement with

the elephants taken in the

latter turn

Sultaa

Mahmood, immediately

him.

vvi^nt to

returned to

Shumfeabad

to take poffefi'ion

cf

of Beloli greatly oficnded Sultan Mali-

latter expedition

'

Chan and

Chan Lodi

Diria

during the attack, the horfe

to

Shumfeabad, where Cuttub

camp in
of Cuttub Chan having
furprized his

the night.
trod

upon

But

a tent-

threw him, and he was taken by the enemy, and his party rc"

pin,

treated to their

own camp.

Sultan Beloli

morning, but received advice

Dies.

Chan, and the

aftor this pacification,

mood, and he immediately returned

Beloli,

a!gailjil

This

it.

Fatti

all

Jonah Chan out of his governmeut.

Jionpoor, and Sultan Beloli

Shirk;, of.
ic'uied at

that the former fiiould i^ivc up

that. Sultan

and that the omrahs had

pired,

iet

up

drew out

his

Mahmood

his Ibn

army

had

in

jv.ll

the
ex,-

Mahnmmud Shaw

and, by the niediation of Bibi Raja, the youn^ king's mother,

who

probably had received previous alfurances^ a peace was immediately

concluded.

Mahummud Shaw

returned to Jionpoor, and

Sultaa

Beloli took the rout of Delhi.

Before the fultan arrived at the capital, he received a letter from

Shumfh Chatoon,

the

mofl tender manner, not

to fufFer her brother to

This prevailed upon Beloli

cluded, and to

him
fen
tliis

near

of Cuttub Chan, conjuring him, in the

fifter

to

Chan on
to keep

brother

off,

with

all

fome

trefpafs,

his adherents, to

his other brother, foon followed

as a

ranfom

for

him

prifoner.

took

Kinnoge.

him, but the detach-

Sultan Beloli had fent after Haffen Chan,

the way, and took

him

Mahummud Shaw met

of Mahummud Shaw, HaP-

his brother's refentment for

opportunity of marching

ment which

break up the peace he had juft con-

The younger

Sirfutti.

Chan,

in captivity.

march towards Jionpoor.

Chan, fearing

Sittal

remain

The

fultan

met

Sittal

determined

Cuttub Chan.

In

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAR

In the

)]

mean

Shaw, and having

had

f.ed to

we know

airiillnatcd

Kinnoge,
took

not,

the omrahs confDifed

againft
o
I

time,

Mahummud
rn

who

him, advanced Hallen Chan,

to the throne.
no,

,^5^3

Sultan Beloh', for

what

advantages of thsib dilbrders, but

arches

auainii

reafofi who

now

is

affaf.

en-

Chan fof the Ipace of four

Chan being interchangeably re-

tered into a truce with Sultan -Haffen

years

Cuttub Chan and Siltab

BeloU returned towards

Shuirufeabai^,. wbiclier Hrrr-Singh, the fou

of Rai Partab, came to pay

taken a ftandard
av^ion, that bafe

anxl a pair

man

nating Bir-Singhi.

his

Gompliments.

But

as his father

Chan

of drums formerly from Deria

had

in-

an

thoui^ht to wine off that diilionour by afHiffi-

Tl'^.^ch^ry of

Cuttub Chan, the fon of Haffen Chan, Muba-

Chan, and Rai Partab,

murder, were obliged

differing witli the cruel traitor about this

to fly to Sultan HaiTein.

Beloli,

'''.'3

after thefe

tranfa6tions, returned to Delhi.

.GiiOoi-.j

But, upon account of the rebeilion of the viceroy of Moultan^

the

.nd

Upon

his

diforders

in Punjaab,

he marched towards that quarter.

way, he heard that Sultan

Ilaffein Shirki

abfence, with a great army, to take Delhi.

in his

through necefiity, returned, and leaving Delhi

in

<->

Chan and Chan Jehan, he went out

armies, having

met

at

the village of

without intermiflion for feven days.

up

for the

to

was advancino-,

He

therefore, BeloH

charge
o of Cuttub

meet the enemy.

The two

aguiiiftSuItaa

Haflein.

Chundwar, holhhties continued

peace was at length patched

a

pe^ce

term of three years.

iqe sid?

At
took

the expiration of this truce, Sultan HafTeln inveiled Attava,..

it,

Ahmed Chan of jMevvai, and Ruftum Chan,

interefl, while Ahmed Chan of Selwan, the gover-

and drew over

of Koli, to his

nor of Biana, liruck money, and read the chutba in hisvname. Hafw
fein, with one hundred thoufand horle ar.d a thoufaiKi
elephants,

marched from Attava towards Delhi ; and Sultan

Beloli,

no ways
.

Haffefn

marches to^

mumidatedSvards

Delhi,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. p. 1478. intimidated

The two

by that great force, marched out boldly to meet him.

armies having advanced

fomc time

in fight

of each other, and

which there was no

peace.

vaiicfs

to-

fomc

after

fuperiority of advantage

encamped

for

fkirmiflies,

ia

on either

fulc,

they

again ftruck up a peace.

Biit this pacification

Haflein ad

Battevara,

to

was not permanent.

Sultan Hafi*ein advanced

again towards Delhi fome months after, and was oppofed at the vil-

wards Delhi. \qq

of Sinkar, and obliged to depart upon peaceable terms.

Much

about this time, the mother of Sultan HaiTein, Bibi Raja,

died- at Attava,

and the Raja of Gualier and Cuttub Chan Lodi,

went

him upon

to confole

When

that occafion.

in difcourfe.

Cut-

tub Chan perceived that HafiTein Chan was a bitter enemy of Beloli,

be began

to flatter

him

after

this

manner:

Beloli

is

one of your

dependants, and cannot think of contending long with you.

do not put you

He

then, with

and returned

of Delhi, look on

in pofielfion

much

my word

If I

as nothing.

got leave to depart from HafTein's court,

art,

to Delhi, ajid there

he

told to Sultan Beloli that

he had

efcaped with a great deal of difficulty from the hands of Sultan Haffein,

who was

About

Soltan AI!a

this

meditaiing a

time Sultan Alia

which Sultan Haffein went

tlie

fr-efh

funeral ceremonies

children of Alia.

raarches to

DtJhi.

ul

againil him.

Diea * died

to fettle matters at

Budaoon, upo;i

at

Budaoon, and,

after

were over, he took that country from the

Marching from thence

Mubarick Chan, governor of

HnTL^m

war

to Simbol,

he imprifoned

then marching towards

that province,

hundred and eia;hty

Peihi, in the yyear ei9;ht
o / three,' he croffed the river
0

Jumna

near Gutteruitch.

Sultan Beloli,

who was

at Sirhind,

receiving intelligence of this invafion, returned with

t-o

five his capital.

J^alTirin

Several flight a6iions enfued, in

had, in general, the advantage.

^ The

nil

all

upoa

expedition

which Sultan

iU

abJicateJ emperor.

Cuttub

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Cuttub Chan difpatched

Sukan BeloH

a perfon to Haflein, informino;

provinces on this fide of that river.

they

reverfed

their

hoilile

But Sultan

homev/ard.

him

fliould leave

marched

and Sultan Haflein

peace, and pur-fuing HaflTein, attacked

manner, broke the

him upon

his

march,

killing

a great number, and taking forty omrahs prifoners, befi.des part of his

and equipage.

treafure

Shumfeabad,
to

Beloli purfiied his victory,

belonging to Sultan

diftriils

Sickite,

manage them under him.

far as

The

Haflein,

Marhera,

Arumbidger, the

Sittali,

latter flood his

Doupamou

fuch

and took

Campul,

as

feveral

Pattiali,

and Koli, appointing agents

But when he had purfued Haflein

vidtory being dubious, a peace

as

ground, and engaged Beloli.

was patched up between them,

being fettled as the boundary between the

,the village

of

empires.

After this pacification. Sultan Hafl'ein proceeded to

beri,

and Sultan Beloli returned

Ra-

to Delhi.

Sultan Haflein could not, however, forget the perfidy of Beloli.

He

recruited his army,

and met him

fued, in

treated

and fome time

the village of Sinhar,

which Sultan Haflein was

and baggage;
^reatly

at

which,

promoted the
to Raberi,

after

when

marched

againft

defeated, and

lofl: all

his treafure-

an addition of reputation,

of Beloli.

Sultan Hafl"ein having re-

he was followed thither by

Beloli,

and upon

ftanding a fecond engagement, he was again totally defeated.

the battle,

him,

an cbfliinate battle en-

together with
affairs

he retreated towards Gualier

the

raja

After

of Gualier

brought him fome lacks of rupees, elephants, horfes, camels, and

a fine fet of

camp

equipage, and accompanied

Sultan Beloli went, in the

mean

him

to Calpie.

time, to Attava, where he be-

fieged Ibrahim Chan, the brother of Sultan HaflTein, and took the
place by capitulation.

'478.

in poffeffion of all the

a perfidious

in

A-

Thefe terms being accepted,

fpears,

Beloli,

him, that

beyond the

v/as ready to relinquifh all the countries

Ganges, upon condition he

55

'

He, however, generoufly made him

a prefent

of

Beloli's per-

THE HISTORY OF illNDOSTAN.

56
^- P-

M7^

oi t'^c

Ji"^

fo''t>

proceeded to Calpie

the banks of the river,

Muluck Chand of

J^iii

him

where they remained

Biixar,

coming over

a paliable ford in the river,

But

Hiewed

him

left

upon

to Jionpoor,

towards Kinnoge.

Sultan

near that city, but he was once more defeat-

His

ed with great llaughter.

alfo the chief lady

feme months.

by which he croflcd, and attackiiig

M'hich Sultan Bcloli turned off to the

him

upon

to Sultan BeloU*

Sultan Haflein, defeated him, and drove

Hallcin again met

for

met

h'lm

Sultan HaflTein

and equipage w^rtj taken,,

regalia

aryi

of his feraglio, Bibi Conzah, the daughter of

who was

Syltan Alia ul Dien,

treated. with great refpedt.

Sultan

Beloli returned, after this victory, .to Delhi.

7<jiII/Qn

Affi;

of

recruited

^^'^"S

hoftility

and gave

Chan

He

it

anp

He

again towards Jionpoor.

to

army, bp ^dvfinceJ die

regula,ted his

conquered that

'

J^pea^

country,"

Mubarick Chan Lohani, leaving Cuttub Cjian LocHy

Jehan, and other omrahs, at Migouli, to fee u re his conquers.

himfelf .went to BudaooQj where he foon after

Chan's

deat|i.

Chan Jehan, Mubarick

Clian,

though they kept up the appearance of

4eath of Cuttub, concerting meafures

to

of X^uttub

lie^^il

anii*

fidcfity,

otne/^om

vverei ' after^ tfie

throw off the

fultan's

yoke.

^Beloli beln^ apprized of their Intentions,* tnai-ehed tovv^ards ^i^fi^pCfic,.\Dd drove "away Haiietn, Vvho
it,

and placed Barbee'Shaw, one of

liis

his

own

fdri^,

to re't^over

upon 4he throne

jHe himfelf returned to Calpie, which he took, and

of Jionpoor.

gave to

had made an attempt

giandfon,

Azim Hamaioon Ben

He

Baizied.

then his rnarch to Dolepore, raifing a tribute upon the

began to rank himfelf among

place,

who

fultan

went from thence

Beloli's

diredteil

raja 'of that

fubjed:?.

The

to a place in the diftrids of Rintimprore,

Avhich he plundered, and foon after returned to Delhi.

old

and

m-

feelol

hiJ"domV.n^^incre'afe
ons among:
^
'

his Tons.

1
'

Being

h'^crw'^kff eiiieiy oTd, "&'nB in!irir?rffe^' be^ihhing "diWf- f6-

upon him, he divided

'

his dominions

among

his fons, giving

'

Jionpoor

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Jionpoor to Barbeck

Chan

Byrage, to

Shaw ; Kurrah and Manikpore, to Mubarick

his nephew Shech Mahummud, famous by the

name of Kalla Par, or the Black Mountain ; Lucknore and

to Azim Humaioon, whofe father, Baezid, was aflaflinated
before by his

own

old omrahs, and

tween the two

57

fervant
relation

rivers,

Budaoon

the name of Sultan Secunder,

Calpee,
a Httle

feveral countries be-

Nizam Chan, known

whom

H^*-

Chan Jehan, one of his

to

and Delhi, with

to his fon

^^j^-

he appointed

afterwards by

his fucceflbr in

the imperial dignity.

Some time

after this divlfion the fultan

proceeded to Gualier, and

raifing a tribute

of eighty lacks of rupees from the

came

from whence he expelled Sickit Sing, and then turned

Jiis

to Attava,

ipe<ft to

defirous that

he fhould

alter his

former

of that place,

many of

will,

the He falls

fick.

with re-

the fucceflion, which, they faid, was the undoubted right of

Azim Humaioon,
fon,

Falling fick upon his march,

face towards Delhi.

omrahs were

raja

his grandfon.

The

upon

fultana,

Nizam Chan, who, having heard of his father's

this,

wrote to her

was

illnefs,

fetting

out from Delhi, by no means to come, otherwife he plight be imprifoned by the omrahs

At the fame time the

fome omrahs, ordered public

camp, that he might
greatly perplexed

was

to

difcafe

him

to adt

advifed by Cuttuluk

who was
and

how

fee

letters to

fultan,

him to
Nizam Chan waft

be fent him, to haften

before his death.

upon

by the advice of

this nice occafion.

Chan, the

vizier

He,

at length,

of Sultan Haffein Shirki,

then prifoner at Delhi, to pitch his tents without the

advance by very flow marches.

overcame him, and he died

at

In the

mean

city,

time, the king's

Malauli, in the pergunnah of Dies.

Sikke, in the year eight hundred and ninety four, having reigned
jhirty eight years, eight

Eeloli was,

months, and feven days.

for thofe days,

efteemed

a virtuous

and mild prince, Hu

ex?cqting juftice to the utmoft of his knowledge, and treating his

courtiers

Vol.

rather as his companions than his

II.

fubjedts.

When

he

came

*^

'

charc-

1+^- canic
irig.

HISTORY

TIIE

5^
fo'

8-)4.

^0

emolie,
he dividiid
i

tlie

DO STAN.

treaftire 'i4Gn^

thfe

4ik

fiiends,*

'

reldom prevailed itporv t6 mount the thione, faying,-

and could

bci

That

was

it

wlthoiu his mukii^

*^

tfi

that

eii6"ugh for iwiji,

.-a

Mi^ciiet^lind ftldoi^

whom

many

io

fond

of,

v?a"s

often CaOtiou^^'tid

rciga -of Sujt^n

.

HE

'

'

Secunder

into'

a council,

The omrahs attached to the iptereft of AziiTi

eldell,

inciiiucL

'eXc'^fsj

Secunder, whofe

^^^9^*:

He

had

giy<iFr

'never chulirtc; to

iiinegbtiatioii.

Sultan, BpoLi.

in

tlie

death pf Beloli, formed'

which fome appeared

Humaioon, ibme

When

ibme

to

Barbeck, the

to

to Secunder, in

they were debating,- the

name was Rana,

be

eon-

mo-

originally a gbldfmith's

daughter, 'but r^ifed to the fultan's bed, by the fame of her beauty

came behind
the

the curtain, in the great tent, and

omrahs, in favor of her fon.

nephew of Beloli, anfwered

made

Upon which

^tp

-oh

Ifah

a fpeech to

Chan, the

her, in a difrefpedlful marfner,

and con-

was not

qualified

jclu,de4 v/ith faying, that a goldfmith's offspring

Firmiiirs

va5|#-

Bei^t

fon of the fultan then living, and

Debate about ^'eq^uence, of his, father's wilL

Bcl'oi^!^^'^'^

Ti-nAi^^h &

omrahs, immediately upon'

^hemlelves

.nK:<:s:S^,

-king,

'H^ w^asi extremely

to their ^leri't.

and delighting greatly

to chance,

^^88./^|~^

was

the oortipany 4>f ikarjibd

SECTION
A^^D.

he;

proofs of iperibnal. bravery, that none could doubt it; at

much

The

jjsnejv-

home.

tfat .at

he rewarded according

the farne time, 'he

trufb

world

)^iim p&rad'e!of' royalty."

no' great literature 'hifnibrf, 'he Wafe

nu;n,

th'e

hold the empire.

^'iri

vj /o

lii.

ii.

-'!.<-(

^t.

Chan Chanan Firmilli, a flout daring man, took him bp, and told
him. That the fultan was yet fcarce ccld in his hearle, and that the

man who threw

fuch ungenerous afperfions upon his family ought

to

THE
Mbe

HISTORYi,9F/jfi[JNDOST^^^^

Jlijeay

who was

replied,

That .filence would

only a fervant of the

and

roTe up, in a rage,

told

He

it.

him, he was, indeed, a

all

of the council, followed by

ruflied out

Sultan Secunder,

ferv'a^it

againft

and carried off the body of the.deceafed king

met by

better

Upon which

ftate.

and would maintain his right

,Secunder,

oppofe

Chan

Ifah

defpifed.

who

j^p

the other

of Sultan

who

all

durfl

his^arty^,

where he

to Jellali,

P- ^^^^

become

v/as

gg^under
tnounts

there afcended his fluher's throne.

throne.

Secunder fending the corpfe of hi^ father to Delhi, marched

againfi:
Defeats tA

Jfah Chan, and having defeated hi^n, afterwards foreave his offence.

Returning then to Delhi, he,

ferred favors

upon

Secunder had,

in

the

manner of

con-

his father,

his kindred.

all

Ibraliim Chan, Jcllal Chan,

at this time,, fix-fons,

Ifhmaiel Chan, Haffein Chan,

Mahmood

Humaioon

three omrahs of diftincStion.in his

Chan,

and likewife

fifty

Chan, and Shech Azini

fervice.

Some time
-

11'

and beheged

f>eri,

jChundwar,
to

after nis

his

accenion,

own

fome days-

for

Chanan, went,

^im

him

Pattiali, enga^red

after wJiich Ifah

and

jvas,, pardoned,

/^i

hK

-^gainil

/-

the fort of brother

place,

and

-lied

Sultan Secunder gave ilaberi to

in perfon, to Attava,

his brother, to court, gave

advanced to

All

Allum Chan,

Allum evacuated the

Ifah Cha,n Lodi, at Pattiali.

^tphan

Secunder marched towards Ra- Marchc*

11
brother,

poffeffion

and calling Allum Chan^.

of that country.

Ifah Chan,

^^j;

then

wounded, and defeated

Chan threw himfelf upon

.foon after died

He

Again defeat*

Secunder's mercy,

of his wound.

Sultan Secunder, about that time, fent a trufty perfon to Barbeck

-Shaw^-his brother, king of Jioapoor,defiring
,

-and order his

^^^inions.

name

to

be read

firft

hewoulddo him homage,

in the chutba

Barbeck rejecled thefe propofds,

a^aioH him.

Barbeck Shaw and talla

'

-^''i

inO^ii-^'jUi

ll*ar

?ijr:m-)rcu

12

and'

over his do-

Secunder inarched

"cariie

;>;.

all

^'^^i^''''*'

out in oriier of bother

.'lu

ih

.;r..

b?.tirle

beck.

.:

Bar-

^^^P

ing too far

Hi* folky.

An

meet him.

battle to
J^^^-

among

which Calla

aaiori enfiied, in

Par, charg-

the troops of Delhi, was taken prifoner.

Sultaa
Secundcr, upon feeing him, alighted from his horfe, and embraced

him, faying, that he eftecmed him

would look upon him

his

life,

at

againft

honor dpne him,

fold his

honor

Barbeck Shaw

make

to

that he

to get a horfe,

He

wholly unworthy of his favor.

he perfidioufly

this

he had nothing

kindnefs, defiring

and begged he

as his foiu

Calla Par, confounded

except

as his father,,

for a

replied, that,<

recompence

for fuch*

might Ihow himfelf not

was accordingly mounted, and

compliment, turning his J^vord

which circumftance,

tributcd 0 the fuccefs of Secunder.

The

fome meafure, con-

in

troops of Barbeck

feeing.

defe-'ted

Caila Par charging them, imagined that

all

his

gone over to the enemy, and betook themfelves

Shaw

did

ferted,

he

all

that bravery could

to

fled

Sultan Secunder purfuing

and taken;

Budaoon, who, foon driven

vfed with
kindnefs an d

ed with great kindnefs and

Jionpoor

j^jj^

were

to flight;

h-^yo-rn or^r'l -irlT

him

clofe, inverted

but

as

Barbeck

The

fon-,

de*

was

.b33il3d ^(hjeib-?rp

Barbeck Shaw

to diftrcfs, capitulated,
refped:.

alfo

but landing himfelf

Budaoon, whil^ Mubarlck. Chan, his

taken prifoner.

^j^]^

perform,

forces

in

and was receiv-

fultan carried

Barbeck

Sultan Haflein Shirki was

ftill

powerful prince in Behar, he thought Barbeck would be the properfon to check him, and accordingly confirmed

in the

government of Jionpoor; leaving, however, fomc

at his court,,

upon

keep them firm

Secunder

'

'

Cafpie?

him

perefl:

whom

in his

own

an<;J

gave

to Kurrah,

confirmed

it

to

intereft.

Azim Humai*

Mahmood Chan Lodi. He marched from

and the governor, Talar Chan, paying

him

trufty friends

he beflowed jagiers and pergunnahs, to

Sccundcr returning to Calpie, took th place from

oon,

as before

in his office,

thence

him homage, hd

and turning towards the

fort

of Gualier,

h^Yefh't

Chnra MaliuMmlid With an Roriofary

difpatched his

^'

nephew with

accompany the king

met the emperor, upon

Sultan Sherrif

The

prefents to

king ordered

him

to give

and Sckite.

Omar Chan Serwani with him to put him

fort, but when he had got within the walls, he
Omar Chan, and prepared to defend himfelf

The

fultan defpairirtg

nofiefiion of the S"!tan She--

in

(hut the gates'

This

infult

leaving part

The

Sultan Sherrif,

in the

fiege proved long

returned

which he im-

and bloody

however,*

when

that

government was given

looKbuK

Firmilli.

dliw

The

fort

of Agra

He

end, was obliged to capitulate, in the year Reduces

eight hundred and ninety feven,

Chan Chanan

Sccunder

the event

let

of his army to beficge Agra,

himfelf, with the utmoft expedition, towards Biana,

mediately befieged.

sive up

en-

would, to reduce Sultan Sherrif to his obedience.

accordingly,

rif irfu'es lo

held that fort for Sultan Sherrif, fhut Agra.'^*^

raged the fultan to that degree, that he determined,

to

upon

^aa.'uii ,?i'.abiui Bi-na.

the gates agalnft him, contrary to his expedtation.

it

Sherrif

of reducing the place, werit'to Agrzf, where

Hybut Chan Serwani, who

be what

at Biana.

up Biana, and he would appoint him

took

''^Qo-

to Biana.

friendly terrns,

Chandwar, Marrara,

governor of Tellafar,

Raja Maan, vvHo A- 1*'-

'drefs to

falling,

^^^f^

Ij3 Btis Elanbni-vi-

about the fame time^ into the fultan's

and Agra,

hands, he returned to Delhi, where, in a few days, he received

among

advices of an infurredion at Jionpoor,

the zemindars, to the An

ii.farrcc^''^'^

number of one hundred thoufand

already flain Sheri
jick

horfe and foot

and that they had

Chan, the brother of Mubarick Chaa.

Chan himfelf being

driven from Kurrab, was taken prifoner by

Rai Bhedc, of Battea, and Barbeck Shaw obliged

to

follicit

two days
Jionpoor.

the afTiftance of Calla Par

refpite at Delhi,

When

Muba-"

at

go

to Barage,

fo that the fultan, after

was under the

he arrived

to

twenty

neceffity of marching towards

Dilmow, he was joined by

Barb'ecic

Shaw,5 and Rai Bhede hearing of the fultan's approach, releafed

'

Mubarick,

poor.^'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANT.

^2
A. P- jUqi.

MutOTiek't?liVAV'n^d the zemindars dlfperfed themfdvei?:'

Th-infir-

tan Carried Barbeck

Shaw

he fpent

Epon Scctii* punlth the offenders,

and having

to Jionpoor,

month

in

^*4lid'^ful-

him

left

thcfe to

hunting about Oiid.

npproaclu
(Jer's

At Oud
They

rne a

lecoad time.

i-'ilcii

was brought

intelligence

to Secnndcr,

.0

and bcfiered Barbeck Shaw,

ajjain,

"
dered immediately that Calla Par and
_

that the zemindafs

He

in Tionpoor.
j

Azim Humaioon

or-

Serwani^

and Chan Chanan Lowani, hy the way of Oad, and Mubarick Chan,
JlarifckShaw

by the way of Kurrah, fhould march

^riipuioiicd.
j-jg^j^

Shaw

againfl:

them^ and fend Bar-

His orders were accordingly

prifoner to the prefence.

executed, and Barbeck was given in charge

to

Hybut Chan and

Omar Chan Serwani, being efteemed an improper perfon

government, and too dangerous

The

fultan,

which was held

garrifon
fultan,

made

thefe

after

tranfa^tions,

Rai Bhecle

tea.

upon

Riii

Bhcde came out of

Areil, ordering

it,

Rai Bhede to accompany him

The

alone.

fultan fent

river,

.married the

From Dilmow

but Rai Bhede fuf-

him back

and deserted

his effe<fb.

to

He, howand

croff*

Dilmow, where he

Sheri Chan.

the fultan

.riained fix months,

im-

and returned to

left all his retinue,

by the way of Kurrah, went

widow of

but the

as almort:

ever, permitted his troops to plunder the country of Areil,

ing the

and paid him homage, upon

in his dominions,

pecling feme defign againft himfelf,

camp

it

fort

the

marching his army towards Bat-

Battea,

him

Cliihar,

his approach,

upon reconnoitring the place, looked upon

whicli the king confirmed

the

and were driven back into the

flilly,

liberty.

marched towards

for Sultan Haffein Shirki

pregnable, and itmnediately left

.Submits.

be truflcd with his

to

for the

marched

and then went

to

Shumfeabad, where he re-

to Simbol; but returning

from

whence, in a fp.w days, to Shumfeabad, he plundered the town of

IV'iudeo-makil,

Xh& rainy feafon

where
at

a "band of banditti refidcd.

Secunder /pent

Shumreaba(^.
^9-

In the year
nine hundred,
}

tlie fultan

who

fied to

Battea

after

growing
having,
tigue,

this

but,

upon the

fultaiVs

i5>

his

approach, Kai

agairid

The

march.

proceeded to Sczdev/ar; but provifions

viftory,

fcarce in his

Hig. 900.

the fon of Rai Bhede, at Car- Sccunder

Sin[>h,

Bhede took the route of Sirkutch, and died upon

iiiltan,

to- ^^P- '494-

ward5 Battea, defeating Bir

rangatti,

made another campaign

<^

camp,

this expedition,

:h? \ya^ obliged to return

.

lof!:

a;

bad roads, and the want of

to Jionpoor^

great part of his cavalry by faIbi^age.

/ LickimChund, the fon of Rai Bhede, and other zemindars, r*roCe

-to Sultan H-afisin,- of Beidir,. that jthe- cavalry of Secunder v/as now in a
.wretched corfditioii^.^and that
to take,

wayij^j excellent opportunity for

him

This induced Sultan

former defeats.

his

fatisfa.dtioi>;^fcu:

it.

Haffein to put his army in motion, and march diredlly againft Sul- HaOVin
Secunder hearing of hiis intentions, put his army ^'P""tan Secunder,

upon the
.]i;.'hich

bi?i^

he

fought, in

did,

footing poflible, and crofied the

eighteen crores from Benaris

which Sultan Haffein was

Sultan Secunder leaving his

Ganges

An

to

meet him,

obftinate battle

was

defeated, and fled to Battea.

camp with

ts

But is over
threw a-

proper guard, purfued

the fugitives for three days, with a party of horfe

but hearing Sui-

^apHalfein was gone to^Behar, he flopped, and upon the ninth day
Teturned to his camp.

He

wards Behar, but upon

jCundu to guard the
;iions,of

Lucknouti

his approach.

city,

*.

then marched with his whole army to-

and

fled

Sultan HafTein

him with

the greatefl refpect dur-

ing the remainder of his days, which he paffed with

him

fo that

Haficin the royal line of Jionpoor was extinguifhed.

Sultan Secunder, from his

his

J^-'!?'^'^
les to

himfelf to Calgaw, in the donii-

Sultan Alia ul Dien, king of Bengal, called

HafTein to his court, and treated

'>yith

Malleck

left

army

againfl:

camp

Malleck Cundu,

at

who

Deopar, fent a diviilon

evacuated the city and

of

fled, Eeiureva^
cuated and
ukei>.

* Bengal,

leavin<r

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANT.

64
Vlig

9^0^

SrcomitT
m.irches to
fccngal.

^caving the whole country open to the enemy.

habut Chan with a tbrce

,

/-

it-

which fubmittcd

the raja of

hniilelf to his clemency,

large fum, agreed to pay an annual tribute.

tribute,

the fultan

poor, and from thence

and laying

To

Mubarick Chan, and returned

went

Mo-

i/-

down

left

left

and marched towards Turhat,

in Bchar,

The fultan

colled the

to Dervefli-

tomb of Shech

to vilit the

Behar, and diftributed prefents to the dirveflies

who

Sherrif at

lived there

upon the charity of pilgrims.

Secunder having regulat^(f

but

when he had reached

liifs

"Irmy, marched towards ^fc^ngal,

Danial his fon to oppofe him.

Zichme, one of

other,

it

became

as

left

monarch

fliould

dominions

now

know upon what

that country.

accepted of a peace, wherein

swd^AUa" S^'^'^^X

him, that he had no inten-

their

necefTary to

efteem Alia, before he

iluS"be"

Sultan Secunder detached Zerc

his generals, to acquaint

tion to fubdue the country, but

upon each

Dien fent

Cuttliflipoor, Sultan Alia ul

it

was

The

bordered

footing

he

king of Bengal

ftipulated, that neither

permit any of their governors to invade each other**

dominions, and that neither of them fliould give protection to th

other's enemies.

The

fultan returned to

Mubarick Chan

Dirvefhpoor.

time dying, the care of Turhat was given to

the fbn of

A dearth in
Hiudoftan.

at that

Azim Humaioon,

Chan Jehan, and Behar was beftowed upon Deria Chan,

the fon of Mubarick.

There happened,

in the country, but

duties being taken off by the fultan's order,

that calamity

mean

was

all

in

a great

h,e

meafure mitigated.

time, reducing the diftridts of Sarin,

hands of fome zemindars,

his

at this time, a great

omrahs

dearth

Secunder, in the

which were then

in the

gave the lands in jagiers to fome of

then returning by the

way of Movilligur

to Jionpoor,

refided there fix months.

Tht

/TAt^OCIMlH HO YilOTc
THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANT.
The
tea,

fultan havine afked the daughter of Sal Bahin,

marriage, the father

ia

Secunder,

revenge

to

this

comply with

refufed to

65

Raji of Batrequeft.

his

put his army in motion

affront,

againfl:

th^ Raja, in the year nine hundred and four, and marching to BatteaK^.facked

he returned

haymg

After

it.

ravaged the country round Bandugur,

where he fpent fome time, -in the

to Jionpoor,

'49-

-'^P-

Battea taken
cd,

civil

regulations of the empire.

,^

About

this time,

the. accounts f

M.uhawck

CjhAn;

Lp^i

m Jionpoor,

idfpefted for the time of his adminiflfation

and

beifig ^^ubarkk

a great accounts

balljnce being found due to the royal revenue, the king ordered
to be levied upon him.

This

feverity greatly difcufted the

among whom Mubanck Chan, was

firft

difcovered

it^^^"^^'^'

omrahs,

"i'^e otr.rahs

A fadlioa^

very rnuch efteemed.

accordingly arofe in the army, which

in-

itfeif

by private

For, one. .day, as the fultan and his court were playing a

qparrels.

party at.pliib 3ad ball, on horfeback, the club of

.

f^ybutChan

came

fo that, in a

Cha,n, by
****

/cu^ of one Soliman.,- Chizei>,^

accident, or d^fign, 'fradured the

theV brotncr .of Soliman,

Hybut

up,

and returned the complimentr

few minutes, the

parties

on either

tP'Q^^iTels in
'^"^

fide,

joined in the quarrel, and the whole field vvas hi one uproar and
fpnfqfioa.

^^^^

jfoh-r!:-!^*

-.I

ai^.iU^^dT

T'-1o

[jTT rrif-A

The fultan,

B'tTirl-?'!

araiJ

fearing a confpiracy, fjed to the palace, but nothing The

made another

cf4h.it Ifind tranfpiring, he

party at the fame game,

fultan

[^[fj-^f^*^^

fome days thereafter, and a quarrel of the fame nature en fued, for
\v]^i<;h

Shunife Chan,

Bu^^l^the fultan.

who begun

would not be

agitation,

to

keep upon the watch.

king's jealoulies

Cl^an, and
ibrother,

Vol.

two other

chiefs,

plot'^ir

his guards iftf-fef fele>5led,

had propofed
who,

b.aflinadoed,': j

but that' ther^ was fomc

were not groundlefs

to cut oft the fultan^

II;

was difgraced, and

iatisfied

and therefore ordered

iit

The

it,

for at that time, Hybu-t

to Fatti

tb.ey faid^

and

Chan, the king's

was now

diiliked

by
the

plot dic-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

66

A.T>. 1^09- the pencrnlity

^
riig. 9 -5.

Fatti
to

Chan

of th^ omrahs, and to place Fatli upon the throne,

^

dcfiring

ibme time

an action

difclofed the fecret

his

own mother, who

and,

left

the affair fliould, by any other means,

Hie defired

tranfpire,

....

it,

to

Shech Cahuh, and

fo horrid

to confider of

him

to acquaint the

advifed

him

againfl

fukan of their propofal.

This he did accordingly, and the confpirators were detached upon

different fervices,

where they were put

to

deatli

by the fukan's

orders.

The

fultnn

Secunder, in the year

nine hundred and
'

retires for

four years to

whcrc he

five,

marched

Simbol,

to

fpcnt four years in pleafure, and in tranfadting civil affairs.

But hearing of fome bad adminiftration of Afghir, the governor of

Delhi, he fent an order to Chawafs Chan, governor of Matchiwarri,
to

march

The

Delhi, and fend Afghir prifoner to court.

to

vernor receiving advice of this order,

at the fultan's

left

go-

Delhi, and threv/ himfelf

but not being able to form any excufe for his

feet,

bad praclices, he was ordered into confinement.

rema-ka-

At

this

time there happened

of^rdidous

^0^^^

'^^^^

^^'^ perfccution.

perfecucion.

upon being abufed by a Mahommedan,

to

make

The

a very moderate,

reply

was

this

remarkable

obje6t of

and Hindoo religions to be equally good."

for

moned

Brahmin immediately before the

making fome

called together

The

what he thought the impiety of

nolfe,
all

to be

the

Mahomedan

bigotted

Ma-

this anfwer,

fum-

cafy.

The

affair

by the various opinions of the public, the king

the

to decide the caufe.

a fatal reply.

and, therefore, believed the

hommedan,
the

him

but what proved to

**

worfliip,

happened

for his idolatry,

*'

all

reli-

Brahmin, whofe name was Bhodin,

" That he efteemed the fame God

of

inftance

Mahommedan
After

in their verdict, that the

Brahmin

medan, or be put

to death.

might have been

to

all

many

doctors of

fame

in the

empire,

long difputes, the doctors brought

fliould

be forced to turn

The Brahmin, however

Mahom-

charitable

he

opinions upon religion, refufed to apoflatize.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

to his
and accordingly
died a martyr
>
<

diflionor

When

Lahore,

fultan

and

to proceed

his inquifitors.

immediately

At the fame

who was

menced fome

man

time,

lie

found an order from the

to court,

with which he inftantly

Chan

Seid

of a very factious

treafonable proieds, for

came from
difpofition, and comSirvv'ani

which he,

Tat'tar

Chan, and

^.^"^^

tious

Mahummud

Shaw, were

baniflied to Guzerat.

Nehal

to the

king with rich prefenCs

baflador talked in too high a drain, the

depart, and declared

war

from the execution of

Chan Chanan

in that province,

Sing, of

emhim to

but as this

But he was prevented

governor of Biana, and, by thofe difturbances

which fucceeded

Seconder's

fome time, by the death of agaui"ft

his purpofe, for

Firmilli,

Man

emperor ordered

againft his mafter.

omrans

baniftedr

In the nine hundred and feventh of the Higera, Rai

.Gualier, fent

9C7.

tiig.

Chawafs Chan entered Delhi,

complied.

fmall A- p, 1501.

which refleds no

faith,

'

upon the

emperor

67

The government

his death.

Gaa-

uiiiurbanccs

of

Biana having devolved upon Ameid Soliman, the fon of Chan Chanan,

who was

yet too

young and unexperienced

gave that appointment to Chawafs Chan.

force to reduce Agra,

had then revolted

which belonged

the

who had begun

fultan,

to

who had

marched himfelf againft

naecdeo

left

fome

Chan was

to the province

which was

make

Chaja Bein, a warrior of great fame,

irritated

Sifdir

fent

friends in

tarried there about

raja

Raja

in the po{reffion of

warlike preparations.
fell by*

the fword,

a great efteem for

Upon

that place.

fultan to take pofTeffion of

The

with a

of Biana, and

his

Here

which

him,

that

fb

he

approach Rai Be-

the fort, and fled towards Gualier,

but the garrifon, the next night, evacuated the place, arid

He

king

another detachment being fent, at the fame time,

to reduce the fort of Dolipoor,

Benaecdeo,

for fuch a charge, the

left

the

it.

month, and then marched

of which place, changing his haughty

ftile,

to Gualier. Secunder

now humbly
fued

CuTlkr.

THE inSTORY. COFi HfNDQSTANu

A. D.

c<>*lii^. 910.

him Seid Ghanj Baboo Chan, Rai Gin'Ifhi

had, at difterent times, ficd from the fultan, and^

fued for pe^lc^fy fcndiu?

and

others,

who

taken protedion under him.

^n, Bigkermegit^ with

At

the lame time, he fcnt his owiv

wko had

prcfcnts,

peacevhah zolqniol odi Jnov/i

arij

Beiiaecdco

i;

doning the
in

city

which he

again'

then marching, to Agra, he,

MaUf? Agra niade that city imperial,

the royal relidence.

oj Jnq

^tr^The Mtan;.r.e,t[orrtdf:l?o Dollpoor,

Ra[i

the addrefs to procarc

by

of Delhi.

fixing* his

refidenee

bcflowed upon

for the

time,-

firft

and abaa*^

there,

Here he remained during the

rains, and,

the year nine hundred and ten, marched towards Munderael,

which he took, and deftroyed the Hindoo temples, ordering mofques

Secunder returning

to be built in their ftead.

the raja from his office,

'-^T'^palfed

from thence

In the following

A^'^ar^h'

it

to Shech'

to Agra-, giving his

their refpedlive eftates.

A.t>4 1505.

and gave

'

to Dolipoor, renioved"

Kimir

ul

He

Dien.

omrahs leave to return ta

itiiih

year,- uport

Sunday the third of

Siffer,

there was*

^ violent earthquake in Agra, fo that the mountains fhook on their"

broad bafes, and every lofty building was levelled with the ground,-

Ag^ra^

fome thoufands being buried

year,

moved towards

army of
rajas,

horfe,

from

habitations.

left his

he took great

Jufl as the fultan

in the

fame

way fome time

family, and, with an unincumbered'

proceeded to the

whom

fultan,

Gualier, and flopped by the

where he

at Dolipoor,

The

in the ruins.

hills,

fpoils,

was

to plunder

fome Hindoo

and ravaged their peaceful'

paffing

by the town of Javer, in

the dominions of the raja of Gualier, he was attacked by a refolute

who had laid in ambufh for him; but, by

Awid Chan and Ahmed Chan, the fons of Chan

body of men,

the braveiy

of

Jehan,

Hindoos were defeated, and a great number of rajaputs put

fwi>r4-*^ 3f!j bni; t?norlivoiq lo inBW igi 3}ljiqjn 01 h

th"e

to the

The

HISTORY OF HfWCSlJSTAN.

PIIE'

The Tultaii
{vveh-e,

rettjrned to Aj^ra; and, in the year nine

he went to\vards the

fort

of Awintgur

61

hundred -iiiiH ^J^-

and, as he had def- Secundcr

paired of reducing Gualier, he bent his whole ftrength to the

duclion of this place.

It

was

all

arid

mofqucs ordered

u--

re-^ gur, which

accordingiy, in a fliort time, taken,

the rajaput garrifoii put to the fvvord,

and

'-s.^.'^'

the temples deilroyed^

to be built in their places.

This governmeiit

was conferred upon Bickinj the fon of Mujahid Ghan, when fome

Chan had

envious pcribns gave the king information that Mujahid

taken a bribe from the raja of Awintgur,

him,

againft

in order to divert the

when

king from that refoluticn.

Mujahid Chan was imprifoned

being proved,

The

fultan,

in

one day, for v/ant.of water-

"

pofTeflion of the

eight

loft

n'itlrr/d

eyeing from his march the ruins of Agra;

towards Narvar,

This

Dolipocr; after

at

which the king, returning towards Agra, on the way

hundred men*

3d ot

moved

a ftrong fort, in the diflrict

of Malava, then in the

He

Chan, governor

Hindoos.

ordered

Jellal

Calpie, to advance before him, and iavefl the place,

Chan drew up

army, out of refpeft, that the king might review

them
for,

as

he

his

palTed.

arrived

before Narvar, Jellal

This circumftance proved very hurtful

from that time, the king became jealous of

his

determined to ruin liim.

The

which was

cumference, and began to carry on the

protraded- eight months,
a; treafonable

when

fiege.

garrifon,

for

to capitulate, for

mained, for the fpace of

fix

eig-ht crores in cir-

The

fiege

was now

the fultan received intelligence, that

his;

which Jelkl Chan and Sheri Chan

\vre imprifoned in the fort of Awintgur.

was obliged

diitt^

power, and

corrcfpondence was carried on between fome of

omrahs and the

Nar-

to Jellal,

^ivccj^.ioU

fultan furrounded the. place,

"l^hift

which was ac-

When

fultan

Secunder

of^^'''

cordingly done.

the

they \t^GrJe^marching

want of
months,

The

garrifon, foon' after,

provifions,
at

Narvar,

and the king rebreaking

down

temples,

which h&
*^''^^*

\i''

THE

tc!;i>ples,.

HISTORXj^^^PF .jJ^IjNDOSTAN.

and budding mofcpes. ..lie

.there alfo

eriabllflicd

a kind

of monallery, which he ful9d with divines and learned men.

Shab

ul Dien,^ the fon

of Nafir ul Di?n, king of Malava, beings

time difcontented with

at this

.his father,

piopofed to meet Secun-

The fuhan immediately feat him a drcfs, and proiliifcd to fuphim in the government of Chiadci'i, againll tl:ie power of his

dcr.

port

But circumftances

father.

fo fell out, that it

became unnecelTary

to

take that unnatural .ftep^

"r''
run I

The

month of Shuban, nine hundred and

marched from Narvar ; but after he had advanced to the
began

fukan, in the

would be proper

to confider that it

He

another wall.

to

therefore ordered that

furround jthat

work

Calpie, in jagicr,

Cuttub Chan Lodi,

fent a
all

overawe them.

At

that place

Jellal

of.

He

Chan.

towards the capital, and arriving at Hitgatj^,

detachment againft fome rebels

their habitations,

fortre,is wjith

upon Niamut Chatoon, the wife

and daughter of die prince

then direded his march

he

river^

to be immediately

begun, and then he himfelf took the rout of Lobar.

he beftowed

fourteen,

in that country,

and deftroyed

placing fmall garrifons at proper diftances to

About

this

time he received advices, that

Ahmed

Chan, the fon of Mubarick Chan Lodi, governor of Lucknore, had

turned idolater; upon which orders were difpatched
foner

.to

court,

to fend

and that his fecond brother, Sud Chan,

the adminillration of

him

pri-

fliould take

afFairs in his ftead.

In the year wine hundred and fifteen, the king marched to Dolipoor, and ordered caravanferas to be built at every ftage.

iuud Chan Nagoni having defeated Ali Chan and

had confpired

againll;

him, they

fled

Abu

Mahum-

Bicker,

who

to the fultan for protedion.

Mabummud

Chan, fearing they would bring the

fent pre fen ts

by way of prevention,, and ordered the chutba to he

fultan againft

him,

read

THE KISTOTxY OF HINDOSTAN.

read in Seconder's name.

The

^509

pleafed with his fiabmlflion,

fultan,

fcnt hiin a d'refj of confirmation,

j\

and returned

to

Agra.

hefuiiaa

'i

jctarns toWiiiili

He

and

feme nionths there

fpent

in building,

making

fpaclous ?arc|en?, Secr.ndcri

then returned to Dolipoor, ordering Vx\A\ Soliman,

in hunting,

the Ton of Chan Chanan, to luccour HufTen Chan.

imprudently told the king, that be could

pre vait'

riot

This exprefTion threw the

leave the pre!ence.

and he forthwith ordered him from his

rage,

next morning at day-light, or that otherwife

all

Agra,

at

DJu^our.

Soliman very

tipori

himlelf. to

ililtan

into a

fervic;:

and camp by

his e:il\_is

v.iolcuit

Qiouldbe

given to the foidiers as public plunder.

Much

about

this time,

Bogit Chan, governor of Chinderi,

who

held that place of the king of Malava, feeing the weaknefs of his

own

prince, turned

fent

Amad

Muluck

ul

to fupport Bogit

miilion of Boo-it Chan, and his

He

fettled

more

troops and

government

fUrained to refign his office,

pire,

this,

till

confequent

omrans

foon

we

find

no

and come

tranfi(ftions

lilt-

who

Bogit

entijl-c|y

Chan found matters

manner, that he was con-

in fucli

to that coun-,

ri?,ht

to Cninderi,

an appendage of the empire,

carried on in his

After

own

"V

lent

Hy

his rebellion.

as

it

in

Agra, and lilued a proclamation bearing the fubj

afier returned to

try.

That monarch

Secunder.

his face to Sultan

to court.

worthy of memory jn thq em-

the year nine hundred and tu'enty two.

Ali

Chan Nagori,

fuba of Suifuper, in that year prevailed upon Dowlat Chan, irpverfior

oF Rintimpore, which he then held of Malava, to deliver

fo: t

to Sultan Secunder, if that

take poffeiTi-on of
propofal,

and

The

fultan,

to

wno had

which

meet him, and was

been difappointed

in

in

perfon to

great joy, clofed wiih the

v.'ith

cut towards Biana, to

ftt

Rmtunpore came
All Chan,

it.

monarch fhould come

tiie

place the g-overnor of-

2;racioufly received.

But

rv

fome favors which he ex-

in

pedted for bringing this m.atter to bear, refolved

ftill

to Drevent the

accom-

-i'is

<'cnvns

"iS'"or^!""

THE HISTORY OF HIN'DOSTAN.

72
'!!^"

accompli flimcnt of

He

it.

'\f?"

nor, that he

made him

had

much

Co

influence

retract his promife

though he had put himfelf

in the fultan's

upon the govcr'

about giving up the

The

power.

foj

t,

fultan hav-

ing found out the caufc of this change, difgraced Ali Chan, and

deprived

A^rr""^

him of

his

government, but was obhged to return to Agrj

without fucceeding in hisdcfign upon Rintimpore, letting the governor

at liberty,

To Agra

notwithflanding he had

the fultan

fummoned

all

with an intention to reduce Gualicr.

his preparations, in the year nine
Dies.

ill

fo egregioufly

the diftant omrahs together,

But he was,

The

and

ability,

txigii

twenty eight years and

of Sultan Icrajiim

OTJLTAN
fucccedcd

thc^tinor.'e

montks.

five

'^''^'^^^^

X.

Ben Sultan Secunder,

Sccundcr dying at Agra, his fon Ibralii-m immediately

him

in the

manners and policy of

Proud and
^riGgine.

of

hundred and twenty three, taken

SECTION

in the midft

of a quinfcy, of which he died, having reigned, with great repu-

tation

SuUan Ibra-

deceived him.

his father

infupportable pride

the

to

and grandfather, behaved himfdf

and arrogance

Qjj^ faolilh exprfilfion of his

that every body

This prince, contrary

throne.

vv^as,

to

his friends

that king's

had no

fliould be the Haves of royalty.

and family.
but

relations,

The omrahs, who

prefence, were now

were always before honored with a

feat in the

cpnftraincd to (land by the throne,

with their hands croiTed before

them.

They were

fo

much

dilgufled with this infolence, that they

privately becam,e his enemies.

ccr.fpi-

cocfpiracy therefore was formed, in which

leave Ibrahim in pQiTeffion of Delhi,

It

was agreed

to

and a few dependent provinces,

and

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

and

to olace the prince Tellal

Jionpoor.

Jellal

Chan,

mounted

rahs of

who

his vifier,

divided.

^He appointed Fatte Chan

P- 'J"^-

Calpie, by the aid and advice THe empire

Chan marched from

difafteded omrahs, and

of the

upon the throne of

his brother,

7^

the' throne of Jionpoor.

brought over

all

the

om-

tliefe parts to his intereft.

Chan Jehan Lohani came

at that

time from BeH'; to congratulate

Sultan Ibrahim upon his acceffion, and, in a very high ftrain, be-

gan

blame the omrahs

to

would be attended with many

fenfible

The

confequences.

evil

of the impropriety of their condaft, determined,

Chan

could not yet be well

diveft

him of

Hybut Chan,

his

eftabliflied,

new-affumed

iyith^

royalty.

him

he fhould fpeedily come

to fupport

in agitation,

They

omrahs,

back, and ib

accordingly fent

and that

it

faying, that

was neceffary

by

his part,

flattery

They, however, not difcovering

o his
11
Shah Zadda Mahummud Firmilli, Malleck Ifmaiel

Mudgeid

the reqaeft of

ul

Dien Hadjib, and

Hybut Chan

but

jea- inveigle

!->

Jellal

Siflil

Hadjib, to enforce

'

Sultan Ibrahim, and his omrahs, finding that thefe baits would

i*'ahs,

who

Jellal,

and envoys to

all

Thefe means had the defired

parts.

of

a proclamation, declaring all the

fhould join him, traitors to the ftate

fending prefents

.fide

iffaed

Jellal,

Vol.

II.

at

om-

the fame time

the principal officers in thofe

effedt,

were brought over from his

and the omiahs, on the

interell,

lal

by degrees.

The

jei-

from jion

Sel- poor,

took no notice of their fol-

iicitations or intrigues.

not take with

it.

as Jellal

and im- The omrahs

7"*^
Chan fufpefted a plot againft himfelf, and wrote
1

wani, Cafi

Defigns t
reunite

a genteel excufe.

loufy, fent

faid,

it.

But Hybut Chan having over-a(fled

portunity, Jellal

him

to call

deceptious letters, to recal him,

there was a fcheme for

them

which, he

for dividing the empire,

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

74
A. D. 1517.
Hi^. 923.
jcilai has re-

The

of

aflairs

Icllal

Chan

deciinlne
-T
o in this manner, he faw thati

nothing but

couife 10

aims.

I'^ig^y

marching

coUeiling

to Calpic,

and was determined

to

of

title

Azim was

by his affil]:ance.

niuioon,

prevailed

He

field.

fent,

at

Azim Humaioon, who

held

my

in pay,

beg

him

and

Callinger for Sultan Ibrahim, and had a great

Azim Hq-

and,

ultan Jellal ul Dien,

.'

the

try his fortune in

the fame time, a trufty ambailador to

Is joined

accord-

lecured his family in that fort;

affumed the

his ftrength,

all

He

attempt could retrieve them.

icrokitc

upon

a:

to join

to

a refolu'-

tion

was formed,

tp fettle the countries about Jionpoor,

firft

terwards to think of

affairs,

ingly marched, with

whom

fuba of Oud,

of

ftill

greater

moment.

af-

Thv"y accord-

Mubarick Chan

expedition, againfl

all

and

Lodi,.

they drove to Lucknore,

Sultan Ibrahim hearing of thefe tranfacflions, marched his

army

to that quarter, fending his other brothers, in confinement, to Haffi,

Upon his march towards Oud,

he was informed that Azim Humaioon had deferted Jellal ul Dien,
and was now upon his way to meet him, which gave him great joy.
He fent fome omrahs to efcort him to his camp, where he was very
where he penfioned them

who

deferts

favorably received.

joined Ibrahim

for

life.

number of other omrahs, of

and he difpatched the

grejlteft part

thofe parts,

of his army,

command of Azim Humaioon Lodi, againfl: Jellal

But before Azim could come up with Jellal, he threw a

under the

ul

garrifbn

into Calpie, and, with thirty thoufand horfe, gave him^ the

marched
,,chesio

diredlly towards

of,

Dien had

it

now

in his

or to plunder, the treafury.

Deceived by ly infatuated.
Adara^''

flip,

and

laid liege

Calpie.

^jellal ul

Agra; while Azim Humaioon

Dien.

Malleck Adam,

garrifon, not only prevailed,

but amufed
all hi3

either to take pofTefiion

But he feems

to

who was

the city with a fmall

upon him

him with hopes of

enfigns of royalty.

power

in

have been perfed:-

to relinquifti

his brot^her's Avor,

Adam went

fo far as to

that advantage,
till

he fent him

promife to Jellal
the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

75

the government of Calple, and other advantages, without having

^5^^-

any powers of treating from the king.

Adam

Malleck

whole

fent the

to

Ibrahim, and acquainted

But the fultan having now taken Calpie, and the

every particular.

he took no notice of

treaty being concluded without his authority,

but marched againfl

it,

army

was obliged
r

who, now deferted by

ul Dien,

Jellal

for his pufillanimity,

to fly to Gualier,

the proteftion of the raja of that place.

where

he remained to regulate the

which,

lince the death

Karim Daad Twa was

Mungu to ChunderL
About

ceived a difguft at

upon

folicit and

and

flies

Gualier.

came

to Agra, Ibrahim

re-

of the government,

affairs

of Secunder, had fallen into great confulion.

and Shah Zadda

fent to take charge of Delhi,

Miah Boah, who was

formerly

in chains, conferring at the

his fon.

derine

II'
Ibrahim

his

time, the king, without any apparent reafon, con-

this

and put him

him of

He

vifier to

Secunder,

fame time great honours

then formed a refolution of reducing Gualier, or-

Azim Humaioon

thirty thoufand horfe,

to

march from Kurrah

aeainft

and three hundred elephants.

it.

with

Sends an ar^R^'"'^

Seven other

bmrahs, with armies, were fent to reinforce Azim.

Jellal

Chan,

to the

fled

who had

taken refuge in Gualier, being Intimidated,

iGualier, inverted the place,

who was

The

king of Malava.

and

in

imperial
a

army

few days Raja Maan Singh,

a prince of great valour and capacity, died,

Bickermagit fucceeded him in the

the

themfelves of an outwork at the foot of the

forr, called

which had been

Bull,

Agra

Badilgur, ftood.

from whence

it

at the gate of Bagdat.

They found

and his fon

After the fiege had

rajafliip.

heen carried on fome months, the army of Ibrahim

feflTed

arriving before Gualier

length pof-

at

hill,

upon which

in that place a

Brazen

a long time worfhiped there, and fent

was afterwards conveyed

to Dellii,

it

to

and placed

^"^^^

The

^'^S^^-

be-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANv

The

'5.'9-

A\P'

Kig. 925.

unfortunate

who had

Tellal,

of Malava, not being well received

Mahmood

there,, fled to the raja

of Kury-

katka, but was fclzeJ lipon by the way, and fcnt prifoner to Ibra-

Jellal taken,

Ibrahim pretended to fend him prifoner

him's camp.

g^vc private orders to

an.l aflaiTi-

naccd.

cordingly done.

man

duce a

cruelty.

his

fatisfied witl> the

t

Azim Humaioon

fever.d

power, which could in-

death of

Jellal

he imbrued

but

to Hafli,

the way, which was ac-

in

to flied the blood of a brother

hands in the blood of

called

charms

are thofe

him upon

allaflinate

What

Nor was Ibrahim

ibrahJm'a

He

omrahs of great dirtindion.

when

Sirwani from Gaalier,

juft

upon the

point of taking the place, imprifoned h-im and his fon Fatte Chan,

Gualier
taken.

Chan from the

turning out his other fon Iflam

But when
The

eone over to Sultan

^n^nt,

rebel-

lion of Iflam

Lhan.

and of his

^^featin^
o

/i-jji

The

own

fliltan

and brother's nfiprifon-

he erected the flandard of rebeliron,

difg'race,

o-overnment.
fent to take his o

having received advices of the redudlion of Gualier,

for a

hundred years

leifure to turn all his

power

Azim Humaioon Lodi and

place,

his father's

Ahmed Chan who was

which had been

had

had heard of

IflLim

fubafhip of Kurrali.

were permitted

to

in the

hands of the Hindoos,

lie

Kurrah.

to ftipprels the rebellion at

Seid Chan, after the redudion of the

go

joining the intereft of Iflam

to their jagiers at

Chan, they

flirred

Lucknore

where,

up more difturb-

ances.

'3.']'/;

Ibrahim placing very

troops

little

which he had near him,

dependence upon the

Alimed

is

Cent ajainft

of the

illhed orders for thofe of the diftant

He,

provinces to repair to his ftandards.

red great favours

fidelity

in the

mean

time, confer-

upon Ahmed Chan, the brother of Azim

maiooji Lodi, and giving

him

the

command

Ahmed havin^^

Hu-

of the army, fent him

arrived in the environs of

j^aainft

Iflam Chan.

ncge,

Eckbal Chan; a dependent of Azim Humaioon

Kin-

Sirv/ani,

ruflied

THE HISTORY OF

HIIJ^DOSTAN.

77
*5i9-

rufliedout from an ambafli with five thoufand horfe, and having cut
off a

number of the imperial

made good

troops,

fuhan was greatly exafperated

i,^,jThe

ing intelligence of this defeat.

He

agalnfl;

wrote to

his retreat.

Ahmed, upon receivhim not to expect his

favor, if

he did not quickly exterminate the rebels ;

time, by

way of precaution, fending another army

the fame

at

to fup|)or^
al/???*

The

forty thoufand llrong in cavalry, be-

hundred elephants, and

five

jildes

were now about

rebels

i^hmed Chan had

received

a great

body of infantry.

"\Vheri

reinforcement which' we' have

the

mentioned, and the two armies came in fight of each other, Shech

Raja Bochari, vyho was eileemed the

was

dcfirous

0,v,ertures

of brinsln^

that

for parts in

that age,

amicable accommodation.

Azim Humaioon

Shech Zadda

Mahummud

againff the rebels.

amufed

then broke

Firmilli,

to

to

be

fet

He

fent

at

liberty.

treat

J^^^^^^

orders to

Chan Lohani,

Nifir

ai"d

advance from that quarter,

infjrgents foolilLly permitted themfelves

the armies from Behar joined.

till

off,

The

fliould

thefe terms.

to

Chan Lohani, fuba of Behar,

Diria

man

being made, the rebels confented to difmlfs their army, They

Ibrahim would not hearken

to be

an

to

affairs

upon condition

1:

firfl

they were reduced either to

fly

The

treaty beino- whidi

or fight

Is

upon e^ual
,jjLiq

terms.

'j'r'rO;

They

upon the

refolved

of batde.

Urged on by

latter,

defpair

and accordingly drew up

and refentment,

in order

they did juflice to

valor,

and were upon the ponit of defeating the imperiaiiils, when

Iflam

Chan was

'

killed,

and Seid Chan difmounted^ *and-taken.

Thefe unfortunate accidents difcouraging the

llnort,

and foon

after turned their face

troops,

to flight.

they flopped The

Their dominions,

trcafare, and baggage fell at once into the hands of the king.
jai ni bavmii gmv^d faamriA
.ncdQ cnuM i\n'!Gr>B
.uii>muH mhA 'ia Jnsbnaq^h
:dO kdAr:

rebf

^"['-s^

Ibrahim"

is

o^"^^"^"'

^"^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

73

Ibrahim

now

gave

full

fcope to his hatred and refentment againft

many of them were barbaroufly put to

Azim Humaioon Sirwani, Miah Boah, and others, who

Ibrahim's
tyranny a;id

the OHirahs of Secunder, and

cruelty.

death.

were
and

in confinement,

terror took,

fiiilinations

rife

Thefe

of every heart.

poflcffion

gave

another rebellion.

to

ceived intelligence of this

fliEchs

of Chunderi,

having re-

fultan

Miah Haffen

This

only to create

frefli

the

fuba of

Firmilli,

that country, and thefe holy perfons accordingly aflaffinated

his bed.

turned

Firmilli,

defection, fent a private order to

to take off

af-

Chan Lohani,

Diria

The

heads from the yoke of obedience.

and

cruelties

Chan Jehan Lodi, and Miah HafTen

fuba of Behar,
their

were, at the fame time, affaflinated, and fear

him

in

inftance of Ibrahim's bafenefs and tyranny ferved

him more enemies.

-^tb

bammorf

T^rirH

Diria Chan, fuba of Beria, died about this time, and his fon of

the fame name, affumed

Another
beijion.

re-

the enfigns

of royalty.

the

He

omrahs, and found himfelf

title

of Sultan

Mahummud,

was joined by

at the

all

with

all

the difcontented

head of a hundred thoufand horfe,

with which he took poffeflion of all the countries

Simbol,

as far as

defeating the fultan's troops in repeated engagements.

Ghazi Chan Lodi came about

Lahore, by the

But having heard of

fultan's orders.

by the way, he was apprehenfive of danger

to

his father,

Dowlat Chan,

at

Lahore.

the

The

however, that Dowlat did,

thing,

Sultan Baber, Alia ul Dien, the

Service O: Cabul.

his whole. force,

follicited

was

to obtain

brother of Ibrahim,

now

from

in

the

Supporting him, as a cover to his meafures, with

he reduced the country as

far as Delhi.

joined by the omrahs of thofe parts, fo that his army

of .upwards of forty thoufand

.ijc:/i.;^-

who

Baber,

conqueft of Hindoilan.

Cabul, to

firft

and returned

Dowlat, feeing no fafety

then reigned in

to

his tyrannies,

to himfelf,

but in extremes, revolted from the fultan, and

come

army from

time with the

this

ho-rfe,

now

Alia

was

confifted

with which he inverted Delhi,

Ibrahim

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Ibrahim' refolved to
fix

march

him, but when he came within

Dien's army, he was furprized by that prince

crore of Alia ul

in the night.

againft

confufed and tumultuous fight was maintained ta

when Ibrahim found that he was deferted by feme of his

omrahs, who had joined Sultan Alia ul Dien. Sultan Ibrahim obday-light,

that the troops of A\\^ ul

ferving, in the morning,

perfed, in plundering his

camp,

rallied a

number of

Dien were

dif-

and

his troops,

the greateft part of his elephants, returned to the attack, and drove

him

with great flaughter.

off the field,

in triumph,

and Alia

ul

Ibrahim entered Delhi

Dien, feeing no hopes of reducing

it,

re-

treated to Punjaab.

Ma-

In the year nine hundred and thirty two, Zehir ul Dien

hummud

Baber drew his army againft Ibrahim,

related at large, overthrew

him of

his

life

of

in the field of Panniput, deprlved

to

the

Sultan Ibrahim reigned twenty years.

E C^

S
Iiiftory

be hereafter

and kingdom, and transferred the empire

family of Timur.

The

him

as will

O N

XL

>

Zehir ul Dien Mahummud Baber, be-

fore his invafion of Hiiidoflaii.

SEID
ABU
Mirza

MIRZA

Sultan

dying in Ayrack *,

Ahmed, Mirza

left

Mahmood, Mirzi Sultan

Mirza Aligh Be^, Mirza Amer Shech,

Mahummud, Mirza Sharoch,

Sultan

Mirza Aba Bekir, Mirza Sultan Murad, Mirza Sultan

Sultan Willid, and

Mirza Sultan Amer.

ifi

Four of the

oj ,'i:isq alorij 'l

the provinces of Per-Ca.

Jfirij

OncQf

eleven fons, qt

Mirza

Chilili,

fons pf

Mirza

:o arij. \(d

banioj,

arrived

the fani

^y ^f Baber.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. D.

525.

Cabul
-

MIrza Alieh

arrived to the dignity of kincrsj

Mirza

Ahmed

Sultiin

Amer Shech

to the united

Mirza Sultan

Mahmood

kingdom of Samarcand Mirza

to the

thrones of Indija and Firghana

to thofe of

Bdberl''"

one of his daughters

^Amer Shech, by

whom

a fon,

in marriage,

Tinufr!

father of Baber,

Mahummud,

Ahgh

Catlick Negar, the daughter of

The

eighty eight.

Sultan

this:

is

the fon

in the year eight

Abu

Beg.

Mirza

Eunus Chan, had

between Timur * and Abu

relation

and

to each of thofe four kings

excej-rting to

he named Baber, born

lineally de-

Kundiz and Dudachfhan.

Eunus Chan, king of Mogulflan, gave

Mirra Amer,

of

Bea; to the throne

hundred and

Seid, the grand-

was the fon of Sultan

Seid

of Miran Shaw, the fon of Timur, Lord of

Ages^

Bafeer's nn-

n"us!^""

Mirza Baber, when

capacity fo

uncommon

as

at that age,

kingdom of

Indija; and,

of Ramzan,

in the

Succeeds his fell

yet but twelve years old, difcovercd a

when

that

his father,

upon Monday, the fourth

eight hundred and ninety ninth of the Higera,

from the roof of a pigeon-houfe,

was advanced

Mirza Amer gave him the

to the throne,

and was

killed,

and affumed the

title

Mirza Baber
of Zehire ul

Pien.

Bcfjeged by
nfed^ Vc!^"

Mirza Suhan Ahmed, and Sultan Mahmood,

his uncles, led their

armies againft him, to be revenged of him, in his nonage, for the

war of

his father

againft

them, hoping by the advantage w^ich

the acceflion of a child might afford, to appropriate his kingdoms

to themfelves.

But an accident defeated their ambitious dsligns.

After belieging "him in the capital of Indya, there

great

TTHcv 3rc
obi-^ej to

a mortality amc^ng

their troops

happened

Co

and cavalry, that they were

glad to enter

into treaty, and to raife the

died upon his

way

fiege.

Sultan

Ahmed

to Samarcand.
Tamerlane.

The

THE ^HISTORY O F HINDOSTwlN.

>

The

kin^s of CaHiirar and Chiuiin foon after drew n great army

towards, the borders of

them

obliged

Orgund/and made war upon Baber

He>

to retreat.

coob governor of liidij-n,

nt

who was

Kim

net faithful to his

Ke

truft.

rebel-

I'aber lercbciiimisS-^'^''^''--

In the fmie year, Ibrshim

the f^ovcrnor of Adiira, rebelled, and read the chutba in the

Saridj

in Alliira,

which he reduced

was obFiged

B-aber,'

to

come

the fpace of forty days

in

forth with a

fword and

however, forgave him, and marclied

thence to Sharuchia, to meet SuUan

mained

him

Baher marched againd him, anJ.befiegeJ

n-an.e of 'Baifinker.

rebel

appointed Hafien Ja-

thi; time,

towards Samarcand.

to iiy

but he

i-wj

but linber marched againil him, and

led in the year nine hundred,

bliged

'^J'-'

and returned

a fev/ days,

cofiih before

to Chojind,

Mahmood,

snd

v/ith

th,c

him.

and from

whom

he

re-

to- Indija-.

Baifinker, king of Samarcand, having pofleffed himfelf of Artuba,

v.'hich

was a long time the property of

Omar

Shech, Baber re-

folved to retake the place, and

marched accordingly with'

the very next feafon.

Shech Zulnoon, who held

againft

it,

part of tl^e king of Samarc^.nd, m.ide a refolute defence,

proach cf winter

bblrge'd' Br. ber

to raife

his.

till

Ar

p"|].po'j^_

army

on

it

Bcf-e^e':

tlie

the ap-

the fiegc, and return to

to Indija.

'

Baber,

irt

the year following, drew his army towards Samarcandv

'he'm<r in iilliance

with "Sultan

and king of "SqcHara

"the Intter the
:

'

Allr,

the brother of Baifinker Mirz K

former endeavoured'

for the

kingdom of Samarcand-.

The

to

confederate kings not

made

tan

beginning of

tb^e fpring,

AUi reached Samarcand

without the

VoL.

II.

city,
'

for

great preparations for another campa-gn.

Both the king.^ accordingly,

in the

home

in the year

n'ln-t

hundred and two,

took the route of Samarcand.

firft,

Sul-

and Mirz.i Baifinker advanced

and encamped before him

but,

upon Baber's

ar-

riv.a],

to

"^""^'^fr

recover from

being able to rtduce"'Samarcdh''d that year, they returned

the winter feafon, and

Mnrches

Return,'!.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

82
A. D. 1496. rival,
Htg. 902.

he retreated within

his walls in the nl?ht.

was going the rounds of Baber's camp, difcovered the

Balfinker, and falling

Baber

fword.

from the

city,

upon

his rear, put

laid fiege to a fort,

and took

great

retreat

number

called Aflnra, at a

The

it.

who

Eulu Chaia,
^
J

f.n.all

to the

difban^p

confederates, after this fucce^a,

Bfiges Sa.

attacked Saniarcand, which was defended with ereat braverv

The

winter obliged them- to

(lege

railed.

of

raife tlie fiege,

and

retire to quarters,

till

till

tUe

enluing lea!on.
J

ni

Sultan Alii returned to Bochara, and Baber to a place called

Sh'ibiani

jadidar.

Chan, upon

came

the king of Samarcand,

to

make

^ir quarrelled foon

fmall retinue, he

went

march from Turklftan,

for

Samarcand.

much

fo

in perfon

Shaw, king of Kunduz,

to joiri

before Baber, but he thought proper

Shubiani and Baifin-

and the former returned

after,

This circumftance

try.

way

the beft of his

his

Cha-

diftrefied Baifinkir,

to

beg the

v/hile Baber,

that,

afliftance

feizing

own. coun-

to his

this

with a

of Chufero

opportunity,

haftened to Samarcand, and, in the year nine hundred and three,

entered the city without oppofition, and mounted the

*Bah9riak-ei

Samaicand.

acknowledged by the

But

as

greateft part

Deferted by

and

who

ferved

his

^j^^ Moguls,

<3uvcnt

their

him

of the omrahs.

off in a body,

whom

be was greatly

to Achfj,

feveral other chiefs,

where Jehangire, the

Jiehangire* by the

with

brotbei:

of

aid of the deferters, ai^d

,

O^in HafTen, declared himfelf king of In-

way of

faeer to his brother, that as Baber

fubdued the kingdom of Samarcand, he begged

-'"'itha.t<of

in arrears,

Ibrahim Chan Begehuck,

and were followed by

-'that of a prince, called

wrote, by

all

only for the hopes of booty, began to difperfe.

whole dependents,

He

to

who were commanded by

Baber, commanded.

<lija.

being

Baber had taken the place by capitulation, and forbad

manner of plunder, the army,

paa^of

thfCtft^A

-Indij^.

juj
T

uo^p

to

jjyiio iii

had

be indulged with
ajux

:L^ii \.

Baber

th history

OF^

,Hn-^R9S|[^^f.

^'^Ber having received this mefTage, gave

blaming the perfidy of

in

this

who had dcferted him, imupon thofe who remained. The

behaviour, by abandoning him, and joining his

Baber, in the utmoft

brother.

A^^.
to his .pafiion, and,

chiefs

tiiofe

prudently threw fome reflsftions

omrahs refented

way

fent

diftrefs,

him again, but they

embalTador, and cut him to pieces.

vor to reconcile the omrahs to

way-lay the

Ali DooH:

and Molana

in the

Cafi,

mean

into the fort of Indija, and continued to hold

faithful

omrahs

fent a party to

time, threw a garrifon

it

he was taken

The

out for Balder.

feat advice to Baher of their fituation

tunately at this time,

to endea- "^y-

Eulu Chaja

fo extremely

ill,

but, unfor-

that,

not able

to fwallow any

thing,

J-the

he barely exifled by having moiftened cotton

When he

applied to his lips.

His misfortuF.es.

'

preffmg fituation of his

had recovered

affairs

his health,

and foun.d

in Indija, he determined to run

the rifque of lofing Samarcand, rather than his paternal dominions,

and accordingjy diredled his march homewards.. But Ali Dooft, and
.his friends in Indija,
:liad capitulated,

aiTaffinated

his

having heard that Baber was certainly 4ead,

and given up the place

to Jehangire.

traitor Indija takea.

Molana, and, mounting the throne, read the chutba in

own name.

f^ifi^jjjg difagreeable intelligence,

tandians had revolted,

and other advices, that the Sama-

were, at once, brought to Baber,

march, which thi'ew him into the utmolt

both kingdoms.

He

fent,

as

his

lafl:

'to Tafhcund, to entreat the affiftance

'

This

their

own

differences,

blow had fuch an

Mahmood left

upon the

affairs

M2

loft:

Amir Cafim Cudgi

of Mahmood.
That fultan
3

but an emiffary,

Jehangire,
his

-st

who managed

two nephews

and returned to Tafhcund.

effed:

having iiow

refourcc.

Mahmood, from

matters fo well, that Sultan

his Samarcafid;
'^^^'^

diftrefs,

haftened to Jilka, where he and Baber met

the fame time, came to

upon

to fettle

This unexpected

of Baber, that they

now

appeared

THE IIISTOny OF HmDOSTAN.

4
gll^' '^PP^^*"^^
F:!bjr, in thi

^'^

defperate, that of all his army, in a

Korkmen remained with him,

to

few days, only forty

conquer two kinc^doms.

Hid",

He

la this forlorn fituatlon he retreated to Chojind.

thence to
ii!g

Mahtimmud

to Bi-

fl'es

Hafiein Gorgan Doghelat, at Artaba, acquaint-

him, that the place

from the fury of

him

to permit

his

enemies; he therefore earneftly

to pafs the winter

He

protedt

folicited

Mahummud

at BiOiaer.

and Baber accordingly took up

began to recruit a

he could think

friends

which he was then could not

in

confented to this requefl:

ters there.

wrote from

to join

of,

new army,

him
him

HalTein

his quar-

writing to

all

the

him.

4
He

ta' es

tVe

After a few were gathered round his flandard, he confidered that

ii-i

field with a

Ins future fortune

few.

and ref Ived

to

depended

employ them

liaftened to Barnilack,

fome by
him,

into great perplexity.

ftill

He

if

'

Baber fhould come

himfelf

among

of the

Amer

he

affairs

a?iv'oJ!bk^
a<pe^^.

in poffeffion

and

fervice to

which threw him

mean

time, agreeable

and in-

of the garrifon of Marinaan,

of

to take poffeffion

it,

he would number

Dooft

at

this

the gate,

offer,

who

and fupplied his finances.

put

and arriving

him

at the

into poffeffion

Baber immediately fent

Caffim Codgi towards the mountains of Indija, and Ibrahim'

Sara and
His

alTault,

bej^ffin?
ot>
o his fors;ivenefs,
o

hefitate to accept

m^et Alii

fort,

by

therefore,

his flaves.

Baber did not

place,

received, in the

forming him, that he was

and

forts

a very ruinous afped:,

Dooft Tio^hai,
to

Alii

He,

againfl his enemies.

But thefe petty exploits were of little

ftrata'gem.

from

upon the reputation of his arms,

where he took fome

for his affairs bore

Caber invited tifjipgrg

^
to Marinaan.

entirely

Vifs Lagliiri towards Achfi,

friends to his party.

to

endeavor

This meafure had the defired

to

bring Dver

effed:,

for the

mountaineers of Indija were gained to the intereft of Baber, while

Ibrahim Sara and Vifs Laghiri fettled matters with tiie governor of
fhe fort of Baab, and two or -three more,

who

declared for Baber.

The

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

The

85

negotiatiGns of that prince fucceeded, at the fame tl-me, at .the ^^^PJ49^-

court of his uncle. Sultan

Mahmood Chan,

of Bochara,

who

march--

join hini.

,ed to

-'^

o^r

ha.vin?. received

Tehan2;ire,

Marinaan, and of the

efforts

tov/ards that

v/ith his forces

of the proceedings
o at

intelHsrence

o.,

of Baber to

raife

an army, marched

down

place, and fat

before

jie;es

im

in

Mariuaan.

He

it.

detached, at the fame time, part of his army towards Achfi, who,

faihngin with

When

ter.

Mihmood Chan,

were defeated, with great llaugh-

Jehangire and Ozin HalTen received thefe advices, they

were flruck with embarraiTment, and retreated to

the fon-in-law of Ozin HafTen,

firbeg,

who had now

Mahmood, and

fcveral- parties

affairs,

by

of Ufbecks,

determined not to admit Jehangire, and immediately fen t a mef-

rii
the

rrrr

fenger to halten Baber to take poiieliion 01

ruined the
difperfe,
tliat

affairs

place.

Retreats,

the govern-

.ment of that city, feeing the favorable afpedt of Baber's

the junction of Sultan

But Na-

Indija.

>-r^t

This check

Dfi'-ied admittance into

indija.

of Jehangire, for immediately his army began to The affairs

while he hi mfelf took the

way

to Ofl:,

and Ozin HafJip

of

J^i'neT'^"

of Achfi.

Baber, by this time, advanced to Indija, and took pofTefTion of

^^^^"/^^oVers his do-

upon

.that city, conferring honors

his friends;

and thus the capital

of Firghana was, in the year nine hundred and four, redored to

its

former adminiftration.

of Baber, he
.

fet

was permitted

part

the fourth day after the

arrival

out for Achfi, where Ozin Halien capitulated, and

to retire to HilTaar,

governor of the
greateft

Upon

place.

of Ozin

The

Cafim Ogib being appointed

king returned to Indija, with

Haffen's troops,

who

inlided

the

themfelves

^under his vidorious banners.

But the forces of HafTen having, upon

former occafion, plun-

dered feveral perfons, then in the king's army, of their

plaint

was made

to

effects, a, com-

Baber, and orders were ilfued to reflore the

plunder

miniom.

THE HISTORY OF

S6

The

^iih^'
Is

5iiNt>0STAN.

defcried

hv a great
pjrtofhis
armv.

Moguls, unwilling to comply"

F^""^^^ to te'pi^c^^p6vvn^r^;
With tliis oiiier, iiiounted their horfes, and, to a man, fct out for

Orgund, where they joined Mirza Jehangire and

by which they were again in a condition to rharch againft

The defertcrs

Thc

kinjT fcnt

Cif:m

ncleat

Ahmed Timbul,

Cafim Cousri
o

many

great flaughter,

to oppofe

them,

who was

Indija.

defeated with
^

of the king's principal omrahs being

flain

and

fevcral taken prifoners.

The enemy advanced with

all

expedition, and laid fiege to Indij^

for the fpace of thirty days, but as they could effedl nothing againft it>

The

they marched towards Oufe.

marched,

hundred and

in the year nine

cncmy, by another

iniijabe-

road,

made

marched

brother to

Timbul.

refolution, but at length

>

It

sonaiof wllich,

,n.

mto

The enemy
again at-

tempt Indija,

Chilili

was forced

hc was ex changed

,1

the enemy s hands.

otiiqmi t>na

to a capitulation,

by the terms

for the king's friends,, who had fallen

JlooU
To n.oni J5 2t;w oii

mean

time,

made

an attempt to fcale the

of Indija in the night, but was repulfed with great lofs.

Ba
ber, by this time, returning to that place, took a ftrong pofl by

^yalls

'

He

encamped before the enemy

fpace of forty days, and then

fiftance,

'^^^

After an obflinate and bloody re-

the rebels v/ere driven out of their trenches, and dilperfed^

^^^^^

vi<flory,

Baber was informed

mood Chan, whofe

to thc affiftance

The

for the

determined to attack their camp,

though with great difadvantage.

B Tcr"

defended the place with great

'

in the

the banks of the river.

are over-

how-

[blL^j'u

Ahmed Timbul,

Babcr,

ths^

aflrong fort in the pofTefTion of Chilili,.

to liadwerd,

Ahmed

towards Oufe, while

that city, and the ftrength of tTic

trufting to his friends in

place,

five,

a pufh towards Indija.

'>ged.

ever,

king having recruited his army^

entered the city in triumph.

in indija,' that lix

policy

it

was

to

weaken both

of Jehangu^e, and had

king, though

it

thoufand horfe from

fat

parties,

Mah-

had come

dov/n before Caflian

was now the middle of winter,

in fevere froft

and

fnow.

marched

.fDQ;y!r,

own

allies retreated

Alvmed Timbul, who was upon

country.

tiie rebels,

upon which the

that way,-,

in accidentally with

fell

he could not

which means he went

off with

lofs.

little

The

under the walls of Biihare, and encamped in

Upon

to join who raues ^

the king, in a fituation where

had not the night favored

efcape,

march

his

to their A^.^-

king purfued hin*

fight.

Cumber

the fourth day, Ali Dooft an^

by

retreat

his

prevailed

Alii,

upon A

make

felTion

of

all

terms were

kingdom of

main

Baber

that

Baber

his

bro

Mirza Jehangire fbould keep pof- gire.

Indija,

and the

diflridis

(liould give

up Indija

and

of Orgund, fliould re-

kingdom of

that if the latter {hould ever recover the

Sam^rcand, he

and

iher Jchan-

the country between the river Chajand and Achfi

that the
to

The

propofals of accommodation.

immediately agreed upon

peace be.

tw een

the king to

Caflian.

to Jehangire.

After thefe terms of pacification were felemnly ratified by mutual

oaths, the brothers

were

fides

Dooft,
exert

had an interv^w, and the

fet at liberty.

who was
unbounded

man

The

prifoners

upon both

king returned to Indija, where Alii The

of great wealth and power, had began to

authority.

He

banifhed

others, without the king's permifiion

Dooft, took a princely flate upon himielf.

Dot^l.'^

and imprifoned

fome,

Mahummud

while his fon,

info.

The

king, upon ac-

count of his great influence, and the numerous enemies which enyi-

r(^ed his dominions, was conftrained to difiemble his refentment.

In the
Alii

mean

time,

Mahummud Mazidlir Chan,

Mirza of Samarcand, apprehenfive of danger

joined Bijaan Mirza, the fon of Sultan

againft Samarcand.

dom.

Mahmood, and

him

to the (ponquefl;

Baber embraced the propofal, and drevv

carried

him

his

of that king-

army towards

Mahummud .Mazidlir Chan

Samarcand.

march,

frorn his mafter,

Bijaan Mirza was defeated, returned, and fent

embalTddor to Baber, inviting

his

an omrah of Sultan

it

Babcr^ cx-

having joined, Baber "pon samarcaiX

was refolved in council to fend a perfon to found Chaja

Cuttub

^.p.

(Gutiub wl-Ufejii-:Eiahri'iwho.lbiki atepftithpi whole powet,<)f>Saiu4frIds tetmincd them' for .anCwer^ (tl^aKthty miglit

caoil id his liriodsj

iiii^cch tcvvfifd?

,abk'^

In

:-t)ie?

tltyj rftiidtAvhtifever .wasicHind

tiic

mem

^Airjar^t^wdi

'

Alahmood

time. Sultan

Dood

- j^al'^eri

.pQoftw

ber deftrt- left

JkHi

5tl

-Jrf^^uyit^

to take the-

way

vii;

frcrn- hrs

gtr

.1

Sultafn

'MU

,nwti

MirzaiVt'as/ftil-

tn^w^, ^w?e;ic

%bfrJ^:aftQTv t^i^; ^(^e^irtipji,

aixl

Fng-

.,gd:pf5ti?s,i^by,-5^^h^#i i>istflimy^ilifti^

-vThfe -einci^mikiH'e.ld^^iril^, his

^i^mfei^s-iaf^^ borfes.

Yt\qops tp,/udi a degree, that they

.r^ach<i J^rnilaely, except
.

forty rr.en.

all

young adventuFST

c!ar:n'^

auempiupon
>

'

.that city^

fliiall

bsmg
among his

without

raife a faction

this

havp

.kf&d

now

men.

dcfpaircd of fuxcpf^ in^

kingdom

prompted -him

tJr.:^o^her.

.,,-^1^

forty

tl^e,ti^ejhe

'

ambitiqn.j

-his,

hi-q;i-vb-y

t'

derig-i>i; .'M"'-t;^^<?^^S^^ he.-h,ad

'Aid i-etarne4

deferted

two hundred and

/iO>' ir^an but, I^apgr ^wouli^

His

i-U

to Sirtack, over rocks, flones,

except two

him

,feijE..-^'^jt?flr,r rii|)on1ibarif>g~-,this

him, and' went to Chif&v0-^h^w..

p^t^iffihis
-'''''^'

iHis'/veterah'

hfi'>iqi'i>iRw?fl'iid HovriW fiuqu

a.

conquer SsiniarcanSd,vwhich

miijreji to

was obliged

^i'r.-nv,

CDfF(3ippatWi\>t;

jlKreloije-, dctevmitied-'tb dillnils

trMtt

^Mii^flrtOt reJiaqlrirn.

the

<>t

ChajaiiiEihlivi w^icl^f HiicilictiJtexi\^hir ititaiilji^.!

,ntid 9!oi;>d

,fiiisU

w'ho?e

any appH;<it;|0a(LpnAflcd

artd acq\iaCft%l -theciien&my

iMH3afiVj"fUy^ i>^>diedi'/iii

who commanded

D'ildai,

itfoopSiO'tJAYdttd Ito: tlie 'kin^'st; iirti3daKl,>^ mq-kirtg.-complamt-slagainfV

^lU

A'i

(-adyifc-

ibwUU; P!^.4^^IK

Hfibe<jHx Ufti>er'4,C?^i|^Ti;jaft-j^is ^oii Nvithput

rwiih

moll

.tlicn.

to vvhich
to,

K^.accordingjly

rctiniie,

diftwcred.
friendsi

he might

j^is

Wve

run the riUjue of a

marched

qireillj? for

with an intention to get info

His. hopes were, ti^at Jia oouid

while yet the city wa's in diforder.

He

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

He

entered Samarcand in the dufk of the evening, and went to Eurit

Chan's houfc, but in a few minutes his

and the whole

began

city

to be in

an uproar.

ripe for execution, thought

was not

arrival

it

P- '499
Hig. 9c 5.

was whifpered about,

Baber, as his fcheme ObJiged

ta,

high time tamake his efcape,

which he did accordingly, without any

lofs.

After he had got clear of the chy, he looked back and repented

of his precipitate

He

flight.

immediately flopped in a grove, where,;

being wearied with the fatigue of the day, he laid himfelf dowft

upon the ground

as did the grentefl: part

to fleep,

of

his retinue.

In

His dram

about an hour he awaked from a dream, in which he imagined he

faw Nafir

wards

ul

Dien Abdalla, a

He

his houfe.

down, upon which

which the

The

dirvefli

of great repute,

coming

thought that he invited the dirvefh

his fteward fpread a table cloth before

fcemed greatly offended

*,

and

to-

tp

fit

him,

at

go away.

rofe to

king begged he would excufe him, as the offence was com-

mitted by a fervant.

The

up

upon

dirvefh,

and held hira up towards the

iftg

dirvefli

this,

took

him by

the arm,

upon which he awoke, and

flcy,

dream, and det^rnjined

his attendants, related his

to

call-

make

an attempt immediately upon Samarcand.

Baberls fmall party having

mounted

He

icaled

and

by the help of

falling

Vv'all,

and

near the Lover's Cave, which they

^^''P"^""

and coming round

a hook-rope,

to

the gats

killed

and

They immediately fet open the gate, and admitted

the king and his fmall party.
The city was alarmed but the partv
proclaiming the name of Baber as they pafTed through the ftreets, all
difperfed them.

* The

his

friends blocked

Orientals never eat abroa

pendent dirvefhes

live

upon

rice

-to

him, whik

v/ithouta

forjv.zl

his

invitation

enemies,

not

befides, thefe inde-

ayd water, and will not condefcend to be entertained

by pringcs.
'

^'oL.

II.

'

whTch"e

detached eighty of his

upon the guard commanded by Cafiter Chan,

who were

Returns to

men

reached the bridge about midnight.

before to a low part of the

their horfesj returned

knowing

THE HISTORY OF^WMStfST'A"^

90
^'iP*

IIT'

'^"^^^^'"'S

hisftrength, ran diftrafted from place to place to

jolli

rhelr

leaders.

In a

lliort

time the alarm reached the houfe of Chaja Cuttub

They

Dien Eiah, where feven thouiand Ufbecks were quartered.

rufhed out and joined Shubiani Chan,

fifty

men, commanding the

refl:

eight thoufahd'

Shubiani, with' orte hundred

Ufbecks, liyln the citadel of Diclar.

and

who, with

to wait for orders, fet outfdi!*!

the iron gate, but feeing he cotild do nothing with that handful,

who

mean

Baber, in the

retreated.

Chan

'

him

He

the oppofite gate,

and

fled

hV

thoufarlds','

clofe,

fo

thrit^

make one of

could not, either by woidsor example,

the Ufbecks ftand his ground.

Samarcand

time, attended by fome

rent the fky with acclamations,- foilo-cved

Shubiani

ul'

therefore followed

them out

at

towards Bochara, and Samarcand' iriittte

diately lubmitted to Baber.

'''Jnf

?ifi

qu
'V

This adion,
it

contained,

fmall

if

confider the ftrength

number who attempted

it

the troops

place,

many

other

the uncertainty of being joined by

it,

we mufl efteem it equal

The authors who relate it, very

difficulties,

to the boldeft enterprize in hifliory.

juftly give

of the

the alarm that had been fpread in the evening, the

the citizens, and

we

the preference to any of the exploits of Timur.

Mahummud

Mufidter

Chan took

this

opportunity

and Heraz from the Ufbecks;

the forts of Kirfhi

of wrefting

while Abul

Sultan Baber
Haffen Mirza, from Muracufs, came and took Kole.
neighbouringfent ambalTadors to Sultan HafTein Mirza, and other
princes, his

Chan

out of

relations,

Maver

ul

to requeft their

Nere.

They

alliance,

either paid

to drive Shubiani

no regard

to

Baber s

Shuambaffy, or fent fuch pitiful fupplies, as ferved no purpofe.

the winter, taking
biani, by this means, recovered llrength during
Karacole,

and other

diflrids.^^

nt -r,.

,..v^'nrf!-[ ,;stfM >Tgdioir;

Sultan

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

month of Shawal,

Sultan Baber, in the

collected his

whole

qualities

upon

of the general and brave

this occafion,

foldier,

own

by his

his allies, and foon after

the

all

Only

whom,

fifteen

feeing

it

contend any longer with fortune, he made good his retreat

He loft in this

Hig. 907.
Baber defeated by
shubiani.

good

but he was deferted by

troops.

friends remained at laft by his fide, with

kand.

fix, A- p.. 5oi

with him in the environs of Caridzin, and

Baber exhibited,

fought him.

nine hundred and

and marched out of Samarcand, to engage

force,

He came up

Shubiani.

91

brav:

in vain to
to

Samar-

a6lion his principal omrahs, Ibrahim Tirchan,

Ibrahim Saar, Abul Aflim Ko, Plyder Cafllm, Amir Kiam Cudgi,

Choda

Birdi,

the brother of

Chilili,

Ahmed Timbol,

and other

princes of note.

Shubiani advanced, and laid fiegc to the city

up

his quarters at the college

trical place for

many

days,

fiege

Loma

gave extraordinary examples

pafiTed

in attacking

dreadful famine began to rage in the city.

^-'"^^^and.

killed

Kokultafs,

of bravery.

and repulfing, when a

The

inhabitants eat their

and even the moft unclean animals, while thofe

horfes,

'

was con-

numbers being

Kutch Beg,

during which time,

Four months had now

iiot

The

fending orders, or affiftance.

Kelnizer Taghai,

and

the king taking BeHepef fn

of Aligh Beg, as being the moft cen-

tinued with great obftinacy for

Gj> -both fides

who

could

procure other provifions, fubfifted upon the bark of trees.

