Chapter 3

3.1

(a) No, because f(4) is negative; (b) Yes; (c) No, because f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) =

18
is
19

less than 1.
3.2

3.3

(a) No, because f(1) is negative; (b) Yes; (c) No, because f(0) + f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) +
f(5) is greater than 1.
f ( x ) 0 for each value of x and
k

f ( x) k (k 1) (1 2 k ) k (k 1)
2

x 1

3.4

(a) c(1 2 3 5) 1; thus C

k ( k 1)
1
2

1
15

5 5 5
12

(b) c 5 1 1 ; thus, c
2 3 4
137
k

(c)

f ( x) c

x 1

cS ( k , 2)

x 1

1
k ( k 1)(2k 1)
6
6
Thus, for f ( x ) to be a distribution function, c
, k 0.
k ( k 1)(2k 1)

From Theorem A.1 we obtain S (k ,2)

(d)

x 1

f ( x) c

1

x 1 4

The right-hand sum is a geometric progression with a = 1 and r = 1/4.

For x = 1 to n, this sum equals
n

1
1
4
1/ 4 1
Sn

as n . Therefore, c 3 .
1
3/ 4 3
1
4

3.5

For f ( x ) (1 k )k x to converge to 1, 0 < k < 1.

3.6

For c > 0, f(x) diverges. For c = 0, f(x) = 0 for all x, and it cannot be a density function

3.9

(a) No, because F (4) 1;

23

(b) No, because F (2) F (1);

(c) Yes.

24

3.10

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

f (0)

4 1
;
20 5

f (1)

x0
0 x 1

0
1 / 5

F ( x)
4 / 5
1

3.11 (a)

5 1 1
1 1 1
; (b) ;
6 3 2
2 3 6
0 elsewhere.

3
(b)
4
3 1 1
(e)

4 4 2

3.13 (a)

3.14

1 x 2
2 x

f (1)

1
1
1
1
, f (4) , f (6) and f (10) ,
3
6
3
6

1 x 2
2 x3
3 x 4
4 x5
5 x
3 1 1

4 2 4

(f)

3
4
, f (2) ,
25
25

0
3 / 25

7 / 25
F ( x)
12 / 25
18 / 25

F (1)

(c) f (1)

x 1

F ( x) 0
1 / 15

3 / 15

6 / 15
10 / 15

3.12

2 6 12 3
4 1

, F (2)

20 20 5
20 5

(c)

1
2

(d)

1 3

4 4

3 1

4 4

f (3)

5
6
7
, f (4)
, f (5)
25
25
25

x 1
1 x 2
2 x3
3 x 4
4 x5
5 x

6
3
14 7
24 12
36 18
50

, F (2)

, F (3)

, F (4)

, F (5)
1 , checks
50 25
50 25
50 25
50 25
50

3.15 (a) P ( x x1 ) 1 P( x x1 ) 1 F ( x1 ) for i = 1, 2, , n

(b) P ( x x1 ) 1 P( x xi ) 1 F ( xi 1 ) for i = 2, , n and
P ( x x1 ) 1

Chapter 3

3.16

25

0
1
F ( x ) ( x 2)
5
1

3.17 (a)

2 x7
7 x

f ( x )dx

(b)

x2

1 1 7 1
dx x (7 2) 1
5
5 2 5
2

5 dx 5 (5 3) 5
3

3.18 (a) f ( x ) 0, 0 x , and

f ( x )dx e
0

dx e0 1

(c) P ( x 1) e x dx e1
1

3.19 (a) f ( x ) 0, 0 x 1 and

f ( x )dx 1
0

0.5

(c) P (0.1 x 0.5)

3x dx 0.124
2

0.1
3.2

3.20 (a)

3.2 1
1
1 yz
( y 1)dy y
(8.32 4) 0.54
8
8 2
2 8

3.2 1
1
1 yx
( y 1)dy y
(8.32 7.105) 0.1519
8
8 2
2.9 8
2.9
3.2

(b)

y 1 y2
1

1
1 t2
1 y2
(t 1)dt y y 4 y 4
8
8 2
8 2
2 8 2
8

2
y

3.21

1 y2
F ( y) y 4

8 2
1

y2
2 y4
4 y

1 3.2 2
3.2 4 0.54
(a) F (3.2)
8 2

26

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

1 2.92
(b) F (3.2) F (2.9) 0.54
2.9 4 0.54 0.3881 0.1519
8 2

3.22 (a) 1

c
x1/2 4
dx c x 1/2 dx c
4c
1/ 2 0
x
0

(b)

