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This document summarizes key points from Lecture 8 of the Mechanical Vibrations course ME-475 at the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore. The lecture covers graphical representation of roots, root locus, logarithmic decrement, and stability of systems. Logarithmic decrement is a method to determine damping ratio by measuring the decrease in amplitude between peaks of an underdamped vibration. Stability is analyzed for three cases where the parameter alpha is positive, zero, or negative, leading to stable, marginally stable, or unstable systems respectively.

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34 views

9 PDF

This document summarizes key points from Lecture 8 of the Mechanical Vibrations course ME-475 at the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore. The lecture covers graphical representation of roots, root locus, logarithmic decrement, and stability of systems. Logarithmic decrement is a method to determine damping ratio by measuring the decrease in amplitude between peaks of an underdamped vibration. Stability is analyzed for three cases where the parameter alpha is positive, zero, or negative, leading to stable, marginally stable, or unstable systems respectively.

Uploaded by

MuhammadKhizarSiddique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-475

Mechanical Vibrations
Fall 2016

Department of Mechanical Engineering


University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

Lecture 8

Last Time:

Examples of finding natural frequencies and damping ratios for


damped systems

Today:

Graphical Representation of Roots


Root Locus
Logarithmic Decrement
Stability of Systems
2

Graphical Representation of Roots

Root Locus

Logarithmic Decrement

Concept of Logarithmic Decrement comes up only for underdamped systems

What is the context?

Logarithmic Decrement used to gauge the value of damping ration .


To this end, measure the decrement of successive peak amplitudes. Log of this
decrement is denoted by (the logarithmic decrement)
Then is computed based on the value of .

Measure at two successive peaks or at any times t1 and t2 that are off by d. Then

Logarithmic Decrement (Contd)

Then

Nomenclature: logarithmic decrement

When is small (for instance, small damping coefficient c):

Otherwise, solve second order equation, take the positive root as


NOTE: the same value of is obtained when considering any two
consecutive peaks Xm and Xm+1 (doesnt have to be first and second)

Stability of Systems
Different types of stability is shown as:

Stability of Systems (example)

Stability of Systems (example)

Equation of motion of the system is:

For small deflections:

Normalization leads to:

Where:

Case 1: > 0

When
, solution of the governing
equation of represents a stable system and oscillations can be
expressed as:

Where A1 and A2 are constants and natural frequency of the


systems is given as:

Case 1: = 0

When
reduces to:

, the governing equation

Solution can be obtained by integrating twice:

For initial conditions


solution becomes:

and

Case 3: < 0

When
, solution of the governing
equation can be expressed as:

For initial conditions


solution becomes:

and

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