Though

commencement of

the king, at the

ambafladors
Moguliftan,

to the
all

kings of Chorraftan, Kundez, Buck(jlan, and

princes

of the houle of Timur, for fuccours, he

received no hopes cf their

aid.

He

was, therefore, under the

cruel necefllty of abandoning his capital and

one
nine

hundred

friends,

in a

hundred and feven.

brother,

Sultan

the fiege, had fent

kingdom, with about

dark night, in the beginning of the year

He

Mirza Jehangire, came

efcaped to Tafibcund, v/hither his

to

Mahmood, comforted him

pay him his refpeds.

in his diftrefs, entertained

His uncle^

him

in

a princely

Forced to

J uho^eVul'^
^'^"^

'

manner,

a princely

A'.'P-

'

'and '^aVt hi^h MV6''Cify'^ of

durino; ihc winter.

in

^^^'^

Fefiejjfd at

beginning

thc

Artaba

'tc?

he

t)f the fpring,

w'Ss

again attacked by

Shubiani Chan, who, not being able to eftedl any 'thing

6i)Tbilc^

city,*

plundered

lived for

live

fome time,

Ahmed Timbcl

upon

gire,

his 'taking

Ai.?ed byhis
uiicics.

Sultan

Mahmood

^awi t^aiul

.AiUHhna

dnd his

C{ian',

were ar length prevailed upon

bfotfwi-;

to oppofe

Ahmed- Timbok

them.

raife a party there,

'43ol^'''^Baber accordingly

inhabitants of

whilfl his

It

was

'"^
*

Timhol happened, by

when

wounded,

InSj3.^''''Tarmy of Sultan
fat

down

accident,

't!6

to Ofh, while

The

liege

garrifon's ^'of

towards Indija ;

'''''^^

a-icl

Utid-Jooi sdj Qmij 9noJ

fall "In'

with Baber*s camp,

Ahmed Timbol

Mahmood

and Sultan

before the place,

The king

"threw himfelf

The' next daV, the kliied

Ahmed

appeared in

where they were joined foon

Some time after, the

put him in poffeflion of

by Sultan Baber.
'the king, arid

T'ini*

before the confederate princesy

The confede- into Indija, and prepared for a defence^

and

Ahmed

thg troops were out foraging, and defeated him.

efcaped,

Ahmed

march towards

oppofed

The king immediately marched

Jfi: haftened: back to cover Indija^'' f ^

SI -(10 Uoo K
i'j ij ji
^ j^iii'Kil
^ -j^.u

Defeated by

W1tk*it. thje

took Ofh, and was joined by 'forhe^of -'the

Vnd Ahmed Timbol decamped from

oummur.

liftcl-es

to-

agreed^ that Sultan

Orgun and Marinan, who expelled the

Alramed Timbol.

fea4

Sultkr^ 'Ahfned

Baber, with a fmall detachment of Moguls, fhould

^mo^^^

hoommi.1

,h-.-)i)ji

had reached the boundaries of Ferghana,'

Timbol marched out

0{h,' to

uu/io'ijiiii

Baber in an attempt

to fupport

'recover the kifigdom cf Indija from

"confederates

head from his misfortunes,

i"J-^3ih

:.

In this

refigned to bis brother Jehan^*^

Samarcand.
,

ih^

having taken poffcfiion of thc

kingdom of Indija, which Baber had

-.uLni ?'i*ri'

againrt:

country, and retreated to 8amaFcand.

fultan, unable to raife hi&

His miifor- "maTiner, the

rend^ iw

to

nw:b(

fight,

after

inhabitants of Achfi called

that place

j'

'but the allied

princes, not being able to reduce Indjja, raifed the fiege.

In

lQ;it}]ec^ii?>^jtij^iev

Shubiani Chan-, fearing th^ JiKcefs of Ba^^^^

.

advanced from SamaiCcind with a very great army^ jo\vaj:ds Acnu.

Baber immediately joined

him.

But

and they prepared

aihes,

his

v^hich ^^as very obftinate aad bloody,, iheT"'"

io this a-<!tion,

fortune of Shubiaoi Clian prev^Uedr,.^3s4

were

The King

tikcii priibners.

receive

to

dom of Tafl^cund fell into

augmemed his powov

unqles of J^aber

jhotl^^.tiie

efcaped to Moguitftaa,

...

u.::.AA ,muj 3m6i

.^i. ,

retired,

his frieads ts)ld

and

fell

himi that Shubiani Chan had

powerful antidote agalnft poiroas

**

biani

Chan has

which

^mfiwoj

is

When

^.ariyiy,.

he has

t.er s

ncles

a^ianw

my

taken'

kingdom,
^rlHiFT

fZiu-iiol

q
from
,

Moguliftafn,

and came

r|:o

Shudmo--,

and"

proceeded to Turmuz, where Arnir ^Mahiunnrad. Backer,

-.

prince of that place,

becks,

^'^l""

Y^sJ Shu-

not in the power of your Theriax: to-reftore."

iioi/r; blucj^fli

^Vf:g

one of leleafcd.

Chiitay^^j^if-^a
''.

^-^^

him, aud

poilbntid

the prince replied,

poifoned me, irrdced

;S|Dlf^^a:-Bab^^ left

>f|>e^e

i^

S^'^-^-'iJ^

'

into a deep melancholy.

'

bavii

'

begged to fupply him with, fome famous Theriaic of

b'l

'""'^^

the hands of ShubiAnir^Chai), Wjl^ighjg^ea^ly

Shubrani, fome time after, relejfed. the twp brp4i!Vf-.]?A^

-li'T clJi- MO'.jSJ

Mahmood

i>u4iiiflis^

king-

a;idi,the

'/

who was

uneafy

?lad of Baber's alliaRce,-

received

large prefents.

him wi^h
Baber

who

jit

ftill-

great kindncfs

faid to

the great power of ihe Uf-

him, upon

h:ui-

and

the

command- of an

reipeet,

this occafion, Thj^t being a He

long time the foot-ball of fcH'tune, and like a piecs

chefs-board, moved from

and gave him

place to place, vagrant as the

,,iky,

and

rgliid

of his friendly advice,

refllefs as a fione

wood oiVa
moon in the

oif

afk<

.-id-

hurimud

upon the beach, he would therefore be

as,he

had been fo unfucpefsful

in

hisoyvn

Meer Mahummud Backer replied> That, however inea_pable he was to advife- him, he w^ould noti vvithold hl^ opinion,
which was, th?t, as, Shubiard Chan was ppw, in fwll pof^^
Baber's kingdom^ and many iOthprs, whichj-,endered jiim extremely
hf^olves>.

powerful,

it,

would be mprC; advi^eable

.53n

sri}

fc^r, l]irri

balim. ,\tbal ^ofjb^j oj

9fdfi

tq^ p;a|-fue

his f^rujne

gaiad tor.^^^^^^^'^^*-

^!f'^^-"r

THE HIS^TORY OF

94

A. D. 1504. ellc where,

Hig. 910.

PII^|^f^ST^N.
which was now

particularly in Cabuliftan,
*

in a flate

of

anarchy.

>

Baber's 5n'
ch'ijfl"'^

The

ten,

king followed

marchcd towards Cabul.

Faffing, in his

way, through the do-

Shaw of Kunduz, he was entertained by him

hofpitality, for which, we are forry to relate, our hero

minions of Chufero
with great

made
he

During the time that Baber

a very bad return.

ftirred

up a fadion

in Chufero's

thoufand of his troops to his

capital
fure,

and

fly

and gained over feveh

court,

intercft.

to Biddiulzeman MIrza,

and every thing in the

Baber did not

to-

\\ard5 Cdbul.

own

refided there,

This

plot being difco-"

fail

poffefTion

leaving his troops, his trea-

of Baber.

He

to avail himfelf of thefe advantages.

march-

immediately towards Cabul, which had been inpolTeffion of Mirza

Abdul Ryfaac,

t'he

then in his minority.

fan of

Mirza Aligh Beg, Baber's

One Zicca,

in
Confufions
that coun-

the

^^^^^^

iincle,

who was

much authority in the

omrahs, who alTaflinated him

exerting too

country at that time, dilgufted the other

month of Zihidge. This circumftanoe occafiojied

kingdom for Mahummud Mokim, the
;

great convul-

fon of

Amir

Zulnon, Prince of Garrimfere, took advantage of the inteftine diviBaber

felzes

fioi^s

of the Cabuliaus, and invaded them, forcing Mirza Abdul

^^^^ Shelter

among

the Afghans

that country, and married the

filler -of

Affairs being in this fituation.

borders of Cabul, and driving

forced

him

took.

He

try, as

with a few fervants, was obliged to abandon hl8

vered, Chufero,

Marches

hundred and

this advice, and, in the year nine

to take

he himfelf took

Ry-

pofleifion

of

the former prince.

Sultan Baber arrrivfd upon

Mahummud Mokim

refuge in his capital,

out of th^

the

field,

which Baber befieged and

then applied himfelf to regulate and improve that coun-

.dominions belonging to himfelf.

In

THE FIISTORY OF HINDOSFAN.

9j

In the year nine himdred and eleven, Cabuliftan was tiirowr> into
~

which

great confternation by dreadful earthquakes

Baber endeavoured

Cities in ruins.

reftlefs

ail

genius of Baber could not

his

lie

new

.irtr.dfui

againfl:

fubjeds.

His afpiring

quiet.

He

pofition bes[an to extend his views to conquefl.

Herat.

He

marched

in the

fame year

dif-

accordinslv led

the Argons of Kandahar, and deprived

them of the

'^"^^^ inhar.

Mirza Buddiulzc-

ftrong fort of Killat, eftablifliing an alliance with

man qf

moil of the A

to alleviate this public calamity

that he gained the love and fidelity of

an army

laid

manner, by his unv/earied care and extenfive benevolence,

in fuch a

The

ijo^'.

9'2-

to Kufsluckat, which,

he brought into fabjeclion, and gave the government cf Ghizni,

.

which, from a great empire, was diminifhed into an inconfiderablc

province^

tO:

his brother Jehangire.

odjsa

the year nine hundred and twelve, Baber marched towards Marches

.In

ChprrafTan to join Sukan Huflein Mirza, who,

former behavior, and

now

by

irritated,

frelli injuries

of

afliamcd

from Shubiani.

propofed to Baber, that they fliculd join in alliance

to

Jii^-^''"'^"^^"'

CbiaiH-

againfl:

him.

But when Baber had reached Nimrcfa, he heard of Sultan Huffein's

He

death.
to

ftii;

able to

proceeded, however, to Choi;raffdn,

and endeavored

He was

up the princes and omrahs againfl the Ufbecks.

effeifl

his purpofe,

and prevented

his

and he therefore returned, by the way of

The

Herat, towards Cabul.

not.,ii

fnows were,

pafTage over the hills,

at that

.1

^-^^
-1"^'^^ """i"

time, very deep,

which obliged him

cantoon his troops in Hazara..

to

Tic^tA
rdiiO-l;o ?Jt)b-iO'!

When
mud

Baber was thus conftrained

Hafiein Gurgan,

with Chan Mirza

promoting

news of

Birlafs,

his coufin,

falfe intelligence

to

remain

as

Hazara,

Mahum-

and other Mogul omrahs, joining

raifcd

of the

him

to the throne of Cabul,

fuitan's death.

his return reached the people,

new government, and

at

by

But when the

they rebelled

againfl:

the

foon as the feafon permitted his approach,

flocked:

Dirturbanres

'THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^
\\\^'

^"^^^'^

rtindard, put

^^'"^

the capital, wlicrc

Q^eika.

all

Chan Mirza and

The

and then capituLited.

liege,

the girrifons into his hands except

his adherents fuftained a llioit

principal perfons concerned in

About

the revolt, were expelled the country.

the

^ira,

B.uluch.'lian,

who

you ngcll: brother,

I'ultan's

this

time Nafir

iVIir-

held the government of

being defeated, by one of the generals of Shubiani

Chan, took refuge

at

Cabul,

and, as Mirza Jehangirc had killed

himfeif by hard drinking, his government of Ghizni was no\v Qon'ferfed

upon Nafir Mirzi,

nine hundred and thirteen, Baber marched agamrt;

In the year

Other Cattle, and

tu c.uiuahar.

greatly oppreflcd

i^^-^g

The

of Candahar.

with their requelt.

f3ng Ki'at,

He

Chan Mirza

immediately

did

that

cording to their defire^ and

comply

and, as he was

paf-

aiCC04i=ipa-nied

he was

tliat,

upon

fo far

Whea

him.

to Sliaw
his

way, ac-

he expeded

therefore,

Beg

to

ft^

in his can,ip.

Since

the

time of their writing to Baber, fome

alterations ia

ihtir politicks,

had made them repent of the application they had

made,

in (lead

lb that

of receiving the fultan

in a friendly

manner,

they prepared for war, and defired he would return home.

t-lic

lie
Takes C^n-

in

begge.d the favor of being admitted into

Mahummud Mokem,

them

heiitatc to

reached the borders of Caudahar, he wrote

liad

and

Baber, at this

to

would put him

not

fpt out,

his prefefice, aijd, receiving his pardon,

be

of the houfe of Argon,

that way, they

fultata

and took

and Ibme thoufands of

by the Ufbecks, wrote

time, that if he would m^irch

'pofleldaon

flieep,

The cmrahs

returned.

country,

infefced his

them one hundred thoufand

'from
B;i'ocrtnvic.'d

who

Afghans of Ghalingi,

'the

fultan

determined not to

fyffcr

fuch an indignity with impunity,

marched forward, and engaged them

liihack,

But

near the city of Candahar,

(laughter, and cutting off their retreat

at the

defeated

from the

village

of Qilr

them with

city*

greaJt

Shaw Be^

fled

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Mahummud Mokxm

to Saulj.and
'

towards Dawir.

Baber.

the city, and took

diately laid fiege to

with

-it,

the family of Zulnon, which he divided,

officers

and

all

bj^ weight,

amongft

He

,^^1

having, this very year, complained to Shu-

upon him

tiani Chan, prevailed

march towards Candahar.

up

ligence, fliut himfelf

engage

to

if^

in

the town, and fent expreffes

to

was

no condition

in

Cabul

to difpute the field

him

ruin

and overfet

for ever,

Chan,

came

after taking the place,

marched

vyitli

his

all

it

befides,

to

.tjiyeen

him and

as

tp

tlie

defeat

had formed

no longer with

shubLnL''

Shubiani

the fons of Zulnon,

army towards Chorraffan.

to Sultan Baber,

his

Nafir Mirza, accord- which h

But.

0!Q

fooner

Arguniahs made an

curfion, and poflefled themfelves of the place.

news

that

the projcds he

back

had Shubiani evacuated CandaAiar, than

able piece of

diftrefs,

to the fultan at Cabul.

gave

with Shubiani Chan, whofe

after h.e could hold out

propriety, capitulated, and

^to

for that, ^at this, time,,; he

himfelf a kingdom in Hindoftan.

pf
ing to thefe inlfrudions,

raifing

aij^

at

and finances were greatly fuperior;

forces

pight

him

to

to

defend the place as

^^png as he could, but if he fliould he driven to great

and .come

and

rhj^^ behalf,

Nafir Mirza, upon receiving this intel-

Baber wrote, him

brother for affiftance.

his

government of Candahar and Dawir,, and then

in ^the

Mahummud Moktm

.t:a)it|[late,

914'.

left

returned in triumph to Cabul.

.f^,

'S^*-

Hig.

the wealth of

troops, according to their refpedive ftations.

Mirza

iNaiir

imme-

Tiiis

in..

was an agree-

they formed a barrier be-

the Ufbecks,

^,.;Jhisyear, upon

the fourth of Zicat, Sultan Bahei- ,had a

fan "umaiooH
l>0rn to him, in Cabul, whom he named Humaioon,
who after-

wards became eipperor of Hindoftan.

the

mZ)yW*

fisld,
,

tha.Moguls

againfl the

The
Memind

fultan,

in^^Uefollcw-

Afghans,

during

Chuf^ro Shaw, who had been left to

apfbnd Cabul, i-evolted,^^|^^.j(^.j^p ,\bdui Ryilc,
the Ibn of Aligh S'"''
lence
h,is,.aWej;ice,

Vol.

II.

.of

B eg,

of

Baber, revolts.

THE HISTORY OF IIINDOSTAN.

98
A. D. 1509. J3eff
PahcTdef.

rr-

my/

upon the throne.

The

was immediately deicrted by

fultan

the'

grcatpft part of his army, for hearing of the rebellion in Cabul, they

haftened home,

to

piotedt

infomuch thjt out of

families,

their

upwards of ten thoufand horfe, which he carried

had now

fcarce five

hundred remaining

Not withftauding of

Hisdarinj;
cn trpnze.

Baber

camp.

in his

thefe misfortunes,

to tl^e field,

Baber boldly refolved

towards Cabul, with the few trufty friends he had

j^j^^^p^^g

Abdul Ryfaac,

upon ^ the

approach, came out

fultan's

of"

to-"

leftv

the city

The fultan, with his

and when he came near,-

with an army, ten or tvyelve;thoufand flrong.

fmall troop,

advanced towards them,

ordered them to halt.

He himfelf

rode clofe up to the rebel-army,

and challenged Adbul Ryfaac to fight;

,but, as ,hc

feemed

to dec|ine

Kills five

the combat, five omrahs, one after another, engaged him, arid

fiTgiecom-

by his hand.

The names

of the omrahs were Alii Shubcore, Alii

Jacoob Tez Jung,

Nifer Bahadur Ufbeck,

Seif^ani,

fell-

and Uibeck-

Bahada r.
This heroic behavior flruck the

rebels

and aflonifhment, that they refufed to

But

ufurper was taken.

he pardoned liim

fo

fight,

was the

great

but foon after,

The

country of Chufcro

Ufbecks,

the'uftecks

who

fultan's

Shaw having
up

chiefs fprung

fultan,

he

this year left

diilur-

it

the hands of
in fubjedtion,

this,

of whom

by the advice

traced her genealogy to the great

and to take meafures to

to entertain hopes,

himfelf to that kingdom.

more

in Buduchflian,

who

of the

raife

fallen into

of his mother, Sha Begum,

raife

clemency, that

traitor.

Chan Mirza, upon

began

admiration

by which means the

the principal was Zeiper.

*,

much

took no proper means of keeping

number of independent

Secunder

fo

beginning to

bance, he fufFered the jufl reward of a

War between

with

Having
Cabul

previoufly obtained leave

and, having raifed a fmall

* Alexander the Great.

army.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

But

army, advanced towards the borders of Buduchflian.

who came up

th'er,

was attacked by

in the rear,

99

mo-

his

\-J^-

body of Kafhgars,

and carried off prifoner, while Chan Mirza himfelf was defeated,

up

to Zeiper,

Eufoph AUi Kockultalh,

who had

and obh'ged
guard.

to give himfelf

who

him under

kept

been an old fervant of

Mirza, formed a confpiracy againfl Zeiper, and affafiinated him,

and Chan Mirza was raifed to the throne by the people.

In the year nine hundred and fixteen,

Chan

of Iran, wrote to Shubiani

of the

Shaw

withdraw

to

croach, to root up the tree of contention,

and to plant that of

it

was

kier,

friendfliip,

Shubiani

grateful perfume.

who were
had

that

Shaw

Ifmaiel,

raifed himfelf to a

advifeable for

his inheritance

for

the bride of royalty,

him

it

was only

though the fon of

him

who

what means was

it

him

that

for

through oppoling fwords.

if erjpire

fo often violated,

would

only was worthy of poflefhng

durft kifs her

That

it

and a beggar's difh

a ftaff

was an inheritance, by

till it fell

to his lot

power, and that the longeft fword was the b eft

as

title.

for his

own

founded upon

That, with the

with Shubiani

at all times, ready to difpute

he was,

former obfcurity, and

he had always confidered the right of kings

latter,

for thofe

Turkuman Fa-

that therefore,

to .retire to his

that Shubiani

Ifmaiel Suffavi anfwered.

part,

whofe bloffoms fhed the moft

kingdom, when there was no lord of

purpofe, he fent

for that

that,

bitter

defcended from kings to entertain thoughts of empire

true,

now

troops from fome

which produced

Chan replied, That

/even nations around him, to oppofe

be

his

of his dominions, upon which he had begun to en-

fkirts

fruits,

king

Ifmaiel SulFavi,

and

that,

though he himfelf had no opinion of contemptuous oftentation, yet

in
"

return

for

Shubiani's prefent, he

ipinning-wheel for his amufem.ent.

would be

his

own

had

As

fent

for

him

the

a gridiron

reft,

and

that Ifmaiel

meftenger.

Having

'509-

loo

Having

9%^

HISTOHY OF IlINDO'STA

TlfE

i^T:

(lifpatched this meiTagc, Ifinaiei immediately' calia^itficfe;^^

aimy, and, marching eailvvard, fubdued Chorraffan, and

to

Murve, before Shubiani Chan could make the

leaft oppofition,

Shubiani not being then prepared to ergage Ilmaiei,

marched out and gave him

IHimaiel, he

'Shulvani
and"ilainl"

battle,

defeated.

In his flight he had the misfortune

with about

five

hc could find

hundred princes and principal

lio outltt.

He

every

till

man

Chan Mirza immediately

Buduchfhan

to Sultan Baber,

now was

ing him, that

in'

which he

nions.

reco'c^Ms

marclicd, with

dominions,

^.-^j^

all

Chan Mirza.

he

v^-as

to get into a park,

from whence

oflicers,

he and

left,

his followers fought,

of them was laid dead on the

and went himfelf

Kunduz

to

re-'

field.

difpatched this importan-t ilews

fi-oHi

inform-

the time for recovering his former domr-

Baber accordingly, in the year nine hundred and

Baber

field,

was attacked there by Shaw Ifhmaiel,

and feeing no hope of efcape

fufing quarter,

the

in

But being feverely reproached by Shaw

himlelf up in Murve.

rtuit

vidvaric^id''

feventeeri,

expedition, towards Hifiiar, crofling the

Amu*

But a great army of Ufbecks being encamped

near that city, they were oblige^ to retreat to Kunduz.

C'emcncy cf
ilww^'

Shaw

Iflimaicl,

who had

filter,

at this time,

been taken'

in

fent

Chan Zad Begum,

the

fultan^S-

Samarcand, by Shubiani Chan, and

afterwards married by him, with

her

all

effecfls,

to

Kunduz; where

fhe gave fo favorable an account of the generous behavior of Sha^'

Ilhmaiel, that Baber

Babcr

fclicits

^ianlilthe

inflating

feut

him

him an

Ufbecki.

in order

HilTar,

in his

was induced

He

more

forces.

for his afilftance in re-

He,

dill

fpirit

purpofe,

mean time,

of enterprize, he marched towards

found the Ufbecks greatly fuperlor in force to

therefore declined to attack them,

till

This being done, he advanced to

and offered them

for this

In the

ambafl*adori with proper prefents.

where he

him.

hope

hereditary kingdom.

keep up the

to

to

battle,

he fhould

their

recruit

encampment,

which they accepted^ and Baber obtained

'"''C'^

* Tlie Oxus.
a

com-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

to which die bravery of

a complete vidtory,

Lot

Chan Mirza

greatly A^^.
^5J'^

^^^^^

contributed.,

tnrows the
Uitecks.
.

He

Aili

was,

Chan

few days

in a

after,

Oflagelo, Sharock

joined by

Chan

Ahmed

Sultan Sufll,

Afshar, and a fine body of ca-

Shaw Khfnaiel, by which his army amounted to

thoufand horfe.
With this reinforcement he marched tov/ards

valry on the part of

fixty

Bochara, and, after feveral fuccefsful aOions with Abdulla Chan, Takes Bo

and jani Beg Sultan,

fifteenth of

Regib

Samarcand* which

knowledged him

,pQ4re|i[ed ,l)imrelf

c^',

the fame-

yeajr,:

city furrendcred to

of that kingdom^ ,;.

Up9n

he marched from Bochara

him

this throne

refider^cei at

Samarcand,

Iflimaiel to return honie.

and appoiriied Nalir^

But he had not

above nine months, before the Ufbecks,

Timur

Sultan,

who had

vided Bochara between them.

Upon

to defend Bcchai-a^

derate princes, but being defeated,

within the

and to

retreat to

liged to ny to

njq

He

walls-.

'ifu

to the

poflelled

who had

Shubiani Chan, Jani Beg Sultan, and Abdulla Chan,

marched

Sarrar-

fove reign.

Turkeftan, advanced, under

fultan

'-vonji-'-'^'*

to

the third time, and ac- and

Mirza, his brother, to the government of Cabul, giving leave

Shaw

"^,pE'd;;r<^

cand.

Baber fixed his

troops of

;hp.

fied to

fucceeded to

who had

receiving thefe advices,

where he engaged
was obliged

di-

the

thefe confe-

to fliut himfelf

up

was, in the end, forced to abandon the city,

Samarcand.

Here he was again

bcfieged, and ob-

Lofes Bocha'"''^"'^

Shadman.
rniri

j-.t

^ui.'

Nigim Jani,, of Jfpahan, general of the kifiil,4^'^*. ^^''^

baches of Iran, advanced with an intention to polTefs himfelf of
Ba~
lich.

Baber, ever watchful to grafp at every thing favorable to

the
*^

ruling pafijon of his foul, formed an alliance with

very of his dominions.

from the

Uftecks^..

tpthefword.

Hq

Nigim

him

for the reco-

at
iVi 3 1^
'"^^'^^^ce

3n

wi;h

Sani having taken the fort of Kiriih gf''"air

put the garrifon, confining of

fif{ee;i thoufand,
then laid fiege to Gudgdewan, in conjunaion

with

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAC

102
A. D. ip8. vs'ith
Hig. 924.

the lultan, whither the princes of the Ulhecks advanced apariift

*
^

them, from Bochara, with

Br.ber and

adverfarv of Babcr,

overtiirown.

Aain,

teiuknts.

confpiracy

af|ainii

and the

Nor

Nigim

fiiltan

army

a great

obliged to

to

fly

did the misfoftuncs of Baber

attendants confpired againfl: his

bad behavior.

They

life,

Sh adman, with

from the enemy alone.

rife

for

made

of

He returns

to

affairs,

his efcape, naked,

had been

and reached

the fultan faw no further hope in thofe northern

poflefled

Cabul with

Mirza

to the

vernment of that country

government of Ghizni.
he marched towards

Having defeated

to

who

thofe mountaineers,

captivity,

he gave the go-

Chaja Kalian.

SECTION
of

a fmall retinue, an(^

by the Afghans of Eufoph Zehi,

infefting his country.

hi dory

but

In this

and carried fome thoufands of j:hem into

The

His

camp, and difperfed themfelves.

In the year nine hundred and twenty four,

Sawad and

dt-

and the

his arrival appointed Nafir

Bejoar,

was

regions, a.nd therefore fet out for

upon

the

having blamed fome of them

the fort of Arick before morning, without one attendant

fituation

few

rufhed, in the night, into his tent,

being alarmed by the noife, he

confpirators plundered his

ftill

Sani, with a preat part of his army,

ii

for

and fortune being

XII.

Sultan Baber, from

dred and twenty four,' to

his

the year nine hun-

decifiv^e

vidlory over

Sultan Ibrahim Lodi.

WHEN

Sultan Secunder, the king of Hindoflan, died, he was

fucceeded
in

as

we have

already related, by Sultan Ibrahim,

whofe reign the Patan omrahs became

tally

broke the power of that empire.

fo fa6lious,

that they to-

Sultan Baber reckoned this

a

good

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAK.

THE--

a good opportunity to eftablilTi himfelf in Hindoftan, the ccnquell:

A-^.^-

of which he had Ion? meditated, thoueh he was always embroiled

Meditates

ia Other

ofHindoiUn.

affairs.

Baber accordingly,

marched

army

his

countries in his

the year

in

crofiing the river,

Punjaab^ raifing heavy contributions for

He

from plunder.
csmbaffy

to.

had been

advanced

to

all

this

the

Berah in

with-holding his troops

an

\vi.:h

Ret^uces
^""i'''^'^'

Sultan Ibrahim, acquainting him, that as that country

many years in the poiTefiion of the houfe of Timur,

he fliould now relinquifh his pretenfions to it, and
into

pre^fp^p.t.th^ Wai^^ftpfQ^I^^

whom

"

fubdued

from Berah, Moulana iMurlliid

fent

five, inv^-ks H)%.

for

was proper

At

He

Nilaab, or Sind.

as far as the

way, and

nine hundred and twen-ty

i5'_9-

liis

it
lb-

country.

place Baber received advice of the birth of another fonv

He

he named Hindal Mirza.

appointed HafTen Beg,

go-

vernor of the conquered countries as far as Chinaab, and marched Marches

and befieged the

in perfbn againfl the Gickers,

whither Hati their chief had

tempted

obliged

them

to fly to the

Baber for

mountains.

fell

by

this

this expedition,

The

means

fort, in

to

and

which there was-

into his hands,

and he returned

fort,

ful-

which

faReturns to
Cabul.

CabuL

In the

latter

end of the fame year, Baber returned again to Hin-

doftan, with an intention to take Lahore, and' in his

fome Patans of the

He

tribe

of Eufoph Zehi,

built a fort at Pefhawir,

who

tnarching into Buduchflian, which obliged

Mirza xMahummud

way

diflurbed his march.

He

Chan of Kafligar, was

him to return, leaving

Sultan, one of the defcendents of

His fecond

chafiifed fnto^Hiadof-

and then advanced to the Sind.

there received mteiligence, that Sultan Seid,

Gickeri.'^

Gickers were, one day,

while he himfelf cut off their retreat to the

confiderabie trcafure,
tisfied

The

of Pirhala,

and were defeated by Doofl Beg, the

to take the field,

tan's general,

retired.

fort

Timur, with

four thousand horfe, to fupport his authority in that country.

He
had

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAM.

104

D. >s 19
Uig. 926.

had

however, reached Cabul, before he heard that Sultan Scid

not,

Chan had been

towards

make

tiie

Afghans, of the

tiibe

of Chizer Cheil,

depredations upon CabuUilan in

them

chafiifed

Baber, therelore, turned his face

obb'ged to retreat.

who

his abfence,

began

to

and fcvcrely
and returned

for their infole/ice, fpoilcd their country,

to Cabul.,

Baber*s third
i^ntcT'tlindof-

Baber, in the year nine hundred and twenty

^'^"^^

fix,

marched

towards Hindoftan, chaftifing the Patans in his way,

a thii-d
till

he

reached Salcotj the inhabitants of which country fubmitted, and

But the people of Seidpoor,

faved their pofleffions.

ftandard of defence, were, in the end, put

all

eredling the

to the fword,

their

wealth given up to depredation, and their children and wives carried

away

Baber was here alarmed, by intelligence from

captive.

Cabul, that obliged

Returns and

He

lus couptry.

him

to return,

marchcd

againfl:

for the

Kandharians had invaded

them, drove them out of the

ifivefled their capital.

dlhar,"^^"'

He,

in

Mirza,

in

the

mean

time, received advice of the death of

Chan

Buduchdian, and appointed his fon Humaioon to that go-

vernmeiit.

Shaw Beg,

the prince of Candahar, held out with great

bravery again ft Baber for thefpaee of three years, dnring which time
the fiege lafted.
which

Is

t^ken.

Baber,

and

all

who was

But

in

the year nine hundred and twenty eight,

obftinate in

his refolution,

at length

reduced

it,

the country of Garrumfere, appointing prince Camiran to

the governments

Soon

after the furrender

of Canda"har, Dowlat Chan Lodi, ap-

prehenfive of Sultan Ibrahim, fent a deputation to Sultan Baber,

Babcr's
fourth expediiion in'o
iiindoilan.

Cabul, begging
^^A^ thirtv,
y

liis

protection.

'

his army,
auG:met<id
j
o

Baber, in

the year

at

nine hundred

and advanced within

fix

crores of

Lahore, where Par Chan Lodi, Mubarick Chan Lodi, and Bicken

Chan Lphani, who wece powerful omrahs of Punjaab,

joined their
forces^

THE history' of HINDOSTAN.

and oppofed him

fr>rces,

but they were defeated ivlth great flaiigh- A^^^. ^52

Baber, in perfon, marched to Lahore, and took

fer.

io

it,

fetting fire Lshore

taken,

to the Bazar, according to a fuperftitious

The

king remained four days only in Lahore, and then advanced

^

garrifon forced

him

he put them

fuccefsful,
Alii

He fummoned

Debalpoor.

a<?ainft

"
the

cuflom of the Moguls.

the place to furrender, but as

rifque

to

an

aflault,

Chan, Ghazi Chan, and Delawir Chan,

him

at

ment of
rendered

which he was

in

his three fons, joined

Debalpoor, and the father was appointed to the governJallender, Sultanpoor,

him

and other

diflridts

of Punjaab, which

very powerful.

This Dowlat Chan Lodi was a defcendant of the race of that

narfte

who

He

heretofore reigned at Delhi.

were co!leted

Kharah

at

to difpatch a force againfl:

and prepared

that

them.

it

would, therefore, be advifeable

The

fultan agreed to this pro-

time, Delawir Chan, the youngefl fbn of

whom

Baber, v/ith

other Afghans,

fjnd a detachment that way.

to

he was

Dowlat Ch

gave to Sultan Baber

Mai Jelwani, and

information, that Ifmaiel Jelwani,

pofal,

Detal.

Dowlat Chan Lodi, with

to the fword.

all

^"'^

poor.

In the

mean

fufpefted,

Dowlat Chan, acquainted

great favorite, that his

father and

brother wanted to divide his troops, to put fome plan which they

themfelves had concerted, in execution.

convinced of the truth of

The

this information,

fultan,

after being

ordered Dowlat

Lodi, and his fon Ghazi Chan, into confinement.

He

Chan

then crofTed

confined,

the Suttuluz, advanced to Sirhind, and there releafed the prifoners,

and gave them

jagiers.

But when they had reached Sultanpoor,

they deferted the camp, and fled to the

this,

gave to Delav/ir

their jagiers

but

as

Vol. IL

the

title

of

The

fultan,

upon

Chan Chanan, and both

the father and fon's defertion greatly affecfled

HindoRan, he thought

Biber's interefl in

proceed to Delhi

Chan

hills.

this year.

He,

it

no ways advifeable

to

accordingly, returned to Lahore,

and.

efcapes,

THE HISTORY OF
A. p. 1524.
93

havins: appointed

f^ovcrnors to the different

kt out

poircdion in HiaJoflan,

hit's forces.

Chan Lodi found means

Chan Chanan, who had betrayed him, and

his Ton,

Defeats Ba-

marching with a formidable army

then

attacks

him.

Debalpoor,

againfl Salcot, but

Mir Abdul Aziz, of Lahore; immediately march-

what

forces

he had,

Much

fent five thoufand Sirwani

and meeting with

of Delhi, marched againfl Dowlat

them

Bidjwarrah, found means to

were obliged

to fly the

up

forces,

held

detachment of

all

his

omrahs of thofe

his

a fa(lion in his
as
to

fon.

Dowlat

having met them

and,

camp, and return

who had loft

Cabul, now arrived

^^^^

Chan and

that fuch

Sultan Alia ul Dien,

to

this

who

Lahore.

to

battle,

{iir

the imperial camp, infomuch

Baber

of Kokiltafli,

to the afiiflance

Afghans

about this time, an army, on the part of Sultan Ibrahim,

turned his army to give

Alia arrives
at Lahore.

to

Dowlat Chan

Afghans, defeated them, and returned

im

put hini' in

Kiflca to Lahore.

the government of Salcot,

to fcize

fought Sultan Alia ul Dien and Baba Kifka, and defeaiini?

o them,.'
^
fubdued that country.
Sultan Alia ul Dien fled to Cabul, and Balia

ed, with

vSuItan Ibra-

countiics in' his

for C.ibul,

Durintr Babcr's abfence, Dowlat

chains

nnN^D6STAl^.

own

favor

at
in.

were not difaffeded

Ibrahim.

his

government of Debalpoor,

in

Lahore, with orders from

parts,

to join

him with

all

their

and march towards Delhi, and that he would fupport them

in perfon as foon as his affairs at

home

and Ghazi Chan Lodi, hearing of

v/ould permit.

this order,

Dowlat Chan

wrote to the Mogul

omrahs, that they were glad to find that Sultan Baber efpoufed the
caufe of Alia ul Dien,

would chufe
therefore,

who was

the very

to raife to the throne of Delhi

fend

him

to

perfon they themfelves

;

that if they would,

them, they would undertake to place him

upon the Mufnud.

The

THE HISTORY OF IHNDOSTx^N.

The omrahs,

having

firft

107

obtained a grant for Sultan Baber, of^-Priig.

the countries beyond the Sind, permitted Alia ul Dien to join

all

'52?932.

Joins the cao

the Lodis himfelf, without complying further with the (ultan's or-

When

ders.

accordingly he arrived in their camp, Dowlat

and his fon fupplied him with the greateft part of their

which he marched towards Delhi, and

lated,

with forty thoufand horfe.

inverted

mean

In the

it,

with

force,

before re-

as

time,

Chan
Beficgcs
Delhi.

Sultan Ibra-

him advanced againft him from Agra, and was furprized, in the
night, when he had reached near the city ; but, by the irregular
behavior of Sultan Alia ul Dien's army, who, in the morning, difperfed themfelves to plunder, they were fallen

him, and defeated

in their turn,

great diflrefs, to Punjaab.

of Alia
ury,

When

upon by Sultan Ibra-

which obliged Alia

Sultan Baber heard of the defeat

which he had indulged

marched the

for

fome time

fifth

time towards Hindoftan.

Humaioon, with

good

in Cabul,

way

in the

abounded, and

He

ufed to hunt rhinocerofes,

fo

Many

He

and

thirty two,

was joined by

his Baber'^

fifth

into^'nindof-

took the rout of Lahore,

Vv'ith

which

that country

had an opportunity of putting the perfonal bravery

of moft of his omrahs to

cxercife.

'^^

and, in the

from Buduchflian, and Chaja

force,

Callan, with the troops from Ghizni.

and

Dien, he awoke from the dream of indolence and lux-

ul

beginning of the fpring, of the year nine hundred

fbn

to retreat, in Overthrown

trial,

as that

was

a dangerous

and warlike

of thofe animals were killed, and fome taken

alive

in toils.

Upon

the

firft

upon the banks of

oi'

of Rubbi ul Awil, Baber crolTed the Sind, and

that river, muflered his army,

only ten thoufand choice'horfe.

vanced to Salcot, where Sultan Alia

Mahummud
Hallin, the

Alii

dewan

Jung-jung,

which

confifted

CrofTing then the Behat, he adul

Dien met him, and likewife

governor of Cullanore,

and Chaja

for thofe provinces.

Dowlat

Croffe; the

TH^ HISTORY

io8
A. p.

515.

Z^'

Dovvlat

Chan and

lickly in the

>1HLND0STAN.

who reckoned themfeh es puhDicn, now lay upon tlie banks of the

Gliazi Chan,

vice of Alia ul

lei

01?

Ravi, near Lahore, with an army of Forty thouland men; but wlien
Tgts to fiight
the two Lo-

Baber advanced towards them, they fled; Dovvlat

.

Chan

dis.

Milwit, and Gliazi

Dowlat

inverted Milwit, and

taken.

It

the

to

of the

fl^irts

Dowlat Chan,

after a

to

hills.

the

ibit

of

Sultan Baber

few days, capitulated.

feems, that Ibme days before, he put on two fwords, and boafted

what he would do

Baber

to Sultan Baber.

now

ordered thofe two

fwords to be Jiung round his neck, and in that manner Dov/lat was

brought to his prefence

fultan forgave

When

all

but notwithftanding his behaviour,

his crimes,

the gates of the fort were opened, the troops prelTed in

in an irregular

mounted

manner, and began

his horfe,

and entering, was under the

a principal officer of his fon

which he was extremely

by

who were

He

Humaioon's

grieved, as

it

neceiTlty

upon

killed,

in

of ufing

retinue, with an arrow, for

happened by miflake.

the place, and preferved a noble library

had colleded, Dowlat Chan being

this,

tins occaficn,

means, faved the honor of Dowlat Chan's

this
all

Baber, upon

to plunder.

violence, to prevent their outrages.

fultan,

the.

and took him into favor.

a poet

and

man

The

fliinily,

which he

of learning.

Baber marched from thence the next day, and purfued Ghazi Chan,

when Chan Chanan, Ghazi Chan's

to
{

lhazi de-

feated.

him, and was honorably received.

means

to efcape

Chapihoon Chan, who was

detached in front, having fallen in with Ghazi, defeated him, and

purfued

Chan,

him
at

clofe, that

fo

Fatari troops

he was obliged

Dowlat Chan died upon

Delhi.

Baber having,

E^ber

brother, found

in feveral adiens,

his

own, determined

tempt upon the empire.

He

to fly to Sultan
this

Ibrahim

march.

perceived the inferiority of the

to delay

no longer

his final at-

accordingly marched tov/ards Dellii,

letters of encouragement, at the fame time, from a few

KsHs Ddhi having; fome
When he had
of the malcontents at the court of Sultan Ibrahim.

reached

THE HISTORY OF HiNDOSTAN.

Hamid Chan,

readied the hanks of the Gi2;er, he heard that

.

troops of thofe parts.

Baber,

^'to-

^s^^93'-

with the

front,

in

Humaioon, Kalian Hum ai con

fent

tlierefoie,

po--'^-'^-

him

tremor of Firbfo, was waiting to oppofe

109

dcfe;'ts a

Beg, Sultan Diiidi, Jehan Beg, Chufero Beg, Hindo Beg, Abdul
Aziz, and'

Mahumniud Alli jung-jung,

which they effeded, and returned

was the

firft

battle in

to drive

Hamid from

patan anny.,

his poft,

As

victorious to the army.

which prince Humaioon commanded,

this

his fa-

him the countries of Firofa and

an omrah of the party of Ibrahim,

ther was greatly rejoiced, and gave

Jallender.

Two

appeared

in

days after, N4eian,

fight,

and defired to join Baber's colours, with three

thouland Patan horfe, and was accordijigH' entertained in his fervice.

Baber having arrived within tv;o fcages of Shawabad, received in-

of Delhi to oppofe him, and that Daood Chan and

his

hummud
the

Chin Timur

and the fcjuadrons of

Sultan.

Juneid

with them ihe next morning

confiid, put
fell

number of

we

Daood Clian and Hatim Chan

The

in the purfuit.

Birlafs,

whom

after

to flight,

them

fell Defeats the

an obftinate

ium'sLmy!'

but the latter

and a great

they returned to Baber

are forry to relate fuch barbarity, put

and Shaw

accordingly

viflors took fevcn elephants,

with

prifoners,

and

at fun-rife,

ful-

the troops of

all

They

HaiTein Birlafs, againft this advanced polt.

in

The

Muedi Chaja, Ma-

Sultan,

Sultan xVIirza, Adil Sultan Tvlirza, with

left v/ing,

to death,

but he,

by way of

firiking terror into his enemies.

Baber advancing

to the field

ordering chains to be

"

made

of

battle,

encamped there

to link the carriages of his

o

to prevent the horfe breaking

through them.

fix

days^ Preparations

guns together.
>
to

The army

of Sultan

Ibrahim, by this time, conHfted of one hundred thouflmd horfe, and

a thoufand elephants
only.

When

that

of Sultan Baber,

Hatim Chan,

vanguard with tv/enty feven thoufand horfe.

tan immediately detached

^'^^^^'^'^

with a great army, had marched

telligence that Sultan Ibrahim,

formed

Baber arrives

of thirteen thoufand

Sultan Ibrahim had advanced near, Baber ordered five

thoufand.

^'^^

^ g^"fja'

engagement.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

no
A. p.
Hig. 932.

camp
^

thoufand horfe to ftorm his

enemy upon

their guard, this

the nisiht
o

in

but

;
'

findins:
^ the

detachment returned without attempt-

ing any thing.

This

retreat haftened Sultan

Ibrahim

marched next morning toPanniput.

vanced within
after,

fix crores

and accordingly he

to adlion,

Baber, at the fame time, ad-

of Ibrahim's encampment.

Upon

the day

being the feventh of Rigib, the two armies came in fight of

Baber forms

cach Other.

in'to^order of

divifions,

Baber divided

his troops into

with a body of referve

The

horfe to llvirmifli in front.

manded by

Prince

Beg, Sultan

Mahummud

and Pier Kulli

of Mirza

in the rear
firft

Humaioon, with

Mahummud

lines,

and four grand

of each, and a few light

divifion

on the right was com-

the fquadron of Chaja Cullan

Dewilde, Hindo Beg, Willi Beg Chazin,

The

Seiftani.

two

firll

on the

left

was under the orders

Sultan, with the fquadrons of Meridi Chaja,

Shaw PlafTein Birlafs. The

fecond, on the right towards the center, was commanded by Chin
Timur Sultan, Mirza Mahummud Kokultafii, and Shaw Munfoor.
The fecond, to the left towards the center, by Meer Chalifa, Tirdi
Ghazi

Sultan, Sultan Suneid Birlafs, and

Beg, and Mihib Alii Chalifa.

Chiifero PCokultafli,

Mahummud

Alii

command

the

Jungjung, and Mirza Soliman, were appointed to

Jight horfe, or herawils, in the front.

Abdul Aziz and Bar Tirrah,

in the rear of the right, and Kirrah Keri

in the rear of the left.
rear of both lines,

and that on the

pofi; in

-ders

Ibrahim
^^^^y^

Th'

that

left

Bahadur and Willi

Befides which, there

was

Kizil,

a referve in the

on the right commanded by Malleck Cafim,

by Alii Bahadur.

The king

himfelf took his

the centre of the firu line, after having perfonally given or-

to his generals.

The empcror

Ibrahim, ignorant of the

regular order of battle,

^^^*^"^"

but

drew up

his

art

army

of war, obferved no
in

one great

line,

or

unequal depth, and ordered them to charge the Mogul

battle

begins.

army, vainly imagining that he could bear them down by numbers.

But

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

iMt

found himfelf foon

lie

So formidable were the

fatally deceived.
J

from

Mo<;uls to the Patans,

their

known

and fceady order.

coura.2;e

that

Live

'S^S932.
The Indian
arm) broken.

^^J^Hig-.

emperor's unweildy colamn began to break and turn thin,

they

hc;fore

came up

which was dired:ed

to the charge,

the center

at

Thofe who advanced were repulftd with great

of the Mogul army.

bravery, but v/hcn they fouqht to retreat, they found themfelves

furrounded
line,
fell

two bodies of

for the

had wheeled round

upon the

rear of thofe

refcrve, in tiic rear

their lianks,

and meeting

who had advanced

means the Afghans were

almofi:

all

of the
in

the center,

to the charge,

cut to pieces.

Mogul

by which

The

referve

having performed this fervice, retired to their pofl in the rear, and
the

Mogul

lines

advanced, fjftaining various irregular charges from

whom

the Indian army,

they repulfed with great flaughter.

Sultan Ibrahim, at 1 aft roufed with fliame and indignation,

vanced

in

by the flower of

perfon, followed

fuch a violent

Mogul

to the

fl^.ock

Nothing now but perfonal bravery was

and the compadl form

in this,

wedged, they were

ftill

in

as

line,

his

threw

it

into diforder.

which the Moguls whole

but

force

was

Five thoufand

fuperior to the Indians.

s ultan Ibra-

army, and gave dl^Mogd"

decide the day

left to

ad-

^"

P^''^'^"'

fell Ibrahim killed

with Sultan Ibrahim in one fmall fpot of ground.

my, when

their king

fhore, and the

was

ilain,

hke

furges

from

ar-

total

rocky 3^^^

over-

torrent of flight rolled towards the banks of the

Jumna, dying the

courfe of that river with blcod

Baber continue the purfuit

gave hope to

recoiled

The.Patan

fear,

and

for fo far did Sultan

but being wearied vvith flaughter, he

refpite to death.

According to the m.oft moderate accounts there were fixteen

thoufand A.fghans killed in this adticn, though mcft of the Indian
authors fay

mation

fifty

thoufand.

conquerors having

number of their flain.

Of
it

the

lofs

of Baber v/e have no infor-

always in their power to conceal the

V7e may date from

this battle,

Patan empire, though that race, afterv/ards made

the

fall

many

of the
efforts.
,

and

The

falf
the Patan

empire^

oh

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

12

ip;. and recovered

D.

liig.

few vear?,

for

it,

as \vc (liall fee

in

tlie

life

"of

932.

Huniaioon.

Sultan Baber did

He

immediately

not

fail

make

to

beft

of his vidory.

ufe

detached Humaioon, and three

the battle

after

the

of his principal omrahs, to Agra, before they coiild have time to

recover from their conllernation, or to remove their
fent

Mahummud

Sultan,

polTcllion of that capital,

Hiber enters
aiTumes

tore

name, by Zein Sidder

^is

tiie

vifited the

where he

to Delhi,

alfo

to take

while he himfelf came up in the rear, and,

on the twelfth of Riglb, entered that

eaipire,

Arrives be-

and three other omrahs,

He

v^'ealth.

tombs of the

city.

The chutba

vvas read

and, after iiaving furveycd the city,

faints

and heroes, he

arrived the twenty fifth of the

out for Agra,

fet

fame month, and imme-

Agra,

which was

^j^^^jy Jnygf^e^i t:he fort,

in polTejlion

of the former go-

vernment, garrifoned by the troops of Raja Bickermagit, ofGualier,

who had

now

arms

his

But

been killed in the action.

fo

much had

taken polTelfion of every mind, that they immediately

and

him, by way of ranfom,

wiikh fub-

defired to capitulate,

sins

diamond weighing two hundred and twenty four

fent

it

to his fon

he was put

Iris arrival,

Humaioon.

Reflex'ons

and permitted

This conqueft of Hindoftan,

Sultan

away
as

all

day

after

treated

with becoming

her wealth.

in his

Com-

certainly fuperior to that of any former conqueror.

Mahmood

of Ghizni was not only a powerful emperor, but the

-f-,

greatly facihtated his enterprizes.

number of kingdoms, which

Shab ulDienGhori brought an army

of one hundred and tv/entv thoufandmen with him,

fifth

Baber himfelf writes

counti-y was, at that time, divided into a

Sultan Baber

was

queiioTHin- nicntaries
Baber

to carry

was

of the place, in which he fouRd

who was

the mother cf Sultan Ibrahim,

relpet,

Thus, upon the

in pofi^efTion

a perfect

ruttys*, vi/hich

formerly the property of Sultan Alia ul Dien Chilligi.

prefented

the terror of

rutty

is

when

the kin?-

feven eighths of a carat.

The Commentaries

of Haber are

Hill extant,

and reckoned one of

tiic

bift per-

foniiancss of the kind in the Eafl.

dom

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

idom was not

vaged Hindoflan when

.the

The

fo powerful.

like

was torn

it

army of Sultan Baber was but

Sultan Ibrahim,

who

poffefTed

Behar, and could bring

Baber only

all

may be

to pieces

by

civil

who

ra- A;^p- '52^

commotions. Bat

a handful in proportion to that of

the countries between the Sind and

hundred thoufand

five

of Timur,

faid

men to the

field

while

poor countries of Cabul, Buduchflian, and

polTefied the

Candahar, the revenues of which were very inconfiderable.

To what

then can

we

attribute this extraordinary conqueft, in a

natural light, but to the great abilities and experience of Baber,

tlie

bravery of his few hardy troops, trained up to war, for their fubfiftance,

and

now

fired

with the hopes of glory and gain

down

contributed moft to weigh

the fcale of conqueft, was the de-

generacy of the Patans, effeminated by luxury and

dead to
fad:ions

fhame

all

wealth,

and

principks of virtue and honor, which their corrupt

and

civil

difcords

no infamy

to fly,

to

fhame and the

love of

had

totally effaced

it

being

no breach of honor

to betray,

change

and no fcandal

When,

parties.

fame were gone,

it

hands of a few brave men.

governments,

This

if the reins are

to

now no
murther,

therefore, the fear

of
was no wonder that a

herd, without unanimity, order, or difcipline, fhould

in all

But what

fall

into the

the general tendency of wealth

is

not held fad, the laws pundlually

executed, and the progrefs of corruption checked both

by private

and public oeconomy.

Upon
was very
ded

it

the twentieth of Rigib, Baber went into the treafury, which

He

rich.

among

his

referved not a fingle dinar for himfelf, but divi-

omrahs and troops

the

fliare

of the former com-

ing to two lacks of rupees eachj and thofe of others were

portionable to their rank and ftations.

part

was

pro-

fent to Cabul, to

be divided among Baber's fubjeds, which yielded to each a filver fharoch

befides prefents, which he fent to Samarcand, ChorrafTan,
*
"^"OL.

II.

filver

fharoch

is

in value about a fliilling fterling.

Q_

Kafligur,

Caber's

ge-

114

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^^f;;

Kn(hgur, Ayrac, Mecca, Medina, Klrbllh, Negif, Muraad, and

holy

otlier

pi-.ices,

charity.

in

Tliis generofuy,

upon prodigahty, got Haber the name of

it is

The
cil

keep nothing

to

As

for

which bordered

a Colhnder,

whofe cuftom

to-morrow.

Patans were in great terror of the Moguls, and had a

natural antipathy to their government, they flill refufed to fuhmit,

provinomralis

t!ie

refufe to iu"o-

and appeared every where

in

arms, ftrengthening their

forts,

eredling the ftandard of defiance in their different provinces

zim,

in

Simbol;

Zeiton, in Dolepoor
hani, in Rhaberi

Nizim Chan,

Chan

Alii
;

Formalli,

Tatar Chan, in Gualier

Cuttub Chan,

in Biana

in

Atava

Allum Chan,

Raife

Ma-

But

rs

it

was neceffary

title

At

noge, advanced towards Agra.

who had joined

chief,

rents

to

mutual defence, they unanimoufly appoint-

ii-iroiT\/ri
of Sultan Mahummud
by the

king,

Calpee

All thefe orarahs refu-

ed Par Chan, the fon of Diria Chan Lodi, their general,

hfinniud to
the throne,

alliance for their

in

Chan Lohani, and Maroof

befides Nafir

acknowledge Baber's authority.

form an

Ca-

Mewat; Mahummud
Huffein Chan Lo;

in

Furmalli, on' the other fide of the Ganges.

fed to

and

Baber,

now

or, rather,.

and, rendezvoufing at Kin-

the fame time, Mai, the

deferted him, with

all

Afghan

his

adhe-

even the inhabitants of the country round Agra, cut off his

foraging parties, and rendered

cavalry,

it

very difficult for

by which

to fupport his

Add to this, the ingreat many Moguls, not

or fupply his troops with provifions

tolerable heat of the weather,

him

being accuflomed to fuch a climate, died.

^^^^ fituation

Baber's diftreistul 'it"^-

Qj^^j.^|-jg

tion.

a
Ilis

rclolute

behavior.

'

advifing
o

of

him

kingdom which had

be wrefted from

affairs,

to return to
coft

but

him

fo

Cabul

much

him but by death

iffued a proclamation, that

Hindoftan

Baber received an addrefs from

if

to v/hich

all

his

he replied. That
I

pains in taking, was not to

alone.

He,

he was determined

at

the fame time,

to abide his fate in

any perfon was defirous of returning to Cabul,

preferring fafety to glory, and ignoble eafe

to the

manly toUs and

dangers

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

3an^crs of war, they mio;ht retire in peace, and leave

him only
'

would

thofe whofe valor

honour on themfelves, and glory on

and country.

their king

The omrahs

hearing

were afliamed of

this,

him;

except Chaja Callan, whofe bravery was too well efta-

all,

to be difputed,

bliflied

of death, to

When

to the king.

him;

firit,

the rivers,

Chan

He

for the great fervices

it

willing to be

was appointed governor

which he had rendered

Timur had

to

Mewat,

to

redeem

his fons

Chan and Shech

then Firofe

come

om-

over to

from between Some

horfe,

which was accepted.

offered his fervice,

Formalli, from

done, fome

began

in favor,

firft

Shech Gurin, with three thoufand

taken in the battle

at the point

was known that Baber had determined not

Hindoflan, as his anceftor

who were

rahs,

though he was advifed, being

retire to recover his health.

of Cabul and Ghizni,

to leave

former beha-

their

fwore they would never forfake

and, ftriking their breafts,

vior,

Alii

reflect

^- '5^6.
Hig. 933.

Patan

The next was ovr^\o hfs

who had been P^*^^^'

Baizid Chirmali,

with their whole dependents.

Much

about this time, an addrefs was received from Cafim, of c^i^j^

Simbol, that Bein, an Afdian, was befiegine

that if

the fultan would fend

among

his fervants.

The

him

him

in his fort,

he would

fuccours,

lift

and

himfelf

king fent Kokultafh, v/ith a detachment,

that way, v/ho engaged Bein, the Afghan, and defeated him, after

which Cafim put the Moguls

in poffelTion

of the

The

fort.

kinp-rr
^ Humaioon
then fent his fon Humaioon, with the gieateft part of his armv ^^f^lies
,

n
againlt

11

the contederate omrahs,

againll the

whofe

forces

amounted

thoufand horfe; but, upon Hum.aioon's approach,

from Kinnoge

to Jionpoor.

Humaioon having

Chan, the former emperor's

king

at

Agra,

who

which induced

treated

vizier,

him

leveral other

to join

v^^ith

Afghan

they retreated

prevailed

him,

to fifty confederate

fent

upon Fatie

him

to

the

the utmoft refpedt and fwor,

chiefs

to

come

over to his

intereft.

0^2

Nizam

THE HISTORY OF HINUaSTAlK*

ii6
D. 1526.

iV.

Nizam Chan, governor of Biana, thouo;h he was now hard prefled by Rana Sinka, who wanted to make himfelf mafter ol: that
province,

rcfufed to fubmit to the king's authority,

flill

ged Baber

Baba KuH

to fend

againfl:

him with

which

which

a detachment,

Nizam

obli-

Niznm. go-

vvas defeated.

vcinor o(
Biana, fab-

extremities, that he fent a deputation to Sultan Baber, begging par-

don

But R.ana Sinka foon

for his offence,

was ready

lie

opportunity,

to

made no

hcfitation to

The

to fuch

king, glad of the-

embrace the

Rana, Nizam was put

upon him, with

fettled

reduced

and requefting he would fupport him, for which

pay him due allegiance.

a force to drive off

which was

after

all

its

and, fending

offer,

in poffeflion

of the place,

dependencies, for the an-

nual payment of twenty lacks of rupees.

The
lier

gcverpropofe

who were

Tatar Chan and Saring Chan,

of the

in poffeffion

fort"

of Gualicr, being befieged by Muckit Roy, raja of that country, in

to fubmit.

fame manner addreffed the king

Baber difpatched"

for fuccours.

Rehim Daad and Shech Gurin, with a detachment, which defeated

the raja, but Saring Chan recalled his promlfe, and refufed to deliThere was

ver up the place.

pher whofe name was Shech

number of

in the fort,

Mahummud

ftudents under him, and

who

at that time,

who had a great

to Rehim Daad, to

Gofe,

wrote

endeavour to get permiflion to come himfelf into the

he would

means of accomplilhing the

Rehim Daad,

Guzlier

Ibttagem^

find

all

for this purpofe,

begged

a philofo-

reil:

of his

leave, as

fort,

and that

defires.

he had enemies

around him, to bring his troops under protedion of the garrifon,

and that he might be permitted the ho-

for fear of a night affault,

nor of paying the philofopher a

agreed

to,

tendants.

Rehim Daad was

He, from time

quent meffages
governor

in

and out

fo often for leave,

vifit

in the garrifon.

This being

received into the fort with a

to time,
till

few

at-

pretended occafion to fend fre-

the officer of the guard troubled the

that he defircd

Rehim Daad

to fend

one
of

THE HISTORY OF HIND05TAN.

own

of his

want

to

fervants,

to point out fuch neceflary people as

have free ingrefs and

The officer
and who had

been

Rehim

and permitted every body

pafs,

by which means

all

availed himfelf of this order,

Daad's fervant pointed out, to

men

the chofen

of the detachment v/ere

within the garrifon before the entertainment was ended.

Chan was

told to give

death, in cafe of refufal

ftances,

up the

he made a virtue of

and threatened

place,

having

fo

'5 25.

a difclple of the philofopher,

into the plot,

let

he might

egrefs.

who was

of the guard,

117

fatisfied

ncceffity,

and

Saring

whh

inflant

himfelf of the circum-

replied.

That had he not

intended giving up the place to the king, he would never have been

unguarded

fo

permit his party to take

as to

cordingly fubmitted without refiflance,

and entered into the king's

going in perfon to Agra,

Mahummud

fervice.

and ac-

this advantage,

Zeiton,

at

the,

fame time, arrived from Dolepoor, and had a command conferred

upon him.

Not long

after

and other Afghans,

in the caftle

thefe

tranfadions,

raifed,

of Firofa.

Hamid Chan,

Saring Chan,

by a family quarrel, a great difturbance

The

king fent Chin

Timur

Sultan,

Abul

chafliled

both

In the year nine hundred and thirty three, Chajagi Affid,

who

Fatte

Turkuman, and

others, againfl:

them,

who

parties.

had gone ambaflador from Cabul

to

Shaw Tamas of

accompanied by Solinvin, and brought various

which

come

pleafed the king mofi, v/as

to maturity,

two

Irack, returned,

curicfities.

beautiful female flaves, jufl

of v^hom he became greatly enamoured.

mother of Sultan Ibrahim, vAio had been before the

rite

But that

in the feraglio, incenfed at this change in the

confpired with the tafter and cook to poifon him.

accordingly adminifcred in fome hare-foup

The

greatefl favo-

fiiltan's ufFeaions,.

The

poifon was An auenpt'

f^^''-^" '^a-

but the king, after eatJJ'^

ing

THE HISTORY
A

T>\

ijz6. jngr a

few fpoonfuls, naufeated the

which faved
tafler

his

and cook denying their knowledge of any fuch thing, the king

alio

brought to the
tafter

tj-jg

who

having eat of the foup, was foon

Two

and died.

feized with convulfions,

coifpi-

and immediately vomited,

taflc,

After proper enquiry had been made, tho

Hfe.

ordered a dog to be brought,

The

OF. HINDOSTAN.

of the under cooks being

expired in the fame

trial,

and head cook, with

manner

upon which

feveral of their afliftants,

were put to
*

rntors pu-

niihcd,

The

the torture.

Ibrahim

was difcovcred, and the mother of Sultan

plot

and

caft into prifon,

all

her wealth confifcated.

Sultan Ibrahim's fons was fent, at the fame time,

he remained

P'ince

Hu-

maioon defeats the con-

federate

One of
where

to Cabul,

in banifhment..

having defeated the omrahs

Princc Humaioon,

at Jionpoor,

leff

Syit^n Sumeid Birlafs to keep thofe *provinces in awe, and returned

^

om- himfelf to

upon

court, having,

his

way,

coifciliated matters

with

Allum Chan, governor of Calpee, who now accompanied him, and

was received with great

Baber alarmed l>y a confederacy

im.
agaii.

refped;,

"Yhc king was, at this time, fuddenly alarmed

Raua
j^^^.^,

Sinka, HaiTen

^ Chunderi,

by advices that

Chan Mewati, Raw Dedive of Backeri, Medini

Mahmood Chan,

the fon

of Sultan Secunder

Lodi, and other omrahs and rajas in alliance, whofe force exceeded

one hundred thoufand horfe,

ber, having

their's,

towards the enemy.

His van de-

upon the

frontiers

Bajoined

and with

His van guard

tcrror into the fultan's

Simbol,
general
*

of Biana, after a fharp

Were repulfed by the enemy with great

feated.

tigp.

who had

to defend different provinces,

own Moguls, hadcned

him.

his

falling

em

a^ain

to attack

no dependence on the Patan omrahs,

him, detached them

Marches

were preparing

army.

which ftruck unufual

Hybat Chan Neazi

fled

to

HafTen Chan joined the enemy, and every day brought

difagrecablc intelligence

pf

fmall

lofs,

conflidl.

Mahummud

from

Sherif a

all

little

quarters.

add

to

Nor

did the prediftions

the general confternation.

This

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

up

* was in the eaft, and

wizard averred, that Brifput
This pretended
r
r
confequently, that whoever marched from the weft ihould be over>

^- P- 's^e,
Hi. 933.

thrown.

The

king perceiving

panic, called, immediately, a council ^

this

council of
war.

'

The

of war.

greateft part of the officers gave

that, as the fuperiority of the

enemy was

to leave a flrong garrifon in Agra,

army

and

it,

evident,

to retreat

as their opinion,

was advifeable

it

with the bulk of the

to Punjaab.

Baber, with a difcontented afpe6t, fixed his eyes, in filence, upon

He,

the ground.

at length, fternly

the world fay of a monarch,

abandon fuch
**

the fear of death lliould oblige to

" The voice of glory," laid he, " is loud

Tr
and iorbids me to dilgrace my name, by giving up

kingdom
r

unavoidable,

**

to face,

*'

ignominious exiftence

*'

the hmits of the grave."

one

laft

than

fultan,

vow never

us

for

once,

acquired. But, as death

meet him with honor, face

few years of a miferable and

what can we

inherit but fame,

The whole aiTembly,

War! War !"

beyond

as if infpired

by

*'

having been formerly

to drink

mach addided

to v/ine,

made

any more, Ihould he, upon

wine

in

mind

cool for

adiom

the ninth of Jimmad ul Sani, of the year nine hundred and

thirty three,
line

Prohibits the

this occafion, prove the

Orders were immediately iifucd to prohibit the fale ,of
the camp
not fo much fi-om faperftition, as to keep the

vidorious.

Upon

conduct 0/
Baber.

rather

ffirink back, to gain a

foul, cried oat, at

The

let

is

at

intrepid

my ear,
what my arms have, with fo much difficulty,
in

<

whom

What would

alked the omrahs.

which happened

to be

Norofe

Baber formed his

of battle, with his guns and rockets, in his front.

*

The

planet Mars.

In that order

New- Year's Day.

he

c?ni"o.^

OF HINDQSTAN.

THE, HISTORY

120
0

he moved towards the eacmvj who

A. D. 1526.
"i?- 933-

Ma

ches to-

culmy.

But

cforcs.

camped

his

he had advancc4 one crore

altcr

army.

to flvirmUli Avith
whckijii

he. halted, and'

young warrior^ fond of

Several

themselv es, ifTucd put, under the .cpmmE^nd, of

,t|ie ^iieiTty'^s

j(cpiits

whei\

attack him.

his line

With great expedition,

fome days

Dien ChaUpha*

whom

thcmafiiier whlch- he had pniiftifed

in'

few minutes, was able

it

life

giTaros in the

'

artillery

the right,

2qo<'^t) -it'

center,

'if

ii^'

where

'

and center.

The

which formed

in -front of the whole,

and rocket-waggons were drawn

left,

tiiis

Before each of the brigades, a few paces in

aoother kind of Une with great intervals,

tl^e.

ul

different fititn*'

this ocari6h'%i^'f!ttgfe'i 'ii'Snnfe^

the fultan placed a fquadron of light horfe,

fronti

to receiVe

drawn up by Nizam

at large in this place.- -'^^

of the king's

Bab?r:pofl:ed himfelf.

chiefly

on account of circumftances,-

The iiKne'^which, Upon

brigades^, exclufive

H(f formed

B-aber reckoned his- ablefl: gene'ral ;''and

th^.fqrmer, /We.ihaU relate

his.tdttts^'vverfi' fcarcely' pitched,*

The army was

'order of battle being,,

order of

-biifc

before, and, in^al

the fhock of battle.

'

KaraJ

and marked out his

perceived the. cnt my adv^^indh^' Up^ (him:

The enemy

for

of.-.

Catim,

advanq0d guards, among,

they iid srcat /?;tecutioa.>i ,mi*rO o-3[\M .flUulojioJ

catBp'jit.ijthe village

cnf

dillinguifhing

Mahuromwd

fcfThei iultai^, aext'd^yr advanced .anothei'(CroiTe;

The

difiance of three

lay at the

up-

in- riire^'

d?vifibns;

guns were chained together, fo

'^that there was a kind of fortification formed againft the enemy's

cavalry.

Arnnnement
.<tf

The

xheiroops.

^^^j^^^^^

brlgad'C

immediately

dij^ Timur

troops of Soliman

tb"

thcTsright'of the center, '\vas'c6iri-

Sultan, confifting of his

Shaw, Shaw Munfur

Birlas,

own

tribe,

and the

Durvefli Mahunir-

mud

Sarban, 'Abdulla Kitabdar, and Doft-Aifheck Aka.

gade

to the left

The

bri-'

of ^the center was under the immediate orders of

Ailum Chan, the fon of

"S'uitan Beloli,

and compofed of his

own

troops,

THE HISTORY OF HI^DOSTAN.

and there of Sheick Zein Charii

troops,

121

Mahumniud

Siddir,

The

Tirdi-Beg, Shere Afgan, Araifli Chan, and Chaja HaiTein.

wing were commanded

two brigades of the

right

Humaioon, and

thefe the right

-of

by Prince

in chief

hand brigade

All ^' P933'

Piince

Hu-

confifted of the ^ands" thT^

"S^t wing.

Ahmed Eufoph, Hindo Beg Cochin,

Cafim, Kawam Beg, Awird Shaw, Willi

troops of Cafim Haffein Sultan,

Chufero Cokultafli, Mallec

Chazin, Mirza Combuzli, Peer Kulli

Chaja Puhvan Bu-

Seiftani,

Abdu Shukur, Soliman Aka, the ambaflador of Irack, and

The left hand battalion of Prince
HafTen, the envoy of Seiftan.
Humaioon's divifion was made up of the troops of Seid Meer Shech,
Mahummud Kokultalh, Chajagi Aflid, Chan Chaiian, the {on of
Dowlat Chan Lodi, Malleck Daood Kirrani, and Shech Gurin.
duchlhi,

The two

of the

brigades

left

wiag were commanded by Seid

Seld
tlic

Chaja

the

left

hand

whofe

battalion of

divifion

was compofed of

the troops of

Mahummud

Mahummud

AiU Jung-jung, and Kuttulack Kaddim.

Sultan Mirza,

Adil Sultan Adbul Aziz,

The

right

hand brigade was made up of the troops of Amir Angi Mogul,

Beg Atka,

Sittal

C'raj*
left

Chan, Kumal Chan, of the race of Alia

Jaii

Dien,

ul

Zadda Chermilli, and Nizim Chan Biana.

horfb of the left wing were commanded by Tirdi Beg,

Sultan Alii Chan, Shech

The light
Mumin Atka, and Ruftum Turkuman

Mahmood
Mahummud,
by

yefi^awils

About

-f*,

Cafim,
Buchfhi

took

pofi:

before

the king, with

wing

Sultan
all

hi^*'^'''^"i">'elf

apd a choice body of horfe.

The

guls, foon fell in

by

left

Chan, and Chan Bahadur.

ten o'clock in the forenoon the adion

the artillery.

/and

Jiflerat

and thofe of the

left

hand

was commenced by yhe

of the enemy, charging the right of the

to

Mo-

hand, with the battalions of Kokuhafli

Malleck Cafim, and made them give ground. But Chin Timur,
fultw's orders, incHning to the right with his brigade, took

tlie

* Captain-General.

Vol.

11.

-j-

31

AMs

dc

Camp.

bsttle

THE lilStORY OF nrNDOSTAT?.

122
^'^^'"^

^Hig 93*^

grou?(3;^^d

put them to

own

quite through their

tcr,
Baber's arm)

tlie light

flight,

being

upon the

falling

them with

horfe purfuing

The enemy,

line.

humerous,' cxtcnded their fiunks fir

down upon him from

the fuitan, and'' came

his figlif arid left

throwri'mfo'a

wing

ciVc^e.

of the PAtans

faults

manded'ihe

to fall back,

till

'iiT't'fHer3^,"

mined

to

acfl:

all fides..

Heoverw
t

h i"0 ws

after an obflinate refiftance

Mewat, was

'^^^"

them

like

* tion

with a cannon

(hot,

The

fuitjn

Raw

Luddive

among

the, dead.

>>'. -'C.A^:/ .,jr'.

afTumed the

fultan, iminediately after the vidorv,

Ghazi * J and,

as a

monument

he ordered a pyramid

field,

which, according

to perpetuate the

to be built upon< an

to the

title

of

'

of the bat-

eminence near the

The

aftrologer, after being,

feverely reprimanded for his falfe prediction,

was prefented with a

la,ck
'

memory

cuftom of his age and nation, was

ftuck round with the heads of the

vat

ff3re.{\,.

'

'tie,

Reduces Ma-

tje

Chohan,-' Kirim Sing,

'

afTimes the
title of Gha-

KalTeii

jflight.

and

powerful princes of the eneniy, were numbered

all

Chin Timur and

rufliing fromahis.

Mannuk Chand

Rai, Chiinder Ban Chohan,

dster-

alTaults,

quite out of the field.

put their whole army to

killed

Baber orderctl

among them.

lie

nf5ff5rfT

The

Rumi, who com-

therefore put himfelf at the head of the brigades of

Allum dian, and charging them

time,

the repeated af-

refifted.

'hT^k-ihg great fl<iughter

to drive

menn

beyond, the win"-s of

three o'clock, Alia Kuli

offensively,

great flaiigh-

in the

Baber finding the enemy fatigued by their repeated

^

fury,,

by which means His army was

Ih thi& pofition he

'

with Mgreat

afiuildnts

flain.

of rupees, and banifhed from the kingdom.

.1'.

Baber, from this fortunate

field,

marched towards Mavat, where

Nihar Chan, the fon of Haflen Chan, feeing no other means of

fafcty, fiibmitted

himfelf and the country to the king.

The

go-

vernment of Mavat was conferred upon Chin Timur Sultan.

*- Ghazi Signifies a warrior.

After

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

123.

After thefe tranfadions, Baber returned to Agra, from whence he

Humaioon

^ent his fon

to Cabul,

^^J^- J^5^7-

with orders to add Bahch to that Humaioon

fent

own name.

province, and to rule both in his

Mahummud

Tirdi Beg, and Kotch Beg, were ordered againfl Haffein

who

Difia Chan,

ftill

drowned

in crofling the

hummud

Sultan

againfl Bein

Upon

who iled

Afghan,

fame time

at the

But

and HafTein Chan was

fled,

Jumna, while Diria Chan efcaped.

Mirza was detached

Ca-

Chan and

kept pofleflion of Chandwar and Raberi.

upon the approach of the Moguls, they

to

Alii, bul.

to

Ma--

Kinnoge,

thence to Cheirabad.

frofii

the twenty ninth of Zihidge, in the year nine hundred and

thirty four, the king

marched

to

hunt towards Kole and Simbol.

Having diverted himfelf with the chace

to his capital, and was taken

foon recovered.

He

ill

of.

for

fome time, he returned

a fever, of which however he

then marched towards Chinderi, where

Me- ^^^^^ invefts

Chinderi.

mut

deni Rai had

The

place

was

himfelf up with a Itrong garrifon of Rajaputs.

and the Rajaputs

inverted,

fallied out,

and attacked

the king, but they paid dear for their raflmefs, and

men upon
fort)

the

feeing

Thofe who returned

field.

no hopes of defending

it

loft fix

thoufand

longer againft the enemy, ac-

of their

chiefs,

manner.

They

placed a fword in the hand of one

and he flew the unhappy viftims, who, one

another, bent, of their

own

accord, their necks before

The

foldiers

feftivity,

and throwing

forth with their fwords and fliiplds,

all

wives and
children,

him j they
firfl

then threw a yellow powder upon their gar-

ments, as on a day of

which they

M"'"'^^'' ^Y^'^

after

even contended among themlelves about the honor of being

llain.

faiiy.

after this defeat into the

cordine to their dreadful cuftom, murdered their wives and children

in the following

Thebefiegers
defeated in a

obtained.

loofe their hair, ilTued

and fought

Tlie empty fort

fell

after that death,

into the hands of the

^re^n
"
1111.

Moguls.

'1..

Advices were, about this time, received, that a detachment, which

had been fent

againfl the

omrahs of the

E aft,

was defeated.

The
king.

Bater defeats

J" eS!"'^'

of hindostax.

the: history

124

^*^? Hlflss therefore, left

and grandlbn

him*

in

of- Saltan Nalir ul

the jiver,

lie

lie

met

threw over

^,j.,be.r

thcra,-

it

enemy being then on

the Patans gave way

childj^n.,hfiol

oH

^:

ni^

zirl

king, after this viiftory. Hunted, for

banks of the Gang,

Mahummud Zeman

to.-

Ghin Timur was

a bridge of boats.

oh^q nwo

Arrives at

in pcrfuiD

the oppofite

but Chin

took pai t of their baggage, and a great num-

pf their won>en and

The

marched

his defeated troops at Raberi, and arriving

After a faint refiftance,

Tifnur piu fuing

Shliw,.

Dicn Mulavi, who had now joined

ordered to crofs in the front, the

lliore.

Malwinnawd

fon of

tlic

the government of Chinderi, and

uards Kinnogi.
at

Ahnied Sbaw,

jind

9fii

ic'^a -"^OBlq

few

a-

ul

nvjdi

days,

b^i:^!*

upon

the"

Me

appointed

Zeman

Mirza, of

then returned to Agra.

Mirza, the fon of Budeli

b-j^uHiJm

oJ

Balich, governor of the city, and, in the year nine hundred and
thirty five,

Makesa

p-o-

f/u4iier.

marched himfelf

to forvey the country.

He

firft

took

the foute of Gualier, and viewed there the fortibcatione, the ftone

Man

elephant, and the palace of Raja

Sing.

He

then viftted the

Rchim Daad, and ordered fome flowers and plants, oS.

He went to woran uncommon kind, to be tranfplanted to Agra.

gardens of

Ihip in the great Mufgid, built by ultan

Returns tS
Agra, and

for

whofe

^her way,

The

faJisfick.

foul

he ordered prayers

to

ui

Dien Altumfh,.

be read, and returned, by

arK>-^

to Agra.

fultan, foon after his return

termitting

Shumfe

toAgra^ wa$ feized with an in-

which continued upon him

fever,

for eight months.-

Some fpperftitious people advifed him, during his ficknefs, to write

poem in praife of Chaja Abud Ahrar, one of the faints, to induce
him to intercede with God for his health. Baber, though it is^
ft

highly probable he did not give

faint,

actually wrote the

poem,

much

in

credit to the pow-er of the

the meafure of

or,RifijeIrJV^vi^ddif^,,i!yd lu sni.ngt/\ -mi

:H

oi

anlo^^o

tj^fse^ 3d)

Mowlani Jami,

li^ib iiUav.i*.

v...>i

or b^onfivhn ^^mh bnoo^ b lodls^oi

y.y'l.i

THE HISTORY- OF
"'The
.

kim
^

fecovered

diforckr a,bout

a great feaft

He

upon the occafion.

prefents atn,ong the

omrahs

fe/livah

During

Mow-

al Sier,

Canoom, who came

Herat, and were efteemed the greateft geniufles of that age,

He

introduced to the king:

4ered then> pkces near

loaded them- with

and

or-* His genero-

icimed men.

governed Moultan, was,

to go againfl Nuferit Sh^w.

this year,

ordered

Nuferit, hearing of the Mirza Afh-

approach of the Moguls, fent an ambalTador

o.f

favors,

were;

and having exhibited the tokens of obedience, he was

commanded
l:jimfelf to

his,

from,

o\vn perfon,

liiis

who

Aflikari,

court,

to?

the royal authority.

Ahmednagur,

at the

to the king,

Barhan Nizam Shaw

fame time fent

fubjevlinga gainft Nufe-

Beri, prince who fubmlts!

to congratulate Baber

on

his

'fjobiftu

good fortune, and proffered obedience.

Baber, towards the clofe of this year, received advices that Sultan

Tea?.

iVid foreign at.xxbaffadors,

Chandatnire, the aut>>or of the Habib

lana Shah Mamrnai, and Mirza Ibrahim

MilKa

1).

diftribu-

and beftowed large fums to gladden the hearts of the poor.

tliis

A-

93)...
eftoration of Recovers,
^^'8-

heahh, and made

tect rriagnificent

izj
of Ribbi

ilic eiijhth

'

Xie ofJereci up public thanks to Goti for the

m1 Awi'l.

his

fror?i his

HINDOSTA]>^.

Mahmood,

the fon of Secunder L.odi, had polTelTed himfclf

infurrea;
^char

in

of"
Moultan.

the province of Behar, and that Bellocha had ereded the ftandard

o/ rebellion in Moultan.

The

king fent orders to his omrahs in the

nOFth-weft, concerning the affairs of Moultan,

When he

fon to-wards Behar.

Pien Shirki prepared

Mahmood

to

Mahummud Zeman

the conqueft of Behar.

out of the

But a few months

The king

per- B^ber

after,

the Afghans

c>f

Behar,

Mirza was detached

He

fbon drove Sultan

Behar, coUei^ing tbem-

advanced to the Gang, oppofue to Hi-

detjiched Afhks-rj

S"/'^'^'"

and was ho-

field.

ielves together a fecond time,

deri.

in

arrived at Kurrah, Saltan [ellal ul

a royal entertainment for him,

nored with his prefence.

from Kurxah

and marched

Mij^a with a

divifipn

of the
troops

Defeats the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

J26

9^^6^

troops to oppofe them, and next day folioweiS' that oflicer with

whole army.

enemy on

When

he came to the banks of the

Chin Timur begged permiffion

to

go

As foon

before.

another place, appeared in the enemies rear

The

diately took to flight.

as

crofs

but

he made

who had

landing good with eighty horfe, Mirza Alhkari,

at

and faw the

river,

he was preparing boats to

the oppolite bank,

tlie

lus

crcfTcd

and they imme-

king, after this action, left Sultan Ju-

nied Biilafs to profecute the war in conjunction with Nuferit Shaw,

and returned to
his

Tranfaaions

He

the rainy feafon in Agra.

way, Shech Eiah,

niri,

in Cabul.

pafs

at

vifited,

Monier, the father of Shech Sherrif

upon

Mo-

and carried him to court.

Humaioon having left Mirza Hindal

to govern in his abfence, re-

turned about this time from Cabul to

Chan of Argund, took

and fent Mirza Hyder

this

Sultan S'eid

opportunity of invading Buduchflian,

DughelafF,

upon the approach of the enemy,

where he was

his father.

vifit

to

attack

Hindal,

Minkilla.

retreated into the fort of Zifter,

Sultan Seid of Argund, finding that he could

befieged.

not reduce the place, and that the inhabitants would not join him,

ravaged the country, and returned home.

But

as

the news of his

had not reached Agra, the government of Buduchflian was

retreat

beftowed upon Soliman Mirza,

who

fet

out immediately for that

province with a letter from the king to Sultan Seid Chan, expreffing
his furprize at hoftilities, for

which he could not account, but by

fome mifbshavior of Mirza Hindal

that,

therefore,

he had

fent

another perfon, who. was allied to them both, to fupply his place.

When

Soliman Mirza arrived, he found the country

quillity,

and took pdreiTion of the government, which

have kept

to this day.

Mirza Hindal returned

iBn'^j;nryj

The

fultan

falls lick,

In the year nlnc hundred ^nd

j^jg

in perfed: tran-

ill

to

his family

Agra.
Lav/ hny-

thirty fix,, the fultan fell fick,

diforder -continued daily to gain ftrength, in fpite of the

.of medicine.

Defpairing at

lafl

of

life,

he recalled his

and

power

f<in

Hu-

maioon^

-inaioon,

pointed

TUE HISTORY OF HI.NDOSTAN.

127

whq was

'53-

him

the fort of Culiinf^cr, and ap-

then heCKinn^

Upon Monday,

his fncceljor.

Jcmmad

ine fifth of

ul

tliat

According

hfe which he had fo often expofed in war.

body was carried

his will, his

and interred

to Cabul,

a holy

in

in and die.

Awil, in the year nine hundred and thirty feveh, he refigncd

peace

to

pulchre.

What fliall we fay of Baber,

*Iived
He mounted a throne at

the

twelve years of age,

'nbiis 'turns of fortune,

wonder of the age 'in which he

He

reigned thirty eight.

'anjcJ,'"*'tt*i*lh

va-

prince of His huma-

w'^^^'a'

great humanity,, and he carried his generolky to luch extefs; that

With

bordered upon prodigality.

pardoned ingratitude and

He

evil.'

the wicked the worlhipers or his

He

tlian to the marvellous"

yielding

in

of,,

^j^uM^ He
*

more

wrote

tenets His rdieJon.

He

which

due

was

tranflated,

fuper.ficial

In the arts of Poetry,

in

the

reign

in the

to the

iudizss

Writing,

Mogul

of Ackbar,

Chanan, into the Perfian language, and from

the preceding hiftory of the

life

it

wc have

'aiid Ki-fr^nlas

^"^

language,

'

'Stion

he was

eafy,

ti ^ul h^lWj

His countenance was

facetious,

by Chan
abridged

of Baber..

In his perfon, he was fomething above the middle

and well formed.

and. affable.

'

and ceremonies v/hich

of the

own Commentaries

is

was

with-fuch elegance and propriety, that they are univcrfally admired.

This work

oiJisini-i"

to the evidence of reafon,

for the benefit

He was a m after

made

anrd^

legends of fuperftitious antiquity.

on found policy

things.

a princi-

whofe dodrine and

great Creator, nor a defpifer of thofe laws

make

virtue.

not, however, forgetful of that rational worfliip

a^e founded

fo often

thus difarmed vice,

was of the fed of the Hanifites,

^^e was perfedly verfed

to

it geiusrofity.

he

firft,

he feemed

treafon,, that

ple of rendering o;ood for

"

refped: to the

His ch?,rac-

pleafant,

'|-inr^}-n

fize,

and

nervous,
in

difpo-

v'v^

lui.'*"'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

liS

D.

To

i!;3o.

"'g- 937Hiiju'l'Cf-

his reputation for

eftablilli

jufiice

we

and honor,

(hall relate

one

Whfen he was prince of Ferghana, a

out of rtiany.

iiiftance

rich caravan of Chitta and China,

of

Indija,

was buried

and bring the owners, or their

at the

heirs,

croflln? the

ordered

all

the goods to be

to proclaim

to his court.

mountains

the accident,

Upon

their ar-

end of two years, he entertained them hofpitably, and

them

returned

He

fnow.

in the

and lent meflcngers to China

colledted,

rival,

which was

all

their goods, iiot only refufing to accept a prefent,

but even to be reimburfed for his expences.

Notwithftandiug liis great vigor in war, he was

Adtlifled to

^icafme.

and women, and

^jj^e

pofe
*'

*'

upon which

Jovial

maidens

" joyed

!"

freely,

and

days

Enjoy

He

then would

feafl his eyes

make meriy,

to

fill

wias infer i bed a verfe to this pur-

Blooming

freely,

to

to

He

the fafliionable pleafures of courts.

all

dbmetimes ufed, when he had an inclination

a fountain with wine,

much addided

fprings

Baber, for

fit

down

Old wine, and young

life

not twice to be en-

is

in the midft

of his friends, drink

oh the daughters of beauty who danced

befwe him^
Whitherfoever he marched, or rode, he always had the road
meafiired after him.

4oftan to this day.

This cuftom obtaihs with the emperors of HinHe made a flatute concerning the meafurement

He appointed
of diftances, which has hitherto remained in force.
*.
a,hundred tinnabs to one crore, each tinnab heing forty guz

His

With

talents

for war.

refpe6l to his military charader,

^
that could equal him.
;eafy,

by

his

he

^ems
o

to

have had few

rendered the ,moft dangerous enterprizes

undaunted courage and perfeverance, which

all difficulties,

.his adverfity,

He

role

above

and made him much more the objedtof admiration in

Nor did he forthan in the height of his profperity.
*

guz

is

not quite an En;lifh mil^.

get

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

ffct

...

liimfelf

i^z%

the latter, but always behaved with that moderation

ill

"'g

and equanimity which chara6lerizes

We have already traced Baber's defcent fromTimur

the founder of a great dynafty,

it

937-

a great foul.

vAW be proper

but as he was His

genea

to follow his ge-

The great Chingez Chan, the

had four fons of renown, who were all

nealogy furdier back into antiquity.

fon of PifTuka, the fon of Pirna,

Their names were Oktai Chaan,

kings, and the fathers of nations.

Chigittai

Chaan was nof the

his fucceffor,

eldefl fon, yet

he was, by his

of wine, ia the year

Chigittai

father,

appointed

and ruled in Kirrakerim and Kilwaran, which were

the original territories of Chingez Chan.

cefs

Though Oktai

Chan, Judgi Chan, and Tooli Chan.

fix

hundred and

Chan, the fecond

ulnere, Tarkiftan, Balich,

of the family.

his

thirty nine.

fon, poffefTed the

kingdoms of Maver-

and Buduchfhan, and became the greateft

Kirrachar Nuain,

Timur, was one of

Oktai Chan died, by ex-

who was

omrahs, and,

the

at length,

fifth

anceftor of

captain general of

The

genealogy of Kirrachar runs thus

Timur, the ^. ^

The family
fon of Amir Jiraghai, the fon of Amir Birkit, the fon of Alingar Ba- of Timur, or
all

his forces.

hadur, the fon of Abhil Luian, the fon of Kirrachar Nuian, the

foil

ofSagungi, the fon of Ibumgi Berlafs, the fon of Katchuli Badahur,

the fon of Jumnai Chan, the fon of Bacfinker Chan, the fon of

Chan, who, by the mother's

..lady,

from

Vol.

it.

fide,

whom Chingez Chan

v/as defcended

Kidu

from Bafinger, a

derived his pedigree.

THE

13'

THE

HISTORY
HINDOSTAN,
O

PART
The

V.

Humaioon,
Baser.

Hlftory of the Life of

the

Son of

SECTION
The

reign of

N'^ASIR

ul

I.

H u m a o o n,
his
HiNDOSTAN.
till

Dien

after the death

Mahummud

from

expiilfion

Hum ai oo N,

immediately

of Baber, mounted the throne of his father, Maluinfmud

in Hindoftan.

He

was a great aftronomer, and took much

delight in judicial aftrology.

ment, and named them

He

after

fitted

up feven houfes of entertain-

the feven

planets.

In each he gave

public audience, according to the ruling planet of the day, ordering

all

the furniture, paintings, and

upon him,
ftar

to bear

of the houfe.

came

to

fomething

He

A. D. 1530.

who

.alfo

the dreffes of thofe

th'at

was an emblem of the

even endeavored to

fuit

waited
tutelar

the people,

v/ho

pay their refpedls, to the fuppofed influence of the planet,

which prefided over the time of their attendance. In the houfe of the
S 2

Moon

"JJa[Xo-

non^^i"-

THE HJ5T0RV' OF HINDOSTAN.

/32

Moon^met forciojii ea^baflTAdois, travellcrsj and poets.

attended him ill the houfe of Brifput *, and judges,

\\P-

Secretaries,

were jficeivcd

in that of tlve

Jfi']

when

peace,
Dchgrs of

tlie

Such only

when hk

brother,

'

Humaiooir"

fuited the days of.

He fcarcely
Mi ra* Cam ifran, who

mind might enjoy her harmlefs

had. ascended the throne,

'f*.

io norlt'jil'

But" the. urgency of impOi'tant affairs di^ not permlc

to follow long thefc innocent: whims.

and

lawgivers,

Recorder of Heaven

iw ,*uaidO

^iv

Military mer\'

follies.

his brother

againii him.

was then
Punjaab;

formed a defign of making himfelf maftcr of

Ln Cabul,

To

conceal his irttentlons, he gave out, that he was go^

ing to Hindoflan, to congratulate

The
^.11^,..

havior in thofe countries through

^,.gj^^]y yj^^jjjjj^g

him govern

acceffiOn.

which he

make war upon

to

Punjaab',

Piflitiwir,

pafledy and bfeing ex-

his brother,

Lemghan; CabuT,

confented to let
Caiidahar^ and-i

This efFedually flopped the progrefs of Mirza Camiran.