Px

1/4

1
x

P ( x 1) 1

3.23

1
x
2
0
1
F ( x)
x
2
1

dx

1
4

1 1/2
1 x 1/ 4 1 1 1
x dx

4
4 1/ 2 0
2 2 4

dx 1

1 1
1
x
0 2
2

F ( x)

x0
0 x4
4 x

1 1
1 1 1 1
F and 1 = F (1) 1
4 2 2 4
2 2
z

3.24

F ( z ) k ze z dz k
z

2e

du

z
k
k
[1 e u ] (1 e z )
2
2

k=2

z0

3.25

0
F ( z)
zz
1 e

3.26

1/ 4 3
1
1
5

P x (3x 2 2 x 3 )

0
4
16 32 32

z0

1
1

3 1 1
P x 6 x (1 x )dx (3x 2 2 x 3 )
1

4 4 2
1/ 2
2 1/2

3.27

F ( x ) 6 x (1 x )dx 3x 2 x
2

Px

1 3
2
5

and P x

4
16 64 32

x0
2
3
F ( x ) 3 x 2 x 0 x 1

1 x
1

1
3 2 1
1
2
4 8
2

Chapter 3

27

3.28

x2
2

F ( x ) x dx
0

0 to 1

1
1
x2 x 1
x2 3
(2 x )dx 2 x 2 x

2 1
2
21 2
2 2
x

F ( x)

2x

x2
1
2

1
3

1 to 2

0
x0

2
x

0 x 1

2
F ( x)
2
2x x 1 1 x 2

1
2 x

3.29

F ( x)

3 dx 3 x

0 to 1 F ( x )

0
1

x
3
1
2 to 4 F ( x )
3
1
3 ( x 1)

1
F ( x ) ( x 2)
3
1
(x 1
3

3.30 (a)

0.8

(b)

1.2

x dx

(2 x )dx

x0
0 x 1
1 x 2
2 x4
4 x

x2 1
x 2 1.2 1
1

2x
0.32) 2.4 0.72 2 0.36

2 0.8
2 1
2
2

F (1.2) F (0.8) 2(1.2)

(0.8)2
(1.2) 2
1
2
2

2.4 0.72 1 0.32 0.36

3.31

x0

F ( x) 0

0 x 1

F ( x)

1 x 2
2 x3
3 x

x2
4
1
1
F ( x) x
2
4
3
x2 5
F ( x) x

2
4 4
F ( x) 1

1
4
3
F(2)
4
F(1)

F (3) = 1

28

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

3.32 (a)

3.33

F (3) F (2) 1 1 0

dF 1
1
, f ( x ) for 1 x 1 ; 0 elsewhere
dx 2
2
1 1
1
1
P x 1 ; P (2 x 3) = 0
2

2
2
2

3.34 (a)

(b)
3.35

1
1 3 1 1
F F ;
2
2 4 4 2

F (5) 1

9 16

25 25

1 F (8) 1 1

9
9

64 64

dF 18

for y 0; elsewhere
dy y 2

(a)

3.37

18
9 5
9
16
;
dy 2 1
2
25
25
y
y 3
3

(b)

18

dy

9
9
9
0

2
64 64
y 8

P ( x 2) F (2) 1 3e2 1 3(0.1353) 1 0.4074 0.5926

P (1 x 3) F (3) F (1) 1 4e2 1 2e 1 4e 2
=2(0.3679) 4(0.0498) 0.7358 0.1992 0.5366
P ( x 4) 1 F (4) 5e4 5(0.0183) 0.0915

3.38

dF
xe x for > 0; 0 elsewhere
dx

3.39 (a)
(b)

for 0 x 0.5

(c)

for 0.5 x 1

(d)

for x 1

3.40 (a)

3.41

for x 0

f ( x ) 0;

