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ELG3155 - Control Systems

The document discusses control systems, describing them as consisting of subsystems that obtain a desired output given an input. It explains the differences between open loop and closed loop control systems, noting that open loop systems cannot correct for disturbances while closed loop systems use feedback to adjust the input based on differences between the input and output. The document also outlines various objectives and techniques for control system analysis and design, such as achieving a desired transient response, lowering steady state error, and ensuring stability.

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302 views

ELG3155 - Control Systems

The document discusses control systems, describing them as consisting of subsystems that obtain a desired output given an input. It explains the differences between open loop and closed loop control systems, noting that open loop systems cannot correct for disturbances while closed loop systems use feedback to adjust the input based on differences between the input and output. The document also outlines various objectives and techniques for control system analysis and design, such as achieving a desired transient response, lowering steady state error, and ensuring stability.

Uploaded by

Turab Haider
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Monday, January 9, 2017

Introduction to Control Systems


- A control system consists of subsystems and processes that are
assembled for the purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired
performance, given a specified input.
- Open loop control system means that the systems does not have a
feedback loop.
- Steady state error can never be zero, ever.

[Home] Tuesday, January 10, 2017


Chapter 1 Introduction to Control Systems Engineering
- Input [Control System] Output
- A good example of a control system is the elevator. In control systems
2 major measures of performance are available: (1) transient response
and (2) the steady-state error.

If the rise time is decreased, then the transient response of-shoot will
increase and vice versa. Also, in any real situation getting a perfectly
accurate result is impossible. So all of engineering is about how to
decrease the steady-state response to a level where it is practically
negligible.
Control systems are built for:
o Power amplification
o Remote control
o Convenience of input form
o Compensation for disturbances

There are 2 kinds of control system configurations:


o Open Loop:

The distinguishing factor of open loop control systems is that


they cannot correct themselves if disturbances were added (Dist.
1 and 2).
o Closed Loop:

The inability of open loops to correct themselves for disturbances


is corrected in closed loop systems, where a sensor detects for
any disturbances and changes the input accordingly. If there is a
difference between the input and the output at the end of the
feedback the plant is driven via the actuating signal (subtraction
of input and output signal).
A control system is dynamic: it responds to the input by undergoing a
transient response before reaching a steady state. The three major
objectives of analysis and design are: produce desired transient
response, lower steady state error, and achieving stability.
For Linear systems: Total response = Natural response + Forced
response, where natural response is the response of the system
without the input and forced is with the input. For a control system to
be useful, the natural response should approach zero and only leave
the forced response.
Damped oscillations are sinusoidal responses whose amplitudes are
reduced with time.

Typically, steady-state error decreases with an increase in gain and


increases with a decrease in gain. The opposite is true for transient
response.

The design process:

o An impulse signal is infinite at t=0 and 0 elsewhere and the area


under the unit impulse is 1. This is used to put initial energy into
the system and the only response to this energy is transient
response.
o Step signal is a constant command usually of the same type as
the output. The designer uses the step signal because it clearly
shows the transient response and the steady state response.

o Ramp and parabolic signals represent increasing command.


Ramp representing a linear increase and parabola representing
an exponential increase. The give additional information about
the steady state error.
o Sinusoidal inputs can also be used to test a physical system to
arrive at a mathematical model.

Thursday, January 12, 2017


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