Biana.

The

his

king being, however, apprized'of Camiran's views, by his be-

Lmvoji

r.-omotlons.

Humaioon upon

king, in the

mean

upon Mirza Hindal,

time, conferred the government of Mewat'-

his brother,

and appointed Mirza Afkari

of Simbol, the other provinces being"

left

to that

in the pofTeiTioti 'of the-

tbrmer fubas.

*
'

Humaioon
cwiinger.

.Humaioon,

army

in the year

nine hundred a^id thirty eight, led ah

againft the ftrong fortrefs of Callinger,

While the king

carried

on the

fiege,

and invefled the

Mahmood,

placet'

the fon of Sultan

Secunder Lodi, in conjundlion with Bein Afgan, took poffeffion of

Jionpoor, and kindled
aoill-.(i5^having

the flames of war in the

received intelligence of thefe

^^^'""'"^

before Gallinger,

marched

eaft.

Humaiqpn,

commotions, decamped from

to Jionpoor,

in

a pitched battle

'

over-

threw^ the Afghans, and, reinftated Juneid Birlafs in his former go^
riienf

10

of that provmce.

r.,o.-.n*o1.nidiv

cb"0 \o ^onv>o.q

arfj

ni z\^^r,6\ ^no.^

vn^v^fi ei

^ht^UO

iifheiultan,

after this fignal

vidlory'/ returned to Apra,

and bb-

liowed chelats upon above twelve thouland of his courtiers.

the

in

mean

Chinar

tiiarchedllis army, that

liie;wais

^being refufed,.

When Humaioon

way.

This obliged him to patch up

fpears.

the -Ion: of

whom

Sh ere Chan,

and. f^ .f^tajfn toiijs. father .at

ChLn^^

Mahummud Ziman-Mirza, the grandfon

J
f
alpired ,tp t^ tnrone> and was lupported

omrahs of

Chigittai..

the conlpiracy pardoned

The
:

make
^

t ^

his pretenfions

by the

was difcovered, and the leader of

But Humaioon finding him, a fecond time,
to be confined in

Orders were given to put out the eyes^ef

Sultan an^ Nuherit Mirza, for being the principal abet;

of the prince's ambitious defigns

but the perfon, to vi'hom

it

intrufted to inflid this punifhment, faved the eyes of the forto efcape to. Guzerat,

raud Sultan, by the aid of his fons

AH Mirza

formed a party, was carried away

by about

fix

to

and Shaw

jVIahum-

JVIirza,

Kinnoge, where he

wa.s

who

joined

thoufand Moguls,^ Afghans, and ^ajaputs,

Humaioon
manded him

fent to

Bahadur, the governor of Kinnoge,^and.comr -Rebellion

to deliver

up

Mahummud,

but he rejected the orders^'

an infolent manner, which obliged the emperor to march againft

him.. Bahadur had, .about

* Chinar
Benaris
pire,

^. co'^fp'racy

plot

him

is

a.very

after

refolved to wreft the fort of

flrong fortrefs in the province of

Both Shere Chan aod

aod had,

this time,

S-ultan

OuJ, whh in.,

his feicape,

me?, while the. latter found means

in

f^i-'^i-"^~

difcovereJ.

of Biana.

Mahummud
was

-*

Sultan Huflein Mirza/

meditating treafonable pradices, he ordered

thci fortrefs

f^j^^fl

Agri?.'

the empefor ht\d

of
11
m

tors

faltan Chinar.

lay before Chinar,

taken as an hoftage, found means,^ ort the .way^ to

th<3

peace with Sh^re Chan, and to return 'towards

of- a

^^ttAib Ghan>

He,

informed, that Sultan Bahadur, of Guzerat, had turned to-

wards him: the points of his

a^kind

which

*,

53'-

demanded ^^^^^^

time, difpatched a herald to 5here Chan, and

pofieffion of the fortrefs of

^-..P'

feven crores of,

Bahadur Were governors under the former em-

the death of Ibrahi-m, alTuajed independence.

Chitor

at

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

134
A. p. 153^llig.

939-

Chitor from Rana Bickermagit. Rana threw himfelf under the ^pro
te(ftion of Humaioon ; but the emperor, for what reafon is not
_

known, having advanced

encamped

as far as Gualier,

months, and returned, without effecting any thing,

Bickermagit, defpairing of

/um

hadu"^^'

of money, to Bahadur, which induced

Sultan Bahadur, whofe affairs were

now

him

to raife the fiege.

in a very profperous fitu-

contempt of Humaioon, by advancing the confpirator

mud

Ranti

by the reduction of Mendu, and other places, began to (liew

ation,

his

to Agra.

two

crown, and a confiderablc

fent a

relief,

there for

He

to great honors.

prompted Sultan Alia

alfo

ul

Mahum-

Dien, the

fon of the emperor Beloli Lodi, to attempt to poiTefs himfelf of the

He,

throne of Delhi.

made Tatar Chan,

for this purpofe,

the fon

fends an ar-

of Sultau Alia ul Dien, his general, and difpatched him, with forty

Humaioon,

thoufand men, againft Humaioon, with which he fubdued Biana,

and advanced to the environs of Agra.

This preiTing danger awaked the^king from

his lethargy.

He

im-

mediately fent Mirza Hindal, with a force, to oppofe Tatar Chan.

When

the armies approached one another, there was fo great a de-

fertion

from Tatar's

troops,

that,

thoufand horfe fcarce remained

thefe,
v.hich

is

to (land

to-

^yj^g

his

totally

tally def-at-

-after

oflicers

the

him.

fpace

He

of ten days, ten

however

rcfolved,

with

ground, and give battle to the imperial army,

ovcrthrowR,
,

hundred

ed.

to

in

loft

the moft of his troops, three

^

of diftindlion, and his

this vidory, retook Biana, and

all

own

life,

Mirza Hindal,

the other places which had

before fillen into the hands of ihc enemy, and returned in triumph
to Agra.

Bahadar
againii
'''^*

Sultan Bahadur, in the year nine hundred and forty, marched', a

fccoud time, towards Chitor

and, in

tlie

mean

time,

Humaioon

ordered a fort to be built in Delhi, on the banks of thejunina,

which he

called

Dien Panna.

He, fjon

after,

marched towards
Saringpoor,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTA.N.

135

Saringpoor, which then held of Bahadur, as fultan of Guzerat, and

wrote to him
of a kin?.
ner

this

940.

was founded the miferable witticifm contained

The words

in the verfes.

were, "

thou plunderer of the city of

m what maimer canft thou conquer the

**

Chitor

**

thou wouldft

wifli to

conquer Chitor

manner the king comes

g.

Hioon
punning couplet, unworthy of the dignity and ma^efty Humnic
m a
Chitor, in the Perfian language, fignilies, m what man- punning

and upon

-^^P^- ^533-

to

idolaters?

For when

thou know'H: not in what

conquer thee."

Bahadur anfwered Humaioon in his own ftrain, and in the follow" I, who am the plunderer of Chitor, will conquer the
ing words

Bal^acur's.

**

idolaters
in

by valor

and he who dares not fuccour- Chitor,

what manner he himfeif

wretched on both

fides

who began

but he

The

be conquered."

fhall

fliall

the pun

wit

fee
is

moH: to

is

blame.

Sultan Bahadur, after fending the above billet to Flumaioon, called Calh

a council of war.

maioon had

all

It

was the opinion of the majority, that

his force with

him,

and march againfl him, and thus

Humaioon was fo
he would not difturb them

that therefore

now

far

it

was moft advifeable

roots.

rigid in his religious princiin their

to

finifli

war with

the iiege,

idolaters

which was

advanced, and afterwards to think of other matters.

Bahadur himfeif favoured the

cordingly continued
ligious principles,

forty one,

latter opinion.

The

fiege

fort.

at

Saringpoor,

till

Sultan Ba-

Bahadur, in the year nine hundred and Takes Chiior

marched with great expedition

Humaioon, who, agr.inii the^^

e
eror.
meet him. The two*^^'

againft

hearing of his approach, marched forward to

armies appeared in front of each other, near Munfoor.

who had

was ac-

and Humaioon, piquing himfeif upon his re-

continued loitering

hadur had taken the

hadur,

Hu-

to raife the fiege,

up the war by the

to take

Othei-s urged, that

ples, that

were better

it

as

a coun--

Sultan Ba-

colledlcd a great train of artillery, by advice' of his

engineer,..

THE HISTORY OF HIND05TAN.

Romi Chan,

^'^gi'"<^er,

^HiV
Kntffrchcs

in

rcdoubts, in his

entrenched his army, and placed his cannon

This prevented Humaioon

i'lOnt.

froni rifquing

an attack, and both armies continued in fight of one another for the

two months.

fpacc of

mean

Daily (Icirmiflies were, in the

time,

fought, with various fucceis.

yiumat

>r)n

cu(^ ott

tkis

liamaioon, finding that he could not draw Bahadur out of

his

He

or-

employed

trenches,

lup^iits.

attention to cut off his fupplies.

all his

dered his horfe, in fucccfllve bodies of

five or fix

thoufand, to fcour

the rear of the enemy, by which means famine began foon to be

fcverely felt in their
rifliing daily in

of

Hii;ht

iiahadur.

men,

horfes, elephants,

and camels, pe^

great numbers.

Bahadur, inrtead of -making one brave

Cowardice
and

camp

r
permitted bafe fear
.

five friends, left his

and defpair

camp

effort to relieve himfelf,

to feize

in the night,

upon him

and

fled

and, with only

towards Mindu. This

-was no fooner known, than the flight becaiiie general

difperfing

with their adherents.

the chiefs

Humaioon,

in the

morning, ordered the purfuit to commence, which was continued.

His array

and

themfelves,

he'

is

him-

in MTndu!^'^

as far as

who had
fclves.

Mindu, with great

neither the

power

flaughter of the unfortunate wretches,

to efcape, nor the

means

to defend

them-

Bahadur threw himfelf into Mindu, and the place wai

clofsjy inveficd.

Mindu taken

In a fcw days,

by lurprize.
.^^

^^^^

night

tlirec

hundred Moguls

fcaled the walls

of Mindu,

and though the garrifon coniifted of many thoufawds,

fuch was their panic, that they

betook themfelves to

all

flight.,

'

^i^'

'hadur efcaped to Chapanier, which was then the capital of Cuzerat,

Bravery of

anrsldder
Loan.

while Siddcr Chan, his

wouuded, not able

Amir

ul

Omrah, who was

to proceed farther, hu-t

dangerottfly-

himfelf up in the

for-C-

Sunkar, where, being befieged, he capitulated the fecond da^v'

and was, on account of

favor.

Sidder Chan,

his excellent character, received into great

during the purfuit,

faved Sultan Bahadur,

whea

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

137
.534.

vvUen almon:. taken .by Hutnaioon,^ by throwing hlnifelf in between

had an opportunity of making his efcape.

Bnt he himfelt was attacked with fuch violence by the king, in
perfon, that, after receiving many wounds, he got off with great

the kings,

his malier

till

difficulty.

The

tiirec

kinsT,

days after the taking of Mindu, renewed the

purfuit after Sultan Bahadur,

jewels out of

The

dabad.

Birlafs,

and Chapanier,

fiege

of the citadel, which

him

ftill

fled

towards

and

Hum?.iooft
purfues Suitan Dahadur.

Amu-

thither,

he

held out, to Dowlat

The

continued to purfue Bahadur.

tan, hearing of his approach, fled to

fuing

all

king, giving up the city of Chapanier to plunder, and

committing the
Chaja

who, having taken

Mahummud Abad

r
his treafure
1

unfortunate ful-

Cambait, but Humaioon pur-

retired to the ifland

of Deo, Humaioon ar-

Cumbait, the very evening of the fame day in which Ba-

riving in

hadur forfook

it.

Humaioon remained
tl^e fultan's

few days

in this place, but hearing that Returns

to

wealth was moftly in the citadel of Chapanier, he re- chapamen

turned to carry on that fiege.

the place, defended

it

with great bravery.

years provifion in the fort,

daily fupplies

Achtiar Chan,

who commanded

But though he had fome

he was covetous of more, and took

from a certain part of the

in

citadel,

in

which was covered

by a thick wood.

The

king, one day, "reconnoitring the place, obferved the pro- His

ceedings of Achtiar Chan, with regard to the provifions.

through the woods.

them, to carry him,

tance.

The

He

im-

who

carried the

perfuaded, or rather

commanded

mediately feized upon a party of country people

fupplies

He

in difguife, to the place.

They had admit-

king made the neceffary remarks,

returned tb his

camp, and the fame night ordered a parcel of iron ipikes

to

be

made.

Vol.

II.

He

ftrata-

tHE HISTORV of HINDOSTAN.

He

AjP'
r -pio'^^"""'
cik>-s

cba-

As

enemy was

fixing his ii'onfpikcs in the wallj fcy

moTjnied, and the king himfelf

his wIkdI-c-

made

had been previoufly

made

forcing, his

his'

way, fword

Before fan-rif6

when he

walls,

difplayed a

They

with his troops.

upon ah

head- of

tliC

thirty-nine officers

the fortieth.

fettled

a violent afHuilt

the mean- tim, ar.

Akbar * and

drawn towards the

which meana

detachment was within the

fignal \Vhich

entirely

This furnilhed- jdie king with aa opportunity of

di^fercn^ allauks.

cordingly

the acccis to this part of the fortrefs was extremely' diffi-

the attention of the

cult,

"

to the place,->

while feigned attacks were made upon every other quarter cf the
fort.

hundred feled men, went

himfclf, with three

fidesi

ac-

and Humaioon, in

detachment^ cried out, Alia

in

hand, through the enemy,

i",

"

-.-

jiolTefTed

himfelf of one of the gates: he immediately opened

and admitted his

mily,

who were

troops,
in

and

except Achtiar

all,

Ghan and

vernor defended himfelf fo bravely,

that-

his fa-~

The

an outwork, were put to the fword.

it,.

go-

be obtained^ a capita-

lation.
-

ill

The

great 'ftrfeng til of this place; the num'erolis g^rrifonv and the'

Boldnefs of the attempt by

which

it fell,

mankind,

all

nature recorded in hiftory.

Here- tht treafure of Guzet-at^ whith''-

been collected

among

in

He

the troops.

the courfe of

gave to the

was

years;

and

fliields,

lue of the things to their rank and merit.

Chirta, and Fring-f,

to'

many

officers

could be heaped upon their refpedive

fortes?"

any thrng of the like

king, equal, in the opinion of

f i>oii a-nohg
ib trotp

jSahadurSul-

rendered this adion of the-

was

foldicrs

diftributed

what wealth'

proportioning, the va--

All the wealth of

which had been there colle6ted,

to a vaft

Room,

amount,

delivered over to plunder.

Sultan Bahadur having fecured himfelf in^ Deo, fent^Airiia^^'tir

Muluck Chirkufs

to

Ahrnedabad, to
-.1

* That
i

The

is,

God

is

collect the revenues>

,h'35fIdo

Dii

I'^^iJ-i

and levy

'ii?

.I'l^

"/V

greateft.

Turkifli Empire, China, and Europe.

troops.

troops.

THE HISTORY OF

HINDOSTA'rsC

He

head of ffty thoufand men,

found hinifelf foon

at the

Humaioon having

and was daily gaining ftrength and reputation.

intelligence of the tranfadlions of Bahadur, appointed Tirdi

command
,

marched

Beg

to

the fort of Chapanier, and the adjacent countries, and

in perfon

Amad

with his army towards Ahmedabad.

Muluck drew out

his

army

to oppofe

him, and falHng

defeated before the reft of the

could be
army
'

ul

with the

in

vanguard of the imperialifts, commanded by Mirza Ad-^kari, he

^ns
^^J^

wafii

OA

brouiiht up to the en- His army

Ove; thrown,

gagepaent.

The

king,

for this fignal fervice,

vernor of the fplendid city of

appointed Mirza Aflikari go-

Ahmedabad.

He

divided then the

^^""^^'''^^

reduces

'

ail

among his omrahs, and marched againft Bur-^Gu/.era^.

Burhan Nizam Shaw, Amud ul Muluck, and the other

provinces of Guzerat

hanpoor.

princes of the Decan, apprehenfive of his defigns to reduce

dcz, wrote to

Thefe

him

letters

letters

had

Muluck,

in the

when

mean

the

news of the

infurre(}:iGn

He, however, reduced

to the king.

countries about Burhanpoor, then

ul

Chan-

of fubmiffion and allegiance.

fcarce arrived,

of Shere Chan came

marched round

to

Mindu.

all

Amud

time, in conjundion with the omrahs of

army, towards Ahmedabad.

in the

after a fiege of fix

tered Bengal.

mean

fled

march

to

Shere Chan, in the

to the

mean

time,

Gour and Bengal,

mountains of Jarcund.

Gour, the capital of Bengal, took

,to be called Ginnitabad *.

-of three

inverted Chinar, and

Having then gained the

months.

treafure of the princes of

and

time,

Having

it,

he en-

away the
he had reduced,

king continued his

and pommand^d

it

refided in that city for the fpa.ce

months, he was obliged, on account of the

* The

palTes,

it,

carried

whom
The

reduced

moifl: air

of that

paradifial citv.

The

infur-

the shtrrchanT

Guzerat, began again to acquire ftrength, and marched, with an

HumaiooH,

.f:

coujitry.

THE HiSTORY: OF HINDOSXAN.

^^P-

by >vhich;thq gre^t^

^^>J^';country,

by the rebellion oF
The
^

brothers

mud

IVlirza tlindal

^at

as wall as

f^ill.Cck,

Agra to return.

Hindal, the King's brother, was fent to fupprefs Mahutn-

JVIirza

of his army

.part^

Sultan Mirza, who,

But inflead

Kinnpgc.

faw himfelf

of:

we have

performing that fervice^ he> as foon

head of an army, began

at the

He^ aacqrdingly m^rqhed back.

tp.. Agra,

treafonable intentions, by putting

rejecled his authority, to death.

throwip.g

away every

own name,

already obrerved, had efqaped

difguile,

to afpire

the

throrife.

principal people,

The

ordered the chutba to be read in his

and,, w.ith.all the enfign&

of royalty, marched to Delhi,

^

king, having heard of thefe proceedings,

and Ibrahim Beg

When

Aora.

who had

who

thus enforced obedience, and

aad beiieged,it.

,.^v

he

.where he difcovered his

fome of the

He

to.

as

to-

to

command

in Bengal,

left

Jehangire Beg

and haftened towards

he was about half way, MahumiAud Zeman Mirza,

formerly joined Sultan Bahadur, returned from. Sind, and,

being promifed a pardon, joined the king with, a confiderable party.

mean

In the

time, Shere

weakened by

ficknefs

Chan, finding the lung's army

and defertion, and, his

affairs

fo

much

further per-

plexed by the rebellion of Mirza Hindal, marched with his trpops

from Rotas, and came behind the king on the

lay three

run

inactive,

at a

time

when

Both armios

the king ought to have

hazards, being every day infulted, and more and

all

flreljed

by the enemy,

who

more

prevented his crofling; the .river.

di-

>!!-.

his other, brother, Miraa

j
/n
i
i
Camiran, inftcad of affifting him, ungeneroully alpireq to his throwe,

To

S\

Miria Caminn mounts

months

Jofla

add

ilill

to

Humaioon's misfortunes,

'

ihe^^ rone in

j^^j-ched,

With ten thoufand

arrived at Delhi,
forces

Mirza Hindal

with his ov/n,

after

horfei- (jcom

prevailed

Lahore^

upon him,

which they both xoiatinasd'

1,,.:'.

When, -he
to join

his

the' ifidge.

.)0))rJJjq'i

Ji>-^i!?

* Perhaps the Sone^ or CarrmnafTa,

Fuchir

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Fgchir

Dien AlH,

ul

who commanded

acquainted ^^P- ^5|9-

in the city,

Mirza Camiran, that he could never think of betraying

and rather than be
to hold out to the

ungrateful to his

i'o

lafl:

drop of his blood

prince,

he was determined

he would

but, that, if

his truft,

fii-fl

poflefs himfelf of the capital of Agra, and entirely fubdue his bro-

he would then, and not

-Xker,

When
.

Mlrza Camiran and

and that the

out together

would

fiege
for-

his brother

coft

found him fo determined,

them much

Jo

Agfa,.

then, give up the city of Delhi.

till,

blood, and time,

.-ia.

>.:;.->.

they

f&t

,;

V/hen they had reached the environs of that city, the jealou^,
which the brothers

naturally entertained of each other, the eyes of

both being turned towards the throne, broke out into open war,

Mirza Hindal, being deferted by many of

with

five

thoufand horfe, and three hundred elephants

Camiran, entering Agra, a0umed

Sultan

all the.

Humaioon endeavored, by
J

...

to bring

his brothers,

Chan,

his party, fled to Alwir,

telling

the end, lofe

and Mirza

imperial enfigns*

every
poflible argument with Humaioon
J
I
o
erid avors

about a coalition of interefts againft Shere

them, that their family quarrels would

them

that

mighty empire, which had

certainly, in

to

bring over
tohis'inte^eft.

coft their father

much p&ins to conquer, and involve the family of Chigittai in

one common ruin
that it was, therefore, advifeable to join againft
the common enemy, and afterwards divide the empire amongft
fo

themfelves.

who were

Thefe arguments had no- weight- with

fo blinded

ther to lofe

all,

that after Shere

than be contented with a part.

Chan had

jundure, Shere Chan

great reputation, to

They

ra-^''^'''^"^''^'"'

vainly hopin-

defeated S^iltan

Humaioon, they fhould;.

and each had the folly to fuppofe,

that he fiiould be able to exclude the other,

thi$

brothers, They rejea

by ambition, that they were determined

be able to fubdue Shere Chan;

At

his

Sultan

fent.

Shech

Humaioon,

to

jrnd fo reign

Chelili,
treat

alone. -

dcrvifh >^)fHuma;oon

about a peace, Tith'sh^s'^

which

THE HISfTQRY .OF HINDOSTAN.

142
9+0^*

"^'li^

which the king accepted, with

gladnefs,

upon the following con-

That Shere .Chan (hould content himldf with Bengal and

.Bchar, which he was to hold in the king's name, paying a fmaJl
ditions:

acknowledgment!

When

Trr-achery
ot Shore

thc conditlons wcFC

fisfned

and

Iluinaioon, trufling too

clun.

by mutual oathst

much

to.the

fl'.ith

a fice intercourfe between both armies.

.fidious

Shere

Chan aimed

morning, furprized the

defeated him.
preparing,

As

was not

iioon

by thc peace.

at

fultan's

river

all

cncmy, who had turned the

4">er-

accordingly, next

which the

fultan

no way of efcape

totally

had been
left,

but

the boats being feized by a part of the

rear of the emperor's army, 'ilumaioon,

noblcs, and a great part of his army,

throvvn?^'^'^'

He

camp, before day-break, and

there was

finiflied,

of his enemy, permitted

This was what the

the bridge of boats,

by plunging into the

iium

ratified

where eight thoufand Moguls,

were forced

into the ftream,

exclufive of Hindoos,

were drowned,

amona whom was Mahummud Ziman Mirza. This terrible

throw happened to Humaioon in the year nine hundred and

overforty

fix,

The

Efcapes to

king, by the afliftance of a waterman, having with great

hvam

difficulty

acrofs the river,

with a few

flaughter of this dreadful day, fled to Agra.

ing of this defeat, haftened from

He

is

thers?

ioined

A^ra

who had

furvived the

Mirza Camiran hear-

to Al'wir, to confult

with his

Mirza Hindal. Finding that now the Afghans were likely

prevail, they were afhamed of their behavior to their brother,

brother,
'to

when it was too late, thought proper to fupport him. In the

mean time, all the Mogul omrahs who were difperfed in the proand,

vinces, feeing that the

violent Oiock, found-

it

power of

alfo necelTary to

accordingly haftened from,

JbrabuB Beg, having

,

their nation

left

all

unhe

^gd

their ftrength.

They

Agra ; Jehangire Beg, and

quarters to

J^^e/Pjgf^^,

had fuftained fuch a

Mahummud

Sultan

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

who had

Mirza,

c-aule againft

The

rebelled in Kinnoge, joined

three brothers having

ferent interells,

met

who was

brought

to return to Lahore, to

all

general

but

Agra, held daily confultations

not earned in reconciling

refolution

Sultan

prevent his departure

at

their councils to nothing,

which

hy Chaja Callan Beg.

to

in ths

^^4^'

the Afghans.

hut Mirza Camiran,

mined

now

the

J^^^'^'f^'^

tlieir dif- br. tneii.

and propofed

he was very muGh

in^bigated

ufed every argument

Humaioon

ambitious Camiran

to

was deter-

be every thing himfclf, or to give no affiftance to his

brother;

Thefe impolitic dffputes had

miran was feized with
a^id

lafled fix

a falfe appetite,

months, when Mirza Ca-

which he too much indulged,

confequently became affltfted with a lientery, which he imputed

to poifon given

him by

He

his brothers.

Lahore, leaving a thoufand horfe

witj;i

them,

fearii^g

at

The

whom

he-

out for Mirza Caml-

inhabitants of

Camiran's departure, fo that

die king,

Agra

many of

the iffue of the war, accompanied him. Mirza Hyder,

difgufted with this behavior, ftaid behind, and joined

to

fet

Secunder Sultan, under pre-

tence of aiTifting his unfortunate brother.

were greatly difcouraged

immediately

was of great

Shere Chan,

Humaioon,

fervice^

who had remamcd 'qaiet

during thefe difputes,

now

shereChan

advanced with an army to the banks of the Gang, and detaching

^^^J'^a"..'"
his fon Cuttub Chan over the river, ppfTefled himfelf of the adjacent,
provinces.

Humaioon having

received intelligence of thefe motions, ordered

CaiTim Hafiein Sultan Ufbeck, in conjunction: with Eadgar Mirza

and Secunder Sultan, againft him, with a great army. Thev
metthe enemy near Calpie, where an obHinate engagement
was fought, The
iii.

which

victory declaring for the

Imperial

Moguls, Cuttub Chan, with aC'-andfll;

great

rm> HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN;

^}Ug

^^^^

11^-''''

^^'^

generals, at the

army, was cut

fame time,

invited the king to

honor of conquering Shcre Chan

iiumsioon

Humaioon

ina'chcs
againti Shere

rr

than half his number.

Mirza, and his

In the

who were

fons,

ingratitude, fled to the

after

fat

down

army of Shcre Chan, which

before the

for his

mean

feemed

for the fpace of a

enemy, with

difpirited,

more

little

Mahummud

all

Sultan

drawing

their adherents,

them, which again plunged the fultan into

army being

camp was

his

the

remarkable for their treachery and

dillrefs

To

began to defert by thoufands.

complete his misfortunes, the rainy feafon

army,

come and have

confifted of

time,

by a great
part of his

The

Agra.

accordingly marched with a hundred thoufand horfe,

i

many more

fcnt to

in pcrfon.

and croffing the Gang, near Kinnoge,

month

Is defcrted

and his head

off,

now commenced, and

quite overflowed with water, infomuch that the tents

afloat.

The

king therefore refolved to move his

camp

to

higher ground.

On

army

his
and overthrown.

the tenth of Moliirrim, nine hundred and forty feven, he put

in motion.

He

was attacked by Shere Chan on

march, and defeated with great flaughter.

as

in the

Having

former aftion, the river then clofe to his

his

unfortunately,

rear,

the flight

turned that way, and fome thoufands, to avoid the fwords of the

enemy, chofe a more ignominious death

in the water.

cfcaped with the king over the river, with

the

reft

whom

he

few only

fled to

Agra r

fubmitted themfelves to the conquerors, or difperfed by va-

rious routs^

Shcre

Chan

A^gra"*^"

Shere Chan,

after

this

vidory, advanced towards

'^^^
fcwced to retreat to Lahore, and on the firft
^S^^'
of Rubbi ul Awil, of that year, joined the greateft part of his Mogul omrahs,

Purfues the
king.

immediately

ftill

who had

been difperfed fince the adlion.

continuing the purfuit,

croflfed

the

riv.ex

to

make

Shere

Chan

the beft ufe of his vidlory,-

of Jullanpoor, upon which the fultan, upon

the:;
firft"

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

of Rigib, pafled

Jirll

tlie river

of Lahore, and retreated towards Tatta \-P-

Mirza Camiran, now

and Bicker.

fenfible

was

law an empire wrefted from

envy,

obhged

Iiimielr

his

1^11
towards Cabul,

to rly

family, by the efFedls

which could not behold even

Humaioon having

of his ungenerous and who

^

impolitic behavior,

Shaw

on

crofled the Sind,

of that bafe

his

way

to Bicker,

^^'^ embafi"y

halted

and fent an embaflador, with a horfe and drefs to Mirza

Haffein,

governor of Tatta, to

that he

requefl: his aid,

to the

gover-

nor of

n>tt.i.

might

Mirza Shaw Haffein feeming

to liften to his requeft, detained the king,

cufes, for five

takes
route of

Tatta.

'

be able to poffefs himfelf of Guzerat.

by various

artifices

months, by which means his fmall army,

daily diminifhed in

numbers. Mirza Hindal,

mean

time, left him, and

went

to

and ex-

diftreficd for

want of pay,
in the

and

'J4'-

a brother's greatnefs without pain.

at Lori,

145

his brother, His

Candahar, being invited

thi-

ferTsIhe'^^'

Mirza Eadgar

ther, by Kirrachi Chan, governor of that province.

brolihci

^^"S-

Nafir propofed, at the fame time, to quit Humaioon, bat this unfor-

him

tunate king, took great pains to keep

firm to his intereft, giving

But he had no fooner taken

him

the government of Bicker.

fion

of that place, than he began to ftrengthen himfelf, and to hatch

pofTef-

treafon.

Humaioon,
Sewan,

to

in the

mean

time, had, with his

months, without

for feven

!irous of getting the place into his

force,

effeil,

own

little

army, laid ficge Humaboa

when Shaw

Haffein, de- sewan?

hands, advanced, with a great

from Tatta, and furrounding both the garrifon and the

prevented fuppiies from being carried to either.

were foon gready

diftrefled, as

befiegers,

Humaioon's army'Hls

well as the garrifon.

The

great

king,

driven to extremities, requeflied Mirza Eadgar to join him, with

what

forces

to be prevailed
liis

upon

to join

daughter, and to fecure

deferted th kings iatsreft,

was obliged

yOL.l1.

man chofe rather

Mirza ShawHalTein, who promifed him
him in his government. He immediately

he had in Bicker

but this ungrateful

at this

to rett'eat pretipitately

dangerous

crifis,

and Humaioon

from before Sewan, towards Bicker. He

j^jg

flies

to-

ward.Eicker.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

146

^ctP" '^i''
ihg. 9.}.8.

He could not even obtain, in

...

that place, a few^ boats, from his

own

per-

fidious llibjeds, to watt his final!

army over the

river.

After a

feai

ch

of ibme days, and wandering along the banks, he difcovered fom^

boats that

had been funk,

the other

lidc;

Notwithflanding

raifed

them, and tranfported his troops

this accumulation-

to

of misfortunes, Humaioon had

Eadgar Nafir^^gj^jTth

Nafir Mirza, who,

enouffh
Icft to (trlkc tgrror in Eadgar
O
&
to avoid his rcfentment, came and made his fubmifiion.
The necef-

lubmuung,

fity
raifes a fed':

of the times obtained his pardon

clemency, he began to

tion.

to

draw them over

nicated to the king,

at the

head of his

raife fedition

to his

own

but, in return for

among

intereft.

Humaioon's

his troops, and privately

This treafon being

the traitor, upon being taxed with

open

troops, in

it,

commuappeared

But the principal

rebellion.

officers

of the rebellious fadtion refufedto attack their king, fo that an adion

was prevented, when both

The
Humaioon
.

were formed

in order

of battle.

king being in no condition, at that jundture, to contend with

the rebel, thought

obligedtoHy.

parties

where.

He

it

high time to provide for his

therefore marched,

by the way

through the
force to

territories

oppofe him.

fafety elle.

of Jallelmere, to

Maldeo, then the moft potent Hindoo prince

before received an invitation from him.

own

in Hindoflan,

But

as

Raja

having

he was paffing

of Jaffelmere, the raja of that country fent a

The

the boundaries of Maldeo,

king defeated them, and paffe^on to

where he

and fent a raeffen^cr

halted,

to the raja.
'

...

R;.ja

liim"

Maldeo fortunes.

found

Maldco, feeing he had nothing

in his

own mind no principle

if poffible, to feize the king,

Maldeo's fervants,

who had

'^HT

But few keep faith with a kin?, when he

is

to fear

to love hiiTi

and fend him

.^oh.^ri

under the cloud of mjs-

from Kumaioon,

he therefore refolved,

to Siiere

Shaw,

Qne

of

formerly lived under HumaioDBi^.||^yj[ng

intelligence of this defign, inimediately i{}f9r9aie^^thpjfif|>g-

,.r.

Humaioon

THi'niSTORY OF HINDOSTAN.
'

Hdmaioon mounted

'Amercot, which

on the way,

horlb,
.

who was

Beg,

is

his horfe,

and

midnight,

at

down dead

falling

witli fatigue,

him have

well mounted, to let

his

he Was

heels,

own mother,

fell

ungene-

fo

that he refufed to

till

one Nidim Koka,

fide.

being an entire fandy

fled,

To

arrived of the enemy's near approach.

thofe

who

could fight to halt, and

The enemy
front, to fee how

forward.

not

on

it

let

making

the

but dreadful

Humaioon

women

f^I^ lreslV^'

Some

to this calamity,

add, if pofTible,

news

ordered

calan^;toj,s

all

and baggage move

king rode

their appearance, the

fared with his fimily.

Night, in the mean time, coming on, the rear

in the

but

down dead 5 nothing was heard

fcreams and lamentations.

in

dcfired Tirdi

he

the troops hegan to be in the utmoft diftrefs for water.

mad, others

flies,

gave the king her horfe, and placing

which they

country, through

<.lefart,

mn

a camel,

pn the camel, ran himfelf on foot by hr

The

His He

troops of the raja being clofe to his

mount

necefiltated to

difnioiintiiig his

Jier

The

his requeft.

^54*-

towards ^^P-

about one hundred crores from Tatta.

rous was this man, and fo low was royalty fallen,

comply with

fled

147

morning were attacked by

a party of the

with about twenty brave men, refolved

loft their

enemy.

way, and

Shech

Ali, Gallant^ex-

Having

to fell his life dear.

shech AH,

repeated the creed of Martyrdom, he rufhed upon the enemy, and

the
reft

firft

arrow having reached the heart of the chief of the party, the

were, by the valor of this handful,

Moguls joined
horfes.

They

in the purfuit,

their

The

foiindi

other

camels and

then continued their march, found the king

fitting

and gave him'an-acfcount

^ti t,nr.^'.<

Marching forward, the next day, from

On

flight.

and took many of

by a well, which he had fortunately

-{Jun bsM
-of their adventure.

diftrefTed

put to

this^

than before, there being no' W'atei^

.o'SU\f>

well,

-for

>

they w-^re ;m6re The

two

days- journey,

king's

^[^^"jjf^'/''""

the fourth day ef their retreat j they "^f^ll'in' With another v^elh ^^antof

water.

which

I H a; ( Mrr.8r.o ry. of a
was

'whicli

"Yjf^-

of time
notice

ill

to

tieqpj.-

fe>.

water,

s t. a

n.

that the only bucket thejrvh^d^'tookia great ieal

bebg woundup,: ahd tliercfore a:di'Unn was beat to give

tbe catfilas when the bucket appeared, that they inight

by turns to

repfiir

mDo

x-i

.drink.;.

as loon as

tliat

,Thc. people were

tl^ci firfl.

tJiem threw themfelves upon

it,

ifo.

bucket. appear^.diit^ftiOr tvyely^'jof

befoi^

quite rjsach^d the brim of

it

the well, by \vhich means the. rope broke, and the bucket, was

and
^

-1

headlong after

feveral fell

i^Qj

When

.an

their tongues,

immediate,

'

faithful friends

oa

The

all becarrie

rolldd themfelves,

and confequently an

not the unhappy king

tew

this iiital

feel,

when he law

accident happen-

loud and dreadful.

this terrible fituation.

(SfiMT^

The

now drank

fo

<^friA

camels,

much,

who had

and

The

Amercot.

fortunes.

that the greatefl part of

the king, after this unheard of

,

raja

He

bemg

than

ni

diiflrefSj

jj.

Ceacl^edjAm^^-

rr

humane man, took cqmpaiuon- pn

their 1^13--

fpared nothing that could alleviate Uieic miieries, .Or

.
.'

oi,

U^jay/

the fifth o/Rigib, in the yqar nine, hun-

and forty nine, the prince Ackbar was brought/orth, byXian^id^

Banu Begum. The

king, after returning tlunks 40

Gpi. kft /lis f^

under the protedion of Raja Rana,, and> byith& aid

marched
,

lefs fatal

At Amercot, upon Sunday

Humaioon

-jHT

them died. The people

exprefs his fidelity to the king.

Akbar born, dred

of Jjis

drinking, complained of an oppreffion of the hearti,;afid in

A few, with
cot.

received at

did

not tafted water for feveral day,

about half an hour a great part of them expired.

h humanely

What

ealicr death.

next day, though they reached water, was not

the former.

Arrives,

on the

in agony,

hit

'.o-f

alfo, after

loft,

while others, precipitating themfelves into the well, met

with

b?visi

it..a

cd, the.fcreams and lamentations.. of

Some lolHngout

the

iimpatient fgr

againft Bicker..

But. a mutiny.

ariftng.

of, thprt pri.ace,

i^mong ,tl^.Uopps,

they difpcrfcd, fo that nothing could .bp ^ffc^ed, Som.ejof .^he, king's

own omrahs

deferted him, and the gallant Shech Ali; one of his

principal

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^principal adherents,

king

Mirza Camiran had,

froni Guzerat.

time> taken the fortrefs of

dai;-afvd

Kandahar i"rom

Hafiein wrote to Mirza Aflikari,

and that

an aftion could

norbe

if

him

his fon,

and

fly

Muckani, and only twenty two

-

young prince Ackbar

king, by repeated

When

in his brothers.

was met by

all

flavcs.

reft.

who was

He

of Iran.

ul Hufleini,

Seiftan,

he

there governor on the

brought Humaioon

refpeft, prefenting

fo

He

from thence

out

fet

Is

him

1'

Pc'rfian'g^o-^*

all

In his progvefs tov/ards the

vernors of the provinces and great

men

ii-,-

and made magnihcent entertainments

Kizvi, he difpatched

Byram Chan'

anfwver.

Let us

He

for

him.

fu's fon.

'all

the .gof^'''>'^

he.^irrived at

to the Perfian king,

now

king of Pci-.

journey

their corhplim'eM5,

When

r.

capital" of- Iran,

him

,isrni

provided the

neceifaries for his

paid

seiflan"

iiiJ

lorgct nothing or that gcaeronty and poiitenefs

unfortunate exile very efledually with

received

Ferfia's eldeft and hy'the-

remarkably diftinguifhed his character.

and waited his

and Was,

or Herat,

met by Sultan Mahummud, the king of

...
This prince

to Court.

'^rft

money he was worth, and furrifhing the fultana with

The king received juft what fupplied his occalions, and' re-

that cily,

which

Kandahanr

at'

Ifpahan,

leave Hum-aioonj: to give an

mMc<v^M

arrcount of the tranfadion* in Hi'iTdoftsrr/^HlTriT^g^his ekyle?.ql/b prft

'

'

to

Choj.

all rafikn.

the

turned the

*fon.

and plundering

he arrived upon the frontiers of

and treated him with the greatell

to Seirian,

'^^'g'^
fly to

found that he could place no faith

Sultan Shamlu,

Shaw Tamafp

part of

with

Ahmed

trials,

to

to

Mirza Afh-

to ChorrafTan.

horfe,

kari exprelTed great forrow at the king's efcape,

The

this

to.

Mariam

himfelfV with the Sultana

his effedts,' carried the

in the

he approached, obliging him

requeft, attacked the kingi.when

leave behind

at that wards Kan-

fo meritorious

inftead of lifteiiing

Aflikarij

forgot.

defeated,

Mir7;a

was

that the king

he would now favor him,

is

Mirza Hin-

his brother,

Mirza Afhkari governed there by his appointment.

diftrefs,

A. p. 1542.
949-

towards Kandahar, and was, on his way,

fled

utmoft

Humaioon was
.

jomed by Byram Chan,

Shaw

an a6bion in which

killed in

'

The

defeated.

was

149

^mri b^ni)')b edsicno nv;c

SECTION

-^^

E C

O N

hk

before

^'^^'^* '^>

?^i&?iyi;9f .;iSa?L^Ji-

11.

acccflion to

tl^^

imperial thron,c.

A^p.

1542.

Sherc

ShS's

family,

rip H E

name of Sh ere; Shaw

original

was Hallin, of the Soor

of

tribe

?was

'the

came

father of Shere Sliaw, Ibrahim Soor,

His father

When

Afghans of Roh.

mufnud of

Sultan BeloH placed his foot on the

Fend.

enipire, the grand-

Delhi

to

of mi-

in quefl:

litary fervice.

of the Af-

^0^-

'j'j^g

orkinal feat of the Afp^hans Was Roh.

mountainous

language,

fignifies

in length,

from Sewad and

country-.

This word, in
It

extended, they lay,

town of Sui

Bijore, to the

in the

nions of Buckuraft, and in breadth, from Huflin Abdal to

This

contained

tradt, in its fertile vallies,

many

their

feparalte .tribes

domi-

RabuK
among

the number of ihefe was that.-of Soor, w^iq derive themfelves.ftom

the princes of Ghor.

whofe name was

try,

One of

Mahummud

placed himfelf

among

tJie

fons

of

Soor, having

.the Ghoriiin family,

left;

his native'. coun-

the Afghans of Roh, and was, the fathe*;

of the tribe of Soor, which was efteemed the nobleft

Torahim Soor

Ibrahim Soor, arriving

at

Delhi, engaged himfelf

srrivcs

Delhi,

of an omrah of the court of

cunder,

his fon Haffin

objatns a ja-

Beloli.

When

among them,
in"

fuba of Jionpoor,

who

took HafTen, the fon of IbrAhim, in his retinue.

him

a youth of parts, and favored

time, he gave

him

-much, that, in a

which he ;Vwa^j to maintain

five

HalTen had eight fons ^ Ferid apd.Nizamof one

tan family

.He-fCMlnd
(lior4:

the pergunnahs .of Sehfardm and Chawafipoor

jagier, for

'j-^jj^^

-fo

the fervice

the ernpire fell.to Sen

Jemmal Chan an omrah was appointed

him

.]

hundred horfe,

.nfiothe^,>

of ,a^Pa-

the other fons were born of flaves.

IlafTen

OF KINDOSTAN.

THE. illSXORY
Haflen had no great love
her

Fead, upon
^

Tons.

for his wife,

this,

left

151

and he therefore negleded

his father's

houfe,

and

enlifted

Jemmal Chan. HafTen wrote to

Jemmal Chan "* upon this occafion, requeftiiig him to fend back, his
But all that Jemmal Chan cquld
{on, that he might be educated.

himit]f a foldier in the fervice of

fay

had no

effeil

for inftruclion

tend to

letters

upon Ferid.

own

Aks
fa.-

ther'i houfc.

Jionpoor, he faid, was a better place

than Sehfaram

of his

Feriii

from his

and he afiirmed that he would at-

accord.

This he did

to fo

much

purpofe.

Applies him.

that he foon could repeat the works of Shech Sadi, and was, befijdes,

a proficient in

all

He, however,

the learning of the country.

employed moft of his time in hillory and poetry, being fupported

by the

liberality

of Jemmal Chan.

After three or four years had paffed, HafTen came to Jlionpoor,

r
'
and, by the mediation of friends,, the father and fon were reconci.

>

kd.

HalTen gave Ferid the charge of

himfelf

at

That the

Ferid,

Jionpoor.
ftability

would be his

when he

'

cher,

and remained

his jagier,

took leave of his father,

faid.

of government depended on juflice, and that

greatefl care not to violate

reconc;ie3.

^jth his fa-

it

hy opprefling
* the weak, or permitting the flrong to infringe the laws with im-

When

punity."

he arrived

at his jagier,

it,

either

he actually put

foiution in praftice, by rendering juftice to the poor,

to order fix:h of his

this fe-

and reducing

zemindars as oppofed his authority.

He, by
means, had his revenues pund^ually paid, and his country well
cultivated. His reputation grew apace; for all his nflions difcovered
this

uncommon
bi.Hafiin

...

genius and refoiuticn.

coming

the pergunnahs, was extremely pteafecl

to vifit
:

f.

With the management ot his fon, and therefore continued him in his
o{Hc.
But the father had a fjave by whom he had three fons, Scliman,

cf her.

Ahmed, and Mudda, and

the old

man was

extremely fond

She told him, that now- her fen SoHntan'was'

gfo^/ri't3|v

* Suba of Jionpoor.

and

p'^^*'

cd with

his

behavior.

toi^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

n. 1542.
Hig. 919.

i^.

and that he ouo;ht

to provide for

him.

She, day
after day, conti^

nued

to teaze Haflin for the fiiperintcndency of the

pergunnahs

for

This gave the old omrah great concern, knowing the fu-

Soliman.

The

perior abihties of Fcrid.

fon, hearing that the domeflic peace

of his father was deftroyed, by the importunities of his favorite,

He

rcfigns

the management of the

made

a voluntary refi<rnatioii
of his truft,
o
^

which was accordinsly

tj /

conferred upon Soliman.

jagicr.
,

Nizam,

Ferid, and his brother

'

Agra

fet

out immediately for Agra, and

entered into the fervice of Dowlat Chan, one of the principal

om-

by his good behavior, foon

infi-

rahs of Sultan Ibrahim.

Ferid,

Dowkt defired him,

nuated himfelf into his mafter's affedion.

day, to

would

That

tell

him what he was

with the fultan in his favor.

ufe his intereft

his father

ful miftrefs,

was now

who had

moll: defirous to obtain,

in his dotage,

and that he

Ferid replied.

and wholly guided by an

art-

deprived both himfelf and his brother of their

patrimonial inheritance, and had procured their jagier for her

That

fpurious offspring.

one

if

Dowlat would,

at court, procure the jagier-fonnad

own

therefore, by his intereft

name, he would promile

in his

to provide for his father, and maintain five

hundred good horfe

for

the fervice of the empire.

Dowlat Chan accordingly preferred

The emperor replied.
g'raluhimhis
father's ja-

gier,

That he

dermined
Q^i^jj^^gfj

^
by

requeft.

him

father.

bad

man

Dowlat Chan

who

reviled

and un-

retired in filence,

and ac-

indeed,

that he

would take another opportunity

to urge his

In the niean time, the father of Ferid died, and Dowlat

obtained the emperor's

s:rant,

his father's

death, he ob-

own

why

hjni of the anfwer he had received, but comforted Ferid,

telling

which, upon

his

mufl: be

this requeft to the fultan,

with which the two brothers

fet

out to Sehfiram with a grand retinue.

(ains.

Soliman, upon the arrival of his brothers, evacuating the country,

went

off to

Mahummud Chan

Soor,

who

held the purgunnah of

Chond,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Chond, and kept up a force of

fifteen

Mahummud Chan

plained of the behavior of Ferid.

that Baber, having invaded Hindoftan, a

was unavoidable.

tah Ibrahim

company him when

vor to get

him

him

That, therefore,

if

he

him,
Sul~

cornpiains oH

fliould ac- tlimmud'^'

army, he Would endea-

Soliman was too impatient to wait

redrefs.

Chan, therefore,

to treat about a reconciliation.

to give

told

'542Hig. 9.19.
His brother

war between him and

called to the imperial

Mahummud

in fufpence.

hundred horfe, and com-

""^'^

long

fo

fent a perfon to Ferid,

Ferid replied. That he was willing

ha

a proper fhare of his father's inheritance, but that

muft be excufed from parting with any of

his

power;

repeating, at

the fame time, the old adage, That two fwords could never

reft in

one fcabbard.

Soliman could not be

therefore nothing

was

Mahummud Chan

fo

fatisfied

fettled

much,

with

fliaring the

began

that

he refolved

to provide for his

riving of Sultan Ibrahim's death, the

Ferid refolved not to

confufion.

which enfjed.
ni,

who had

the

name

He

This

between the brothers.

meafures which he hinpfelf had propofed.

this refolution,

government, and

to

compel him

For

own

fecurity; but

to the

news

whole country was thrown

lie idle in

ar-

into

the midft of the troubles

joined Par Chan., the fon of Diria

Chan Loha-

fubdued Behar, and affumed the royal dignity, under

of Sultan

Mahummud,

or

Mahmood.

As the

fultan

tiger;

was

which

bold adion, which was done in the fultan's prefence, he

was honored with the

Shere

Chan

'tan's fervice.

jagier,

him.

immediately attacked and killed with one blow of his fabre.

this

Chan.

gailfii

Ferid being informed of

one day on a hunting party, he roufed an enormous

f'erid

irritated

vvho forms

He,

title

of Shere Chan

*.

rofe gradually to great influence

He was
in the

and

even appointed tutor to the

mean

favor, in the folfultan's fon, Jellal

time, requeued permifllon to go to his

but he was detained there by bufinefs,

till

his leave of ab-

* Shere fignifics a lion.

Vol. H.

.fence

Fcrld obtains
bliere ciian.

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TIIR

54
D.

542-

fence expired.

Mahummiid,

Sultan.

diiiatisficd

with

this behaviof'J'

reproached him, one day in public, with breach of promife; aiid

lie
t"

ij accufeJ
Sultan

Mahmood.

Mahummud

Chan, an omrah, being

/-'I'
of accufing him of treafonable
Mamood,

of Suhan
this

means,

time,

The

fultan,

punidiment

juft

him

and

his jagier,

interelb

fultan was,

him, that he intimated,

him of

deprive

thing that could bring

The

the fan of Sultan Secunder.

brother Soliiiwn, as a

Proceedings
agdinil him.

and with favoring the

dcfigns,.

fo incenfed againfl.

a dcilign to

prefent, took that ooportunity

^

at the

to confer

it

by

fame

upon his

and the only

for his offence,

to a proper fenfe of his duty.

howcver, having a great efleem

for

Shere Chan, againft

nothing was yet proved, laid afide the violent meafure to

which he was

infbigated

by

Mahummud.

way of alarming him, gave

father's cflate, and make an

Mahummud

thers.

Chan

to Shere
ful tan's

at the

fame time, by

orders to his accufer to enquire into his

equal divifion of

Chan, glad of

it

among

the

all

to

bro*-^^

one of his fervants

this order, fent

him, that his brothers, according

to acquaint

commands, were

He,

to the

have their proportionable dividends of

the eftate which he had hitherto fo unjuAly with-held from

therritii-^^*"

.'jMLr-

The

nature

Jiindoftan.

Chan

Shere

miftaken in

returned for anfwer, that

That

this matter.

Mahummud

was very muchi-

there were no heritable eftates

'

in'

among Mahomedans,

Hindoftan,

for that ail lands belonged to the

king, which he difpofed of at plcafure.

That

as

he himfelf had

perfonal grant of his jagier, his brethren were entirely out of the
queftion.

That

brothef ,S,9^iji;ig.iX.a.paxt pf the.

.

law.

S'.ereChan

iff

When

had already confented

he, however,

money and moveables, according

r-orfufyrr-

Q]^^^^ ^yho

was then

rr/rrf

"n<n

-hnr

he was enraged

at Jiond,

raifing all his forces,

command

i*!

.b')Ft

brd

the meflenger returned with this anfwer to

at.ac -ed.

and

to give to his

fent

them

of Shadi, his adopted

flave,

od'ff

tc^

.nr

Mahummud

at fo flat a denial,

againft Shere

Chan, under the

accompanied by Soliman and

Ahmed.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Ahmed*

His rd&rs were

to take pblTeffion of

him

leave a force with Soliman, to protedt

This
time

colled: his people

to.

Malleck.^ok,
to harrafs the
tion

till

his

and

gave them battle, and

Mahummiid

Juneid

Birlafs,

the part of Sultan Baber,

was taken

into favor,

country.

With

not^^l'o Jfcrmines to op-

thefe

fo

and the

much, that he

viftory.

v/as in

no

fuba of Kurrah and Maneckpoor, on He

He made

flies

to

the fuba a handfome prefent,

body of troops

to recover his

Mahummud, who

he defeated
fo that

loft his life

to dif-

he therefore evacuated the coun-

and obtained

mountains of Rhotas,

own

^5^-

alarm, he wrote topofehim.

But Malleck Sook, defirous

weakened Shere Chan

fled to

firfl

Chan had

troops he had, but to avoid an ac-^

he joined hirn in perfon.

difafter

Shere

to' '^/^P-

/rjcoici

in thejagier.

taken,

upon the

ihiit,

t^e country^ and

deputy in the pergunnah of Chawafspoor Tandah*'

condition to oppofe
try,

quickly

enemy with what

tinguifli himfelf,

This

being

refolution

155

he not only

fled

to

the

Returns and

himfelf of his hummed?*'

pofl^efl^ed

but added feveral other pergunnahs to his jagier,

country,

which he now held of Sultan Baber.

who had

afllfled

fame time,

at the

JEie,

Having rewarded the Moguls

him, he permitted them to4-eturn to their mafter.

friends,

who had

dable

y^lje^ parts.

levied troops,

and was joined by his former

which rendered him very

fled to the hills,

0'f)!'i

Shere

Chan having

formed an

ad:

of generoflty, which,

him much

Chan, who had

and put hini

fled,

if it

He

''.'ff

recalled

in pofleflion

his greatefl:

..

..

..

'.'^/y

to de-

Mahummud

of his former jagier.

enemy

into

one of his

bamu

friends.

bogi

ifiw ox.

fettled his affairs,

of his country, and paid a

'^^ii^

,.

was not intended

honor.

This generous treatment converted

Shere having

thus eflablilTied himfelf in his jagier, per- hi? pcneron

ceive the world, does

befl:

formi'*

viflt

to

left his
Iiis

brother Ni2arn in charge

benefador Juneid

Birlafs,

at

Kurrah.

to iiim.

THE iyfSTORY

15^

pl,

rjffp:

iiig.

G.Ks

ki^fjrt:

'

949.
CO

18hJlafs''As'^Mrf^if^
*"

company

their
it

thlih'er.

hifii

"He'

and attended

Baf)ei'.

Ni^d's/'tipon

would be

[)Lit

art'

rliat {jfinctl-ih his

t'nnti ili

the

very

kingJiifhfelf,

who

obferved

ke thought

friend, that

thougli a

to think fo

man of

Shere re-

and that

much

held the reins of government, would be too

the vizier,

**

biafled in favor

**

That

*'

tliemfclves, could

**

compleated ; and

*'

felf

own

of his

intereft,

therefore if the Patans,

to

mind

was

great parts,

acquainted with the policy of Hindoftan

little

**

that of the public.

who were now

at

enmity among

be brought to mutual concord, the work was

fliould fortune ever favor

equal to the tafk, however difficult

His friend

pear."

expedition toChinderi.

Mogul camp, and

him, what reafon he had

aflted

introduced to

matter to drive thofe foreigners out of Hindoftan.

ea'fy

That tke

plied,
<t

this occnfion,

manners and pohcy, he, one day, told a

His friend

Mogu.s,

Sherd I'^l^lVed to ac-

After Shere had (laid fomb

ijic

^HlNDOSTAN.

Sultan

Jo'.'c^ming"

K^F-

burft;

it

him, he imagined himmight,

ap-

at prefent,

out into a loud laugh, and began to

ri-

'

dicule this vain opinion.

^'st

drew

and cutting up his meat, made

thofe

who

who had

He

privately

withdraws,

called for a

i-i

is

likely to

trifles,

and

Shere

Chan

without minding

is

be a great man.

perceiving,

went

neid Birlafs,

as

he had

by

not to be difconcerted by

thefe words, that the king

fled the

had been

camp

own jagier. He wrote from thence

Mahumraud Chan had prevailed on

to his

that

When

been remarking his manner, turned to

informed of his private difcourfe to his friend,

night, and

without ceremony,

a hearty meal,

This Afghan

Chalifa, and faid,

refleftion of
**

his dagger,

diverted themfelves at this odd behavior.

done, the king,

Amir

folid difhes

but the fervants had orders not to fupply him with one.

Shere, not to lofe his dinner,

Baber,

He

before him, with only a fpoon to eat them.

knife,

occafions a

fbme

Shere, a few days after, had, at the king's table,

Hi? behavior
King^s table

'

to

that

Ju-

Sultan

Mahmood

OF,

r^fEj ..tiiSTORY
Mah^moodrGIian, pf Behar,

tcy

,:l7f^IJ^Df>

fend troops againft his jagier, he had ^-^^^

him

for leave.

chaftifing

him, and

ia hafte

]cft-

the king's camp, without waiting upon

H&f hy

this

means, amnftd Juneid

at

made up^

the fame time

whom

he became a greater

from

Birlafs

ma-tters

Mahmood, with

with Sultan

favorite than before.

Is

Mahmood

ion Jellal Chan,

dying a

.Dudu,.-a(3;ed a^\ regent,

miniftratioj^ fell

Muchdum
Sultan

'

after,

mother.

prince's

and conferred the principal

The

fultana dyin"; focn after, -the ad- 1^?!,

.on

the part of

Mahmood,

Sultan

prote<Sl:ion.

As

to

the forces of Behar were in-

confiderable, in comparifon of thofe of Bengal, Shere

overtures for

goveriinicnt.

"

ordered Cuttub Chan, governor of Mongier,.

with a great force, againft Behar.

many

go-

being guilty of fome mifdemeauor,

under Shere Chan's

.revenge this infult,

dies,

Sultana

offices in the

Allum, the governor of Hadgeepoor,

Bengal,

his who

was fucceeded by

wholly into his hands.

Mahmood, of

(thi:ew himfelf

time

The young

vernment upon Shere Chan.

rfc^i^clled

B Jiar,

f!iort

a minor.

W-

with Sultan
ihm-jod of

Sultan

S7

accommodating

differences,

Chan m.ade

but to no

efTcdt.

J^inding no arguments could prevail but the fword, he refolvcd to

ftand the unequal encounter, in vvhich his fuperior fkill and bravery

acquired

him

complete vidory.

his treafure, elephants,

and*

Cuttub Chan, was

flain,

and

all

Overthmus

camp equipage

taken,

which

greatly CeH^ah^

advanced the defigns of Shere Chan.

After this victory, the Patau tribe of Lohani, envyino- the fortune A plot againft
'

of Shere, formed

-a

confpiracy, to take

the plot, taxed Jellal

Chan

with,

it,

away

his

who was

life,

to the

young

privy to the confpiracy,

being very jealous of the great influence of his minifler.

on this occafion,

hi

Shere difcovered

prince, that there

was no

He

told,

neceffity

of

taking fuch a bafe method of getting quit of him, for that if he Oiould

but once fignify his inclination, Shere was ready to refign that go-HeoflVrs
vernment, which he lately fo fuccefsfully protedled.
The prince/"'"^"'
either

to

fiupecling his iiiicerlty, or being equally fufpicious of the

^"^^^^^^
'^i

^ig

otli^^;^,

'h9*"

omrahs, would, by nd means,' confent to his refignation.

much

difgurtied the confpirators,

make

lure to

This

that they took every poiTible

mear

a breach between the prince aad his minlfter.

Snere, finding that he had

no

mamtaimng

but in

fecurity,

his

power, by the unlimited ufe he made of it, juflly excited the prince'^,
hi's^mailer^^^

jcaloufy to fuch a pitch, that, one night, accompanied by his omrahs,

the Su!ta.) of

j-q

Sultan

who had

Shere Chan,

Mihmoo^^^of

Sultan

Mahmood,

Mahmood,

him^wich an his perfonal

of Bensial, and implored his aid to exDcl

ufurped his throne.

joining his compaflion for the young prince, to

hatred for Shere, fent Ibrahim Chan, the fon of Cuttub

Chan, with a eonfiderable army

belieged Shere in a
that Ibrahim

mud

for a long time,

fort,

was obliged

The Bengalians

againft the ufurper.

to fend

home

without fuccefs

fo

Shere Chan,

for fuccours.

being informed of this circumftance, came out, offered battle, and,

by means of a
whkh

is

by'^ShereT

firft

onfet, to

took

all

3.dion,

their

common

ftratagem, ordering his troops to

draw the enemy

into an

guns and elephants.

and the young prince

ambufh, defeated them, and

Ibrahim Chan was

fled in great diftrefs to

flain

by

this vicftory,

oJi'bcilri'

became lord of

of the (Irong

fort

by

Behar, and grew daily

at this time,

governof

of Chinar, which he had held for himfelf ever fince

the death of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi.

was

all

Taje Chan was,

more formidable.

j^^Qj-g

in the

Bengal.

w, rjv

Shere,

All Behar
fuDmits CO

the

fly at

His wife Lade

JVlallecke,

who

whom he had a very great affedion, being envied

wives, by whom he had children, they infligated their

barren, yet for

his other

fons to

make away with

her.

'

But one of the

fons,

who had

under^

taken the murder, miffed his blow, and only inflided a flight wound,
Taj'3

Chan, alarmed by her

his fwcrd to kill his fon.

cries,

The

/auUed his father, and flew him.

came

to her afliftancf,

fon, feeing'

The

ho -means

fons of Taje

and drew

to efcape,

af-

Chan wehe

yet
too

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

young

v!I.,,p=, gm,dio .xiloa

and Lade Maiiech.?
be entralted With the government, ^''U"5irdieie

robW,n

v.
too

to

own

her

drew
chiefs

and zemindai-s.

into

hands,

Lade Mallecke, which was foon

Shere feized upon Chinar and th^ dependant

able treafure in the place.

about this

'

tirhe. Sultan

Mahmood,

the fon of Sultan Se*^

Sultan

Mahmood,

omrahs of Lodi,
proclaimed king.

Chan

af-

and that of Haffen Chan Mewati, advanced again iV Sultan

and were defeated,

Baber,

Chiiidr.

-"'uoi.

cunder Lodi, having taken protection with Rana Sinka, by his

liftance,

f,5;'','^^^.'";_

diftrifts, obtsin. the

a great acquifitioij^to^his power, there being a confider-

which was

^^.^^

by her addiefs among the

Shere Chan, informed of thefe tranfactions,

feta treaty of marriage on foot with

concluded.

A^-'*

the reins

Much

159

as

we have

flying to Chitor,

Janvehi

was from thenee invited

by.; tiie

and

tliat

feen,

together at Patna, and by

himfelf foon maflerof

perceiving that he could not

fultan's intereft,

at

who were gathered

He made

already

all

draw the omrahs over from

he had not

fufficient force to

them
Mahmood Lodi
the pofTtCesh m-

Shere

Behar.

ne !i:iv"niwi

Suftan

oppofe him,

fubmitted to his authority, and, by that means, faved a part of Behar,

which the
at the

him

fultan permitted

fame time, that

if

he

The

to retain.

fliould effedtually ailill

fultan

him

in

told

recovering

Jionpoor from the Moguls, he would return Behar to him

contract to that effeit

levy troops,

againfl th'e
for

after,

and Sultan

obtained leave to return to Sheffaram,

Mahmood

Moguls, fent him orders

fome time, the

fultan,

marching, with an

to join.

But

as Shere-

army,
delayed

perfuaded by his omrahs that he was

playing a loofe game, marched his

way

and a

was drawn up and executed. ]D/etwsen<;theini.

Shere Chan, fbme time

to

him,

army through

his

jagier

on his

Shere came out to meet him, had an elegant en^

tertainment provided for his reception, and then marched with him
to Jionpoor.

to Jionpoor.

The

their approach,
as far as

troops of

fo that the

Humaioon evacuated
Afghans took

the province upon

pofiefTion

of the country

Lucknore.

Humaioon

shere Chan
J'o^'vl'fit

hir^

THE HISTORY GF HINDOSTAN.

A^p.

Humuioon

1542.

lav, at this time,'

tiig. 949.

'

before Callinp-cr,' and havine

o heard
>->

of the progrels of the Afghans, he marched

mood
sl!inn

mood

^'^^2^^' Shere
Lodi.

command

having, on this occafion, given a fuperlor

wi!'.!-

Chan, who thought himfelf

mailer, and wrote a private letter,

Hindoo Beg, one of

the

Mogul

ill-

M;\h-

thcni.

againll:

betrayed his

ufed,

the night before

the adtion, to

generals, acquainting him, "

he efteemcd himfelf a fervant of Baber's family,

to

Bein

to

whom

That

he owed

advancement, and that he would be the caufe of defeating the

*'

his

**

Afghans next day."

Mahmood's

occafioned

vored by Humaioon.
to Patna, retired

He drew

off his troops in the adion,

defeat, for

Sultan

which

Mahmood,

from the world, and,

fervice

which

he was greatly

fa-

after this defeat, retreated

in the yeai* nine

hundred and

forty nine, died in Oriffa.

Humaioon,

Refufes to
give up

Chinar

to

Humaioon.

Beg

to

afterhis vidory, returned to Agra, and fent Amir Hindoo

Shere Chan, to

of the fort of Chinar.

tgike poiTefiion

Humaioon

excufed himfelf, and obliged Hindoo Beg to retreat.

returned immediately with his whole

having inverted

it,

he r^eived a

army

letter

to

Shere

befiege Chinar,

and,

from Shere Chan, acquaint-

Propofes
terms to

ing him, "

Humaioon,

" houfe of Baber, from whom he firft obtained a government i and

" that he had exprefled his fidehty, by being the occafion of the

That he efteemed himfelf one of the

"

late victory.

<'

retain the

That, therefore,

government of the

if the

fort,

fervants of the

him to
pay him the

king would permit

he was willing

to

proper revenues of the lands which he held, and would fend his

"

Cuttub Chan, with

fon,

his

own

As

at

five

hundred horfe,

which

ac.epted.

the

fli

this jundture

at

the affairs of Guzerat, by the cpnquefts of

ength of Chinar, Humaioon confentcd

cordingly, being joined

five

be -maintained

expence, in the fultan's fervice."

Sultan Bahadur, required the king's prefence^,

are

to

by Cuttub Chan and

and confidering

alfo

to thefe terms, and, ac-

Ifey

Chan

Hajbil, with

hundred horfe, he marched towards Sultan Bahadur.

The

king,

however.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

however, had fcarcely reached Guzerat,

when Cuttub Chan

with his horfe, and returned to his father.

what

fuccefs,

he purfued

Hig. 949.

Shere immediately raifed

Not

he could, and reduced Behar.

forces

deferted ^- ^- 54^

fatisfied

with

this Shere

and penetrated info the heart of and

his fortune,

before he could

make

enters

^^"S^-

Bengal, having fought with the omrahs of that country feveral lharp
battles,

rc-

himfelf mafter of the palTes, which

were defended a whole month.

"Sultan

Chan

Mahmood

of Bengal {hut himfelf up in Gour, which Shere

for a long time befieged.

ing raifed a diftuibance, he

and returned himfelf

fcarce in

to Behar.

Mahmood

Provifions

Mahmood

Gour, Sultan

Shere Chan, having fettled

him.

left

One of the zemindars of Behar havChawafs Chan to carry on the liege,

fled in a boat to

affairs in

diately fell into the

Hadjepoor ; and

Behar, returned and purfued

fled his

kingdom, which imme-

his expedition to Guzerat, thought

put a flop to the rifing power of Shere Chan.

He

it

who commanded

Ghazi Soor,

retired to the hills

of Bercundah, from whence he very

liis

for arms againa

Jellal

there, left the defence of the place to

Hur
jmaiooa
turns

that purpofe turned towards the redudion of Chinar.

Chan,

much

The ftege had been carried on flx months,

when Rumi Chan, who commanded the king's artillery, by fome
kind of a floating battery, which he fent down the river clofe to the
annoyed the

overthrow*

hands of the conqueror.

Humaioon, returning from

and

mood Lodi,

length very

at

being neceffitated to give battle, was defeated, and

being wounded in the engagement,

necefl'ary to

becoming

Befieees Sul-

befiegers.

Takes Chi.
nar.

wall, reduced the place.

Humaioon

left

towards Bengal.
ferved,

two hundred
Sultan

was wounded

foldiers in garrifon there,

Mahmood, who,

in the adtion

under the proteftion of Humaioon.

Gurhi, which

Vol. XL

is

as

and marched

we have

already ob-

with Shere Chan, threw himfelf

When

the king

had advanced to

the frontier of Bengal, he found that Shere

Marches

Chan had
fent

g^\,

to-

HISTORY OF IIIND03TAN.

THEJ^'^'il

Chan, ChaWaf^ Cbah,

The

pnls.

a'aooddetRchnicnt, to uartl that

king fcnx Jchangire KulU Beg, and fome

them

to diflodge

arid

otlicr

omrahs,

but they were repulfed in feveral attacks.

Being,

however, fnpported by more troops, and the whole army appearing

in

l-'l^'ht,

a fwceeli=ful allault

^^'"^

I'likV^'

a^Z^\o

'"hl^

J*^'^^^ C^^'^" ^^''^

P^^^-

who, being

no condition

in

^^^^ capital, carried off

^

Jarcw'

was made, and the Moguls became maX-

all

engage

to

Chan

father Shere
fo fuperior a

his wealth to die

at Goiiri

force, evacuated

mountains of Jarcund,

projea a fcheme for poffefiing himftjlf of Rhotas, that

he might there lodge

and wealth in

his family

fecurityi)3:jf,iQqq,bBfi

'J'otake Rhotas by open force was an impoffible attempt,^. ^.^t was

byTft^au"'
?/^>
therefore nceeffary to devife feme ftratas;em, by which fuccefs micht*

takes the impiegiiabie

Rhotas".

to

'

bc hopcd. Shere, for this purpofe, fent a meffage to Raja Berkifs,

was

in poifeflion

of this impregnable

fortrefs,

and

told

who

him, **That

as

he

himfelf was going to attempt the recovery of Bengal, he hoped, from,

their

former

friendlliip, that

he would permit him

to fend his family

The raja

and treafure into the place, with a few attendants."

rcjeded

but Shere Chan feat an artful embaffador tQ the

fecpad time, with fome handfome prefents, acquainting him,

raja, a
*'

this requeft,

That.it was Qnly for his

protedion

women

That fhould he be

and treafure he requeued the

if

he

fall

on

for the favor

fliould lofe his life in the conteft,

family and wealth fhould

raja's

fortunate enough, to conquer Bengal,

he would make proper acknowledgments

but

at {nil

his retuf n

he rather chofe that

j.

his

than inlo thofq of the

into his hands,

Moguls, his inveterate enemies."

/u

j:j<Llt tilk

The

raja',

fi'jlfiv/

tZ'Jlh^^

therefore confented

covered

which were
I

UJ^

lUiJt

-Ji

permitting himfelf to be deluded by his avarice, deter-

mined, when once in

vided

OiiJ

to

poffeffion

to Shere's

dooUes

go

*,

fir ft,

of the treafure,

filled

them

with armed

The fame

Shere

requeil:.

all,

men

to keep

and

it,

Chan having pror

except

two

and arms.

or three,

He,

at

the

with fedan chairs.

fame

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANi.

filled five

firtie titne,

hundred money bags with

163

and appointed

ball,

Ibme of
with

his beft foldiers to cat ry

flicks in

This

iii

the difguife

carried the doolies,

were diiguifed

train accordingly fet out,

and the

-^

'5'^^'

'of flave,

up the mountain.

their hands, to help the treafure

The men, who

ner.

them,

^V-

'^S' 949-

in the

firft

fame man-

and fecond dooly

being examined at the gate, wete found to contain only old v/omen,

was neglected. The

fo further examination

When

the doolies

was, in the

now reckoned

own

had reached the houfe which the

raja

had appointed, the wolves rufhed out among the

The

to dye the fold with their blood.

flieep,

Ghan,

who were

who was encamped

with a few

follcyivers^

off their guard,

They

The

fell

found means to cfcape into the woods, by

the hands of Shere Chan, together with

been accumulating there

Cjaa,

is

]a

'

one of the moft impregnable

this {Iratagem

eafJy

raja hiiPifelf,

private pafl;tge behind the fort.

Thus

till

and admitted Sherc

fmall diftance.

at a

and begun

porters ufed their ftaves,

they fupplied themfelves with arms from the doolies.

maftered the garrifon,

mean time,

part of his

bufy in counting the bags, which he

fortune.

raja

fortrefies in

much

the world into

treafure,

which had

The merit of the invention of

The fort of Afere, in^the De-

for ages.

not due to Shefe.

was, long before, taken in the fame manner by Nafir

Ghan

Faroki, governor of Ghandez.

Rhof^ris lJGi1rupon'tt!rte-^et top of

mountain; the only entrance to it is a very narrow road, through a flcep afcent of one
crore, from the foot of the hill to the gates, which are three
in
number, one above another, defended by guns' and roiring-ftohes.
a

The

fquare contents of the fortified table land, on the top of

the

mountain,

is

more than

tdwns, villages, and corn

the furface.
precipice,

On

one

and another

five

crores.

fields^!

fide runs

In this fpace are contained

and water

is

found a few feet from

the river Sone, under an immenfe

river, in the

fame manner,
2

palTes clol^e to the

otiier

Dercrirtion

THE IHSTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. p.
Hig..

ami bolh meeting;,

a

ojth^rjfidflf*

948.

'

There

augular pcninfula.
full

all

Chan

Shere

way next

accefs that

nad"

now

began to acquire

friends

maioon,
fures,

at

mean

the

in

frefh fpirits

his brother,

by

He

there

had revolted

in luxurious plea-

received' advices

Agra and Mewat

iii

and coined money

to death,

nisr

Hu-

of fuccefs.

this piece

months

and

in his

that

that

own name;

therefore left Jehangire Kulli Beg, with five thoufand horfe,

m^rdietback

Gour,' and returned towards

By

in-

As:ra..

the excefiive rains and bad roads, the king's cavalry and t>caW'

of burthen periflied

want of

in great

numbers, on

Shere Ghan,

forage.

his

march, by fatigue and^

who had now

army, entrenched himfelf on the banks of the

whicli the king muft of
ovlrthlmvn
by Slieie

fide*

over the mountains, and

a fecure retreat for his family,

time, fpent three

he had put Shech Phoul

wards
Agra.

all

tri-*^

to impoffible.

Gour, or Lucknouti.

Mirza Hindal,

hill into a

deep valley on the third

a vcny

is

of impervious woods, which fpread

render

t'

below, form the

little

neceffity. pafs,

^^^^ with grcat flaughter, in the

raifed
Jofla,

numerous

in a place

by

and, by treachery, defeated

manner which we have

Shere did not immediately pufh forward to

lated.

already re-

the capitaU

t,'han

Anxious to leave no enemy behind him, he returned to Bengal, engaged Jehangire Kulli Beg
length, cut

him and

Shere

SH3W

afiiime. the

jmpenal

ti-

hlfiiory

him, and, at

to pieces*

nr.

of the reign of Shere Shaw, the Afghan;

OHERE SHAW,

army

SECTION

The

his

in feveral battles, defeated,

immediately

alTumed the imperial

r

title,'

after

the reduflion of Bengal,

ftruck the coin,

and read the chutba,

in-

his

owiL name.

wards Ag^ra.

He

The

marched, the next year, with a great army, to-

unfortunate

Humaioon was, by

this time, deferted

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

and- hated

by

account of his attention to his

Turkuman

mercenaries.

fifty

Shere, as

thoufand.

Humaioon, and purfued him

tioned, defeated

He, how-

with one hundred thoufand horfe, and met Shere

ever, croiTed the river

Chan, who had but

his

A. D. 154a.
Hig. 949,

omrahs, on
Mogul
^

Mirza Camiran,

brother
/ his

b.y

we have already mento

Agra, Lahore,, and

Chofhab; from which place the king retreated towards Sind^

Ghazi Chan,

Ifmaiel Chan,
all

Fatti

Chan, and Billoche Dudai,

The

omrahs of that country, joined Shere Shaw.

ing a

among

hill,

dered one to be
faithful flave, to

the mountains of Balnat, proper for a

built,

which he named Rhotas.

Chawafs Chan,, his

now made Amir

ul

penfion of a tenth of the royal revenue,

left

fortrefs, or-

whofe bravery and condud: he owned himfelf greatly

indebted for his fortune, was

Having

fultan, obferv-

the

Amir

ul

Omrah, with
^^^-.Mv--..

^/l-*

Maizes

Ch3>

captain gene^

a"^^'"

-^ff

Omrah, and Hybut Chan Neazi, with

a-

great army, in the north weft, Shere Shav7 returned towards Agra.

He
left

was

in that city informed,

whorn he

that Chizer.Cha,a Sirik,

fuba of Bengal, had married the daughter of Mahmood, the for-

mer

fultan of that province,

Having experienced,
iich

in his

and held the

ftate

of a fovereign prince.

own. fortune, the danger of permitting,

behavior to go unpunifned, he marched immediately to Bengal.

Chizer Chan being unexpededly furprized, fubmitted without trouble,

and was imprifoned. Shere Shaw very prudently divided the kingdom
of Bengal among a number of omrahs, independent of one another,

and appointed Kafi

Fazilit, a native

of Kurrah, famous for his learn-

ing and policy, to fuperintend the whole.

He

himfelf, after thefe

trauLadiions, retired to AG:ra..

r.

In the year nine hundred and forty nine, Shere

Having advanced

wards Malava.
ghan,

who had

as far

made

as Gualier,

motion to-

Suja

Chan Af-

before invefted the place, on the part of Shere Shavy.

found means to

Settle

matters with Abul Cafim Beg, governor of

GualieiT

R"'^"*^^^
gl.L

t?ie-

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

i66
^^r'
T.i'.ccs

'^i^

he delivered up that fliong

Giinlicr for HuiilaidOni''a^d

Gua- his

"'jf''^

hands

vd, vt

ii;ftr>inf;<:f

fortrefs Jnto

MMlbni'i

"'h'.';

lier.

Shaw having

Shere

'^^'^

hva"'^*^^

entered Malava, Mullu Chan, governor of that

Being, however, a few

province, fubmitted without a blow.

after,

alarmed by fomething, he

Hadjee Chan was appointed

fled

from the

dayj}

camp, and

king's

Chan had alfo

a jagier conferred upon him in that country.
Shere Shaw having
marched from thence to Rintimpore, Mullee Chan fell upon the gogovernment

to that

Suja

vernor of Malava, and upon Suja Chan, but he was defeated.

Chan having

acquired

all

the honor of the vidtory, Hadjee

Stija

Chan was

fuperfeded and recalled, and the government conferred upon Suja.

Takes Riutimpore.

Sherc

Shaw

polleffion

of Sultan

arriving

before Rintimpore, had the addrefs to get

_

of that important

Mahmood

Lodi,

from the governor, on the part

fortrefs,

who had

after taking Rintim.pore, returned to

ftill

Agra.

kept

He

it.

The

remained

emperor,

in that city

a whole year, fettling the internal police of the empire, and regulatin'gf

He,

his army.

in the

Moultan from the

Bellochies.

Chan Bellochi, and

Fatti

count of this exploit, the

He

marches

Wxlf

J^^^

coucubines.

^'^^^

time, ordered

Hybut Chan

This Hybut foon effefted by defeating

entirely fubduing that country.

title

to wreft

of Azim

hundrcd and

Humaioon

fifty,

He had, on ac-

conferred upon him.

Paran Mull, the fon of Raja

Suckdeo Parbia, having conquered fome neighbouring pergunnahs,

for^
keeping two j^^ent
thoirfand

mean

no

zinnana.

him

lefs

.....

than tv/o thoufand concubines and dancing

The

king, refenting this indignity,

in the fort of Raifein.

The

fiege

girls in his

marched and

inverted

being protraded for a long

time, Paran Mull began to treat of a capitulation. This was granted

to

him upon

arms,

the honorable terms of marching out, with

treafure, family,

garrifon,

marched out with four thoufand

and efFeds.

Paran

all

his

accordingly

rajaputs, and, trufting to the fliith

which had been pledged, encamped

at a fmall diflance.

But

Tim m^'mp^ of h
:

But Shere Sha;^,. W^io n^^e^

isept

t^e

n d o s t a n.
of,, treaties,

fjiith

167

was.eafily ^^P- ^543-

Frfuadcd, by his bafe minifters, particularly by Amir Rnffi

*

Suffvi, infamoufly to violate his

and ordered them aU

for this horrid piece

of the

Dien

Histreaciur*
and cruelty.

Pie furrounded the rajaputs,

honor.

He, however, paid very dear

to be maffacred.

of cruelty and treachery.

The

death in one eye^arvd revenge jn the other, fought

them was

ul

rajaputs, placing
till

man

every

of

dead on the plain, and above double their number

laid

affaffins.

Shere Shaw,

after

this

infamous tranfadion, returned to Agra

Having remained there a few months,

to refrefli

and recruit his army,

march he intrenched him-

he marched towards Marwar. Duriny;

his

felf every night,

as to exercife his

make them

as well for fecurity,

When

expert in this necelTary fervice.

the fands, he formed redoubts

all

troops,

he came

round him with gabions.

manner he entered the country of the

He

to crofs

of Nagor and Todpoor,

raja

oppoled the king, with

and

In this

whofe name was Maldeo, and elleemed the moft powerful

Hindoftan.

m^'rches

raja in

thoufand rajaputs, and

fifty

both armies lay thirty days in light of one another.

Shaw wouldnow have been glad toretreat quietly. But the danwas too great, at the fame time the enemy was fo advantageoufly

Shere
ger

ported as to render an attack too hazardous. In the midftof this alarm-

ing lituation, a fuccefsful ftratagem fuggefced

Maldeo having conquered

inheritance, Shere

charader, in the
fetting forth,

them

forged a

name of

the

letter, in

raja's

him

weary of

till

then with

his yoke.

Raja

generals, addreffed to himfelf*

fidelity

That

the king.

which he had no right by

the Hindoo language and

That, being conquered by the

neceffity, ferved
fecret, very

Shaw

that country, to

itfelf to

if

raja,

they had, through

but that they were, in

he would therefore,

reinftate

former poiTeffions, they were willing to make him a

due acknowledgement for the favor." On this letter Shere fuperin their

fcribed, as ufual, in Perfian,

That they

fliould fear nothing, defiring

them:;

and, hy a

d'cdKs^'the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

l68

perfevcrc in their intentions, and that they

^^^^'^^

^thi

that

letter

was purpofely thrown

into the

being always in dread of his omrahs, was

fore declined the battle,

which

lie

way of

he ordered

a retreat

he was determined

his

tribe,

own

and

at-

He

Upon

raja

his

by

the fourth day

had been deceived by thefe forgehis miftake.

wipe off the

to

their reputation,

Shaw, with

The

returns

there-

Having found

the raja's fufpicions

could not be removed, he told him.
r
^

Sliere

He

raja

endeavoured to perfuade him of

thrown upon

with

He

in his nnjuft fufpicion,

the fufpcftcd treachery was unpreceden-ted

that

who,

but Cunia, one of his principal omrahs, having

found out in what manner the

japut on>rah.

the raja,

eafily deceived.

the eagernefs which they expreffed to engage.

pofalofaRs-

alTurcd,

intended to give that day.

was even more and more confirmed

ries,

rcfl:

he would comply with their demand.

This

Gallant pro- j^^t

might

own

by his

among

ftain

own

That

true Rajaputs,

which the

raja

and

had

blood, or the conqueft of

tribe.

continued to retreat, but the gallant Cania, with a few

Other chicfs, and ten or twelve thoufand men, turned back, with an

camp.

intent to furprize Shere Shaw's

miftake, loft their way, and

it

was

fair

They, however, by fome

day light before they faw the

enemy. Shere Shaw immediately fornied, and came out

Though

againft

them.

the king's army, by the fmalleft computation, confifted of

eighty thoufand fighting men, this handful of brave Rajaputs repulfed

them repeatedly, and would have certainly defeated them, if Jellal

Chan Selwani had not at that infta-nt arrived with a frefh reinforceAfter an ob-

ment, to join the imperial army.

the rajaputs'
are cut to
pieces.

with renewed vigor, broke them

,

Shere falhng upon the Rajaputs

and the brave Cunia, with almoft

is whole army, were cut to pieces.

Shere Shaw, finding himfelf in poffeflion of a

Remarkable j^^^}
faying of
i>here

Shaw.

^j-

exclaimed,
one time defpaired,
^

he had

almoft given the

vicflory

of which he

That, for a handful of barley,

_

Empire of Hindoftan

to the wind."

This
grain.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

grain,
for

feems, was

it

the fcanty produce of that Tandy country, -^^p-

all

which the inhabitants fought. with

Maldeo having heard of

men,
ferted

and being,

lofs

fo

many

brave

for his pufillanimity,

de-

by the greateft part of his army, he retreated among the

*

mountains of Sedpocw.

Shere Shaw, aftr this bloody

turned his army towards He

vi(ftory,

the fort of Chitor,. which was furrendered to

He

of

'54j-

Raja

niuch obflinacy.

fo

and the

this action,

into deep affliclion

fell

169

him by

takes

capitulation.

then directed his march to Rintimpore, and gave that country

in jagier to his fon

who

Adil Chan,

moved towards

fultan, in perfon,

fixed his refidence there.

Callinger,

The

of the ftrangeft forts in Hindoftan.

which

raja

is

efteemed one

of Callinger, on ac-

eount of the king's treacherous behavior to Par an Mull, would

no fubmiffion, but prepared himfelf

proaches to

Shere Shaw,

for hoftilities.

line

the. place

he

raifed

mounds of

by the

a live fhell,

imperialifls,

king ftood.

The

down

linger;

befieges th&.
place.

The

earth for his artillery,

royal batteries

were now ad-

vanced very near the walls, breaches were made, and a general

when

fits

of circumvallation, begun to carry on his ap-

and funk mines urider the rock.

ordered,

and

make

having drawn a

The

which had been thrown

againft the fort

rebounded back into the battery

fliell

afTault

in

which the

burft in the midil of a quantity of powder>

which had not been properly

Several gunners

were blown The king

up; the king, Shech Chalile, Mulla Nizam Danifhmund, and DiriaM^^-.^

Chan Serwani, were burnt

fecured.

in fo terrible a

manner, that they vvere

carried for dead to their tents^

In this dreadful condition the king began to breathe,

agonies

he, however, encouraged

and gave orders,

the redudlion of
**

till

He

continuance of the attack,

the

news was brought him of

in the evening

the place.

in great

then

cried

The

the Almighty God," and expired.

out,

death

" Thanks to
of Shere

Shaw He

happen-ed on the twelfth of Ribbi ul Awil, in the year nine hundred

Vol.

II.

and

dies,

THE HISTORY OF MIKDOSTAN.

\70
"^-^P-

^5+5-

and

fifty

He

two.

mounted the throne

fpent fifteen years in a military

and he

upon the mufnud

fat

before

life

ihc

em-

five years> as

peror of Hindoftan.

His charac-

charadcr of Shere Shaw

and

virtue

almoft equally divided between

is

Public juflice prevailed in the kingdom, while

vice.

private adts of treachery diflionored

feemed

to

have made breach of

would by no means permit

which he

a royal property,

faith

his fubjedts to fliare with

mufnud, he might have been

to the

valiant and politic in

war

Had

juft,

Had

Hlsmagnificence,

made him look up

fteps

he was

to the throne,

flage,

many

is

but his great

to afcend.

Shaw left many monuments of

From Bengal and Sennargaum,

which

he was

and he cared not by what

Shere
j^.^^

as

he confined his mind to his jagier*

he might merit the charafter of a virtuous omrah

foul

We

him.

ought, perhaps, to afcribe this vice to the ambition of Shere.

he been born

He

the hands of the king.

fifteen

hundred crores

and dug a well

*,

he

his magnificence

the

to

magnificent mofques for the worfhip of

Befides,

God on

he

feral, all travellers,

every
raifed

the highway,

He

wherein he appointed readers of the Koran and Imams.

dered that at every

Nilab,

Sind, or

built caravanferais at

end of every crore.

at the

behind'

or^

without diftindlion of country

or religion, fliould be entertained, according to their quality, at the

public expence.

He,

at the

fame time, planted rows of

fruit trees

along the roads, to preferve travellers from the fcorching heat of the
'fun,

Was

the

firft

regukr*^"
horfe ports,

as well as to gratify their tafle.

Horfe-pofts wcre placed at proper diflances, for forwarding quick

intelligence to government,

refpondence.

was the

7 his

and

for the

eflablifhment was

advantage of trade and cor-

new

.public fecurity during his reign,

in

Hindoflan.

Such

that travellers and

* About three thoufand of our

mer-

niiles.

chants.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

down

their goods,

that Sherc

Shaw heing

chants, throwing

went without

171

fear to fleep

A^j^-

on

J54v

the highway.

It

faid

is

repHed,

was

It

He

propnated

to public juihce,

divided his time into four equal parts

the'

one

One he

reft

and recreation.

He

which he had

a magnificent fepulchre

ap- His

attention

army, one

to the regulations or his

and the remainder to

ried at SefTaram, in

grew white,

he had obtained the empire towards the

true that

evening.

to worfhip,

told that his beard

was bubuilt in

middle of a great tank, or refervoir of water.

SECT
Tbe

reign of Selim

WHEN
Ton,

Shere

Shaw was numbered

Adil Chan,

then

The

whom

omrahs,

at fo great a diftance,

Jellal

Chan,

who

fluence of Ifah

who

with" the dead, his eldeft

he appointed
Jellal,

his fucceflbr,

the village of

in

favored Jellal

more

pretended the necelTity of

They,

as foon as poflible.

IV.

Shaw, the Son.of Shere Shaw;

Rintimpore, and his younger fon,

nearPhetah.

O N

for that purpofe,

his party,

Illam Shaw, which,

by

Selim Shaw, by which

faife

fifty

filling

the throne

by the in-

Jellal,

mounted the throne,

and afflimed the

tv'o,

Re win,

th ^n his brother,

the fbrtrefs of Callinger, upon the feventeenth of Ribbi ul

the year nine hundred and

at-

difpatched exprefTes to

arrived in ftve days in the camp.-

Chan Hugab, and

was

Awd,
title

jellal

Chan

in [hroneVy^h^
in

of

pronunciation, was turned to that of

name he

is

more

generally knavva.

Selim Shaw, having taken upon him the imperial dignity, wrote to
his elder brother, in the follov/ing

words:

Adil being at Co great

a diftance, and 1 fo near, to prevent difturbance, I took

upon

me

the

vvrtcs
^'^^

brother,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^- P- ^^4f' *<:i}^e
Hip. 9521

command

Jellal, after

Agra, and
He

is

6( the army

only to forward

at

my

his return.

till

writing this

marched from Callinger towards

letter,

Kurrah was met by Chawafs Chan, who renewed, the

magnmcent

throne, holding a

upon the
mufnud.

K_urrah, Selim

Shaw

lellival

Shaw wrote another

Adil

aiifwer.

Ctittub

know

to

hope from them.

for anfwer,
**

fecond time on the

From

occafion.

begging in

letter to his brother,

come and

fee

him*

Chan wrote to the omrahs of Selim Shaw, particularly to

Chan Naib, Ifah Chan Neazi, Chawafs Chan,' and Jellal Chan

Selwani, to
to

upon that

the -moft affedtionate terms, that he would

His brother's

intentions are

brother's intereft, and to fupport his authority/!

ccremonies of royalty, and placed Selim

placed

my'

But

**

That,

what purpofe he was

He,
if

at

invited,

and what he was

the fame time, returned to his brother

he would fend thefe four omrahs

proper afTurances, he would come." Selim

Shaw fent

to

him, with

accordingly the

four omrahs to Adil Shaw, to aflure him, in the moft folemn manner,

that "he would permit him, if he pleafed, to depart after the

terview: But that, as the omrahs had Inverted

power, he could not be

him with

fo ungrateful as to defert

firft

in-

the imperial

them.

However^

make fome compenfation to Adil, for the empire, he was determined to give him his choice of any of the provinces in free jagier.

to

Adil Shaw, upon

had reached the

tTiefe afTurances,

village

of Sikri *,

Selim

Shaw was

hunting party, near that place, and appointed carpets

The

inter-

view of the
brothers.