F ( x) 0
1
F ( x) x
2
1
1 3 1
F ( x ) x x 1

2
2 4 2
f ( x) 0
1
(b) f ( x ) ;
2

1
(c) f ( x ) ;
2

(d) f ( x ) 0

2 4 1
1
5 1 3
, P ( Z 2) , P ( 2 Z 1)
8
4
4
8 4 8
1 1
and P (0 z 2) 1
2 2
P ( Z 2)

Chapter 3

29

3.42 (a)

1
;
20

3.43 (a)

1 1 1
;
6 12 4

3.44

(b)

1 1 3
;
4 8 8

(c)

1 1 1 1
;
6 4 12 2

(b) 0 ;

(c)

1 1 1
7

;
12 6 24 24

(d)

1 1
1
28
7

6 24 40 120 30

(d) 1

1
119

120 120

c(2 5 10 1 4 9 2 5 10 10 13 18) 1
1
c
89

3.45 (a)
(c)
3.46 (a)

1
29
1
5
(10 9 10)
; (b)
(1 4)
89
89
89
89
1
55
(9 5 10 13 18)
89
89
k (0 2 8 0 1 2) 1
f(3, 1) differs in sign from all other terms

3.47
0
0
y

1
2

3.48 (a)
(b)
(c)

0
1
30
1
15

x
1
2
1
1
30
15
1
1
15
10
1
2
10
15
density

y
1
2
3
1
1
1
0
30
10
5
1
2
3
8
30
15
10
15
1
3
3
1
10
10
5
joint distribution function
0

0
1
2

P ( x , y ) 0
P ( x , y ) 1
F (b, c) F ( a , c ) three probabilities
F (b, c) F ( a , c )

xy 2 x
x ( x y )dy dx k x 2 y
dx
2 x

0 x
0

1 x

3.49

3
1
10
2
15
1
6

x3
x3
k
k x3
x 3 dx k 2 x 3 dx 1
2
2
2

0
0
1

k=2

30

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

1/2 1/2 x

3.50

24

1/2

xy dy dx 24

2
xy 2 1 / 2 x
1

dx 12 x x dx
2

0
2
0
1/2

x2 x2 x4 1 / 2
1
1
x

1
12 x 2 x 3 dx 12

12

4

3
4 0
32 24 64
8
0
12
12
1

(6 8 3)
64 3
3 64 16
1/2

3.51

1
2

(a)
(b)
(c)

3.52

(a)

1/2

1 2 2
4 5
1 2 1
2 3 3
9 9
1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1
2
2 3 3 2 3 3 9 3
F ( x, y ) 2 xy for x 0, y 0, x y 1
1 1 1
2
2 2 2

1
1
dx dy
dx dy
y
y0
1/4 1/2 y
1/2

3.53

1
1 ln 2=1-0.3466=0.6534
2

3.54

2
2
2
2
2
2
F
2 xe x 2 ye y 4 xy x e y 4 xye ( x y )
y x
and f ( x, y ) 0 elsewhere

3.55

2 xe

dx 2 ye

3.56

e
2

3.58

y2

dy e u du e u

dx e dy e x

2
3

3
2
3 2
(e e )
2

F (b, d ) F (a , d ) F (b, c ) F ( a , c )

4
( e1 e 4 )2
1

F
2 F
e x e x y
e x y x 0, y 0
x
xy
= 0 elsewhere
3

3.57

x2

x 0, y 0

Chapter 3

31

3.59 a = 1, b = 3, c = 1, d = 2
F (3,2) F (1,2) F (3,1) F (1,1)
(1 e3 )(1 e 2 ) (1 e 1 )(1 e 2 ) (1 e 3 )(1 e 1 ) (1 e 1 )(1 e 1 )
(1 e2 ) (1 e 3 ) (1 e 1 ) (1 e 1 ) (1 e2 ) (1 e 1 )
(1 e 2 )(1 e1 ) (1 e3 ) (1 e 1 )
( e 1 e 2 )( e 1 e 3 ) 0.074

3.60

F (2,2) F (1,2) F (2,1) F (1,1)

(1 e4 )(1 e 4 ) (1 e1 )(1 e 4 ) (1 e 1 )(1 e4 ) (1 e 1 )(1 e 1 )
(1 e4 ) (1 e 4 ) (1 e 1 ) (1 e 1 ) (1 e 4 ) (1 e1 )
(1 e4 )( e1 e 4 ) (1 e 1 )( e1 e 4 )
( e 1 e 4 )( e 1 e 4 ) ( e 1 e 4 )2

