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Mechanical Vibrations: Fall 2016

This document provides an overview of the ME-475 Mechanical Vibrations course offered in the fall 2016 semester at the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore. The summary is as follows: The course will cover fundamentals of vibrations including concepts like potential energy, kinetic energy, degrees of freedom in discrete and continuous systems, classification of vibrations, and vibration analysis procedures. It will also cover topics like springs, free and forced vibrations, and equivalent spring configurations. Reading the textbook is important as the class builds upon itself, so students should work to keep up with the material as it is essential to understand vibrations.

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MuhammadKhizarSiddique
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58 views

Mechanical Vibrations: Fall 2016

This document provides an overview of the ME-475 Mechanical Vibrations course offered in the fall 2016 semester at the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore. The summary is as follows: The course will cover fundamentals of vibrations including concepts like potential energy, kinetic energy, degrees of freedom in discrete and continuous systems, classification of vibrations, and vibration analysis procedures. It will also cover topics like springs, free and forced vibrations, and equivalent spring configurations. Reading the textbook is important as the class builds upon itself, so students should work to keep up with the material as it is essential to understand vibrations.

Uploaded by

MuhammadKhizarSiddique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

ME-475

Mechanical Vibrations
Fall 2016

Department of Mechanical Engineering


University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

This Course

Lecture Plan

Be active, pay attention

A rather intense class

Reading the text is important


The class builds on itself essential to start strong and keep up

Lecture 1

Today:

Start Chapter 1, Fundamentals of Vibrations

Why study vibrations?


Noise
Destruction

Wear
Fatigue
4

Basic concepts of vibration

Any motion that repeats itself after an interval of time is


called vibration
Elementary parts of vibrating systems:

Potential energy storage (elastic member)


Kinetic energy storage (inertia)
Energy dissipation (friction, viscosity)

Number of degrees of system

Discrete Vs Continuous system

Understanding vibration
Vibration is an interplay between potential and kinetic energy

Degrees of Freedom
Minimum number of independent variables needed to completely
quantify motion of a system is called its degrees of freedom

(a) Single degree of freedom

(b) Two degrees of freedom

Discrete systems!
Governing equations are ODEs, easy to solve
7

Degrees of Freedom (contd)

Deflection of every point is different


Infinite degrees of freedom

Continuous system!

Governing equations are PDEs, difficult to solve


8

Classification of vibration
1.
2.
3.
4.

Free Vs Forced vibrations


Undamped Vs Damped vibrations
Linear Vs Non-Linear vibrations
Deterministic Vs Random vibrations

Vibration analysis procedure


A physical system is given to you (you have a problem to solve)
1.

You generate an abstraction of that actual system (problem)

2.

In other words, you generate a model of the system

You apply the laws of physics to get the equations that govern the time
evolution of the model

3.

You solve the differential equations to find the solution of interest

4.

Post-processing is performed to understand the results

10

Springs

A component/system that relates a displacement to a force that is


required to produce that displacement
Physically, its often times a mechanical link typically assumed to have
negligible mass and damping
Well work most of the time with linear springs

11

NOTE: After reaching the yield point A,


even a linear spring stops behaving linearly

Spring (Stiffness) Element


x1

x2

F
Hardening

F is the force exerted on the spring


x1, x2 are the displacements of
spring end points

Spring deflection x= x2-x1

Linear springs:

Linear

Force
Softening

F k x k x 2 x1

k = stiffness (units = N/m or lb/in)


Deflection
12

Energy Stored
(linear springs)

1
E k x 2
2

Example (Equivalent Spring)

Assume that mass of beam is negligible in comparison with end mass.


Denote by W=mg weight of the end mass
Static deflection of the cantilever beam is given by

The equivalent spring has the stiffness:

13

Springs Acting in Series


x

x
k1

k2

keq
M

Note that two springs are in series when:


a) They are experiencing the same tension (or compression)
b) Youd add up the deformations to get the total deformation x
Exercise: Show that the equivalent spring constant keq is such that:

1
1 1

keq k1 k2
The idea is that you want to determine one abstract spring that has keq
that deforms by the same amount when its subject to F.
14

Springs Acting in Parallel


x

k1
k2

keq

Note that two springs are in parallel when:


a) They experience the same amount of deformation
b) Youd add up the force experienced by each spring to come up
with the total force F
Exercise: Show that the equivalent spring constant keq is such that:

keq k1 k2
15

Equivalent Spring Stiffness

Another way to compute keq draws on a total potential


energy approach:

Example provided in the textbook


16

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