Theirdefigns
againft one
another.

for their interview.

fg^c^j^j^ f^j-

Here the

anotiier,

and

When

proceeded to Agra.

to

out on

he
a

be fpread

brothers diffembled the greateft af-

after

fome

difc-ourfe fet

out for Aera.

o

Selim Shaw, wlio wanted to fcize his brother, gave private orders,
that Only a few of his retinue fhould be admitted into the citadel;

but Adil

Shaw had

liazards,

which they accordingly

alfo

given orders to his people to prefs

Now

in,

at all

did, in fpite of all oppoiition.

Fattepoor,

Selim

THE HISTORVi vOF. HINDOSTAN:;

^j-

Selim

Shaw

ikw, that, without running a great rifque, nothing -^^p-

who was

could be effedled againft his brother,

He,

guard.

He

even proceeded fo

upon the throne.

indolent

man,

truft froni the

Shaw was

had recourfe

therefore,

to

flattery

much upon

who was

naturally a timorous

knowing how

rejedled this propofal,

before he

this,

all

made

him
and

he had

little

omrahs, and a deceitful, ambitious brother.

well aware of

his Tranfaaions

and diffimulation.

hold of Adil's hand, to place

far, as to lay

Adil Shaw,

fo

^?4J'

to

Selim

this extraordinary

offer.

Juft as Selim expedled, fb

^he

difturbancd'which

it

fell

out; Adil Shaw, intimidated by AdU makes

had been made

at

him emperor.

who were

a voluntary

Shaw on

the throne,

This was inftantly followed by

refig-

nation of the
^"^^"^^*

the court,

all

waiting with impatience the iffue of this extraordinary

They immediately advanced

farce.

made

the gate,

refignation of his birthright, and placing Selim

faluted

folemn

to the throne in fucceffion, and,

according to their rank, prefented their nazirs *, while others ex-

ceremony of the

hibited the
*

our

lives

ifar

-f-,

We offer

crying out aloud, "

and fortunes to the king."

The ceremonies being ended, Cuttub Chan, and the other omrahs, Adil obtains
who had paifed their words to Adil Shaw, requefled, that, as he had o^Bianrin^
pitched upon Biana for his jagier, he, according to promife,

fhould-'^^^^'"'

be regularly invefled with that province, and permitted to depart.

Selim

Shaw

confented, and

all

matters being

leave to quit Agra, accompanied

* OfFerlngs made upon

fettled,

he gave Adil

by Ifah Chan and Chawafs Chan;

public occafions to the emperor.

noilo j

jq -joj

prince to the
+ Ifar, or Teffiduck, is a ceremony ufed upon the acceHion of
throne ; the omrahs running three times round the king, waving an offering of money, in a charger, three times over the

monarcys

head.

delivered over to the royal almoner,^ tp'^be dift^ibuted;

~ ,
made to the emperor.
offerings

This money

in, ch^rityj^ as,

is

afterwards

indejed .are all

But

THE HISTORY OF IHNDOSTAN.

A. p.

154;.

But-iifter

two months, Selim gave

eunuchs, a pair of golden

Adil Shaw,
fet

Chawafs

Cha

out for

d^.^^

kindles

a rebellion in

go and bring Adil Shaw

fetters, to

vvhofe honor

was concemcd

He

placed his fetters upon his

lion againft Selim

them

great

He

marches

intereft

feized

upon Ghazi Mahh',

and exalted the fpear of rebel-

legs,

Shaw.

of Chawafs was great

private

letters,

army was foon

raifed,

Chan and

among

the omrahs.

many

and brought

When

perplexity.
^j^.^

wrote

over to his party.

He, upon

Jellal

who

Chan,

his

way, received

letters

thought themfelves

honored by the king's behavior, affuring him of their

SelimJngreat

He

and Chawafs, with Adil Shaw and Ifah

Chan, marched towards Agra.

^^o"^ Cuttub

Ajra'.'''

own

acquainted

was rouzed with com-

in this affair,

paffion for the unfortunate prince.

him,

Chawafs Chan,

of his brother's bafenefs.

tears,

He

rcfided.

his

prifoner.

againft

this defign

Mewat, whereChawafs Chan then

favorofAdil.

to

Ghazi Mahli, one of

having timcous inteUigence of

omrah, with

The

to

dif-

affillance.

confederate omrahs arrived before Agra, Selim Shaw,

tlie

unexped:ed

He

was thrown into the utmoft perplexity.

vifit,

called

Cuttub Chan and

them

for not dilTuading

Jellal

Chan

him from

and reproached

to his prefence,

that impolitic ftep

which had

drawn upon him fuch dangerous confequences. Cuttub Chan rethat he would
plied, *' That the bufinefs was not yet irremediable
;

undertake to

every thing in an amicable manner."

fettle

not fufpe6Ung the

fidelity

of the

tvv-o

Selim

Shaw

omrahs, immediately defired

that they fliould go to Adil Shaw, and compromife affairs.

When

they
ProDofes to
fty t'oChinar.jj^^g^^-Qj^g

were gone, Selim Shaw difcovered

to his friends

liis

q flying to Chinar, v^here the treafure was lodged, and

there to raife an
Is dlfTuaded

Hand

his

to reduce his brother,

prefent in a condition to oppofe.

SefohlT^rom
to

army

this refolution.

He

told

Ifah

him,

houfand Chermalli Patans, who had

whom

Chan Hujab

he was not
diffuaded

at

him

That he had with him ten

ferved

him

before he afcended

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

the throne,

whom -he could

to

Do

field.

was the heighth of

folly,

therefore,

when he had

price of fortune,

the

many

it

which God had given him,

the empire,

trufi:

not fufped of liMhc^on, befides

That

other faithful fervants.

i75

it

not, faid Ifah,

in his

power

^54^

the future ca-

to

to defend

throw away the

a^.^;

it

inftantly in

friends Vv'hom

you

have acquired in your profperity, with a vain hope to pick up others

of

in the feafon

omrah,

The

diftrefs.

to appear at the

is

of refolution on the

field

wifeft courfe for you, continued the

head of your troops, and

of war.

This

will fecure

Selim

Shav^'',

He

ground.

encouraged by

this bold advice,

refolved to ftand' his

who had

not yet

fet out,

accommodate matters

to

with Adil, and commanded them to his prefence.

That having
omrahs

in

altered his

mind, he was refolved not to

He

the hands of his enemies.

troops to their arms,

marched out of the

He

told

them,

truft his faithful

forthwith ordered his

city,

and formed his army

plain.

The

omrahs,

king in the

who had

promifed to favor Adil Shaw, feeing their

afliamed to betray him, were necefiitated to fight,

field>

greatly difconcerted

Chawafs Chan, who, every minute, ex-

pedted they would join him.

very,

your wavering

immediately difpatched a mefTage to Cuttub Chan, and

the other omrahs,

which

the foot

and intimidate the enemy."

troops,

on the

to fix

1^1
but he

He, however, fought with great bra-

'^1

was overthrown.

Engages the
and^m'erthrows them

Adil Shaw, after this unfortunate battle, fled towards Patna, but

Adil Shaw

he foon difappeared, and was never heard of afterwards. Chawals

Chan and Ifah Chan Neazi, fled to Mewat. Selim Shaw fent an

^'^^P^^^"*

army

in purfuit

Firofpoor.

of thofe omrahs, but they came off

The

imperial

chiefs

were obliged

SeUm

fent

army being foon

to retreat

Cuttub Chan

among

in purfuit

vi<florious,

at

after reinforced, the rebel

the mountains of

Cumaoon.

of them, and he plundered

all

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

countries lying about the fkirts of the

^Hi^" 9st^'

thing againft them.

Selim Shaw,

hills,

without cfTedling

marched

after thefc tranfadions,

anj*

to Chinar.

On

the way, he was informed of the treaionable correlpondence of Jellal

Chan with
be put

Adil, before the late decifive battle, and ordered

to death,

the confpiracy.

Aat

together with his brother,

The

king having arrived

fortrefs all the treafure,

fent

it

at

who was

him

to

concerned in

Chinar, he took out of

to Gualier,

and returned himfcif

to Agra.

Cuttub Chan, finding that Selim was no ftranger

he had afted

He

in the late difturbances,

fled, therefore,

to

Azim Humaioon, and

ders

to

Azim Humaioon

font pumfh-

rival,

was

particularly

out.

much

drefs to clear himfelf of

rebellion,

known by the title of

Selim Shaw fent or-

unfortunate Cuttub, upon his ar-

with

many

other fufpeded per^

Azim Humaioon and

Suja Chan, fuba

about this time, called to court.

latter,

The

firft

obeying the fummons, had the ad-

what he was accufed, and

fo

was

reinftated

government.

The

king, after thefe tranfadtions,

moved towards Rhotas,

to

bring the treafure, which his father had depofited in that place, to

Azim Humaioon, deferted him on

The king, from this circumftance,
the way, and fled to Lahore.
concluded that a rebellion was in agitation, which determined him
Aora.

Lahore,

Shebaz Chan Lohani, the king's brother-in-law,

exGufed himfelf, and the

Rhotas?*

The

fent prifoner to Gualier,

ofMalava, were,

The king

afraid to return to court.

claimed his prote6tion.

complied.

whofe eyes were put

in his

at

which

Lahore, that Cuttub fliould be fent to Agra, with which

Several fuf-

fons,

Hybut Chan

was

to the part

Seid Chan, the brother of

to return immediately to Agra.

all

quarters,

He

foon afl^embled his forces from

and marched to Delhi, where he ordered the new

which Humaioon had

built,

to be walled in with ftone.

city

At Delhi,
Suja

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'Suja

Chan

mained only

the

few days in Delhi

r T

him with

joined

The

army from Malava.

to regulate his

re--^- P- '547Hig. 954.

took Seiim
marches to
Lahore.

kin?

army, and then

the rout 01 Lahore.

Azim

H umaioon,

Chawals Chan, and other

with double the king's

came out

forces,

difaffeifled chiefs, The rebels

before Selim at Ambatta. Ambaua!

^'

Selim arriving within fight of the rebels, difmounted, and, with a

few friends, afcended

when he had
\%

fbmp

for

not confiftent with

lious

and

army

to

It

a riling ground for the purpofe of reconnoitring;

tirne

viewed their

my honor

to

difpofition,

he

faid

**

It

have any patience with a rebel-

and, at thefe words, he ordered his Jinp to be formed,

"

advance againft them.

happened very fortunately

the preceding night, there had

for the affairs of Selim, that,

arifen a difpute

Chawafs Chan

f als, about the fucceflion to the throne.

made

fearch fliould be
,oufiy affirmed,

**

for Adil

That

among the

own

On

rebel gene-

^^^^^^

infifted that

was no man's inheritance, but

the e.rnpire

views.

oifputcs

Shaw, and Azim Humaioon llrenu-

fliould always follow the fortune of the fword."

ed out his

upon

this

This plainly point-

head, animofity and fadion arofe,

>b that as foon as the rebels had formed the line,

Chawafs Chan

rc-

ji^g^^^p^^^^^
^""^

without flrikine a blow.

This circum^
^
thrown.
_
ilance fo much, difcouraged the remaining part of the rebels, that

treated, with
'

his troops,

all

their refiftauce

was

faint,

and an unexpeded vidory

fell

to Selim.

But, in the midfl: of this tide of good fortune, the fultan narrov/ly An
.efcaped with his

ther of

life,

from

Azim Humaioon.

friends in armor,

4pite

An

his vidory.

obferved and

of

all

knew

11,

This gallant omrah, with ten of 'his

as if they

were about

Seid,

and ftruck

army which

way through, Avord

in

troopS;,

to congratulate

who ftood
him with his

eiephant-.driver,

the guai'ds, and the

hks party cut their

VcL.

attempt of Seid Chan, the bro-

mixed, without difcovery, with the king's

and advanced towards him,

upon

a daring

him

near the king,

fpcar':

Yet, in

flood round, Seid and

hand, and efcaped.

Th(;

"f

attempt
g^^i-l!*

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTANl

17^
^Hig. 955**

He purLs
tne rebels
to

tiie

m-

The

who

rebels,

called themlelvcs the Neazies,

tas,

I'll'
which his

Shaw
1

tatlier

Weis Serwani, with

to Agra, and

purfuing theni as far as the

had

He, from

built.

Suja

after

before,

ed

a:

defcrt-

Chan going one day up

whom

dl'w

fri'f*

r^nr^f

^-nrf^fj-t

one Of-

Suja had deprived of his right hand fome time

fide

of the road, with a defpe-

rate intention to be revenged

upon that omrah.

out iipon Suja, and inflidled a

wound with

...

of Rho-

and returned himfelf

proceeded to ^ualicfi '1 -idw

to the fort befoi'e the king,

had concealed himfelf by the

Gualicr

fort

a ftrong force after them,

from thence foon

aperfon

iTian,

new

thence, detaclied Chaja

is

mo% of

moun- mountains, Selim

tains.

He

being

that flimlly, retreated, after this defeat, to Dincot, near Ro'^ in the

^ I j
7

The

aifaflln

his dagger..

rufhed

Suja, with-

bySujaChan. out enquiring into the matter, imagined that the whole was done by

the inftigation of the king, and therefore

with great precipita-

fled,,

way towards Malava, with all his forces. The

king purfued him as far as Mundu, but hearing that he had fled to
Bantwalla, he returned, leaving Ifah Chan Soor, with twenty thoution,

and made

his

fand horfc, at Ugein, toobferve his motions.

year nine hundred and

fifty four.

;^fT|iis

Neazi

theSlLl'^- sg^ii^ft

rebels,

Azim Humaioon, who purfued him

lim Shaw hearing of this defeat, aflernbled

patched
They

are, in

cvenh-own

it,

were taken

They throw
'und^r^he'

proteaion of
tnc (jickers.

rebels,

war
Se-

a greStt army, and dif-

at Simbollo,

rebels.

Azim HuThe rebels

but were overthrown

Azim Humaioon's mother, and

prifonersv'J .yi}fiiJ0D t>ds

The Neazi

earry on the

to retreat in his turn to Dincot.

upon the imperial army

with great (laughter.

^to v/oi)

as far as Sirhind.

under proper generals, againft the

maiooo was obliged

^^^^^^^

left to

in thc

engaged them near Dincot, and was de-

feated by
ll

mo;

Si

Caja Weis having been fome time before

Caja Weis

happened

all his

family,

m gmsi.

after thffe d'efefit/

thrtw

^therhfelves

under the

protcaion of the Gickers among the mountains bordering on Ca(h

|-

gh^w, findin? that he could never

reft in

peace without

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

179

A^^out effedually quafliing this rebellion* marched in perfon towards

1550-

Punjab, and, for the /pace of two years, carried on a war with the

Gjckefg \yhp fupported the Neagies.

in

this expedition a perfon concealed himfelf in the

narrow path. An

attempi

upon

by which the

king, one dayafcendedthe mountain of Mannickcot, and

him with

rufhed upon

drawn fword.

Seliai's

life,

Selim, having time to draw,

faved himfelf, and killed the a/Taflin, and perceived that his fword

was one

that

he himfelf had formerly prefented

'iOi sri) "^o abrl

jqlab

The

sdl

Ackbal Chan,

Gickers being driven from one place to another, without be- The

ing in a condition to face the king,

lowers,

to

went

Caihmire

into

Azim Humaioon, with

his fol^ambng

are defeated

and

them, fent the heads of Azim Humaioon, Seid Chan,

now

Selim being

to the king.

bance from that quarter, returned

about this time,

nowon

his

he was very

ill

Perfia,

and

received,

Shaw,

Shabafs

flain

after returning

fecured againft further diftur-

to Delhi.

Mirza Camiran, much Mirza CamK

who was ceived by Se-

the mountains of Sewalic>

fled to

-jcruj

from

'jrn

his expedition,

had only remained

Seiim

when he received advices, that Sultan Humaioon againft

Nilab.
The king was at that inftant drawing blood

a few days at DeHii,

had reached the

by cupping

he immediately

ftarted up, ifTued orders to

there waited for his artillery,

bullocks,
ther.

which were grazing

The

artillery

men

great expedition, to Lahore.

we

fh all.

'

city.

till

the

be brought toge-

being very heavy, each gun required between

one and tv/o thoufand

treated, as

which was dragged by men,

in the country, could

Sub-

march, and

he himfelf encamped, that evening, three crores without the

He

by

the king of

took proteftion under Selim Shaw. But^"""

amoi^g.the Gickena^/t^f'bio'i^d

ISelim

atid

nying from his brother Sultan Humaioon,

way from

die

but the king of that country, fearing

Selim Shaw's refentment, oppofed the rebels, and, having defeated

Chan

rebels,

yet, in this

manner, he .marchedj; with

But, in the

have occafion

mean

time,

.Humaioon

re- ^hij
^effeS^

to mention. in the fequel.;

otjij v^rf i

'

'
;

Shaw

AVV>. i5f

Shaw

returned to Delhi, and from thence proceeded to GuaUcr, where-

he took up his

refidence,

Selim taking,, one day, the diverfton of the chace, near Atri, a body

plot

?irn'slifc*"

of banditti,

who had been

in ambulli, to take his

avoi^ the

peached'Baha

Mahmood

ul t)ien,

Chawafs
naiedf

'

'

and put many

t^niawalTs

to

owed

Miadda, and" others, W'ho were

which the king became

CRan, a man juflTy rent)wned

from place

to

extr^ii^ely fuf-

for pcrfo^

flHt

and exfenfive generolity, being long driven

to place,

his preferment

lay

death upon* fmall prefumptipns,

Konor,' great abilities in war,

alioiit

the king'^ pae^^

they were feized and, e.xaminpd, jth^y itn-

iriimedlately executed, after

picioUsS,

on^y iforxie-of*

But he perceived them time enough to

life.

When

fnare".

fet

came

him, and

to

Taje Chan Kirrani,

now

governed^Simbol.

who had
The un-

grateful villain, in violation of his crath, and the laws of hofpitality,

Shaw,

to ingratiate himfelf with Selim

body being carried

quented^

to Delhi,

hy'^trie devout- to

bafely aflaifinated him.

His tomb

was there interred.

this day,

they numbering

is

His
fre-

him among

their faints.

Selim

dies,

"'^'il^o^t'^lon'g

a^cr

t]^?s-

b^^^ affaffination,

concerned, he was leized with a

fiftula in

in

which

Selirn Shavv ,wa^

ano, by which, in the year

nine hundred and fixty, he bled to death, having reigned nine

In the fame year, Sultan
His charac-

Mahmood, of Guzerat, and Buran Nizam

MuluckBheri of iheDecan
father,

and'

died. Selim poireffed not the abilities of his

and confequently carried neither

extrem'eis.

He,

was rather

in

ye'ars.

fome meafure,

a neceflary than a

his virtues nor his vices to fuch

fuited the times in

good prince.

rhind might rtagger in the ftream of corruption,

A man

lived

of an uprighp

which then prevailed,

but Selim flood firm. By meeting the world in

poflfefTed perfonal bravery,

which he

and was not unfkilful

its

own way.

in the field

He

of war.

Like Shere, he was magnificent, and ftudied the convenience of

tra-

vellers.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

From

tellers.

Benfal^Y^

We i^ilab,

i8i

fie'blliitln^intermeiate

between each of thofe which his father had erected

all

wKo

ferai, A- D. 1552.
riig. 960.

pafTed

along the great road being entertained at the public expence.

,

.(1

.nt A

fc

,33iixbiiJ io

-in'jii

t.

made

In the reign of Sellm, Shech Allai, a philofopher of Biana,

great noife in the world,

He

called himfelf

Emam

by introducing a new fyftem of

Mendi,

whom we

The

raifed great difturbances rn the empire, converted

force and perfaafion.

religion.

believe will be the lafl

of the prophets, and will conquer the world.

'

impoflor having

fome thoufands by

After being twice bahiflied by Selim, he re-

turned, and kindled frefh troubles, and was, in the year nine hundred

and

fcourged to death at Agra, by order of the king.

fifty five,

to his docftrine in the agonies of death;

remained firm

was not long maintained by

When
was,

his difciples^

twelve years of age, raifed to the throne, by the omrahs at

at

of

He

Nizam Chan

young

Soor,

Mubariz

prince.

Adil *, to which

He

empire.
the Mahl.

'

his-

nephew

The
in

afium.ed the

title

of

affaffinated the

Mahummud Shaw

infamous treafon had no right, and ufurpcd the

villain's

own

filler,

own

hand, in

Bibi Bai, defended, for fome

her arms, prefenting her body to the dagger.

tore the

fence, fevered his

when

[hrone!

Emperor Shere, bro-

and the uncle of Ferofe,

In vain did fhe intreat and weep

he made

to the late

perpetrated this barbarous deed with his

time, her fon

He

Ferofe

had not reigned three days, v/hen Mubariz Chan, the

ther of Selim Shaw's wife,

pity.

religioji

Selim travelled the road of mortality, his fon, Ferofe Chan,

Gualier.
i'/bn

but his

He

the wretch was hardened ajyamft

young prince from her arms, and,

head from

his body.

This

in her pre-

v/as the return

which

to the unfortunate Bibi Baij for faving his life, repeated times,

Selim, forefeeing his villainies, would have

* Mil

HgnifiQs

the'

Jujf,:

j3,uVbiipp to ^e^it|i.M

^...'ili.i:
*

'

i)t)fl?Tlo
.

fcarbarouf-

THE HI5T0RY OF HINDOSTAN.

'J

......
.

The

.M

A. D. 1552.

'T^^^

isiiiite-

Mahummud,

ing and writing. lie hated

chief

in the empire,

offices

"

aid waili

The

fooliih

gality.

i^Dauj'jci

king, in the

^.^^

accompliflinient of read-^

of learning, and kept company with

whom he raifed
a

to the higheft dignities

Hindoo Bunnia

iiltaid

mean

'jdi

in praife

Shaw,

for their great generolity,

to

This

outdo them

his arrows
foolifli

pafled,

Haram.

^ent

his

Having heard

all,

he miftook prodigality

opened the

diflinction.

and

all

name of Andili ; which,

his

treafary>

When

with gold, which he

extravagafKre foon ynade

his predecelTors

what

'

of fome of the former kings, particularly Ferofe

good and bad, without

head

airiJ

\(i .ni;ri3.i:>hatJ03ci

time, heedlefs of

luxurious debaucheries of the

and

whom

*,

be Cutwal of the Bazar, was nowentrufted

much
tue,

common

weight of the adminiftration.,) loivurbd

"^^^^

Snov

raifed to

Adili.

having always given himfelf up to

among whom oneHimu,

Shaw had

^^^'^ ^^"S'l'Selim

men

fellows like himfelf,

illiterate

v,i,;.V.

Mahummvd 5haw

reign of

infamous

Raifes low

His
frod

CJui^I iJjra^JilJ^.

.j.E

plcafurc, iiegledjed cven the

Malfummud
Adii

JUvJ

fliot

and

for that vir-

lavillied it on;

he rode out, he ufed

among

away with the

tq>

the multitude.

great treafur^s; of

reward from the people was theini^k*),

in the

Hindoo language,

fignifies literally

the Blind, and metaphorically, the Fooliih.

f;

3^hen

smol diiw lahnnDaB beijfiiJe ,Wf-fii-i5riJoi

the low-born Miniu found himfelf inverted with the whole

rSiqoaq did

executive power of the empire, his pride and infolence exceeded

The omrahs bounds. This naturally

difcontented.

made

all

the Patan omrahs his enemies.

'

began

The

to confpire for his deftruftion,

and

to revolt

from

all

They
,

his authority.

king became more and more^ defplcable, every day, in the eyes

of the people, wl^le

ivk;

all

order and government jtq^ully,, declined.

Mahummjd

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Mahummud

Adil giving, one day, public audience, and diftribu-

^|5^*

omrahs, he ordered the province of Kinnoge

Tranfadions

Mahummud

fence

tine jagiers

among

to be taken

from Shaw

Chan

his

FirmalH, and given to Sermult

Secunder Chan,

Sirbunna.

young man, being

*'

prefent,

faid

who was

alfo prefent,

petuofity of his fon; but

He

"

aloud to the emperof,

cham-

a brave

fon of Firmalli,

the

Is

my

The young

fortune, then, to be conferred on a feller of dogs ?"

man's father,

183

endeavored to check the imhis paffion the

h^ only inflamed

more:

charged the king, in plain terms, with a bafe defign to extir-

pate his family.

Sermufl:

who was

Chan,

man

of

uncommon

ftrength and fla- The

rafhnefs

and bravery
alfo perfonally af- of Secunder
_

feeing this behavior to the king, and being

ture,

leized Secunder

fronted,

dagger, and killed

Chan by

him on

the breaft

the fpot.

He

endeavored to oppofe him, killed feveral

more.

He

then

made

diredtly for the

throne, and ran into the

Mahl

Secunder drew his

who
chiefs, and wounded many
king, who leapt from the
then flew at

all

Secunder Chan purfuing him, had

the door ftruck in his face, which flopped his courfe,,

drew the

''

The

till

-^^^

and fecured himfelf,,

bolti-

thofe

the king
^

defperate youth, finding himfelf difasppointed' in his defign He falls upon.

upon the

fultan,

upon

refolved to revenge himfelf

his bafe minions, minionf.*

and running back into the audience chamber, dealt death

oppofed him.

In the

mean

Chan

time, Ibrahim

to all

Soor, the

who

kingV

'

brother-in-law, attacked Secunder with fome of his people, and cut

him

Dowlat Chan Lohani

to pieces.

good old man, Shaw

Mahummud, who could

The

the

'

--

'

- ,.noifbjj-ifiab

is flain.

not have been blamed'

^''^

for his fon's rafhnefs.

I:-

at the fame; time,

killed,

uriFortuiiite''Fifmiilll h&iiig"rtiet'Taj6'ehaii 'KeYl'a^

was going that day

to the prefence

.bsjnaiaosxh

aift-ioVaiK^aiuj oi.Uii^xi

chamber, he

whither he was going; to which the other replied,

aflced
*'

that

That

Chao

omrah

affairs

had.

taken

^orrf'^^**
court;

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

84

A. p.
ti'g-

061.

taken fuch an extraordinary turn, at court, that he was determined

own

pufh his

to

partake

fortune,

with him."

it

and would be glad that Firmalli would

Firmalli anfwered,

but what he poffelled

fortune

he was going

That he

afpired to

by favor of the king,

pay his compliments

to

**

but fuch as

for

we have

no

which

feen

was

his reward."

Taje Clvan,
Bengal, with

crores

all

he got out of the

way of
pur-

to

they

He,

10

to Chii^ar.

nioney.

cftedts

belonging to the crown

phants

among

o-

his br^Dthers,

who had

ailiftance

take the

in his prbgrefs, feized the public

money, and other

tions,

thrown.

took the

Troops were difpatched

his dependants.

Seizes upon
the public

Is over-

fort,

came up with him at Chuppera Mow, about forty

from Agra, where he fought them, and made good his retreat

him

fue

as foon as

he

pofleflions

Amad, Soliman,
in the province of

a formidable

raifed

and diftributed one hundred dc-

and other

rela-

By

tlieir

Budgpoor.

army, which obliged the king

and march towards Chinar.

field,

Elias,

The

infuro;ents

to

meeting

j^i^ upon the banks of the Ganges, above Chinar, they were

de-*

feated and difperfed.

The

Thekinf
'ihilhim^
Soor's popu-

king,

becoming jealous of the popularity of Ibrahim Chan

Soor, gave private orders to feize

to the kine,

havin? heard of

band of

He

of

it.

Hindown

fled

Delh'r""^

^^^^

Chan was

^^^^

but his wife,

to his father,

Biana, and was purfued by Ifah

at Calpee,

defeated,

Ibrahim Chan, foon

whomcunts

this delign in the

from Chinar

coming up with him

Ifiih

him

^'ty

who was

Mahl,

told her huf-

Ghazi Chan, fuba

Chan Neazi, who

an engagement enfued, in which

and driven back from further

after, raifed a great

purfuit.

army, and poffeiTed him--

Delhi, wlierc he mounted the throne,

enfigns of royalty,

marched

filler

to

anume4

Agra, and reduced the circum-

jacent province?.

Ad^l

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Shaw marched from Chinar

Adil

'8,-

to fupprefs this ufurpation, and,

on the way, received an embafly from Ibrahim Chan, promifing

would fend HulTein Chan, Par Chan Serwani, Azim Hu-

that if he

^SJ^*
Adii shaw
advances
againrthim.

niaioon, and other omrahs, with afllirances -of forgivenefs, he would

The

fubmit.

king was

The omrahs went

weak enough

comply with

and Ibrahim Chan, by

'

-courteous behavior, foon

Shaw, finding himfelf

drew them over

his requeft.

and

prefents, promifes,

to his

own

intereft.

Adil

Isderertedby
his

omrahs/

in Jio condition to oppofe fo ftrong a confede-

and contented himfelf with the eaftern

racy, fled towards Chinar,

Ibrahim immediately erected the Ipear of empire in the

provinces.
weft,

to

by the

title

of Sultan Ibrahim.

SECTION
The

reisn of

SULTAN IBRAHIM

VL

Sultan Ibrahim.

had no fooner mounted the throne, than

Soor,

Adil Shaw.

nephew

Ahmed

to Shere

Shaw, and

alfo

brother-in-law to

having attached Hybut Chan, Nifib Chan,

Tatar Chan, and other omrahs of Selim Shaw, to his

fumed the

title

runjaab

His name was Ah-

another competitor ftarted up in Punjab.

med Chan

Aco'^petitot
in

interefl,

af-

of Secunder Shaw, and marching with ten or twelve

a^^^mes the
of bc-

tit'e

tnoufand horfe towards Agra, encamped

of that

city.

at Firrah,

within two crores cunderShaw,

Sultan Ibrahim, with feventy thoufand horfe,

came

put to meet him, having, in this army, two hundred omrahs v/ho

pitched velvet tents, and pofTefTed the dignities of the fpear, drum,
and colours,

Secunder,
invafion,

afked,

feeing this formidable army,

and made overtures of peace.

was the government of Punjab.

up with the pride of his own

Vol. IL

fuperiority,

B b

began

The

to repent of his

only condition he

But Sultan Ibrahim, puffed

would

graiit

him no

terms,

and

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Vip

drew up and engaged.

therefure both armies

^6'''^

committed

the enligns of royalty to one of his omralis, and, with

all

body of horfe, took poft among fome

a choice

not be difcovered.

flight,

charge, broke

firfl

when Secunder Shaw,

i

nig out upon them, ftruck a panic into the whole

mediately took to

where he could
and

his troops quitted their ranks,

were intent upon nothing but plunder

Ibrahiai,

trees,

upoa the

Sultan Ibrahim,

through the army of Secunder

oveitiirows

Shaw

Secunder

army

whom

and were purfued by thofe

rulhr

they imthey had

fo eafily difcomfited before.

who
to

retreats

Sultan*Ibrahim, after this defeat, abandoned his capital, and re-

S;mboI.
i

treated to Simbol.

Secunder Shaw took poffeflion both of Agra and-

Delhi; but he had not long enjoyed his fortune, when he was obliged to

march

to Punjab,

to oppofe

Humaloon

having returned from a long exile/ was

now

for that

monarch,

advancing to recover his

dominions.

Durino; the abfence of Secunder, Sultan Ibrahim

Calpee
vizier,

and
overthrown
hy
imu.

Is

and, at the fame time, Adil

with a formidable army,

artillery,

Himu

at Calpee,

The

fuba of

Ld"^^'

In the

in that city, for three

mean

time,

to

Himu

recover his empire;

fignal defeat.

months.

Mahummud Chan

obliged that prince to recall

his

was purfued by Himu, who.

fuba

Gori,

and led an army againft Adil Shaw.

rebelled,

Himu,

in cavalry, elephants,

and gave him a

flying to his father at Biana,

him

difpatched

weH appointed

from Chinar, with a view

engaged Ibrahim

befieged

Shaw

marched towards

from the

of Bengal;

This circumftance
fiege

of Biana

and

Ibrahim, emboldened by the retreat of the enemy, purfued them

Himu

atMindakir, near Agra, gave him battle;

defeated,'
Qg-ain
o

and obhVed
to fly back to his father,' at
o
y
of Ibrahim could not, however, be ftill

and coming up with

Ibrahim
again defeated by Himu,
and by Raja

Biana.

Ram.

He

The

refl;lefs fpirit

marched towards Bhetah, and engaging Raja

Ram

Churid, of
that

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

that country, was defeated and taken prifoner.

the utmofl: refpedl,

war

againft

of Ibrahim

was ufed with

him from the

Under him they commenced

Bage Bahadar, fuba of Malava

but the bad fortune

That

purfued him, he was beat, and fled to OrifTa.

ftill

'^^P- ^5?+-

the Patans of Miani obtained

and appointed him their chief.

raja,

till

1S7

province being conquered in the year nine hundred and feventy

Soliman Kerrani, the unfortunate Ibrahim was taken and put

five,

by

to death.

when Himu joined Adil Shaw at

Chinar, he received advices that Humaioon had defeated Secunder
Shaw, and poflefled himfelf of Delhi and Agra. Himu, however,
marched againft Mahummud Chan, fuba of Bengal, who gave him

To

the

return

from

this digreffion

by crofling the

flip,

He

of Bandelcund.

near Rhotas, and entering the country

hills

was purfued thither by

,

mies came

to adlion

and

Calpee,

Himu

The two

ar- Himu
and

'
_

at the village

Mahummud Chan

of Chircut,

fifteen crores

from

defeats

flays the

fuba of Ben'

was

flain.

Adil Shaw, after this vidlory, inftead of proceeding to Agra, re-

turned to Chinar, to aflemble more troops for carrying on the war

with Humaioon.
death

and

But he was foon

which induced him

five

to fend

after

informed of that monarch's

Himu, with

fifty

thoufand horfe,

hundred elephants, towards Agra, not daring

to leave

Chi-

'

^g^*^''"

n^r himfelf, on account of the violent fadlions which then fubfifted

among

the Patans.

Himu

arriving before Agra, the

being too
thither,

weak

to oppofe

him,

Mogul omrahs who were

fled to Delhi.

purfued them a

and Tirdi Beg, governor of Delhi, giving him

defeated, and fled to Punjaab, leaving

imperial

Himu

cities *.

Eyram Chan,

the

a Mogul, v/ith

all

Himu

Himu in

pofTeffion

battle,

viceroy for Akbar, fent

expedition, towards Delhi.

He

was

of both the

meditated the conqucft of Lahore

Turkuman,

there, DnVes

but

Chan Zeman,

himfelf followed,

with the young king,

*

Delhi, and Agra.

b 2

Himu

the
^'^"^

"ra"^'^

^"dhi'^^

THE HISTORY OF

i88
^{^'

marched out

^^^^^^

HINDOSTA^T.

meet Chan Zeman, drew up on the

to

lll^'

of Panniput, and charging the Moguls with great bravery,

them
Is

taken and put

to death.

Jf^AdU

But the Afghans, always more mindful of plun-

Himu

^^d defeated.

was furrounded, and taken

carried before the kiog,

de-*^

ciines.

condemned

and being

to death.

Himu, who had certainly great

abilities, notwithftanding his mean defcent, the fortune of AdilShaw declined apace. In the mean time, Chizer Chan, the fon of
Mahummud Chan Gori, to revenge the death of his father, raifed
title

of Sultan Bahadar, poffeffed himfelf

He

^ great part of the eaftern provinces.

IdVnd^nain^'
the fuba

prifoncr,

After the death of the unfortunate

an army, and affuming the

by

threw

than of fecuring vidory, were again attacked by the Moguls,

der,

over-

into dilbrdcr.

plains-

jn^^^

cf Bengal.

The

Shaw, defeated, and flew him.

Hindoftan, at this period, rendered

chain of our

back

to

hifl:ory in

it

army

againft

anarchy and confufions in

impoffible to continue the diredt

the order of time.

what we have omitted of the

led his

e therefore

hiflory of Secunder

mud

turn

Shaw, and

Humaioon.

SECTION
The

reign of

vir.

Secunder Shaw Soor, and

the

fall

of the

Patan Empire.

ECUNDEF. SH AW
in the year nine

efFel

Secunder

^eech

**

to

the omruhs.

hundred and flxty-two, he made a magnificent

and calling together

feftival,

"

all

his

omrah^, fpoke to them to

efteem myfelf as one of you, having thus

common
jj-jj^g

having afcended the throne of Agra,-

weal.

claim no fuperiority.

this

far adled for

Sultan Beloli raifed

Lodi to an uncommon height of glory and reputation f

'*

Shere Chan, by unparalleled condudl and refolution,

**

tribe

**

to his

of Soor famous to

all

pofterity

father's contpefts, is

watching

and now,
for

rendered the

Humaioon,

heir

an opportunty to de*'

ftroy

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

*'

ftroy us

**

and will throw

**

will

**

{hould think

" and

If,

all.

you fincerely

therefore,

afide private fadtion

be adorned with

me

all

affedl

my

government,

But

the flowers of profperity.

incapable of that great charge,

himj

that with

my

*'

fv/ear allegiance to

*'

port him, and endeavor to keep the

'*

hands of the Afghans,

who

'5?4-

and animofities, our kingdom

let

life

it

and fortune

for fo

you

I alfo

may

may

fup-

Empire of Hindoftan

have ruled

if

an abler head,

arm, be eleted from among you, that

a ftronger

189

many

in the

ages by their

valor."

The
"

We

omrahs,

after

him king.

unanimouily eledl you, the nepnew of Shere Shaw, for our

" lawful fovereign."

to the king,
ever, in a

and

"They deft

hearing this fpeech, anfwered with one accord,

and

Calling then for a Coran,

The

fwore allegiance

unanimity among themfelves.

to preferve

few days, they began

places.

all

to difpute about

How-

governments, honors,

flames of enmity were kindled higher than ever,

and every one reproached his fellow with perfidy, of which he himfelf

was equally

Humaioon,

Chan

fled

fubdued

guilty.

from the

all

mean time, marched towards Punjab. Tatar He

new fort of Rhotas, to Delhi, and the Moguls by'

in the

the country as far as Lahore.

Secunder Shaw, upon re-

ceiving thefe advices, fent forty thoufand horfe, under the

of Tatar

my

Chan and Hybut Chan,

was defeated,

ing bridle,
fenfible

till

loft all their

to expel the

Moguls.

command

But

this ar-

elephants and baggage, never draw-

they arrived at Delhi.

of the difafFedion and fadious

Secunder Shaw,
ftate

though

of his army, marched

with eighty thoufand horfe towards Punjab, and engaging Byram

Chan, the Turkuman, the tutor of prince Akbar, near Sirhind, was
defeated, and fled towards the mountains of Sewalic.

Hindoftan, with this vidory,

Baber, and flourifhed

fell

The empire

of

again into the hands of the houfe of

while, in the ni,ean time, Sulian Adil died in

Bengal,

SECTION

Is

repeat-

ithe^

Uo-^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION
The

vnr.

Humaioon, from

trann\6llcns of

his arrival in Pcrfia,

to his return to Hindoftan.

have already

A. D. 1544.

Kidar, between

had

at

Sultania,

and received an anfwer which

Humaioon.

a conference

The

Awil, in the year nine hundred and

with

Shaw Tamafp,

**

The

his

weak enemy became

By the enmity of my

political

manner of

Tamafp was done

eating,

him,

came with

When

this

Shaw

Ifmaiel

the difcoufe, faid,

to

Byram Mirza,

what he

is

not fuch as they re-

the bafon and ewer for

to.

re-

Perfian then told him,

his brother,

who

him

Shaw

attended

to

wafh

*.

Humaioon, and refuming

In this manner you ought to have treated your

Humaioon, out of compliment

brothers."

Humaioon

being, at that time, at table, as foon as

was done, Tamafp turned

**

The

treating brothers

And

as a fervant,

powerful

fo

brothers."

ceived from you."

afifent

the fon of

fifty

king of Iran, one day, in converfation, afked Humaioon, By

what means
plied,

ul

and was royally entertained.

SufFvi,

faid

which

fo

much

to the king,

offended

feemed

Byram Mirza,

to

the

him, while he re-

king's brother,

that

he never

fided at court.

He

took every opportunity to calumniate

Humaioon

how much

againft the

to the king,
"

monarch

unfortunate fultan accepted, with joy, of the invitation, and in

oiie,

^*

Abher and

month of Jemmad

the

to the Perfian

the king's great delire to have an interview with

teftified

The

Chan

arrived at Kizvi

That omrah accordingly waited upon Shaw Tamafp atNilack

Jfpahan.

Pcrfi"

Humaioon, having

dilpatched Byrani

i" Iran,

Humaioon"

that

feeri

jnterefl
*

To

after could forgive

and was ever harping

of Perfia

it

in his ears,

wzs, that a prince of the line of

attend the fovereign in any menial office about his perfon,

Timur
is

fiiould

the greateft

fit

honor

that can te conferred upon a fubjed in the Eaft,

iuporj

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A ^D. 15^This maxim Byram Mirza took care

upon the throne of Hindoftan.

to inculcate

upon

fo vifibly

began

fugitive

who had

upon the

Humaioon,

Tehan of

imprifonment.

to fear death or

ICizvi, the

ul

reconciliation,

of Sultanum

and

diltrened ntuation, joined tnerr intereics to

to reinftate

Begum had

him

in the fivor of the king.

upon

a great effed:

name of Humaioon,

extolling his devotion

expreffion in thepraife ofAli.

fedt

of the Shiahs,who

Humaioon

Mahommed in

The

from the

wit

compofition,

and happy turn of

This greatly pleafedTamafp, zealous

differ

The

followed.

own

work

She, one

this occafion.

day, produced a ftanza of verfes to the king, of her

the

Hakim

Dien, one of the king's privy counfellors, taking compaflion

upon Humaioon

in the

ali'lf''

and Cufi

filler,

in conjundion with

high chancellor,

at length,

ar^d,

king's difpohtion, that the unfortunate

In the mean time, Sultanum Begum, the king's

\
Noor

This circum-

the king's confidence.

retarded the affairs of

ftance greatly

wrought

all

19^

Sinnites, the fed:

whofe tenets

Shiahs hold Ali to be the only

his apoftolic fundion, but the Sinnites

for

affiftant

bcHeve

of

in four,,

adding Ofman, Omar, and Abubecker to Ali,

The
come
affiff

king, in

fliort,

told his

fifcer,

That

if

Humaioon

fliould be-

and enforce that dodrine in Hindoftan, he would

recover his empire. Sultanum Begum having acquainted

a Shiah,

him

to

Humaioon of thefe
as to lofe a

particulars,

kingdom

for an

he

v/as

favored the opinions of the Shiahs,

the animofity fubfifting between

foon

mujh wedded

immaterial difference in

Fie accordingly returned for anfvv'er,

Shaw Tamafp,

not fo

after,

point of religion.

That he had always privately

which was partly the occafion of
'

him and

had

to a fed,

his brothers."

a private

conference with

Byram

Chan, examined him concerning the pohcy and ftate of Hindoftan

;
and when he had fatisfied himfelf upon that head, he promifed that
his fon

Murad, who was then but an

infant,

with his general Biddai

Ghaa

^""me

omrahs

favor the
caufe of

A-^p

The

^4^ki%-'

gives

p^j^pjauU

CJJjai\

accompany Hiiaialoonffevhhifiliitk^fand^HSt^^
rand dr\vQ them oa4>fl6llbt!l fehrfdaKaH' aH'd'

to.cliaAiie his brothcFs,

liiin

ten th oufand

Every thing accordingly \v^/Hkt0{hl6rt Viirfc,

Buduchfliau.

hoj-fe.

and Huniaiooil took leave

readiuefs,

him, jbatv he had long pfppofed

t(><take'a/tour'tKfbbgti''tibi'F2l'^fla^

Ardebi(i, to.yiiit the tona-b of Shech

The

his expedition.

ders to

him and

manner becoming

army

witli

his di^nityA

vifited

Humaidon wds

mxiti tmUf^

and paid

j^p iaveftcd

hiis

ff

^^nd

trefat

to paili'

him

,'UivxtLi>d

<

-devdlfd^'^'aV Ihe'ifhririe'of

fort'Of Gart'imffet-di ''bk

tli^

pwn

it;

and Fead

.itMirza Afhkari, who^ cbrhmaridbd

'

name,

'

*'

tf/^''cfau%a IrP
Am"' t'^^^ 1^' i

ai Canaaniar'for

Camir^n, hearing of thefe proceedings, fent the youn^ prince,

fon of;

Humaioon,

prepared thq fort

invefts

-of

Mahummud

Can-

it

urjcle at

the.

Catul, and,

*
'

upon the feventh of Mohirrim,

rr

hundred, and ntty two.

dahar,

Akbar, to his

Ca-ndahar for a fiege.

Humaloon inverted

Humaioon

'6U'

this"pr<y^<3fitlr'and iffiiied'of-'

all neceffoviiBs,

ft

proceed

n^arqhed with the young ptince MuraSy towaVds C'andahar.

Suffi,

his

king confented to

his

Humaioon having

'

'Siffi^'f^a^id then'' to'

governors through whofe territories

all

to fupply

Huma'ioou
takes Garnmfcre.

got' in

'-r^^

The liege had

<

in the year niije

> >
on for nx months^
'

been earned

'

when Humaioon fent Byram Chan with a hieHa^e; to Mirza CaraiA tribe of the Patan^ of Hazara, attacked I3yran, then .at CabuL
ram with

great refolution, but they were defeated, and that

omrah

having obtained an audience of Mirza Camiran, According to his in-

demand of Candahar, and required a refignation

of all thofe provinces which he had ufurped from his brother HuBut it was not to be expeded that Mirza Camiran would
piaioon.
ftru(ftions

made

as yet liftei) to fuch 9

demand, and

out efi^^aing any thing.

The

Perfians

Xhe Perfian
by the

length,

kiflelbaches

ojf

fo t!?^ 'iinbafrador

-if'^H

* we^e

riovt^

departed with-

i^otwrl

beginning to be difcouraged

the fieg^^ 'ayd'difcoritent^d'^at being

commanded by

* Soldiers,
/

Moguls.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

193

Moguls.

This circumflance miht have obliged Humaioon to

the

had he not been joined by

fiege,

Aligh Beg Mirza, Cufim Huflein

Aikun Beg,

fpirits

was granted upon

his requeft

he gave up the

much

and,

place,

to his fon

capitulation,

afliamed of

Shaw Tamafp,
having now come

of Candahar, as had been ftipulated with

fort

[^^"^^^^"^

upon the king.

his former behavior, waited

was given

alfo,

and equally depreffed thofe of the befieged.

defired to capitulate

honorable terms

the befieged deferted

Thefe favorable circumftances revived the link-

of his army,

Mirza Alhkari

The

Some of

left his fervice.

and joined the king.

ing

Mahummud Sultan Mirza,

Sultan, Mahummud Mirick, Shere

and other omrahs, who, difgufted with Mirza

Fufil Beg,

Camiran, had

raife A- ^- '54J-

The

Mirza Murad.

winter

Put into the

hands of the
Perfians.

on, the young prince Murad, Biddai Chan, Abul Fatte Sultan Af-

and

fhar,
fort,

Sufi Willi Sultan Aridmullu,

took up their quarters in the

without admitting the Mogul omrahs.

This

fo

much

dilgufted

them, that fbme, having no quarters, went off to Cabul, while Mirza
Afhkari, with a view of raifing more difturbance, alfo

fled.

Afhkari,

however, was purfued, and brought back prifoner.

Humaioon,

finding inadlion

more dangerous

war, marched towards Cabul.

^

of the young prince Murad,

at

On

to his affairs than

the death

'^^^ y""?
prince Muriid

Candahar, upon which he returned,

ofPerfiadits

the

way he heard of

"

with a view to retain that

fort as a place

make

Buddai Chan would not hearken to his

further conquefts.

propofal,

which

gratitude, or his

filenced the king,

own

who

promife, compel

But the urgency of his

affairs

from thefe punctilios of honor.

of fecurity,

he fhould

could not, confiftent with

him

to deliver

foon obliged

He

till

up the

Humaioon

place.

to depart

therefore tacitly permitted

By-

ram Chan, Mirza Aligh Beg, and Hadgee Mahummud Chan, to

take what means they could to render themfelves mafters of the
place.

Vol.

Thefe omrahs, accordingly, fent Hadgee

11.

Mahummud

Chan,
and

U
Huiua-..oo,
by .1 lh;ta-

ftring (if cariieisJj' 'which

gem. fcizcs
upon Cauda-

They

har.

was then

into the
o provilions
r

brinii>Hi;

fort.

fell upon the guards, and difpatched them, while By ram Chan,
im*Ai-ir.
-i
^
and Mirz^i Aligh Beg, rulhed in with ft choten party ot horfe, and
t

Chan returned, by
and Byram Chan was appointed to

tlicmfelvcs of the

poflefled

king's permilTion, to Iran,

Biddai

fort.

the
the:

government of Candahar.
Tlie iJpg
niaichcs to
L'jbui,

k'ni^
^

marched immediately towards Cabul.

Nalir, the

brother of Baber,

Shaw Huflcin Arghu,

king's

tlie

flying,

conjundion with Mirza Hindal,

to Cabul, in

The'

joined Humaioort.

brother,

army of

every day joined by fome of Camiran's troops,

came

This

over, with all his adherents.

'encamping

kirig*,

his

fo

was

brother,

who

Even Klpla Beg, one of Mirza Camiran's

ftandards.

from Mirza.

time,

this

at

environs of Cabul, before the

in the

rahs,

Mirza Eado-dr

deferted his
principal

om-

much weakened

Mirza's army, that he was neceffitated to {hut himfelf up in the city.

and

invefts

Humaioon

inveftcd the place

takes tluc

Camiran evacuated

city,

The
which he

it

but as

^,

it

was only

without fighting, and

fled to

fT!

eh tly

fortified,

Ghizni.

king fent Mirza Hindal in purfuit of his brother, and, on the

tenth of

Ramzan, nine hundred and

fifty

two, entered Cabul, v^here-

enters.

he found

his fon

Akbar, then four years

ma, and, taking him

pofe
*

Mirza

CETr.i-

fnut outsat

Ghizni,
to

flies

Dawir and

Bicker.

in his arms,

with his mother Begu-

he repeated a verfe

he was exalted by Providence

The

to the

fummit of

gates of Ghizni were fhut againfl:

^vas therefore obliged to take refuge at

Hazara.

Being:
o very
/

Hafiein,

to fupport

who

ill

pur-

to this

Jofeph, by his envious brethren, was caft into a well

Shaw

old,

but

glory."

Mirza Camiran, and he

Dawir, among the Patans of

received there, he went to Bicker, to

Mirza

gave him his daughter in marriage, and prepared

him.

Humaioon,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Humaioon,

ihummud AU
hundred and
~
fir

''^PPg^..^^^

'?45-

forces of

him, but they were defeated

in the

firft

encamped

to prevail

in his

the brother of Chuli

Begum

fled to

Defeats Mk--

king from

the fad:ions which

all

Chaja Moazim,

having had a quarrel

with Chaja Refliid, killed him, and

Neizike-

He, however,

fell fick.

army, foon fubfided.

*,

Buduchflian.

The

chaise.

months, and

^^yvo

at

Buduchfhan, came before

thence tui-ned towards Talichan, where he

repovered, at the end

upon

againit

the king.

W^civiSlf

paffed PlinderkuHi and

Mirza Sohman, with the

had begun

ledition in the royal army, was,

.XeBteacf4jOitet^

Humaioon having
ran,

up a

Itir

of Mz-^-P-

Mirza Eadgar Na-

Buduchfhan.

three, to reduce

fifty

-conviftiQa,

tuition

Tiggai, in CabuJ, marched in perfon, in the year nine Humabon

inhaving attempted to
.

Akbar under the

havinar left his fpn

195

at

this

time

Cabul, where he was

ordered to be imprifoned by the king.

Mirza Camiran having heard

Buduchfhan, made an excurfion
in with a caravan of merchants,
horfes,

and goods

and,

coming

that

his brother

On

Ghorebund.

to

whom

had marched

he robbed of

the
all

way he

fell

their camels,

to Ghizni, raifed a faflion

populace, and cut off the governor, Zatrid Beg.

to

among the

Mirza Cami-

Making from thence Ghi^rir and

forced marches towards Cabul, he arrived there as they were opening

CabuT"
the
place
by
took
furprize.
the
morning,
and
in
gates
He
the
killed

Mahummud
put out

Ali Tiggai, the governor, as

the eyes

flood in the bath, and

of Fafil Beg and Mheter

prince Akbar, and the ladies of the

fome eunuchs

iie

Hifam

ul

Dien

Haram,

The young

\''akila.

vvere given in charge to

Alii, the fon

of

Meer

Chalifa,

was

put to death.

Intelligence of thefe tranlactions

coming

to

Humaioon,

that prince

gave the government of Buduchfhan to Mirza Soliman, and that of

Kunduz

to

Mirza Hindal.
*

He
One

himfelf returned to Cabul, defeated

of the fultanas.

C 2

the

HISTORY OF HliVDOSTAN-

TUF.
-

to the

him

of Camiran, wliich oppofed

'^'"^y

'

"V^i^

town of the Aigltwns,

kun Beg, and

all tlic

called

at

Zohac Ghorebund, cam-e

Deh A%han, where

.umy of Mirza Camiran had again alTembled

HuMiairon,

oppofe hiui. But thc king overthrew the m there

hioVhcrfn

Afkun Bcg

fc!

^'^^

Shere Af-

alib,

to

andflewShere

lie proceeded from thence toCabul,and

in the atftion.

t^own bcfore that city, fkirmifliing every day with the enemy,

fitrdownbe'
to.c Cabul.
IVIirza

Camiran, havtng received int-cUigence that a caravan was

pafling,

wherein there was a great number of fine horfes, fent Shcrc

with a ftrong detachment,

Alii, a bold enterprizing officer,

and bring

it

into the city.

cut off Shere Alli's retreat,

to feize

Humaioon marched round the walls, and

lb that, when he came to enter the city^,

he was attacked aiid defeated with great flaughter.

Sfivcnlchiefs
join ihe king,

MiTza Soliman, from Baduchflian, Mirza Aligh Beg, and Cafim

Sultan, with feveral chiefs from Byram Chan, had now joined

pjf.^^^^

the king, while Kirrache

Mirza Cami- city to bis

Chan and Baboos Beg

army. Mirza Camiran,

in the rage

deferted from the

of defpaii*, bafely mur-

dered the three fons of Baboos Beg, and threw their mangled bodies
over the

He,

w-all.

at the

fame time, bound the young prince and.

Kirrache Chan's fon to a ftake, and raifed them up to view upon the
battlements.

But he was given to underftand, that

c.

acuates

Camiran thooght proper to

defift

he put them

be maffacred.

to death, every foul in the place fftould

He

if

from

his intended cruelty,

and that

verv night, making a breach in the wall, evacuated the place, and

towards the

ikirts

pofieffion of Cabul.

and even

ftript

of the

leaving

hills,

Mirza Camiran,

Humaioon

tied,

a fecond time,

in his retreat,

in,

was plundered,

of his cloaths, by the Afghans of Hazara

but

when

they difcovered him, they conducted him to hisgarrifbn at Ghorebund.

He, however, did not think himfelf feeure there and therefore he

haftened to Balicb, where Pier

Seizes

upon

city,

jomcd him, and

iiudachihan.

^^^^^^ jyj^^^a

affifted

SoUman and

Mahummud

him

his fon

in

Chan, governor of that

fubduing BuduchQian.

Thqy

Mirza Ibrahitn towards Kolab,

;,

Kirrache

THE

OF HINDOSTAN.

'HlStOJRY

Clian, Baboos B^g, and

yiiiKiRfcafcibe

fome other omrahs/MiiJ^r'abbtrt

Chaja Ghazi,

t5ii5iias^ dtigufted MWtfi the behavior of

M'ljttett

197

'the vizifer,

the king to difgrace him, aiid appoint Chaja Cafim ^o hrs

adiii^.waHuTnaiodn,

fafisflcd'C>f the^ integrity

which'

fcyiind'daeanS confcht,

the king's fervice, and

wem

irritated

them

of

this rtiinifter,

fo

much;

would

that' they left sever?! om>

over to Mirza AOikari in Buduchflian.

,

-The king purfued them in their

with them, returned

but not being able to

flight,

and called

to Cabul,

to

jypsg

fallen in

cut

Jiiri> off",

by accident with Timur

Alii,

come up

The

former haV-

one of thofe whO.>hdd

lled^

Mirza Hindal 'h'av*-

and brought his head to the king.

met Shere

brought him back prifoner.

Alii,

Chan

Kuflium, went in

rn.'Mrrza

Camiran having

^ei^fon to

Taleck^nv Humaioon detached Mirza Hindal and Hadgee

Mahummud

Kirrache

left

Koka, with a confiderable

That omrah having

from thence.-

^fff^^.'

fiurpaioon,.

him Mirza Ibrahim and

Mii'za Hindal from their refpcftive governments.

ing alfo

'54>-

^,,P-

at

force, to drive Kirrache

Chan

received intelligence of their

coming, acquainted Mirza Camiran, who, with great expedition, returned to

river

KuOium, and

of Talickan,

when

fell in

with Mirza Hindal,

troops

his

were

in croffing the

divided.

He

defeated M'.rm Camf

Hindal, cut off a great part of his detachment, and feized upon

all hil

his baggage.

Humaioon,

hnnhT

Hindal

in a

few days, advanced vAth the army from Cabul,

which obliged Mirza Camiran

his plunder, as well as his

own

retreat, invefted in the fort,

the Ufbecks, to

to fly towards Talickan, and leave all FFcs

and

v/hom he had

brother Humaioon,

to

make

He

baggage.
as

was, the day alter his

he defpaired of the

applied,

a pilgrimage to Mecca.

of

Humaioon,

and both the perfidious

Camiran and Mirza Afhkari came out'of the

about ten pharfangs on their way.

afiiilance

he requeued leave of his

with a good-natured weaknefs, contented,

before

place,

and proceeded

When tliey found that Humaioon

did not fend troops to feize them, nor attempt to detain them, as

they

gefieged ia

and'L^biBU

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

198

imagined, they were artiamed

^54; tliey

thought

it

more

With

pilgrims.

He

is

treated

by^iVuma^'^

The

elegible to

to his

truft:

behavior, and

clemency, than turn mendicant

they returned.

this refolution

them, and treated them with great

made fome

Pier

Mahummud

incurfions into

the year nine hundred and

Humaioon,

refpedt.

returned to Cabul.

beck, having

Chan, the Uf-

Humaioon's

He,

territories,

for that purpofe,

Mirza Camiran and Mirza

towards Balich.

after thefe

in

the king deteraiined to take, if

fifty fix,

poffible, fatisfadlion for the affront.

able.defigns.

own

king having heard of their return, fent perfons to congratulate

tranfcidions,

His treafon-

of their

Aflikari

marched

accompanied

The kine; perceived

a^ain
to hatch treafon.
him, and beffun
b
b
n
treachery, but took no efredtual Iteps to prevent its effedl.

their

Humaioon arriving in the

Sultan came before him with

Mahummud

Pier

princes of .HafTar,

Hadgee
Ufbecks;

Mahummud

^^^'^

yerauX

"P"

chief was, on the fecond day, re-

Chan, Abdul Aziz Chan, and the

and was thus enabled

thoufand horfe to give

battle.

had

it

march out with

P^^''

Mahummud

and Abdul Aziz Chan, that they

city.

defirous of purfuing the

enemy.

This

been followed, would certainly have had a good

to evacuate the place.

king fuffered his own better judgment

to

fuggelted their apprehenfions from

refolution,

affedt, as

his hands in the courfe of things.

No

the

But unfortunately the

be over-ruled by his omrahs,

Mirza Camiran, and advifed

the king to incamp foraewhere near the city, which would

cordingly followed.

thirty

Sultan, defeated the advanced parties, and pref-

enemy were preparing

who

to

Mirza Soliman, Mirza Hindal, and

thought proper to retreat within the

The king was

Shaw Mahummud

only three thoufand Ufbeck horfe, and

The Ufbeck

flopt his progrefs.

inforced by

environs of Balich,

fall

into

This pernicious advice was ac-

ground proper

for

incamping being near,

the king was obliged to retreat to a fmall diftance.

The

troops

being

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSl'AN.

feeiae ordered to

when

move back, nnnrehended

was nearj^v,P'

that danp-er

'^^^^
Hig. 952.

^ '

enemy

the

By

real flight.

actually conftrued the

this

of Humaioon into a

retreat

double miftake the Moguls were intimidated,

They immediately fell upon

Mirza Soliman and Huffcin Cooli Sultan, who brourht uo the rear,forced them upon the main body, where the king commanded in
and the Ufbecks received

He

perfon.

bravery

them hand

gallantly oppofc^d

to

hand, and with his fpear

who led on the attack. His bi-orher Hindal,

and Tolick Chan Couchi fupported Humaioon with great

difmountcd the
Tirdi Beg,

frefli fpirits.

officer

but they foon found themfelves deferted by

and were obliged

by

to fave themfelves

all

their troops, and

flight.

The

Retreats to

king, on his way, was deferted by the perfidious Mirza dJfcned

Camiran and Mirza Afhkari, who had not joined

in the

adion.

The

made him great promifes if he would feize

him prifoner to court difpatching, at the fame

Camiran's omrahs, and

time, fent

and fend

Mirza Soliman and Hindal

Mirza Camirxin, laying

the

afide all his enfigr.s

way of Zohac and Bamia,

his motions,-

in.purfuit of

fent a party to intercept

and Hafim Huflein Sultan,

who had

would

him with

now afhamed of no

return, they

king, informed-

him; but Kirrache Chan

that, as the greatefl part of the king's troops

perfon, if he

The

remained with Humaioon, wrote

privately to Camiran, and acquainted

perfidious omrahs, being

him.

of flate, attempted, by

to pafs to Sind.

all

that part.
told

villainy,

Thefe

Camiran^

were detached from

his

would join him

in the adion.

opportunity

through his hands.

Ca-

miran did not

let

He

by the way of Kipchach, whither, the king, having

returned,

this favorable

intelligence of him, advanced to

flip

meet him. The

battle

was nofooner

begun, than Kirrache Chan, and his perfidious adherents, went over
to him, and turned

upon Humaioon, who, with

few

faithful friends,

fought

bt'^'

r'!j':'!'!^'^^'^

king, juftly refenting their behavior, wrote to Alii Beg, one of Mirza

his marter,

in his

throivn^^'"

After this unfortunate adiion, the imperial army retreated towards

Cabul.

Is,

'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2CO
'^45-

fought with great refolutlon.

Pier

Mahummud Achtey, and Ahmed,

the ion of Mirza Kulli, being

flain

by the king's

wounded

in the

the

field,

and

ing

Camiran

and he himfelf

head, as well as his horfe, he was forced to abandon

to fly to

Bamia, and from thence to Buduchflmn, leav-

to pollefs himfelf, a third time, of Cabul.

Humaioon was now

'^""1

fide,

in great diftrefs, for

money

pay the few

to

d'il'"f"

troops,

who had

borrow the

to

vans, with

continued faithful to his fortunes.

horfes,

He

was obliged

camels, and merchandize of fome great cara-

which he mounted and paid

his troops.

He

privately fent

Shaw Biddagh, Toglich Chan Kouchi, Mudgnow Chan, and others,

to the number of ten perfons, to fupport his intereft: at Cabul, and to
fend him intelligence of what pafTed in that city.
But of all thefe,
Toglick Chan alone remained true to his intereft, which they now
found was greatly declined.

Mirza Soliman, Mirza Ibrahim, and

his brother Hindal, returning with their detachments to join the king,

he found himfelf again

his

l>feats Camiran.

kingdom

in a condition to

make an attempt

to recover

and he accordingly marched towards Cabul.

Mirza Camiran, upon the approach of Humaioon, capie

out,

and

Camiran was defeated with

drew up on the banks of the Punger.

great flaughter, and in his flight he was obliged to fliave his head and

beard, to efcape,

in the dilguife of a

mendicant, to the mountains of

Limgaan, Mirza Afl^kari was taken

Kirrache

Retarns to

Chan was

Humaloon HOW

killed in the

refl:lefs

lired horfe,

fefl:ivity.

Intelligence

Mirza Camiran was again

while Hadgee

from the royal prefence

to

at

Ghizni.

The

who

eflefling

any thing, returned to Cabul.

towards the Nilab

fo

where he enjoyed

was brought

to

him,

the head of fifteen hun-

Mahummd Chan

brother,

fled

the perfidious

engagement.

returned in triumph to Cabul

a whole year in peace and

that the

prifoner, and

and Baba Kiflika

fled

king marched againft his

that

Humaioon, without
Mirza

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Mirza Camlran no fooner heard of

his brother's retreat,

20
than he ^^P-

to raife up more difturbances. Cf''"'''.-in

returned again anione
the Afj?hans
^_
^
^
raifc s tiiiHutnaioon was under the necefiity of taking the field a fecond time, mrbancfs
among the
..
_

He wrote to Byram Chan, at Candahar, to march againft Hadjee

Mahummud Chan, who fled to Ghizni, and invited Mirza Camiran
him

to join
0.{h,

Afghani.

Camiran, by the way of Pefliawir, Bun-

at that place.

and Curvez, was then on his march towards Ghizni: But before

Byram Chan had come to Ghizni, and carried Hadjee

MaliLmimud Chkh priioner to Cabul.^ |V'lirza Camiran, difappointed
his arrival,

of his

all^,'

returned again to PeOiawir,

Tranfaaions

the king directed his

aiid

rnarbh to Cabul.
'.

.V.

BefQre
fquiid

'

arrival

th;!?

means

of

Humaioon

Hadjee

a fecond time, to Ghizni,

to Qfcipe,

was perfuaded

at his capital,

to return

Mahummud

from whence he

no doubt, upon the'mofi; facred aflurances

of pardon.

Mirza Afhkari having preferred

Ibiiciting his

releafemcntfrom prifon, in order to perform a pilgrimage

to

Mecca, was now

to

i^ajicl^.

his

way

fent to

Mirza Sohman,

at

a petition to the king,

Buduchfiian, to proceed

hundred and

Aflikari died in the year nine

in

crofling the Arabian defarts.

Mirza Camiran was,

ATI
J
and

in the

mean

'

time, levying troops

r

carrymg on a private correfpondence

Mahummud.

The

demned
Camiran

to
;

firft

death.

treafon

vyith

was difcovered, and the old

Humaioon

among

the Camiran's

Atghans,

twenty

fixty one,

Hadjee

traitor

con-

correfpondence with

vere?.^^"'^'

had, by this time, marched againft

but he was furprized in his camp,

of Zicada, nine hundred and

upon which cccafion Mirza Hindal

fifty

near Chiber^ the

eight,

in the night

Camiran, however, Mnzallindd

gained no advantage but the death of his brother, beinir overthrown J-"'''^^
loft his life.

by Humaioon, and obliged to take Hielter again tiniong the Patans.

The king, after this victory, returned to Cabid, and in gratitude to'
the memory of HlnJal, who had. fp. well expjated his fornier diibbedience, by his fervices and blood,:hc gave the daughter of that prince,
^Lickia Sultana
at

Begum,

to his fon

Akbar

the fame time, upon ihe royal pair,

in marriage,

all

lu

conferred,

the wealth of Hindal

and

appointed

TH^ JWSTORY

ap2

'''^:^^'^^'*^^*^WAp?>J^iijiWl?;!jtiiW^^ and to his

''^^P^^^'^'^^
^iii^^ 959?"

i^it'

ahlsi!

OF, M^iftW^'^i A^-

''^'l^e'Afghans, a

vor, and are

forced too:-

of <!:amirni^.

pel him.

waftc with

fe^ 'myths' tif?df*'th6^'tfawfhltk>i^^ fofh^it^i

Tlie'^inp' marched

fire

and fword.'

iiitd *<to^toi^i>i!rv','

ivhi^h h^' laid

'if''
thir'Vhey'g6t^ nothing

FilVi^rt^/'al

laft'/

but fnifchicf to themielvc^ by adheiing'to Camirafli tfiey with-hdd

their aid, and expelled hhn from their CbHiitryi'^'^ ^in^mfDimjq nwo'
--jiw fbijp3i niH
,eoD^M 01 sg^miTgliq b no baaooiq 01
defoUte Camiran fled to Hindoftan, and .\'V'as;redi|tcGd .to Ipliqit

,b3\nT^

He

flies

to

'pj^g

the protqdlion oFSelim

Shaw, wlioni he beheld, hy

But

ruling his father's empire.

Camiran

treat

favorably.

The

it

own

his

bafencfsr^

was not expeded that Selim wouJd

.unfortunate fugitive fled from the court

ofDeliii, and, like a poor vagabond, fought protedion from the raja

Being from thence hunted by

of Nagercot.

among

the Gickers.

Mirza Hyder,

in

the

Sehm Shaw, he
gnii.d

"

mean

marched towards Hindoftan, and

Adam,

fled

time, requeued the affiftance of Hii-

The king

maioon, to quell fome difturbances in Cafhmire.

ingly

accord-

croffed the Nilab.

Sultan

the prince of the Gickers, fearing the king's refentment, for

giving proteftion to Mirza Camiran, imprifoned the

unhappy ian,

and acquainted the king, that he was ready ta deliver Iiim overtp any

body he (hould be pleafed

to fend.

Chan to

'vTredup'to

to him, and brought to the king.

''^'Ylie Chagittais,' to
tla,at.

he might

king difpatched Monirh

Adam, and Mirza Camiran was

Miry.a Ca-

Sultan

"iThe

a m^ns^folicited

accordingly given
^^^^

that'

dif^refs, th?5n..tK) tri^rej;

he

iiioiild

,j

^nu^i^^^^^ilL}

Be

the kin^,

bi^t

pii't^'tb'deii'th',

vyp.uld^ ,by

Eieans,conrent to embrup his hands in the blood pf j^js brother,

ever deferving

he was of death.

was threatened with

Humaioon,

a general feditioii jn

At

the ger.e-

lai

reqje

his fubjefts

of

tne array r;is

eyes are put

o 1^

fo often

much aoainft
o

Camiran

out.

werc

blind,

by mcans of antimonyr'''
f

neceffitat-ed

1^

'

howbody

in the king,

involved in misfortunes.

his will,

no

account of his lenity,

.jhi^^.i^^iii^^^^

openly complained of that merciful difpofition

up.

by which

He was,

at laft,

them to render
tcpermit
i
^'"'^

*'

^,

Some

-isome days after this fentencer'Wds executed upon 'the -unforfunate A^^'J?53-

prince, the king

went

Camiran immediately

him.

to fee

and The king

rofe,

fits

Walked fome
for

meet

fleps forward to

king will 'Hot be diminilhed by

maioon immediately burfling

Camiran endeavored

hirn faying

*'

The

glory or the

vifiting the unfortunate.",,

wept very

into tears,

to comfort

bitterly

him, by confefTmg the

vi~

bim.

Hti-?

sir bnt

Mirza

juftice

of his

"own punifhment, and, by way of expiating his crimes, requefted leave

to proceed

on a pilgrimage

he proceeded by the

Mecca, he died

He

left

one

to

His requeft was granted, and

Mecca.

wayof

Having

Sind.

in that plate, in the year nine

Ton,

three years in grimage

refided

hundred and

Abul Garim, who was fome time

Camlrart

fixty four,

tp..;

^lei there.

after his father's

death ailafiinated, by the order of Akbar, in the fort of Gualier j

Caiiiiran

had ao

Humaioon

''^oq

tlKe;dmghtei?siiJ^>^'^'?^^^^

being

now delivered from

k aiil ^bna

MM

io

the refllefs Ipirit of Camiran, Humaloon

"

to extend his dominions.

began

Cafhmire.

Selim

Shaw having,

He

at that time,

'd^Hhere v^as'bnt one pafs through

*fefrig,

up

however, \Vould not

towards Carhmlre.
^fi

his rear,

advanced

he fhould

dtiiiihi Tc^pfefented to Huiiiai'oOn,~'thkt'i' if

"Sf^a^ rhight Wock

turned his arms towards

firft

to

Punjaab, his

enter^Caffirriire,

which he couM return

and reduce him

marches towards CaiH-

that Selim

The

to great diftrefs.

liften to their reprefentations

but marched

Having advanced about half way, a tnutiny

arofe

the army, and the greateft part of the orrirahs refcifed t6 proceed;

This obliged Humaioon

while others adluaily returned to Cabul.

take a circuit, by the

way of Sind,

'>/6Pfi^"Bit'Bf Ghi2iii,'"urfder^
the' yeat' nifie

hdndred

ordering afort, called Biekeram,tobe

of

t^^^^^^^

arid Hxty-oiie)

Tdlai'lif Grcn"?tlarriood.

the king had

anothfei* fori

"^iattni'^t^^bu>,^Whorii'he'h^riTe(f Mahrifeiiidd'ififdkfriii^^^^^^'^^^'
njif!v/

vd

.^fiijl

odr nr

noijfto'j'h'h

to

IJlicTsm h

iii

to h-^nicIqrnoD

In

born

Returns.

tohisgovern-

Ghizni.

^i.^v

vlnaqo

fIfJ%;thj^(;p\4# of thiiSjyeacj, Hu^^^

.Chan,

that gi-cat

MHO?

i;3op3i

by^h^icalt^jjnf^^^^^^

man

v/as carry

mg ;p.^iiiq|ngues

^YMa^t thf .^fifA^n,^{>yfrii-i:'q

d 2

s-i fsx-)

"'

ment^

ByT^m Chgfli

Humaioon

GJUzilj*

Caud<Lhar.

hei heardi of

The

his feet.

and

ti^e

fati^f)'ing

wi)Q

V/.aS;

quU^

iftOPfi^:!)):

King-^i aj^proach,j ,v!avTf^< [o\]t,f y^Uki

king

The

feft^

for^

way

at lail into, the king's

governmeat

ed, that the

and that he might be

kirkgwpuld

rv/o

pahimnptoj; <^

JBymtti,C|\aj^^^\y;:,^e

appearance of a

flur

they parted, Byram

.jjl^ij^i

nooiMuch about

fliould

to attend

upon the conduct of

Chan obtained

this

who

^i).e,mi^^

his

foaie other onirah,

fovereigij.

him

dead, and that

to

war

That

rv^turn

it

all

have tha

When

his faithful fcrvant.

the diftrift of

Dawir

for

Bahadur

remained with him.

time an addrefs was received from the inhabitants

Shaw

-wa.s

the tribes of the Patans were engaged in a

civil

was, therefore, a proper opportunity for the king to

and take poffefiion of his empire.

dition, to raife

jBi|t;th3

njiglit

of Delhi and Agra, acquainting Humaioon, that Sclim

invia-

requeu-

Jie t.here.fpretarncftly,

be beRowed on

:pcrraitted

Chan and Shubiani Chan,

Yjjg

mind;

Ijis^

np means confent to a AhiRg Avhich,

by,

^qp^is

1h

however, afraid^ that the repeated ca^uti^njps^Qf

find

/^^'P: QV- fiJs fi

foeii;p|ain\y4)f,<ff?i^'(^jj)^it^lije^,lp3(^ }?qqjV^hiiltivU

Byra,m Char>.witl;i^reaioi^s,

nionthsj:here jji

pf, tUti c]l(llgC, Afl^pfV

a fufacif^nt army for that

Humaioon was

in

enterpri^?j,^ja|:i^, )ie

no con-

became

extremely melancholy.
Humaioon

T^j-j^.

i^jf^g

beinp-

one day uron a hunting narty,

cates his uh-

omrahs, that he was- very uneafy

hifcmiahs::^

his defigns

curious

upon Hindoftan.

among

cefsful flfatsgem to bring the

king

thei-c \vas

oi fciiding a pc^rfon bcfcre,"

^nd aflong

fbiis
'

'

defirous to

themfelvcs, and hit upon a fuq-

to

him, that

fome of hi*

about the execution of

Sdmc of themV who 'tvei-e

ir.ake the attempt, confulted

therefore 't^^
'

in his mind,'

told

an immediate refolutiou.

They

an old method of divination, hy

th-^

names of the three

firft

per-

he met, from which a conclufion, good oivbad, might be formed,

jlccording to their meaning.

ordered this to be dcnC.

He

The
fQiit

king, being naturally fuperftitiou?,

three horfenjen in

fj

ont,

who were

t3

come

fifTL^

backrjind acquaint

hmV cif fhe

hcTfreman Vv'ho returned told the

whofe name was Dovviat

traveller

helmet a

himfslf

riian w^ho-called

The

Murid

met with

that he had

kiiig,

*.

The

anfvvers they received.

-^^P- ^554"

'

next brought advice, that

And

the third,

thjit

he

mct-with a viikger,HvUQfe hanle was Sadit J.

The

king difcovered great joy upon

this occafion,

and though he

could only coliecb Mtein. thoiifand horf?, determined to undertake an

He

expedition irito-Hindofiian.

of Cabul,' and the

in the

from

month of

thltidrt

SifFer,

U'ith^'all Ins'-' veterans

government HumrJoon

the'

hine hundred and fixty-two^ began

liis

march

'^^

Whe'rii

Iver

Kad

cirotfed

neraV ''^'^

'Ch'ari hii*' cnpt'aiH

the Crones

ordered

KpU

'

Shijbiant,

the approach of the king, Tatar Chan,

who commanded the

nev/ fort of Rhotas, .evacuated the .plac^ and

ji^vd

to.D^lhi...>.H,umaioon Rhotas

Lpurfued Tatar to Lahore,, which: place was

alfo

evacaated by;tbe Pa-

and the

/tans,

king, peaceably entered the city..

iijmfelf p ail the QQ^rttfy

'

Heent'e^5I:a-

^"^^
dif-

The

as xlui pUpe-

as, f^r

liiig' havihg^^

a;

commanded, by Shubas Chan and

jl^?.)^^^lT>e;0^}{pQJ,\>lUl^;^\;^t^^^^

hfiving

whom

v/i|h|

The Emperor Secuader

ordered, T^t^ri:

he ukd

rifqaeja! bitile,

Di- DibalpM^

Alpjtd.lVtali

the piuiiaer, of their

cam

Sha\v had, in the riiean time,

or forty secunder

frvm Delhi, againft .Hutnaicot? ^ .t)at %/aj?^..Cl^n;

m nLjmbejv vvas determined

croifcd the Suualv|z,. adys^nced boldly to

and pitched his camp: upon the banks of the

'

* 'Tortiine or

profpe'rlf

wcftcrn branch of the In J

'

D^fftte

Defeats fomg

honor with

to

notnv'ithllandina the4r,,gvefit fupe.riGrity

The

werfe afTembled at

Chan and Mybut Chan, with an army of thirty

tJiouian4;;hqr{Q.

&

bc^^^Lf ^Ighans,

detachn^en}: againft tiicnj,

overthrown them, returned

;p Lahore.

Chan,

Nifir

.balpoQr,:ili9. Q.rder?d Shiw^^

From Lahore he

ev.v

matched Byram Chan to Sirhind, and that, able general polTeiled

the

^'^^'^*

with Chaja Chizer Chah'^ Tirdi Beg Chan, Se-

'clindet Sujtan, and. Alii'

Hin-

joined at Pefiiawi'r by Byrarh Chah,

'frbm'CandahaK'

^iS^3db |,'he appolHted ByrahS

liitt/ to lead the'vaii'

Mo'nim Chan

of nis'' ybiihg' fbn 'Mahummiid' Hdkim,.' and mvade

The king was

his capital.

Upon

left to

-'Or

river

'iiicliiiation.,

to

meet them,

of Bidgwarrah.
%

H?ji^p'ticTs.'.

.is.'

It

jj*;^n!v"J

/'AT^-OaWTTl '^lO Y.qOT?TTT 7TT!T

THfe HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

206^^^
''^^f-'^^^^

"'oi .\tn

.iiLaf^lJ nml'J

Ji^l Oil) bin;

which Byram Chan obfeiving, he

chofcn

3??jjid 3;^

which

and

horfc,,

began

ed,

?k4y>^nping

of wood

an uprofif

raifed

tirfis,

threw on more wood..

is

'^y

pamp

near their

hiir.rriffiOD 3flj

in their catttp^

with a

thoufaii|<.i

witl^out being, difcoy^r,.

But the Patans, inftead of exT*

the ca,mp.

a fair view, of them, by

In the

mean

means of the

upon the enem?y from all

^^^"7 having crqffed the riyer,

Chan,

them, and took

all

^ ''^y^^^'

fefif'the elephants to the king, at'Lahore,

poffenis

himfeif of the

country to
tKe gates of

tamped

aiVd'

Chan

Moguh.^

der

Upon Byram Chan the

Ghumgufar

Shaw

.;>U sch

arrived'

on

and enall

fides,

title

in Sirhind,

and

^fti^

Ea,r Qffadar,

?nBlfiH odi

cxadied an oath of fidelity from hfs omhiHs^i

up

fprovi lions,

this vidiory,"-

of Chan Chanan,

.riRf!?;

with eighty thoufand horfe, a great

.,sni}!3flT ji>hiifelf

he heard of

'rao-i")

of thb overthrow of Tatar' Chany'^Seeun'-

of elephants, towards Punjaab.

'"'"^

routed

and a number of horfes.

difperfed
detachments
.t

greatly rejoiced wheii

'r-"When the riews

a-

fides,

poflefTed himfelf of all the cTountry, almoft to th6 walls of Delhi.

Humdum

Secun4#B

He

at Matchi^'l^af rah.

sirqms^rfT iconferred

marches

theiv elephants, baggage,

The king'wis

'J'if

f^ll

light)

whole of Byram Chan's

time, the

b^Bylam"

who

arrow^|^

roTind, tl?e fires, ;with

which prevented them from feeing the enemy,

enemy had

while the

crpffed the river

who, crpuded

to '^a^. vthqfti

tijiguiQiing their

which

Jiign orb lo

0.1

It being winter, the Patans kindled great fires

^^jP-

train

of

artillery,

'''and

and

ikarch'^d
di

Byram Chan thought proper

to provide againfl a.fieg)^*,^^^,

,

and throwing up new works.

ivwrnber

to

flin/t

bying

i'l

Secunder Shaw, encamped

Byram Chan fent continual letters to Lahore, to

his reliefs Humaioon accordingly marched, joined

before Sirhind, and

Huniftiooh
joins his gereral

Byram,

ut Sirhind.

haften the king to

made

gyj-am,

repeated

fallics

frpm the

city,, and. jjreatly diftrelTed, the

..<t3...
^7
j
^
i

'

enemy

in their

Upon

the

camp.

lad:

day of

.i,n9liiii3q
Rigl^)^,

SflJ

'when

'

lo 3fiyaHii370

thi3

young prince Akhar' was

going the rounds of the camp, the Patans drew up their

offered battle.
Prr.-.ceAkbar

S'o^uj'army

princc,

and

This had jth^er intended jsffe^ft on the impetuous yoiing

v/ho could not bcar.to be .infultfd.

obtained his father's per^iflion, drew out the

*There

forces,

titles fignify,

He

accordingly having

^r^rpiy.

Humaioon gave

the lord of lorJs, the grateful friehtJ, and

tlie

grief-c^pcHirtg

coiTipaJiion.
"

'

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

'^ATaoaVITH
the

command of -the right

'5

0 Y^0T81H HHl

Chan Chanan, and the

to

ehah, which wds compofeS of the

troops' df

left to

207

^oi

Secunder

^554-

AbduUa Chan Ufbeck,

Shaw Ahdl Mali, Alia Kulla Chan Bahader, and Tirdi Beg Chan,
whb \^efe tohegin the adion. He took poft in iJerfon in the center,
and ad'tanced flowly towafds

The

the enemy,

who

waited the attack.

having charged, according to the orders which they

left vvin;g

JJ^^^.^*^^^'-'*^

had received, the enemy were broke, and they never

from the

confufiori'into

ever, <idHtin'iifcd

which they

warm 'for Tome

w^ere thrown.

time

after recovered

The

Humaioon and

how-

adion,

his gallant gei-

neraP Gli^'Chandri drfplayed gr^at conduct, while the young prince

Akbar
were

diftingaifhed himfelf with afts of perfonal valor.

hi]:,

even to forget that iheyjvf pre. mortal men.

weredj-iven aff the

Shaw

field,

'

'

The

enem)^^^^^t.j.bi-HVrai/<

with very great flaughter, and Secunder The

'

Patans'

oveunrown,,.

fled, with, precipitation, to

This

vicSlory

the mountains of Sewalic.

decided the fate of the empire, which

from the Patans.

i^ahs

The Moguls

animated by the behavior of that young hero, that they

fo

fe erne d

'mEjIa"".'?

Secunder Chan, the Ufbeck, and fome other

were detachedjto,

Jal5,e

poircffion of

om-

Delhi and Agra, whicli.they

Humaioon

^fie0.cd without oppofition.

ever The empire

fell for

conferred the government

of the province of Punjaab upon Abul Mali, and ordered

purfue Secunder ShavY^ixO

him

from the Pa^

-

jjoguisl^*
e' '-H-np'r^

to

m&iUph io

Li 'tfit rribnth-of Ramzafn the king entered Delhi,: in triumph, and The king enbfecame,

-'

a iebond time,'

S^'hofe val6r
rroration/

Emperor of Hindoftan.

and conduft the king,

in a great meafure,

was nowrcwarded with the

princely jagiers affigried to hini.'"

the government of Delhi

firfl;

Tirdi

forjyf|>idi

owed

his re-

offices intj^ft-ateVand

Btg

had

"'"o^ioii.on.j:

Glidri'H^^&'apf^oi'iited.to

the faperintendenc3/^6f AgVa wrfs'giverf'to

Secunder Chan, and Alii Kulli Chan was made

Simboii

Byrarn Chan, to

'
'

'

"

'

viceroy; of ;Merat .and

itpmqi;^p h^^fptm^

tore?,

o^'-As Shavy^A^tiFMali; w^yclfBUh^^'CfT'difputes with thb'bm^ahs' ih

ch%''ahnyy had permitted Secunder Sh'aW''ta becoiii'e

dki-ly "iriore^r-'AlcHar fcnf

middble; the king dilpafched his fbn Akbar, under the

'tllr^v^tioii

Byram Chan,

man

againll: him,.,

.Much about

this tune,, a

of Siilk^^

of low

birth.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

who became

A. D. 1555. birth,
Hig. 963.

famous, under the

a rebellion in Simbol, and,

Alii

The

ul

Awil,

He

was, however, on the

fifth

of

nine hundred and fixty three, defeated and

flain

by

Kulh, and the infurredtion

totally quaflied.

Humaioon walked

evening of the feventh of Ribbi ul Awil,

king's

railed

plundered the

collecting a great force,

provinces between the rivers.

Ribbi

name of Kumber Di ivan,

death.

out upon the terrace of the libraiy, and

When

to enjoy the frefli air.

of the

from the

flair

of religion, ftood
then

fat

fliil

down upon

fhould be ended.

The

upon

this occafion,

fell

headlong from the top

up

infenfible,

and

and repeated the Culma

he was going to

which unfortunately

a ftaff,

king, conformable to the pi-adcice

the fecond flep of the

When

laid

to the

upon

flipt

upon the marble, and the king

But

his fpcech,

in vain, "for

upon

Paradife.

He

liiglit to

upon the banks of the

was taken

and a noble

was buried

in the

tomb

eredted over him, fome years after, by his fon Akbar.

v;as

Humaioon

The

city,

died at the age of

years, both in
His churac-

He

flair.

he foon recovered

the eleventh, about funfet, his foul took her

he fupported himfelf

rife

theif art:

all

*,

the proclamation

flair till

bottom of the
bed

his

and the phyficians adriiinuiered

new

to defcend the fbcps

the crier, accordjing to cufloii>, pro-

terrace,

upon

there for fome time

Emperor began

the

claimed the time of prayers.

down

fat

fifty

river

one, after a reign of twenty

Humaioon were

there can be any excefs in virtues fo noble as thefe.

praved the fource of

all

his misfortunes

and the generous patron of

,

flourilhed in his time. In bjlcle

he was

valiant

the clemency of his difpoiitidn hindered

in a

manner which fuitedthe

tlie

men

exceflive

vices of the times.

to

learned, a lover

who

of genius,
;

But

ufing his vidories

Had he

been'iefs

mild and religions, he v/ould have been a more fuccef ful prince

he been a worfe man, he would have b^en

If

but they re-

and enterprizing

him from

His affedion

warded him with ingratitude and contempt. Pie was

of literature,

fivt;

Cabui and HLndoflan.

mildncfs and benevolence of

his brothers

a greater

1 lad

monarch.

^ Tiic Creed.

THE

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

4k.

PART

vr.

The Reign of Shaw Jumja Abul Muziffer

Gellal ul dien Mahummud Akbar
Padshaw Ghazi.

SECTION
The Hiftory of Akbar, from

his

I.

Acceflion to the Defeat

Himu.

and Death of

SHECH ABUL FAZIL., the moft elegant writer of Hindoftan,

A. D.

c,-.

Higer- 965,

has given to the world the hiftory of the renowned Akbar,

three volumes, called

we

fhall chiefly extract the tranfadtions

When Humaioon

From

Akbar namma.

in

became

that hiftorian,

of this reign.

his

after

infenfible

fall,

the Mahummud
Akbatn. cunts

Omrahs

fent

Shech Chuli exprefs

Akbar of the accident which had

days after,
Callanore.

the

news of

befallen his father.

his father's death

The Omrahs, who were

their grief for the deceafed, raifed

Vo

L.

II.

Punjab,

to

acquai:it

Not many

to the prince at

prefent, after expreffing

Akbar
e

came

to

to

the throne,

on the
fecond

the-

throi.e at"

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. p. ij^^i
Higcr. 963.

Iccond of Rubbi ul Sani, in the year 061, beine: then thirteen

I

months old.
tjflj rii
^noim^gafli

,orniJ nn-arn

Byram Chan, on

SSni'iirr^^'^

.zHino/

the acceflion of Akbar, became abfolute

gent, and had the whole civil and military

lion.

in his hands.

The

patching the

letters

firfl:

rfii

power of the empire

orders iffued from the throne, after dis-

of proclamation, were, to prohibit the ex-

money, from the farmers;

adtion of Pefhcufh
^ui iud0

aUi

Jiiacl ariJ

years and nine

to let all goods

and to prevent the injurious practice of prefling

^muxx Vv^jsiio pLLLaaLiitiH^
,ii&gii3d
labourers to the wan
pafs toll-free,

Not many

Abui impri*

bore.

who began

days after the acceffion of Akbar,

Shaw Abul Mali,

was

to difcover treafonable intentions,

feized and

He, however, found means, fome time

and Pulwan Gul, the Cutwal, to whofe charge

imprifoned in Lahore.
after,

to efcape

he was committed,

The king

Alvbar dc-

Secundcr Shaw.

killed himfelf.

led his

army

tbv/ards the hills,

feats

ji

oj'u

bi,

,idba

imperial

fly

fyi^dued the country of Nagracot

t]^^

xains

'if.r -^;,r ..,r.,f..

^.

MirzaSoU-

In the

army could not purfue him.

vince into favQfii i^and

mean

>

>

with i Vftw'to^^i

iirj<^
he defeated Secundeir;

Shaw
farther among the mountains ; whither

terminate the party of Secundcr

and obliged him to

. .

Akbar,

in the ihean time,

received the Raja of ithat pro-

coming on, took up

r-yh

-f^

the

time, Mirza Soliman,

l-i-r

his

<][aarterff

?-''r!to brrp

.Mellti^?

who had been

left

go ver-

tlllXlla! nor of Buduchflian, threw off his allegiance, fet up for himfelf,
marched againft Cabul. That city was defended by Monim

fbiiT hf^-'

Chan, the tutor of

Mahammud Hakim,

the king's brother.