3.61

F (3,3) F (2,3) F (3,2) F (2,2)

(1 e3 e 3 e 6 )
(1 e 2 e 3 e5 ) (1 e 2 e2 e 5 (1 e 2 e2 e 4 )
e 4 2e 5 e 6 ( e2 e 3 )2

QED

3.62 x = 1, 2
y = 1, 2, 3
z = 1, 2
(1 2 2 4 3 6 2 4 4 8 6 12)k 1
1
k
54
1
1
(1 2)
54
18
1
14 7
(8 6)

54
54 27

3.63 (a)
(b)

1
9 1
(1 2 2 4)
;
54
54 6

3.64 (a)

(b) 0;

1 1 z 1 y z

3.65

0 0

1 1 z

xy (1 z ) dx dy dz

2 (1 y z)

y (1 z ) dy dz

0 0

1 1 z 1 y z

0 0

xy (1 z ) dx dy dz 1 k = 144

(c) 1

32

Mathematical Statistics, 8E
1/2 1/2 x 1 x y

3.66

3.68 (a)

144 xy (1 z ) dz dy dx 0.15625

1
3

1/2 1/2 1/2

(2 x 3 y z) dz dy dx
0

1
3
1
3
1
3

1/2 1/2

1/2 1/2

z2 1 / 2
(2
3
)
x

y
z

dy dx

2 0

x 2 y 8 dy dx
0

1/2

3 2 1 1/ 2
1

xy y y 0 dx
4
8
3

1/2

2 x 16 16 dx
0

1 1
3
1 1 6
1

3 16 32 32 3 32 16

3.69 (a)
(b)
(c)

1
3
, g (1)
4
4
5
1
1
h (1) , h (0) , h(1)
8
4
8
1/ 8
1
1/ 2
4
f ( 1 1)
; f (1 1)

1/ 8 1/ 2 5
1/ 8 1/ 2 5
g ( 1)

1 1 1
1
7
1 1 1
7

; g (1)

12 4 8 120 15
6 4 20 15
1
1
1
g(2)

24 40 15

3.70 (a)

g (0)

(b)

h (0)

1 1 1
7
;

12 6 24 24

h (2)

1 1
7
;

8 20 40

h (1)

h(3)

1
120
f (2 1)

1 / 40
1

21 / 20 21

1 / 12
5
1/ 4
15
; w(1 0)
;

56 / 120 28
56 / 120 28
1 / 120
1
w(3 0)

56 / 120 56

w(2 0)

(c)

f (0 1)

(d)

w(0 0)

1/ 4
10
;

21 / 40 21

1 1 1 21

4 4 40 40

f (1 1)

10
;
21

1/8
15

56 / 120 56

Chapter 3

3.71 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

3.72 (a)

33

xy
xy
(1 2)
for x 1,2,3 ; y 1,2,3
108
36
xz
xz
n ( x, z )
(1 2 3)
for x 1,2,3 ; z 1,2
108
18
x
x
g ( x ) (1 2 3) for x 1,2,3
36
6
z / 64 z
( z 1,2)
for z 1,2
2 / 36 3
yz / 36 yz
( y , z 3)

for y 1,2,3 ; z 1,2

1/ 2
18
m( x, y )

g(0)

5
1
1
, g(1) ; g(2)
12
2
12

2/9 4

7 / 18 7
1/ 6 3
f (1 1)

7 / 18 7
f (0 1)

(b)

3.73 (a)

f ( x)

(b)

f (0)

0
5 / 12

G( x)
11 / 12
1
0

F ( x 1) 4 / 7
1

(b)

1 x 2
2 x
x0
0 x 1
1 x

1
1
1 1 1
for x 1, 1 ; g ( y ) for y 1, 1 ; , independent
2
2
2 2 4

2
1
1
2
, f (1) , g (0) , g(1)
3
3
3
3
1 2 1 2
f (0,0)
not independent
3 3 3 9
y2 2 1
1
1
1
(2 x y ) dy 2 xy (4 x 2) (2 x 1) for 0 x 1
40
4
2 0 4
2
= 0 elsewhere
2

