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Navigational Safety in The Straits of Malacca: Current and Future Concern

This document discusses navigational safety in the Straits of Malacca. It notes that traffic volume in the Straits has been increasing each year, raising risks of accidents. To help ensure safety, measures have been implemented like vessel reporting systems, traffic separation schemes, and aids to navigation. Going forward, the littoral states aim to further enhance safety through continued cooperation, identifying hazards, and utilizing new technologies like the Automatic Identification System. Managing risks will require coordinated efforts among states that use and border the Straits.

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177 views

Navigational Safety in The Straits of Malacca: Current and Future Concern

This document discusses navigational safety in the Straits of Malacca. It notes that traffic volume in the Straits has been increasing each year, raising risks of accidents. To help ensure safety, measures have been implemented like vessel reporting systems, traffic separation schemes, and aids to navigation. Going forward, the littoral states aim to further enhance safety through continued cooperation, identifying hazards, and utilizing new technologies like the Automatic Identification System. Managing risks will require coordinated efforts among states that use and border the Straits.

Uploaded by

amirsyawal87
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Navigational Safety In The Straits Of

Malacca: Current and Future Concern


PRESENTED BY
AHMAD MORDIN IBRAHIM
MARINE DEPARTMENT MALAYSIA.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROFILE
STATISTIC
NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY IN THE STRAITS.
ROLES OF MARINE DEPARTMENT
CONCLUSION.

Introduction
Safety of navigation focuses on issues of security, loss of
life, property and environmental protection.
Statistics shows that 62,334 ships of various types
participated in STRAITREP and reported to Klang VTS in
2003
The greater number of ships plying in a strait means more
risk especially when such ships are concentrated at choke
points. It is reasonable to assume that traffic in the
Straits will increase. What can or should be done to cope
with an escalation in traffic volume.
Therefore managing and reducing risks in the Straits will
require concerted efforts among user and bordering
littoral states.
Marine Department Malaysia

Profile
Straits of Malacca is one of the busiest strait in the world.
The straits stretches from Pulau Sembilan to Tanjung Piai for
a distance approximately 241 nautical miles.
The narrowest waterway is in between Port Dickson (Malaysia)
and Tanjung Medang (Indonesia) that is 22nm.

Statistic - Vessel Using The


Straits Of Malacca.

In year 2001 vessels recorded 59,314.


In year 2002 vessels recorded 60,034.
In year 2003 vessels recorded 62,334.

REPORTS IN 2003 BY SHIP TYPE

Passenger Others
7.77%
4.87%

VLCC
5.59%

Bulk
10.04%

Container
31.40%

Gen. Cargo
9.94%

Tankers
25.13%

LNG/LPG
5.26%

Marine Department Malaysia

STRAITREP PARTICIPATION IN 2003


NON-REPORTING SHIP
1.3 %

REPORTING SHIP
98.7 %

we are all concerned


As the traffic volume grows, it is anticipated that the
likelihood of accidents and pollution will rise too. Thus
implementing portion of international law requiring user states
to cooperate in implementing navigational safety in the Straits
is the concern of all shipping communities.
Managing and reducing pollution risks in the Straits will
require concerted efforts among user and bordering littoral
states. Such efforts must be directed toward compliance
with international conventions on marine pollution and
navigational safety, development of pollution preventive and
mitigating measures, and the allocation of funds and
manpower resources to implement them.

our concern (littoral states)


It is important that we should be looking at ways of
reducing accidents, not as a vague aspiration but as a
perfectly legitimate and logical ambition.

The littoral states have invested a great deal of time and


effort in promoting, maintaining navigational safety and
controlling pollution in the Straits, it is an on going
challenge for Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.

To enhance navigational safety in Malacca Straits


What can be done
(Littoral States):
Work actively side by side with the shipping community to
ensure safe navigation in the straits of Malacca.
Use TTEG forum as a platform to voice out differences
among member states.
Find new means and ideas in improving the traffic flows
such as studies on sandbar ,tidal and current tables.
Upgrading the existing surveillance and monitoring
equipments.

STEPS CURRENTLY TAKEN TO ENHANCE


NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY IN STRAITS
ROLES OF MARINE DEPARTMENT To determine that the straits of Malacca is
navigationally a safe place to sail, in accordance with
the objective of the Department.

objective
To determine a system for safe sea lanes of
communication and marine conservancy towards the
enhancement of national maritime development.

ROLES OF MARDEPcont
Marine Department believes that prevention is better than
cure and the best measure is through enhancing
navigational safety.
For that reason Marine Department has introduce
many measures to enhance navigational safety such as:
Established Operational Centre
Established monitoring system
Work actively with the shipping community to ensure
safe navigation in the Straits.

ROLES OF MARINE DEP cont

Established Operational Centre


- announcement for any navigational warning and also to
acts immediately for any cases of emergency situation
at sea.
- Continuous monitoring (24hrs) on the safety of
navigation.

Cont:

Navigational Safety - Monitoring


System In The Straits

STRAITREP
TSS
COMMUNICATION
AIS

STRAITREP

is a mandatory ship reporting system


in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

APPROVED AT THE IMO, SUB-COMMITTEE ON


SAFETY OF NAVIGATION 43RD SESSION.
ADOPTED AT THE IMO, MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE
69TH SESSION.
ENTERED INTO FORCE AT 0000 HOURS UTC ON
1 DECEMBER 1998.