Intelligence of this rebellion being brought to Akbar, he

diately detached

Chizier Chaja,

Mahummud

Kulli

and other Omrahs,

9

Chan

Burlafs,

to fuccour

imme-

Chan Azim,

Monim Chan.
Some

tS-

THE HISTORY
Some of

without, to harrafs the befiegers

which they continued

The

for the fpace of four months.

became

garrifon, in the

to be diftreffed for provifions

kingdom of

The

name of Soliman^

fliould be read in the

do

to

mean

^. 0. fi^^*

time,

which obliged Monim

for the

to confent, that the chutba,

Chan,

arj

entered Cabul, while others encamped

Omrahs

thofe

O F HI N D O S T A N.

Cabvils

after this

rebel,

fubmiffion, raifed the fiege, and returned to Buduch(haE|fiidD3q

aboog U

J9l oj

|8i3rrnfit sxlJ nioit

During thefe tranfadions

at

tX^nom

fitiioiiiciSi

Himu,

Cabul,

the

'

io noiibn
vizier)

of

Cabul fubmits to him.

Mahummud Shaw

Adili, of Bengal, advanced towards Agra,

He

with thirty thoufand horfe and two thoufand elephants.

obliged Secunder Chan, the governor of that city, to retreat to

Shadi Chan, an Afghan

Delhi.

mean

time,

Rehib

raifed

where

Omrah

of Shaw Adili, in the

Alii Kulli

Chan

entituled

Seiflani,

river,

thofe

who

his army,

takes'

*
-

alive,

efcaped the fword, being ^rnswiied in

^jsmcir

Himu

Chan Ziman,

the river.

AdiU,

attacked him, but

was defeated ; and carried only two hundred of

field

the

an army, and advanced to the banks of the

with three thoufand horfe, crofling the

from the

Himu,

vizier of Shaw

having taken Agra, marched towards Delhi, where

Chan commanded.
Omrahs around, foliciting

Tirdi

Tirdi

expreffes

fent

to

all

advances to
Delhi,

the

and was joined by Abdulla

fuccours,

Chan, Lai Sultan Buduchfhi, Alii Kulli Inderani, Merick' Chan

Kullabi, and others
to give the

enemy

and then he thought himfelf in a condition

battle,

without waiting for Chan Ziman

who,

with feveral other Omrahs, and a confiderable reinforcement, was

marching
feledted

to his afliftance.

three thoufand

elephants,

Himu, who was

chofen horfe,

which he polled about

his

and with which he charged Tirdi Beg

him

quite off the field.

Himu then
Ec 2

a very valiant

defeats Tirdi

and fome of his beft Ddhi"

own

perfOn

irt

the icenter j

fo violently, that

fell,

man,

he drove

with great impetuofity,

upon

THE

tho right-wing, iwhith

fUjj ^uipbn
,i

rilJSTOiRY O F; >H IN D O

was

"This vidoFy

jgfenei'd,

thttUy immediately

iVy

Sirhind, left

all

lie

routed fo

o((T

^ti'r:(

.alfo'to Sirhilidif

and Tirdi Beg, flying to

fiirrendered-j

the country open to the.en.n>yi;i;.iChah

fi

difaller-,

floijsg

8W

Tlie king

libbfditjO

,li

i&iidiiig calL

pklity.

Devolves his

to.

news of Himu's
i-n-

Byram Chan, then

hiDi

9ltib-jtnta

..

.xfT

saa

il

{Saba^*.

He

told that able

ip(Jiudence.

iji^,'hiS'

affairs,

Jallender

and,

diltinguilhed by the

man,

name or Chan
title

that htf-repofed his

and good condud,

in. this

He called

fuccefs.

Chanan, and conferred upon him the honorable

,

haftened

....
OJ tsmfiPfJ

~:wa?i^at

Ziman,

except PhinjaK, -wreftcd from- him.

ids dciaiiDions,

LwasL gneatlyi aftedlcd with the

power upon

BrntnChan.

!)

king, during thefe tranfadions,

^Flic

at Mer-at,

inoqu bavlolsi j>ni3d f^mivhod

f.'ii'.y'.atit

orniH

the fiight became

tJiat

compleat, that in confequence of

fo

leaving received intelligence cf this

-c

S X^V^^I:

of Chan

whole

truft

perilous fituation of

and defired that he might take whatever meafures

thought moft conducive to retrieve his

affairs.

He,

at the

hfe

fame

time> alTured Byram, in the moft folemn manner, that^he would

give no attention to any malicious infinuations which might be

The young

fuggefted to the royal ear by his enemies.

having thus exprelTed the genui-ne fentiments of his foul

he made him

fv^et^.r,

the head of his

-tfuft^- vvhicl^

council of

cQun<:il,

Chin
'^tfiat

own

Byram,

by the foul of his fathor HcimaiOon> and by

fon, that

was now.

he would be

reppfed. in him.,

"-r

faithful to- the great

-nit

of war was immiediateiy caHed,

prefid^d^."''

to

prince

The

-^r.

iri"

?o';ri^r'f.'!'ao:

which Byram

majority of thfe^^Mf ahs Were of opinion,

4s 'the eiiehiy confifttd

of aboV6 a Tiundred thoufand horfe,

while the royal- army fcarce amounted to twenty thoufand,"^'!!

"woirld be mofl prudent to retreat to Cabul.

niibuily oppofed this meafure, and

Byram

was almoft

Chafi

lingular in hiV
,)ni

Baba

fti'^-

has

fignifies father.

opinion^

THE MrSTORY
opinion, vvHicli was.to

^OF HIND.OSTAN.

g:ive battle

The

inftmtly to (the enemy;

joined Byrana's fentimeiits with fo.rauch tvarmth and

gallant anxiety, that the

Omrahs

cried. auty in-^rapture, that their

lives and' fortunes 'were- at his ierviceiJniJoa 3d3

Immediate

hoftilities

ih

king
marches a-

appointed governor of Lahore, to adt againft Secunder

the king himfelf prepared, in perfon, to chaftife

marched

i-.iid^
f

ii'ij

i'o

iThfe)

and was there joined by

to Sirhind,

who had

.Omrahs,

^JJJ^^^^^

being rerolved upon, Chaja GHiz^rChan-, The

wlio was married to the king's aunt, Gulbaddin- Begum, was

;|ie

.efjived

i\oi ^baiLlu<:>'

^ssfhile

?,55-

Higer. 903.

'

young king

213

alTembled at that placGk

..>..i;'..-'i

>

t.

....

king '^'bfeing Qut^ due day^

.-.

at**

'^[iinoy

-;^i'r:

-ii

.y-icv-M

.ntip/r^HwJ-

.hBnndO

\yan

the ^iver-iion

nmi

Himu.

Shaw j
Himu.

his. defeated

u^u^/ iUjsi^H

gainft

6 haiVidr^;

Byram Chan
punilhes fir-

'Byram Chan, called Tirdi Beg to his

tent,

and ordered him

to be

beheaded for abandoning Delhi, where he might have defended

himfelf, and for other unmilitary crimes, with

When

juftly charged.

which he was

Akbar returned, Byram Chan waited

upon him, and informed him of what he had dope

he excufed

himfelf for not acquainting the king of his intentions, by infmu^

ating, that

he was certain his royal clemency was

fo great,

notwithftandiag Tirdi's crimes, he would have forgiven

which/

at fuch a time,

that
him--;

would bs attended with very dangerous

confequences, as the hopes of the Moguls refted upon every individual's

performance

ftrict

negligence was, ia fuch a

treafon, and
oa,

of duty.

Pie

x:ritical fituation,

affirmed,

as great

gerous

crifis,

Without
tQnte;d f

and

a crime as
,

ought to meet with an equal punilhment. But

the other hand, defert fhould meet with reward

is

the feafon-ofril:ri<51: juflice,

his reward,

whef^ hg

that

:.,^"or;a

in both

that,

dan-

refped:&.

the foldler becomes languid and difcon-

fears,

no puniflimentjii

h<?;; bq(:Qti>|es.

negligent

infolent.

The

di Beg.

T^tl^j.

,^

P- 'SS^v

<^v.

1^3'^'

The

king

(Jered at

^'^

ORY

,Q

f^vv into the propriety

f^i

If

p p.S TAN.

of the meafure, but he fhud-

the inhumanity of the punifhment.

He, however,

thanked Byram for the fervice which he had done him

deed, though the pohcy of that minifter was fevere,

intended efFed:
eaiglA 9rfT
3^

among

the

They faw

Omrahs.

and, in-

it

had the

that they had

hope, and every thing to fear from fadion and bad

"^^^^"g

behaviour; and therefore, they became very obedient to the

orders of Byram Chan.

aiimdol bfU .^uoq^bHho aUup ^tmj

baiabiolib bns Aozd Hal
from Sirhind towards Delhi,
^rij

Akbar mar-

The

king foon after marched

detaching Secunder Chan, Abdulla Chan, Alia Kulli Inderani,

helWu

Mahummud Chan

Mudjenu Chan Cafhkal,

and others, under the command _oj^ Chan Ziman, Amir ul
Ororah *, fome miles in his front. Himu, who had alTumcd
Lai

Sultaii,

the

title

Jellaher,

of Raja Bickermajit, in Delhi, having attached Shadi

Chan, and other Afghan Omrahs

that city with

all

tion, exceeded, a

The

infantry,

van-

Afga'nsde-^
featcd.

Himu

his forces;

which, by the loweft computa-

hundred thoufand horfe, befides elephants and

with a great

train of artillery.

a great body of Afgans,

with fome

He

detached, in front,

artillery,

which

falling in

Chan Ziman, were defeated by that general, with the lofs

of all their guns, which proved a'fignal advantage to the king.:
with.

arrives

Himu

having arrived

at

atPanniput.

y^^^^^^ y^^y near him.

greatly confided,

marched out of

to his interefl,

general ac-

tion.

^ ,^

among

Panniput, heard that the king was ad-,

He

divided his elephants, in

his principal

ofHc^S,^^

which

he'

fjiQjl

In the morning of the fecond of Mohirrim, 964, Chan Ziman,

who had been, by that time, joined by the whole army except
a few, who remained to guard the king, drew up in order of
bat^l^jj

a^ \yai^e4

3Divbfi

tlji?,^ttft<?k,!

oAi 61 3DniIqmoo

r.l

^.Hiiiiu
T.rijIA

began the
bnBfi

aiftion

nwo zid

with his

rijiw bfaftni

elephants.

THE

l^ fff dkT

t)F^ftWl3aSTANl
Mogul

elephants, in hopes of frightening the

The

Chigittai

who were

cavalry,

^'j^j:'^^!^'

He, however, found

not accuftomed to thofe enormous animals.

that he was deceived.

il^

Omrahs,

either

from

a fear

of the fate of Tirdi Beg, or from a nobler caufe, their

own

Himu, with fuch refolution, after he had peneCenter of the Mogul army, where Ziman commanded,

valor, attacked

trated the

The Afgans
broke.

that the elephants, galled with lances, arrows and javelines,

quite outrageous, and fubmitting no longer to

came

be-

command,

back and difordered the Afgan ranks.

fell

who

Hihin,

rode a prodigious elephant,

ftill

continued the The bravery

a<5Hon with great vigor, at the head of four thoufand horfe, in the

very heart of the Moguls

with an arrow, the

wound was

being

at laft, pierced

mortal, forfook him.

COTidition, continued the fight

He

eye^.

greateft part of his troops, fearing that his

But that valiant man, drew

the eye out of the focket, with the arrow

courage.

through the

and, in that terrible

with unequalled refolution and

who

encouraged the few

remained by his

fide,

and advanced through a bloody path which his weapons made;

till

KuUi Chan Mhiram

Himu's elephant
pointed to
carry

him

own

addrefiing him, by name, faid, he

would

Kulli Chan, immediately He is

whitherfoever he pleafed.

him with a body of horfe, and carried him prifoner

Akbar, whom Byram Chan, as upon him refted the hopes

of , all, detained in the rear.

>.r^
..,,.-v
'-'-HMnM^o bnoo^l
^

When

the unfortunate

Himu was

almoll expiring with his wounds,

that

it

infidel

would be
with his

sdfi

>o <?nimom

Akbar,

">fit

Byram Chan
in

told the king,

to kill that brave

compliance

taken

P"^'^"^'^'

oT

Brought into the prefence,

a meritorious a<5lion in him,

own hand.

life,

furrounded
to

'

ftretched his fpear to kill the driver of

that timorous wretch, to fave his

Himu, and

to the advice

of his tutor, drew his fword, but only gently touched the head

a
and

flain,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2l6
A. D. i?;6.
Higer,

of Himu, burfting into tears of compaflion.

upon the king, infinuated, that the ill-timed clemency of

<lernly

iu3 family,

was the fource of

llroke of the fabre, fevered

Attbar arrives

Akbar

ai Delhi.

all

their misfortunes,

Himu's head from

field,

He

and

all

Mullu Pier

Mahummud

Himu, which was

depofited in

accompliflied, with

fome

tjhe

immediately marched from the

From

of Delhi.

.pofTeffion

private affairs of Byram, towards

lofs

Mewat,

on the

dif-

manager of the
This

fide

fervice

of the Moguls

of

was
and

former tranquillity.

its

II.

Sultan Akbar, from the Death of

Himu, to that of Byram Chan.

Hiftory of

r^ULTAN HUSSEIN,

advanced, this year, by the orders

and

laid fiege to

the walls, with

Kandahar.

Mahummud

place, as deputy of

the Perfians.

Shaw Ifmaiel Suffvi

of Shaw Tamafp of Iran,

of
the grandfon

k3

After a fharp engagement, before

Kandahari,

Byram Chan, the

who commanded

city fell into the

Chizer Chaja Chan was,

feated by Secunder Shav/, and obliged to

The

he

to feize the treafure

that place.

empire, in fome meafure, returned to

The

that city,

Shirwani,

SECTION

i'id^Puljab.

his body.

took, in this aftion, iifteen hundred elephants,

and took

patchcd

The king

and with one

the artillery of the enemy.

ThcPerfians
heliege and
take Kanda-

Byram, looking

at

in the

hands of

the fame time, de-

fly to

Lahore.

king, having received intelligence of this double difafter,

put his army in motion, and marched towards Punjab.

Secunder

Sliaw, v/ho had advanced as far as Callanore, retreated

upon the
kings's

JPINP03,TA

J^i3{rp.iSLT

of Mapcot, whigh ha4 been built 'by Hig^^'^H;

Akbar befieged Secunder^ in that fortrels, for the Befieges Se-

kip^s ;approach, to the

Sqlim 5haw.
fpace pf

fprt

months^ he then began

iiJf

upon

the place,

217.

condit,ions

fort to fettle the terms

to treat about furrendering

Azim

and Chan

Mancot!'^

being fent into the

^j^^^

^^^^^

capitulation.

of capitulation, Secunder propofed to that

Oxnrah, to give his fon, as a hoftage to the kin^, for his future
obedience, if he hirafelf fhould be permitted to retire to Bengal.

This being granted, pn the part of Akbar, Shgck Abul Rhiman,

the fon of Secunder Shaw, was, in the

brought to the king, with prefents,

month of Ramzan, 964,

conllfliing

Secunder Shaw was permitted to

phants.

Mancot was

delivered

up

to

Akbar.

chiefly of ele-

retire to

The king

Bengal, and
left

a trufty

governor in the place, and proceeded to Lahore,

Byram Chan, being

privately difguflied at favors

I'll
ri
had conierred upon fome pcrfons,
kmg
r

whom he
1

which the

r r

Byram Chan
'

fufpedted to be

enemies to himfelf, for fome days, refuf^d to come to court.

The

king, in the

mean

time, happened to amufe himfelf with an

elephant fight, and the outrageous animals chanced to run ov^er

the tents of
that this

quaint

glad to

**

That he was

but that,

know

better able to

minifter immediately fufped:ed,

if

fprry to fee that he

he deferved Akbar's

fent to ac-

had difobliged

diflike,

he would be

the crime he had committed, that he might be the

make

the prefence."

which

The

was done defignedly by the king, and he

him

the king

Byram Chan.

his excufe,

and then,

retire for ever

The king was touched with

his foul abhorred

from

an imputation,

but he condefcended to acquaint By-

ram, that the circumftance, from which his ungenerous fufpiciojis arofe,

was a mere accident.

Byram Chan, who

ftill

This, however, did not fatisfy

continued to fufpedl that the kiqg's mind

^

was eltranged fronj^im.

yoL.

II.

The

diiguft^d with

the king,

the"
The

A.D. 1556.
Higcr. 964.

if i'

yii f

difpofition of

Chaja Callan,

the fignal fervices

who was proud

which he had rendered

up tooppofe Byram Chan in

O S t A N.

of his family, and of

to the kins, fet himfelf

That

his adminiftration.

vindidtrve

minifter, to get rid of his antagonift,

condemned him

upon very

raifed

among

the

flight

pretences,

for the

cvju^ua

his orders^"^

'

Upon

^ >d

this occafion,

his minifter

Though

which

The king

Omrahs.

violent proceeding;

Breach between him

and the king,

fj t>

king, foon after this tranfaftion, marched from Lahore

Delhi.

Vindklive

A3

i)l

alfo exprelTed his diflike

4ui>ii

done

oiojiooxui, tiii zu

of

this

without

iuAt agiucl

3ldBq:> "Jb'lmiil jinidj ion hifa 9fl

high worrfs arofe beivv-eeh the king

and the former, in a few days,

commotions

great

whole had been

i^-i^'U

to death

the king did not difcover

what had

fet

pafled

and Byram, the caufe of his journey was no fecret

aAli

out for Agra.

between him

at court.

The

people fided with their young king, in this quarrel, and the

power of the minifter began

to decline vifibly every day.

The

enraged Byram, in the mean time, endeavored to recover his

Authority by rigor and

Much

Hepuni(hes

ofV2?Ma-*
huminud.

.BmD^lo

feverity.'^^^=^"^"'^

about this time, Mullu Pier

enoin

Mahummud, who had

teen formerly a retainer of Byram Chan, was, on account of his

g^^^^. ^^iiitigg^

He

preferred to the high office of tutor to the king.

foon engroffed a great {hare of the king's favor

the

and, at

which

Omrahs, who attended

laft,

to fend

them word

ufed often to

his levee, to wait

whole hours,

that he could not fee

infolent beTiaviour gave grisat offence to

many.

14

'Chan himfelf was

little

better treated, one day, by

an^ he took itTo much amifs,

and the pride

He

of advancement began to fwell in his heart.

make

that,

by

them

Byram

Mahummud;

virtue of his

own

autho-

rity,

he fent the tutor prifoner toBiana, from thence he baniflied

him

to

Guzerat, and there (hipped

him

off for

Mecca, to profe-

cute his devotion.

The

^U B n I# T O R Y p f
'^l

ito

Th^

kipg;

was highly offended

y ate favors.

The

the Uberty of difpofing

ieemed

pwn

otP his

pwi-

P- ^55^H'ger. g6^^-fiie

king be-

^^y^^^^^'ll^''

That

one of the

poffefTion of Bibil,

Mahummud Shaw
him, wrote to

againft

^^^i^g

perceiving the. Sultan's rage,

artful miniiler,

tention to an other objedb.

for

an expedition againft Gualier, to divert^ thp

^proje(3:ed

it

P|0 ;S T Ajlsj.

at this .prpceedijiigy-a^ it

him from even

debar

Jtii

flaves

4;|ien

of Selim; Sh^w,

in

thjC

i^^.*^*

^P^^

Guaiier.

held

vy:ho,

Bibil, hearing of Akbar's defign

Adili.

Ram

was

fortrefs

Hinge's at-

Shaw, a defcendant

of.

Raja ]VIan

Singh, that as his anceftors had been mafters of Guaiier, and, as

he did not think himfelf capable

the king, he would put

into the polTeffion or^t^e^R^ja for a

it

reafonable fum.

Ram

to hold out the place againft

Shaw, glad

at this

thefort: but Kika Chan,

irnmediately

offer,

who

ba^

Rama.

Kika, immediately after this vidiory, returned

The

overtures of capitulation.

this circumftance, ordered

4^chment,

to give Bibil the terms

^j^e, fortrefs.

The

king being informed of

Mahummud

Chaja

Chan, with a d^-

he required, and

traitor accordingly,

to fieze

maflj
.Int

imppp

ion lAuo)
Jixii biov. m^pi ba^i or.^ih.i n. ,-b;ij;
the courfe of the fame year, Chan Ziman, to wipe off fome Aaions

manner

under which he

^"

lay,

in the king's fervice

near Jionpoor and Benaris,

-:>ioiQ oj ,0.333

W loi

tio

mid

exerted himfelf in a particular

for

which

he fubdued
till,

all

the provinces

then were, in the hands of

h^qqifj) ^uri) has ,Jfi-rssuO o) raid

.

-nmmpd

3i>l

gli^erfions

uppn

being gratified with fome

inoney and a promife of fwture favour, delivered up the

Akbar."^'**

feeing himfelf thus befieged,

Bibil,

fortrefs.

Guaiier de-

and

his vaffals,

all

Shaw, defeated and drove him into the domi-

and inverted the

made

from the king

Ram

attacking

nions of

moved towards

poifeifed a jaghier

in the neighbourhood of Guaiier, raifed

.i^mmmziA .gnSlrS

f2

^sb'

31/-*

Ji

>,

Sheck

of

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

320
A. D. 155^.
Higer. 96^.
Tranfadlions
at court.

Mahummud

Sheck

Ghori,

the brother of Sheck Phul,

having been, firmly attached to the Chegittai, or Mogul

during the hue lupremacy of the Patans, had
this

family,

who

ordered

favourably received by the king,

provide for

mud

him

manner

in a

Ghori trufting

too*

to pay that court to

expected
to ferve

Byram

expedi-

Malava.

that

Mahumnegleded

haughty minifter

therefore took every poffible

and made things

to

means

to avoid

fo very difagreeable to

the court and retired to his old family

rcfi-

This being reprcfented to the king, revived his former

dif-

dence

tion againll

Byram Chan

to the king's authority,

Byram Chan which

Mahummud,

him, that he

An

and was very

fuitable to his dignity.

much

intereft,

Guzcrat,

fled to

year refiurned to court with his

who

left

at Gualier.

content againfl

The

Byram Chan.

artful minifter foon obferved

the countenance of his fovereign.

a vifible alteration in

He

therefore formed an expedition againft Malava, to turn the king's

mind from the

adtive

private politics of the court.

Byram

ac-

Chan Ziman from

command of the army deftined to

cordingly called Bahadur, the brother of

Debalpoor, and gave him the

aft againft

The

Tranfattions

who

Baz Bahadur,

king

much

then ruled over Malava.

about this time went out upon a hunting

at court.

and made a progrefs

party,

as far

miles of Delhi, between the rivers.

joined
ill

at

him

there,

Secundra, within forty

as

Mahim

and told him, that his mother was extremely

Delhi, and was very defirous to fee the king.

diately fet out for Delhi, and Shabul dien

puri, an
Great power
ot

Byram

city,

his fofter-brother

Omrah

came out

of
to

five

thoufand,

who

Ahmed Chan

then

Neifha-

commanded

meet Akbar with prefents

He

He imme-

that

in the

Omrah was
that Byram

in great perplexity

how

Chan would impute

the king's journey to Delhi to his intrigues,

Chan.

to

ad.

was

afTured,

and

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN^.

and would not

Mu-

of liim^ as he had done of

^- i557'
Higer, 965.

he therefore acquainted the king of his apprehen"-

fuai Beg'y

fions^

fail to g-et, rid

and begged he might be permitted to make a pilgrimage

The

to Mecca..

king was very m:ueh affetled upon hearing

by o-bferving

requeft,

was -become

how

this

formidable the power of his minifter

to all his friends

but after he had confidered the

many obligations under which he and his family lay to that able
man^ he could pot think of removing him: to leflen howfome meafure,. the appfehenlions of

ever, in

Ahmed Chan,

the

king wrote Byram that he had of his own. accord proceeded to

Delhi, and aot at the inftigation of any pcrfcri^ but merely
.

pay

his refped:s to his

to appeafe the

mother ; that therefore a

**

turned for anfwer,. that

aga^nft any

He

favoi-."

from him

minds of thofe who were apprehenflve of his

would be extremely

difpleafure,

letter

t<t

whom

neceffary.

Byranj.

Chan

-..^

re-

he fhould never enlertain reierrtmeiat

king was pleafed ta honor v/ith his

the

moreover fent Hadjee

Mahummud

Seiftani

and?

Tirdi Beg to Delhi, with affurances of his loyalty and abfolute

obedience to the king's royal pleafure.

In the

mean

time, Shabuldien

Ahmed Chan Bnd'mg

the king ^

difpofed to protect him, and to hear aceufations againft

Chan, gave a loofe to his tongue one day

minifter.

He

whom

In fhort, fo

he had

many crimes

were alledged againft Byram Chan, particularly his defigns

favor of

Abul Calim, the fon of Mirza Cameran,

was alarmed and thought

When

therefore Hadjee

it

jj^g^kin""

in public againft that

was joined by the whole court,

previoufly attached to his intereft.

Byram

faftion ac-

'

in?

that the king

necefTary to euptail his authority.

Mahummud

and Tirdi Beg arrived, in ^

ftead of being admitted to an audience, they were immediately

breach be-

^J^j^e^^^g

imprifoned.

This

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2 2^2

Higer

'965''*

Tranfaaions
at court.

This breach between the king and Byram Chan,

Oae day

^^^^ ^thcr particulars by Abul Fazil.

^j^^j great

man, one of the king's elephants

at

related

is

Agra, fays

in the rutting feafon,

Byram Chan and killed him. Byram,

commanded that the keeper of the king's ele-

attacked an elephant of
for this offence,

phants fhould be put to death, without giving any notice to the

Akbar was

fultan.

greatly difpleafed with this piece of cruelty,

when he found that the poor man was innocent,

having loft all his command over the outrageous animal. Soon
after, continues Abul Fazil, as Byram Chan was taking his
cfpecially

pleafure in a barge

on the

had been carried down

to the water, tun. furioully againft

barge, and had almoft funk

of the

rider,

one of the elephants, which

river,

before,

it,

he was brought

by the uncommon

The

to obedience.

turally of a fufpicious and unforgiving temper,

thefe

efforts

minifter, na-

imagined that

and he publickly

laid againft his life;

were actually plots

petitioned the king to punifh the rider of the elephant.

king, to appeafe Byram, and to remove

the

'The

fufpicions, ordered

all

that the elephant-rider ftiould be fent to him, to be punifhedat

-difcretion.

But Byram,

either to

make an example

man, who might

to gratify his refentment againft the innocent

even be faid to have faved his

to death.

life,

-"jidb^rforfw

The king was highly inccn fed by thefe

'\'>ht^ si-i

prefumption and cruelty.

cbiititi'^nd there

His

him

ordered

to others, or

alfo

^itiBl\/i

be put

to

ludA

twoinftances of Byram's

jlifpleafure

became; vifible to the

who made

were not wanting many,

it

bufmefs by private infmuations, to encreafe hift^refentrnent.

king, at length,
h.ik

iVj^fei

-^,4.o>

came

to

'the rfeihs of governmisnt,

>

The

the refolutioni of depriving Byrani of

,

which required fonie

Some authors
fituation of affairs.
i M-^w nciA nii ad: xU zcw
] u.
'.-.;

theil:

delicacyt in; the

mention a jfcheme
uii l

'

fuggefted

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

fugg'efted to

of the

poffeflion

They

Akbar by hi& nurfe

which were

that fhe difcovered to

alfo fay*

which ihe had

to confine him,

tion between

feals

upon

*,

Byram and

this occafion, to get A. D. 1558.

Byram Chan's pofTellion.

him that minifter's defign

in

accidentally heard, in a converfa,-

the queen-mother.

223

This, fay they,

.

waS' the circumftance that determined Akbar to leave Agra.

Abul Fazil mentions nothing of

informs^

for that hiflorian

this affair;

with greater probability, that the whole was con-

us,^

Ghan and Mahim Anigah, on

certed bfetween-Adam

the young king,

who now began

to be

of a tutor, and

tired

thought be was capable of adting for hioifelf^

from

-nut visJi^v^

this digreflion.

When

it

became public

.-jHi

the part of

to retvinj

^feit

n-wob b^hijrrnt^so bd

6:t

from Byram Chan

that the deputies

Byram Chan

had been imprifoned by the king, every body predicted the ruin "
of the minifter, and endeavoured to fliake

They

ble.

flocked daily to

young prince immediately

him off as faff

Akbar by hundreds

as poffi*

to Delhi.

iffued a proclamation

'^'^''aced.

That

throughout the

The king
mInTftration'

empire, that he had taken the adminiftration upon himfelf, and ^fj^o^"
that henceforth no orders, but his own, Should be obeyed, Byram

Chan being

difmiffed from the regency^

oVk

oJ

itiid fasisbio

Shaw Abul

Mali,

,3itf giri

who had

before this time found

means

the Gicker, and engaged

him

been confined in Lahore:, having shaw

went

to efcape,

to

Cummal Chan

caflli^re.'^*'

Mali flying to He
Debalpoor, joined himfelf with Bahadur Chan Seiftani, and ftirred

him up
a

tion,

to rebel

From

driven to Sind,
4.

.^

is

defeat-

but Bahadur Chan, repenting of his refolu-

enfued between them,

quarrel

Abul

in an expedition agaipll Ca(hmire

they were defeated with great flaughter.

birt

^^^^

that place

he

^nd Abul Mali was

Guzecat,

fled to
.

This was Ihe that the king weat tovifit

at

ajid. frorn
I

-Y

Ddhi.

thence

taken and
confined.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

224
A. D- 15^8.
Higcr. 966.

Chan Ziman, by the

thence to Tionpoor, from whence

.

Byram Chan,

Tent

him

He was

prifoner to Agra.

order of

fent to per-

petual imprilbnment in the fort of Biana.

Various
fchemes
Byram Chan,

Byram Chan,

finding that he had no farther hopes

_

king, began to torm a reiolution of

gomg

that country, and found an independant

plifli his

kingdom.

reduce

To

accora-

Omrahs,

in

whom he placed his chief confidence,

Abul Mali from

ance and that

Chan

been fent upon the expedition to

But perceiving that he was deferted by

to defpair of fucceeding in that enterprize.

and

to

who had

Malava before him.

leafed

Malava,

to

purpofe, he proceeded to Biana, and called Bahadur

and other Omrahs,

thofe

from the

his confinement,

of Chan Ziman,

to

He,

he began

therefore, re-

intending by his

affift-

attack the Patans of Bengal,

himfelf in that kingdom.

But before he had profcheme, he changed his refolution, and

to fix

many days on this

took the way of Nagore, with a defign to make a pilgrimage to
Mecca upon which, Bahadur Chan, Kika Chan, and many
other Omrahs, who had determined to follow his fortunes, took
ceeded

His

irrefolute

was the unfortunate Byr^m betime too when vfirmnefs, conflancy, and perfeyeranoe
But

leave ofhim.

behaviour.

(.Qj^g^

fo irrefolute

were abfolutely necelTary,

that, like a perfon infatuated,

fooner reached Nagore, after having loft

-no

all

his

he had
friends,

than he changed again his refolution of going to Mecca, ,and be-

gan

to afi!emble troops,

When

with a view to conquer Punjab.

the king was informed of this

new fcheme of Byram's,

he fent Meer Abdul Latif Shufvini, his ovvn preceptor, with

The

king's

him^^^

mclTage to

him

to the following purpofe.

**

Till

now

ja.

our mind

been taken up with our education, and the amufements of

youth, and
fible for

it

was our royal

our empire.

But

pleafure, that

as it is

now

you fhould be refpon-

our intention to govern

our

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

own judgment and

our people, by our

225

pleafure, let our well-

A.D.i^:,s.
Higer. 1^66.

wither contradl his

tire to

from the

Ikirts

Mecca, without

Byram Chan, upon

bufinefs of the world, and re-

and ambition."

thirfling after vanity

receiving this letter, profefTed paffive obe-

banners and

dience, and fent his enfigns of ftate, elephants,

drums, by the hand of HufTen Kulli Beg Zul Kudder,

He

king.

HerefoK-esto

the

to

then returned to Nagore, to prepare for Mecca, being

now abandoned by all

his friends, except Willi

Shaw

Ifmaiel Kulli Chan,

Beg Zul Kuddur,

Chan Merhum, HaiTen Chan

Kulli

Tughlich, Shech Gaddai, and Chaja Muziffer AUi Jurbutti, the

Among

having joined the king.

reft

the latter, was

Akbar when hunting, negledled

who, coming up

to

when he made

his obeifance, for

Abul Mali,

to difmount,

which he was immediately

confined

Byram Chan having proceeded on

,

his pilgrimage
1

as far

as

TvT

Bickanere, repented of his relolution, and returned again to JNagore,

where he began

formed of

proceeding,

that

Mahummud,

to aflemble

being

now

The king

troops.

marched

to

Jidger.

Repents or
hisrelblut.on,

and

levies

being in-

Mulla Pier

returned from his banifhment, to which

he had been condemned by Byram Chan, was thought a proper

He was

perfon to carry on the war againft him.

dignified with titles

The

wards Nagore.

and fent orders

to

by the king, and fent with an army

king,

Monim

Byram Chan, upon

1
fct

accordingly

in the

Chan,

mean

at

to-

time, returned to Delhi,

Cabul, to repair to court.

the approach
of Pier
rr

Mahummud

Chan, He returns towards Punjab.

out for Punjab, and was clofely purfued by that Omrah.

When

he arrived

at the fort

of Tibberhind, he threw

all his

bag-

gage into that place, which was commanded by one of his adherents, by

name Shere Mahummud j but

had got Byram's

Vol.

II.

efFedts into

this traitor

no fooner

the place, than he began to reckon

upon

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

226
A. D. Kqg.

upon them

own, and turned out the guard which the un-

as his

Byram

fortunate minifter had fent to take charge of his baggage.

Chan

out from

fet

thence

governed by one of his old friends, Dirvefli

When

which was then

Debalpoor,

for

Mahummud

Ulbeck.

he came near the place, he fent his fecrctary, Chaja

Mu-

wait upon him, but that ungrateful man, pretend-*

zifter Ali, to

ing to be affronted at Byram's requeft, confined the fccretary,

Byram Chan, who had conceived

and fent him to the king.

great hopes

from

common

men

to

his friendship,

was aftonifhed

and

in adverfity,

fet

at a

behaviour fo

out, in great perturbation

of mind, towards Jallender.

The king

Defeated.

had, by this time, recalled Pier

and appointed Chan

rebellion of

Azim

to reduce Punjab,

at

being broke by the enemy

Chan's principal

but

fides

the

after

Chan Azim's

at length, feveral

being killed,

officers

oblisred to fly to the

tjuell

Matchiwarrah, a battle enfued, which was

maintained with great bravery on both

Flies to the

and to

Chan,'

Chan Azim coming up foon

Byram Chan.

with Byram Chan,

Mahummud

line

of Byram

he was defeated, and

mountains of Sewalic.

j:

mountains of
Sewalic.

''After this victory, the king appointed Chaja

Hirrivi to the government of Delhi, by the

and marched

Ludhana,

in perfon to Lahore.

Munim Chan met

being gracioufly received,

fues

the

him

purinto

moun-

taint.

The

king's

of Afiph Chan,

When Akbar

had reached

him, in his way from Cabul, and

was honoured with the

Chanan, and made prime minifter of the

The king

title

Abdul Mugid

title

of Chan

empir,e.

army having advanced near the mountains of

Sewalic, a detachment of light horfe entered the hills, where the

Zemindars of that country, had convened in fupport of Byram

Chan

to

guard the pafTes

3

but they were driven from poft to pofl;

upon

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

upon which, Byram Chan,

Chan to

ipal

in great diftrefs, fent his flave

227

Jem-

the prefence, to reprefcnt his unfortunate fituatit)n>

'^^'g^J^^-

'^<p

and to implore the king's mercy.

Akbar immediately

Mulla AbduUa Sultanpuri,

^

difpatched
^

with alTurances of his clemency, and

received,

at

fubmits.

unhappy Bycam
he was

ul Sani,

fome diftance from the camp, by a confiderable

whom

number of Omrahs,

He

month of Ribbi

Accordingly, in the

to court.

to bring the

Byram Chan

the king had ordered to meet him.

was brought into the prefence with every

When

favor and diftindion.

poffible

he appeared within

mark of

fight of the

king, he hung his turban round his neck, and fuddenly advancing,

threw himfelf, in

him

inftantly ftretched forth his hand, ordered

him

in his

former

ftation, at the

at

once his uneaiinels and

fplendid chelat

"

If

Byram Chan

fhall not

to

if

and placed

loves a military

'
'

king honored him with a

after the following

life,

in

Jf^^.difpel

11

he

fhall

boi&o\?Q

received
with every

markofdifIheKin^i'/

have the govern^

which he may

he chufes rather to remain

manner,

exercife hi^

at court,

our favor

be wanting to the great benefa6tor of our family

fliould devotion

mage

grief, the

ment of Calpe and Chinderi,

martial genius

to.rifer

head of the Omrahs.

and fpokc to him

The king

of the throne.

tears, at the foot

but

engage the foul of Byram to perform a pilgri-

Mecca he

fhall

beefcorted

in a

manner

fuitable to

Hs

(dignity.'

jiumavag

Byram Chan
for

replied

**

The

Why

then {hould

clemency of the king

is

late errors, a fufficient

the unfortunate

Byram

oJ

royal confidence and friendfhip Herefolveson

me, muft be now diminifhed

6f recovery.

sxlj

nay, they are paft the hopes

remain in the prefence

enough for me, and

reward for

my

my

Let then

turn his face from this world to another,

and purfue his pilgrimage to Mecca."

The

MecS!^*

The

his forgivenefs for

former fervices.

to

kin^ afiented to his

-cjfli

inirf A-jut

THE PUaTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

228
A. D. i,j6o.
^

and ordered a proper retinue for him with co.ooo ru-

r^quefl:,
'

leave of the king,

went

Takes the
xvayofGuze-

Byram foon

pees a year, to fupport his dignity.

to

who with

few attendants

after

camp and

the

left

took

Agra.

Byram Chan took

the

way of Guzerat, with

proceed by fea to Mecca.

When

he arrived

an. intention to^'

in the fuburbs

of

which was then governed by Mufi Chan

of Adtemad Chapi fovereign of the country,

the city of Guzerat,

Lodi, on the part

he was accofled by Mubarick Chan Lohani, whofe father

Himu, Byram Chan had

The

irt-^

wretchf ^

isbafely af-

the battle with

an Afgan^^

pretended to embrace the unfufpedting Byram, drew a dagger

and bafely ftabbed him to the

heart.

killed.

A mob

of Afgans

immediately upon Byram's retinue, and plundered them.

murder happened on the 24th of Jimmud

ul

Awil, in the

fell

This
968tbi'->

of the Higerah.

SECTION
The

Tranfaftions of

Chan,

Akbar from

III.

the Death of

to the total Defeat of the rebellious

Byram
Usbeck

Omrahs.

Akbar

fends

'

'HOWARDS
pointed

gainHMafava.

the clofe of the year 968, Sultan

Adam Chan

and Pier

Mahummud

an army deftined for the conqueft of Malava.

whofe hands that country was then, fpent

command

Bas Bahadur in

his time in luxurious

when he was informed of

which the Moguls meditated againft him but

pleafures

dition

to

Akbar ap-

at Saringpoor,

the expethe

enemy
had

T H E H i S T O R Y O F H IN D O S T A N.
had advanced within ten crdre3 of
with himfelf

prevail

in the beft

Higer. gGd'.
'f^,^-

his

of indolence

own

would

confufion

him with

onfet {hook his order of battle, and fent

ing eyes and a broken heart towards Burhanpoor.

Adam Chan

and then

pei'-^

But the bold Chigittai upon the

mit, he prepared for adlion.

firft

before he coultf

his capital,

to quit the pillows

manner the time and

229

after the vidlory

"^^'-^

He

and the

diftributed the fpoil and the

fent

ladies

Haram

of the

Akbar

Thefcingfuf,

peflingAdam

for himfelf.

nothing except a few elephants to the king of what

was cuftomary on thofe occafions.

re-

ftrearn-

governments of Malava among his Omrahs, referving the trearoyal enfigns,

is

hibixE

fure,

Which
ducsd*

fearing

from

of treafonabie

marches
^^^'^'^^

'^**

this

behaviour, that he entertained treafonabie intentions, put the

When

ftandard in motion towards him.

royal

the imperial

enfigns appeared before Shakeran, the governor of that fort oft

the part of Bas Bahadur, delivered

Sultan from thence

made

it

up

a fudden excurfion

morning arrived before Saringpoor.

to the king.

by night, and in the

He met Adam Chan com-

ing out with an intention to befiege Shakeran

that

Omrah

to the city.

to

he permitted

pay his refpeds, and then he carried him back

Adam Chan

the caufe of his

The

vifit,

fufpedling the king's difpleafure and Ha

laid all the treafure

and

fpoil at his feet

fubmits,

doned.

he excufed himfelf by alledging, that he referved every thing

till

he

perfon.

mency

fliould

have the honour of prefenting them to Akbar in

The king faw through

to rigour,

his defigns, but preferring cle-

he drew the pen of forgiyenefs over

his crime.
I

The

king foon after returned towards Agraj hunting one day Akbar kills n
on the way near Narvar, a great royal tygrefs with five yoting snormous tyones took the road before him.

Akbar advanced

to the animal,

while his retinue flood trembling with fear and aflonihment to

behold the event.

The

king having meditated his blow, fpurred

on.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

230
A. D. i;6..
Higer. 969.

on his hc^rfd^tOvQifds ^W^ier^AygfeSj^Xv^

^ .^j^

^^^^^

with

ftroke of his faJ^re, cut lier acrofs the loins

The Omrahs who

and ftretched her dead upon the ground.

were prefent,

of joy, ran to

in excefs

^^i^i^^^^M

prei'ervatio^fljy

^^^^ ^^"^ having remained fome months at Agra, Sheri

the fon of

poor is overthrown by

ced from Bengal to reduce the province of Jionpoor.

.ao

sai ^

-r^g

Shaw^A'diii
invadin^jion-

.iman.

Mahummud Shaw

Adili,

horfe,

He

was

and received a

total

Bahadur Chan the brother of Chan Ziman,

defeat.

Chan

with 40,000 horfe, advan-

Chan Ziman with 12,000

pppQ^-g^j

and

kifs his royal jftirrup,

diftinguiflied

himfelf in a very particular manner in this adtion ; fo that the

two brothers were efleemed the

but reckoning too

much oa

king difwith

which they had taken

which were always conlidered

battle,

The

they negledted to

their fervices,

fend to the king the elephants

The

boldeft warriors of the age

in the

as royal property.

king, though he gave to the brothers

all

due

praife for

fati^fied

Chan Ziman.

their valour,

would by no means permit any

this

determined him to

march towards Jionpoor, but when he had

arrived at Kurrah,

or encroachment

the brothers,

Who

fubmits
himfelf to his
royal

dcmen-

violation of his laws

viour,

they

upon

his prerogative

and their

fenlible of his refolution

advanced to congratulate him with

...i
had taken,

all

The

and other luitable prelents.

milbeha-

the fpoils
n-n

own
i

which
i

king, whole

generofity and clemency could be only equalled by his fpirit,

returned

At

all,

except what belonged properly to the exchequer.

the fame time he gave

and afterwards engaged

and gracious favour.
day's

them

a gentle reproof for their negled,,

their affedions

The king

by

his princely

bounty

returning to Agra, on the third

march gave the brothers permiffion

to

go back

to Jion-

poor.

By

HI

o? ?

;"y the time that the king had reached Agra, Chan Azim
viceroy
of Punjab, and
J
at court

Adam Chan

to Pier

Mahummud

when Akbar

vifit

the fhrine of Chaja

him
among

in marriage,

Bowan

the

Moin

Dafs,

and

number of

lifted

fent

Mirza

the king's

He

Maldeo of Marwar.

which was

which was

principal

proaches.
baflion,

fort,

thirty crores.

Omrahs of

and

Jal

that country,

threw a detachment into the place and prepared

Mirza HulTein invcfted the

of Raja

in the territories

Mirza HulTein having advanced near Mertah, Jig

who were

to

himfelf returned in three days and

more than one hundred and

Dafs,

for a fiege.

and began to carry on his ap-

In a few days he extended one of his mines under a

and fprung

it,

by which

advanced in perfon with a

while the enemy bravely

grerrto Ij^"
mere.

his devotions,

nights, with a retinue of fix perfons only to Agra,

Dewan

When

Omrahs.

Shirrif ul dein Huflein, governor of Ajmere,

jnveft the fort of Mertah,

diftance of

Dien

ul

king

himfelf and his fon

Akbar had reached Ajmere, and had performed

a pra<5ticablc breach

feledt

filled

body of troops

was made.

to the afTaultj

Tho'

the breach to oppofe him.

frefh fupplies

of troops mounted from time to time, they were

warmly

was obliged

received, that Huffein

to

found a

and the next morning he found that the breach was

retreat,

filled

up by

theRajaputs, whohad continued to work, notwithftanding the

he had kept up the whole night.

for

court,

arrived at Sumbre, Raja Birbil of that country gave

his daughter to

fo

Promotions at

king after thefe tranfadions in the year 969, made a The

progrefs to Ajmere, to

He

king

Chan, and

Chan Azim.

the office of prime minifter to

he

The

according to orders, with fuitable prefents.

gave the government of Malava

The

governor
of Malava, arrived
5

A. D. 1561.

The

fiege

fire

being prolonged

feme months, the brave garrifon were unable

to

hold out
longer.

Mirza Huf.
^crtalfr^^'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

233

flig^r

Which

defiled to capitulate;

9*69'

their

requeft:

was granted.

terms were, that they {hould march out with

is

all

their

arms and horfes.

Jig Jal according to thefe terms left

and marched forth

but

Dewan

all

Dafs,

his

money and

who had

effedts,

been averfe to

the capitulation, colle(5ted five hundred of the garrifon together,

and having burnt

all

their effedls, they rufhed out of the place;

Mirza HufTein having heard of

this breach of the capitulation,

ordered them to be attacked, and the Raiaputs on the other hand

fought with fuch valour,

the

Mogul army with

their

number.

that

might not

it

way through
of

fifty

Dewan Dafs, whofe head

faw him mortally wounded,

the flain was

away when they

fall

cut their

the lofs of two hundred and

Among

his friends carried

that they

into the hands of the

Mirza

enemy.

HulTein after having pofTefTed himfelf of the

fort,

wrote an

account of his vid:ory to the king, and was honoured with particular favours.

Tianfaaions
in the pro-

vince of
lava.

Ma-

^^^^

Mahummud Chan

*, a

man

of refolution, took up his

rcfidencc in Shadi-abad-mendu,' and carried on the

war with

gas Bahadur with fuch fuccefs, that he entirely poflefTed himfelf

of his dominions.

and put

all

He

took the ftrong fort of Bijanagur,

the garrifon to the fword,

rifque an affault.

as

they obliged

him

to

Bas Bahadur having taken protediion under

the governor of Brampoor on the borders of Chandez, he fome-

times by the aid of that Omrah,

territories
lity.

made

incurfions

into the

of Malava> and kept the country in a ftate of hofti-

Pier

Mahummud Chan

Brampoor, and having taken

it,

was obliged

to

march

againft

ordered a cruel malTacre of

all

? Governor of Malava.

the

THE HISTORY OF HINBOSTAN.

the

among whom was

inhabitants,

and learned men,

Before
prevailed

who

Mahummud

233

number of philofophers

^s^'^

relided in the place.

had

Bas Bahadur having The Mogul

left this place,

upon Miran Mubarick Shaw and

former prince of Candez, and the

latter

Tiffal

governor of

Chan, the MaLva

of Berar, to join him,

over.
^"'^

iain!^"

advanced with a great army towards the Mogul, upon which he

retreated to Bijanagur,

his

Omrahs being

all

refolved to halt at Bijanagur contrary to

However he

He

opinions, and to give battle to the enemy.

being fupported by his

mounted by
river

averfe to engage.

officers,

did

their

all

but not

it,

he was defeated, and being

dif-

camel that attacked his horfe in crolTing the rapid

The enemy

he was drowned.

Narbudda,

continuing

the purfuit, drove the Moguls from place to place,

as

far as

Agra, without being able to make one ftand before them

fo

Milava

lortto

the empire,

that Bas Bahadur in the year 969, recovered his whole domi-

nions of Malava.

The

king immediately after

this drfafter,

appointed Abdulla
^

Chan Ufbeck governor of

Bas Bahadur.
-country

Beg the

Seid
lor the

kmg

a fecond time out

Mindu, and

fon

of Periia, arrived

of his

fixed his refidence in that city.

Mufum Beg

of

re-

Abdulla Chan

the mountains of Comilmere.

poiTelTed himfelf of

M^'^^a
covered.

Calpee, to carry on the war againft

This Omrah drove him

among

much

SufFavi, abfolute agent A" cmbafly

about

1..

this

^'^^"^ Pcrlia.

time

at the

court

of Agra, in the charavSter of an ambaifador, with valuable prefents,

and received a prefent for himfelf of two lacks of rupees

from the king.

Chan Azim Atkah Chan had by

this

time acquired great

DtCigns of
^'^'"^

influence in his miniflerial office.

.

VOL.

II.

Adam Chan

envying his great-

againft the

prime

^^^^

nels.

niinifler

THE HISTORY OF

:i34

ly.

1561.
^ ^

nefs,

HI

NDO STAN.

attempted to bring about bis ruin,

be 'ore done that of

Byram Chan

fome

as

courtiers

but the intrigues of

had

Adam

were difcovered, and his cahimnies reverted upon his own head.
Stung with difappointed malice, he
lie bafjy af-

He

himfclf.

aflaflin

determined to a6t the

accordingly one day in the audience

j.ii.ina.<.. iiini.

^^^^

at laft

cham^

was reading the Koran, ftabbed him

\vhilc the minifter

under pretence that he took no notice of the falutation which-

Adam made him

fuch a time

was not cuftomary

it

Adam

ments.

though he well knew, that at

at his entrance,

to

make

or return any compli-

having committed

after-

this

murder,

horrid

afcended one of the terraces, and flood there in hopes of the

king's pardon,

Adnm
hf^,^

is

The
n,oife

king

that

though he might

who had

been afleep in the Haram, hearing the

was made on

this occafion,

changing his fleeping

He was

drefs,

went up

flruck with horror

to the terrace in a great-

when he faw

Having approached the murderer with

Vizier.

When-

afked the caufe.

him of what had happened, he arofe, and without

they informed

rage.

poflibly have efcaped,

the blood of his

a fwor-d in his

half oat, but reflecting upon his

own

hand, he, drew

it

he returned

again into the fcabbard, and fternly a/ked the

alfaffin.

Why

it

have you killed

my

that the king was going to kill

behaviour

him

fo enraged,

blow with

A kbar,

his iifl,

Vizier

,^

The

-dignity,

wretch, fearing-

him, feized his hands^

This

that difengaging himfelf, he ilruck

and Aretched him

In this rage he ordered one of

his.

fenfelefs at his feet.

attendaats to throw the.

wretch over the wall, which was forty guzes * in heighth.

Mahim

Anigah,

about a month

this unfortunate
after,

and

man's father^ died with grief

Monim Chan who

was an abettor of

the affaffination of the Vizier, fled to Lahore, where he was

fcized and fent to Agra.: but as the proofs againfl:
*

guzc

is

him were not

about a yard Englifh.,

fufficient.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

he

iufficicnt,

addrefs to

v/as acquitted

work himfelf

The king

conferred

^3

by the king, and had afterwards the A

D. 156?

Higer. 9;o

into favour.

the honours and eftates of his father

all

The Gicker
reduced.

Upon Mirza Aziz, the

of the deceafed Vizier, except-

eldeft fon

ing the offices of the Vizarit and Vakilit *. Sultan

Adam prince

of the Gickcrs, difturbing the peace of Punjab, the Omrahs of

were ordered

that country

Chan one of

to reduce

Kummal
mufnud. Kummal Chan

him, and place

the fame nation, upon the

had been once miraculoufly preferved from death.

Selim

Shaw

ordered a prilbn, wherein he was at Gualier, with fome hundreds of Gickers

who had

This was done, and

with gunpowder.

fome

without receiving any

diftance,

fame year

been taken prifoners, to be blown up

Kummal Chan by

Kummal was thrown to

confiderable hurt.
The

the aid of the

Omrahs marched

againft the Gickers, reduced that fierce nation, and took Sultan

Adam

prifoner.

ChajaMoin
this

the father of Shirrif ul Dein HufTein,

time from Turkeflan to Lahore

came about
he was there met by his

fon and brought to Agra, the king himfelf going out to congratulate him, as

he was of the

Dein Abdulla, one of the

race of Chaja Shakear nafir ul

greateft faints in Turkeftan.

Not long

Mirza Huflein either ftruck with mad- tbT^

or fome unknown apprehenfions, fled to Ajmere with all

after thefe tranfaftions,

nefs,

his forces.

This revolt occafioned great diflurbances in that

country, to quell which HufTein Kulli

Chan

phew of Byram Chfn, was nominated

Nagore,

The
firft

ul

Kuddir, the ne-

to the

government of

and ordered to proceed thither with a great force.

Mirza HufTein having received

the

Rebrllionof

intelligence of his

march,

Vizarit and Vakilit are often joined in the fame perfon, but the latter

office in the

is

left

reckoned

empire.

Ajmere

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

236
A. D.

1563.
Higer. 971.

Ajmcie

of one of his friends, and retreated to Jalore

in charge

Huflcin KulH Chan proceeded to

frontiers of Guzerat.

Aimcre, and pofTelTed himfelf of that place by capitulation.

AbulMali
joins Huffein.

Shaw Abul Mali, who had been

releafed

from

confinement

his

Mecca, hearing of the rebellion

^^^^^ promife of proceeding to

He

of Mirza Huffein on the way, returned and joined him.

marched by
noul,

Defeat" the

and there con^mitted

detached

Ahmed Beg

marched

in

They
the

fell

body of horfe towards Nar-

Huffein Kulli

hoftilities.

Chan

and Eufuph Beg againft him, while he

perfon againfl: Mirza Huffein.

ambuih

lay in

FiieitoCabul.

command with

his

which were

for the troops

Shaw Abdul Mali

him.

fent againft

into the fnare and were defeated with great flaughter,

two generals being

The king

flain in the aftion.

time taking the diverfion of hunting

at that

at

Muttra, received intelligence of the defeat of his troops, and

army

fent another

perial forces to Punjab,

Hakim, the
fifler in

dom,

and

raifed

which he by

him

im-

rebel fled before the

Mahummud

and from thence to Mirza

king's brother at Cabul.

marri3.ge,

for

The

againft Mali.

Hakim gave

to

Mali

his

to the firft office in that king-

that time paid little or

no homage

to

Akbar.,

Hi*

villainy.

The

Ungrateful refugee, however, had not been

in ftation, before
ailafTinate-d

he afpired

Mirza

ther-in-law,

to the

Mahummud

who was

might with truth be

faid to

kingdom of Cabul, and

Hakim's mother,

woman

many months-

of

uncommon

his

regent for

as

in his minority,

with a view

the;

young

to get

rid

prince,

of

could conciliate matters with the Omrahs.

him

own moand

abilities,

have ruled that kingdom.

pretended to adt

bafely

He

then

who was
as foon as

In the

ftill

he

mean time
Mirza

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

237

MIrza Soliman, prince of Buduchflian, came againft him, and

cutoff the opening flower of his ambition, by depriving him of

Mirza Sherrif ul dein Huffein having heard of the

his life,

of Shaw Abul Mali,

fled to

Ahmedabad,

^jj^;
death,

retieat

in Guzerat.
*

about this time, made a progrefs towards Delhi.

The kin?,

Ashe was pafling by the college of Mahim Annigah, a flave of

the rebel Mirza Huffein, by name Kuttlick Fowlad, who had
been fent to aflaflinate the king, fixed an arrow in his bow and
The royal retinue, imagining that
pointed it towards the Iky.
^

An

at'empt

againll i\m

kmg's

iiie.--

the villain was going to (hoot at feme bird flying overhead, gazed

upward
at

fome diftance upon

lodged

who was

he immediately lowered his aim to the king,

itfelf

and

his elephant,

fome inches deep

let fly his

arrow, which

in Akbar's fhoulder. In a

moment

a thoufand fvvords were drawn, and the people cut one another,

each anxious to

The

pieces.

kill

the

aflfaflin,

who was

in a

moment hewn

to-

furgeons being called, the arrow was, with great

difiicuity, extradled

not {hrinking once

on the place, before

at

the operation

was clofed up, Akbar returned

all

the people

the king

in about ten days the

to Agra,

wound

and foon after appointed

Afaph Chan Herdi Suba of Kurrah and Maneckpoor.

The

king did not

reft

many, days

Narvar to hunt elephants.

He

at

Agra, before he

fet

out for TKo

"^"^

had ordered Abdulla Chan

Ufbeck, governor of Malava, to fend his trained elephants to

fift

in this

amufement, which he neglefted

was very much enraged

ooveronr

at his difobedience,

voks

af-

The kfng
and made a fudd'en.
to do.

incurflon into Malava, though the periodical rains were at their

heighth.

Mahummud

Cafin

Chan

Neifliapuri,'

Saringpoor, joined the king by the w?.y.

reached Ugein, Abdulla Chan, with

fled to

Guzerat

the king purfued

all

governor of

When Akbar

had

his forces and treafure,

him about twenty-five

crores,

with'

be

fl

es

to

THE HISTORY OK H IN DO STAN.

238
A. D. 1S63.

-^vith a

fmall body of cavalry

the rebel ftood his ground, and

fought with fuch fucccfs, that Akbar thought proper to return

fjom the purfuit

The

kin^ of

v^l'^Lc^n^
'

AklAr

to

Mindu, where he furvcyed the buildings

creded there by the princes of the race of Chillige.

"^^^har

remained

in

that

Mira Mubarick Shaw, king of

city,

Chandez paid him homage, and gave him

JShirra

The

his daughter in

mar-

king conferred the government of Malava upon

Tiie

riage.

While

Bahadur, and returned towards his

capital.

king, upon the way, near the village of Sipiri,

with a great herd of wild elephants.

He

in

fell

ordered his cavalry to

furround them, and he drove them, with great difficulty, into a

kedda or fold confhrudted for that purpofe

one of the male ele-

phants, of a prodigious fize, finding himfelf confined, ftrode over

down
way into

the ditch, bore

the wall and the pallifadoes before him,

and made his

the plain.

fent after

him

he flood

Three trained elephants were

to fight,

and before they could overcome

and take him, he afforded very great diverfion

to the

king

who

was remarkably fond of the boifterous contention of thofe enor-

mous
Tranfaaions
*"

animals.

In the year 972, Chaja

Moazim,

the brother of Chuli

Begum,

and hufband to the king's aunt, for fome impropriety of behaviour,

was thrown into

prifon,

where he

died.

The fame

year,

the old fort of Agra, which was built of brick, was demolifhed,

and the foundation of the new one of red freeftone

though a great and magnificent work, was

laid

finifhed

in

and
four

years.

The Ufbeck

By

Omrahi rebel.
j,gpQj.j.

diflike

the intrigues of Abdulla Chan,

propagated,
to all the

that the king,

Ufbeck

race,

on

the Ufbeck, there was a

his account,

had taken

and propofcd to confine

all

the

Omrahs

THE HISTORY OF HIND OS TAN.

Omrahs of
gained

lb

that nation who'

much

This calumny

in his fervice.

A.JD. 1564.
Higer. 97a.

that Secunder Chan,

credit,

Ufbeck, and others,

were

239

who had governments

Ibrahim Chan

about Jionpoor and

Behar, turned their heads from obedience, and drew over Chan

Ziman, Bahadur Chan, and Shubiani Chan to their party

Afaph Chan Hirrevi, who held the government of Rurrah, on
account of fome difputes with the collector of the king's revenues;

took part in their rebellion.

In a fhort time, their army con-

of thirty thoufand horfe, with which they pofTefled them-

fiiled

felves

of

News
to take

all

the territories aear Behar and Jionpoor.

of this rebellion being brought to the king, he feemed The

no notice of

it.

He

ordered his troops to attend

policy of=

him on

a hunting party towards Narvar, in the oppofite dirediion to the

enemy.
fbr

He

fome days

accordingly employed himfelf in taking elephants

-

during which time, Afherif Chan, a fcribe, was

fent privately to Secunder

from

Lallikar

his fadlion.

body of horfe

Chan,

to

endeavor to bring him over

Chan BukOii, was

to feize the treafures of

fent with a great

Afaph Chan, upon

whom

the king had a large demand, which was the fole caufe of that-

Qmrah's rebellion.

It
five

feems, that

when Afaph Chan was made an Omrah of A

thoufand, and

obtained the government of Kurrah and

Maneckpoor, he obtained permiffion of the king

to

fubdue

country called Gurrah or Kattuck, lying between the provincesof Rintimpore, Malava, Behar and the Decan.

At

that time, the

kingdom of Gurrah * was governed by a queen, whofe name

was Durgautti, famous for her beauty and accomplifhments

her doaiinions were about one hundred and

Now part qf Orifla

fifty crores in

length.

and Bundel-cund.

and

diortfnoa

ATIph'chfn's
^^fecrof

THE HISTORY OF HINOOSfA^.

2.\o

about

fjj^: 'l^^'

fifty in

breadth

yet fo flourilliing was the cohnirjri^

that in this iinall trad", there

were about feventy thoufand towns

and

which had the good fortune never'

villages well inhabited;

to have fallen under the

dominion of foreigners.

riches of this country, dif*

Afaph Chan, having heard of the

turbed the peaceable inhabitants, unaccuftomed to the found of

war, with conftant depredations

he

at

length marched againfl

thoufand horfe, and about double that number of

them with

fix

infantry.

The

queen, with fifteen hundred elephants, eight

thoufand horfe and fome foot, prepared to oppofe him.

Like a

bold Heroine fhc led on her troops to aftion, cloathed in armour,

with

helmet upon her head, mounted in a

hovi^dar,

on an ele-

bow and quiver lying by her fide, and a burnifhed

Though her troops had not been- accuflomed
her hand.

phant, with her

lance in

to adtion, the love of liberty,

and the example of their queen,

Their eagernefs to

infpired every breaft with a lion's courage.

made them march in diforder towards the enemy, which

the queen obferving, commanded them to halt, and forming
her line anew, gave her troops ftri(5l orders to march on

engage,

ilowly, as compa6t as poflible, and to obferve the fignal to engage,

when

it

fliould be difplayed

from the elephant of the royal

ilandard.

whom

fhe quickly re-

hundred

Mahommedan

In this manner fhe received the enemy,

pulfed, and prefUng

upon

horfemen dead on the

with great flaughtcr.

then^, laid fix

field

fhe purfued the reft

When

that they

the evening,

night came on, the queen halted

with her army, and gave them orders

ijblves,

till

might be prepared

and refrefh them-

to wafli

for a night attack

upon the

-enemy, before they could recover from their conflernation. But

her

vizier,
3

and the

refl

of her chiefs,

lefs

daring, and confe-

quently

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

quently
fure,

lefs

and

prudent than this heroine, oppofed this falutary mea-

feditioufly infifted

after the dead

medan camp

She, accordingly, returned unwillingly

and,

were burnt, again addreffed her chiefs, and

foli-

cited them, one

:

none of them, however, had the

They

enemy would of

The Omrahs

their

own accord

fpirit to

fecond

vainly imagined, that the

evacuate the country.

of Gurrah, foon found that they were fatally

Afaph Chan,

fruftrated in their hope-s.

to

wipe away the

grace which he fuftained the day before, and finding what

with

1^564.

Mahom-

to ftorm the

by one, to accompany her

her in this daring enterprize.

A. D^

to the field of battle to

on returning

bury their friends.

he had

24!

to deal with,

his artillery

dif-

enemy

advanced in the morning towards the queen,

which, in the preceding aftion, he had

left

behind him, on account of the badnefs of the roads. The queen,

upon Afaph's approach, advanced

to oppofe him.

The Mogul,

foon opened to himfelf a

way

to a

narrow

fcouring the pafs with his artillery,

into the plain

beyond

queen's army were drawn up in order of battle.

into the plain,

made

He

and exhibited prodigies of valour.

it,

as

lofs

mother,

of blood.

When he was juft

who was mounted on

repulfed

falling

fome of her people

them

)f fo

him back

to carry

enemy

became

faint

his horfe, his

She immediately called

to the rear

many of

accordingly crowded around him, fome with a friendly in-

tention to ferve him, but

field.

from

the

an elephant in the front of the

battle, obferved her fon ready to expire.

to

foon as the

arefolute charge,

twice, but in the third attack, being wounded, he

with

where the

Raja Bier Shaw,

the queen's fon, a young prince of great hopes,

Mahommedan army came

and prepared

pafs,

The lofs
many with

more

of the Raja, in

L.

II.

have an opportunity to quit the

fliort,

together with the retreat

his body, ftruck a pannic into the reft,

the unfortunate queen was

Vo

to

left

fo that

with only three hundred men in

I

the

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

A. D. 1564.
ILigcr. 972,

The

in the field.

by her defperate
fortitude,

till

to extricate

it

broke

fleel

heroine, however,

fitiuition

feemed no ways affcded

flood her ground with her former

flie

fhe received an arrow in her eye

from the wound, but

fliort,

as fhe

tugged

and remained behind.

began

nod from

to

part of the

mean

(lie alfo

fwam

but nature fmking under the pain, a dimnefs

eyes, and (he

it,

In the

another arrow palled through her neck, which

endeavoured

flie

time^

drew

out,

before her

of the howdar

fide to fide

She, however, recovered from her fainting by degrees

and a

name Adhar, who drove her

numbers of the enemy whitherfoever he

brave officer of her houfliold, by

elephant, fingly repulfed

turned the outragious animal

now

begged permiflion,

irretrievable, to carry the

queen from the

jected the propofal with a noble difdain

we

overcome in war, but

are

honor

I lifted

Hafle,

It is true,

we

No

faid flie,

ever be vanquiflied

which we have been

your gratitude

let

now

up your head, and which

I fay

a period to

Adhar

let

your dagger fave

life,

lofe

fo felicitous to ac-

repay that fervice for which

now

require at your hands,

me from

the crime of putting

my own exiflence."

burft into tears, and begged, that as the elephant v/as

fwift of foot,

he might be permitted to leave the

field,

and carry

In the mean time, the queen, finding

her to a place of fafety.

that the

day was

She re-

field.

Shall we, for the fake of a lingering ignominious

that reputation and virtue

quire

fhall

as the

enemy crowded

fafl:

around her, and that fhe mufl be

taken prifoner, fhe, fuddenly leaning forward, feized the dagger

of Adhar, and plunging

the

queen,

Hindoo

it

rendered Afaph

chiefs,

upon

The

into her bofom, expired.

Chan's

their elephants,

vidlory

flill

wooden tower on the back of

death of

compleat.

flood firm

Six:

and afliamed

the elephant*

of

T rffi HISTORY OF HINDOStAN.

of being outdone by a woman, dedicated their

lives to

4$'

revenge the

^^564^^.^^^-^

death of the queen.

Afaph Chan, a few days

where

the treafures of this noble family had been for ten ge-

all

The

nerations depofited.

defperate
tion,

hopes of gain rendered the Moguls

they began to attack the fort with

the place

till

ing what

after this battle, laid fiege to Joragur,

little

The young

was taken.

flrength he had

refolu-

Raja, bravely exert-

left, loft his life in

The

independence and kingdom.

uncommon

defence of his

unfortunate garrifon, accord-

This

ing to their barbarous cuflom, had performed thejoar*.

dreadful ceremony was performed after this

was

filled

with wood, ftraw and

forced in, and

querors,

oil

who had brought

the bloody con-

this dreadful calamity

upon the mifer-

and untouched by the flames

two women

flill

alive,

one of them was called Camela-

of the deceafed queen, and the other the daughter

willi, the fifter

of the Raja of Biragur,

who had been brought

the young Raja of Gurrah.

filver,

houfe

When

able Hindoos, entered the place, they found

Afaph Chan,

the unfortunate vidlims were

the horrid pile.

fire fet to

manner

for the king.

Thefe two

The

ladies

riches

to be efpoufed

by

were referved by

of Joragur, in gold,

jewels and precious effedts were invaluable

of gold alone,

there were found, in one treafury, one hundred and one chefls

of mhers.

When

Afaph Chan had glutted

ambition with the blood and treafure of

able family, he took

was

up

his

this brave,

avarice

though peace-

his refidence in that country.

to maintain his conqueft agaift the king;

and

His view

and he, therefore,

4id not return to his government of Kurrah. That avarice, which

prompted him

to this public robbery, prevented

fenting the king with his part of the plunder.

The joar,

is

a general maffacre

'I

him from

pre-

Out of a thoufand

of the v/omen and children.

elephants.

THp
\pi\<^i>t.

elq?/aniUts,,

^ai)d',

wh^ch

Jt^^^

Q$S{K^

ha^

|ie

though

.i^^ken,/

fliould fall to thfe

all

king, he lent hinj omly two hundred of the worft,

no part of the jewels; and

fejit

this -jail

OF HINDOSTAN.

JllSTjOJlY

treafure.

It

was therefore

demand which the king had upon Afaph,

that ambitious

Omrah

that

made

join in rebellion with the dlfaffefted

Ufbecks.

The

king
marches
againii

^.1X12

Afaph

Chan

and

march

againfl Afaph, he determined to

in perfon

into Gurrah.

^Idiy'mg therefore left Narvar,

fick

havln? found that Laflikar Chan could effed nothing-

re

turns.

he continued

Akbar being

towards Gurrah.

feized with;.a fever

of the heat, which in that fandy

to Agra, difpatching

His generals
defeated.

The king

apprized of this

When

The king
a^gainftLuck-

horfe,

excefliyp,

in perfon

fent

on account
he returned

all

laft

taken prifon}er>

Menim Chan Chanan

in front,

with

and

in the

month of

the forces that he could

the king had arrived at Kinnoge, he felecfked a body of

and made an excurfion toward Lucknow, to furprize e-

cunder Chan,

who was

in that place

but Secunder Chan being

informed of his approach evacuated Lucknow, and

Chan Ziman, with whom he

Afaph Chan
"
;

idays

againft Secunder Chai^j,

and the tWQ

difafter,

fome

Sijaw Biddai ChSOs

Sellaori,

Omrahs,

with an army fome days journey

Shawal 973, followed

was

foil

Shahim Chan

Mahummud Amin, and other

by whom they were defeated,

his rout. for

crofTed the Ganges.

fled

to

The king

proceeding to Jionpoor, Afaph Chan fued for pardon, and by

the mediation of

Mudgenu Chan, w^s

and again reftored

to favor,

upon

ing the plunder of Gurrah.

A, few days after Afaph

chofen horfe,
,

againfl. the

admitted to the prcfence,

fettli^ig his

accounts concern-

..^tf'-

Chan was detached with

enemy.

He came

live

thoufand

to the ferry of

Nirhin,

HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

TFIE

was oppofed

hin, arid

in crofling the river, but inftead

ing any difpofitions to gain the pafTage, he

fat

245

of mak-

down and

y^^S*

^'.^^

pafTed His

mifbeha-

the time in riot and foolifh negociations, for which he had no

The

authority.

king' being informed of Afaph's

ftripped himi iof his Jagier.

Afaph with

Chan,

and

relinquiflied his troops,

fet

negligence,

brother

his

Vizier

and flight to
Gurrah.

out with great expedition

Gurrah.

to

The

'

king fent Chan Chanan to take charge of the army which

Afaph had forfaken

Motions of

and the rebels in the mean time under

ibnt^jr?

Secunder Chan and Bahadur Chan crofled the Jumna, and raifed
diflurbances in the provinces between the rivers,

Ziman oppofed

while Chan

The king

the Imperial army at the Ganges.

Shaw Biddaw Chan

and other Omrahs^ under the command of Meer Moaz ul Mubut in the mean
kick, to flop the progrefs of Bahadur Chan
time Chan Ziman repenting of his difloyalty, fent a number of
elephants and other prefents to the king, and Monim Chan
being informed of thefe motions, detached

interceeding for his pardon,

receive

crimes.

him

into favor,

He

the king was prevailed

Chan Zimat*
"

upon to

and draw the pen of oblivion over his

confirmed him in

all

his eflates

and honors, whiclv

he had forfeited by his rebellion.

Meer Moaz

ul

Muluck having come up with Secunder Chan

and Bahadur Chan, was upon the point

he received a
his

letter

or

from Bahadur Chan, acquainting

brother Chan Ziman, had

fent his

mother with prefents

to

the king to intercede for pardon, and therefore that he would

be

avoid extremities,

gliid to

that negociation.

Meer Moaz

thing of this matter, thinking

time or

lull

him

he heard the confequence of

till

ul
it

to fecurity, paid

Muluck, who had heard no-

to be a political fetch to gain

no regard to

it,

rmperial

army under

when
him that

engaging tnem,

The

..i,^,

but drew out

in

Moaz uIMuthrown by the

^^^^'^

THE HISTORY OP HINDOSTAN.

XJ^
A. D. 565.
lligsr.

5ecunder Chan -Wfib commanded the

of battle.

optier

i'^^^

973/

of the rebel army, 'made the

beft difpofition the time

would

permit to receive him, but was obliged to retreat with great

towards the body of the army, which by

The

by Bahadur Chan.

Imperialifts,

this

lofs

time was formed

who from

the flight of

Secunder Chan, concluded the vid:ory already their own, purfuing in an irregular manner, were received fo

warmly by Ba-

hadur Chan, that they were repulfed in turn, and would never

more

face to the purfu'ers, fo that the rebels gained a

flievv their

compleat victory and great

with the fcattered remains of

Chan

Akbar

Zinian,

Ziman, went

of'Jhi^de'feat'

^gain rebels,

mean time

in tlic

to take a

army

his

as

to

ul

Muluck

fled

Kinnoge.

peace was concluded with Chan

view of the

When

Benaris,

jj^g ^.^y

Meer Moaz

fpoil.

fortifications

of Chinar and'

the news of the late defeat of

Imperialifts arrived in the royal

tlie

camp, Chan Ziman, though

fo

" lately pardoned, being deflitute of every principle of

gratitude,
loyalty and honor,

again deferted and took poffeffion of Ghazi-

poor and the adjacent

territories..

nefs, flew into a violent paflion

The

king enraged

with Chan Chanan, by whofe

mediation he had pardoned Ziman.

He

2^iman's mother to be confined, and with

The rebels

towards the

takejionpoor,

g^j^^^j^j.

traitor,

Qh^n

who upon

at this bafe-

immediately ordered

all

expedition marched

his approach fled to the hills,

taking advantage of the king's abfence from Jion-

poor, entered that place, and took the citadel by efcalade,

^e

releafed his mother,

nor, with

which

is

rc-

taken by the

all

The king
puj-fuit

and confined Aflierif Chan the gover-

the principle perfons in the ^arrifon.

hearing of the taking of Jionpoor, gave over the

of Chan Ziman, and returning towards that

out orders to

where

all

all their forces.

city,

the viceroys of the provinces to join

Upon Akbar's

approach, Bahadur

iflued

him with
Chan

eva^

cuate4

HISTORY OF HIND OS TAN.

Til Er

Chan Ziman now

caated Jionpoor and fled towards Benarls.

.

feeing fuch preparations againft him, in

247

the provinces

all

which

jemained firm in their allegiance, began again to defpair of fuc-

and had the confidence

cefs,

for pardon,
juflifiable

which by

a(ft

to addrefs the

ordered

^j^^^

ziman

l^^^^^^^^^^'

king a fecond time

a ftrange perverfion of policy^ and an un-

of clemehcy, or rather weaknefs in the king, he

obtained, as well as a confirmation of

The king

^- D- '$66.
Higer. 974.

after pafling

Ziman

to

come

word

royal

his

to court

all

and honors.

his eflates

for all

thefe favours,

but the traitor excufed him-

by pretending that fliame for his paft offences would not

felf,^

permit

him

to appear in the prefencc,

behaviour from his majefty's mind

till

time flaould erafe his

that as foon as the king

fhould return to Agra, both he and his brother Bahadur Chan,

would accept the honor which the

to confer

royal benevolence intended

upon them.

It furprizes,

it

even difgufls the friends of the

1/1 111
he fliould admit

renowned Akbar,

to find that

of a

to the oath

truft

man

mind of Akbar, could not

to his

own

fnake to colled:

frefli

was a ftranger
this

already perjured

memory of
1

the The

'

king's
weaknefs.

of this excuie, or
:

but the iincere

fufpec!^ in others that bafenefs

which

He returned to Agra, and left

poifon.
When Akbar had arrived at
foul.

Agra, he fent Mendi CafTim Chan with four thoufand horfe, to

drive

Afaph Chan out of

government of Gurrah, which he

his

had ufurped.

Chan Ziman,

as

might have been

Treafon

nity to ftrengthen his party.

within his

foul,

Ziman

in the

left

mean time

the king at Agra, during

^

ftill

fermented in fecret

and he invited Afaph Chan to join him. Afaph

accepted of the propofal, and

Chan.

forfeen, took this opportu-

fix

Gurrah

in poiTefHon of CafTim

forgetting his oath to wait on

months maintained himfelf

in a

princely

Chan Zlmaw

THE HISTORY OF HINDO^rAN.

248

prixicely iiidependance over all

^j-.^-

Chan who had by

ajid

treated

the eaftern provinces.

with contempt,

mean time

adlion,

fled

Kurrah

to

his original Jagier,'

his brother Vizier

querors, and refciied Afaph

coui;itryoob3i3^ dii

cmbafly

:k4;wg!flaa
-'^''^

Chan out of

upon Kurrah, and

thers then fell

A*

who

Chan,

the troops, and returning,

rallied

'

time joined him, finding himfelf negleded

this

was purlued by Bahadur Chan, defeated and tiken

the

Afapfi

In

prifoner.

efca|)ed in

the^,

furprized the con-

their hands.

The

bro-

poffelTed thcmfelves of that

^ -^o-'^

-4"-

-^^

baHoiem t

r* -.offfij oj

An ambaflador about this time arrived from Mirza Mahunimud Hakim the king's brother, who governed Cabul, acquaint-^
^^^^

^^^^^^

Mirza Soliman of 3uduchfhan,

defeated and killed

Chutba of Cabul

Shaw Abdul Mali, continued

in his

own name j

that he

Sultan to adt in that city in his behalf,

him from

to expel

ever fmce he had

that office

read the!

had appointed Mirza

which had obliged Hakim

which

for

to,

affront

Mirza

Soli-

mari was again preparing to invade Cabul: he therefore earneflly

entreated Akbar's aid to oppofe hini.

The

king

if.

The

fus orders to

aid his bro-

thern

king

fearing;

more from the encroachments of

his nor-r

than from the foft fons of the eaftern

enemies,

thcr at Cabnl.

pro-

vinces, immediately ordered the

hummud
Hakim,

Kulli

Omrahs of Punjab, and Ma-r

Chan of Moultan,

to affiil

as foon as ever they fhould

attempts upon Cabul.

Mirza

Mahummud

be certain of the enemies

who was

Feredoon Chan Cabuli

one of

the king's Omrahs, was alfo fent from the prefenee with what
troops he retained in pay to fu ceo ur

Hakim

but before the

royal orders arrived either at Punjab or Moultan, and confe-

quently long before any

Soliman had invefled that

evacuated

it

in a

fuceours could reach

city.

Mirza

few days and retreated

Cabul, Mirza

Mahummud Hakim

to the Nilab, \yhere

he

T,HE HIST0R_Y^OF, HI.NJDOSTAN.

met Feredoon Chan coming to his

249

This treache-

affiftance.

A. D. 1566.

Omrah, propofed to Halcim to lieze upon tahore, afluring

him that Akbar was in no condifloh to oppofe him, being inrous

volved in a war with the Ufbeck

Omrahs

that after he fhould

be poffefled of that rich and powerful province, he would

little difficulty in

Mirza

Mahummud Hakim

infenfible

of the bafenefs of

ungratefully began to take meafures to put

projeft,
tion,

driving Mirza Soliraan out of Cabul.

it

find'

'^'^

this

in execu-

Hakim's deL^aho"e!'^

and marched to Lahore in cojijunclion with Feredoon Chan.

Hakim's defign upon Lahore being noifed abroad, the Omrahs

of Punjab,

Mahummud
prepared

kim

Chan, threw

ul

dein

Annigah, and Pier

into the city, and

their forces

all

vigorous

for

down

fat

Cuttub

particularly

defence.

Mirza

Mahummud Ha-

before the place, and ufed every art and

Omrahs

fuafion to bring over thofe

to his interefl, but

Befiegssthat

per'i'*

without

cffedt,
.

The

king enraged

as

well as alarmed at this rebellion, laid The

his

mtended expedition

arms towards Lahore.

n
1
TT/!
againft the Ufbecks,

afide his

mm

He

and turned

king
marches lowardsLahore*

began his march towards that

on the 14th of Jimmad ul Awil 974, leaving Agra under

the government of Monim Chan Chanan. Akbar having arrived
city

at Sirhind,

the

neve's

of his approach reached Lahore.

The

citizens immediately began to beat their drums, to found their

make every demonftration of joy. This unufual

waked Mirza Hakim, who was afleep in his tent: heafked

trumpets, and to
noife

the meaning of that uproar, and was told that the king was
expeditioufly

from Agra.

king was already

j8.nd

Mirza Hakim believing that the Hakim

at his heels,

mounted

his horfe

without delay,

retreated precipitately with his cavalry towards

VjOL.

n.

^^"^^^^

come

Cabul he
h^^^ru hnd nx/^ame
>i

ill

ft h^^fivon'-''

re-

predpiution.

came very opportunely to that

Mirza Soliman having retired to

fr^r'^^^^

Akbar

^^^^

^'"S

arrives

at Lahore.

mean time

fpent a few days in hunting

city

an4 took

it

by

furprize,

BuducjiOian^ciui-ing the winter.

J
adv^aiice

where he

^to Calibre,

he then Tent1)ack IVIudginu Chan,

himfelf of Kurrah and Manneckpoor^ which Afaph

^to pofTefs

Chan had

fcized.

Much

about this time

This infurreflion

Sultan governor of Simbol, rofe in rebelh'on.

was crulhed
territories,

in the

of Mirza

the^'i^ons

bud by the other Jagierdars of the adjacent

w^ho diifdated the yomig rebels aiid drove them to-

'wards Malava.

country without

however

themfelves

of that

'l^hey

'

much

oppofition, there being at that time no

poffeffed

imperial forces in that province. "Mirza Sultan

upon account

of the rebellion of his fons, was feized and inlpHfoned in Biana,

where he foon

The

after died:'^

bagifiilo

The Ufbeck Omrahs improved

king

-iBdAA ,i^bio

ni

the king's abfence to their

advantage, and extended their conquefts on

gamft the'ufbeck Omrahs.

mjqmoo

all fides.

This

obliged the king to return to Agra,' before which city he ordered

all

his forces

weeks ready

from the provinces

to rendezvous.

He w^s

at that

few

with two thou-

to take the field againft the rebels,

fand elephants and above a hundred thoufand horfei

man

in a

"Chan Zr-

time befieging Eufoph Chan in the Tort of Shrerigur,

hearing of the king's approach, retreated to Kuntih, inV^hich

'

^"place

Bahadur Chan had inverted Mudgenu Chan.

clofely purfucd

Ziman, but when he had reached

The king

Raibarrili, fte

heard that the rebel was crofiing the Ganges, with an intention

Tti:.e king/
Jwims
theTczZfs
Ganges

oa

his ele-

to

march

to

make an

The
*

to

Malava, and join the fons of Mahummud

alliance

with the king of the Decan.

Sultan;'

dr

'yp. ."^pdj

king hafiened his march and arnvea'at the ferry or Man-

neckpoor in the evening.

No boats

could

fee

procured, and- Akhkr,

"

impatient

"HI-StaR^^F HINOasf AN.

Tit E

impatient to engage the rebels, ^mounted hi

'

elephariit,

''"9v

trary to the^ advice of

Omrahs, took the

his

all

and con

river

which was

then very deep, and had the good fortune to pafs over in fafety

one hundred horfe'-plunged into the ftream and fwam

j^\vith his

joined

after the
,

phant.accom-

^00^^07^*^
^^'''^^V'

'

moi^ng came before the enemies camp

hundred horfe, and Mudgenu Chan and Afaph Chan

Akbar

king^.

^'^6'.

A-

Higer. 974.

in the

him immediately with

.jjj'I'flie'enemy

the earrifon of Kurrah.

all

not fufpeding that the king would attempt ^o crpfs

11/had fpent

y^p nver without bi^

arrp^,.

the night

r nfelt] vity,

i^e comes be'^Ofe

and

when they heard the royal

march.
They at length
in the

the rebel

army,

could hardly believe their fenfes,

.

-drums

beatin'^'

the imperial

^t^oft eonfufion began to form their

line,

but before they were

in compleat order,

Akbar charged them with

Baba Chan Cafhkal

at the

trated through the

great violence

head of the king's light fcouts, pene-

camp of

the rebels as far as the tents of

repulfed by Bahadur Chan,

2iman, where he was

Charges
them,

Chan

and driven

back with precipitation among, the king's ranks, which ^occaiioned fome diforder

among

the

files

of

Mudgenu Chan. Bahadur

mean time turned towards the center, where the

king commanded in perfon Akbar obferving him, came down

Chan

in the

from

his elephant,

but by
lie

this

and mounting a horfe, prelTed towards hini

time an arrow having killed^Bahadur Chan's horfe,

was obliged

to retreat

king immediately

on

among

foot,

commanded

his

his

own

troops.

The

few elephants to advance:

ihofe animals engaging furio_ully with thofe of the enemy, killed

fome of them upon the

their

own

Chan Ziman
was obliged

..f.

encourae-Insr his
till

to quit

ba^k the

An^^ drove

ranks.

,with great bravery,

iie

f||ot,,

men,

4,-

ftill

k 2

he'

among

continued the action The rebel? ta-

his horfe having received

him, and while

reft

two wounds,

was mounting another,

-

he

xb%own.
^

'\,,

!^

THE HISTORY OF

25t
A. D. ij66.
g''-

974-

he was trodden to death by an elephant.

.^^^ confufton

DO STAN.

HI N

The

now

rebels

fell

dillraded for want of orders, they turned thek*

Bahadur Chan was taken prHoner, and carried

before the kin^ ; What evil had I done to you, faid Akbao thiis

face to flight.

provoke

to

fword of

yoii'to dravV the

tjrdered that particular

fome of the Omrahs,

as

Jcai-e

treafb*!!

He

againfl tiie?^

fhould be takeri' of Bahadur

foon as the king's back was

iDut

tijrniQd,.fpar-

ing that his clemency would pardon that confummate rebel,

-^ir .a
2^9

i'.

-""S'^^^

prevented

though

it

it is

by putting him immediately

highly probable that

to the Avord.

A^^h-xr,

.,

fxp^-gU'cn

i;ie^>yo|.i^l^

Ba-

hadur, made no inquiries concerning his death..

the brothers were

fent, to

The heads of
Jan AlU Beg Uf-

Punjab and CabuL

beck. Ear J^lli, Mir^a Beg, CUuhal Bpg,.

l>ummud Buduchlf, were

ai;id,

JVIier ^haii^^ jVfej-

alfo taken, prifoner^j anci .cqjri^d^

the king to Jionpoor, where they were trodden to death by

phants. This decifive adion happened upon the

firft

974, and is an inilance of the daring intrepidity of

The

king

provim:'and
A-gri"-^'
"

The government

fet-

and foon

m^^^^pf.

^di Ml

i-ioi

^blxnid

inoiliVQ't-:

b^'i'tisi

^gfiiv.

bnr.

bud'jii

i...

'^Oiifq

'

:n3i3flib "i^bniV
vi&LlasR

oA rnadllo anl)

jl-

''>

..u,:.j^oi-.

adj 03
r

owJ

'

.^^

'

nuidw

iiiuti

Lt^j

.aoilq 3fdff)[33i3Bni aB oi yiin

jiiow oJ ai3i)nojq LiifituodJ

provii>qe.So reftored.>

Mm^i^^s^.^'^k^R^

bafltavni \(l3lfiib5mnii gniiii oilT

qu

renowned

who was befieged in the fort of

The ^rebellion of the Uibec.ks being

the king^ h^ 1,^

d>iv-'

the.

of Kurrah was conferred, upon Chan.Ghanart,

JP^' aed.to Gorrickpoor.

thus quafhed, and the peace of the eaftern

'T:id

of ^ihidge,

Secunder Chan,

after

^fiS^*i<y

pje.-

tvii

i.-i.

i6l ba^ ^noiui J

'

/qqi. aonxyii'i3 hcin ^^^do^^li

b.; .^.v bris

^t^h^iiBd

owj bat^iqmoo

.ao in m3di smiai oi baiuovgbns

off .arro^fiff/

OF HINDOS'TAM:

"If^rBTORY

KHE:

Hal v/on zhdsi sflT

.:ifixflqdl3 fi

\d

253

nabboiJ aew sd

rfj^ah oJ

.^Sjt .a .A

^|ie JJi(t9^ of tf^^^^^iga Qf.i^^cBAR, from the Yeair^yj,

Kingdoin pf ^Q^ze^at

ludto i?i.e({tCftal:,Rdt]dion:j^^^

- xtiiii

in 981:,

,UR{NG

rebeliion of the

tlie

Ufbeck Omrahs,

Sragh' had takeii great advantage 6f

'^'hrs'

R ana Udai

;;

^s^z*
Higer. 975.

king's' diflrefs.

Akbar mar-

detei-mined Akba'r, without remaining long at Agra, td

^^"3^!^^"'*

march

The

him.

againft
-

th'e

kino; havino; arrived before the fort'bf ^"^ reduces

Malava.

Suifoab, the governor evacuated the place and retreated to his

Raja- df iRiiitimpore.

m'after Surjun

Suifoob, and proceedtd'

of Malava.
-

The

were greatly

^irza
tation'

left a garrifon

"iti

the fort of Kakeran, on the frontiers

'to

Mahummud

fons of Sultan

poflelTed thcmfelves of

Akbar

Mirza,

who had

Mindu, hearing of the emperor's progrefs,

I'o compleat their misfortunes, Aligh

diftreffed.

died at that time, and his adherents fled with precipi-

*0 JlOi at! 3 Hi .OOgJiiQd

^^'^c'gr^^iift^

.n-^-^r^^vo.:

towards Gttzeiai;^^-^'
pa.-

hie ^a^aiwiq

Mm^'4Mc^'\c ch^ri&'w^h^"^

TheicSrS'
"^'^^

:^iimed"

Shaw

Nelh'apuri,'

and marched fronl Kakerl^iY to expel

The Rana

the R'ana from Chiton

left

eight thoufand difciplined

Rajaputs, with a great flore of provifions in the fort of Chitor,

which

is

built

on

mountain, and retired hinifelf with his

family to an inaccellible place.

The king immediately

Chitor, and fet five thoufand pioneers to

work

in

baftions,

batteries,

he endevoured

throwing up

When

trenches, and carrying on approaches to the place.

completed two

inverted

he had

and earned two mines under different

to foirng

them

at

once

but one of them An

"*
_

going off before the

otlier,

accident

in c u

blew np one of the baftions and made

a practicable

the

ryingoD

THE HISTORY OF H N D O S T A N.

?54

"

fiigc!"

J-

^ Fa<3^^^2i^^e: ^eac|l^t.v^:TwP^t^i9^rfftn^;,^ll9ft^^Kl^9

advanced immediately, upon a fuppofition that both of

to ftorm,

They

the mines had been fprung.

A

i.

ne^r

fpiui>g,

above

-jba^ion, jj^rqejivedr,

live

mipij^;^%5l pot ,beea

thatj^j:)^^^.

.bjipvv

who were crouded on

were

fifteen

thofe

who were

OQirahs of

the baft^pj).

diftiniSlipn.

entering

The.pcplofion

the. breaf^h^n^fei^
'
'

iruqs,[i^S{

day ftanding in pnejofv

latte;^

fo terrifie(^^

^9yj^Sff%\9^ f^iA?.