3.74 (a)

x0
0 x 1

11

1
1 4 2
f y
(2 y 1) for 0 y 2
1
3
4
6

2 2
= 0 elsewhere

34

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

3.75 (a)

1 1
1
1
(2 x y ) dx ( x 2 xy ) (1 y ) for 0 y 2
0 4
40
4

= 0 elsewhere

(b)

1
(2 x 1) 1
f ( x 1) 4
(2 x 1) for 0 x 1
1
2
(2)
4
= 0 elsewhere
1 x

3.76 (a)

f ( x ) 24

y xy 2 y 3 1 x
( y xy y 2 )dy 24

2
3 0
2

12(1 x )2 12 x (1 x )2 8(1 x )3
12(1 x )3 8(1 x )3 4(1 x )3
4(1 x )3
f ( x)
0

0 x 1
elsewhere

1 y

(b)

g ( y ) 24

( y xy y
0

)dy 24 y (1 y ) y (1 y )2 y 2 (1 y )
2

1
24(1 y ) 1 (1 y )
2

1 y
y 24 y (1 y )

2 2

12 y (1 y )2

f ( x, y ) f ( x ) g ( y ) not independent

3.77

(a)

g ( x)

ln x
0

y dy ln y x ln1 ln x
x

(b)

h( y )

y dx y ( y 0) 0
0

1
1 ( ln x ) not independent
y

0 x 1
elsewhere

0 x 1
elsewhere

0 y 1
elsewhere

Chapter 3

35

( x1 x2 )e x3 x1 x2
f ( x2 x1 , x3 )

1
1 x2

x1

x
e
2

2
2

3.78 (a)

1
2
x2 2 6 x
1

f x2 ,2 3
5
3 1 1

0
3 2

elsewhere

1
x
( x1 x2 )e x3 x2 e 3

2
g ( x2 , x3 x1 )
1

x2
0

(b)

3.79

0 x2 1

g ( x)

0 x2 1, x3 0
elsewhere

G( x)

f ( x, y ) dy

f ( x, y ) dy F ( x, )

1 e x 2
G ( x ) F ( x, )
0

x0
elsewhere

3.80

M ( x1 , x3 )

f ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) dx2 F ( x1 , , x3 )

G ( x1 )

f ( x , x , x ) dx
1

dx3 F ( x1 , , )

(a)

(b)

0
1

M ( x2 , x3 ) x1 ( x1 1)( 1 e x3 )
2
1 e x3
0

1
G ( x1 ) x1 ( x1 1)
2
1

x1 0
0 x1 1
1 x1

x1 0 or x3 0
0 x1 1, x3 0
x1 1, x3 0

36

3.81

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

x
g ( x1 ) 1 2
0
x
e 3
0

x
h ( x2 ) 2 2
0

0 x1 1
elsewhere
elsewhere

f ( x1, x2 , x3 ) g ( x1 ) h( x2 ) ( x3 )

not independent

m( x1 , x3 ) g ( x1 ) ( x3 )
n ( x2 , x3 ) h( x2 ) ( x3 )

independent
independent

3.82

(a)

(b)

(b)

g ( x, y ) 6
0
1

/4
6

0 x 2, 0 y 3
elsewhere

24

5
5
3
, g(1)
, g(2)
14
28
28
3.28
3
6 / 28
6
1 / 28
1
(0 0)
, (1 0)

, (2 0)

10 / 28 10
10 / 28 10
10 / 28 10
g(0)

3.83

Heads
0
1
2
3
4

3.84

1
1
1
2
2
3
(a)

elsewhere

x3 1

( x3 )

(a)

0 x2 1

Tails
4
3
2
1
0

Probability
1/16
4/16
6/16
4/16
1/16

2
3
4
3
4
4

3
4
5
5
6
7

x
f ( x)

3
1/6

0
1 / 6

2 / 6
F ( x)
4 / 6
5 / 6

x3

3 x 4
4 x5
5 x 6
6 x7
7 x

4
1/6

5
2/6

H-T
4
2
0
2
4

6
1/6

7
1/6

Chapter 3

3.85

3.86

3.87

37

P( H )

