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Complex Differentiability and Integrals

This document discusses complex differentiability and integration. It contains examples of differentiating complex functions, writing complex functions in the form u(x,y)+iv(x,y), and checking if functions satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations. It also contains examples of evaluating integrals of complex functions over curves in the complex plane, applying Cauchy's theorem and other complex analysis theorems. The document covers concepts like entire functions, exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions in complex analysis.

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Raul
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92 views

Complex Differentiability and Integrals

This document discusses complex differentiability and integration. It contains examples of differentiating complex functions, writing complex functions in the form u(x,y)+iv(x,y), and checking if functions satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations. It also contains examples of evaluating integrals of complex functions over curves in the complex plane, applying Cauchy's theorem and other complex analysis theorems. The document covers concepts like entire functions, exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions in complex analysis.

Uploaded by

Raul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Complex differentiability and integrals.

1. Using the definition, differentiate the following complex functions from


first principles:
a) f (z) = z 2 + z
b) f (z) = 1/z(z 6= 0)
c) f (z) = z 3 z 2
2.

i) In each of the following cases, write f (z) in the form u(x, y) +


iv(x, y) where z = x + iy and u, v are real-valued functions.
a) f (z) = z 2
b) f (z) = 1/z

z 6= 0

ii) Show that u and v satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations everywhere for a), and for all z 6= 0 in b).
iii) Write the function f (z) = |z| in the form u(x, y) + iv(x, y). Using the Cauchy-Riemann equations, decide whether there are any
points in C at which f is differentiable.
3. Given the function f (z) = 2xy + 2iy, for z = x + iy, state where f 0 (z)
exists and find its values at those points.
4. Show that the exponential function f (z) = ez = ex (cos (y) + i sin (y))
is an entire function, and compute its derivative.
5. Show that the trigonometric functions f1 (z) = sin (z) and f2 (z) =
cos (z) are entire functions. Compute their derivatives.
6. Consider the complex hyperbolic functions:
Hyperbolic sine:

ez ez
sinh (z) =
2

Hyperbolic cosine:
cosh (z) =

ez + ez
2

Show that both are entire functions and compute their derivatives.

7. State at which points the following functions are differentiable:


a) f (z) = z
b) f (z) = zRe(z)
8. Let f (z) = x2 + iy 2 . Evaluate

f (z)dz, where

a) C is the straight line joining 1 to 2 + i.


b) C is the curve (1 + t) + t2 i

0 t 1.

Are the results the same? Why or why not might you expect this?
9. Calculate the integral of f (z) = z 2 over the unit circle. Check that the
Cauchys theorem is fulfilled.
10. Let C be the curve defined parametrically as follows:
z(t) = t(1 t)et + i cos (2t3 )

0t1

Evaluate the integral


Z

ez dz

Be sure to explain your reasoning!


11. Evaluate the following integral,
Z 1+i
(z + 1)dz
0

along the trajectory y = x2 , in the following ways:


a) Using cartesian coordinates.
b) In parametric form.
c) Applying holomorphic functions theorems.
12. Evaluate the integral,
Z

ez dz

a) From z = 0 to z = 1 along the line y = 0.


2

b) From z = 1 to z = 1 + i along the line x = 1.


c) From z = 1 + i to z = 0 along the line y = x.
d) Check that the sum of the previous results is zero.
13. Evaluate the following complex integral,
Z 1
zdz
i

along the following trajectories.


a) Straight line x + y = 1
b) Parabola y = (1 x)2
c) Part of the circumference x2 + y 2 = 1 in the first quadrant
d) Explain the previous results.
14. Calculate the following complex integral,
Z 1
1
dz
z
1
a) Along the trajectory given by the upper semi-circumference of
|z| = 1.
b) Along the trajectory given by the lower semi-circumference of
|z| = 1.
c) Along the trajectory given by the points (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)
d) Explain the results and calculate,
I
z 1 dz
|z|=r

15. Let n Z any integer number, r R+ a real positive number and


z0 C a constant complex number. Prove that

I
0
n 6= 1
n
(z z0 ) dz =
2i, n = 1
|zz0 |=r
Hint: Use the parametrization: C(t) = z0 + reit .
3

16. Determine to which of the following integral can we apply Cauchys


theorem:
H
(z)
a) |z|=1 sin
dz
z+2i
H
(z)
b) |z+3i|=1 sin
dz
z+2i
H
c) |z3i|=6 ezdz
H
d) |z+i|=1 ln (z)dz
H
e) |z1i|=1 ln (z)dz
H
f) |z|=1/2 (z1)1 4 +1 dz
H
1
g) |z|=3 1e
z dz
H
1
dz o < b < 1
h) |z|=b z2 +b+1
R 1+i 3
i) 0 z dz along y = x
17. Evaluate the following integrals where the trajectory is a square centered at the origin with corners at (2 2i).
H 1
H 1
H z
a) zi
dz
b) (zi)
c) zi
dz
4 dz
18. Evaluate the following integrals using Cauchys theorem, Cauchys integral formula or its extension:
H
(z)
a) C sin
dz C : |z| = 3
z2
H sin (z)
b) C z2 dz C : |z| = 1
H
(z)
c) C cos
dz C : triangle with vertices (0, 0), (2 2), (2, 2)
z1
H sin (z)
d) C z+1 dz C : triangle with vertices (0, 0), (2 2), (2, 2)
H cos (z)
1
e) 2i
dz C : |z 2i| = 2
C z 2 +1
H
ln
(z)
1
f) 2i
dz C : |z 4i| = 3
C z 2 +9
H
iz
1
e
g) 2i
dz C : |z 1| = 2
C zi
H zez
h) C (zi)2 dz C : |z 1| = 2
H
1
1
i) 2i
dz C : |z 1| = 2
C (z+2)(zi)2
H cos (z)
1
j) 2i
dz C : |z 1| = 2
C (zi)3

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