G>n by- tjie

j:he batteri.es,

breaches, and giving orders for the defen.Qe

ately called for a fuzee,

and took

ball in Jeimal's brains,

^j,Tjr^^T

i\

the

bn\ijodiJ:'-

^nothcr minp was immediately carrjed

as he, w.as,one

Among

king, but

he perceived

Jeimal the governor of the place, very afliduous in fiUing up the

hand'''*

-^31

up, and killed

hundred of the Moguls, and about double that nmb^f

utmoft confternation.

of^Sor""'^

pf t^he,pamps adv

but hefore they could retre*t,,ix

of the enemy

Thtkingkiils

divided into two bodies in

of^er i^to enter-^J^Qe bqth breaches, :yO,up

ing

were, prep ar^i^

The

fpirit

and

of the befieged

good an aim that he lodged

fo

laid

fell

immedi-

the king

him dead on

the fpot.

with their chief, and in the

utmofl defpair, they performed the horrid ceremony of the Jdar,

put

all

their

wives and children to the fword, ,an^ .||urned

their bodies with that of their governor, on a prodigious fvineral

Chitor
ftormed.

pile.

The

Imperial army perceived what was going on by the

light of the fire: they advanced under the cover of night to the

breach, which they .found abandoned, fo that they entered the

place without oppofition.
fufficient to attack the

It

was

enemy could

d.ay-light before

a.

number

enter: then the king in per-

fon led on his men, and the unfortunate garrifon devoting themfelves to death,

had

retired to their temples.

that he mufl lofe a great

number of jiis

troops in cafe of a clofe

attack, ordered a diftant fire to be kept

>

Akbar perceiving

up upon the defperate

RajaputP,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

VI

Rajaputs,

1'

(y

/:

255

ti i

'1

he had introduced three hundred elephants of

till

's^^z-

^^^^

war, which he immediate!/ ordered 'to advai^^ to tread them to

^--^ ^'t-jqcu^:

deathv''

-----

-b.^-rnxm

S^^fv

^"jfLo

TK^'^fcene

tTU-ir't
1

became now too fhocking

bt^-

n'>')'^

W be

Brave A

\Sfelcribed.

dreadful

mttl'rdhdered more valiant by defpair, cxoiidei around the elep'h^nts/-

^zed them

even by the tufks, and inflide^d 'upon them

The

unavailing wounds.
Ixk?^"

terrible animals trode the Rajaputs

grafshoppers under their feet, or winding them* in their

powerful'tmnks, tolTed them

Of

againft the'wa31s*and pavements.

tants, thirty thoufand

prifoners.

were

few efcaped

(lain,

and the moft of the

in the confufion,

children like captives, and driving

camp.

They by

this

means

reft

by tying

them through

palTed undifcovered,

taken

their

own

ili'fgrt<jffn

the king's

being taken

fome of the followers of the camp.

The government
Afaph Chan

On

which con-

the garrlfon,

of eight thoufand Rajaputs and of forty thoufand inhabi-

fifted

for

them

aloft into the air, or daflied

the

way

orders that

of the ftrong fort of Chitor was given to The

Hirrivi, and the king returned towards his capital,

happened

a tyger

nobody

ftiould

himfelf, he began to

to

be rouzed before him

touch the animal, and riding forward

wound him with arrows.

mal ftood growling on

he gave

a rifmg

The

terrible ani-i

ground near the king, and being

enraged by his wounds, he ran directly towards the king,

ftood to receive
called Adil,

him with

his

One

lance.

fearing the confequerfce,

of his attendants

raftied

and the tyger, and aimed ^fortunate blow

who

between Akbar

at the animal,

himfelf was tolfed under his paws, and would have in a

but he

moment

expired, had not fome others rufh'cd to his affiftancei and given

the tyger a deadly

ff-'om

imminent

wound, which

dartgerl

both, faved the

'

king and Adil

king re-

wards Vgra,
Ivoma^tygcr.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

256
A. D. 1567.
Higer. 975.
Dirtorbanccs

qu^icU^^^'

Akbaf having
t>

arrived at Asjra,
received advices that Ibrahim
o

Mahunimud Huflein Mlrza, had revolted front

Chingez Chan prince of Guzerat, and were again returned to
Malava, having commenced hoftilities with the fiege of Ugein.
The king difpatched Killitch Chan Indijani and Chaja Yeas ul
Upon the approach of this
dicn Kifvini, to expel them.
Huflein and

army, the Hufleins

the fiegc,

raifed

and retreating precipi-

Nirbudda, croffed that river and

tately to the

fled again

towards

the king

marched

Guzerat.

Akbar

invells

Kiniiniporc.

month of Regib, in
from Agra with an intention
In the

Raja Surjan,

who had bought

the year 976,

to

reduce Rintimpore,

that ftrong fort

from Hujaz Chan

one of the dependants of Selim Shaw, prepared

the

felf to

laft

On

extremity.

the 22d of

where

to

defend him-

Ramzan

976, the

king invefted the place, and having properly reconnoitered

ordered a great battery to be conftru<fted on an adjoining

hill,

dragged up his heavy

artil-

called

Rin

lery to this

he with great

eminence

difficulty

two of the

pieces being capable to receive

a ftone ball of fix or feven maunds,

maunds

*.

or one of iron of thirty

In a few days a part of the wall and a great

the houfes were laid in ruins, and at the end of the

Which he

number of
month the

garrifon driven to difficulties, folicited to capitulate.

takes by capitulation.

it,

ditions propofed

The

con-

by them were, to have the liberty of retiring

unmolefted, leaving

all

their wealth

and effeds

to the king.

Thefe terms were accordingly accepted, and the king took poffeffion

Returns to
Agra.

of Rintimpore,

Akbar

after this

conqueft

Chaja Moin ul Dein

The

fize

at

made

a pilgrimage to the ffirine of

Ajmere, and from thence returned

of thefe guns might be reckoned incredible, did there not remain

Jndia pieces of as extraordinary a bore

particularly

one at Arcot, and another

to this
at

day

to
in

Dacca.

Agra,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

Agra.

From

that city he

village of Sikri

and was

would

him

told,

live

went

to vifit

Shech Selim Chifti

3257
in the

a. d. 1569.

he queftioned him according to the ceremonies,

it

that he

faid,

is

and profper;

all

would foon have

iffue that

which Were born

the children

before that time, dying in their infancy.

Soon

to

after, the

Afonbomta
the king.

favourite Sultana
ul

became pregnant, and upon the 17th of Ribbi

Awil, in the year 977, fhe was brought to bed of a fon,

was named Sultan Selim. Upon

an ad: of grace

foon after he performed a

foot, to the (hrine

whole army

king publifhed

and ordered a day of thankf-

to all prifoners,

givlng to the Almighty

grimage on

this occafion the

of Chaja

in the procefllon,

who

Moin

ul

vow of

pil-

Dein, with his

then returning by the way of

Delhi, the king near that city took the diverfion of the chace.

Raja

Ram

Callinger,

Chund, who had

of the flrong fort of

which he had taken from the dependants of Selim

Shaw, hearing about

expedition againft
Chitor,

pofTeffion

him

made terms

time,

this
j

that the king meditated

Cailinger fur'

[^e^ing

an

fearing the fate of Rintimpore and

for the

delivery of the place,

which was

accordingly put into the hands of the king.

Upon

the 3d of Mohirrim 978, the king had another fon

born to him in the houfe of Shech Selim

Mahummud

He upon

Murad.

this

The

Sultan

he called

account made another pil-

grimage to Ajmere, and ordered the town

(lone wall.

whom

to be fortified

from thence proceeded

to

with a

Nagore, Who

where Chunderfein the fon of Maldeo, and Rai Callianmill Raja

of Bicanere, came out to meet him with valuable prefents. The
latter prefented the

king with his beautiful daughter.

from Nagore marched

It

feems the king had

left

to the

fome of

town of Adjodin, and

his beautiful miftrelTes in the

to receive the benefit of the prayers of that holy

Vol.

II.

LI

"

Akbar

viliting the

hoafe of Shech Selim,

man.

tomb

makes a

fh!?ugh

his

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

65S

lUj.i

A. D. rro.
Higer. 078.

'

ii

tomb of Shech Ferid Shukurgungc, proceeded to Debalpoor,

where Mirza Aziz Koka who was Jagierdar of that place,
prefented

him with

The

a large PidicuHi.

KuUi Chan
came alfo out

king from thence:

palled to Lahore, Iluffein

Turkuman, governor of

that city and province,

to

meet.J^im in the fame

manner with

On

i^e returns to

the

great prefents.

firft

of

Siffer

979, the Sultan

left

Lahore, and returned

Agra

by the way of Firofa to Ajmere, and from thence proceeded to

Secunder Chan Ulbeck

Agra.

who had

been lurking about the

woods of Bengal, and committing ravages on the inhabitants,

about this time feized by

v/as

king,

who

Chan, and fent

to the

according to his ufual clemency forgave him.

The king
two

Monim

efteeming the village of Sikri, fortunate to him, as

Tons were born to

of the faints with

him

whom he

by the means of the

there,

left his favorite miftrelTes;

prayers-

he ordered

the foundation of a city to be laid there, which after the con"^d^ ^h"^
kingdom of
(riuzerat,

Li
Guzerat, he called Fattepoor *.
^^^^
kingdcm of Guzerat being torn to pieces by

aii/--i
Akbar leized

upon

He

marched

therefore

the year 980,

intefline divifions^
.

that opportunity to declare

Ajmere under

to

the

war agamit

it.

a pretence of a pilgri-

mage, and from that place detached Chan Callan before him

The

towards Guzerat.

king followed

Akbar

main body of the army.

in his

at

fome diftance with the

way appointed Rai Singh

to the

government of Joelpoor, the relidence of Raja Maldeo,

whom

on account of feme mifdemeanor he depofed.

emperor arrived

at

whom
*

,.

the

Nagore, he received advices of the birth of

another fon, on the 2d of

holy Shech Danial,

When

Jimmad

ul

Awil, in the houfe of the

he with great propriety called Da-

The

city

of Vidory.

nial.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^160
was

nial,' as it

i ti
/ >1
d <>
1 6
doiibt
to the faint's prayers
he
no
r

0.

.1

HX

owed

259

this Ipiece

'5^^4*. ^Higer. 9B0.

of good fortune

The

king appearing with his army on the confines of Guzerat, which

Shere Chan Fowladi, an

Omrah

abandoned his poft and

frontiers,

fled

'""^

who

of diftindtion

fub-

defended the a^bbw"

with precipitation.

The king

took immediate pofTefTion of Pattan, and gave the government of

it

Ahmed Chan.

to Seid

He from

that place

moved

his flandard

of viftory towards Ahmed-abad; but before he had marched two

ftages,

Suhan Muziffer came

meet him, and without

to

rendered his kingdom into the hands of Akbar,

Ahmed-abad, the

entered

manner,
it

may

as if

capital of Guzerat,

blow, fur-

fo that the

king

in as peaceable a

To

he had been entering Agra.

account for this

not be improper to fay fomething concerning the flate of

Guzerat

Sultan

at that period.

Mamood

event died,

Chan, and

his

Amad

king of Guzerat, having fometime before this The

Omrahs,
ul

particularly Seid

Muluck, who

Mubarik Adtemad
power of the

pofTeffed all the

government during the minority of the prince Sultan Ahmed,

Mamood,

the fon and fuccelTor of Sultan

finding

him begin

to

think for himfelf, were unwilling to part with their power, and

found means privately

to

make away with him

but to keep up

the appearance of loyalty, they raifed a child of doubtful birth

to the throne,
ziffer,

on

whom

they impofed the

name of

and divided the kingdom among them.felves

Sultan

Mu-

in the fol-

Ahmed-abad, Cambait, and fome other prowere pofTeffed by Aftemad Chan; Anduka, Dolukch, and

lowing manner.
vinces,

fome other countries, by

*

One might

be temptrd to

of Sikri, he owed fome of

the opinion of the
that prayer

is

Juil

thinic, that as

his fons to

Mahommedan

Chan

the grandfon of Seid

Al:bar

left

doflors, as well as of

more efFeaual when

his

wives

mo'c than the prayers of

the

means

in

Muba-

charge of the Saints

thofs holy perfons

it

being

fome grave divines among ourfelvcs,

are ufsd.

rick

ftate

of

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

26o
A. P. 157*.
Higer. 980.

rick

Surat, Biroge,

Amad

ence in the

Birod and Japanier, by Chingez Chan tht

Muluck, while other Omrahs who had

ul

ftate,

had the

The nominal

them.

reft

of the kingdom partitioned

tlie

their petty tyrants,

of their country.

The

who

during this

by con-

oppreffive,

This made the unhappy people

like vultures,

to relieve

gnawed

eafy conqueft of Guzerat

them

the bowels

was therefore

furprizing, as the nominal king tired of his fituation,

hoped more from the favor of

own

Ahmed-abad

towards Akbar,

of Guzerat turn their eyes

no ways

in

government became very

tinual wars and civil diflentions.

from

among
the mean

king Sultan Muziffer was in

time cooped up by Aflemad Chan

oligarchy,

influ-

a foreign prince,

than from his

fadUous and independant Omrahs.

return from this digreffion.

Akbar^stranf-

aaionsinGu-

fecond day after the

entrance into Ahmed-abad, he was waited upon by the

]^ing's

principal
mifTion.

Omrahs of Guzerat, who haftened to make their fubBut Aligh Chan and Hujaz Chan, two Abyffinian

Omrahs, were ordered

into confinement, as they gave

dent figns of difcontent.

fome

Ibrahim HufTein Mirza was

the head of an army in Biroge, and

at the

The

Mahummud

evi-rr^

ftill

at

Huffein Mirza

The king
Muluck one of

head of another confiderable force near Surat.

therefore refolved to reduce

them

Aichtiar ul

the Omrahs of Guzerat, having broke his parole of honor and

fled at this time, all the other

confinement.

When

Omrahs were ordered

into clofe

the king arrived at the port of Camhait,'

he appointed Chan Azim Mirza Aziz governor of Ahmed-abad..

F.xpioits of

ibrahlm^Huf-

Ibrahim HufTein Mirza,

Biroge,
fidelity

who we

have already obferved was

hearing of Akbar's approach,, and fufpe<fting the

of Ruftum Chan Rumi, one of his principal

'aJTafilnated

him, and difco vexed aa inclination

to

officers,

march

into

Punjab

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

2r

to raiie difturbances in that quarter, ^^c^hd' king recei^'-'

I^uniab
J
y

mg

'5-725^'

Higer. 980.

intelligence of this defign about itiidniglit, left his cirfip'

in charge of

Chaja Jehan and Calliche Chan, and with

detachment marched himfelf that night with

cA3t

aff Ibrahim's retreat

the

with only forty

Sirtal,

The enemy

having lagged behind with fatigue.

reft

being' encaiKped

on the oppofite bank of the

th^

kifi'g tfioirght 'it

of

^lis

thing

and

river,

prudent to proceed no further,

detachmerrt

known any

expedition to

all

the next day he reached the rivef

Mhenderi, which runs by the town of

horfe,

fhould

attempt of that kind,

he might"

But that unenterprizing

the king

till

in fight,

till' t^ie're"ft

Had Ibrahim

arrive.

of the art of war,

taken Akbar prifoner.

chofdn

therefbre
hvive^'efifily

made no

officer

was joined by

a frelh detach-

ment, which had been ordered fome days before to Surat, and
-happened to be then encamped at a

little diftance.

This fmall party confided only of feventy horfe,

of which there happened to be

mood Chan

Baherra, Raja

five principal

Buguan Dafs, Raja

at the

Omrahs, Seid Ma-

Man

Singh,

KuUi Chan Myram, and Raja Surjun of Rintimpore.

more

thefe the king, without waiting for

perate refolution to attack the enemy,

commanded by Ibrahim
the main body of the

to

come

enemy with

Shaw
With

troops, took the def-

whom

one thoufand of

army purfued

their

enemy

march.

It

happened

inftead of permitting^

him between two hedges,

horfemen could fight abreafi:. The king in

into the plain, oppofed

where not above

this

attacks

HuiTein, waited to receive him, while

very fortunately for Akbar that the

him

head He

fix

narrow pafs put himfelf upon the footing of a private

trooper, and performed extraordinary feats of perfonal valour

which however
of his condud.

avail little to

At

laft

wipe away the

the courage

naturally raifed in his followers,

folly

of

this piece

which Akbar's behaviour

made them

as defperate -as

himfelf.

y;/ho^

^f%overthrows.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

262
A. D,
^

572.

himfelf, fo that after a long

hand, they heat them back, and

in

with the
Akbarbe-

engagement with the enemy fword

lois

only of one

Ibrahim Hufiein

at laft totally defeated

Omrah, and

fled to his

few

private

them,

men.

army, but fuch was their confler-

nation and opinion of Akbar's prowefs, tnat the greateit part of

his forces deferted

him, which was

The king

be gained by fuch a victory.

what he had done,

his

the advantage that could

all

from the

defifted

army came up, marched and

contenting himfelf with

purfuit,

and waiting

inverted Surat.

till

mean

In the

time the Omrahs of Guzerat collected themfelves in the environs

of Pattan, and held a council
that

Ibrahim Huflein Mirza

ing difturbances

to

proceed.

(liould profecute his

Punjab,

in

how

and that

They

agreed

fchcme of

Mahummud

raif-

HulTein

Mirza, Shaw Mirza, and Shere Chan Fowladi, fhould inveft

Pattan.

They

expefted by thefe means to draw the king from

the fiege of Surat.

Ibrahim to-

by'kaf Sirg*^
atxMaoorc.

Ibrahim HulTein Mirza having arrived

governor of Jodpoor,

who had

towards the evening,

qj^^

v/ater to be found, but

troops of Rai Singh,

to attack the
fity

enemy.

of the attempt,

him

place where there was no

poiTefTed.

This made the

v/ere in great diftrefs for water, call out

difpofition and the necef-

made Rai Singh, though much

inferior to

Ibrahim's horfe being killed, and he

himfelf difmounted in the

aftujilly flain,

at a

This favorable

the enemy. Join battle.

he was

Nagore, Rai Sing

purfued him, came up with

what Ibrahim

who

at

firfl

charge, his

gave ground.

army imagining

The enemy

that

took fuch advan-

tage of their confulion, that the whole efforts of Ibrahim were

not capable to recover the diforder, and he was totally routed

fled

with great precipitation towards Delhi, and from thence

5imbol.

he
to

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

In the

Omrahs

mean time Mahummud Huffein Mirza and

carried

on the

Ahmid Chan

Seid

liege

Barhey.

263

the other A D.

1572.
Higer. 9S0.

of Pattan, which was defended by TheOmrahs

Mirza Aziz Koka coming; to his ofGuzeratdeleated before

'

relief

with the army from Ahmed-abad, the Omrahs raifed the

fiege,

went out

had

to

meet him, and gave him

at firft the difadvantage,

diforder,

battle.

Pattan.

Aziz Koka

both his wings being thrown into

but his troops continuing fteady in the centre, he at

gained ground, and improving the advantage, put them to

laft

flight

towards the Decan.

The king

in the

mean time made

breach in the walls of Akbar

takea

burat.

Surat, and

had

the city and

raifed feveral

commanded

mounts, from which he battered

the ftreets.

When

he was preparing

for a general aflault, the garrifon defired to capitulate.

terms were agreed

to,

the

city delivered

up,

and

Their

the king

Ahmed-abad ; he diftributed all the governments of

Ouzerat, among the friends of Mirza Aziz Koka, his foflerreturned to

brother, and on the 2d of Ziffer, in the year 981,

the

way of Ajmere

to

Agra.

SECTION
The

returned by

V.

Hiftory of the Reign of Akbar, from the Year

981, to the Reduction of Cabul in 989.

IBRAHIM HUSSEIN MIRZA,

1

-11111^1

arriving at Simbol,

as

we

have already mentioned, heard that the Omrahs of Punjab

under HufTein Kulli Chan, were befieging the

cot,

caftle

of Nagra-

he therefore marched into Punjab, which he expecled to

find

HufMirza
to Pua-

ibrahira
^'^i"

fiies

A. P.'ijij. fifind tlnnHia"^<^/

'

Heiscxpeilcd*

defeated near

aM^iftW

"

able

he had

to*'

come' up^vi th tiim,

environs of the city of Tatta u^oii the

Kulli attacked

"his"

camp

'to

form the

line,

ii^^

his bi Other

'

from hunting

men

riiet

todeath'^n^"^

to fly

In Moultan
Blllochces,
fufe

till

lie

the,

^Th^re Hullein^

oi^t J^^unt^n^j^ at roi^e^j,

mean

tin>e

,^l^

an exptefs,,

But befare Ibrahim

arrived.

in the

engagement.

Il3ra,^in>i

army, and rallying a

r^^iipin^

pf them,

j3ar^

he was however repulfed with. ^r?at

1qCs,|..^

towards Moultan.

unfortunate Ibrahijn was agam attacked by

wounded^ taken

in'conj'un(ftion

all

r^^i^-f^

reached

]V^viirliiti^ei

with Huffein KuUi ^^han^.,<^f,rkd

his eftedis to Agra,

ordered the head to be

fet

tl>9j,^

prifoner^ and dehvered.up to MuchHv'/

Chan^ governor of Moultan, -^ho l^^eadisfijnmr

Chan
and

tiie

'

his routed

relieved the cohibat

l^e 'is defeated.

of

join

was defeated andj^aken^^||riro^

thoufarids of his

aad obliged

tiie ne.ceiity

ljis^al>fen9ej.^\^;a^

fendino: in the

to his brother concerning his fituation.

to"

Sin(|^

he wa^^^ope^^^y

commanded^

hlm's' W(Dther;^^jvho

therefore

as

cfolvcd

Sind.

was fHerefore \mcler

^H^ufrcin Kuiti Clian

bemi

it

by the way of

his friends in Glizcrht,"

^yi\'];jout

plunSferin^'

hfs^^:\eadi

to prefent the^n to the,ki|i^! r,,AkbijLr^,^

up above op q of

.thp^^ate^

of

-^^gra^.
|

and his hroriier Mufa'ood HulTein

Aninfurrec-

tioainGozerat.

to b,e|,coi|^q^^dj^,if| Ijhf foct

In the Ribbi ul Awil of the fanie year,

-^Yuz^ Aziz Koka, that Aichtiar

hummud

^il

had*"p6ffe{re(l

.ac^.JVIaTiV;

,wi||i ccifid^r^ble,^r|:5jif^j__^

themfelves of feveral countries in Guzerat, and

had inverted him

in

Ahmdd-abad'/

advic^e^ ^jri^y/yd,//;^?^

Mujyck. Gazerat^j

Huflein Mirza, ^were^ joined

jif^

'^'"^^

'

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN,

As

it

was

now

265

march a great army

the rainy feafon, and to

^- ^yj'

impradicable, with that expedition which the urgency of the The

fituation

of

the king fele^ted two

required,

affairs

and fent them off before him

horfe,

Omrahs and

officers

at Pattan,

then with three hundred

mounted upon camels, he proceeded

rate of four flages every

of horfe

thoufand

r^V.

king

fets

wkh'g"rS

wpedition.

at the

day*, and came up with the detachment

where he was joined by a thoufand more.

His whole force then confifted of three thoufand horfe, and

With

three hundred camels.

march with
arrival

the fame expedition to

within four miles of the

was with

it

immediate
while

Ahmedabad, and upon

his

the

news the enemy had

firfl

This flruck the foMiers with fuch a pannic,

of his approach.
that

his

ordered the Imperial drums

city,

own march, which was

to beat his

army he continued

this fmall

could keep them from

difficulty their officers

They however formed

flight.

Mahummud

at length the line,

HuiTein with a few horfe went to the banks

of the river to reconnoitre,

who had been fent

him acrofs the river,

Huflein faw at fome diftance Suban KuHi,

on the fame

what army

bufinefs

that

was? Suban Kulli

The

of the king of kings.

it is

He afked

by the king.

replied, that

other faid,

yet but fourteen days fince one of

Agra, and
peror."

perceive no elephants,

Suban Kulli then

told

him,

at that ratcj

Mahummud "Hufleln

but

all

**

my

that
fpies

it
is

was the army

faw the king

at

**

It is

it is

but nine days fince the

well known, elephants

the cavalry are

come up."

returned immediately to his camp, and Comes to

Muluck with five thoufand horfe, to watch the

of Ahmedabad. He himfelf marched with feven thoufand
*

Vol.

11.

Each

fore the ene-

'"^*

impoflible, for

fcnt Achtiar ul

gates

Arrives unexpeftedly be-

which always attend the em-

king put his foot in the ftirrup, and

cannot march

flage

^ about twenty

Mm

Engliih miles.

horfe

bat-

.^J^E HI,S;rpRY PF,

266
A. p. 157 j.

horfe flgainft the kkig:

baks of the
receive

riveTj 0nd" difcovering tlie

render

time reached, the

this

enemy,

Jic

to be joined

drew up

whole dependance muft

them more

^he crofted the

defperate,

river,

on

reft

his

to

by the troops

He

but they were blocked up by the enemy.

that, his

plain.

had by

AkbSii:

them* expeding every mpment

in the city
:ffLW,

^fy^POST^N.

own

then

troops

by cutting off all hopes of

retreat,

and drew up before the enemy on the

Mahummud Huftein Mirza placing

himfelf in the centre

with his Moguls, Shaw Mirza on his right with the Afghans

and Rajaputg, and Shere Chan Fowladi on

with the

his left

Abaffinians and' the horfe of Guzerat, advanced to the charge.

And

totally

'

enemy.'

The king having alfo drawn up his fmall army in three

divifions. Commanded by their feveral officers, he pofted himfelf

with his body guard, confifting of a hundred horfe in the

rear of the centre.

The

now

battle

being joined with great

fury on both ftdes, the king with his guard wheeled round his
right flank, and fell furioufly on the left flank of the

enemy?

His troops, obferving their king thus expofing himfelf in the

midft of danger,
the

enemy

fo

Mahummud

made an uncommon

effort

of valor and charged

warmly, that they were repulfed with great

Huftein Mirza

who was wounded

attempting to leap over a hedge with his horfe,

faddle,

and was taken prifoner.

in

the adtion,

from

fell

Several perfons

the

man who- took him

Huftein replied,

Nobody

who was
the cUrfe

of ingratitude overtook me."

The

king

danger.

in

When

the king's forces were

remained on

a rifing

his

contending

about the honor of taking Huftein, the king afked him

**

lofs.

warm

in the puriuit,

he Jiimfelf

ground, with about two hundred horfe.

On

a fudden a great body of troops appeared moving towards him^

He

immediately difpatched a perfon,, to know- who they were:

,

he

THE HISTORY

Mulack, who had been

The

abad.

who were with

troops

Ilia

them

break through the enemy

to beat

The enemy

Ahmed-

the king began to be very

But Akbaf would by no means defeft

of retreating.

poft: he ordered

drums

guard the gates of

up the

and

inftantly to prepare to charge

fame time commanding the

at the

royal march.

made no doubt but

hearing the drums,

the whole He charges

army was behind the hill, and retreated with great precipitation,
The king purfued them to fome dirtance, to keep up the pannic
which had

quarrel, bafely

Huffein Mirza,

killed

fome former

hands in the blood of

Mahummud

his

who had

Muluck having

ul

perfon, Rai Singh to revenge

embrued

5000 of the
enemy with
^ *

Whilft thefe things happened where

feized them.

commanded in

the king

^- '5f3Hfger. 9^i

and gave many intimations of their

lineafy at their fituation,

defire

left to

^267

were the forces of Ach-

intelligence, that they

back
he brought

tiar ul

O ^ 1*^13 d S T A N.

been

alfo fallen

Achtiar

left in his polTeffion.

from

was

his horfe in his flight,

by one of the king's guards, who was purfuing him with

great eagernels.

Chan Azlm Aziz Koka,

withdrawn from the
entered

Ahmedabad

in his government,

wards Agra,
glorious,

after

reflevflo

gates,

finding

now

came out

the fame day,

to

that the blockade was

meet the

and continued Chan

way of Ajmere,

then by the

Akbar

king.'

Azim

haftened to-

haying performed a fervice, which,' though

more honor upon

upon

his intrepidity, tlian

his

conduct.

In the courfe of the fame year,

of' Bengal,

drew

his

Chan Chanan was

treaty after

'

fome

Daood ben Soliman governor

neck frorn the yoke of obedienee^

fent againfl

'

fenirii

him, 'Who brought hlnl 'tQ^ a

fuccefsful engagements.

Mm2

Thb

king

difTatifiel^

with

TheSubaof
bengal rebds.

THB
A. D. i573

with

dIJ)Ic?!JOiRY'

Bengal to Raja Jodef%

aff^irs.of

and fent him with orders to expel Daood entirely

mill,

government, or

his

the

this peace, comuvttecj

lligcr, 9811

OF HINDaSTANl

to oblige

fuperior to the fmall

him

who

one Lodi,

pay a certain yearly tribute,

acknowledgement which

Daood being threatened

made.

to

out- of

at the itime

he,

with

had formerly
a. civil

war by

difcovered an inclination to ufurp the kingdoni^

confented upon Jodermul's appearance to pay the tribute deP

He

manded.

then found means to feize upon Lodi,

,

Daood

put to death.

relieved

whom

from that domeflic danger,

he

broke*

the treaty with the king, and advancing againft Chan Chanan
He

15

and Raja Jodermul, engaged them

over-

thrqvvn.

Gang and
and

.wiB b0

The king

all

Sirve,

his baggage.

Chan Chanan

Patna.^^

The king informed

fets

confluence of the Sool,

where being defeated, he

5\^J,H?3n

utfrBccigai.

at the

middle of the

croflTed

lofl his fleet

of boats

immediately the

river,

t^j^^^-uiuN ^ru :^ iuu6 .iooj juo

of thefe tranfadions,

rains,

with

tained in a thoufand boats

as

many

fet

out from Agra

troops as could be con-.

he halted a few days

at Benaris,

where he was joined by the forces which marched overland; he

immediately embarked the whole, and fell down to Patna, and
on

his

way he

Jefu Chan,
*

'

received the

who had

news of the redudtion of Becker by

been fent againft that place.

Akbar having

few miles of Patna, heard that Ifah Chan Neazi

one of the enemies principal generals, had rnarched out of the

arrived within a

fort

and fought Chan Chanan, but that he was defeated and

his life, fo that the place

The

loft

was upon the point of being evacuated.

king therefore fent Chan Allum with three thoufand horfe,

to pofl!efs himfelf of the fort of Hadgeepoor, on the oppoflte

bank of the

river,

retreat, Ihould

and to endeavour to harrafs the enemy in their

they be already gone, if not, to ftop them. Chan

Allum accoidingly took

Chan the goverjior, an^
h^dbuq

that place by aflault^ and

th.e

garrifon prifoners

made Fatte

Daood

intimi-

^^^^^

 Oft

THB

^^^M^

W(5JS

fiftir

dirted^by tHi^feat a herald to the king to beg terms of accommodationjiilns boofiQ b^xa oj 3i3faio rijiv/ rnifl Jnal bqe ,Ium

y{

^J^^

The^ king returned him for anfwer, that he granted him his The

l^fe;

after

but that he moft

making

enough

truft

fubmiffion

his

to hold out

every thing

but

if

he

have a thoufand in

lather than fatigue

upon the

him

ifTue

fliould

fome few days merely

he could have no reafon to hope for pardon

the king,

my

to his

'elfe

my army

to give
j

'as

him

who

gi.ba?/'"^'''

trouble,

" and though,

good men

fhall

beft deferve

faid

ybuj

as'

nor even

to

all

p^Fhim

army evacuated the

his

let

^ipi^

Daood did not

it.**

trouble, but took boat at the water-gate that nighf, and

foon after

troops with a fiege, I wiirput the whole

ctoyfe to abcipt the challenge,

king

suba^ofBen-^

be bbftinate

of a fingle combat between you and^me, and

take the fort

the river

demency,

^^^J^*

{o fartlSer
fle'd

who

declines

ddwri

The

place.

next morning the king purfued them and took four hundred ele- ^iggStiS
phants, and the greateft part of their baggage. He then returned
to Patna, conferred the

dencies upon

government of that place and

depen-

Chan Chanan, then returned without purfuing

?ni*lfA"'Xzim

frorii

his

oonqueft farther to Agra.

vd i^iosa "^o noiftnbar

to

its

wan

(juzerat and

srfJ

baviyjai sd xi

Chan Jehan

froni^taliore,

came

Tranfaaione

pay their refpeds to the king, and returned afterw:ards to

Akbar

their refpedive governments.

the

title

him

to

at the fariie

time conferred

of MuzifFer Chan upon Chaja Muziffer Alli, and appointed

command

he himfelf made

a force againft the fort "of

a tour to

Ajmere, where' Having

chanties, he returned to Agra.

iuovB3bn3 ol
'In the

Rhotas in B^har

mean time Chan Chanan

beflpvt'ed great

j
fans ^-L^vh ant to

-had orders to cfarry the

insd
'

war The war in

further into Bengal againft Dabodl '''Th^t'gbneral h aving forced

the pafs of Killagurry,

Daood

flfed int^o

Oxiira,

whither

lie'

purfued

jjjg fed'uftion

^^{^^^^^

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

270
A. D. 1575.
lliger. 983.

of the king's
Raja Todermul, with part
purfucd by
J
o army.
jTunied
*
j
the foil of Daood defeated Jodermul in two battles, which obUged

Chan Chanan

to

march

both the Mogul generals

to his aid:

having joined their forces, engaged Daood.

who commanded

Kudgera, an Afghan chief of great bravery,

Daood's vanguard, attacked the vanguard of Chan Chanan com-

manded by Chan Allum, and

defeated and killed that

Omrah.

The Afgan purfued the run-aways through the center of their

own army, which were by that time drawn up in order of battle.
Chan Chanan obferving

the diforder haftened himfelf with a

Kudgera attacked him

fmall body to renew the ranks,

and wounded him in

in perfon,

he was obliged

feveral places, fo that

to

quit the field, and he was foon followed by his army.

The

by an arrow, Chan Chanan

rallied

them back

to the

valiant

Kudgera being

killed

His troops, and being a little recovered,

led

charge: he found Daood's army intent upon the plunder, and

foon put them to

flight,

taking

all

Raja Jodermul being detached

their elephants.

to purfue the

enemy, came up

with Daood on the banks of the Chin, which he could not

The

rebel finding no

himfelf,

means

crofs.

for efcaping, faced about to defend

Raja Jodermul did not chufe

to

provoke Daood too

and immediately fent intelligence of what had paffed to

far,

Chan Chanan.

That Omrah, notwithllanding

which were very bad, hafled

to that place

his

wounds

Daood furrendered

himfelf upon terms^ and was permitted to retain Oriffa, after

which Chan Chanan

returned.

been the capital of Bengal

of the badnefs of the
tropolis,

air,

till

The

city of Gore,

the time of Shere,

which had

who on account

had made Chav/affpoor Tanda, the me-

was now greatly decayed.

Chan Chanan admiring

the

antiquity and grandeur of that place, gave orders to repair the

"

+-

palaces.

THE HISTORY OF H N D O S T A N.
o a Vi a H o 7 H.o i d

271

and made

palaces,

it

his reftdence

but he foon

He

the unhealthy air of Gore and died.

fell a

was fucceeded

government by Huffein Kulli Chan Turkuman,

king gave the

title

vidim

to

^57?-

in his

whom

the

of Chan Jehan.

Mirza Soliman prince of Buduchfhan, being expelled by

own

to

his Tranfaaions

grandfon Mirza Shav/, was about this time obliged to feek

He

proted:ion- at the court of Agra.

foon after took leave of the

king, to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, after

which he returned

Buduchfhan, and found means

himfelf in his domi-

nions.

Some Omrahs

at

court

to reinftate

who

envied the greatnefs of Mirza

Aziz Koka, viceroy of Guzerat, accufed him

fonable intentions

him from

his

to

to the

king of trea-

they fo far prevailed upon him, that he recalled

government and confined him.

comply with the imperial

order, convinced

Koka's readinefs

Akbar

that he

to

was no

ways guilty ; but that the whole proceeded from the malice of hi^
enemies

Ahmed Chan

however, Shab ul Dein

Nehhapuri,

who

government of Guzerat, had

fufficient inte-

^eft at court to retain his office after his predecefTor

was acquitted.

.Was advanced to the

Before

Chan Jehan had taken

pofTefiion of his

government of

Bengal and Behar, the Zemindars of thofe provinces had rifen

in favour of

Daood, and inverted ChawafTpoor, which they took,

Daood found himfelf foon

and

at the

head of

in pofTefiion of the greateil part

Jehan having affembled

all

fifty

thoufand horfe,

of thofe countries.

the Imperial

Omrahs

Chan

in that quarter,

advanced againft Daood, and that chief retreated beyond the

pafTes, vyhich

the enemy,

Chan Jehan

who

forced, and killed above a thoufand of

attempted to flop his march.

account of the narrownefs of the

defile,

The enemy on

had not time

to efcapc.

Chan Jehan immediately marched towards Daood's camp, and

on the 15th of Shawal 983, drew up

his

army

in order of battle

near

Rebellion in
^^"2^''

THE HISTORY OF H N D O S T A N.

272

9^

an

Omrah famous

and

who

the enemy,

"^^^

valor,

made

and threw

lirte,

cbmmanded

ftood ready to receive him,

in the

army of Daood

a refolutc
it

the right of

Chan

vantage over the enemy on the

in a circle,

for perfonal

charge upon the

into diforder

Callapar,

left

ftrength

of the imperial

who

while Muziffer Chan,

Jehan's army, had the fame adleft; in this fituation

when Chan Jehan msde

home

they fought,

charge upon the

center of the enemy, which was f.iftained with great bravery.

Ai

length however the gale of vidory blew on the imperial

ftandatxfs,'

and the enemy were difperfcd

autumnal

Daood being taken

wind.

rous cuflom of

like leaves before the

prifoner,

was according

war when the king was not

by the conqueror

in cold blood

upon the

a youth of great bravery, died in a

Jehan took immedate

poffeffion

to the barba-

prefent, put to death

field

his fon Juneid,

few days of his wounds. Chan

of

all

Bengal, and fent

all

the

elephants and other fpoils to thp king,

Muziffer Chan in the year 984,

fent

Mahummud Mafoom

fet

out

againfl;

to expel Huffein

Rhotas, and

Chan, an Afghan,

who was hovering about with a flying party in that quarter.

Mafoom Chan

having engaged him, defeated him and took pof-

of his Pergunnahs

feflion

eight thoufand horfe,

obliged

him

but Callapar in the mean time with

furrounded him and thought to have

to furrender.

Mafoom Chan

breaking

down

the

wall of the town in which he was fhut up, rufhed out unexpedtedly upon the enemy.

In the

a(fl:ion

which enfued Mafoom

Chan's horfe was killed by a ftroke of the trunk of the elephant.

Callapar immediately rode up and he himfelf was in the

imminent danger of being crufhed

to death,

mod

had he not wounded

the elephant with an arrow in the eye, which rendered the ani-

mal

fo unruly, that

he would obey no

command

he therefore

rufhed back through the Afgan troops, carrying off Callapar,

-

which

m^/O

Tl^lJ^j

which made
followed him.

Miloom

who

left

army

his

wa& foon

From

Raja Gudgeputtij

The Afghans

from

to blockade the fort

command of

his brother,

The

king

Shabafs
feftion

this year

Chan

againft

Chan,

of Rhotas,

he took the fort

Shabafs

Q^^^^ezQ^lJX^^

Rhotas being deftitute of provi-

in the fort of

up the .place

Chan

a favorably capitu-

left

Rhotas under the

and went himfelf to pourt.

made

a progrefs towards Ajmere, and fent

Comilmere, a ftrong

of thp Ranaj he took

th/e

place,

and

fortrefs in the pof-

in the

mean time ^he

:

Nizam Shaw prinpe of Ahmednagur,. was at that time become

melancholy mad and confined to his apartments Akbar thought
:

this a proper oppovtunity to feize

upon

that country

was. diverted from his purpqfe. by fome domeftic

affairs

but he

which

occurred at that time, and he returned towards Agra by the

of Ajmere, where he. appointed. Muziffer Chan to the high

From Ajmere

and from thence he

upon

his >vay,

in.jthe

we(t.

tomb of

Shfick

too]i-

1''^?.

rqut. ^f; Cabul.

"

office

he wag

magnitude apjpeared
the

vifit^ed

Shuck^ergun^^, .^,ari4,quittipg,h^s rffolutiQa

pf^bipg. to Cabul, returned' to Agfa.,

foL.U.

When

.The kipg having- reached Adjodin,

;p|erid

way

the Sultan marched to Delhi,

a coipet of an -extraordinary

Nn

The king
makes a

king made a tour towards, the borders of the Decan ,Murtaza

of the Vizarit.

'576-

thence he direded hi march againft

whom

lation to give

^-.^-^

from whopi,l\e. took

3ein,.

were prevailed upon by promifes and

fions,

overtaker^ anci,ilaio.

and marched againft Raja Chander

the fort of Savana.

27^

they quickly

and,

vidtory returned and joined Muziffbr

Chan Cumbo

Shabafs

th^t hp iled,

believe

Callapar

after, this

O Fy 1^ INfD 0 S T A N.

^>l

The

pi

throu
grefs"hroug*h
grefs
his dominions.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

274
A. D. i<79.
987.

Iligei

Tho great moCque at F^ttepoor was

The prince pf Ciiaudc/, in the fame
Pluflein

the year 986.

finiftied in

year imprilbned MuzifFer

Mirza by the king's commands, and

him

fcnt

Agra.

to

In the courfc of the fame year Chan Jchan died in Bengal.

9.8^,,^'great fire
DIfturbances

happened

confumed effeds

which

in Fattepoor in tJie wardrobe,

amount.

to a prodigious

la

After the death of

in Bengal.

Chan Jehan,
jftrength,

the Afghans began

and to

raife diflurbances..

tions.the king ient

to recover in

To

Chan Azim Mirza

fupprefs their infurrec-

Aziz- Koka, with a confi-

49rab;e,^;:my to.that kindgom^^j^^^^,^^^

The

Mirza Mahummud Hakim the

king's

brother befieges

Lahore.

tunity of thefe troubles to

fent

Shadiman

in Punjab,

Man

fued by the

force*

the fiege.

This ofHcer crofling the Nilab,

Singh an

Singh retreated to Lahore, whither he was pur-

He

prince.

arrived before that city

ith of Mohirrim, in the year 989, and invefled

The

by way

Omrah .of Punjab, and

When Mirza Mahummud Hakim had reached Rhotas

routed.

kirn to raife

Man

He

an attempt upon Lahore.

his fofter-brother with a thoufand horfe,

was attacked by Shoor

Akbar

king's brother, took the oppor-

make

of advanced guard before him.

that quarter,

itp^;>

upon
j.

tlje

place was gallantly defended by Seid Chan, Baguandafs,

and Shoor

Man

Singh,

till

the king

marched from Agra

to their

Upon the approach of the royal jftandard, Mirza Mahummud Hakim retreated to Cabul the king purfuing him to Sirrelief.

hind.

Intelligence

Munfoor

was brought

Shirazi one of his

to

him

at that place, that

Omrahs had been

Shaw

carrying on a cor-

refpondence with the enemy, for which he ordered

him

to

be

march

to-

impaled.

iPurfuei hiitt

The king having

crofTed the Nilab, continued his

lo Cabul.

wards Cabul, and detached his fon Murad in front with the van
guard

THE HISTORY OF HIND OS TAN.

275

When Murad had

guard
his fon Selim he left at Tellalabad.
^
^
reached Shuttergurdan, within fifteen crores of Cabul, Feredoon
:

Chan

Murad

attacked

upon

prince, feized

all

S8Higer. 989.

and having repulfed the

in that pafs,

Mirza Mahiimmud Hakim

his baggage.

'upon the 2d of 'Siffer 989, drew up his army before the king in
'brder of battle.
rOj- ii

i.i

'^The elepiiants

were with the prince Murad being

i^liich

brdered to advance, fired the fmall

field pieces that

upon them, and by mere accident three of the

by Mirza

Mahummud Hakim

prince immediately
llaughtcr.

left

the

SifFer,

The

were mounted

who

chiefs

flood

that pufiUanimous

and was purfued with great

farther oppofition entered

and Mirza

Ghorebund: he from thence

forgivenefs,

field,

The king without

upon the 7th of

were killed

Totally avcr-

Mahummud Hakim

fcnt an embafiy to the king

"^

Cabul

fled to

begging

which was granted him.

Hakim
He on his way

king having refigned his conquell of Cabul to

'tm the 14th of

Siffer,

returned towards Agra.

ordered a fort to be built upon the NilaL, which he called Attock,

which means

in

the Indian language Forbidden

fuperftition of the Hindoos,

'i^i^r.

The king having

Ramzan, gave
dafs,

it

for

was held unlawful to

arrived at Lahore

by the

crofs that

"rf>t^

upon the 19th of

.^y^a*!*^

the government of that province to Raja Baguan-

and in a few days

fet

out for Agra.

iGO no gfli^ieo nasd bs^d edsniiO

cm

io

jao

isBiirfS

loolnnM

(Ilia t;.ul

JkdfiD

'3

Nn2'

SECTION

oil

THE

47*

HI<3TGRY OF HINDOSTAN.

SECTION

VI.

io. ihl(nu\:ij

The

Hiftory of the Reign of Akbar, from the Year 989^

Rebellioa

-to the

Higerah*;i

in,

Calhmire, in the

000th of

tlie

^.j^nv

ynuJiolciii'

Higer.

The

(j

9.

.J

king re-

^HE

'

A. D. 1581.

J,
^

troubles in Bengal

Chan Cumbo, with

i^^^g

continuing, the king fent Sha-

a confiderable force to reinforce

In the year 991 he

KIs iarmy in thofe parts.

inforccshisar-

flill

my in Benga)*
Priag,

where he ordered the

confluence of the

fort

made

a progrefs to

of Allahabad to be built at the

Jumna and Gangeji*

'

Sultan MuzifFer of Guzeraf,

who had been

kept a prifbner

large fince the redu<ftion of his kingdom, began

great loyalty and affe<^lion for the king.

count rewarded

him with

now

to exhibit

Akbar upon

a large Jagier, and he

aSt

this ac-

became

a great

favourite at court*

But indulgences of
the conquered king

Akbar was
flirred
firft

lity

up

at

this' fort

could not gratify the ambition of

he made

his efcape

Guzerat, while

Allahabad, and by the affiflance of Shere Chan

a rebellion in that

kingdom.

intelligence of this infurre(5tion, fent

The

king upon the

Ad:emad Chan

of governor to Guzerat, and recalled Shab ul Dien,

fufpe<5ted of favouring Sultan Muziffer.

new

to

governor, Shab ul Dien

in-

qua-

who was

After the arrival of the

came out of Ahmed-abad, and

halted fome days at Pattan to prepare for his journey, during

which time

a great part of his

This enabled
,

tliat

army

deferted to Sultan Muziffer;

prince to march towards Ahmed-abad.

Ademad

THE HISTORY bF H^NDWTAW

277

the governor left an officer and part of his ^: ^

*
filler.
the
city,
and
with
reft
marched
out to
troops to defend the

Ademad Chan

Pattan, where Shab ul Dien was encamped.

the

mean

time, with very

Ahmed- abad.
Dien

The new

little

'S^s
990.

Sultan MuzifFer in
poffelTed himfelf

oppolition,

of

governor then prevailed upon Shab ul

a'ccompany him, and marched back to retake the place.

to

Sultan MuzifFer

who came

nors, and drove

them back

from Pattan,
-zd'd SiijL

out to battle, defeated the two goverto Pattan.

to acquaint the

Adtemad

king of his misfortune.

s:ij ,;..;ititjniincci

utiL ijiytivtl ni '5*3ldDQi3

Akbar being informed of the untoward

Guzerat,

difpatched

fent an exprefs

fituation

Abdul Ruftum, commonly

of

.:it-x''

'

affairs

called

in

Mirza

Chan, the fon of the great minifter Byram Chan, together with
the

Omrahs of Ajmere,

vince

to re flare the tranquility of that pror

but before Mirza

Chan had reached Guzerat, Sultan

Muziffer had reduced the fort of Biruderra, which was defended

by Cuttub

ul

Dien

Mahummud,

Jagierdar of Beroche, and had

there taken fourteen lacks of rupees belonging to the king, and

ten crores of rupees of the property of the governor,
his

life

who

loft

This immenfe acquifition of treafure

on the occafion.

him to recruit a great army at Ahmed-abad, whither

Mirzd Chan marched to attack him with eight thoufand horfe.
enabled

Mirza Chan having

arrived at the village of Sirgunge, within

three crores of the city, Sultan Muziffer on the 15th of

Mohir- deSsuhai

rim 992, marched out to meet him with thirty thoufand horfe,

and drew up

in

his prefence.

The

Imperial general noways

intimidated by his numbers, encouraged his men, charged the

enemy

vigoroufly fword

(laughter, and purfued

in hand,

defeated

them quite through

Omrahs of Malava with

after joined

by the

he marched

after Sultan

them with

the city.

Mirza Chan

grea,t

Being foon

a confiderable force,

Muziffer towards Combait, and drove

him

'^^^'*^^'^-

TUU^ HIS T 0 R Y b F

aiy^
A. D. t5f4.
Uigcr. 99C.

hJi^

amon?
^

iht mfeliHtilns of Nadout.

to oppofe the

from

I Kr t)

Moguls
by the

his poft

narrow

in a

artillery

O S T A N.

MuzifFer faced about

defile,

but he was driven

of Mirza Chan, and

Jionagur, taking I'efuge with Jame, a Raja of thefe

Mirrareduces

^'

Mirsji

Chan

t'limki'rtg It

parts.'

Chan

to befiege the

of Baroche, which he took from Nafire Chan, the brother-

in-law of Sultan Muziffer.

rnbnths, and at

lait:

made

Nafire held out the place feven

6'--^

his efcape to the t)ecaii.

Sultan Muziffer foon after by the aid of Jame, and

Muziffer

^i^^'^'''^

unneceflary to purfue Muziffer further,

returned to Ahmed-abad, and fent Callehi

fort

towards

fled

at^empt?u"o*n

Suba of Jionagur, advanced

^"T/^OLsdj

crores of

retreat

a fudden pannic,

but flrengthened by

new

Ami Chan

Mabi within

Mirza Chan marching out

Ahmed-abad.

him, he was flruck with

to a place called

'

fixtji'

to oppose

and made a precipitate

alliances,

he made a third

attempt to recover his dominions, and engaging the king's army,

iat

Siranti,

he was defeated and obliged

'"^''^^"^^

Singh, Raja of Jallah.

Tranfaaions
atcowt.

Chan

Miii^a

five

months

recalled to court

but

to take refuge

as the fugitive Siiltan*

began

the king conferred the

pf Chan Chanan upon him, and ordered him back

rrhis year

Shaw,

Burhan Nizam

fled

from

ul

his brother

and not long

after

Murtiza Nizam

Shaw

^*"t

tiflbs i)T

to Guzetati

Sha-\^

he'

king of

tiie

W4s gracioufly

Fatte Allah Shirazi, the moft

eminent man of that age for learning, came

5n*diuft;G

to raife

Muluck, the fon of HufTein Nizatii

Dec^n, and cam<^ td the court of Agra, Avhere

received

R'ai

after this lafl vidtory over MuzifFet,

his head again in his abfence,

wsndoaiJua

with

''''"-'^

^''""'^

alfo

from the Decan,

and had an honorable ofHce near the king's perfon conferred' upon
hlht'
bszas'ibii

'J"iuo:>

oJ

smoi oMfii^isuO

io

n^nsdJ cihdJ

03 Jnai

In

THE HISTORY OF HIND O STAN.

Chock wind

year Spid Murtiza Subwari, and

,,,J[n^the ejifuin^

279
^- 's^i*

Chan, Omrahs of the Decan, being defeated by Sullabit Chan The king's
took, refuge at Agra ; and as the king had a long time entertained
fh^'^'f^.^J^"
thoughts of conquering the Decan, he fent them to Mirza.Aziz

Koka, who then

ordered that

the government

poflelTed

Omrah

to raife all the forces

adjacent territories, and carry

conferred the
razi,

fent

title

him

was thoroughl)r

war

He

of Malava.

of Malava, and of the

into that country: and having

<^t

[nt

"

Dowla upon Shaw Fatte Alia Shir

Chan Azim in that expedition, as he

of Azid ul

to

affift

ac^uair^je^, vviU fhq^dif^^e^iit i^fe/;e% and,p9,lic^

of that country.

Koka having according

,to orders recruited a great armv, KLo^a advan?.

"si
ces with an
marched to the borders of his government, and found that Raja army toww*
^

Alii

Chan of Chandez was

Decan.
to

He

bring

'

inclinable to join the king of the

immediately difpatched Shaw Fatte Alia to endeavor

him oyer

to

the

Mogul

intereft

returned without accompliHiing any thing*

Tucki Nizire and Bezad

ul

Muluck,

Omrah

but that

Mahummud

Mirza

in conjun(Stion

with the Raja

of Chandez, by the orders of the king of the Decan marched

againft

Koka, who was encamped

Koka however

did not think

place, but giving

rout,

them the

and advancing

The

in that

plundered that place for the

generals of the Decan, and their ally

the Raja of Chandez,

the

'-^wo^

he entered the Decan by another

to Elichpoor,

11-1
m

fpace of three days.

them

proper; to^ engage

it

flip,

the province of Hindia.

in.

mean time returned and threw

But

is

obliged

t retreat.

themfelves into the fuburbs of Elichpoor,' which obliged Koka,

rather than rifque a battle, to evacuate the Decan,jg

.5G

While, thefe th ings were

fent to

^^^^

jH'*

Tfo

53719037

rt&m insnimr^r

tranfacfted in the Decan,,* orders \Vf<^

Chan Chanan of Guzerat

to

come

to court.

He

fqr^l>^

with obeyed, and Sultan Muziffer taking advantage of his ab fence,

^

advanced

Diftutbances

quduu""

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

^ig^

99"^^*

advanced towards Darul

M-'^l^cck,

the deputy governor of the

country, but he was again defeated.

Mirza Sharoch,

Tranfadions
at cou;t.

prince, of Buduchflian,

being expelled from

dominions by AbduUa Chan, the Ufbeck, came

j^jg

this year to

court, and ranked himfelf among the king's Omrahs

at

the

marriage of the daughter of Raja Baguandafs to Saltan Selim,

in

the year 994, the king kept a great feftival on the Norofe *,

and

few months

ther,

who

Chanan

after

Mirza

Mahummud Hakim, the king's bro-

Akbar having appointed Chan

fecond time governor of Guzerat, and Shaw Fatte

reigned in Cabul, died.

Alia, Sidder or high-prieft of that country, fet out for Punjab.

On his way
ment of

he appointed Sadei

That Omrah

mud Hakim, who

fon with Chaja

to the govern-

Man

Bicker, and

to Cabul.

Mahummud Chan

Singh the fon of Baguandafs, was fent

brought the children of Mirza Mahum-

were very young, to Lahore, and

Shumfe

ul

lefc his

own

Dein Chani, inverted with the chief

authority in Cabul.

The

The

king

to reduce

Caaimirc.

king having arrived at the fortrefs of Attock, he detached

Mirza Sharoch, Chaja Baguandafs, and Shaw KuUi Chan Myj-am, with five thoufand horfe to reduce the kingdom of Cafhmire.

He

at the

fame time difpatched Zein Chan Koka, with

another confiderable detachment againft the Afghans of Jawad

and Bejere.

ment

to rout out the

the Zendeika
felf Pier

feft,

RoOinai.

religion great

who

few days

after his

after

he fent

Man

Singh with

Afghans of Rofhnai,, who were

and followers of an Hindoo, who

This

i^npoftor

had converted

a detach-

idolaters of

called

to his

numbers of the inhabitants of thofe

him-

fyftem of

countries,

death adhered to his fon, and taking up arms,

raifed great dillurbances 4n-

The day

Punjab and Moultan.

uponPwiiich the

i'un

The

king

enters Aries.

being

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

281

being fully informed of the ftrength of the Afghans of Sawad

and Bejoar, fent a reinforcement to Zein Chan.

was notwithftanding defeated, and Chaja Arib

Berbul and Mulluh Seri, with

many

who was

Singh,

met with

better fuccef?

ordered Koor

him

Man

Raja

Buchflii,

acflion.

detached againft the Rodinai- Afghans, Man

he defeated them

The

great flaughter.

Omrah

other perfons of diftinction,

with eight thoufand men, were killed in the

Man

But that

^- ^- 'S^i-

at Kotil

Cheiber with

king returning from Attock to Lahore,

Singh

to

Singh

Roihnai-AfS*^^"'-

proceed to Cabul, and take upon

the government of that kingdom, and at the fame time to

The

chaftize the Afghans.

married

daughter of Rai Singh was

alfo

this year to Sultan Selim.

detached to Caflimire, being re- The army la

'
&
Calhmire ia
by the fnow and rain, as alfo by a fcarcity diftrefs.

which had been

The army
^
^

duced to great

diflrefs

of provifions, were under the neceffity of making a peace with

The

the CaHimirians.

conditions were a tribute of fafFron to

Akbar, and the regulation of the mint, the coin being ftruck in
his

name

hummud

but the king

diflatisfied

with

Cafim Chan, with another army

entirely to his obedience.

this peace,

to reduce that

fent

Ma-

kingdom

This that General eafily accomplifhed,

among

on account of

civil diffentions

that country.

Mirza Soliman, the grandfather of Mirzah Sha-

joch,
Jcing.

came

The

this year

then raging

at

rc-

the chiefs of

from Cabul, and had an interview with the

ambaffador of the king of Turan,

while Akbar was

Cafhmire

Attock, was

much

who came

to court

about the fame time dif-

patched with great prefents to his mafter.

In the year 996,

Jiilal

Afghan began

Vo L.

II.

become formidable,

Diflurbances

among

having defeated and killed Seid

Singh towards Bungifli.

to

The

Hamid

Bochari, and driven

king therefore fent Abdul

Man
Muttalib

the

Afghans,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

zSz
A. P.

ts.S;*.
''''

talib

Chan with an army

who

him,

againft

numbers of

defeat near Cheiber, and cut off great

him

gave

a fignal

the rebels.

Sultan Chufero the fon of Sultan Selim was born this year of

Chiifero born
to Sultan Sc

daughter of Raja Buguandafs, and the king made a great

^^^^

feftival

of

upon the

Mahummud

occafion.

Sadoc Chan, governor

according to the orders he received from court,

Bicker,

Sewan upon the

inveiled the fort of

Sind, and obliged Jan

Beg

prince of Tatta, to acknowledge the king's authority, and to fend

him

Chan was foon

back

after ordered

month of Ribbi

Governors o f

In the

Iwf Chang-

^he government of Cabul, and

ul Sani,

Mahummud

homage,

great prefents and letters of

to Bicker.

Zein Chan Koka w&s appointed

Man

Singh recalled to Lahore.

At the fame time Chan Chanan and Shaw Fatte

dered from Guzcrat
Bicker, for

it

was

as

alfo

Sadoc

Mahummud

maxim with Akbar,

to

Ulla, were or-

Sadoc Chan from

change the governors

of the provinces every three years, to prevent their acquiring

too

much

influence in the countries under their

command, and

to fliow the people that the royal authority prevailed through

Singh was immediately appointed

departments of the empire.

to the

government of Behar, and the

viceroyfliip of Callimire

was conferred upon Seid Eufuph Chan Mufliiddi,

Cafim Chan the former governor being called

hummud

Sadoc was

in

the

mean time

of Sawad and Bajore, and Ifmaiel Chan

recalled a-nd fent to

The

king

goes to Cafh-

Mahummud

to court

fent againft the

who was

Ma-

Afghans

in that country,

Guaerat.

In the year 997, upon the 23d of Jimmad ul Sani, the king
r
let out on a tour to Cafhmire, being captivated with the pmfes
i

jnire,

all

which he had heard of the beauty of

perfon

who had

feen

it.

When

that country, from every

he reached Bimber,

at

the

entrance

THE ttlSTORY OF HINDOSTAT<f

283

entrance of the mountains, he left his army and family behind, a d.

and with a fmall retinue,

kingdom.

Shaw

fet

was greatly

particular affedion for that

The

out to Serinagur the capital of that

Fatte ulla Shirazi

there, and the <king

who accompanied him

afflicted for his death,

Omrah.

beauty of Cafhmire, refolved to proceed to Cabul.

Fatte Gilani, a

man famous

On

for learning,

of the -king's- companions died, and was buried

Akbar having

died

having a

king liavmg gfaiified his fancy with a fight of

Hakim Abul

ijgg.

at

arrived at Attock, detached Shabas

all

the

the AndtoCabul.

way

and one

Haffen Abdal.

Chan

to drive

away the Afghans of Eufoph Zei, who infefted the roads, and
then proceeded, march by ma^ch, to Cabul, I'o that city Ha-

kim

Humam

and Meer Sidder Jehan, who had been fent on an

embalTy to Abdulla Chan, king of Maver

ul

Nere, were juft

returned with an ambalTador on the part of that monarch.

king having remained two months

at

'
-

The

Cabul viewing the gardens

of pleafure, and diftributing juftice and charity among the inhat)itants,

conferred

tTie

government upon

Mahummud

Cafirh

Chan, and on the 20th of Mohirrim 998, returned towards

At Lahore he conferred the government of Guzerat
Lahore.

upon Chan Azim, and ordered him from Malava to prbceecl

thither, while Shab ul Dien Ahmed Chan fucceeded him in his
prefidency.

Chan Azim having arrived at Guzerat, led an aVmy againft

} hit;; u^J
r
Jam, a Zemindar or great power in that provrnce, who m aliiance with Dowlat Chan, the fon of Ami Chan prince of Jionagur
in the Decan, came cut to meet him with twbn'ty thoufand
-TA

/-V

'

'

horfe.

duchfi,

Mahummud

Omrahs of

(harp engagement ehfued

Ilufiein Shech;

diflind:ion in the empire,

o 2

Mahummtid R'trf^ BuAiid Meer 5her# lit ^ifefc'

:

were

killed

on^tM

MSMfide.

Dinurbances
Guzeiat

in

qudkd.

rtE3l9^feW^Y ^If

}^4r

-fide;

'^^'^

?r

aha a gl^at iTiimfb^ 6f!mctt,

WINDOSTAN.
the feneiny loft the eldeft

while-'

of Jame, and that prince'&Vizicr, with four thoufand Rajaputs

ion

on the

many more Rajaputs

ol ^i^bio

in.

VicHiory declafcdf for

of battle.

field

bkiLi

fell in

Oil//

the Moguls,

ami

their flight,

lontavog

lo

,Ji;i5SiJJ

misA nsdJ

Atdutla Chan the Ufbeck, having about this time taken Bu-

Thekinfei'e-

fidcsatLa-

duchflian, and infefted the borders of Cabul,

Akbar

refolved

bore.

up

to take

his relidcnce

for

fome time

from the north.

irruption of Uft>ecks

in

Lahore, feaping an

Mirza Jani governor^of

Sind, nctwithftanding the king's vicinity, and his orders to

ato*rt'w.

'

to repair to court, continued refractory, and prepared for war.

Akbar difpatohed Chan Chanan with many Omrahs of diftincv/a u. a uo isai

tion, -and ia -^ell appointed army againft Jiimv

-av-

."iO.;;^^'

AffairsofMa
lava.

.
,

,?Lnd

Murad

him

died at Malava,

the

He

immediately marched

enemy oppofed him with

refolution,

he died in a few days of his wounds^

Ram

Chund, fubmitted himfelf, and

after

The

Zernindaj's

paying a proper

The prince

^,;PefhcuiIh, .was confirmed in his paternal territories.

^ifpajiched

The

^'biifli^j

from thence, and foon

kins:
o in the

jjpinces of the
'

to the

fo^r tta^es of

jhe Decan.

Ahul

mean time

Decan.

after arrived at

MalaviU

^iooi

fent four ambafladors to the four

Shech Feizi, the brpther pf the learned

Fazil, to Afere and Burhanpoor

^j^medfiaguF > ^eer

hutjiat

he,9;btained the vi(ftory, and drove the rebel tOjthe' WOj^s,

^^*iwhere

king
fends.em-

;o

Shaw Zadda arrived upon the confines of Gualiia, he

Mudkar, a Zemindar of power in thofe parts, di-

the

^tgainft

f>.-it

under the tuition of Iflimaiel Kulli Chan.

Pari,

fturbed the peace of the country.

vjfoft

''v,i'}

was fucceeded by the king's appointment by the Shaw

heard that

j;7^1aft

'

hat

Ahmed Chan

y^^^ 999* Shab ul Dein

o'When
r

jsto***; .rrv")* .itrhi'Tj ^''"7.r -ru'r.'f^rf

^iii

j^^adda *

The

him

Mahummud

Chfija, AniiiQ.

Amin,iMafli^i

u Dei^\,to

*9,,^^^pj0pr,

and

llMidaMaizlii.cMii^^QRd to
het,in formed) <Af

Bagnagurj principally with a defign to

Ajim

fiixcd.-.an;;e)fc eif,.cQnqueft.

Chan Azim governor of Guzerat, who had

every, opportunity

ji

and

^ the

''?^TO-i(' tr

after a fiege

qf Suyan,

'

-,

qi) tli^

merous army, and

Ifene

a.

marched

his

army

of feven months^,,

-..I'l

"

'L':;

Chan Chanan

banks of the Sind.

/'^I'h V

thci

cecan,

to

m^4c
.

li
;

laid fiege to the

ChanChanan

Jani Beg with a nu-

fortofSuvan.

great train of artillery in boats, advanced

hundred boats

ones mounted with

river

invades

i-A

him, and having arrived within feven crores of the place,

againft

he

capital 3ind,ftllat,s idcj^fldmcies.^

In the CQijrfe of the fame year

.^Jfprt

of enlarging his province, hearing that Uovv-

iiedi^e. that, country,

mid

orders to feize Chan AzIm

liitcChan -priqce of.Jionagur was dead,

^^^ql)f cia^S^^

which he had

the ftate of thofe countries, upon

Higf/^^^^o-

full

fvvivels,

of armed men, and forty larger

to

^'

annoy the befiegcrs from the

but Chan Chanan having armed twenty-five boats, fent

ajlhem againft

and having killed about two

this fleet in the night,

-ihundred of the enemy, put the

after this defeat,

reft to flight.

with his whole

fleet,

Mirza Jani Beg

advanced to the place,

and in the month of Mohirrim in the year looo, landed on a

ipot'-of

ground, which was furroundcd by

which

part of the river ran

his poft againft

- -feis

v^ater,

muddy

Moguls, that
c

.Uvi

tllii

-in

Here he maintained

Chan Chanan, and keeping

was well fupplied, while he

JV'-iiv

-i'.j-:

yJi-i-i

/.U

to this perilous fituatiort,

obliged to leave a part of his

army before the

march towards Tatta with the

reft.

Soon

to the

camp.

a great dearth foon enfued in their

Chan Chanan reduced

LiU^.

'2*.

found himfelf The

place,

and to

after his depftrture,

Mirza Jani attacked the detachment Y^hich was

L.:;;

channel,

methods to prevent provifions from coming

fi*ch

aiij 03

high.

the attempts of

communication open by

took

li-H.u

all

when

left to carry orj

the

Mogul*

^^^^q^^'^j,

iS6

r.

A. D. 1591.
Higer.

the

H E lis t 0^ ^

fico-ei'

biSt

they

defefiiibd

\)

1^

MS

tlremfdfe

foWs f A^lT.

LBS

Kll 1Dov(^kt Chtin

ceo,

joined

them

fr6!n the mkirt afrnV, 'whil^i V^iljy that time zt thd

diftance of eighty crores,'

So expeditious was

TS'ith

ii*>d4' ^i!i*pon

the eighty crores in

two

days.

Chan Chanan

up on one

him on

fide,

^^bnfiderable reinforcement.

this o'^tafion,

in the

mean

tim'C'

lines for his further

returned, and fliut

while Dowlat Chan Lodiin

the other.

He

that he marched

Mirza Jani was then obliged

and throw up

to retreat to a ftrong poft,

fccurity.

'a

manner

him

blockiid'ed

-was therefore reduced in turn to-'thb

extremity of eating his cavalry and beads of burthen, for wafl4

The enemy
iubmic.

^f provifions.

This

and having given

his

obliged Mirza Jani to fue for peace,

diftrefs

daughter in marriage to Mirza Erich, Chan

Chanan's eldeft fon, he prepared to fet out for cdmrt to make

his fubmiffion to the king in perfon, as foon as the rains fhould

be over.

SECTION
The

VJI.

Hiftory of the Reign of Akbar, from

001 IfiDY
the Yeafj

1000, to his Death.

RebeUionin

QEID EUSOPH CHAN

Caflimire.
mire.

orders, left his brother

fented himfelf at court.

had about

this

Mirza Eadgar

Mirza Eadgar

at

irfj

lo

time by the king's

CaQimirc, and prc-

in the

mean time mar-

ried the daughter of one of the princes of Cafhmire,

and by

the advice of the chiefs of that country, exalted the ftandard of

rebellion,

and read the Chutba in his own name.

To

fupport

him in his ufurpation, he raifed a great army ; and Cafi Alii

Meer the Dewan of the country, Huffein Beg and Shech Omri
Buduchflii

HISTORY OF HIND O STAN.

who were

Buduchfhi,

the king, levied

colledors of the revenues on the part of A. D.

1591.
Higer. looo.

what troops they could upon

gave the rebels battle: but Cafi Alii was

the

Mogul Omrahs

287

this occafion,

(lain

and the

and

reft

qf

driven out of Caflimire.

b.-

The king

receiving advices of this rebellion, nominated Shech

That Gene-

Ferid Buchihi to carry on the war in thofe parts.

ral

which

is

^^^'^'^^

forthwith marched with a confiderable army towards Cafh-

Mirza Eadgar

mire.

as

the

Mogul advanced came out

meet

to

him, but upon the night before the expedted engagement, Mirza

Eadgar was treacheroufly attacked by Sharoch Beg and Ibrahim

Kakor, two of his

own

was murdered, and

his

army was

and flying naked out of his tent

chiefs,

head fent to Shech Ferid.

The

rebel

and Cafhmire reduced without further

difperfed,

trouble.

king foon after made a fecond tour to that delightful The king

The

country, where he fpent forty days in rural amufcments.

He

tTcafhmir"

conferred the government of Cafhmire upon Seid Eufoph Chan,

and turning towards Rhotas, he was met in that place in the

year looi, by

Chanan

\vas

Mirza Jani and Chan Chanan from Tatta.

immediately ranked with the Sihazaris or

of three thoufand, w^hich was

his

at that

government of Sind reduced

to the

Chan
Omrahs

time a high dignity, and

form of

a province

of the

empire.

Chan Azim was

kar, a

this year obliged to take the field againft

powerful Zemindar of Guzerat,

Sultan Muziffer.

He

who

Kin-

gave proteiftion to

obliged the Zemind-^T to deliver

him up

and that unfortunate prince, wearied out With adverfity, put 'art

end

to his

prifoner to

own

life

with a razor,

as

MuzifTerof

'

they were carrying

him

Ahmedabad.
Raja

Ja'j^en'^i'nTg"*
^iimieU".

THE HISTOTvY OF HINDOSTAN.

283

Raja

A. D. 1592.
Higer. 1001.

Bengal

Man

Singh led

aga'.nft

in

CuUulu

the courfc of this year the troops in

the Afghan, and defeating him,

reduced

Orifla re-

duced.

the province of Orifla, and fent one hundred and

all

twenty

elephants which he had taken to the king.

Priace Murad
appointed to
the governmenc of Gu?crat.

Chan Azim being called

to court to give

fome account of his

adminiftration in Guzerat, did not chufe to rifque the enquiry,

but putting his fiimily and wealth on board fome fhips,

for

The king

Mecca.

ture, ordered the prince

and appointed Sadoc

public

having received advices of Azim's depar-

Murad from Malava

Mahummud

under him.

affairs

Chan, abfolute manager of

Mirza Sharoch was

he releafed Shabas Chan Cumbo,

^ears in prifon, and appointed

Sometime before

him

government,

to that

time appointed to the government of Malava,

place, and

failed

in

in the

the

mean

Shawzadda's

who had

lain fix

his minifter.

this period, the fe6t

of Ro/hnai-Afgha:>s had

^gain begun to raife diftorbances about Cheiber, but they were

defeated by

with the

Mirza

title

Jaffer Kifvini,

who had

of Afaph Chan, and

Jtheir

been lately honored

chief

Jellali,

and his

brothers, taken and fent prifoners to court.

The

king

rj)oJi"hep'nn-

cesoftheDecan

The

ambalTadors which the king had difpatphed to the Deean,

having about
pQ^^jg
try.

and

were

The

this

time returned, brought advices that their pro-

reje(fted

with contempt by the princes of that coun*-

king therefore refolved to reduce them to obedience,

for that purpofe ordered prince Danial,

with a great army towards the Decan

in the year 1002,

but before Danial had

reached Sultanpoor, the king changed his mind and recalled him,
giving the

command

of the fame army to Chan Chan an, with

orders to proceed.

Mirz4

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

Mirza Ruftum prince of Candahar,
difficulties "by

hisGwn

A. D.

beinp: driven this year to

1595*

brothers arid the Ufoecks-, carrie to court

and prefented the king with the

fort

of Candahar, for

-vi^hicn

he

had the government of Moultan conferred upon nini and wisranked among the Omr^ihs of the empire.:

Chan Chanan-irt'^he mean time having' arrived at Mindif, Blirhan Shaw fent Anadt Chan with profeffions of crrttre fubmiflion,
bat falling' fick at the fame time, he died m- the ^eac 1-003. His

Tiie

army

Moguf
enter*.

that coaoirj^i:

.u

iv:

fon Ibrahini fucceedingliim' in tlie'-kingdom 6f Bei-ar, wds^4ille'et

fboh' after in

battle againit Adil

up Ahmed,

his Vizier, fet

ul

Muluck, upon the throne

Shaw.

Miah Munjii-Jan Beg

young child of the family of Nizahi

but the Omrahs diffehted from th&

meafure, rebelled againft him, and befieged Miah Munjii'iTi Ah'-

The

mednagiir.

vizier- finding

himfelf

dri\^fen to dlftref*,

fent a

Prince

Muraa

invited to Ah'

Ahmedabad with an ambafly to the prince Murad,

inviting him to come to his afliftance, and he would put him in
Murad having at that time feceiv'ed' orders
|)lofieffion ff the fort:
fidiii his father to march into the Decan, with the army ffoih
perfon to

Guzerat, gladly embraced this propofal, and

When Chan

expedition.

time idle

at

out with "great

Chanan, who had been lying

Mandu, heard

beftir himfelf,

ftt

and with his

all this

of the prince's march," he" began to

own army and

thofe of

Mirza Sha-

roch governor of Malava, Shabas Chan Cumbo, Raja Jaggernot,

Raja Durga, Raja

Decan, and on
'dez, to join

Ram Chund,

his

and others, marched towards the

way induced Raja

him with

fix

Alii

thoufahd horfe.

;ms force with that of prince

Murad

at

Chan prince qC Chan;-

He

foon after joined.

Callenich on the borders

of the Decan, and this numerous army, march by march, con5

tinued

its

Vol.

rout to

II.

Amednagur^

Pp

mcdnagur..

Miah.

Miah Muju had by

A. D. 1594-

time quelled the Rebellion, and

this

pentcd of his having called the prince

Ahinednagur
bcfjegtd by
the Mjguh..

flore of provifions in the place,

Chand

Dient of

re-*

he therefore

and committed

Bibi, the daughter of HulTein

it

laid in

to the

Nizam

ul

govern-

Muluck,

with a ftrong garrifon, and retreated himfelf with the remainder

of his army and a large train of

of Adil Shaw's dominions.

Ahmednagur

flege to

batteries,

ere<3:i ng

Prince

in the

employed themfelves

artillery,

Murad and Chan Chanan

month of Ribbi

in carrying

towards the borders

ul Sani

1004: they

on approaches, raifmg mounts,

and finking mines

while Chand Bibi defended

the place with a manly refolution, and wrote to Adil

afliftance.
five

At

the

Shaw

for

the end of three months, the befieged had carried

mines under the wall and baftions

twQpf

laid

the befiegers deftroyed

nim9Siifo^iCp,Hfttpi:-;?>}fte?jy,a^

to fearch for

the othprs^^j^ij,

J5ravery of
he gnjiilon.

The

prince upon the

alTault,

jfet

fire

mines taking
the

of Regib, having prepared for the

the trains, upon which the three charged

to

blew up

efi^cft,

Moguls waited

firft

fifty

in expedlation

yards of the wall

when

but

of blowing up two mines, the

befieged recovered from their furprize, and defended the breach

The

with great bravery.

at their

head, and gave orders with fuch prudence and

that the

afi^ailantg

heroine flood
filled

come

all

up before

In the

night by the

iia^,

the biHeged.

workmen, and

the

the breach was

with wood, ftones, earth, and dead bodies.

mean time

to a

treaty with

fpirit,

were beat off in their repeated attempts

-"3 !5rr?'^/> r{)r>n'-i '1i

The Moguls

valiant female leader appeared veil'd,

it

Lrrc noil'

was rumoured abroad, that Joheil Chan,

Shaw was upon his march in conjuncof Nizam ul Muluck, with an army of

the chief eunuch of Adil

tion with the forces

ieventy thoufand horfe, to raifc the fiege; there being at the

fame

TH

T O R Y OF yi ft fe'(?S ^i^-

rS

Mogul campV the- prince-

a fcarcity of provifions in the

!&me time

and Chan Chanan. thought

the hefieged.

was

It

it

ftipulated

Ahmednagur ancf its

the name of 'Bahader^
''^^ ^niij.

grandfon of Burhan Shaw.

.TO

beinp;

the prince and

ratified,,

marched towards

Berar,.

-j'-^JI*

to o- n

by Chand Bibi, that the prince

dependencies, fhould remain with her in

Thefe terms

^^^^

advifeable to aVter into' treaty "witli-

(hould keep poffeffion of Berar, and that

tiie

29i'

The

Chan Chanan;

fiege is-

raifed.

and repairing the town of Shapoor,

near Battapoor, took up their cantonments in tHat

The.

p'tace.

prince efpoufed herewith great magnificence the daughter of

Bahader, the fon of Raja Alii Chan, and divided the province of
Eerar

among

tijne difgufted
left

Omrahs.

his

Shabas Chan

Cumbo

being about

with fome indignities offered him by

Murad with

all

this-

the'pi'ince,

and marched without, leave

his forces,

to-

to Malava.

Chand

Bahader, the
finian,

advice of

and

of

The

and other chiefs, took up the reins of government,,which'

he was too weak

Berar,

command

Ahmednagur tcr
grandfon of Burhan Shaw, Abeck Chan an Abyf*

Bibi having refigned her

Chand

to expel

Mahummud

to hold

Bibi,

with

marched with

the prince.

and contrary

fleadinefs,
fifty

to the-

thoufand'horfe tow^ards

Chan Chanan

leaving the prince

Jadoe Chan in Shapoor, marched with twenty.'

thoufand horfe to oppofe the enemy on the banks of a river

that country, called the

form himfelf of the

Gang. Having

fituation

ftopt for

fome days

to

irr

in*-

and llrength of the enemy, he forded

the river and drew up on the oppofite bank; on the iyth of

Jimmad

ul Sani

1005.

Joheil

Chan who conirnanded -the

cours fent by Adil Shaw, taking the chief

before the Moguls, the troops of

thofe of Cuttub ul

Muluck on

Nizam

the

Pp

2.

left>

ul

fuc--

command, drew

Muluck on

and his

awn

up^-^

the right,

in-the- cen-^tfr.

troops of

^y^^^^lf^r,

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

tqr.

lle then advanced, carrying in his face the infolence of his

own

prowefs, mixed with a contempt for the enemy.

Chan Chanan poflcd himfelf in the center to

Raja Alii Chan and Raja Ram Chund being at
body of Herawils

intrepidity

on the

fide

The

They were however

of

charge

of the Moguls, that

they broke through the Herawils of the enemy, and

Joheil Chan.

the head of a

in his front, to begin the attack.

was made with fuch

him

leceive

fell

upon

repuLCid by a hea,vy difcharge

fmall arms and rockets, 'which did great execution

artillery,

particularly

among

the Rajaputs and

ilie

who

troops of Chandez,

advanced under Raja Alii Chan and Raja

Ram

Chund.

Both

thofe chkfs: were killed, with above three tlloufand of their horfe.

The

center being broke, the Ufbecks and

wing gave way

field

on that

Chan remained mafler

but Chan Chanan, who had fliifted his

alfo,

fide

Moguls on the

and Joheil

the right during the adion, had

made an

left

of the
pofl;

to

impreffion there, and

w^s purfuing the enemy, without knowing what had happened

on the

Chan

left.

Night

in

the

mean time coming

on,

equally ignorant of what had happened on his

he had gained a complete vidlory

felf, as it

left,

thought

he however contented him-

was now dark, with^ keeping

poffeffion of the field,

permitted his troops to plunder the baggage.

plunder, half of his

army

of fecurity.

Chan with the remainder

Joheil

and Joheil

To

and

fecure their

deferred to lodge their fpoils in places

fat in

the dark,

without knowing v/hither to proceed.

Chan Chanan
fell in

that

in the

mean time

with Joheil Cijan's

General,

tej-mined

to

artillery,

and thinking the

remain there

returning from the purfuit,

till

within a fmall diflance of

enemy

routed,

de-

morning with the few

that

entirely

continued with him, for by far the greater part of his army
thinking

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

thinking themfelves defeated, had fled

troops began to light up

fires

being informed alfo by his

The Mo<^ul

General

enemy was

that the

fpies,

neighbourhood, he ordered fome pieces of

artillery to

his

in

be loaded

among them, which threw them into great confufion.

Chan immediately ordered all the fires to be extinguiQied,

fired

Joheil

and

Joheil Chan's

and flambeaus where they ftood,

havine heard that Chan Chanan was near.

and

fpeed to Shapoor.

full

in this perplexing fituation,

While things were

293

fliifting his

ground, fent fcouts

round

all

to colled fuch

were difperfed over the plain and

his troops as

of

in the adjacent

villages.

In the mean time Chan Chanan blew his trumpets and beat
to arms, according to his manner,

were difperfed over the

his troops as

him

which being heard by fuch of

in fmall detachments.

others of the

enemy

in the dark,

they fought and formed fuch

is

while Allah! Allah! refounded from

upon the

exalted his beams, Joheil

more

When

marching towards the

Though

horfe.

the day

army of

the

did not exceed four thoufand, he determined once

The

battle

but Joheil

valor,

funk

horfe.

to

mafter of a bloody

after exhibiting

his dependants

the mofl: daring ails of

him

bore

cuftom followed him, and

field.

fue the run-a-ways,

joined with redoubled fury on both

under fatigue and wounds, and

body of

refi:

now

Chan

at laft

army according

and the

dawn.

feen

and every eye was

difpute the field, and formed his line to oppofe the

to

enemy.
fides,

all fides,

Chan was

Moguls with twelve thoufand

Chan Chanan

not eafy to be defcribed

in expedlation of the

eafl:

Moguls meeting with

Several of the

a fcene of horror and confufion, as

fixed

they haftened towards

field,

Chan Chanan

in

fell

from

his

inftantly off : his

left

Chan Chanar

no condition

returned to Shapoor, to join

to pur-

thfei

prince

of his army.

Akbar

Hig^*. ',005.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTArvT.

about 'this time 'received advice of the death of

oi Aiihar! li iwrng
Cl"Kiii

iioiji

ing;

the

ill

thdUfbeck, who had long threatened an invdHort

returned in fcGurity froHi Lahore to Agra.

aiGrtlii

tliat-fcityi

heard of Ohan Chanan's vidtory, he

Hav-

fferiti'hiHi^W

qhelat andia fine horie/as mark<? (^^'his'f ^rt^t(^llkiIfS^bk^'^^^Pj^^'iP^

vatc

had long

animofities

fubfille'd

betwceiii"tl6'J^J)^iiicj^'"^hdi.

Chan Chanan, which being, much inflamed by the intrigires of'

IVIahummud Chan, now role, to a dangerous height ; the- kiilg
'

therefore thought
ChsnCWanan bc difpatched

imprudent

it

to leave

them

long^f-' t^o^tliet

Shech Eufoph Chan Mulhaddi

recalled

Sh^cK'Abu^
11*
Chan

a:nd

razil * to the prmce, and in the year 1006^ recalled

court.

nan

Cha-'

But though the whole mifunderftanding

to the prefence.

bad plainly fprung from the prince's froward and jealous difpopofition, the king's refentment fell

remained a long time

Tranfaaions
inBeiar.

i?rince

duced the

forts

he?

difgrace.

Eufoph Chan, and Seid Abul

Seid

time

re-.

of Narnalla, Kavilc, Kerlah, and others, in

thej

Mprad province of Berar

the

in,

upon that great man, and

but the prince

Fazil, in a fliort

Murad

month of Shawal 1007, and was

falling

fick,

died

in^

buried in Shapoor^.

firfi:

but by the king's orders the body was afterwards removed

Agra^ and

laid

by the

of his grandfather Humaioon.

fide

king's grief for the death of his fon, inftead of extingtiiiliing

defire of.

conquering the Decan, only SnMrned

mind from

Nizam

Muluck having gained fome

Sliere

ul

Chaja one of the king's Omrahs,

of Bere, and befieged

Abul Fazil were

tk\ey durfl:

fo

him

much

hifj^

the, more,

In the mean time the Om'rahs

divert his

forrow.

it

flight advantages^

who

Seid

in his fort.

inferior to the

pofl^efl*ed

in

to',

of,

defeated

the country,

Eufoph Chan

enemy

to*

The:

"

and,'.

number, that

not venture, upon an engagement.

*

The

celebrated hiflorian.

The.

HiNDOSTAN.

JIJ? ^HISTORY OF
The king alarmed

at this

He

then difpatched

to
_'J9-

Begum
him with

for his fon Danial

favor, and required his daughter Jana

in marriage.

Chan Chanan

reftored

difafter,

295

that prince, and a

well appointed army, to carry on the war in the Decan, and

moved

the Imperial ftandard that

way

in the

008 of the Higera>

chanChanaa
['^"'^fcTp!
f^" JJ] i^^J^'j^^

king,

Shaw Zadda, Sultan

Danial and Chan Chanan^

leaving his dominions under the charge of the

In the mean time the prince

Selim,

entered theDecarj, and

Bahader, the fon of Raja Alii Chan, wii'

as

not found like his father, firm to his allegiance, and had (hut
himfelf up in Afere, they halted upon the banks of the Gang,
near Pattan, and endeavored to perfuade

him

over to their inte-

ju.nr

mean time the king had reached Mindu, and dif*

patched orders to them to proceed to Ahmednagur, and inveil^
In the

reft.

th^t^fprt ^^i^^^^^j ljp himfelf

The
thirty

prince and

thoufand

horfe

the Moguls to

towards Ahmednagur.

invefl:

to bring over Bahader

by

terms.

Akbar

Omrahs

to befiege Afere,

place.

Afef>in/hiis,: W:ayw

Chan Chanan accordingly marched with about

Buchfi and other Omrahs of

left

would take up

therefore

the Decan, fled

the place.
fair

The

Abhing Chan

from that

king

firfl:

city,

endeavored

means, but he would not

marched
which

to

and

liften to

Burhanpoor, and fent hia

lay only three crorej frcmi that

After the fiege had continued a confiderable time, the

on account of the number of troops wh/ch were

it, became very unhealthy.
This occafioned a

air in the place

cooped up
peftilence

in

which fweeped the Hindoos

Bahader, though he had

ftill

off in great

numberk,

troops fufficient for the defence of

the place, as well as a large magazine of warlike ftores, and provifions in

his mind.

abundance, permitted defpair to

flain the current

<i)

of

X^^^^'

chanaa
i)anial"inve(l

Ahmednaour.

mlVlwnnS

THE HISTORY OF HIND OS TAN.

29^
A. D. 1600.
1009.

The

of

fiege

Ahmednagur was

in the

mean time

If'.jicr.

Ahmednagur
uK.n.

^^'^^^^

^y.^s

at

The

city

length carried by a ftratagem, executed by Chaja Abul

HufTein Turbutti. This

in the hiftory of the

we

after,

fliall

was furrendered

with

to the

king

there, for

the wealth of

all

relate

minutely

taken in the

the ftrong fortrefs of Afere,

which had been accumulating

bar's hands,

have occafion to

Ahmednagur was

Decan.

beginning of the year 1009

months

carried 011

by Chan Chanan and the prince.

S^'^^^ ^igov,

foms

an immenfe treafure

many

ages, fell into

Ak-

Ahmednagur.

Ibrahim Adil Shaw king of Bijapoor, one of the four princi-

Partofthc

paiities

luits!"

of the Decan, having folicited peace and paid homage,

who demanded

reconciled the king,

for his Ton Danial.

Jummal

Adil's daughter in marriage

Huffein Anjou was accordingly dif-

patched to bring the bride and Pefhcuifh from Bijanagur.

The

king reduced Afere, Birhanpoor, Ahmednagur, and Berar, into

the form of a province, and conferred the government upon
nial,

under the tuition and direction of Chan Chanan.

after thefe tranfadlions returned in

and in the year loi

i,

triumph

Da-

The king

to the city of

Agra

annexed his acquifitions in the Decan,

to*

his other royal titles in a proclamation.

Death

orf tne

hiiiorianAbul

Akbar having
o

in the courfe of the /year 10 11,' recalled

Sheck

Abul Fazil from the Decan, that great man was unfortunately
attacked near Narwar, by a body of banditti of Orcha Rajaputs,

who

cut

him

off

with a part of his retinue, merely to rob him

of his wealth, and not

been malicioufly and

at the inftigation

falfely reported

of prince Danial, as has

by fome writers.

In the 1013 of the Higera, ljummal HufTein Anjou

been difpatched

to

Bijapoor,

who had

returned with the royal bride,,

and

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

He

and the ftipulated tribute.

delivered the younp;

o Sultana to
y

Gang

Danial, upon the banks of the

were celebrated with great pomp and magnificence-

fein

Anjou the embaffador,

Upon

the

firft

at

after the

ceremony was

Huf-^

over, pro-

Agra.

of Zehidge of the year 1013, the prince Danial

His death and

died of a debauch in the city of Burhanpoor.

the manner of

fo

it

much

affevfled

upon the 13th of Jemmad

who was

the king,

declining ftate of health, that he every day

that world through

^' ^- '6"4Higcr. 1013.

near Pattan, where the nup-

tials

ceeded to the king

297

in a

became worfe,

till

Sani in the year 10 14, he left

ul

which he moved with

fo

mux:h

Prince Danial
'^'^'*

Akbardlei.

luftre, after

having reigned fifty-one years, and fome months.

Mahummud

a prince

endued with many Hiining

His generofity was great, and his clemency without

virtues.

bounds

Akbar was

this latter virtue

prudence, and in

which he owed

many

he often carried beyond the bounds of

inftances pall the limits of that juftice

to the ftate

but his daring

fpirit

made

this

noble error feem to proceed from a generous difpofition, and

not from an effeminate weaknefs of mind.

His charadler
tizan, than

as

a warrior was rather that of an intrepid par-

of a great general

he expofed his perfon with

unpardonable rafhnefs, and often attempted capital points without ufing that power which

at

the time he poffefTed.

But

fortune and a daring foul fupplied the place of conduifl in

bar

he brought about

caution would take

at

much

Ak-

once by defperate means, what calm

time to accomplifh.

flance fpread the terror of the

name of

this fon

This circuniof true glory fo

wide, that Hindoftan, ever fubjeft to the convuliions of rebellion,

became

Vol.

II.

fettled

and calm in his prefence.

Q^q

He

raifed a wall

of

Hischaradier.