2
3
1
6
1 2 2 12
8
, P (1)
, P (2) 3, , ,
, P (3)
27
27
3 3 3 27
27

(a)

P (0)

(b)

1
6 12 19

27 27 27 27

0
1 / 27

F ( x ) 7 / 27
19 / 27

1
0
0.40

F (V ) 0.70
0.90

3.88 (a)
(b)

x0
0 x 1
1 x 2
2 x3
3 x

7 20

27 27
19 8
(b) 1

27 27
(a) 1

V 0
0 V 1
1V 2
2 V 3
3V

0.20 0.10 0.30

1 0.70 0.30

3.89 Yes; f ( x ) 0 for x 2,3,12 and

12

f ( x) 1
x2

3.90 S

3.91 (a)
(c)

3.92

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1/36 3/36 6/36 10/36 15/36 21/36 26/36 30/36 33/36 35/36 1
1
1
(228.65 227.5) 0.23 ; (b) (231.66 229.34) 0.464 ;
5
5
1
(232.5 229.85) 0.53
5

F ( x)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

1
1
x3 1
(36 x 2 )dx c
36
x

so that F(6) = 0 and F(6) = 1.

288
288
3 2

1
8 1
1 208 1 7
( 72 )

288
3 2 288 3
2 27
1
1 1
1 107 1 757 1 325
F (6) F (1) 1
(36 ) 1

288
3 2
288 3
2 864 2 854
1
1
1 99
1 107
190
95
F (3) F (1)
(108 9)

36
288
288
3
288 288 3
288 3 432
0
F ( 2)

38

3.93

3.94

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

(a)

1 x /30
1 e x /30
e
dx c
c c e x /30 1 e x /30
30
30 1 / 30
F (18) 1 e 18/30 1 e 0.6 1 0.5488 0.4512

(b)

F (36) F (27) e 27/30 e 36/30 e 0.9 e1.2 0.4066 0.3012 0.1054

(c)

1 F (48) e48/30 e 1.6 0.2019

F ( x)

20,000
10,000
1
1
2
2( x 100)
( x 100) 2
10,000 1
1 F (200)

9
3002
10,000 3
f (100) 1

40,000 4

F ( x)

(a)
(b)

3.95 (a)
(b)
(c)

20,000

( x 100)

dx c

25
1
0.25
4
102
25 39
F (8) 1 2
64
8
25 25 25(25 16) 1
F (15) F (12) 2 2

16
12 15
152 16

1 F (10)

1
1 e x /3 1

x /3 1
x e x /3dx c
x 1 c c e
x 1
90
9 1/ 9
3
3
x

3.96

F ( x)

c =1
(a)

F (6) 1 3e 2 1 3e 2 1 3(0.1353) 0.5491

(b)

1 F (9) 4e 3 4(0.0498) 0.1992

3 2 3
3.97 (0,0,2) 3
0 0 2
3 2 3
(1,0,1) 9
1 0 1
3 2 3
(0,1,1) 6
0 1 1
3 2 3
(2,0,0) 3
2 0 0
3 2 3
(1,1,0) 6
1 1 0
3 2 3
(0,2,0) 1
0 2 0

f (0,0)

3
6
1
, f (0,1)
, f (0,2)
28
28
28

f (1,0)

9
3
6
, f (2,0)
, f (1,1)
28
28
28

Chapter 3

39

3.98 (b)
0
1
9
1
3
1
4

0
y

1
2

3.99

x
1
1
9
1
6

2
1
36

1
3
3
1
, f (1,2) , f (2,1) , f (3,0)
8
8
8
8
1
3
3
1
g (0, 3) , g (1,1) , g (2,1) , g (3,3)
8
8
8
8
f (0,3)

3.100 (a)

Probability = 1/8

0.3

3.101 (a)

(b)

0.3

5e

5 pe ps ds dp

0.2 2

ps

0.2

(b)

0.30

5 pe ps ds dp

0.25 0

1 1

4 4

5 e 2 p 0.3 5 0.4 0.6

e e
0.3038
2 0.2 2

5e 2 p dp

0.2

0.30 1

dp
2

0.3

0.30

1
5e ps dp 5(1 e p ) dp
0
0.25
0.25

5[ p e p ]0.30 5(0.30 e 0.30 0.25 e0.25 ] 0.01202

3.102 (a)