STRAITREP
- which is provided for under the International Convention for
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) has contribute towards

navigational safety,
efficiency of navigation
and the protection of the marine
environment in the Straits.

VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES (VTS)

STRAITREP will facilitate and enhance identification and


communication between ships and shore-based authorities.
This will enable shore-based authorities to advise transiting
ships on the traffic situation in the Straits, as well as
contribute positively towards search-and-rescue (SAR)
operations and responses to marine incidents.

MALAYSIAN VTS RADAR COVERAGE

AIS Base Station


AtoN AIS

Weather & Tidal Sensor


Weather Sensor
VTS Radar

GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

TRAFFIC SEPERATION SCHEME


The introduction of TSS is to improve the safety of
navigation in converging areas and in areas where the density
of traffic is great or where freedom of movement of shipping
is inhibited by restricted searoom, the existence of
obstructions to navigation, limited depths or unfavorable
meteorological conditions.
The establishment of the system is to facilitates traffic
movement.
The objective is to avoid a close quarter situation between
vessels.
The simplification of the patterns of traffic flow in converging
areas;

TRAFFIC SAPERATIPN SCHEME IN THE STRAITS OF


MALACCA

ACCIDENTS IN TSS (2001 2003)


year

2001
Sunk

On
fire

Fishing Boat

Barter Trader

Commercial vessel and


others

Types of Ships

Sunk

On
fire

6*

Total

Collision

*2 CASES INVOLVED FISHING BOAT.


RECORD OF TRAFFIC

2002

2001: 59,314
2002: 60,034
2003: 62,334

2003
2003
Collision

Sunk

On
fire

Collision

COMMUNICATION IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA


Exchanges of information are of key importance for ships
and with regards to this point, processing of information
flows about navigational safety is important.

The GMDSS emphasizes the ability to alert search and


rescue authorities ashore as well as shipping in the
vicinity in order to achieve a rapid coordinated response
to distress situation.
GMDSS supports systems for broadcasting MSI (Marine
Safety Information to ships such as NAVTEX and
DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING (DSC)

1. NAVTEX
Narrow Band Direct-Printing telegraphy system for transmission
of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent
information to ship.
Frequency NAVTEX 518 kHz

2.DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING (DSC)


A technique using digital codes which enables a radio station to
established contact with, and transfer information to, another
stations or group of stations utilizing HF,MF and VHF bands.
DSC channels:
MF DSC DISTRESS AND SAFETY CHANNELS 2187.5 (kHz)
VHF DSC- DISTRESS AND SAFETY CHANNELS
VHF marine channel 70 - ( 156.525 MHz)

STRUCTURE OF NAVTEX SERVICES


NAVIGATIONAL
WARNING
CO-ORDINATOR

METEOROLOGICAL
MESSAGE
CO-ORDINATOR

NAVTEX
CO-ORDINATOR
(Jab Laut-MRCC)

NAVTEX
BROADCAST
STATION

SEARCH AND
RESCUE
CO-ORDINATOR

DSC SYSTEM(DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING)


IN MALAYSIA
GUNUNG JERAI

PULAU TIOMAN

BKT. KEMUNING

BINTULU

GU. BERINCHANG

KUALA ROMPIN

MACHANG

LABUAN

ULU KALI

KU. TERENGGANU

GUNUNG SERAPI

BUKIT KERATONG

GUNUNG LEDANG

MF STATION
(RX)
CHERATING
SEMANTAN

VHF STATION

KUALA MUDA
COAST STATION

TANJUNG ARU

MF STATION
(TX)
GEBENG
STAPOK
TUARAN

MRSC

MRCC

MRCC

KUCHING

PORT KLANG

LABUAN

COMMUNICATION COVERAGE AREA

SHIPBORNE AUTOMATIC
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS)
AIS IS INTENDED TO ENHANCE:

Safety of life at sea;


The safety and efficiency of navigation;
The protection of the marine environment.

AIS Cont..
The AIS can be used as a positive, all-weather
position indicator making the environment for the
navigator easier and safer.
The AIS can be used as a complement or in a near
future maybe even replace the RACON.
The AIS can be used to monitor the status of
AtoN.

The IMO has established mandatory carriage requirements for


approved AIS equipment under the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS) Convention.
SOLAS REGULATION V/19
AIS Carriage requirements
The SOLAS Convention requires AIS to be fitted on certain ships
through a phased implementation period spanning from 1st July 2002 to
1st July 2008
All ships of 300 gt and upwards engaged on international voyages
Cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on
international voyages
All passenger ships irrespective of size
All new builds must be fitted with an approved AIS after July 1, 2002
Existing ships not engaged on international voyages
constructed before July 1, 2002, must be fitted not
later than July 1, 2008.

Summary: measure to be taken to enhance


navigational safety (current/future)
Establish:

Navigational aids either visible and electronically

Common Chart Datum

ENC/MEH

Tidal and Current Studies Table

Identify and Inspection of dangerous areas


(Dangerous Wreck and Shoal)

AIS

VTS

GMDSS

CONCLUSION

it is possible to improve navigational safety - but only if all the


littoral states consider the possibilities offered by the
technology now available.
the user states are willing to share the burden and change
some of the attitudes that still linger on from the past. Just
as the users benefit from the Straits, they too should help in
its maintenance and upkeep.

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