THE HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN.

of difciplined valor * againft the powers of the north, and by his

own

\r

adivity infpired his

He

Omrahs with

enterprize.

rr
loved glory to excefs, and thirfted after a reputation for

perfonal valor

he encouraged learning with ihe bounty of

kings, and delighted in hiftory,

fovereigns.

As

his

to perform adlions

warm

which

is

in truth the fchool of

and adtive difpofition prompted him

worthy of the divine pen of the poet,

fo he:

In

fhort,

Hvas particularly fond of heroic compofitions in verfe.

the faults of Akbar were virtues carried to extremes

and

if he.

fometimes did things beneath the dignity of a great king, he

never did any thing unworthy of a good man.

Soldieri.

'"^APPENDIX*

HISTORY
O F T H E

MOGUL EMPIRE,
FROM
Shaw,

Mahummud

pendence.

The

Mahummud

to the Prefent Times.

E C

General Obfervations.

Empire.

Reign of

in the

It3 decline,

Shaw.

O N

The

I.

Succeflion, from Aicbar to

The growing

Imbecillity of the

Governors of the Provinces alTume Inde-

Their Intrigues

Invafion of

at the

Court of Delhi.-

Nadir Shaw.

MAHUMMUD CASIM FERISHTA,

the

preceding hiftory,

finifhes

his

account of the

kings of Delhi with the death of Akbar.

lator

is ftill

in

the author of

The

tranf-

hopes of being able to procure original and au-

thentic hiftories of the empire of Hindoftan, from that period

down to the prefent times.

Vol. II. appendix.

He,

*A

therefore, will not break in

upon

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

upon

fomc time

his defign of giving,

or other, to the pubHc,

complete hiftory of the reigns of the pofterity of Timur in

j.

Indir:,

by rctaihng the very imperfe(5t accounts ahxady publiflied

in

Europe.

But
and

as,

to tranflate

difliculty,

his

from the Perfian language

'

attempt in that waj.

to acquit hlmfelf^ in

he

will,

men

he

If

fliall

fome degree,

in prudence,

of greater

tafic

of labor

engaging further, in works of this kind, will

depend entirely upon the reception the public

lirft

is

lay

abilities,

find that

give to his

fliall

he

not capable

is

to the fluisfadlion of the world,

down his pen ; and leave that field to

who may hereafter turn their thoughts

to the fubjedt.

The

tranfaAions of the court of Delhi,

Nadir Shaw, are very

little

known

in the

fince the invafion of

They have

Weft.

even in Afia, been hitherto committed to writing;

Mogul empire

prefent confufions of the

probable the

memory of them

material events,

which happened

to

fadts,

in his hands,

concerning

fix

Shaw

and

as to the reft,

in the empire,

from

fmce the

He

he principally follows a

him

now

in writing,

fliort flcetch

by

of

his intimate

mogul.

continue the line of connection, between the preceding

and the reign of

throne of t)elhi

may

derives his

Mahummud

friend the Rai Raian, fecretary of ftate to the prefent

hiftory

memo-

a Perfian manufcript,

years of the reign of

the affairs of the empire, given to

To

who were

throw together the moft

rable irruption of the Perfians, in the year 1738.

fome of the

it is

This confideration has induced

hifl:ory,

authority, for

the

if

long continue,

will die with thofe

principally concerned in them.

the tranflator of Feriflita's

fliall

and

not,

when

Mahummud

Shaw, who

the invafion of Nadir

fat

upon the

Shaw happened,

it

not be ihiproper, juft to mention the fucceflion of the kings,

from

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
from Akbar

to that period.

It is neceffary to

obferve/ that, after

confulting the mofl; authentic Perfian hiftories, the author of this

account finds himfelf obliged to differ from

writers,

who

with regard to the du-

the death of Akbar, his fon Selim afcended the throne,

upon Thurfday the 20th of Jemmad

in Agra,

He, upon

10 14 year of the Higera.

title

fubje(5l,

moft of the reigns.

ration of

Upon

have treated on the

the European

all

ul Sani,

in the

his acceffion, alTumed the

of Jehangire, and reigned twenty-two years, nine months,

and twenty days, with

much more

could have been expedted of fo

reputation and fuccefs than

weak

pened upon Sunday the 28th of

a prince.

His death hap-

in the

1037 year of the

SilTer,

Higera.

Sultan Kurrum,

the third fon of Jehangire,

Jemmad

throne at Agra, upon the 8th of

1037, and, under the

years,

three months,

title

and

ment of his

firft

Allumgire

who

dated the

commence-

of Ramzan, in the 1069 of the

Aurungzebe, upon his

Higera.

in the year

Shaw Jehan, reigned thirty-two

twenty days. He was depofed by his

from the

reign,

the

of

the famous Aurungzebe,

third fon,

ul Sani,

mounted

acceffion,

took the

name of

*.

Allumgire,

twenty-eight days, died, in a

in the Decan,

two months, and

very advanced age, at Ahmednagur,

having reigned

fifty

years,

upon Friday the 28th of Zicada,

in the 11 19 of

the Higera.

* Though Shaw Jehan was confined during the time

Dara Shekoh, Sultan Suja, Aurungzebe, and Morad

crown, yet

as

the year 1069,

Aurungzebe

we have

his

four rebellious fens,

Bukfli,

contended for the

prevailed over his brothers, and dated his reign from

included the time of the civil wars in the reign of his

father,

*A

Mahummuci

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

^

"Mahummud Mauzim,

Aurungzebe's fecond fon,

under the

his father in the throne,

He

died,

a ihort reign of four years and eleven months,

after

and was fucceeded by his eldeft fon,

Moaz

Bahadar Shaw.

of

title

ul Dien,

eighteen months.

under the

Some

title

of

Moaz

ul

Dien.

Jehandar Shaw,
him

writers do not include

ceffion of kings, as the fucceeding emperor,

'

fucceeded

reigned

in the fuc-

Azim

the fon of

ul

Shaw, the fecond fon of Bahadar Shaw, under the name of Firrochfercr dated his reign from the death of his grandfather.

FiRROCHSERE, accordiug

He was

years.

to his

own

computation, reigned

blinded, and afterwards put to death, by the

%Eri>^', ttpon the

12th of

Jammad

ul

Sani, in the 11

fix

two

30 of the

Higera.

Raffeih ul Dirjat,
'^fon

the fon of RafFeih ul Shaw, the third

of Bahadar Shaw, was raifed to the throne, by the ambitious

Seids

and

after a

nominal reign of three months, was put

death by the fame fadrion, by whofe

crown.- His brother Raffeih ul

%ut he

interert:

to

he had obtained the

Dowlat

fucceeded himi

died in a few days.

Mahummud Shaw,
Bahadar Shaw, acceded

the fon of Jehan Shaw, and grandfon of

to the throne of Delhi,

<Shawal of the year 1130 of the Higera.

-'having rid himfelf of the

Chan, who had

fo

two

in the

month of

Mahummud Shaw,

Seids, Abdalla

Chan, and Haflen

long tyrannized in the empire, raifing and de-

rpofing kings at pleafure, gave himfelf wholly up to indolence,

and the enervating pleafures of theHaram.

Mahummud's

acceffion, occafioned principally

of the Seids, gave

under which

it

The diftraftions,

the-firfl:

mortal

wound

has ever fince languifhed.

before

by the ambition

to the

Mogul

empire,

Moft of the Omrahs,

either

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
'either envying or

dreading the power of the Seids,

formed

ambitious fchemes of independence in their refpeftive provinces,

which the aparent

debility of the

regal authority very

much

favored.

Cuttulich Chkn, who, as

provinces

of

Decan,

the

Mahummud,

Nizam

ul

muluck, commanded

being fenfible of the

all

the

weaknefs

of

maintained a great ftanding army, under a pretence

of keeping the unfubdued Hindoo Rajas and Mahrattor * chiefs

But the

in awe.

real defign

Nizam

pendent kingdom for the

Bemeni had done

To

facilitate

in the reign of

his

in the

Though

neighbouring Rajas.

in the Decan,

Tuglick Shaw

ambitious views,

began to extend his power

of this force was to found an inde-

-f*.

Nizam

ul

muluck

the revenues of his government

muft have been very confiderably increafed by thefe conquefts,

the empire, he encouraged, or at
to

HalTen Caco

Decan, by the reduction of the

he remitted none to the Delhi; and,

the

as

make

at the

leaft,

fame time,

to

weaken

permitted the Mahrattors

hoftile incurfions into the interior provinces.

regular marauders

ravaged the kingdoms of Malava,

Biana and Ajmere,

in fuch a

Thefe

ir-

Narvar,

manner, that no revenues could be

paid by the unfortunate inhabitants.

The weak Mahummud,

inftead of checking this infolence

by

the fword, difgraced the dignity of the houfe of Timur,

fubmitting to

become,

banditti.

He

in a

by
manner, tributary to thefe defpicable

agreed to pay them the Chout, or fourth part of

the revenues of thofe provinces,

* Thefe are they,

who

are

known

which had been

in Europe,

fubjedt to their

under the disfigured name of

'Marattoes.

f This HalTen Caco mounted the ^rong ^t Kilbirga in the Decan, whi^h cjity
he called from himfelf, Hafren-abad,:.upon the 24th of Rihbi ul Achir, ia the

74$ of the Higera.

He

aflumed the

title

of fultan Alia ul Dien.

depre-

.HI-STORY

depredations.

From

we may'

the

dat<i

T:H:g

ffse^LiNj:

pufiUanimous conduct of

this

decline of the

irretrievable

That opinion, wfhich

now

o^"

was

and each petty chieftain began to

ftart

government- in

had nothing to fear from a government which

into a prince, as he

had betrayed-fueh evident fymptoms of

nChan'Dowrffn Siamf^im

Omrah,

Mogul empire.

eveiy. country,

fivpports

deftroyed in India;

Mahummud,

ul

Dowla

timidity,

was,

this time.

at

ol'-captain-'general of the empire.

commander

-paymafter-general -and

As

Amir

the offices of

in chief off the troops arc

vinjudicioufly joined in oneperfon, in Hindoftan,rChan

Dowran had

fuch an influence in the ftate,_that he engrolTed to himfelf

niinifterial

government

.the
.

loo

He

power.
to

left, in fhort,

all

the

nothing but their names in

the king and his vizier,

Kimmir

Dien Chan.

ul

<aiilY/

Chari 'Dowran was

ihtrigu-ing -difpofition
<v4in,

ul

at the

in ^public,

refolved

as

upon

artful,

affuming

appearance

in

infmuating; of an adlive and

no

fam time, he direded everything.

by the

king's orders,

As the

in private.

of thinking,

taverfe to the trouble

:^Omrah,

lly,

who was

He

executed,

whatever he himfelf had

indolent

Mahummud

was even

the fuggeftions of this artful

of plauHbility,

full

authority,

and prompt to execute

whatever he advifed, were always grateful

to the royal ear.

The

though perfonally brave, permitted his mafter's

authority to be daily infulted by delpicable enemies.
He forefaw
captain-general,

that to take the

end

field,

to his influence over

of Mahummud was
-to

without the king, would probably put an

fickle

any thing, by every

for

he knew that the

and inconftant j and apt

artful perfon near

Dowran made many

.

him ;

him.

to

difpofition

be fwayed'

a ot m^iU

unfuccefsful attempts to perfuade

li;q

Ma-

\hummud

to

accompany him

'was not

to

be removed from the luxurious indolence of the

to the field.

The difiblute monarch

"

palace.

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
aricM

The

palace.
inroads.

'.

to jjh

Mahrattors,

They

by the way of Ajmere and

tions to the very gates of

The

time,

continued their

.They ravaged the province of Guzerat, and

the Chottt as far a3 the Indus.

r?vci^,

mean

in the

captain-general,

Agrar

returned back from that

and Ipread their devafta-

Biana,-

)'"'

raifed

<

though much againfl his inclination,

found himfelf obliged to march againft thefe plunderers.

inftead of chaftifing them,

he

inglorioufly promifed to

But,-

pay them

'

the Chout, upon condition they fhould immediately evacuate the

provinces.

The

barbarians, gaining courage

ing very

by

this^

fubmillion, and

truft-*:

promifes extorted by fear, from Dowran, crofTed

little to

the Jiimna, near Calpee, with a deftgn to plunder the province

of Oud.

Sadit

Chan,

them, between the

a total defeat.

who

then pofielTed that fubafhip, oppofed;

rivers in the diflridt

They

were clofely purfued

fled to

h^

of Korah, and gave them

Feridabad near Delhi, whither they

Sadit,

who

had, on his way, joined the-

imperial arhiy under D'o"^ran.

.Before the united arrhies under

the

Mahrattors

Dowran

made an attempt

were oppofed, without the walls,

to

arid Sadit

cztnt

plunder Delhi.

by two

iriiperial

lip,

Thep

Omrahs,

Amir Chaii, the former of whom was killed^

The Mahrattors had now poffefled themftlves of^
in the adtion.
the fuburbs, when Kimmir the vizier, coming up with an army,^
Haffen Chan and

put them to

flight.

But notwithftanding thefe repeated defeats,

the Mahrattors found means to retreat,

with a great booty to

the Decan.

The king and

his miniflers,

Decan favored the

binding

tha;t:'tfie

Nizam

incurfions of the Mahrattors, devifed

of th&'

many

fchemes

HISTORY OF .THE

him

I'cliemcs. to inveigle

cither of his Hfc or

to court,

againll;

The

might deprive him

crafty

But

affair.

ing imbecilHty, was

had he broke forth

as the

open

intereft at court,

who were

the bottom of

notwithllanding

empire,

rebellion,

obey the rpyal command.

ened his

at

he thought

He, however,

it

grow-

its

fufficiently flrong to reduce the

ftill

in

Nizam, pene-

conceived an implacable refentmcnt

Chan Dowran, who, he knew, was

the whole

t.o

that they

government.

tratiog into their defigns,

D.C:i:LIN'E

Nizam,

rnoft prudent

previoufly, ftrength-

by a coalition with many great Omrahs,'

difgufled with the infolence of

Dowran.

Cuttulich Chan, having taken a ftep fo neceflary for his

fajfety, fet

own

out for court, leaving his fon Ghazi ul Dien in the govern-

ment of the Decan. Hq arrived at Agra, with a retinue, or rather

an army of 20000 men ; and, as he held the office of Vakeel
Muttuluch *, he expected to command Chan Dowran, and to
draw

all

the reins of government into his

Sadit Chan, Suba of

againft the Mahrattors,

own

hands.

Oud, pluming himfelf upon

his fucceft

The

afpired to the minifterial power.

king continued to favor Dowran, and to fupport him againft the

Nizam;
fee

for,

however weak

Mahummud

was, he could not but

through that ambitious governor's deligns, by his behavior for

But, as the

fbme years back.

fofce to protedt his perfon,

his fon,

man

Nizam

had,

upon the

fpot,

and a ftrong party at court; and

as

of great parts, commanded

all

the provinces of

the Decan, the king was aflured, that' to deprive Cuttulich

of his government, would occafion a revolt, which, in

quences, might |)rove f^tal to t^e ro^al

In the

mean

^ny thing

its

Chan

confe-

time, Sadit Chan, finding that he could not effect

againll:

the united interefts of the

* For

Nizam and

vizier.

the nature of this office, fee the preface.

who

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE

who had joined factions, was eafily brought over to their party.
The terms of this coalition were, that when the Nizam and Vizier
fhould force themfelves into the

management of the

government, Sadit Chan (hould be appointed buckfhi

title

Amir

of

The

ul

omrah, which Dowran

with the

time poffefled.

Vizier fufficiently ftrongto turn

He had

his high employ.

*,

of

and his party did not render the fadlion

acceflion of Sadit

Nizam and

of the

at that

affairs

Dowran from

abfolute poffeflion of the royal ear, and

who depended upon him for their pay, remained firm

intereft.
The fad:ion of the malcontents was reduced to

the army,
to his

defpair;

and Nizam ul muluck,

Dowfan, concerted, with

to gratify his refentment againft

Sadit, a plan,

which gave the laft

flroke

to the tottering authority of the crown.

The famous Nadir Shaw, king of Perfia, was, at this jundlure,

The difaffeded Omrahs refolved
in the province of Candahar.
They forefaw that a Perfian invafion
to invite him to Hindoftan.
-

would occafion confufions and diftradions

muft

facilitate

own fchemes

their

refpedtive governments

which was

it

of independence in their

muft, at any rate, ruin

a very capital objed: to

which

in the empire,

men poflelled

Chan Dowran,

of fuch inveterate

animofities againft that minifter.

Whether the Nizam

itfelf,

did not even extend his views to the empire

admits of fome doubt.

Many

fenfible

men

in India think

that he did ; and affirm, that his opinion was, that Nadir

would depofe

Mahummud

the family of

Timur

and, to fecure his conqueft, extirpate

he argued with himfelf, that

not probable that the Perfian

doftan,

he hoped, for his

,

Vol.

II.

would

fervices,

fix his

as

it

refidence in

was

Hin-

to fecure to himfelf the vice-

* Paymafter-gpneral of the

Appendix,

Shaw

*B

forces,

royfliip

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

lo
A.D.

1738.

royfhip of that empire

and that afterwards time and eifcum*

would point out the

ftances

Full of thefe ambitious

line of his future proceedings.

proje<fls,

and

at the

fame time to

avenge himfclf of his political enemy, the Nizam, in conjunction

with

wrote

Sadit,

to

their letters at Candahar,

many

out

pofed

difficulties

invafion.

extremely

He

That monarch

received

and, in an anfwer to them,

pointed

Nadir Shaw.

which he had

to

reprefented

them,

difficult to penetrate

to

furmount in the pro*

and Afgans

for

would be

twenty years, with

and kept in pay a formidable army of Moguls

that fliould he even force his

it

even into Cabul and Pefhawir,

which provinces Nafir Chan had governed

great reputation,

that

government of Nafir, there were

five

way through

the

great rivers to crofs in

Punjab, where Zekirriah Chan, fubadar of Lahore, would certainly oppofe

the imperial

ftacles,

Nizam
to

him; and

ul

that even fhould he get over thofe ob-

army

muluck, and

remove the king's

ftill

remained to be defeated.

his colleague in treafon,

objedlions,

by

would bring over the governors of the

fadtion

and

that,

the imperial army,

other.
March.

as they themfelves
little

afluring

him, that they

frontier provinces to their

commanded one

half of

danger was to be dreaded from the

Nadir Shaw began

his

march from Candahar, with

great army, about the vernal equinox of the

He

endeavoured

149 of the Higera.

took the rout of Ghizni, and the governor of that city came
1

Out with prefents, and fubmitted himfelf and the province to the
king,

agreeing to pay the ufual revenues to Perfia.

Nadir Shaw

continued his march from Ghizni to Cabul, which city he immediately inverted.
age,

Shirza Chan,

an omra of feventy years of

was, at this time, governor of Cabul.

Being fummoned,

he

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
he

refufed to furrender,

and made the proper

diipoTitions for an

obftinatc defence.

The king of Perfia finding

that neither fair promifes nor threats

could induce Shirza to open the gates of Cabul,

who

fuffer

moft upon thefe occafions,

without making any impreffion on the

feventh day. Nadir

many of

In this defperate manner,

place for fix days together.

the braveft foldiers,

afiaulted the

Shaw found means

befieged

fell

upon the

to bring over to his party

Nafir Chan, governor of the province of Cabul, the fon of that

Nafir,

who

was, for twenty years, fubadar of Pefhawir.

with the provincial army, prefented himfelf

traitor,

of the city which was oppofite to the

fent a letter to the gallant

admittance to the place,

enemy ;

The

match

requefted

immediate

when

by

the

joined with the gar-

for the Perlians in the field.

tmfortunate Shirza, not fufpedling the treachery of the

young Omrah, confented

to receive within the walls the

and baggage of the provincial army

fliould

of the attack, and

fide

He

at that gate

to prevent his being cut off

infinuating, that his forces,

would be

rifon,

Shirza.

That

encamp before the

what was

beft to be

gate,

done upon

till

women

but infifted that the troops

they {hould confult together

this urgent occafion.

The women and baggage were

accordingly admitted,

with %

proper guard, and Shirza, with a few attendants, went out to

have an interview with Nafir.

city,

No

fooner was Shirza out of the

than the king of Perfia began a general

Abdul Rahim, an

officer

alTault

while one

of the traitor Nafir, feized upon Shirza,

and confined him.

The

A.D.

1738.

UlSTO%^ OF THE DECLINfi

1%
AvcD. 1^3*.

two

fons-bf ^hirza/ Igtiof ant of their father's fate, in thfr

mean time defended

till one of them was

the gates with great firmnefs and refolutionj

been admitted into the

defperate fituation,
.OS

Aimvo')

by that part of Nafir's army that had

killed

city.

knew

The remaining

brother, in this

not which eiiemy he ought to oppofei

while the garrifon, ftruck with terror and. confuiion, defer.ted

their pofts

upon the wall.

Nadir Shaw took advantage of

panick, forced open the gates, took the place, maflacred

of the inhabitants,
Shirza

Chan

The

and inhumanly put to dcatk

an.d his fon.

-^..^

.'tbe'

and

effects to

oj.,i9bio

the value of two crores

many

gallant
-

king of Perfia found in the treafury of Cabul two

of roupees,

this

croreff

more

thefe were included four thoufand complete fuits of armour,

laid

with gold ; four thoufand of polilhed

and a great quantity of

mails for horfes,

Shaw Jehan.

depofited in Cabul by

fteel,

in

in-

four thoufand

fine tiffues

and

drelTes,

Nadir Shaw remained at

Cabul feven months, before he would attempt tocrofs the Indus^

He,

in the

mean

fpirators in Delhi,

He,

at length,

time, kept up a correfpondence with the con^

and maturely

fettled his plan

of operations,.

put his army in motion, and diredtedhis march'

to Pifhawir.

Nafir:Chan, fubadar of
the

Pifhavirir,

court of Delhi, for fuccours

had wrote, repeatedly,

but Chan Dowran,

anfwers, affected to defpife the king of

that it "was impoffible

Pei-fia

he could meditate

and

to

in his

infinuated'^

the conqueft of

Hin-

Hej however, promifed, from time to time, that he

himfeif would march with the imperial army, and drive thedoftan.

invader back to Perfia.

vT6^in*i,

fame time,

to Nafir, to

The difaffedted Omrahs wrote, at the

make the bed terms he could with Nadir

MOGUL EM PI RE.

Ql^lJTME
Shaw J

f>f

was

tht there

little

hopes of his being reinforced

with any part of the royal army,

siiib^bnabb

by the

zirHafir Chan,- finding himfelf negleded

t^ftiiJ

a, B. i73>

nBsm

court, after

-a

faint refiftance, furrendered himfelf prifoner to the king of Perfia,

He

6p0n the 2oth of Shaban.

by

was foon

monarch, and appointed one of

that

after taken into favor

Novcmb;

20.

Nadir Shav/

his viziers.

had, by this time, crofTed the Attock or the Nilab, one of

He

inoft ponfiderable of the five branches of the Indus.

th<i

ilfued

out an order to ravage the country, to fpread the ferrqr of hi^

arms

far

and wide.

Daily advices of the approach of the Perfians came to Delhi;

A general confternation among

the people, and a dirtraftion in

The king and

the councils of th^ government enfued.

nifter,

Dowran, were

weak, that either they did not

fo

mi-

his

fufpedl:

the treachery of the difaffedted Omrahs, or took no meafures to

New

prevent their defigns.

way of

obftacles

the military preparations of

were daily thrown

Dowran,

his colleagues thought, that the procraftination

Gccafioned, had fufficiently

Upon

the

firft

and Dowran, incamped without the

artillery,

and began

to levy forces.

tranfadtions, croffed. the Bea,

before Lahore.
-vince^

which they had

weakened the imperial

of Ramzan, the Vizier, the

city,

Nizam and

the

till

in the

caufe.

Nizam

ul

muluck^

with a great

train

Deccmbar

of

Nadir Shaw, during thefe

and on the

of Shawal appeared

firft

Zekeriah Chab, governor of the city and pro-

-who Was; incamped with -5000; horfe before the

^

retreated into the city,

attacked the Perfians.,

He^ the next

day,

;walls>

marched out and

general roUt of his -array

Avas'

the con*^^^^

lequence, and the conquerors were^

fo; clcfe;

t<i)

the heels ;0f the

;

rvan-aWays, that they poffelTed themfelves of the gates.

Ze-

keriah

January.

3.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

*4
A

D. 1^39-

kcriah waited immediately upon Nadir Shaw, with a nazir of

half a lack of roupees,

was

monarch,

politely received .by that

and Lahore was preferved from being plundered.

The
February 14.

king of Perfia continued his march towards Delhi, and,

upon the 14th of Zicada, appeared

Mahummud Shaw

army.

was incamped upon the plains of Karnal ;

that only the canal,

fo

which fupplied Delhi with water, divided

The Moguls had

the armies.

in fight of the imperial

only poffefled themfelves of tha|

ground about two days before the

arrival

of Nadir Shaw, and had

thrown up entrenchments and redoubts before them, mounted

with five hundred pieces of artillery. The army, which the
king

now commanded

in perfon, confifted of

150,000 horfe, exThis unweildy body of militia wa*

clufive of irregular infantry.

compofed of
provinces,

of

all forts

of people, coUedled indifcrirainately in the

by the Omrahs, who thought

men and

horfes

was

all

that

that a fufficient

was neceffary

unknown
the Omrah,

to

form

in the

private foldier, as well as

adted only

The

good army.

Mogul camp

Subordination was a thing

of his

number
the

by the impulfe

own mind.
Perfians,

though not

fo

numerous

as the

Moguls, were

The rank of Nadir Shaw's

own commands were inftantly

under fome degree of regulation.

efficers

was determined ; and

his

and implicitly obeyed.

Severe to excefs, he pardoned no neglect

or difobedience in his

Omrahs.

He

has even been

known

to

fend an effawil * to a general, at the head of 5000 horfe ; with

orders to

make him

halt and receive corporal punifhment, for a

mifdemeanor, in the front of his

may be thought
litary fpirit

in

own men.

Though

this rigor

Europe too tyrannical and repugnant

yet, in a country

where the

principles of

to a

mi-

honor are

mace-bearcr.
little

MOGUL

OF THE
known, /ear

little

is

E JVJ P

E.

the ftrongeft motive to a ftrid performance

a. D. 1739.

of duty.

upon the 14th of Zicada, having out-marched

Sadit Chan,

baggage, joined the imperial army.

Mahummud

from

honorary drefs

the Herawils of Nadir

Chan

Shaw had

The whole

of

between Nadir Shaw and the

from

But

that
Sadit

march out

againft

traitor, in

The

was a plan concerted

order to draw the

Mo-

king, however, laid his

Sadit to wait until the next morning,

by the favor of God," he intended

whole army,

came

attacked his baggage,

this attack

their entrenchments.

commands upon
*<

advice

Shaw^,

February

he was receiving an

requefted of the king to be permitted to

the Herawils.

guls

Juft as

his

to

march

out,

when,

with his

to give the Perfians battle.

fo little did Sadit

Mahummud's

regard

orders,

that, as

foon as he had quitted the prefence, he ilTued out with 10000

which he had brought from his government, and attacked-^

the enemy.
A mock engagement now commenced, between-,

horfe,

army; who were ordered to retreat

repeated meffages, from the field to the

Sadit and a part of the Perfian

before him.

He

king, requefting

back

fent

more

troops,

and that he would drive the enemy

to Perfia.

Mahummud,

juftly

incenfed

at

the difobedience of

Sadit,

would not, for fome time, permit any fuccours to be fent to him.

Chan Dowran,

with 15000 men, to fupport

up to the

field,

with the king to permit him,

at length, prevailed

Sadit,

Sadit.

When Chan Dowran

in a feigned attack, joined the Perfians,

and permitted himfelf to be taken prifoner.

get the ftart of his partner in treafon,

gaging the Perfian monarch in his

'.A

came

Nizam

His defign was

ul

muluck,

to

in en-

intereft.

In

14.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

In the mean time,

troops of

tlie

Sadit

being ftrangers to

commander, joined Chan Dowran, and continued the engagement.

Chan Dowran was immediately attacked
the treachery of their

on

fides,

all

by the bulk of the Perfian army.

He, however,

fome time, maintained his ground with great lirmnefs and refolution ; and was at length unwillingly drawn from, the field,

for

tliough he had received a

wound which

foon after proved mortal,

by three repeated meflages from the king, commanding

his

im-

mediate attendance.

^ahummud Shaw
iS^izam ul
feize

ran.

muluck,

was, with good reafon, apprehenfive that

who was

him, which made him

When

the

wounded

then in the camp, was preparing to

fo anxious for the prefence

of

Dow-

general appeared before the king, he

him the fituation of affairs, and earneffly intreated him to

permit him to return to the field, with the troops which were
under his immediate command, as captain-general, confifting of
told

36000 men,
-

" Grant my
**

together with
requeft,"

two hundred

faid he,

" and you

pieces

of cannon.

fhall nevei- fee

me

re-

turn but in triumph."

The

king was

the defigns of the

now

perplexed beyond meafure.

Nizam,

fliould

dreaded

Dov/ran be abfent, and,

fame time, he durft not permit the traitor

lines, for fear he fhould join the Perfians.

common

He

at the

march out of the

He, therefore, fell

to

weak minds, and hefitated, in hopes

that delay would give birth to a more favorable concurrence of
He was deceived the happy moment, for the prefcrevents.
into the

error of

vation of himfelf and the

empire, was

His troops maintained

their ground,

gallant brother of
fcale

ftill

Dowran ; and

now upon

the wing.

under Muzziffer, the

a reinforcement

would turn the

of victory in their favor.

When

t^HE iVIOGUL EMPIRE.

When Chan Do wrai^

quitted the

17

the conimand'of thofe

fie-M,

A. D.

1739.

Moguh, who "iv^re engaged, devolved upon his hi"other Murziffer,

That brave Omrah made a violent charge upon the Perfian armyi
and penetrated to the very doot of Nadir Shaw's
for

want of being

fiipported

from the <^amp,

were

llain

proved

fatal

to

point of giving

few

way j

from the

forty miles

Ten thoufand common Mogul

which had almoft
whole army were upon the

in this defperate adlion

Nadir Shaw,

Affil

of diftindtion, covered one fmall

officers

fpot of ground with their bodies.

foldiers

Muzziffer,

Meer Muilu, Eadgar

Ali Chan, Dowran's fon, Raja Gagermull,

Chan, and tvventy-feven

There)

tent:

for his

feveral great detachmenlirliaVing fled

field

that remained of the

After the engagement, the

of battle.

Moguls,

back

within

retired

entrench-

the:

'^^

ments*.

Chan Dowran, though wounded, had that night an interview

with the Nizam ul muluck. It was agreed, that the whole army
Should next morning march out of the
fians in their

fan's

lines,

and attack the

t*er-

Dowwas fo much

But \vhen the morning came, Chan

camp.

wound, which he had received

in the arm,

inflamed, that he could not aft, and, therefore, the meditated at-

In the evening of the

tack was delayed.

cnfued,

which was then

wound by
ftill

a mortification,

Sth,

attributed to fbmething applied to the.

a furgeon bribed by the

continue in the fame belief.

Dowran

Nizam ; and many

Be

that as

it

in India

Chan

will,

expired that night, amidft the teart of his fovcreign,.

who had a

great friendfliip for him.

^^Frafer fays, that only 4000 Perfians were engaged;

doubt his authority,

as

we

j^J>pen^i'x.

but

we

nH

X.*'^^^"'-

*C

.Jjr

liave reafon

derive our account from feveral perfons,

prefent in the ailion.

'^oi. IL

.]>^

to

who wercl
i '.i*<i--i

When

February i3.

OF THE DECLINE

ffftV^b^Y

i8

When

A. D- 739.

Omrah, on

this brave

liummud Shaw

alone the hopes of

was dead, Nizam

relied,

management of

rivalled in the

whom

Ma-

muluck ftood unThe whole authority de-

affairs.

ul

volved upon him, and the king became a cypher in the midft of
his owii cariip.'

The

pire in his h'iHds,

traitofr

now

finding

Nadir Shaw,

foot with

So

narch into Perfia.

of conquering the
pitiful

fumof

*"^^^adit

for the

little

own

pleafure,

fet

a treaty

immediate return of that mo-

hopes had the Perfian, at

Mogul empine,

this time,

that he actually agreed for the

i|y lacks of roupees to evacuate Hindoftan.

Chan, wbo,

we

camp, hearing of thefe

was not proof

have already obferved, wa^

tranfa<5tions,

The

break off the treaty.

faith,

em-

tihder a certainty of being able to difpofe of

the king at any time, according to his

on

the poiver of the

ufed

regard of Nadir

in the" Perfian

poflible

all

Shaw

means

to

to his plighted

againft the lucrative offers of Sadit.

That

Omrah promifed to pay to the Perfian two crores of roupees

of his own private fortune, upon condition he fliould reduce

out
the

Nizam, and place himfelf at the head of the adminiftration.In the mean time, the Nizam, who was now appointed Amir ul
omrah,

began

treaty,

for

Mahummud,

by

coming

to talk in a

to ad:ion

high

But the adive

during thefe tranfaAions.

ftrong

pofl:s,

and to

ftrain,

with the Perfians, to which the king

nuoufly urged him.

idle

Shaw broke the

make preparations

finding that Nadir

fpirit

He

of Nadir

fupplies of provifions.

with great difadvantaga^

The Nizam
if

Shaw was not

himfelf of feveral

poffeffed

round the Indian camp, and

ftre-

totally cut off their

perceiving that he mufi: ad:

he fhould march out of his lines and

attack the Perfians, began to

renew the

treaty,

and offered more

than Sadit had done to Nadir Shaw.

'
'

^di

Mahummud,

OF THE MOGUIi EMPIRE.

-ilMahumoiujJ, being mfprmed

that- thefei

t,\(vo

19
a. d, 1719.

villains, .\^ith-

'

out his communijcation, were making feparate bargains, about

himfelf and his empire, and that he even had not the {liadow of

own camp,

authority in his

himfelf upon the clemency

took a fudden refolution to thruv/

t>f

Nadir Shaw.

**

my,"

**

**

fpecious charadler of friends."

he

faid

to

by no means

who
much as

the feyv friends

to be dreaded fo

'*

Hill

adhered

fecret foes,

fet

Nadir Shaw's camp.

king of

Perfia,

mud, and,

a.

)o ajiosl

imall

'\o

mth

retiijiije,

lulinq

upon the Mogul's approach, fent his. fon,

Nifir Alia Mirza, to condudt

advanced a few

under the

out in the morn-

ing of the 2oth, in his travelling throne, with

The

hini,

^to

Having, therefore, preyiouHy

acquainted the Perfian of his intentions, he

for

dec|ajced,enei-

him

to the royal t^nt.

Nadir Shaw

from his Mufnid, and embraced Mahuindown, placed him upon his left hand. The

fteps

fitting

fubftance of their converfation has been already giv^n to the

public by Frafer
that Nadir

and, therefore,

Shaw

we

feverely reprimanded

only obferve hqre,

fhall

Mahumniudj

pu-

for his

fiUanimous behaviour, in paying the Chout to the Mahrattprs,

and for

fufFering himfelf to be inverted

center of his dominions, without

pel the invafion.

in.

called to

to be

him

camp, in the vevy

making one

fingle effort to fe-

rfjiw ao'i>s oi

after this converfation, retired

his vizier,

done with

^nixnoj \oi

.mid b3>?ni YRuojjn

dviij:^

Nadir Shaw,

his

to

another

teijt,

and confulted with him what was bcrt

Mahummud,

in this critical fituation.

'}

vizier

told

him,

who commanded

that,

The
'

fhould he confine the king, the Ntzasm,

the army, would immediately aft for himfelf;

and, as he was an able officer, they might meet with; ^great, difficulty in reducing him.
to return to the

But

camp with

that,

fhould the king be permitted

affiirarices

*C

of friendfliip and protedion,

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

party

tc<ftion,

A. D. 1739.

would

Mahummud,

join

that,

would,

at leaft^

be a baJlaiic againft the influence of the Nizam.

"

Nadir Shaw faw the propriety of what

He

immediately returned to the royal

the Perfians,

mud Shaw

was

it

far

from

ff*

of his kingdom.

army muft

refre/li

fian

began

to lay

employed

the

Nizam many

Gordingly,

not injured

Malium-

muft be paid,

my

fatigued

themfelves in Delhi,"

in this affair.

reply

vifit

upon the 24th,

Nadir Shaw's

to

difcourfc.

camp, and the Perthe Nizam.

One Cafim Beg

to return to his

He,

proteftations

spromife, that he would

c

this expedition

fchemes to feize

-^was

Mahummud,

But," faid he, with a deter-

**

and, during the time of collecting the money,

The emperor made little

He was, however, permitted

February 24.

and told

his intentions to deprive

mined look, " the expence of

*'

vizier advifed

Timur had

hitherto the imperial houfc of

as

that,

tent,

His

that
fet.

in

Nadir Shaw's name, made

of friendfhip, and obtained a

monarch

out,

in his

He

camp.

ac-.

and was, immediately upon

v jiis arrival in the Perfian lines, feia^d, and, together with fomc^

hgreat

Omrahs who

Mahummud

feltuary 26.

a plan laid
.5

AnsM

attended him, confined,

Shaw, looking upon the Nizam's confinement

by the

traitor himfelf, in order that

J matters with the Perfian with more fecurity,

a fecond

vifit to

Nadir Shaw.- That monarch had, by

fecured moft of the

Mogul omrahs, one

a$

he might negotiate
determined to pay

after another,

this time,

and when

fiMahummud, upon the 26th, arrived in the camp, a tent was

- pitched for him near the royal pavilion.
The unfortunate Ma
^

Kummud was

^JA

collation

carried into his tent,

and

was brought him, and he

left for

fome timetdone..

at very heartily

with-

Wlt b.elrayiog any fymptoms of being affected with his unhappy

,^iX

fituation.

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE

2J

Nadir Shaw was greatly aftpnifhed wheui he heard of a.D.

Mahummud's behavior, and exclaimed *' What kind of man

jfi[f

nation.

who

*^

muft

*^

freedom and empire

be,

this

with

can,

to the

wind

"wife, that greatnefs of raind

*l

all

conlifts in

has chofen the former

but the

to

^mounted

three

to

||Ounted guard

lat-ter

upon him

but

In the

mean

time,

ul n>iiluck,^

were kept

the

Perfian had

in

now

or to

man

This

it.

tp.

own
about him, who

returning to his

thoufand

Killelbafh

horfe

pretended honor, which was

tt|is

certain badge of his forlorn condi-?

Kurmnir

Chan, Nizam

by the

was the choice gf Nadir,

his domeftics

all

thoufand.

upon him, was a

c:onferred
tipn.

have

to

told,

two extremes:

command

Though Mahummud was hindered from

qamp, he was perniitted

are

to defpife the world,

mind

the powers of the

indifference, give his

But we

or to ad: boldly ;

fuffer patiently,

exert

much

fo

i73^

ul diep, the vizier, Surbullind

Mogul omrahs,
fame kind of honorable confinement. The
and

the principal

all

nothing to fear from an army without

officers,

lie ei\tere4 the camp, fei?ed upon the ordnance, the military
|:heft,

three

the

the jewel-office^, the wardrobe and armory. .-r-He ordered

months pay

fe^ft

Upon

of the

to be

immediately advanced to his troops, and.

artillery

he fen| off

to Cabul,

the 2d of Zehidge, Nadir

towards Delhi.

The
to

Karnal

froni

emperor, guarded by ten thoufand men,

tnarched a few miles in his rear.

fame time, ordered

Shaw moved

march

141

The Mogul army w^re,

two

irregular coliiBfies,

at the

one on

each fide of the Perlians, the front of whofe column was ad-

vanced two miles beyond

t)ie

other two>

3y

eojitinued marches.

Nadir Shaw arrived upon, the 8th in the fuburbs of

Umf^y-M the kead(^

korfe, eaii r^4

the. city*

tfe^ eity

mxx4^y.

March

T-m rimn^e

riisTiKV OF
A. D. 1739.

Xhe-.king of

called

Nizam

addrelTed

Peifia,

muluck and

ul

them

finding himfelf in pofleflion of Delliv

Sadit

Chan

and

into his prefencc,

in tlie following extraordinary

manner

" Art

**

not you both moft ungrateful villains to your king and Couh-

"

try;

**

me, from

**

But

who,

poflefiing fuch

after

my own

I will fcourge

wealth and dignities, called

dominions, to ruin them and yourfelves

you

all

my

with

wrath, which

is

the inftru-

ment of the vengeance of God." Having fpoke thefe words,

he fpit upon their beards, and turned them, with every mark of
**

indignity,

from

^Mi^nds^dai Diii^inavsiq oJ nt^vig

""^

his prefence."

After the traitors were thruft out into the court of the palace,
Sie

Nizam

addrefled himfelf to Sadit Chan, and fwore,

by the

holy prophet, that he would not furvive this indignity.

Chan applauded

home;

the

both determined in appearance

Sadit

and fwore he would fwallow

his refolution,

poifon upon his return

Nizam

did the fame; and

upon death,

to theif

retired

relpedive houfes.
01 ifaifiM

mean time, f<^n'f1a tm% fjiy^d ^)rfh^''Mtj(i

intelligence when the Nizam fhould take his draught.
The
Nizam, being come home, appeared in the deepeft affliction
Sadfit

Chan,

in the

but having privately intimated his plot to a fervant,

him

He

to bring

him

The

the poifon.

he ordered

fervant adted his part well.

brought hi'm an innocent draught, with great reluctance.

The Nizam,

after

prayers, drank

it

fome

hefitation,

off in the prefence of Sadit's fpy,

after pretended to fall

down

dead?aQ:^

The
^^izarri

'

and having formally

V^i^iitoituiii

xiwo

gifi

fpy haftened back to his mdltet-, and told

had

jiift

point' of Ii6n6r

expired.

Sadit,

by 'his fcitdwiri

and foon

dom

io ^fiiol

him

faid his

>i

>.

that the

afliamed of being outdone in a

iniquity, fwallowed a draught of

real

poifon, and

rcai'

own

He

reafon.

which he had

23

became th& juft inftmment of punidiment

The Nizani was

villainy.

had greater

MOGUL EMPIRE.

THE:

OrF

to his

not.afliamed to live, thougli none

A.D.

1739.

*^

even prided in that wicked trick, by

rid himfelf

of his

and afterwards actually

rival,

fiJ^^

cjjjoyed the intended fruits of all his villainies.^'"

^:i^ii^:lc;q
o'"
'

rThe Perfian,

'

in the

mean

,ori'A-

time, placed guards upon the gates

of Delhi, with orders to permit no perfon whatever to pafs in or

Thefe

outv without his fpecial licence.

injunctions were

ftridt

given to prevent the inhabitants from evacuating the place, and

from carrying away

He,

their wealth.

at the

fame time,

ilTued

commands, that no perfon whatfoever fliould be molefted

but he demanded twenty-five crores, as a contribution for fparinor

his

the

city.

Whilft the magiftrates were contriving ways and means

this

on

enormous fum, by laying a tax

individuals,

Shaw

This occafioned

particularly in the
fclbafli in

this

upon

longed,

a prodigious

off.

Upon

the

market, feeing a

The

his bafket.

made

The mob

mob in

all

commu-

loth Nadir

the publiclBazars,

Shawgunge, or royal market.

man

fellow,

immediately

by fome of

his

Perfian kif-

felling pigeons, feized

to

whom

by

the pigeons be-

a hideous outcry, and proclaimed aloud,

jShaw had ordered a general

tedled

was cut

as all

city,

ordered the granaries to be opened, and fold rice at a certain

price.

force

in proportion to their wealth

famine began to rage in the

nication with the country

to raife

That Nadir

pillage.

fell

upon the

Kiffelbafh,

own countrymen.

who was

prd-

great tumult arofe,

and fome perfons, bent upon more mifchief, cried aloud. That
Nadir Shaw was dead ; and that now was the time to drive the
Perfians pvit .of the city.

The

citizens,

wh^

ip general carried

March

10.

HISTORY 6F

24
A. D. 1739.

drew

^niis,

their

l\\''ords,

wherever th^y

TITC:

and began to cut

Th^

found.

-be

DECLINE
to pieces the Pe^-fians,

r^poft of the death of Nadir

Shaw

flew, like hghtniAg, throiagh every ftreet in Delhi

places

were

filled

with tumult, confufiOn, and death.

atid all

It'^as

now

dark, and the Perfhns, wh'o had been ftra^ling through the city,

returned to the citadel, except two thoufand

the

who were

killed

by

mob.

About twelve
<y( theife

o'clock at night, the king of Perfia

He

tranfadions.

with him uiider

immediately ordered what

alrms, and, putting

himfelf at

l5ieir

till

mean

time, fent for the

dien,

and threatened

to

head, marched

day-light fliould appear.

Nizam,

Sirbillind

men he had

He

out as far as the Mtifgid of Rofhin ul Dowlat.

prudent to halt there

was informed

thought

He,

it

in th^

Chan, and Kimlnir ul

put them to inftant death, charging them

They fwore upon

with fomenting thefe tumults.

the Coran, ^hat

th^y were innocent, and he pardoned them.

Msrch

II.

When

day began to appear, a perfon from a neighbouring

upon Nadir Shaw, and

face fired

The king was

tiHrSCy

fo enraged,

totally fubfided,

that,

killed an officer

he ordered the

officers

rigor,

that,

before

and fome mufqueteei-s

maffaci'e

amoh^

This order was executed with b

two

o'clock in the afternocwn,

without diftindlion of age,

100,000,

fidfe.

of the cavalry to

and to commence a general

die uhfoWunate inhabitants.

much

his

though the tumult had, by this

lead their fquadrohs through the ftt^ets,

to fcour the terraces,

by

ter*.

fex,

or

above

condition,

lay

dead in theif blood, though not above one third part of the city

was

vifited

fafioft

d'eath,

and

)!f

by the fword.

terror

and con-

thefe poor wretches, that infte^id of bravely oppofing

tlie

men

thildfrt>

.i*ri

Such was the panic,

thi'ew

down

their arms,

and, with their wives

fubmitted th^felves like Jhecp to the flaughler.

One

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THB
One

butchered a whole family,

Pcflian foldier, often

meeting with any

25

The Hindoos,

reliftance.

v/ithout

according to their

barbarous cuftom, Ihut up their wives and daughters, and

fire
'

their apartments,

to

and then threw themfelves into the

Thoufands plunged headlong

flames.

drowned;

deatli

was feen

king of Perfia

Mufgid of

into

wells

in every horrid lhape;

feemed rather to be fought

The

after

and were

and,

at laft,

than avoided.

during this dreadful fcene, in the

fat,

None but

Rofliin ul Dowlat.

his flaves durft

At

near him, for his countenance was dark and tQ^rible.

the unfortunate emperor,

fet

attended by a

number of

come

length,

his

chief

him with downcaft eyes. The

Omrahs, who preceded Mahummud Shaw, bowed down their
foreheads to the ground.
Nadir Shaw fternly alked them what
they wanted ? They cried out, with one voice, ** Spare the city."
Omrahs, ventured

Mahummud
The

eyes.
**

of Mirza

No

to approach

faid not a

word, but the

calm

flowed

tyrant (heathed his fword, and faid,

Mahummud,

**

faft

from

his

For the fake

I forgive."

fooner had he pronounced thefe words than, according to

our author, the maflTacre was

effe(5t

tears

of his

orders,

He

in the city.

into the

original

that in

fl:opt;

and

fo inftantaneous

was the

few minutes every thing was

then retired into the citadel, and inquired

caufe of the tumult.

Seid

Ncaz Chan,

tlie

fuperintendant qf the royal market, for having been adive in

this affair,

was put

to death.

having defended his houfe

maffacre his family,

but

Omrah,

for

who came

to

Kifrah Chan, a brave

againfl:

who had

the Perfians

not been concerned in the

tumult, was beheaded.

Vol.

II.

Appendix,

The

A. 0.1739.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

6
A.D.

The

17:9.

detachments daily
all

was not yet

tyrant's thirft for blood

to plunder the villages near Delhi,

and

fent

to put

Six thoufand of the inhabitants

the inhabitants to the fvvord.

of Mogulpurra were cut off for a very

He

fent

arofe,

and

trivial offence.

where the tumult

a party intd the royal market,

He

fatisfied.

firft

ordered feven hundred perfons to be feized indifcriminately, and

to cut off their nofes

'

Wfi^rf^hfcw

'aft

and

ears.

Vere quelled by the blodd

^^^tfir^^^^

had

iinfortimate Delhians, the king of Perfia

b'f 'the

leifure to pillage

He feized upon the public treafurfe and the

Mahummud Shaw. In the treafury feveral vaults were

the city at pleafure'.

regalia of

which much wealth

difcovered, in

many

in

wardrobe and armory were valued

coll ten.

at five crores.

by way of contribution, upon the

eight crores in jewels

all

The

hundred thoufand pounds

fifty crores,

royal

jSix crores

city,

were

and about

which, together with horfes,

and elephants, amount to about

five

at twenty-five crores,

Tucht Taoos, which ajone

raifed in fpecie,

well as

the private vaults near two crores

The Jewaer Chaiina * was eftimated

including the

as

In the public treafury was found in fpecie,

valuable effels.

three crores of roupees

more.

lay concealed,

camels

or fixty-two millions

of^p|ir i;npney. ^

Great cruelties were exercifed in levying the contributions upon

Under an

the city.

v;hilft

Many

conceal

it

neceffary

'tD

therefore,

who had

Very

individuals

Omrahs,

arbitrary government, like that of India,

find

others

who were

rich'

more wealth, were,

*

wealth.

Some

were taxed very high,

catne off With a moderate fum.

of the former, tinddr the

poiTeffed

little

their

fiippofition,

after they

that they iidually

had given

all

they Were

The }ewel-office,
..

worth

OF THE
worth

in the world,

BMPlRf:

M^'^V^Ia

whilft others* <o avoid

tortured to death;

pain, fliame and poverty, put, with their

own

hands, an end to

their miferable exiftence,

Upon

i..

fiiuptials

the 2ifl of Mohirrim, the king

of

l^rfia celebrateti ths

of his fon, Mirza Nafir Alh, with the daughter of Ezidan

Bukfli, the fon of

Kaarn Bukfh, and grandfon of the famous

The Shaw

Aurviagzebe.

efpoqfe the beautiful

himfelf difcovered a violent defire to

daughter of MuzilTer

prevented by one of his wives,

who had the

Nadir Shaw, which the

furious fpirit of

Chan*j but he was

command

art to

the

of the world could

rell

not controul.

Durmg
fhut.

all

tnele tranfadtions the gates of the city

Famine began

Shaw was deaf

to rage every

to the miferies

Tucki, a famous

were kept

day more and more

The

of mankind.

but the

public fpirit of

upon this occalion.

He exhibited a play before Nadir Shaw, with which that monarch
was fo well pleafed, that he commanded Tucki to afk what he
wiihed fhould be done for him. Tucki fell upon his face, and
faid, " O king, command the gates to be opened, that the poor
**

may

adtor, deferves to be recorded

not perifh."

His requeft was granted, and half the

poured out into the country j and the place was fupplied

in a

city

few

days with plenty of provilions.

The

king of Perfia, having

in Delhi, reinftated

now

raifed all the

Mahummud Shaw

in the empire,

third of SifFer,

with great folemnity and pomp.

crown upon

his

head with his

a rich chelat

the

diftributing,

Mogul omrahs.

He

own

at the

The

brother of

He

upon the
placed the

him with
more among

hand, and prefented

fame time,

forty

then gave to the emperor fome inT

ftrud:ions concerning the regulation of his

*

money he could

Chan Dowran.

He was

*P

flain in

army ;

to

which he

the battle at Karnal.

added

A. D.

17551.

A.D.

THE DECLINE

Hl^TO'R^ OF

28
173$.

added fame general maxims of government.

his guard againft the

Nizam, who, he

above the rank of a fubjedt.

fliould not

now

live to difturb

put

him upon

plainly perceived,

Had

my Avord

Periia, '*f'fooliflily pafTed

"

**

He

afpired

not I," faid the king of

for his fafety, the

old*

traitor

Mahummud."

Every thing being ready upon the 7th, for Nadir Shaw's
return to Perfia, ftridt orders were iflued to his army to carry no
flaves

away, nor any Indian women, contrary to their inclinations,

Before his departure, he obliged

iipon pain of immediate death.

Mahummud

formally to cede to the crown of Perfia, the pro-

Mnces of Cabul,
JSind, or, in general,

all

carried

The whole

this

the north -well:

lie to

of the treafure which Nadir

from Hindoftan, amounted, by the

tion, to eighty millions

When

which

thofe countries

of the Indus and Attoc.

Shaw

Kandahar> Ghizni, Moultan and

Pefliawir,

beft

computa-

of our money.

deftru<flive

comet, to ufe the expreffion of our

Indian author, rolled back from the meridian of Delhi, he burnt

all

the towns and villages in his

way

rout with devaftation and death.

*'

Lahore, and marked his

But before he difappears be-

hind the mountains of Periia," fays our author, continuing the

metaphor of the comet,

^,

to

light

** it

on the charader of

Shaw, together

uncommon
Jflfuggling

oppofition,

may

this

not be improper to throw fome

fcourge of Hindoftan."

v/ith great ftrength

with dangers and

of body, was endued with

Innured to fatigue from

force of mind.

difficulties,

and a fortitude of

foul,

Nadir

his

youth

he acquired vigor from

unknown

in a life of eafe.

His ambition was unbounded and undifguifed he never fawned

for power, but demanded it as the property of his fuperior parts.
:

Had he

been born to a throne, he deferved

*

The Nizam was

it ;

had he conti-

near ninety years of age.

nued

D
nued

F.

JZH E

MOGUL EMPIRE.

fubjed-, his glories

more permanent and

would have been

lefs

dazzling, but

pure.
>ini

iOilh a country

where

known,

the only

fear

dered Nadir

is

Shaw

$0

patriotifin

means

fo cruel

'1^

5.:

and honor are principles

to inforce obedience.

little

This ren-

and inexorable, that often,

in his

rage and the hurry of adion, he inflidted general punifliments

for the crimes of a few.

mon

with the

lion,

was

Courage, which he pofTeffed in

his only virtue

nefs to the great defeds of his

human
breaft
'{at

any

miferies,

injuftice,

and he owed his great-

Had

mind.

had his foul (huddered

glowed once with benevolence,

he might have

or,

his eye

murder,

at

had

*.

melted

had

at

his

his heart revolted

lived to an old age, but

haye died without the name of Nadir

com-

he wouLdiJ

io

* Wonderful.

nud ad

an;

.ygnb diiw ^mluiil

noiiidmfi siH

SECTION

a. D. 1739.

mSTORY

OF THE DECLINE

SECTION
iTlie Conclulioii of the

HE
I

king of

Pcrfia

Reign of

rivals

Without

by favorable accidents.
affairs

ambitious defigns.
his villainy,

oppolition, the

Though he

into his hands.

fell

Mahummud Shaw,

having evacuated Hindoftan,

Nizam began to difcover his own

were now all removed; fome by

\JL

II.

the

His

and others

management of

ingroffed,

in fadt,

whole power, he delegated the great offices of ftate to

The name of vizier was retained by Kimniir ul Dien, and

the

others.

that of

Buckfhi, or captain-general, was conferred upon the Nizam's

{on;

Ghazi

ul

of Allahabad, which

whom

that

Emir Chan fubadar

Mahomed Chan Bunguifh, to

fo difgufted

appointed

government was promifed by the former adminiftrahe

tion, that

He

Dien Chan.

left

the court without leave, and repaired to his

Jagier at Ferochabad.

The government

of

Oud

being vacant by the death of Sadit

Chan, that fubafhip was conferred upon an Omrah, called Seifdar

Jung, together with the title of Burhan ul muluck. The Nizam,
having nothing to fear from the fubas of the other provinces,
continued them in their employs.

blow which the empire had

Notwithflanding the fevere

no meafures were
taken to revive the declining power of the crown. This was,
by no means, the intereft of the Nizam, who now afTumed
juft

received,

every thing of the king, but the name.

Mahummud Shaw
his

power

having fuffered himfelf to be diverted of

in his capital,

rity fhould

be

much

it

could not be expedted that his autho-

regarded in the provinces.

The nabobs
and

MOGUL

OF THE
and

rajas,

throughout the empire, paid

EM?I]g.;K.
now

attention to the

little

Each of them

firmans of the court of Delhi.

3;

entertained ideas

of independence, and actually poffeffed a regal authority in their

governments.

made

The

who

Mahrattors,

had, for fome time back,

large ftrides to eftabllfh the ancient

T153,

India, in the year

made an

Hindoo government

in

incurlion into the Carnatic

with an army of eighty thoufand horfe, under the

command

of

Having forced the pafles of the mountains, they fell

unexpedtedly upon Dooft Ali, nabob' of that province, in fubordination to the Nizam, who was governor-general of the Decan.

Ragojee.

The

forces of Dooft Ali

with his Ibn, Haffin Ali,

were defeated, and he himfelf, together

fell in

extraordinar)' feats of bravery

{kill

mar

and firmnefs.

and Chunder Saib, the jfon-in-law of

Sipadar Ali, the fon,

Doofl Ali, had

the action, after having ejchibited

confiderable armies under their

command.

But both having views upon the government of the province,

inftead of oppofmg the Mahrattors, committed hoflilities upon
one another.

The

confequence was, that they were obliged to

ihut themfelves up in places of ftrength, the

the latter in Trichinopoly.

The enemy

firft

in Velour,

and

were, by this means,

permitted to ravage the province at their leifure, and to raife

heavy contributions upon the inhabitants.

Sipadar Ali, finding he could efied; nothing in the field againft

the Mahrattors, fet a negotiation on foot with them, by the^

means of his father's minifter, who had been taken prifoner ii}^-^
It was.at laft determined* u*f
the adion by thofe barbarians.
private, that, upon conditioa the Mahrattors fhould immediately
.

evacuate the Carnatic, they fliould receive one hundred lacks of

roupees, at dated periods

of this fuip, thej flioul^

and
b^e

that, as a fecurity for the

p^t in

polTeffioft

of

territory of

^aivoiq adJ ni babisgai riDurr

payment

f-

Trichi

A. D. 1740.

A. D. 1740.

THE DECLINB

IffHTORY, OF;

3^^

Trkhinapoly.

Qiic of -die terms was, that Sipadar Ali ftiould

be acknowledged nabob of the Cainatic.

haviiJg thus

Ali,

flrengthened himlelt with the alliance df'

thought

the Mahrattors, his brother-iii-law

him homage
diftri(fts

The

at

which he

poflefled,

but, about

fix'

had been made over

mean

fit^ge

to

up

a fecond ir-

them by Sipadar Ali.

territories

Chunder

Trichinopoly; and after fuftaining a

in

tlie

feventh of Mohirrim,

54,

to furrender at difcretion.

Thefe
Delhi.

own domi-

of the

take pofleihoa

of three months, was, upon

obhged

made

they

thereafter,

privately ceded to

Saib ftiut himfelf

to the Mahrattors.

time, returned to their

months

ruption into die Carnatic,

which had been

pay

to

Arcot; not knowing that Trichinopoly, and thofe

barbarians, in the

nions

pmdent

it

tranfadtions in the

The king and

Decan did not

difturb the peace at

his minifters continued in a

profound lethargy

ever lince the invafion of Nadir Shaw, and feemed indifferent about

But a prefTing danger at home

the affairs of the diflant provinces.

roufed them for a moment.

grafs-cutter,
bers.

for

As

in the debilitated ftate

his depredations

fwelled to an

mediately

command

of government, he committed,

with impunity, his banditti, by

under

the

He

Im-

title

of

This mufhroom of a king was, however, foon

Azim

moft of them to

of a gang of rob-

army of twelve thoufand men.

Alia, a gallant

with an army from Delhi.

happened

from the low rank of a

aflumed the imperial enfigns,

Daranti Shaw.
deftroyed.

fellow,

raifed himfelf to the

fome time,

degrees,

pieces,

in the 11

Omrah, was

He came

fent againfl:

up with the

him

rebels, cut the

and flew Daranti in the adion,

This

53 of the Higera,

In

MOGUL

OF THE
month of

In the

his

and

in a female drefs

Sipadar,

was proclaimed fuba of

A. D. 17^1.

But a general mutiny

army^ the mtirderer was obliged to

capital,

the

brother-in-law, Mortaz Ali,

immediately acceded to the Mufnud.

arillng in the

33

AH* nabob of

Sipadar

1154,

was alfafUnated by

Carnatic,

who

Regib,-

EMPIRE.

Mahummud

fly

from

his

Chan, the fon of

Carnatic.

tlie

The Nizam, who claimed the fovereignty

of the Decati, feeing

thefe repeated revolutions in the Carnatic, without his concurrence,

He

began

to prepare to leave the court of Delhi.

affairs

with the miniftry, and returned to Hydrabad.

diately colledted an army,

and, in the

fettled his

He imme-

month of Ramzan,

55,

marched towards the Carnatic with near three hundred thoufand

men. In the Sifler of 1 156, the Nizam arrived at Arcot withand found the country in fuch anarchy and conthat no lefs than twenty petty chiefs had affumed the titles

out oppofition
fufion,

of Nabob.

The Nizam made

name of Nabob,

take the

one of his

own

whoever ihould

for the future, without permiflion,

fliould be publickly fcourged

Chan,

a regulation, that

and raifed immediately Abdulla

generals,

to

fubafhip of Arcot

the

ordering the fon of Sipadar Ali into confinement.

fame time,

poffelfed himfelf of the

commanded

Malhar Raw,

without drawing the fword,

of the Carnatic.

He

whither Abdulla Chan, the

him.

to

who

there on the part of the Mahrattors.

The Nizam,
affairs

at the

of Trichonopoly by

city

means of a fum of money which he gave

He,

thus fettled the

returned in triumph to Golcondah,

new

governor of Arcot, accompanied

Abdulla, returning towards his government, was, the

firft

night after his taking leave of the Nizam, found dead in his bed

not without fufpicion of poifon from

fucceeded

Y0

1.,

him

Anwar

ul

Dien Chan, who

in the nabobfhip of Arcot, in the year

U. Appendix,

*E

157.

The

rflSTORY OP''^^^E DEcLl&g

34
A'lD.

1741'.

**'*rh^^I^izam in this abfolute

of

the

Decan,

manner

difpofed 6f the provinces

without the concurrence" of the court,

became king of

and

though he never aflumed

that title.
In the mean time, the Nizam's fpn, Ghazi ul Dien
Clian, overawed Mahummud Shaw at Delhi, and left that indoadtually

lent prince no

that country,

more than the mere fhadow of

royalty.

Whilft the Decan, that great limb of the Mogul empire, was
cut off by the

Nizam,

Aliverdi

Bengal, Behar, and Oriffa.

foldier,

who, together with

Chan ufurped

the government of

This fellow was once a

his

brother

Tiirtary in queft of fervice to Delhi.

common

Hamed, came from

In that city they continued

famous Chan Dowran, and

afterwards became menial fervants to Suja Chan, nabob of

fome time

for

in the fervice of the

Suja Chan, after the death of Jaffier Chan, fucceeded

Cattack.

to the government

and

of the three provinces of Bengal,

Behar,
*

Oriffa.-

The two

Tartars, being poffeffed of good natural parts and

fome education, rofe gradually into office, and were greatly faHodjee Hamed had, in a manner, bevorfed by the nabob.
come his prime minifter, and, by his political intrigues in the

Haram, obtained

the place of Naib, or deputy of the province

who was

of Behar, for his brother Aliverdi,

then a captain of

horfe.

Aliverdi

he began

was not long

to tamper^

eftabliflied

all

high employ, when

with the venal miniftry of Delhi, for a

parate commiffion for the province,

Chan.

in his

Money, which has

powerful in Hindoftan.

which he then

fe-

held' of Suja

great influence in every country,

Aliverdi ftrengthened

his folicita-

tions-

muM^

M.im:

with. a. round fum, and, ky the meansvof

became ihdependent fuba of Behar.

tio4i.^

^^Sjja 'Chan dying foon

3^

Chan Dawraii,

a. d. ih?*

was fucceeded in tlie fubafliip of

Chan. We do not jneati to infinuate^

after,

Bengal by his fon Sirfaraz

th^t he had any right of inheritance to hi father

government,

or that the fubadary had been eftabhfhed in his family by any

grant of the crown, which was contrary to the eflabhlhed laws

of the empire

but the government was

now

fo

weak, that the

nabobs took upon themfdves to bequeath theif governments to

their fons, which were afterwards, through a fatal neceffity^ generally confirmed to

Sirfaraz,

foon

loft

being a

man

of a haughty and imperious

the affedion of

Hamed, and
Jagga

them from Delhi,

all his officers.

tarniflied the

He

difpofition',

difgraced Hodjee

honor of the powerful family of

Hamed, however, took advantage of

Seat.

difaffedlion to Sirfaraz's

againft the nabob,

government.

He

the general

formed a confpiracy

and invited his brother Aliverdi

to invade

marched from Patna, in the month

of Ramzan 1 1 54, and entering Bengal, defeated and killed Sirfaraz Chan, at Geriah, near Muxadabad, and, without further
oppofition, became fuba of the three provinces.
Bengal.

Aliverdi accordingly

The weak

emperor, inftead of chaftifing the ufurper with an

army from Delhi,

and impolitic.

fell

The

upon an expedient,

Mahrattors threatened

at

once difgraceful

Mahummud

for the

Qhout, which, before the Perfian invafion, he had promifed to

pay them

and he gave them a commiffion to

upon the revolted provinces.

The Suu *

the Ma}iratt;prs, fent accordingly

* Suu,

apt

Raja,

army of 50000

in the Shanfcrita language, fignifies

*E

raife it

themfelves

the chief of
horfe,

from

Glomus,

his

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

to invade Beng?tlv

his capital of Sattsira,

A. D. 174a.

This, force, under the

conduft of Bofcar Pundit, ravaged, witli

diilrids

which

Having found means

he forced them

armies into Bengal

the latter by Ragojee.

firft

this horrid

Aliverdi, not being able to cope

had recourfe

fention between the two chiefs

;

news of

the

way of Behar, and another by

was commanded by Balla Raw, and

-this great force in the field,

Raw

of the Mahrattors,

one by the

The

that of Cattack.

When

to his arms.

of the Suu Raja, he ordered two other

ears

to his villainy than

to aflaflinate the leader

to retreat.

murder reached the

Balla

thofe

^VaS"a brave fbldier, defended himfelf with great

But he owed more

refolution.

all

the weft of the Ganges.

lie to

whb

^ Aliverdi*

and fword,

fire

He

to art.

fet a private treaty

with

fowed

dif-

on foot with

who, having received two years Chout, evacuated

make the bell terms he

was npw turned againfl the

the provinces, leaving his colleague to

The

could for himfelf.

fcale

Ragojee retreated to Cattack, and, with conflant

siMahrattors^
" incurfions

and

fortune of Aliverdi at length prevailed, and he faw

The good
hin;ifelf

fiying

parties,

greatly harralFed

the provinces.

independent fovereign of Bengal, Behar,

ajid

Orifla::

though, to quiet the minds of the people, he pretended to poffefs

grants

from the

court,

which he

himfclf had

adually

forged.

'(kon

We

11

noqii ^i^shf' Sim

have been pi^rpofely

^fucciEuSh

n.

oa

the:

manner

in

which

Icthe-Decan and Bengal were difmembered ^(an. the empire,

as

We

re-

<.the fadis are already

ortum, now, to the

d has
ri

>

pretty well

affairs cuf

hitherto been touched

known

in Europe.

the interior provinces.

by no

writei-,

This fubjed

and very few Eufo-

peans in Afia have made, any conMerable enquiriea cpncern-

^33igilr.^ ^Joc^

5d|

nois^tfiw

55'-oV*-'9rf>

5noiJ6"f?og?:r

ein^m^t)^^*

During

0m THE MOGUL
~-

During

thefe tranfadlions, nothing

intrigues and fadlions of a

weak and

Mahummud,

the year 1157, Ali

EMPIREX

happened

at

DblKi^wbut the

corrupt adminiftratidn.

A.J). ^74^

In

a Patan of the Rohilla tribe.

Zemindar of Bangur, and Awla, began

to

Ali was a foldier of fortune, and a

of the mountains of

native"'

appear in

arms.

CabuUftan, who, fome years before his rebellion, came to Delhi,

with about three hundred followers of

entertained in the fervice of

Mahummud

command of

a gallant officer, the

his

own

Shaw.

a fmall diftrid:,

tribe,

and was

Being efteemed

upon

the road

between Delhi and Lahore, was conferred upon.him; where he

\

entertained

all

vagrants of his

own

clan,

who came down

of military fervice, from their native mountains.

ner Ali expended
prefled for the

the rents of his

all

diftridt,

In this mari-

and he was hard

payment of the crown's proportion of

by the fogedar of Muradabai^i

.tiQi

in queft

his incotj^ei

jwh^Ji^ J^iW^a^i^cco^al^l^,-^^

Hernind, the fogedar, defpairing to get any part of the re-

Mahummud, by fair means^ prepared

He raifed 15000 of his own vaiTals^ with a dofign

venue from Ali

to ^ufe-

force.

to

pel or chaftife the refra<5tory Zemindar.

bis northern friends,

who

with great

and thus

flaughter,

government, laow

Kimmir

fo

ul EKen,

lived

Ali,

by the

affiftanee

upon him, defeated the fogedar,

laid the foundation

pf the Hohiila

formidable in Hindojftji.aioit ejnjji^

vizier,

upon receiving

Meer Munnu,

30000, againft the

advanced to a place,

'

Meer

rebels.

"1

Muniiw,- croffing the

called. Gm-muchtiflier,

fmce his late^ktty>

gageraent.

own

a youth of great bravery, with an army of

Ganges, and found that AU

nftcertgth.

alai

intelligence at

Delhi of this blow to the regal authority, dilpatched hi&

fon,

of

A negotiation,

Jumna,

on the bmks of the

Mahummud had tiequiredi fo much

tirat

he^fcarcd thejiiflueiof raife^fni-

thercfbrc,

was

fet

on

foot* aiid,^after

the

HISTORY: OF THE DECLINE

3
A. D.

1745.

the armies had laia three months in fight of one, another, a

The

was concluded.
keep

lliould

in the

pofreffion.

conditions were,

that Ali

treJity

Maliummud

of the countries, formerly comprehended

government of Hirnind, upon paying the ancient revenues

to the crown,

and

in the

that,

mean

time, one

y^atV's^ payment

Ihould be advanced in four rnonths.

After this treaty was

ratified,

Meer Munnu

returned to Delhi;

but the appointed time elapfed, without any payments on

part of Ali

He

Mahummud.

annexed more

diftridls

neighbouring countries to

came

Shaw from
fifty

to

and ravaged the

government,

fubfift his

enough

-formidable

continued to itrengthen himfelf,

his

to

He,

army*

in ftiort,

roufe the indolent

be-

Mahummud

That monarch took the

his lethargy.

tjia

field,

with

or fixty thoufand horfe, and, in the year 1158, crofled the

Jumna.

Mahummud, upon

All

the king's approach, retreated acrofs

the Ganges, and fhut himfelf in Bangur, a place of fome ftrength,

where the imperial army inverted him. The rebel, for the firft
two nights, made fuccefsful fallies, and killed many in the camp
of Mahummud Shaw. The king, however, having drawn lines
of circumvallation round the

fort, after

Ali

obliged the garrifon to capitulate.

life^

made terms

for his

own

and he was brought prifoner to Delhi, where he remained in

confinement for

The

fix

months.

Patan chiefs,

whd wCre

always, in private, enemies to the

government of the Moguls, cafting

mud,

a fhort but bloody fiege,

as a very

proper perfon to

the emperor for his releafe.

requeft;

their eyes

raife their

upon Ali

own

intereft,

The weak monarch

but the Patans, not yet

fatisfied,

Mahumfolicited

granted their

Mahummud

obtained for Ali

S^itUE MOGUL EMPIREir

of

gedariliiji

poHcy

and the

laft

could ever have permitted

Ali

that

it

The

to take place.

colled:ed his

of feveral

diftri(5ts

already feen, that

afTafiinated in Perfia,

who had

A. D.

all

kept

tribe,

between the

rivers

and

to court.

the provinces to the north-weft'

When

of the Indus were ceded to Nadir Shaw.

was

wretched^

confequence

difperfed

beyond the Ganges, without remitting one roupee

We have

fticli

degree of corruption in the miniflry,

Mahummud

pofTeffion of Sirhind,

This was

nothing but downright infa-

in the court of Delhi, that

tuation, folly,

was,

SirKind.^

3^

Achmet

that conqueror

Abdalla, a native of Herat,

from the

raifed himfelf in his fervice,

office

of Chobdar,

or mace-bearer, to that of Chazanchi, or treafurer, found means,

with the

affiftance

of his

own

in the confufion

tribe,

ceded the Shaw's death, to carry

off"

raife

grees of the diftrids

raflan,

and

all

This treafure

an army, and to poffefs himfelf by de-

of the mountains, Herat, part of Chor-

the provinces ceded by the

to the king of Perfia.

fuc**

three hundred camels loaded

with wealth, to the mountains of Afganiftan.

enabled Abdalla to

which

Thus Abdalla

crown of Hindoftan

laid the foundation

of an.

empire, in thofe countries, which formerly compofed the great

monarchy of Ghizni.

Achmet

Abdalla, perceiving the declining Jdate of the

government

in Hindoftan,

croffed the Attock, in the beginning

of the year 11 60, and railing contributions upon his

advanced towards Delhi, with 50000 horfe.

were ftruck with univerfal panic.

and there were
preifure of the

diftracflions in

royal,

The king

The poor

march,
Delhians

himfelf was fick

The
Ahmedi

the councils of the minifters.

danger cemented

Shaw, the prince

Mogul

Kimmir

all

their differences.

ul Dien, the vizier,

Seid Sul^
1

labit'

1747.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

AI D- ^747.

^^^^ Chan, and Seifdar Jung, took the

Olid

with 80000 horfe.

field,

inarched to oppofc the invader.

The

imperial arrny

Delhi upon the i8th of

left

Siljer,

and

advanced to a place called Minoura, ten crores beyond Sirhind.

Abdalla's

army were here

in fight

and both, afraid of the

of a battle, ftrongly entrenched themfelves.

they remained for thirty days
other times negotiating; but
give, Abdalla

would not

In this lituatioa

Ibmetimes fkirmifhing, and

Ahmed Shaw

having no

money

at

to

retreat.

mean time, found means to advance fome

which bore upon the flank of the imperial

Abdalla, in the
pieces of artillery,

In the evening the vizier, being at prayers, received a

army.
fliot

iffue

in the knee,

efteenied

and died that night.

by the army, which

the prince bore the name,

Meer Munnu,

it

in reality

As he was very much

he commanded, though

was propofed

to

Ahmed Shaw, by

the vizier's fon, to conceal his death,

troops,

who depended upon

aftedled

by that accident.

his courage

The

prince,

left

the

and capacity, fhould be

feeing the propriety of

few of his principal Omrahs, and

It was refolved, that the body of the
held a council of war.
vizier fliould be mounted upon his own elephant, in the Howadar,
this nieafure,

called together a

fupported with pillows

they fhould

ifTue

and that in the morning, by day-break,

out of the

camp and engage

the enemy.

Orders were accordingly given that night to the Omrahs, to

hold their troops in readinefs, and their relped:ive ftations appointed to each.

army was

in

In the morning,

motion

their intentions,

the imperial

but Abdalla, having previous notice of

had prepared

The young prince Ahmed

I

before day,

to receive

led the attack with

them

in his

uncommon

camp.

bravery,

and

pF,

^{T

MOGUL EM PJ.R E.

HE

who

and was gallaatly feconded by Meer Muftnu,

performed

furprizing feats of perfonal valour.-r The Perfian defended

with equal refolution, for the fpace of three

felf

length, his entrenchrnents were trodden

down by

himAt
hours.

the elephants,

and the inaperial army poured into his camp.

An

unfortunate circumflance, at this inflant, totally changed

the face of

affairs.

Ilfur

Singh, the fon of Joylingh, raja of

Amere, who commanded twenty thoufand

vizier's

Iffur

horfe,

rode up to the

elephant for orders, and difcovered that he was dead.

Singh was naturally a coward, and only wanted an excufe

to hide his

He

head from danger.

turned immediately his face

and was followed by

all his

of fo great a part of the army drew

many

from the

field,

cularly Seifdar Jung,

his troops

from

nabob of Oud.

troops.
after

The

them,

flight

parti-

Abdalla not only recovered

but prefled hard upon the im-

their confufion,

perialifls in his turn.

MeerMunnu, upon

this urgent occafion, difplayed all the bravery

of a young hero, together with

He

formed

in a

all

the condudb of an old general.

column, and encouraging his troops, by words

and example, bent his whole force againft Abdalla's center. He,
at the fame time, difpatched a meflenger to IfTur Singh and Seifdar
Jung, afluring them that Abdalla was already defeated, and
they would return and

affift

him

in the purfuit,

none of them ever to repafs the Indus.

defired

efl^ect.

They

The

he would permit

flratagem had the

returned in full gallop to the

newed the charge with

if

field,

and re-

great bravery.

Abdalla, having almoft afiured himfelf of the vid:ory, was, by

this

unexpected check,

Munnu

thrown into great confufion.

Meer

took immediate advantage of the enemy's confternation,

Voh.ll, Jppendtx.

*F

drove

A.D.

1747.

SfsVoRY OF THE DECLINE

drove them off the

A. D. 1747.

The

camp.

their

and purfued them

field,

was nearly equal on both

lofs

compleat victory remained to the Moguls

entirely indebted to the furprifing efforts

r^^A
was

upon

.honors

(I

brave

He

officer.

for

beyond

fides;

but 'a

which they were

of Mcer Munnir.

to difcourage Abdalla,

others, rewarded thofe

conferred

who had

who

army,

dif-

their rank

and

colledted his difcomfited

graced fome of his chief Omrahs,

was not enough

fingle defeat

five crorcs

behaved well, and^

with his fword drawn, riding through and through his troops,
encouraged them again to adion.

The Moguls were

farprized, next morning, to fee Abdalla,

purfue, with his

camp.
a

army drawn up

This uncommon

damp upon

whom

not a

little

they prepared ta

in order of battle before their

confidence in a defeated enemy, threw

They

the courage of the conquerors.

contented

themfelves with forming the line, and with flanding in expeftajtion of the charge.

^fof ground, at the

,

.the evening,

The
}

Donade

;i

.interval

Abdalla, as the prince had fome advantage

fame time declined coming to

encamped

action, and, in

at a fmall diftance.

fecond day was fpent in Ikirmifhes, and a diflant can:

Though
folid

but,

upon the

third, to ufe a Perfian expreffion, the

of battle was clofed, and the fliock was very violent.

irregular armies of horfe

make

little

impreffion upon a

body of well-difciplined infantry ; yet when they engage

one another, upon equal terms, each

own arm, and

the battle

is

irregular kind of attack, it

wedged

deed be

as great,

the flrength of his

in general extremely bloody.

This

mufl be allowed, requires a greater

degree of perfonal courage, where

to ftand

trufts to

man

in a clofe battalion,

to

man

is

oppofed, than

where the danger may

in-

but not fo apparent*

Tl>e

tO,F

the mogul

yoiing prince

..Q(%trhe

Ahmed

EMPX.RE.

diftinguifhed himfelf in a particular

and Meer Munnu, tenacious of the

monner

in this adlion

he had

already acquired, was not to be relifted.

an obftinate

reliftance,

being

He

now

lefs

Abdalla, after

ofF the field, and pur-

Here Abdalla,

in fpite of his misfor-

commander, put the

tunes, like an able and gallant

affairs.

glory-

was again driven

fued acrofs the Suttuluz.

iipon his

43

had

loft all his artillery

beft face

and baggage, and

incumbered than the imperial army, he made a

forced march, and, taking a circuit to the right, repafled the

river,

and next day, to the aftonifliment of the prince and Meer

Munnu, was heard

off eighteen crores in

their rear,

in full

march towards Delhi.

Intelligence of Abdalla's

every thing
prevailed.

fell into

Ghazi

march being received

the utmoft confufion, and a general panic

ul

Dien,

the nizam's

coUefted what forces he could,

oppofe Abdalla,

The enemy

would proceed no

in the capital,

further.

fon,

being at court,

and marched out of the

hearing of this army in their front,

His

with one voice, told

troops,

Abdalla, That, before they advanced towards Delhi,

neceffary to defeat the imperial

He

was therefore conftrained

city to

to

it

'^as

army which was behind them.

march back towards the prince

and Meer Munnu, who expected a third battle j but Abdalla

thought it prudent to decline it; and, by night, repaffed the
Moguls, and continued

A
time,

change of

affairs

his rout to Lahore.

at th^e court

of Celhi h'app^niBg'^

prevented the prince and Meer

Munnu from

'

puffuing

They encamped on the banks of the Suttuluz, where

Ahmed Shaw propofed to confer the fubafliip of Lahore upon
any of his Omrahs who would undertake to recover it from

^Abdalla.

Abdalla.

After this offer had been declined by

*F

all

of them,

it

was

A. D. 1747.

THE DECLINE

fjaSTORY OF

44

upon

W^is^ ac<ref>te4

A:^^;

of the

djvifion

Shaw

Munnu ; who,

with a

marched towards Lahore, while

Ahmed

thefe terms

fliiny,

returned with the

by Meer

Mahummud Shaw

to Delhi.

reft

Kimmir

an inviolable friendfliip for his vizier,

In the tottering ftate of the regal authority,

was repofed

that

in

Kimmir's death came

his

own

to

him

He

all

emperor feemed much

the
**

cruel fate

" now
fell

He,

fiifeded.

fit,

upon

old

With

death of

death

upon

till

thefe

words he

and expired
.u.
-

<

Mahummud Shaw
The

of thirty years.
his fon prince

age. Where

fubjedt,

liappened upon 'the

Ribbi ul Sani, in the 1160 year of the Higera,

reign

exclaimed

his throne.
-

The

at lall,

my

which he was fometimes

to

flat-

of the deceafed,

praife

in

thus to break the ftaff of

news of

and, whilft every

fhall I find fo faithful a fervant ?"

into a

fitting

therefore the

In the morning he mounted the

night.

was running out

courtier

his confidence

retired to a private apartment,

throne as ufual, to give public audience

tering

all

Dien Chan.

he immediately confidered

at Delhi,

affairs as defperate.

and wept bitterly

When

minifter.

ul

had

court

Ahmed

.3n

8fli

BF

after a difaftrou^'

endeavored to conceal his

fhould arrive.

He

accordingly,

the 7th day after his father's deceafe, entered Delhi j being

fent for

by exprefs from Ghazi

by the ignorant vulgar,

deaths to violence,

who

to have

ul

Dien Chan,

who was

fuppofed

are ahvays ready to afcribe fuddeji

made away with Mahummud Shawia

Mahummud Shaw
ftature

the

and

aJEFable

learning

was remarkably comely; of a 'lately

deportment* He was no fmall proficient m

of his

country

and he wrote the Arabic and

Perfian languages with the greateft elegance and propriety.

was perfonally brave

per

made

but the

eafinefs

and equality of

his adions appear undecifive

^ ^

and

irrefolute.

his

He
temr

GoodDatured

.e^lTHE MOGtFlP BMPIRlfJ

4$

natured to a fault, he forgave, in others, crimes whidi his

foul

would abhor

become

rity to

commit

to

and thus he permitted his autho-

own

mind

his

abilities,

His

from one objed: to another.

fludluated

Mahummud,"

of

^owas

like the waters

but which

faid a

of a lake,

immediately

fettle

bore with indifference,

Born

eafily agitated

after the

winds are

him

into

well,

by any ftorm,
If his^

laid,"

many

errors,

their natural confequence,

in the funfJiine

ner, educated

we

of a court, brought

among eunuchs,
wonder

are not to

exertion of the

race of

manly

Mahummud,

Timur,

it

man-

whom

they

that the princes of the Eafl fhould

faculties

<^

up' in the b6!bm'

as effeminate as thofe

degenerate in a few generations.

lenity of

he

not with fortitude, the misfortunes

if

luxury, confined within the walls of a zennana, and, in a

guard,

The

**

Mogul who knew him

eafinefs or irrefolution in politicks led

which were

ealily diverted

by whatever perfon was near him.

into any channel,

foul

perpetually

paflions therefore

took no determined courfe of their ownj but were

"

Naturally

a vi(ftim to an ill-judged clemency.

indolent and diffident of his

own

If to thefe obftrudlions to the

of the

common

foul,

we add

the natural

but unfortunate virtue in the

ought not to furprize

that in a country

us,,

crowded with uncommon misforplaced Mahummud in Europe, where

like India, his reign fhould be

Had

tunes.

his

fate

eflablifhed laws fupply the

want of

parts

iii

a monarch, he

have flumbered with reputation upon a throne; and

him

charad^

the

"

'

'

'\

91"

behind,

a good, though not of a great,, prinpf^^vi

'

r-'-s

^.imisar

ix^,

k^wim

left

might

..:

9 ..-It

.i.oil3q 8i?VV

SECTION-

A.

t>'.

1747.

oi

The
A. D. 1747.

THE DECXmE

rfl*tt>^V OP

1|*

III.

Ahmed Shaw.

the 17th of Ribbi ul Sani, in the year 11 60 of the

Higera,

Ahmed Shaw,

the throne of Delhi.

The

the Ton of

Mahummud, mounted
was the ap-

aft of this reign,

firfl:

pointment of Seifdar Jung, the

vizarit.

O N

Hiftory of the Reign of

T TPON
1^

E,!GoT

irrefolute fuba

of Oud, to the

This fellow was originally a merchant of

known

Perfia,

by the name of Abul Munfur. He travelled to India to

his commodities ; and was retained there as an accomptant,

there
fell

by the famous

Chan, governor of Oud.

Sadit

much to his mailer's

him to a command

He

fatisfacftion in that ftation, that

in the army,

daughter in marriage.

His

behaved fo

he advanced

and conferred upon him his

alliance

with Sadit

fo

much

raifed

upon the death of his

the fubafliip of Oud.
Though

his intereft at the court of Delhi, that,

father-in-law, he was raifed to

he was a very bad

and

man

plaufibility

foldier,

fuch was the fmoothnefs of his tongue

of behavior, that he palTed upon the weak

of confiderable parts

which, together with fome know-

ledge in the finances, paved his

Ghazi

ul

way

to the

high employ of

vizier.

Dien continued bukfhi ; and no other material change!

in the adminiftration

The war with

by .Meer

as a

Munnu

Abdalla,

which was how

with various

the court of Delhi

was employed

happened upon the acceflion of Ahmed.

in

fuccefs,

carried

on

in

Punjab

ingrolTed the attention of

for the greateft part of the imperial

that fervice.

Advices,

in the

mean

army
time,

from the Decan, of the death of the famous Nizam ul

.malUck, in the one hundred and fourth year of his age ; and
arrived

that

S>

MOGUL EMPIRE,

.T If

acceded to the government.

that his fecond fon, Nafir Jung,

It

may

not, perhaps, be out of place here, to give a (hort Iketch

of the charader of the Nizam,

who

for a long time

made

fa

great a figure in India.

The Nizam, though no

great Warrior,

was reckoned

mate. politician, in a country where low

craft

and

confumwith-

deceit,

out any principles of honor and integrity, obtain the appellation

The dark dt^figns of his mind lay always concealed behind aji uncommon plaufibility and eloquence of tongue.
His pafGons were fo much under his command, that he was
never known to difcover any violent emotion even upon the mofl
of great

critical

from

parts^

fortitude, but

from deep diffimulation and de0gn.

with him an unalterable

force

and

but this apathy did not

and dangerous occaftons:

maxim

and

moment

divert

defigns.

by

was

bring about with private treachery, what even

to

that the

felf to villainy,
;

It

to ufe ftratagem rather than

He

could be accomplifhed with open force.

(Channel

arife

it

to honefty to

him-

his foul ran in that

was even doubtful whether he could

it

If the

whole current of

fo habituated

for

a.

bring about his moft favored,

Nizam fhewed any tendency

to virtue,

it

When

fubftituting a ' lelFer wickednefs for a greater.

was

fraud

and circumvention could accompliih his purpofe, he never ufed

To fum up

the dagger or bowl.

his charader in a

without ihame, he was perfidious to

all

remorfe, a traitor to his king and country

a hypocrite in the prefence of his god.,

few words;

mankind

without

and, without terror,

^^^.j^^p^

Nafir Jung, the nizam's fon, having rebelled, was at the head of a great

army.

The

man

deceitful old

pathetic letters to Nafir,

k\l<m ^as taken. in the {mxe,

,.,

-;>i*i,irJ.

CUi^^-li^L

counterfeited licknefs fo well, and wrote fuch

requefting to fee

vii,

him

before he died,

vifited his father,, said

.J

iijiiOU

Jl.\}

Jo

that the

was imprifoned.

,f}\l

Al

y"

young

A. D. 1747.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

4
A

D. 1-48.

When
Ghazi

the

news of Nizam

ul Dien,

who was

ul muhick's death

came

to Delhi,

his eldeft fon, applied to the king for

But Nafir Jung, being pofTeffed of his father's

raifed a great army, and marched from Aurungabad

his fubafhip.
trcafure,

towards Delhi

not on pretence of war, but to pay his refpedls-

Ahmed
from a man

to the emperor.

dreaded nothing more than this cere-

n.ionious vifit

at

He

the head of fo great a force.

judged that Nafir Jung, under that fpecious pretext, covered a

delign to extort

He

Decan.

from him

therefore

to the provinces

a confirmation of the fubadary of the

durft not favor the pretenfions of

of the Decan, and confequently was reduced to

the neceffity of confirming Nafir

the

florm was

Ghazi

diverted,

Jung

and the

in his ufurpation.

new Nizam

Thus

returned

to

Aurungabad.

In the year 1161,

Caim Chan

Bunguifli, jagierdarof Feroch-*

having differed with Ali

abad,

Zemindar, they both drew out

Mahummud,

their vaflals

fought about ten crores above Ferochabad,

defeated and

flain.

a neighbouring

and dependents, and

and Caim Chan was

Seifdar Jung, the vizier, being informed of

thefe tranfadions, fent orders to Raja Nevil

Roy,

his

Caim Chan.

the province of Oud, to confifcate the eftate of

The

deputy rigoroufly executed the

upon Caim Chan's

Haves, confined,

Ahmed

five

fons,

deputy in

vizier's orders.

He

feized

together with five of his adopted

and afterwards

aflaflinated

them

at

Chan, another fon of Caim Chan, remained

Allahabad.
ftill

alive;

and, in order to revenge the death of his brothers, raifed the

Patan

tribe,

marched

now acknowledged chief, and

Roy, who had colledted all his forces to

of which he was

againft Nevil

oppofe him.

In

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
In the beginning of

tjle

near Luck^ipw,

place

year 1162,

Oud

Callinuddi.

called

Scarcely four thoufand ftrong

the two armies

The

and flew

his

Roy, feeing

Roy

of Oud,

fell

When

chief,,

his friends,,

in the very center of his

army,

enemy with his own hand. The army of Nevil

him fall, immediately quitted the field. Their

and baggage, and foon

artillery

at:

weje

Patans

The Patan

by revenge, and vigoroufly fupported by

attacked in perfon Nevil

met

but the army of the deputy of

confifted of at leaft twenty thqufand.

infpired

49

after almoft the

whole province

into the vidor's hands.

the news of this difafier arrived at Delhi, Seifdar Jung,

the vizier, talked in a very high

ftrain,

and requefted of the

emperor, that he might be permitted to lead an army againft

Ahmed

The

Chan.

army was

fpent before the

till

the

folftitial

1163, the

put

all

levied,

but the feafon being far

the expedition was deferred

rains fhould be over.

vizier,

from Delhi

fultan confented;

month of Mohirrim,
thoufand men, marched

In the

with an army of eighty

and, without diftindtion of age, fex, or condition,

the Patans he could find to the fword.