2
5

0.4 0.4

0 0

2
(2 x 3 y ) dx dy
5

0.4

(x

2
5

3xy )

0.4
dy
0

0.4

(0.16 1.2 y dy
0

2
1.2(0.16)
(0.16)(0.4)

0.064
5
2

40

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

(b)

2
5

0.5 1

(2 x 3 y ) dx dy

0 0.8

2
5

0.5

2
5

0.5

(x

3xy )

1
dy
0.8

(1 3 y ) (0.64 2.4 y ) dy

2
5

0.5

(0.6 y 0.36) dy
0

2
2
(0.3 y 2 0.36 y ) 0.5 (0.075 0.18) 0.102
0
5
5

3.103 (a)

(b)

g(0)

3
6
1
, (1 0)
, and (2 0)
10
10
10
1
1
2
2
2
2 1
( x 4 y ) dy dx
( xy 2 y ) dx
( x 2) dx
0
5
5 0.3
5 0.3

(0 0)
1 1

3.104 (a)

5
15
3
, g(1)
and g(2)
14
28
28

0.3 0

1
2 x2
2 x
5 2
0.3

21
0.09
2
0.6 (1.855) 0.742
2
5
5 2
2

(b)

2
2
g( x)
( x 4 y ) dy ( x 2)
50
5

g ( y x)
1
2.2

3.105 (a)

0.5

(2 / 5)( x 4 y )
4 y 0.2
, g ( y 0.2)
(2 / 5)( x 2)
2.2
1

0.6

(4 y 0.2) dy 2.2 (0.5 0.1) 2.2 0.273

0

48 47 188
48 4
16

, f (0,1)

52 51 221
52 51 221
4 48 16
48 4
16
4 3
1
f (1,0)

, f (1,1)

, f (1,2)

52 51 221
52 51 221
52 51 221
f (0,0)

188 16 204
16 1 17

, g (1)

221
221
221 221

(b)

g (0)

(c)

(0 1)

16 / 221 16
1 / 221
1
, (11)

17 / 221 17
17 / 221 17

Chapter 3

41

3.106 f ( p, s ) 5 pe ps

0.2 p 0.4

(a)

5 p e ps ds 5 p
0

s0

5
e ps
5e ps
0 0
p

f ( p, s ) 5 pe ps pe ps

g ( s)
5
0

(b)

4e

(c)

(1/4) s

ds e s /4

3.107

for s 0
elsewhere

20 x
x
1 20 x

dy 50
25 x x /2
0

(b)

1 20 x

25 x 2
( y x)
,
20 x
x
50

(c)

1
1
2
(12 8) 4
6
6
3

0 x 1
elsewhere

1
2 2
( x 3 xy )
0
5

(2 / 5)(1 3 y )

f ( x , y ) g ( x )h ( y )

0 y 1
elsewhere

1 / 6
0

( y 12)

2
(2 x 3 y )
5
2
3y2 1 2
3
g ( x ) 2 xy
2 x
5
2 0 5
2

3.108 f ( x, y )

h( y )

elsewhere

3
1 e0.75
0

(a)

3
4
x
5
5
0

0.2 p 0.4

10 x 20
elsewhere

6 y 12
elsewhere

42

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

(20,000)3

f ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ( x2 100)3 ( x2 100)3 ( x3 100)3

3.109 (a)

100

(b)

20,000
dx1
( x1 100)3

100

x1 0, x2 0, x3 0
elsewhere

20,000
20,000
dx2
dx3
3
( x2 100)
( x3 100)3
200

3 3 1 1

4 4 9 16

5 9 4 5 7 9 9 8
6 1 3 5 0 2 1 7 0 8 4 5 2 0 2 1 3 1

3.110 (a)

(b)

5f 4
5s 9 5 7 9 9 8
6f 1 3 0 2 0 1 0 4 2 0 2 1 3 1
6s 5 7 8 5

(c)

The double-stem display is more informative.