With

not intimidated by this great force.

men he marched from

Ahmed Chan was

fcarce. twelve

thoufand

Ferochabad, and met the imperialifts

at

Shuru Sahawir, near that city.

The

da^ happened to.be very windy, and .Ahmed improved

^at cireumftance
.

to

his

windward, and the duit

owja

^ew

[n

iidvantage.

^ch

clquds

He
Ifi

wheeled

to

|he ^ace of the

imperial army, that they did not difcover the motions of

Ahmed;

but afcribed the darknefs which involved themfelves to the effed:3

of a whif Jwiji4,

however,
ftorm,

like a

and

Vol.,

common

II.

at

at that feafon

thunderbolt,

ifi'ued

of the year.

The enemy,

from the bofom of

this

once ftruck the Moguls with terror and difmay.

Appendix.

*G

The

A. p. 1-48.

7OOM
b,^U 13 J 9M]. F T H E

50:

-ft A

A. D. 1749.

rfj.w

The

'

Patans

covered the

made uich ^dodltlb Of

field

DECLINE

their fwdrds, that they foon

and the cowardly Seifdar Jung,

was the firft of his army who fled.

with dead;

without making one

The

T ^

effort,

and Rohillas, though thus fhamefully deferted by

their general, made head againll: Ahmed Chan, and found means
Jates'

which

to carry off the greateft part of the artillery,

twelve hundred pieces of various bores.

tribes returned the

own

guns

to the

king

to flrengthen themfelves againft his authority.

forts,

greatefl part of the province of

numerous

tribe

of Hindoos,

and the Rohillas,

Agra;

But neither of thofe

they carried them to their

This overthrow was a dreadful ftroke

The

coniilled of

who

to the tottering empire.

Cud was

loft

the Jates, a

pofTefled a large territory near

a Patan nation,

who

inhabited the

between Delhi and Lucknow, feeing

the whole imperial force baffled by a petty chief, began to throw
greateft part of the country

oft"

their allegiance.

8?'fmall part

Seifdar Jung, in the

of his army

at

Delhi

mean

time, arrived with

and Ghazi Chan advifed the

king to put him to death for the difgrace which he had drawn

This punifliment would not have been too

but that minifter had
fevere for the vizier's bad behaviour
ftrengthened his intereft by a coalition with Juaeid Chan, the

upon

his

arms.

chief eunuch.

The

queen-mother.

lantry, had,

for

Begum

want of

the chief eunuch.

Kudiia, being a

woman

a better lover, fixed her affe<5tion

She had the addrefs to

him

diredt the

gal-

upon

weak

monarch
upon the throne. Juneid Chan, though in no public employ,
by means of Kudfia's favor, held the helm of government ; and,
in

every thing, and to keep

by his influence, not only faved the

feira in-

in

vizier's life,

leading-ftrings

but continued

his office.

In

OFTHEMOGULEMPIRE.
In the courfe of the fame year, a

51

tonciyded with

treatjr

who were fpreading their devaflations oyer the

fouthern provinces.
The Chout was ftipulated to be regularly
paid by the empire to thofe troublefome barbarians.
Ahmed
the Mahrattors,

Shaw

ordered an army to be levied, to recover the province

Gud

and

it

was foon compleated by

fand Mahrattors,

But

who

tlie

gave the

command

inlifted themfelves in the imperial fervice.

the advice of his mother

of

it

opportunity to retrieve his

IRLaja

i^f

acceffion of forty thou-

inftead of putting himfelf at the head of his forces,

weak emperor, by

her gallant,

might have an

to his vizier, tj^^t^j^

loft

the

honour.

S^ourage Mull, prince of the Jates,

b5^

the Mahrattors fo the imperial army, judged

the acquifition of
it

prudent once

more to join the vizier with all his forces ; fo that the miniller's
army now conlifted of no lefs than one hundred thoufand men.
Seifdar Jung marched from Delhi, in the year 1 1 64, againft

Ahmed Chan

but the Raja of the Jates, inftead of aiding

him, found means

whole campaign without coming

difhonorable peace,

Having fpent

to fruftrate all his deligns.

to adtion,

and returned

to

he patched up a very

Delhi with the Mahrattor

mercenaries at his heels, mutinous for want of their pay.

The demand
roupees,

the

fum

who had

of the Mahrattors amounted to

which the government was

in

no condition

gradually increafed with the delay.

been for fome time

]ift'y

to

Ghazi

foliciting for a royal

laclcS 'of

pay
ul

and

Dien,

com million

for

the fubafhip of the Decan, promifed to pay off the Mahrattor

debt,

upon condition he fhould

appointment.

Ahmed Shaw was

rid of thofe clamorous

receive

from the^"femperor that

glad upon ahy terrhs toj get

and dangerous mercenaries, and accordingly

iffued out the imperial funnuds to Ghazi.

That Oinrah haying

A. D.

17^-9.,

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

iatisfied the

A^ J). <75A.

Mahrattors in their demands upon

them immediately in his own fervice j

a great army of other troops, obtained
for his fon Ghazi, a

youth of

towards the Decan.ir'i

The

were both dead.

fifteen years

office

of buckfhi

of age, ajod marched

'J

'

>f.r,

..r

who had

fucceeded

him

in the government,,

Sillabut Jung, the third fon of the old

Nizam,

upon the Mufnud, which Ghazi claimed by the

fat

of primogeniture.

In the

mohth of Zehidge,

an army of one hundred and

fifty

The

environs of Aurungabad.
<

own

his

elder Ghazi's brother, Nafir Jung, fuba of the Decah,

and his fon Muziffer,

now

Ahmtd, engaged
and having added to them

165, .he, with

thoufand men, arrived in the

forces of his brother,

were fomewhat

jUngj the reigning fuba,

right

inferior in

Sillabut

number,

but they were ftrengthened by a body of French mercenaries,

which,

in

probability,

all

battle

and,

^''^evail

Thiis

was

however,

Sillabut Jung,

fome

after

infure

to

him

afraid of the ilTue

flight fkirmifhes,

with his uncle's wife

did

would

the vidoiy.

of a general

he found means to

to take off his competitor

with poifon*

the perfidious Sillabut Jung fecure to hiftifelf the

'^i^pire of the Decan, without a fival.

But to return
Jung, the

to the tranfadions of the court

vizier,

finding that his

own

of Delhi

him

"^.liofpitality,

^own

life

Seifdar

influence decliVied, and

that Jiineid Chan, the favorite eunuch, carried

invited

all

before him,

and, contrary to the laws of

to an entertainment,

and altogether forgetful that he owed to Juneid his

and fortune,

"than, one of

afTaflinated

him by

the hands of Ilhmaiel

Ahmed Shaw,

his adopted Haves.

being informed

of this prefumptuous villainy, j9ew into a violent rage, degraded

Seifdar

Jung from the

was the effed of

fit

vizarit,

and banifhed him the court.

of palTion

This

for the unfortunate king

was
in

MOGUL EMPIRE.

atH^U'Tir'l
Condition, in fad,

5ifr-lio

to exert fo for his authority,

fidious vizier, finding that

broke

fion,

afiiftance

out into

The

per-

he had noticing to hope from fubmif-

He

open rebelHon.

foon

by the

after,

of the Jates, advanced to Delhi, and befieged Ahmed-

Shaw and young Ghazi,

The

i.

53

the buckflii, in that

Kimmir ul D-ien, who,

fon of

city^i.

>

iir

r;

Mahummud,

in the reign of

held fo long the vizarit, was raifed, under the

title

of

Chan

Chanan, to the Vacant employ of Seifdar Jung, and began to

fhew fome abilities in his new office. Young Ghazi, who was a
f

ryouth of extraordinary parts, defended the city with great refo-

The

hition for three months.

that

Ghazi ventured

of Cud, and

them

to attack

Jung

Seifdar

complete victory.

left his allies,

to extricate themfelves

rebels

fled

were

at laft fo difpirited,

in the field,

and gained a

towards his former fubafliip

the Jates, under Raja Sourage Mull,

from the perilous

fituation to

which he

had brought them,

.(3>;The rebellion

of Seifdar happened in the year

jf^atcs being deferted

Akebut Chan,

The

no condition to keep the

They fled before the imperial army under

their own territories near Agra.
That general

to

the ftrong fortrefs of Billemgur, which he took by capi-

tulation;

but

that

mean

time,

own

fo little did

he put them

rifon,

their

in

i66.

Ghazi.

.field againfi:

.^^i^nvefted

by him, were

he regard
all

to the fword.

The

Jates,

came before the imperial army ; but

ftrength in the field,

fhut themfelves up in their

divided his

his plighted faith to the gar-

army

in the

diffident

of

they feparated their forces, and

forts.

into detachments,

The
and

imperial general alfo

laid at

opce fiege to the

two'flrong fdrrs "of Dieg and Combere, lying in the territory

lietween Agra and Delhi,

Ghazi
ni

A. D. 1751.

A. P.

\'^l?fi

ulDi^u,

the,

thc'U'ar agaiaft the Jutes,

under their two chiefs,

By

acquifition of

this

the imperiahlls were enabled to carry on the fieges

At Delhi, young Ghazi and the new

witli vigor.

tended for die

wards

more effedually
obtained permiflion from the emperor,

Raw, and Raganut Raw.

Jciapa Malhar
llrenglh,

time, to carry, on

thoufand Mahrattors,

in forty

to call

mean

fatal

command

in

its

He marched

Dien prevailed.

This conteft was

of the army.

confequences

vizier

after-

but for the prefent Ghazi ul

with a reinforcement from Delhi;

and, upon his arrival in the country of the Jates, took the

mand

con-

com-

of the imperial army.

The.fieges continued two months after the arrival of Ghazi,

The im-

,^nd the garrifons ,were reduced to the laft extremities.

perialifts, in the

mean

time, had expended

all their

and Ghazi was, upon that account, obliged

ammunition;

to difpatch

Akebut

Mahmood to
The
floras.

Delhi, with a good force, to bring

him

vizier feeing that the ftrong holds

of the Jates muft

foon

the hands of Ghazi,

fall into

the neceffary

fhould he be fupplied with

ammunition, and being extremely jealous of any thing that might

throw honor upon

mind of the weak king

his rival, poifoned the

againft his buckfhi,

by means of forged

inlinuations, that the

young Omrah

enterprizing

genius,

and great

color to fufpicions of that kind

ilead of

promoting his

own

and

villainous

afpired to the throne.

abilities

of Ghazi,

The

gave fome

and the unfortunate Ahmed, in-

caufe againft the Jates, took every

meafure to prevent the fuccefs of Ghazi.

v.^w

letters

'

'

.bbrt ^.Hiir nr rn'(l 3^f?-2/7? ton f

king accordingly begun to levy forces in Demi, and wrote

?iff Tlo f^srf ^rfj -^ibBrn

The

a letter to Raja Sourage Mull, the chief of the Jates, to

jin obftinate defence, and that he himfelf
.jjja^, under ^feten^e Q_f joining tj>e arnn^y

make

him;
under Ghazi, he would

would foon

relieve

mhdt
attack that general in the
iignal

to the Raja,

the king, as

His

ruin.

to Tally

letter fell into the

him of

at

from the
by

if infatuated

court had informed

and

'r^af,

um'iRE.
the fame time difplay a

Combere. Thus
genius, planned his own
of

fort

liis evil

jj

hands of Ghazi, whofe friends

Struck

the intrigues of the vizier.

with the king's ingratitude, and urged on by felf-defence,

immediately refolved upon open

and crofTed the Jumna,

his duty.

Chazi,

'

own

his

fair

**

who

**

was not one.

^ivaiq naif 3

the rivers.

promifes, to bring back that

Raja Sourage Mull.

plotted againfl his

"

me as

**

that

He

What

life,

for

no crime ;

mercy," continued Ghazi,

in the days of rebellion,

weak enough

fycophant,

laws of

is

man,

in.

at

**

can

ex-

when he

treated

prince,

to liften to the bafe infinuations of every

unworthy

God and

to

if to ferve the ftate

a traitor, in the days of loyalty and friendfliip

is

Omrah

wrote him,

he could place no confidence

**

" pedl from Ahmed,

nature,

to rule over brave

men

are juftified to ufe

who, by the
the power which
;

providence has placed in their hands, to prote(5t themfelves

" from

The
was

injuftice."

king perceived, by the

refolved to pufh

durft not engage

to.

vizier,

anfwer to the king's mefTage, returned to

to

letter

the fame time, that

**

and his

king, hearing of Ghazi's approach, halted at Secundra,

and endeavoured, by

him

Ire

raifed the fieges,

Ahmed Shaw

to oppofe

who were marching down between

The

He

hoftility.

at

Delhi,

him

and was

him

lirain

clofely

He made

Ghazi immediately
I

that

gates

Ghazi

He, however,

the beft of his

purfued by Ghazi,

Omrah poflefi^ed himfelf of one of the

Shaw and the vizier fhut themfelves
the citadel.

this letter,

to the laft extremity.

in the field.
fo

of

way

that that

upon which

Ahmed

up, with a fmall party, in

invefted the place;

and the
king,

A. D. i^yz.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

5^
A. D.

753.

king, after a faint refinance, funendered himfdf.

reproaching
liini

him

his intentions

for

and the vizier to

charge

tlxe

againft his

,of

Ghazi, after

life,

oomniitted

The

Akebut Mahmood.

unfortunate fultan was deprived of fight, the next day, by the

means of an hot iron. It is

Akebut Mahmood, without
vice of his patron;

we

have

but,

jio reafon to

Thus ended

by fome, that

faid,

orders,

to

fhew

this

was done by

his zeal for tlie fer-

from the general

of Ghazi,

characfjef

doubt his being concerne4

the reign of the unfortunate

in this cringe.

Ahmed Shaw

who, in his firft exploits, appeared with ibme lu^lre.

When he mounted the throne, as if a<fUon degraded royalty,
he altogether gave himfelf up to indolence.
T^ i^ive the
he
became
the
dupe of every fpecious flattrouble of thinking,
prince,

and

terer,

He

polTefled all the

virtue

unlaniented vidtim of his

at laft fell the

was now,

in

own

clemency of the houfe of Timur ;

fbme meafure,

in perfonal courage, he

may

but that

a vice, in a country fo corrupt,

Though Ahmed was

and In an age To degenerate.

folly.

truly be faid to be a

not defective

coward

in

mind:

dangers appeared formidable to him, through a troubled imagi-

it

He
he had fortitude to furmount.
upon the throne of Delhi feven lunar years ajid one month j

nation,

which, upon

trial,

and was depofed in the month of

Jemmad

ul awiJ, in the

167

of the Higera.

The power and

extent of the empire were very

nifhed in the reign of

Ahmed Shaw.

much

dimi-

All the provinces, except

thofe between the frontiers of the JateSj a

few miles

of Delhi, and Lahore to the weft, were, in

fad:,

to the

eafl:

difmembered

from the government of the houfe of Tirnur, though they paid

nominal allegiance.

The

rich

between the Mahrattors and

5

kingdom of Guzerat was divided

a

Patan

tribe,

called

Babbe

the

Decan

OFTHEMOGULEMPIRE.
Decan was ufurped by the Nizam

57

muluck's family

Bengal,

Behar, and Orilia, by Aliverdi Chan, and his fucceffors

Oud, by

ul

Jung ; Doab, by Ahmed Chan Bunguifh

Seifdar

Mahummud

Kuli

Sourage Mull,

Allahabad, by

the chief of the Jates.

Budaoon, and

provinces to the north of Delhi, v/ere in the hands of

mud

Ali, Sadulla

Patans.
princes in
ritory

tribe of

petty Rajas ftarted up into independent

Bucht Singh feized upon the extenfive

of Marwar, and

the

all

Mahum-

Chan, and other chiefs of the Rohilla

number of

Malava

by Raja

and the countries round Agra,

Madoo Singh

ter-

reigned in the provinces

round Joinagur and Amere.

The

gallant

Meer Munnu

from the north.

He

ftill

oppofed the torrent of invafion

maintained the war with fuccefs, againft

Abdalla, for the provinces of Moultan and Punjab, and, for a

fhort fpace of time,

petty chief, in the

mean

laid claim to jagiers

Every

fupported the declining empire.

time,

and to

by counterfeited grants from Delhi,

diftridls

the country was torn to

pieces by civil wars, and groaned under every fpecies of domefliic

confulion.

Villainy

was

prad:ifed in every

were trodden under foot

religion

and every individual,

II.

Appendk,

law and

and government, were

as if amidft a foreft

could rely upon nothing but the ftrength of his

Vol.

all

the bands of private friend-

fhips and conne5tions, as well as of fociety

broken

form;

of wild beafts,

own

arm.

ECTIO

1<4

a. D. 1755.

HISTORY OF THE t)ECLINE

SECTION
The
A. D,

Hiftory of the Reign of

T TPON

1753.

IV.

Allumgire Sani.

Ahmed Shaw was

the fame day that

deprived of

(ig^U Ghazi ul Dien releafed from confinement Eaz ul

Dien, the fon of

Moaz

and grandfon of Bahadar Shaw,

ul Dien,

the fon and fucceflbr of the famous Aurungzebe.

This prince

was placed by Ghazi upon the throne, by the name of Allumgire. To begin his reign with an zd: of beneficence, he ordered

Timur to be releafed
from prifon, to grace his coronation. It may not be improper
here to fay fornething concerning the inauguration of the Mogul

feventeen perfons of the imperial houfe of

emperors.
t

^'
'

When

a prince

is,

for the

time, feated

firft

upon the throne,

with the royal umbrella over his head, the Omrahs, according
to their dignity,

are ranged in

two. lines before, one

right, the other to his left hand.

titles

and the Omrahs, each in his

upon

his

herald then proclaims his

ftation,

advance with an offer-

ing in gold, which he himfelf receives from their hands.

[The

fuperintendant of the kitchen brings then a golden falv^r,

with

bread,

and other eatables, over which the king,

confections,

joined by the whole court, repeats a form of grace ; and then he

eats

among

little,

and

diftributes the remainder,

the nobility.

This

latter is

introduced by the family of Timur.

his ftate-elephant,

and, attended by

with his

an ancient

own

Mogul ceremony,

The emperor mounts

all

among

then

the court, moves llowly

towards the great Mufgid, throwing, as he advances, gold,

precious ftones, and pearls,

hand,

the populace.

he repeats a prayer, and afterwards divine

fervice

filver,

In the Mufgid
is

performed by

The Chutba,

the Sidder ul fuddur, or the metropolitan of Delhi.

or the genealogy and

titles

of the king, are then read, and he re-

pomp. The
but upon fome feftivals

turns to the palace, with the fame magnificence and

Mogul emperors
they

fit

crowned

are never

crown, which

in ftate, liruier a large golden

by a chain

to the roof of the prefcnce-chamber,

fufpended

is

and ferves the

purpofe of a canopy.
.

Allumgire found himfelf

^is

as

much

a prifoner

He

he was formerly in his confinement.

parts fufficient to extricate himfelf

to wifiich

he owed

to acquire
reftored to

fome

his

advancement ;

was not
toils

but had he

audiority, the empire

original dignity

its

from the

upon the throne,

man

of that power,

made no

efforts

might have been, perhaps,

and fplendor, by the very extraor-

dinary abilities of Ghazi ul Dien.

That Omrah now

poffe.fled

Allumgire, without the capacity of

the office of the vizarit.

guiding the operations of government himfelf, began to turn

his

mean

parts to thwart

by

came from the

vizier, for the

emperor

all

Without

the fchemes of the vizier.

confidering whether the meafure was right or wrong,

ficient that it

of

it

was fuf-

to oppofe it

his minions.

This averfion in the king to Ghazi, did not long cfcape the
penetrating eyes of that young Omrah.
He knew that he was

many

furrounded by

enemies, and therefore was unwilling to

relign an

employ, from which he derived protection

perfoa.

In the

two fadions,

mean time

all

like armies afraid

the motions of one another.

Delhi, during the

of the former

firft

vizier,

of the

was fufpended, and th

iffue

Nothing

own

of a battle, watched

remarkable happened

at

year of Allumgire, but the affaffmation

about

by the orders of Ghazi

bufinefs

to his

ul

fix

months

after

his -imprifoament,

Dien.

*H

But,

A. D.

1753.

A^t>. 'ty/^.

CP THE DECLINE

ril^rt)RY

6^

Wbw

of

in the conrfe

^^^Si?fi

6n

year, the

this

empire received a fevere

by the death of the

its frontiers,

He

gallant

Meer Munnu,

many engagements, defeated Abdalla, and recovered from him the whole province of
No fooner was this brave Omrah dead, than Abdalla reLahore.
by

a fall

from his horfe.

conquered

he had

all

loft

and, advancing to Lahore, confirmed

his fon, then an infant, in the

direction of an experienced

OJ

The

-Ali'

of

court

Gohar*,

with Ghazi

the

was

It

at

laft

ftiould,

that

refolved,
in

conjundtion

march with the imperial army

The treafury was now empty j and the

ul Dien, the vizier,

to the

empire, were grievoufty oppreffed

to raife a force for this expedition.

In the beginning of the year

fifting

under the

north-weft, began to

in the

Allumgire's eldeft fon,

few provinces, fubjed:

money

place,

Omrah.

Delhi.

the Perfians.

agaiiift

for

government of that

great fuccefs of Abdalla,

the

roufe

had, in

169,- the imperial army,

con-

of 80000 men, under the prince and young Ghazi, took

They advanced

field.

to a place called Matchiwarra, about

twenty crores beyond Sirhind.

eftabliflied in his

proceed no

new

Munnu.

The whole campaign

further.

treaty of marriage,
It

They found Abdalla

conquefts, that they thought

between the

vizier

it

fo

well

prudent to

pafted in fettling a

and the daughter of Meer

feems that Omrah, to ftrengthen his intereft

at the

court of Delhi, had, before his death, promifed his daughter to

Ghazi

but, after that event, both the

were extremely averfe

,lay at

Lahore

Matchiwarra,
to the

match.

them

When

the imperial

my

the vizier inveigled both the ladies from

camp, and finding

their confent, he,

to intimidate

to the

young lady and her mother

all

intreaty

was

in vain

,to

obtain

with peculiar bafenefs, clofely confined then?,

into a compliance.

* The

This together with op-

prefent emperor.

prefting

OF

jr

HE

MxOi'G

MP ^ E.

UL E

6i

which he marched, comprehended

of Ghazi on this expedition. After fpending

preffing the provinces, through

the whole exploits

all

the public

money

f;^ithput ftriking a

'

The

vices

in this vain parade, the prince

and

vizier,

blow, returned to Delhi.

caufe of this inadion of the vizier proceeded from ad-

which he

daily received

from

court.

fadtion gained ftrength during his abfence

own ruin,
Upon his

in cafe

tyranny.

his

and he forefaw

his

he fhould meet with a defeat from Abdalla.

return to Delhi,

fupport his

The king and

declining

he found

authority,

it

neceffary,

in order to

with great rigor and

to ad:

Some Omrahs he removed with

the dagger, and others

He confined

the king in the citadel,

he deprived of

their eftates.

and did whatfoever he pleafed,

as if

he himfelf was veiled w-ixk

the regal dignity.

Allumgire,

finding

himfelf

in

difagreeable fituation,

this

adopted a very dangerous plan to extricate himfelf.

-

He

wrote

privately to Abdalla; to advance with his army, to relieve

from the hands of

upon

He

his treacherous vizier.

his arrival on the environs of Delhi,

him

promifed, that

he ihould be joined

by the bulk of the imperial army, under the command of Nigib

1 Dowla, a Rohilla chief, to whom Ghazi had delegated his
own office of buckflii, when he rofe to the employ of vizier.

Thus

the

weak Allumgire,

to avoid

one

evil,

plunged headlong

4nto greater misfortunes.

aMg'^feceive(j''&yfe^

dffurari

^marched from Cabul, where he then kept

'

The

to give hi'Ai

battle

vizier
;

court,

his

Hindoftan with a great army, and, in the year

before Delhi.

f^-om^^Hie^

1
1

7i

entered

appeared

marched out with the imperial

but,^ in ''the field

cioiaqtno Jn3l3ici 3ri7

Sng,

forces

he was def^ied^' hy his

'

friend^..

a. D. 1755.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

A.D.

1757.

friend,

The

Nigib

ul DoAvla,

with the greatcft part of

sanny*

ignorance of Gliazi ul Dien of a plot fo long carried on,

The

^reat proof of his extreme unpopularity.

that

his.

Ghazi was obliged

is

a.

confequence was,

throw himfelf upon the clemency of

to

Abdalla, wlio had fworn vengeance againlT: him, fliould he ever

hands.

fall into his

But fuch was the addrefs of the

he not only found means

Perfian, but even to

to mollify the

He

vizier, that

make him

his friend.

his

but he was foon after reftored by Abdalla himfelf,

office,

wlio

now

was, hov/ever, at

difpofed of every thing,

as if

turned out of

firft

he was abfolute king of

Delhi.

Abdalla entered the

city,

and laid the unfortunate inhabitants

under a contribution of a crore of roupees

difficult to raife

The

fum now more

than ten crores, in the days of Nadir Shaw.

The unhappy

remained two months in Delhi.

Perfian

AUumgire, not only found

that his capital

he himfelf was delivered over again

who had now

The

was robbed, but

that

into the hands of a perfon,

added refentment to ambition and pmver.

Perfian, after thefe tranfaclions, took the prince,

Hedad

Buxffi, brother to the prefent emperor, as hoftage for Allumgire's

future behavior

and, having forced

Meer Munnu's daughter

to

folemnize her marriage with Ghazi,

marched towards Agra.

He, on

took

his

way,

laid fiege to Muttra,

it

by

alTault

and,

having facked the place, put the inhabitants to the fword, for
the enormous crime of attempting to defend their
perty.

part of

This Omrah defended the

city

* Though

the Jates had

th^felves of that

and pro-

After this fcene of barbarity, Abdalla advanced to Agra,

which was held on the

'

lives

all

the king * by Fazil Chan.

with fuch refolution, that Abdalla,

the country round Agra, they had not yet poflelTed

city.

after

MOGUL EMPI RE

OF THE
fome

after fuftaining

lofs,

thought

prudent to

it

but, being exafperated at this repulfe,

field,

from which, they

times iflued,

parties.

The

at

had

who, unable

him

and,

by

When

fedtly infatuated.

to

retired into their ftrong holds

and cut off his ilraggling

Muxadabad,

Perfian returned to a place called

Allumgire came out to pay his

about eight crores from Delhi.

relpedts to

the fiege;

he fpread death and de-

vaftation through the territories of the Jates,

cope with him in the

raife

63

his condudt,

feems to have been per-

the cries of his diftrefTed people reached

heaven, that contemptible monarch, inftead of endeavoring to

alleviate

their

by

either

miferies,

force or

was

negotiation,

The

wholly bent on the gratification of a fenfual appetite.

caufe of his

vifit

to Abdalla,

was to obtain

Mahummud

mediation with Sahibe Zimany, the daughter of

Shaw,

whom

he wanted

to efpoufe

When

averfe to the match.

and

his influence

the princefs herfelf being

inftead of exerting

kings,

their

talents for the protediion of their people, fuffer themfelves to be

abxbrbed in indolence and fenfuality, rebellion becomes patriotifm,

and treafon

In the

ern

itfelf is a. virtue..

mean

time, the

Perfia, into

the

news of fome

incurlions

of Abdalla, recalled that prince

territories

Malleke Jehan, the widow of

from India.

and her daughter Sahibe Zimany, claimed

He

Allumgire.

carried

them both

efpoufed the daughter himfelf.

than ever

Perfian having evacuated

cruel

he extorted money from the poor by

To thefe

tyrannies he

Shaw^

and fome time after

became more

confifcated the eftates of the nobility,

pretences.

Mahummud

his protedlion againft

to Cabul,

The

the imperial provinces, the vizier

five

from the weft-

upon

falfe or

and oppref-

tortures,

and

very frivolous

was Jio lefs drivea by the

neceffity

of fupporting an army to inforce his authority, than he was by

the natural avidity and cruelty-oFhis

own 'unprincipled mind.

a.D.

1757.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

6+

The

A. D. 1753.

king and his cldert Con, Ali Gohar, were, in the mean

The

time, kept ftate prifoners.

1172, and levying

latter

men

thoufand

fix

made his
at

vagrant kind of

means of

infidious

nine months, the vizier,

life for

letters,

other Omrahs, fwore to proted:

in violation of all oaths

to raife

by the

Raw, chief of the

Raja Nagor Mull, and many
him, inveigled him to Delhi,

which

in

Mahrattors, Raja Dewali Singh,

luit,

Rowari, began

After he had continued

the revenues of the adjacent territories.

this

efcape in the year

and

fair

Ittul

promifes, he was inftantly

confined by Ghazi, in the houfe of Alia

Murda Chan, where he

remained for the fpace of two months.

The

having received intelligence that the prince was

vizier

privately attaching

by

their

fome Omrahs

to his intereft,

means, he might again make

remove him

He

to the citadel.

hundred horfe

to

execute

this

and fearing

his efcape,

that,

determined to

ordered a detachment of five

fervice.

The

prince not only

refufed to -comply with the vizier's orders for his removal,

but

ordered the gates of the houfe to be fhut, and, with a few

friends,

betook himfelf to arms.

in Hindoftan are furrounded

The

extremely

reduce

for

clofely

himfelf
houfe,

to

two days;

much

houfes of the nobility

by ftrong walls; and,

a kind of fmall forts.

difficult

The

vizier's

th

in fadt,

troops found
prince.

He

it

are

therefore

was befieged

and, finding that he could not defend

longer from the thoufands that furrounded the

he formed the gallant refolution

to cut his

way through

the enemy.

He

imparted his intentions to his friends, but they fhrunk

from

his propofal as impracticable

him

refolved to attempt this defperate undertaking alone, pro-

mifed to accompany him.

Oa

At

laft,

fix

of them, feeing

the morning of the third day,

they

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE

they mounted their horfes within the court.

thrown open, and they

ers.

way through thoufands of

cut his

with only the

.Ghazi's troops,

fuddenly

forth fword in hand, with the

iflued

He

prince at their head.

The gate was

65

lofs

of one of his gallant follow-

Raja Ramnat, and Seid Ali, were the two principal

concerned in

common

this

extraordinary exploit

horfemen.

men

the other four being

was wounded, but four and the

Seid Ali

prince efcaped without any hurt.

The

prince having thus forced his

army, iflued out of the

Vizierabad, about

city,

way through

and arrived

at

from the fuburbs.

fix crores

the vizier's

place,

Raw,

Ittul

Mahrattor chief, lay encamped with ten thoufand horfe

abad.
port

had been hired

Ittul

him

in

as a

mercenary by the

his tyrannical proceedings

called

the

at Vizier-

vizier, to

fup-

but refenting Ghazi's

breach of promife to the prince, and not being regularly paid,

he

now

thought of plundering the country under the fandtion of

Ali Gohar's name.

of

fix

received him, therefore, with very great

and promifed to fupport him.

refpeft,

The

He

prince, and Ittul

months, to

of Delhi

but

raife

Raw,

accordingly continued, for the fpace

contributions on the provinces to the fouth

as the petty chiefs

of villages had,

mud

confufions of the empire, conftrudted

retired

with their families and

efFeifts,

at the

during the

whither they

forts,

approach of danger,

the Mahrattors found great difficulty in fupporting themfelves, as

none of thofe

forts

could be reduced without a regular fiege, in

which they were very

little

fkilled.

Ittul

Raw,

tired

kind of unprofitable war, propofed to the prince to

Gualier,

where the Mahrattors had now

promifing to give

Yq

I..

II.

him

appendix.

a tradl

eftabliflied a

of this
retire to

government,

of country for his maintenance.

*I

AH

A. D. 1758.
-,

HISTORY OF tHE DECLINE

Gohar thanked the Mahrattor

Ali

His eyes were now turned

^vho ha(!>

^tt

for his generous propofat,

Nigib

t6 another quarter^

,the;,king*^^equeft, betrayed Ghaz^i wl

Dien

was, upon the refnftatement of the vizierf

daJla,

fly

between the

to his jagier of Seeundra,

about forty cjores below Delhi.

The

Raw,

and was received

Secundra,

to the

had no

He

expedition

other

into

witli

affairs,

great

He

to join heartily

Ahmet

refolved

that country,

Abdalla

to

fupport

and to keeip

marched from Candahar, and,

?iE>

the

month of

The
174, arrived in the environs of Delhi.
unhappy Allumgire applied to him for relief; and, if pofnble,^
Ribbi ul awil,

exaggerated his
his vizier.

own

He,

at the

fame

timej,

to give battle to Abdalla.

minifter

htm.

by

his emiffaries,

ftirred

up

who had marched out of the^

The difcerning mind of that
<

foon penetrated into the king's machinations againft

He

did not for a

moment

had already been imbrued

He.

hefitate

in blood,

what

and he

to

do;

his

hands

flarted not at^murder.

refolved to take off the king, and then to let future events

dire(5l his

..

misfortunes, and the unheard-of villainies of

fadions in the army of Ghazi,

city

'

He

more arduous.

aftion there for other enterprizes

accordingly

accord-

than he prepared fc* an-

Hindoftan.

army with the plunder of

thep>- in

Mm

Jumna, arrived at
refpe<^ by Nigib til

tranfa(aions> 4t-^alki':

tfooner fettled his

rivesrs>

crofTcd the

Dowla, who, however, did not think proper

T^0 -\*9tPni

to Ab'^

prince IdOked upon

AS the moft proper perfon to condudt his affairs.

ingly took leave of Ittul

Dowla,'

his officc>

obliged to

h;s

ul

b'ut

Une of adtion.^

LsTli^Tloq 3rf

hm\ jwold sdJ bain^mw

md

bl/'t-?

though

UOGV I EM F m

OF THE
Thoy^

the

They

vants.

{oKAc 'th^i^xrc

to give

party

acquired

all fideis

siiTatfllnate

The

day.

his

mafter.* He

who

ftory eoncerning a Fakier,

as

juft'

knew
He,

As

pretended
to confer

it

faint, to

upon him

fcimiter,

it

the weaknefs-and

therefore,

The

trumped

poor enthufiaftic

a great delire to fee the

would derogate from the reputation of thd

pay a

vilit,

even to a king ; Allumgire refolved

that piece of refpe<5t.-^-But he had

entered the apa;rtment where the holy impoftor

affaffins ftarted

faw himfelf

prophefied and wrought

Ghazi expedted, expreffed

holy Fakier.

vizier

by enemies ; he, therefore, thought

miracles at the Kottulah of Ferofe Shaw.

king,

ifer-

and that prince's

Allumgire,

to

of the mind of Allumgire.

fuperflition

fetlnue "Of

grea,t

and becanie firmly attached

was near with his afmy, feemed

ftrength every

upon

irv

high time to

a.

who

Abdalla^

fome encouragement

hemmed

A. d. 1760.

^i'^'^^^^

pitied his misfortunes,

to his intereft,

in

permitted to ke^p his gqards and a

watf;

up

w^^

kittg

from behind a

curtain,

fat,

no fooner
than two

cut off his head with a

and threw his body, out of a back window, upon the

fands of the Jumna,

none daring to pay the

two days without interment

It lay there
laft office to

the remains of their unfor-

This tragedy was adled

tunate king.

at Delhi,

in the

month of

Ribbi ul Sani, 1174.

Such was the end of Allumgire, who,

and

tranquillity,

might have

lived with

have died with the charader of a

uncommon

abilities in a

fome

reputation,

in any degree pofleffed.

But the times required

neither of

His

which

that

fter, juilice

aflallln againft

unhappy

ftruggles, therefore, againft

the ambition of Ghazi, were puerile and impotent.

employed the

and

king, and the moft vigorous exertion of

the manly faculties of the foul

monarch

faint.

in an age of peace

Had he

the breaft of that treacherous mini-

would have warranted the blow

Ii

had he

poffeffed

courage

"[

M^TORY OF THE

68
A.D.

1760.

courage to have aimed

it

with his

were not wanting.

tunities

man, who

durft not

own

What

4)ECLINE
hand, a thoufand oppor-

then can be faid in favor of a

make one manly

effort for his authority,

^efent indignities whijch he daily received in perfon

The

perfidious vizier ordered the

or

body of the king,

after lying

.two days expofed on the fand of the Jumna, to be privately

interred,

him upon

Pie then took another prince of the blood, and placed

tl^^throne, by the naniepf SJiayy

han^
^

311

i-ivMli

ttfTL1-?.o"lrifi 3fi

SYOijj aaiuod

b3b

ii

owl

Id Ji/a

nii

SECTION

mogul

a^^fafJHE:
-loqqo

EMFJ^RjE.

.bttBrf

I.'

SECTION

V.

Court of Delhi, from the Death

of Allumgire S a n i, to the prefent Times.

Tranfadlons 'at

^the

NIGIB UL DOWLA,
affaflination

his forces to Abdalla.

defertion,

Shocked

retain the office of buckfhi.

whole power, he again betrayed that

all

a.d. i;^!*

of Ghazi, or defirous to transfer to himfelf the

at the villainy

with

fome time before the

had,

of Allumgire, made up matters with the

had the addrefs to

vizier,

who

found himfelf obliged

minifter, and

went over

Ghazi, in confequence of this

alfo

to

make

peace with the

invader.

Thefe

fadtions proved fatal to the

laid the city

unhappy Delhians.

Abdalla
"

under heavy contributions, and inforced the col-

lection

with fuch rigor and cruelty, that the unfortunate inhabi-

tants,

driven to defpair, took up arms.

The

Perfian ordered a

which, without intermiffion, lafted for feven

relentlefs Durannies * were not even then glutted

general malTacre,

The

days.

with flaughter, but the flench of the dead bodies drove them
out of the city.
time,

great part of the buildings were, at the fame

reduced to alhes, and

many

thoufands,

who had

efcaped

the fword, fuffered a lingering death by famine, fitting upon the

fmoaking ruins of

their

own

houfes.

of Delhi, which, in the days of

tefen

crores in length,

people,

* The

became almoft
tribe,

and was
a

its

Thus

the imperial city

glory, extended itfelf feven-

faid to contain

two millions of

heap of rubbifh.

of which Abdalla

is

the chief, are difiinguiQied by that name.

The

'

A.

p. 1^61.

OF THE PiECLINE)

lyjil^&i^

XO,

The ini,rt-*ne5 o^jljhe unfortunate Delhians we^^e not yet at an end..

The Mahrattors, vyhq now, without in termifli on,- traverfed thcj
empire for pUinder, advanced

to partake

of the

fpoils

of Delhi

J^ncow ^an(i. Malharraw, accordingly, pcjcupied the

environs of the city.
The P^rlian marched out againft thetn,

wi^th Abdalla.

and

lj)oth

two

crores

armies joined

place called Mudgen,u Tuckia;

battle, at a

from the depopulated

capital.

The

Mahrattors were

defeated, and purfued one hundred and fifty crores jFrpni the iiel4v^

but they, in the mean time, gave Abdalla the

rciir,

and

fet

were

however,

out

march

full

for Delhi.

fo clofe to their heels,

attempt any thing againft the

city,

that,

flip^

turned, ihi$\

1'jhc |I>urannies,

before they could

they were a fccond time

obliged to retreat.

In' the

mean time

newis arrived, that the Mahrattot chiefs

were advancing with another very numerous army from the

Decan, with a profefTed defign to re-eftablifh the ancient Hindoo
government.

Raw, Baow, and Ibrahim Chan Ghardi,

force, which, independent of the army of

BifTwafs

commanded

this

Mahrattors,

whom

Abdalla had already defeated,

one hundred thoufand

with

terror

the faith:

Siija ul

The Mahommedans were

iiorfe.

they thought

ftnick

neceffary to join Abdalla, to fupport

it

Dowlat,

confifted of

who had

fuccceded his father, the

infamous Seifdar Jung, in the province of Oud,

Bunguifli, chief of the Patans and

all

Ahmed Chan

the petty chieftains of the

Rohillas, haftened with their forces to Delhi.

The

Mahrattors had

now

entered the territories of the Jates,

and fummoned Raja Sourage Mull to join them.

Sourage Mull, as a Hindoo,

Mahommedifm

in India,

wifhed for the extirpation o(

he was too jealous of the power of the

Mahrattors, to obey their orders.

Though

Enraged

at his

obftinacy,,

they

OF rn^ MoSirW WM^iK^

ami fwotd through his dominions, and com-

tltey c-iied

them with

pcfled JbttA at kft to join

Mafif aEtt(wis

^rf^fee

now

India were

whom

one hundred and

now

thoufand men.

con filled of two hiondred thpujTand

af^ the Ms^Bommedans,

obief, of near

fifty

horfe^^

Alimet Abdalla commanded

The

thoufand.

fifty

a. D. 1761.

eyes of

in

all

turned towards the event of a war, upon which,

depended, whether the iupreme power fhould remain with th^

Mahommedans,

or

revert again to

Upon

the Hindoos.

the

Abdalla evacuated Delhi,

approach of the Mahrattors,

and,

having crofled the Jumna, encamped on the oppofite bank.

The

Mahrattore immediately entered the

quarter of

robbing
tiiey

with devallation and death.

it

city,

and

Not

filled

content with

miferable remains of Abdalla's cruelty of every thing

t3ie

poflelTed,

they ftripped

the males and females

all

naked, and wantonly whipped them before them along the

Many now

prayed for death,

as the greateft blefiing,

the hand which inflidled the wound.

among
from

every

Famine

as

from

Many women

being devoured.

ftreets.

and thanked

begun

the unfortunate citizens to fuch a degree, that

their dearefl friends,

quite

to rage

men

fled

beafts of prey, for fear

devoured their

own

of

children,

while fome mothers, of more humanity, were feen dead in the

ftrcets,

with infants

draw a veil over

Ghazi
his

ul

ftill

fucking at their brealls.

this fcene

this time, that

enemy, and inclined to the

Jates,

lo the Mahrattors,

interefts

make up

but his propofals were rejedted.

Raja of the

But

now

let us

of horror.

Dien found, by

therefore endeavoured to

who was

Abdalla was become

He

of Nigib ul Dowla.

matters with the Mahrattors,

He

then turned himfelf to the

in the field an unwilling auxiliary

and perfuaded

him

to defert their caufe,

and

retire

<

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

72
A. D. 1761.

own

retire to his

Thus ended
crowded

country, whither he himfelf accompanied hint.

into a

who

public tranfadlions of Ghazi ul Dien,

the

few years of early youth more crimes and

abilities,

than other confummate villains have done into a long

life

of

Though he did not polTefs the Decan,

grandfather's uncommon crimes, he may truly

wickednefs and treachery.

the fruits of his

be faid to have been the genuine heir of the parts and treafons

of that monfter of iniquity and

The

who had

Jehan,
and,

when

Mahrattors,

villainy.

borne the

aided them, raifed to the throne

AUum

in

reign,

abilities to

But

Behar.

this

this

young

as the

the eldeft fon of

to

image of a king,

title

command

fet

of

had he even

prince,

left

who

omrahs,

time alTumed the

had now no fubjedts

he may be confidered
infult in the midft

Mahommedan

Jewan Bucht,

who had by

prince Ali Gohar,

Shaw

of royalty for a few weeks

title

minds of fome

to quiet the

Shaw

they entered Delhi, confined

for

up by way of

of the ruins of his capital.

Abdalla being informed of the defertion of the Jates, was

extremely
battle

of repaffing the Jumna,

defirous

He,

with the Mahrattors.

and

to

come

marched up

for this purpofe,

along the bank oppofite to the enemy, to Kungipurra,

of fome ftrength, poffefled by Nizabat Chan,

Rohilla chief.

The

Perfian

fummoned him

at the

and inhabitants put

to the fword.

fame time, marched up upon the

confident of their
oppofition,

obferving

to

crofs

own
the

.ftrength,

to furrender,

in his

they became fomewhat afraid,

^

The

and

Mahrattors,

of Delhi,

the ford of

which

affault,

permitted Abdalla,

Jumna,vby

him more bold

fide

a place

an independent

he refufed, and the place was confequently taken by

'the garrifon

to

and, too

without

Ramra:

_but

motions than they expected,

and intrenched themfelves

at

Karnal,

OFTHEMOGULEPvIPIRE,

73

Karnal, in the very fame ground which was occupied formerly by A.D.

Mahummud

Shaw, while Abdalla chofe the more fortunate

Nadir Shaw^

lituation of

Both armies

lay

entrenchments,

in their

fkirmifliing at times with fmall parties.

for

twelve days,

Abdalla,

in the

mean

time, found means to cut off fome Mahrattor convoys, with provifions,

and, by the vigirance and

prevent

all

acftivity

from coming

fupplies

to

of his Durannies, to

the enemy's camp.

-As

famine began to rage among the Mahrattors, they were neceffi-

march out of

tated to
Sani,

174, and to offer battle to

The

accepted.
rattors

fliock

firft

upon the zoth of Jemmad ul

Abdalla, which he immediately

was extremely

violent

driven off the

field,

that he was

vigor,

upon the point of being

v/hen Suja ul Dowlat, well

Ahmed Chan

known to the Britifli

Bunguilh, the Patan chief of Doab,

in India,

and

upon the

flank of the Mahrattors, with ten thoufand horfe.

circumflance immediately turned the fcale of vidlory.

recovered from his confuiion, renewed the

back the enemy.

fand Mahrattors
that as

it

will,

firft

we

Should

credit

fell in thi^ action,

common

charge, were

This
Abdalla

report,

fifty

and in the purfuit

excepting Malhar

fell

charge, and drove

the battle was extremely bloody, for

nerals of the vanquifhed,

the

Mah-

the

advanced with great refolution, and charged Abdalla fword

hand with fuch

in

their lines,

all

Raw, who

thou-

but be
the ge-

lied upor^.

flain.

Abdalla, after having purfued the Mahrattors for the fpace of

three days, returned to Delhi.

prince Ali Gohar,

who had

He

wrote from thence

letters to

proclaimed himfelf king in the pro-

ta return to Delhi, and to take upon

him
management of

the affairs of government.

too prudent to

vince of Behar, under the

Vol.

II.

Ap^endix^

title

of Shaw Allum, requefling

him the
Shaw Allum was

*K

tnift

1761.

74

^ U.

(^76^.

himfclf in the jiand? pf At>d^lla, and therefore that prince,

tfuft

wl)0le aiFairs on the fide of Perfia required his prefence, confirmed

Jewan Bucht * upon the throne of Delhi, under the

Nigib

Dowla,, fr9rn v^^hom he

ul

No

exafted

r\

/'i

annual tribute.

;an,

-r

^h'^'

fooner had Abdalla evacuated Delhi, than the Jates

menced

hollilities againft

Nigib

They

Dowla.

ul

Camgar Chan, Zemindar of Ferochagur> and

The

themfelves hia wealth and territory.

^

took the

The

field.

Jates being

much

feized

upon

this,

him, with a great

Raja Sourage Mull.

chief>

fo that,

com-

upon

fuperior to the force of Nigib ul

became confident of fuccefs

'

appropriated to

minifter,

Jates advanced againft

army, under the conduft of their

The

tuition of

when

Dowla,

the armies approached

within a few miles of one another, near Secundra, the Raja went
carelefsly out,

with fome of his

officers,

Nigib ul Dowla, being informed of

of his

fpies,

this

upon

a hunting party.

circumflance by means

immediately detached a party of

hundfed horfe^

five

under Seidu, a bold partizan, in queft of the Raja, KffA

e{wi'>n

Seidu

iff

fell

,^7o:t^f:irff^M

t'

whofe party confilted of

They engaged fword in hand, with greait

in with Sourage Mull,

about three hundred.

refolution

Wifft

on both

fides

but,

at length,

the Jates were cut

j

to a man, and the Raja's head was brought to Nigib ul Dowlal,

who was

then upon his march to attack the enemy.

The unexr

pe6led appearance of Nigib, in the abfence of their prince and

beft officers, ftruck the Jates. with

univerfal panjc

that very inftant, a horfeman advancing at full fpeed,

Raja's head into their line.

confufion, fo that Nigib ul

Dowla

Uii

t9iiqrn3 sHi

The
c

defeated

fome

them

at

threw the

This circumftance compleated

purfued them, fword in hand,

t>a.ttle.

when,

their

and

with, eafe,

crores frpm. the field of

I0 iswog

arfj

9viv5i oi

^3.'.

prefent emperor's eldeft fon.

The

dF^^HE MOCXfi EMPIRE;

t^^^^he minirter, after this vi<3:ory, returned to Delhi.

75
But he

had not long remained in that capital, before Joahir Singh, the

Mah-

fon and fuccelTor of Sourage Mull, hired twenty thoufand

under Malhar Raw, and advanced with

rattors,

all

his forces to

Nigib ul Dowla was not capable to cope with the Jates

and their auxiliaries in the field. He fhut himfelf up in the city,

Delhi.

where he was befieged

him upon

The

this critical occafion.

reduced to

at laft

However, a handfome prefent

great diftrefs.

faved

months, and

for three

to

Jates,

Malhar Raw
finding them-

were obliged to patch rrp a

peace, and retire into their own country.
Thefe tranfa6tions
happened in the year 1175 of the Higera. Nigib ul Dowla has
been fmce frequently attacked by the Jates to the eaft, and the
felves betrayed

by

their mercenaries,

Seiks to the weft, but he

refolution

But

and

ability. )^

..

of emperor,

title

vince of Allahabad

maintains his ground with, great

-

the adventures of the prince Ali Gohar,

to return to

who, under the

llill

we

have

now

reigns in the fmall pro-

.^ilready obfei-ved,

that he,

parting with the Mahrattors, threw himfelf upon Nigib ul

at Secundra.

He

up arms

to take

could not, however, prevail upon that

in his favor.

a fmall retinue of fervants,

He,

who

With

Lucknow, one of the principal cities of

where Suja ul Dowlat kept then his court.

ceived the king with feeming great

but this was only the

which

is

always

Omrah

thefe

expence, in

he arrived

Oud,
Dowlat re-r

the province of

refpe<ft,

falfe politenefs

lefs deficient in

own

lived at their

at

Dowla

therefore, left Secundra, with

hopes of better days, with their prince.

honors

after

Suja ul

and paid him royal

of an Indian court

ceremony than

in faith.

It

was

not the intereft of Suja ul Dowlat, who, by the villainies of his

father,

the infamous Seifdar Jung, had

prince, to revive the

become an independent

power of the empire, he

ofiot

ibbta 8*1013^^ ja^biq 3flT

therefore declined^
all-

A. D. 1762.

lir&TOmY OF THiE DECLIN1E

Alfl

fcf^erj'^

the

\vith

^~'cf6rmedion

made him

affairs

a Nafir of

iack' of rOuj>ees' iW

of Ali Gohar.

fome elephants,

mdfiey/ and infinuated

He, how-

hotfes,

to

and half a

him;

to leave

his court.

''^AU Gohar,

habad.

and

city

fliip as

nius,

Mahummud Kuli Chan, at that time, poffeffed that

province.
Mahummud received the prince with friend-

well as refpeft;

for

being a

he entertained great hopes of

Shaw Zadda

tunes of the

*.

of ^relieving

the

man

of an enterprizing

railing

himfelf with the for-

it

was

refolved, that, inftead

unfortunate Allumgire from the

at 'Delhi, they fhould

ge-i

After maturely deliberating upon

the plan of their future operations,

Ghazi

turned towards Alia-

in this diftreffed fituation,

tyranny of

endeavor to poffefs themfelves of

the provinces of Bengal and Behar, the revenues of

which might
the power of

army to reftore
Though the Shaw Zadda was the undoubted heir
the empire.
of the ernpire, yet, to take away every pretence of right frorfi
enable

them

Jaffier Ali

had

to fupport a fufficient

Chan,

raifed to the

whom

the Britilh, on account of his villainies,

government of Bengal, he obtained a private

grant of the fubafhips of the three provinces from his father at

mirf bariiinos

Delhi.

Un

vYiIsi oJ

mid

aoicl-u-rfjiw

.S'^Every thing being

now

n^m

-y;'

yqqcrf

concerted, public orders were iffued

to the neighbouring rajas and fogedars, to repair to the ftandard

tf the

troops

Shaw Zadda ; while Mahummud Kirii Chan raifed all the

of Allahabad.
Camgar Chan, one of the principal foge-

dars of Behar,
jraja

Pulwan Singh,

of Amati, and-

* Shaw Zadda

manj

literally fignifies

of Budgepoor, Bulbidder,

other, both

the king's fon

diftinguiftied during the life of his father

3li

raja

Hindoo and Mahomedan

a

title by. which

Ali

Gohar was

Allumgire Sani.
chiefs.

mOnOUL

.lO'^lvIDHE

chiefs, obfeyed the fummon's,

fortune, in the
that

AH Gohar

mean

EMrPJf^li

and joined the princej

him from

time, flocked to

found himfelf foon

all

of

-Soldiers

quarters,

at tlie .head of, fixty

fo

thoufand

men.
In the month of Ribbi ul Sani, of the year

173^ the ShaSr

Zadda marched from Allahabad towards Bengal.

culars of this

war

are well

here, that the prince

Bengal;

and was,

commander

oft

the

known.

Let

was unfuccefsful

at laft,
Britifli

it

TJie parti-

fuffice to

mention

in all his attempts

upon

obliged to furrender himfelf to the

forces,

Geiah in Behar.

at

He

rc-j

ceived intelligence, foon after, of the affaffination of his father

Delhi.

He was

accordingly proclaimed emperor at Patna

nothing being done for him, by the Britilh,

tlie

at;

but

unfortunate

prince found himfelf obliged to throw himfelf into the hands of

Suja ul Dowlat, who, in the abfence of Kuli Chan, had feized

upon the province of Allahabad. The villainy of Suja ul Dowhe invited Kuli Chan to a conference, .and
lat did not reft there
:

bafely alTalfinated

him.

^^

nsiiO i(A laSRcj^

Suja ul Dowlat, having polTefled himfelf of the king's perfon,

He,

fame time, mocked the unhappy man with a farce of royalty, and obliged him to ratify all
grants and commiftions, which might ferve his own purpofes.
clofely confined

him.

at the

Under the fanflion of thefe extorted deeds, Suja ul Dowlat made

war upon the neighboring ftates, in which, however, he was not
When Caffim Ali Chan was driven from the
very fuccefsful.
fubalhip of Bengal, Suja ul Dowlat joined him, in order to re-

He was

cover his government.

and the king being, in his

a fecond time

flight, left

by the

Britifli,

behind him, threw himfelf

'
protedion'.'^* sat^'na''* '{tUiajif sbbfiS wsd'd
aiigmijuA iJiUfii aid
3^1 aril ^ixhub baiftiugitiflib

under our
-iiii

,f^\'jl'doL

defeated at Buxar,

He

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

He

A. D. 1764.

hoped, now, that

as Suja ul

Dowlat's dominions

fell

into

the hands of the Britilh, in confequence of this vidtory, that they

would confer them upon him.

ceived himfelf.

Suja ul

friends.

He

had no money, and confequently -had no

Dowlat was

virtue of the conquerors

They

tation.

pofTefled of

ftill

wealth:

was by no means proof

reftored to

mockery of terms,

But the unfortunate prince de-

him

his

called injuftice

and the

againft temp-^

dominions, and, by a mere

by the name of generofity,^

fmall part of the province of Allahabad was allotted to the

king, for a fubfillence, and die infamous fon of a

more iar^
famous Perfian pedlar enjoys the extenfive province of Oud, as*
But the tranf-*
a feward for a feries of uncommon villainies.
a(5tions of the British Subas in India, will fumifli materiala*
ftill

for a diftin<5t hiftory.

We

that fubjed: in this place;

be, in

fhall not,

as

to

therefore,

mention them

break in upott'
flightly

would

fome meafure, detrading from the fame, which thofe

G"REAT

Men

have

fo juftly acquired.

ill

SECTION

E C

Of

THE

O N

VI.

HiNnosTAN'/'

the orefeut State of

which we have given

fhort fketch

fedtions,

t^'^^.^^

in the preceding

of the Hiftory of Hindoftan, may ferve to throw

on the decline of the great empire of the Moguls in that

light

We

part of the world.

till

Timur

the race of

limits

faw

it

gradually fhrinking into

confined within the narrow;

at laft,

are,

itfelf,

of an infignificant province.

It

muft, however, be al-

uncommon misfortunes of that family, proceeded

no lefs from their own weaknefs, than from the villainy of their
Had a man of parts fucceeded the debility of Mahumfervants.

lowed, that the

mud

Shaw's government, the ancient glory of the empire might

have been

ftill

rellored.

The

revolted fubas were not, theHyi

well eftablifhed in their independence

which Abdalla met with,

the

Moguls could

flill

in the reign of

the unfortunate

naged the

fell

Mahummud
of

affairs

Ahmed, fhewed

that

were

men

Ahmed were

more by do-

into pieces,

than by foreign arms.

fa<ftions,

refiftance

defend themfelves from foreign invafions.

This, like other great dates,

meftic

and the gallant

Even the
of parts

minifters

thofe

polTelled of great

of

who maabilities

and, in the reign of Allumgire Sani, young Ghazi difplayed an

uncommon and
the land

enterprizlng genius.

But virtue had

no principle of honor, patriotifm, or

loyalty,

great abilities produced nothing but great crimes

fled

from

remained

and the eyes

of individuals being wholly intent upon private advantage, the

affairs

of the public

OTT

0 3

fell

into ruin

and confufion.

As

A. D. 1764.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

A. D. 1-64.

As from

the ruins of the extenfive empire of the Moguls,

many independent governments have ftarted up of late years, it

may not be improper, in this place, to take a curfory view of

To

the prefent ftate of Hindoftan.

We

provinces.

begin with the northern

have already obferved, that Candahar, Cabul,

Ghizni, Pifhawir, witli a part of Moultan and Sind, are under

the dominion of

upon the

fide

and

Seiftan,

of Perfia,

over

tains

on that of Tartary.
countries

the

all

before

it

Kerim Chan has

foon extend the empire to

It

of

kings

of

Iqdia

which

is

the

in

formed

moun-

highly pro-

weflern Perfia, he

fettled the
its

alfo,

Abdalla,

defcended from

ancient boundaries towards

the eaft, and drive Abdalla into Hindoftan

dynafty

pofljelTes

part of Chorrajian and

of Afganillan to Lahore and Delhi.

bable that, as

may

the grcateft

almoll

the empire of Gliizni,

That prince

Abdalla.

Bamia,

all

reipns

ifliort,

Ahmet

may

arife

fo

from

that

a third

among

tlie

Afgans;

The

revenues of Abdalla are very confiderable, amounting t6

alxHit three crdres

of roupees.

But

as

he

i^

always in the

fields

and maintains an army of 100,000 horfe, to defend himfelf from*

the Perfians and Tartars, he is in great diftrefs for money.

This circumftance obliges him, not only to opprefs

his

own

fub-

but alfo to carry his depredations to foreign countries.

jeits,

During the competition of the feven confpirators for the throno

But as
of Perfia, Abdalla had little to fear from that quarter.

Kerim Chan has

of his
feel,

as

rivals,

it

we have

eftablifhed himfelf,
is

by the defeat and death

extremely probable, that Abdalla will foon

already obferved,

Chocraffan and Seiftan

the weight of his arms, as

are properly

provinces of the Perfiai>

empire.

However^

8i

However, Abdalla

is,

at prefent,

has taken that favorable opportunity

He

had, in April

with an army of

fifty

uV Dowla, who,

in

manages the

affairs

to Sirhind,

government.

the

name of

The

fuppofed that Nigib

It is

the

prefent emperor's fon,

of Delhi, had, as he himfelf was hard pref-

Nigib

marched out of the

nien.

invading HindoRan.

about forty crores from Delhi,

thoufand horfe.

fed by the Seiks and Jates,

the

for

aiid

1767, defeated the Seiks in three different

and advanced

actions,

peace with Kerim,,

at

called in Abdalla,

Dowla, by our

ul

city to

to take

meet

his ally,

upon him

beft intelligence,

with forty thoufand

armies lay in fight of one another, and they were

bufy in negotiation, and in fettling a plan for their future opera-

mean time, wrote

commanding them

circular letters to all

and demanding a tribute.

Suja ul Dowlat, in

Abdalla, in the

tions.

the princes of India,

King of Kings,
particular,

ing

him

had received a very

for his alliance

perial revenues,

which

fliarp letter

acknowledge him

to

from him, upbraid-

with Infidels, and demanding the im-

had converted

that fuba

to his

own

ufe for

fome years back.

Such was the
our

accounts from Delhi.

laft

but he
buft,

fituation of the affairs

is

now

no

lefs rigor,

as

is

He,

by no means
in fliort,

in India, to reflore the ancient

Vol.

II.

title

is tall

and ro-

remarkably broad,

His

fair.

and expreffive of an

Though he

is

not fo

Nadir Shaw> he fupports his authority with

and he

dinary monarch.

affume the

majeflic,

is

dignity and flrength of mind.

and cruel

is

by

brave and active,

His perfon

His face

fat.

appearance, upon the whole,

fierce

life.

is

Abdalla,

and his complexion moderately

his beard very black,

uncommon

Ahmed

This prince

in the decline of

and inclinable to being

of

is

lefs

brave than that extraor-

the moft likely perfon

now

power of the empire, fhould he

of king of Delhi.

Jppendix,

*L

The

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

^

The Seiks

That

nation,

border upon the Indian dominions of Abdalla,

take their

it is faid,

name of Seiks, which

figni-

DISCIPLES,

from

their being followers

pher of Thibet,

who

taught the idea of a commonwealth, and

fies

of a certain philofo-

the pure dodtrine of Deifm, without any mixture of either the

Mahommedan

Hindoo fuperftitions. They made their firft

appearance about the commencement of this century, in the
i-eign

or

of Bahadar Shaw, but were rather reckoned then a partiSince the empire began to decline,

ticular fedt than a nation.

they have prodigioufly increafed their numbers,

by admitting

ceremony than an
oppofe monarchy.

profelytes of all religions, without any other

which they tender

oath,

The

ftates

government

are perfeftly

form a powerful

they

When

them, to

Seiks are, at prefent, divided into feveral ftates,

their internal

but

to

alliance

againft

their

neighbors.

they are threatened with invafions, an affembly of the

is

called,

the

reftored,

turns,

in

independent of one another,

and a general chofen by them, to lead their

refpedlive quotas of militia into the field

is

which

in

Seiks are

power of

this

but, as foon as peace

kind of dictator

a private capacity,

now

to

his

in poffefllon of the

ceafes,

and he- re-

own community.

The

whole province of Punjab,

the greateft part of Moultan and Sind, both the banks of the

Indus from Cafhmire to Tatta,

Delhi, from Lahore to Sirhind.
a great check

courfe of the

and

They

all

the country towards

have, of late years, been

upon the arms of Abdalla ; and, though

laft

in the

year they have been unfuccefsful againft that

prince in three actions, they are, by no means fubdued,

but

continue a fevere clog upon his ambitious views in India.

The
Jeijar it

chief v/ho leads at prefent the army of the Seiks>

Singh ;
5

there

is a}fo

one Nitteh Singh,

'

who

is

is

in great

efteem

MOGUL EMPIRE.

oy THE
efteem

They

among them.

60000 good

horfe

upon an emergency, mufter

though in India they are efteemed

but,

can,

brave, they chufe rather to carry

on

their

wars by furprize and

ftratagem, than by regular operations in the

principles

of

of religion and government, as

national

By

field.

-well

as

on ^ccounf

they are inveterate enemies to

injuries,

their

Abdalla^

and to the Rohilla powers.

To

the eaft of the dominions of the republic of the Seiks

the countries

which

are poflefled

lie

by the Rohilla Afgans. Nigib

ui

Dowla, whofe hiftoiy is comprehended in the preceding feilions,

is, from his power, as well as from the ftrength of his
councils
and his own bravery, reckoned
of Delhi, in the

name of

to

Nigib

ul

Dowla

to his fon

fufficient to fupport

at

Allahabad, king,

at Delhi.

when hard

60000 horfe

of the Mogul empire

name of

his

but his revenues are not

He continue^

buckfhi, or captain-genera^

the king, he keeps

affift

correfpondence with him, and, without any

Dowla, there

are perfevElly independent

unite with hinl their forces.

up a friendly

neceflit|r,

obedience and a fliew of loyalty.

who

by

and though he has not the power, or per^

haps the inclination, to

Befides Nigib ul

.^i

prefled

one tenth part of that number.

to take the field under the

publickly

Jewan Bucht, who, without any

has been known,

hoftile neighbors, to raife

He

one crore of roupees.

power, maintains a kind of regal dignity

"'

poffeffes the city

on both the banks of the Jumna,

it,

acknowledges the unfortunate Shaw Allum,

and allows a penfion

He

the family of Timur, together with a

confiderable territory around

and his revenues amount

their prince.

ir

profefies

>n

are chiefs of the Rohilla rac^,

but

when danger

The moft

preffes,

they

refpedable of thefe, chiefs

HISTQ^RY OF
who

is.Hafiz Rhimutj

THE DECLINE

poflefles a confiderable diftridt

between

The next to him, in power, is Doondi Chan and

with hini we may number Mutta Huflein, Jacob Ali Chan,
Fatte Chan Zurein, and others of lefs note, who commaiyi jpde-

the rivers.

pendent

'TO

tribes

beyond the Ganges

The whole power

horfe,

to the north of]

of the Rohillas

may amount

fumi{h more of
field.

iv.

io
.

lij

ioo,ooa

to

and an equal number of infantry, upon an emergency

but thefe are fo wretchedly appointed and

ij

.PeUiiv/oQ

are

paid,

that they

than they can imprefs of terror in the

ridicule,

Their infantry

ill

armed with

rockets, pointed with iron,

which they difcharge in vollies among cavalry, which frighten

more with their noife and uncommon appearance, than by the
The Rohillas are remarkable for
execution which they make.
nothing more than their natural antipathy to the Mahrattprs,

which might be turned

views upon Hindoftan

Mahommedans

to advantage

by the

but the truth

fo equally ballance

is,

Britifli in their

that the

Hindoos and

one another in that country,

that by fupppr ^ipg ,9nc,, -w^ -V^^yt- with great facijitj^

There

fi.

is

future

command

a fmall government of the Patans to the ealt of the

;

bounded by the dominions of

the prefent king, by thofe of Suja ul Dowlat, and by the terriRohilla tribes.

/ iii;t)ories

Theif

The

of the Jates*

chabad, which

is

diftril;

fituated

is

capital of this petty principality

bt<']ihe father

who made
by

his abilities

the extent of his power.

Ahmed

a great figure againft Seifdar Jung,

of Suja ul Dowlat, rules over this

fcrniiiiore diftinguiflied

Fero-

upon the banks of the Ganges, a few

proves above the ruins of the celebrated city of Kinnoge.

^ESsjChan Bunguiih,

is

diilridt.

Ahmed

is

and perfonal bravery, than by

His revenues do not exceed

fifty

lacks;

but he always keeps a landing force of two or three thoufand

'iij>-

good

WffJtHE MOGlXL MPIRE.

-^b^a^lic^KH^'^ki^^i febi^ys welfj-'ik^id, iipon an emergency, he
'

raifes ill his

country

who

vaffals,

is full

conUft of about 20000 men.

His

of forts; and he has, confequently, been hitherto

^ble to defend hi mfelf againft the Mahrattors, Jates, and Saja

ul

Dowlat,

who

have refpedlively invaded hia

oo^fPhe city of Agra, and a very confiderable trad: of Country

round

extending along the Jumna, from forty crorea below

it>

and Barampulla, are

The

the Jates.
i

now

raja

back

with

language

The
till

tribes

and

probability,

the reign

trace

made no

Ghizni.

From

it

name; but others,

Jate, which in the Hindoo
.H noqu ewi;
;d'^ 0*^ ?nsh3mmotlrM

to

Mogul empire, ''as^a nation,

of Allumgire, commonly known in Europe by the

Decan, they were

firft

intrepid fellow, called

as to harrafs the rear

In

that

monarch's expedition to the

heard of as a gang of banditti, under an

Chura Mun.

They were then

of the imperial army.

fo daring

After the death of

Allumgire, the Jates took advantage of the growing imbecility

of the empire,

^'"^

Mahmoodof

figure in the

name of Aurungzebe.

'

the banks of the Indus,

take their

fed:s,

fignifies a labourer.

Jates

Jates, is defcended of

the whole body of the Jates, though made tip of

diftindt
lefs

polTeffecl

as the reign of Sultan

-their prince,

many

who

Jits,

Gualier

to

hands of a Hindoo nation, caBed

in the

who, commands the

the ancient race of the

*i as far

"

and ftretching back

that city to within five of Delhi,

dominibnsii^^'^^'f]

and fortifying themfelves among the

hills

of

Narvar, fpread their depredations to the gates of Agra.

Mokun

Mun, commanded

the Jates,

Singh, vvho^ after the death of Chura

took upon himfelf the

title

of Raja.

Their power increafed

under Bodun Singh and Sourage Mull, which

with

titles

ba&UJodi

33irfj

from the emperor.

TO owj to s-^idi ^nibadlt

lafl:

was

dignified

.fxa

r.q^^A 2Yf^Y/f/j

adi

tad

Joahir

HISTORY or
the Jatcs,

and

is

a very

weak

exceed two crores of roupees

India,

pjECLIN^
now

the fon of Sou rage Mull,

Singh,

Joaliir

:i;^E

reigns

over

His revenues do

prince.

jiot

his dominions, like the reft of

He

being harraflbd by the Mahrattojs.

may, upon fome

occafions, be able to bring into the field fixty or feventy thoufand

men,

but he cannot keep long in pay one third of that number.

The dominions
as

of the Jates abound with ftrong

fuch

Dieg, Cumbere, and Aliver; in one of which their prince

though he fpends the

frequently refides^
at

fortrefTes,

Agra.

To

,r,r.T>r

the louth-weft of 4:he Jates,

Mudoo

poffefles a very confiderable territory,

He

at Joinagur.

is

and

of his time

moi]: part
f

Singh, a rajaput

raja,

moft part

refides for the

the fon of Joy Singh, a prince famous for

and other mathematical

his

knowledge

He

entertained above a thoufand learned brahmins for fome years,

in aftronomy,

redtifying the kalendar,

in

^calculation

of]

and

in

making new

tables for the

and for determining the longitude and

eclipfes,

declination of the ftars. The revenues of

Mudoo

Singh are not

very confiderable, being reckoned only eighty lacks

nions being woody, mountainous, and confequently

He

can, however, raife forty thoufand

efteemed a good

is

his domi-^

ill

cultivated.

men ; and he

foldier.

Bordering upon

fciences^

himfelf

is
;

Mudoo Singh, upon

the frontiers of the Decari,

the extenfive country of Marwar, ruled, at prefent, by Bija

Singh,- the fon of

Bucht Singh, and grandfon of

Marwar, when the empire was

annually, five crores

amount

to half that

of the Mahrattors,

JefiTawind Singh.

in a fiourifiiing condition, yielded

of roupees: at prefent

its

revenues do not

fum, on account of the incelTant depredations

its

next neighbours.

T'he next Hindoo government to Marwar,'is that of Odipdur.

The

raja of this

country

is

diftinguifhed

by the naihe of 'Raha.

That

%r THE MOGUL
That

princt, more,

from

His dominions were formerly

very^ extenfive,

of

but,

forefts,

His

and are almofl fur-

His revenues

and he cannot bring into the

inconfiderable,

thoufand meru

fifteen

late years,

circumfcribed within narrower bounds.

rounded by the kingdoms of Malava and Guzerat.

are

Odipour, there are

above

field

In the vallies between the mountains of

many petty independent

Rupnagur, JefTelmere,

his

the rajas of Hindoftan.

all

abound with mountains and

territories

from

his nobility of family than

power, affumes a fupcriority over

they have been

EJVTPIR^.

rajas

Bundi, Cottu,

and Bianere, being governed by their

refpedlive princes, each of

whom

can mufter

eight thou-

fix or

fand men.

The

Mahrattors are the mofl confiderable Hindoo power in

The

Hindoftan.

principal feat of their government

is

Sattarah,

Though

and fometimes Puna, on the coaft towards Bombay.

the genuine Mahrattors

from

yet,

their fuperior

thoufands of

Thefe,

By

river,

tribes

all

of

inftead

plunder.

all

enlift

it

themfelves under their banners.

receive

advances

60000 men,

and fuccefs in depredation,,

bravery

proportion of the

certain

means an army of Mahrattors

this

the farther

pay,

over India do not exceed

fo that

it is

increafes like a

no uncommon thing

{or a force of ten or twelve thoufand genuine Malirattors to

into 100,000,

before they arrive in the place

which they

grow

deftine

to plunder.

The

prefent chief of the Mahrattors

fon of Bagiraw.
territories
late years,

He

poffeiTes

Ragenot Raw, the

one half of Guzerat, and

between that province and the Decan.

extended his conquefts to

and to a part of Allahabad

raja

is

all

He

all

the

has, of

the provinces of Malava,

having reduced

Himmut

Singh,

of Gualier, Anarid Singh, raja of Badawir, Anarid Singh, of

Chunderi, and

ti^e

princes of Dittea, Orcha, Elichpoor, Bandere,

aind

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

and Jafley

all

They

tors.

whom

of

moreover,

have,

which ought,

have become tributary to the Mahrat-

propriety,

in

thcmfelves

pofleffed

annexed

to be

to the

of

Oriffa,

of

fubaflilp

Bengal, according to the late grant of the king to the BritiOi.

Thus

the dominions of the Mahrattors extend quite acrofs the

from the bay of Bengal

peninfula of India,

to the

gulph of

Cambait or Cambay.

The amount

of the revenues of the Mahrattors cannot

They

be afcertained.

They

muflr,

howevdr,"

be very confiderable.

armies "by depredations on their neighbors,

fubfifl their

and are become the terror of the Eaft, more

They

barbarity than their valour.

They demand

hoftilities.

nues of any

province

ing very hardy,

They

dreadful.

oil

thejr

account of their

never want a pretence for

the Chout, or fourth part of the reve-

and,

in

cafe

of

a refufal,.

and lay wafte the country.

vade, plunder,

eafily

incurfioos. are

Their

they in-

hoi-fes

fudden, unexpedled,

generally appoint a place of rendezvous,

their invafions are carried

on

by

det?iched parties.

be-

and
and

Should a

confiderable force at any time oppofe them^ they decline coining'

to

adtion

opium,

The

and,

as

they

invigorate

their

their flight, like their iricurfions,

is

hardy

liorfps

with

very expeditious.

armies of the Mahrattors. do not, like the troops of

other Indian powers, incumber themfelves with bazars or markets.

They

truft for their fubfiftence to the countries

they marcli.

Tjiey are .ai'med with

fii-elocjiS",

through which

fome with match-

lock guns, and others with bows, fpears, javelin?, fwords and daggers.

They

towards forming a dijTciplined

accordingly,

made fome advances

army of infantry. They have,

have, within three years back,

at prefent,

ten or twelve battalions of Seapoys,

uniformly cloathed and armed. rAll the powers of India being

now

fenfible

of the advantages which the Britifh have gained by

difciplined infantry,

turn their thoughts to a fimilar regulation in

their

MOGUL EMPIRE.

OF THE
and

their armies,

to

improve their

which was formerly

artillery,

too unw^eildy and ill-mounted, to be of any fervice in the

To

field.

the eaft of Malava, and to the fouth of Allahabad,

country of Bundelcund, governed by Hindoput.

and very

are of a coniiderable extent

fertile,

His

the

is

territories

and he moreover

draws great wealth from his diamond mines of Hieragur and

He

Punagur.

alfo jclaims a right to the

mines of Sommelpour,

them at prefent.
The annual revenues
of Hindoput amount to near two crores of roupees, including the
Thefehe farms out to merchantprofits arifing from his mines.
adventurers, who purchafe a certain number of fuperficial feet
but another

raja poffeffes

of ground,, and they are permitted to dig down perpendicularly

as. far

as they pleafe..
.

Diamonds beyond

the property of the prince,

who

weight are

a certain

has infpedlors,

to fuperintend

the works.

The

riaja

of Bundelcund

poffeffes the

impregnable

Callinger and feveral other confiderable ftrong holds.

notwithftanding, been obliged to

who

with the Mahrattors,

compound

generally paid

^Between Bundelcund and Cattack, in

fortrefs

He

of

has,

for a certain tribute

him an annual

Orifl'a, lie

vifit.

the rajafhips of

Patna and Sommelpour, which are not very confiderable;

the

country being mountainous, woody, and unhealthy, and the inhabitants barbarous in every refpeifl.

Part of the province of Allahabad

Allum, by

birthright and

title,

power, emperor of Hindoftan.

He

is

now

pofiTefiTed

though nothing

by
lefs

Shaw
fo

in

keeps the poor refemblance

.of a cdurt at AHahabad, where a few ruined Omrahs, in hopes

of better days to their prince, having expended their fortunes in

his fervice,

ftill

exifi:

the ragged penfioners of his poverty, and

burthen his gratitude with their prefence.

Korah and Allahabad,

Vol.

II.

Appendix,

The

diftri(5t:s

of

in the king's pofiefilon, are rated at thirty

*M

lacks.

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE

lacks,

which

one half more than they are able to bear.

is

of gaining by

bad policy, that prints, unfortunate in many

this

has the mortification to fee his poor fubjedls oppreffed

rcfpe<fls,

who farm the revenue,

by thofc

pound with the farmers

while he himfelf is obliged to com-

for half the ftipulated fum.

revenue arifing from Allahabad and Korah, which

medium

eftimate at twelve lacks,

Shaw AUum
Timur.

to

pofTcfTes to fupport the dignity

It

wc may

at a

which

is all

of the imperial houfe

miay not, perhaps, be unacceptable to the public^

place, the charadler of that

in this

delineate,

Befides the

the Britifh pay to die king

twenty-fix lacks out of the revenues of Bengal

jof

Inflead

unfortunate

prince.

vjShAw Allum

is

robuft in his perfon, and about fix feet

His complexion

lugh.

common

is

rather darker than

of Timur, and his countenance

to the race

of that melancholy which naturally

He

tunes.

kind,

pofTeffes perfonal

ai-ofe

courage

which was
is

expreflive

from his many misfor-

but

is

it

of the paffive

and may be rather called fortitude

to bear adverfity, than

which

danger. *He has been

that daring boldnefs

fo often

to give

that

loves to face

difmounted in the courfc of ambition, that he

it

the rein

to retrieve the

the fhadow of

and feems

power of
its

lefs defirous to

his family,

eclipfed majelly.

now fears

make any

efforts

than to live quietly under

His clemency

borders

upon

weaknefs, and his good nature has totally fubverted his authority.

He is

daily induced,

he takes no means
i)e

obeyed.

From

arofe the half

the

to inforce,

is

this blemifii in the

to give

iffue

and which, he

of his misfortunes

ing authority,

and rather

by importunity, to

out orders

is

which

certain, will not

charader of Shaw

AUum,

for the great fecret of eftablifh-

no orders which cannot be inforced,

to fuffer fmall injuries, -than fheAv refefttment, without

power of punilhing.

h ^moih

di ni

MOGUt

OF THE

more than equal

iii.'Hia generofity i

often,

takes

more

army.

allow

him

But though
to

we

MP IKE.

to- his abiUties^i

much

too

is

call

him

His

virtues are

cannot

be a good man.

andvUob

women, r^^aiwl

addicted to

Haram, than

pains to maintain his

fuppof(;;an

tO'

a great pr'mcei^

many

we

imuH:

but they

which never appear with luftre upon a

His judgment is by no means weak j but his paflions

are thofe of private

throne.

are not ftrong

like

He

beftowed.

ill

wax by

life,

the Gafinefs of his temper

every hand

opinion for thofe of

is

therefore n>oulded

and he always gives up his own better

men of

parts. He

inferior

by no means

is

empire, he might have maintained

it

aifable in his

Upon

converfation, but feldom defcends to pleafantry.

though Shaw Allum

is

the whole,

qualified to reftore a loft

with dignity

in profperous

times, artd tranfmitted his name, as a virtuous prince, to pofteri ty.

It is

with great regret that the author, from his regard

whom

cannot fpeak more favorably of a prince, to

to truth',

his gratitude

and attachment are due, for repeated teftimonies of his efteem

and
n

friendfhip.

The

'f

territories

ti^d

^pn-rf o-.

'h<=,.f

of Suja ul Dowlat,'who

two

poflefles the

v6ry

Since his defeat at Buxar,

much

He

'Seapoys,

When

and

has

made

tto

as his

attends

and the proper fegu-

has already formed ten battalions of

great improvements

in

his

artillerj^^.

the news of Abdalla's late invafion came, he levied twel^^e

thoufand horfe, upon a bettet footing, than

,

in

title

Dowlat

Suja ul

to the difcipline of his army,

iation of his finances.

province

out of which he pays nothing

crores of roupees,

the emperor, though he pretends to recognize his

fo\':ereign.

.g^nul

His revenues amouiit

of Oud, border upon thofe of the king.

to near

all

Hindoflan.

He

)is

'

hoWj

the:

himfelf in the

field againil

them,

it is

*M

generally pradtifed

of

the

Britifh

enable

him

to

ally

India, and as his .revenuS\wiU..neyer

is

prbxible

fiis

in

fupport

princifle;

bf

fear,

for

feaf,

fland to

,,}

he has none of honor dr -gratitude, will mak>hitlt)

.hi^gj
the letter of the treaty<iJion arit no .bsbivib ei Jl

S^^rui Pow4at

five feet

extremely handlbme in his per^n> abou^

is

eleven inches in height, and fo nervous and ftrpi^g,

with one ftroke of the fabre> he can cut off the head of a

He

adtive,.paflionate, ambitious;

is

firft

fire

but his genius is ^oo volatile for depth of thought

confcquently more-

fit^ fers

the

manly

exercifes

He

was up before

ruflied into, the fbr^fl^cand

noon of

fun,

hunted down

and he

is

atten-

little

mounted

his horfe,

tigers or deer

till thc^

iHo. then' returned, plunged into the cold bativ

iday.

Haram among

and fpent his afternoons in the

Such was the

tlie

of mthdii

of the ^eld, than

he gave

for deliberation in thetlofct. ^Till.of late

tion to bufinefs.

buffalo.

his penetrating eye feems, at

promife uncommon, acutenefs an4

to

(ight,

thati^

bias

of Suja ul Dowlat's mind

women.^nrj

his

till

the late war;

Ambitio-us- without true policy, and intoxicated with the paffions

of youth,- he began a

Stung with the

which he was foon checked.

career, in

of reputation, his paffions have taken another;

lofs

and.

he

fpends more time at the comptoir of his finances, than

ij^

Hi5

GOurfe^i

now

wdd

aftivity is

employed

in difcipling his

His

dallying with the ladies of his feraglio.

fore,

is

eftablifhed,

reijpediijtblfe

cfud',"

footing.

vv-ith
tlfier

all

unprincipled,

treachefo'us,

ck>us appearatiCe,

with

his

deceitful:

with being heir

to the fruits

his

carrying

ia

'

fpe-^-

when he embraces
to the heart.
Toge-

cburagCi he polTelTes

province of

of hie father's crimes,; he

Oud

is

j.

fituated

to

the north-eaft of the

Ganges, bordering upon Behar^, from which

it is,

on the one

divided by the river Deo, or Gagera, and on t^e ptber

^nBLii^br-'li

in-i-

mind for, 'if we ^cept perfbnal

not one virtue more than Seifdar JungiP^^ii^

Hcrits all his latcnf^bafenefs of

fide>

and

purpofely to betray, and

one hand, will flab with the other

.-TThe

authority, there-,

army on a
fplendid qualities, h6 is

his revenues increafed,

Birt,.

army,

b^
the

thisiOutamnalQk .^(Ftottmiitry
It is divided,

tered.

Thibet.

In the

on the north,

vallies,

which

f;!)rmidable to/Suja uV
o:-.:..

The

Dowlat.

,'(

..c

cultivated

interfedt that

'

immenfe

frojft

ridge of

tbo inconfiderableLtb be

rajas,'

'o^"'^ *a c^.

> nf:'>

and wa-

of mountains

by: a chain

there are feveral independent

hills,

weE

kVel^

is

,!)tdr>

zvi),

i:.:.

3jrl.i

oiio'ih 'ino rfjiw

provinces of Bengal and Kehar are pofleffed by the Britifh

Eaft-India company, in reality, by the right, of arms, though,

by a grant from the prcfent emperor^xr.nPhi^jj^ nod

appearance,

proper place k) enter into particulars coticerning thofe prQ-?

vintel

it

'may

eluding what

fuffice

to obferve, that

called the company's lands and duties

is

chandize, yielded in April,

The

ijl^

upon mcrr

33,025,968 Sicca roupees-

1766,

expences of government^ the tribute to the kiHg>uand .a

penfion

nab^b,

a-

amounted

father,

ballance

15

villainies

feiis

roupees, and confequentlyitli^;

of the company was 10,575,968 roupeeSj iOf.

of our money.
The BritiCb. force in Bengal

s.

regularly armed,

power

on account of the

i^p

of three battalions of Europeans, and thirty of Seapoys,

confifts

are

-"fct

to. ;22, 450,00b

fai^cM:

in'

1,321,994!.

we

Bengal and Behar,

much

upon that eftablifhment,

fuperior, even

at prefent in

In the Decan the

to

fo that

any other
u (U-si*

Hindoftan,
Britifli are

We fupport Mahommed Ali,

we govern

whilcj in fad;>

and uniformly cloathed

difciplined,

almofl as powerful as in Bengal.

nominal nabob of the Carnatic,

as

the country without control,, having,

the pofleflion D,.the garrifon^ and the difpofal of the rgvenuejS,

The power
poi^ielTes

all

of the Nizam,

wbp

relides at

the province ofi.Qolcondai,,

circumfcribed.

howeyef,.

fiill

Hydrab^^,^

f^^,

stl^jDUgh he.

mjKl^.

9f|,^^e], _,y^ry

n^aifif^^ns ^^n; ^ri?iy ;of

60 ;0f

70000 men ; but without difcipline, and ill paid they are by no
means formidable. He, 'forile tithe agbi'"^n^feVed into h treaty
with the

BritifTi, 'bUt 'he1ia^i

Ijeie'tir'it l^drtg^''^
I'^-^'J

df

Idti^ i[iidi\^'ho difpofifibn td-adi-^

v^i^ynO lo

ji-CJ.

'nvh 3fU

bjht^Uy

/Mi

Hydernaig,

HISTORY OF THE D^BCLINE'

Hydcrnaig a

foldier

fortune,

common

from a

raifcd himfelf

of

who, by

Seapoy, to be fovereigii of ahnoft

the coaft of Malabar, thrcateincd,

all

Nizam,

if -he did,

Th^

ti/li.

laft year,- to

tittack

not bf eal^ his unnatural alliance with the

whifh the Nizam

part

his pei-fonal merit,,

will take

upon

the"

Bd-

this occafion^

wil,l

entirely

depend on

tl^e fpirit

of the councils of the

Britifli

on the coaft. As Hydernaig had alfo threatened Mahonimed

AH, naboj) of the 6an^atic, it was judged prudent to march art
arpiy agalnft hjnj

Maf'cli,

767

but what lucqefs n^a^ l^av^

attended, the expedition, has not hitherto reached Europe.

Hydernaig

is

faid to halve thirty difciplined battalions

"

of Sea-^

poys, twenty thoufand good horfe. And a great tra^n of artillery,

wrought by

having ferved

upon

hundred European renegadoes.

five

in perfon in

adtive,

European armies, models

troops

his

pays pund:ually, and enforces difcipline with

their plan,

Together with being an able

rigor.

This prince

and impetuous

foldier,

and if he

politician,

is

he

is

a daring,

not immediately crufhed,

he may prove the moft dangerous enemy that the Britifh have,
hitherto

met with

midable prince in
of the divided

in the Eaft.
all

ftate

He

is,

the moil for-

at prefent,

no doubt, take advantage

of that country, and endeavor to extend his
India, and

he

will,

conquefts.

'

Thus have we,

iii

few words, endeavored

idea of the prefent flate of Hindoftan.

naturally arife

volume.
that the

It

is

from the

fubjeft,

The

might fwell

apparent, however,

to give a getieH^

reflexions whidh*

from what ha&

immenfe regions of Hindoftan might be

a handful of regular troops.

Ten

work

this

all

into'feii

bceri^'faid;'

reduced. by

thoufand European infantry,,

together with the Seapoys in the company's fervice, are not only,
.

fufficient to con(^uer all India, but,

tain

it,

for ages,

as

with proper policy, to main-:

an appendage of the Britifh crown.

This

pontion imay, at nrft fight, appear a paradox, to people unac5

quainted

MOGUL

QFiiJJJE

EMPiB^E.

quainted with the gejiius and difpofition of the- inhabitants of

Hindoilan

but to thofe

have confidered both with atten-

feems not only prad:icable, but eafy.

tion, the thing

That

who

flavery

and oppreffion, which the lodians

fofFer ftoni

make the juftice and regularity of a Britifli government appear to them in the mofh favorabie light.
The
great men of the country have no more idea of patriotifm, thaii
their native princes,

the meaneft

jflaves

whom

chiefs

numerous

and the people can have no attachment to

they regard as tyrants.

in India, that they

comprehend one fourth o the inha-

They

of that extenlive country.

bitants

Soldiers of fortune are fo

are never paid

third of the ilipulated fum, by the priaees of Hindoftan,

renders

them mutinous and difcontentedi

power who fhould pay them

In a country like India, where

all

which

but they would moft

certainly approve tliemfelves obedient, faithful,

fervice of a

one

and brave,

in

thfi

regularly.

religions are tolerated, the

people can have no objed:ion to the Eritilh, on account of theirs.

The army might

be compofed of an equal number of

Mahom-

medans and Hindoos, who would be a check upon one another,

while a fmall body of Europeans would be a fufficient check

The

upon both.
by

European

battalions

officers,

who,

fcehave with juftice to their

fons,

with flronger

juftice

is

prefent,

the ranks.

Men

be

commanded

altogether

they do their duty properly, and

men, may

attach

them

to their per-

foldiers,

human

But

muft revolt againft oppreffion.

is

if

nature, in this, as in all

rnulov

the black officers of the Seapoys muft

This

rife

from

found policy, and ought to be continued.

of family and influence are deterred, by

from entering
tirely

if

to

than any troops born in Europe.

not obferved to

countries, will and

At

ties

ought

into the fervice.

Thefe

this circumftance,

officers are, therefore,, eii-

our creatures, and will never defert a people,,

among

whom
alone'

HISTORY OF THE DECLINE,

cilonc

they can have any power

mean man,

give weight to a

army of

The

no acquired

fufficient to bring

difciplinc will

to the field an

Indians.

advantages of a conqueft of Hindoftan to this country

are dbvious.

vernment
wealth

for

&c.

It

would pay

fliould

pleafe

much

as

to

of the national debt, as go-

Should

difcharge.

the influx of

the price of the neceffaries and conveniences of

raife

life,

the poor, on the other hand, by being eafed of moft of their

would be more

taxes,

grave moralifts,

and humanity
is,

how

able to purchafe them.

This

is

an objedtion of no weight.-- Hindoftan

are trampled

under

by

fadlions.

foot.

It

All laws, divine and

Inftead of one tyrant, as in

the times of the empire, the country

fands

But, fay fome

can fuch a fcheme be reconciled to juftice

at prefent, torn to pieces

human,

now

groans under thou-

and the voice of the oppreiTed multitude reaches heaven.

would, therefore, be promoting the caufe of juftice and hu-

manity, to pull thofe petty tyrants from the height to which

their villainies have raifed them, and to give to fo

of mankind,

and

virtue

juftice.

millions

government founded upon the principles of

The

tafk

is

no

lefs

glorious than

it is prac-^

might be accompliftied with half the blood which

often expended, in Europe, upon an ideal fyftem of a ballance

ticable
is

many

for

it

of power, and in commercial wars, which muft be attended

with

little

eclat,

as

they arc deftitute of ftriking and beneficial

confequfences.

FINIS.

BINDERY INC.
VALTHAM, MA3S.

ViELLS

JAN.

bc8

Date Due

'I',,