3.111 *=Station 105

*
54

o = Station 107

o
o
*

o
*
*

o
o
*
*

o
o
*

o
*

55 56 57 58

59

60

61 62

63

64 65 66 67 68 69

3.112 *=Lathe A

o
*

o = Lathe B

*
*
o
o
o
o
*
* * * * *
*
o o
o
o
1.28 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56

3.115

Class Limits
40.0 44.9
45.0 49.9
50.0 54.9
55.0 59.9
60.0 64.9
65.0 69.9
70.0 74.9
75.0 79.9

Frequency
5
7
15
23
29
12
8
1
100

Chapter 3

3.116

Class Limits
3.0 4.9
5.0 6.9
7.0 8.9
9.0 10.9
11.0 12.9
13.0 14.9

43

Frequency
15
25
17
11
8
4
80

3.117 The class boundaries are: 39.95, 44.95, 49.95, 54.95, 59.95, 64.95, 69.95, 79.95;
the class interval is 5;
the class marks are: 42.45, 47.45, 52.45, 57.45, 62.45, 67.45, 72.45, 77.45.
3.118 The class boundaries are: 2.95, 4.95, 6.95, 8.95, 10.95, 12.95, 14.95;
the class interval is 2;
the class marks are: 3.95, 5.95, 7.95, 9.95, 9.95, 11.95, 13.95.
3.119

Class Limits
01
23
45
67
89
10 11
12 13

Frequency
12
7
4
5
1
0
1
30

Class Boundary
0.5 1.5
1.5 3.5
3.5 5.5
5.5 7.5
7.5 9.5
9.5 11.5
11.5 13.5

3.120

Class Limits
3.0 4.9
5.0 6.9
7.0 8.9
9.0 10.9
11.0 12.9
13.0 14.9

Frequency
15
25
17
11
8
4
80

Percentage
18.75%
31.25
21.25
13.75
10.00
5.00
100.00

3.121

Class Limits
40.0 44.9
45.0 49.9
50.0 54.9
55.0 59.9
60.0 64.9
65.0 69.9
70.0 74.9
75.0 79.9

Frequency
5
7
15
23
29
12
8
1
100

Percentage
5.0%
7.0
15.0
23.0
29.0
12.0
8.0
1.0
100.0

Class Mark
0.5
2.5
4.5
6.5
8.5
10.5
12.5

44

3.122

Mathematical Statistics, 8E

Percentage
Shipping
Security
Class Limits
Department
Department
43.3%
45.0%
01
30.0
27.5
23
16.7
17.5
45
6.7
7.5
67
3.3
2.5
89
100.0
100.0
The patterns seem comparable for the two departments.

3.123
Upper Class Boundary
44.95
49.95
54.95
59.95
64.95
69.95
74.95
79.95

Frequency
5
7
15
23
29
12
8
1
100

Upper Class Boundary

4.95
6.95
8.95
10.95
12.95
14.95

Frequency
15
25
17
11
8
4
100

3.124

3.125
Class Limits
1.5
3.5
5.5
7.5
9.5

Cumulative
Frequency
5
12
27
50
79
91
99
100
Cumulative
Frequency
15
40
57
68
76
80

Cumulative Percentage
Shipping
Security
Department
Department
43.3%
45.0%
73.3
72.5
90.0
90.0
96.7
97.5
100.0
100.0

Chapter 3

3.126

(a)

3.127

(a)

45

Class Limits
01
23
45
67
8 13
Class Limits
0 99
100 199
200 299
300 324
325 349
350 399

Frequency
12
7
4
5
2
30
Frequency
4
3
4
7
14
6
38

(b) No. The class interval of the last class is

greater than that of the others.

Class Marks
49.5
149.5
249.5
312.0
337.0
374.5

(b) Yes, [see part (a)..

3.130 The class marks are found from the class boundaries by averaging them; thus, the first class
mark is (2.95 + 4.95)/2 = 3.95, and so forth.
3.135 The MINITAB output is:
MIDDLE OF
INTERVAL
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.02

NUMBER OF
OBSERVATIONS
2
**
5
*****
4
****
5
*****
5
*****
3
***
2
**
2
**
2
**

3.136 The MINITAB output is:

MIDDLE OF
INTERVAL
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

NUMBER OF
OBSERVATIONS
1
*
7
*******
11
***********
21
*********************
21
*********************
23
***********************
10
**********
6
******