CE 60 Seminars/Projects

Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering
Silliman University

SPECIFICATIONS
Chapter 1
EXCAVATION, FILLING AND GRADING
SCOPE OF WORK
The work under this section of the Specifications consists of furnishing
all items, materials, equipment, labor, plants, appliances, methods and all
operations that may be necessary, and incidentals to complete excavation,
filling, back-filling and grading in accordance with the Plans, and schedule if
any, and subject to the terms and conditions of the Contract.
1.1 EXCAVATION
The Contractor shall make all necessary excavation for foundations to
establish grade indicated on drawings without extra compensation including
all other excavations required and necessary for the proper prosecution of the
work.
1. Cut slope for permanent excavations shall not be steeper than 1-
horizontal to one vertical, and slopes for permanent fills shall not be
steeper than 2 horizontal to one vertical unless a substantiating
data, which justify steeper slopes, are submitted.
2. Deviation from the foregoing limitations for slopes shall be permitted
only upon presentation of a soil investigation report acceptable to
the supervising Engineer.
3. Trim the excavation to the required depth, lines and grades and
other incidental excavations to level up the footing plus compacting
and tamping which are included in the building Contract.
4. The materials to be excavated shall include: any rock, earth and
other materials of any nature and description encountered in
obtaining the indicated lines and grades.
5. If the required safe bearing power of the soil in not obtained at the
excavation depth indicated on the drawings, the excavations shall be
continued until such safe bearing power is reached.
6. Piers and walls shall be lengthened accordingly and likewise, the
footings shall be revised to suit the new conditions for which the
Contractor shall be paid at the unit price bid for concrete work.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

7. No fill or other surcharge loads shall be placed adjacent to any

building or structure unless such building or structure is capable of
withstanding the additional loads caused by any fill or surcharges.
8. Footings or foundations, which may be affected by the excavation,
shall be underpinned adequately, or otherwise, protected against
settlement and/or against lateral movement.
9. Fills to be used to support the foundations shall be placed in
accordance with the accepted engineering practices. A soil
investigation report and a report of satisfactory placement of fill,
both, shall be acceptable to the supervising Architect or Engineer.
10. Additional payment for excavation will be computed per unit bid
and/or at established unit price for the same as follows:
a. All materials of any nature and description, which in the
Owners opinion will require the use of air operated hammers,
wedging, or drilling and blasting.
b. For additional excavation to safe-bearing power soil as
required in 5 based upon work required between indicated
grades and authorized grades.
1.2 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION
Where existing surface levels are lower than the sub-grade levels
required for work, or where excess or authorized excavation takes place
beyond the indicated lines and grades, the contractor shall fill the indicated
line and grade at his expense under the following conditions:
1. Where the footings and foundations occur, use concrete fill of the
same class as specified for footings and foundations.
2. Where slabs occur, use well-compacted sand and gravel fill.
1.3 EXCAVATION OMITTED
1. When the nature of the soil is such that good-bearing or safe-bearing is
found to exist at higher grades than the sub-grade levels indicated on
the Plan, the supervising Architect or Engineer may decide to stop the
excavation work at those higher grades.
2. Should the Owner so decide, it will be ordered in writing. This will be
subject to reduction in the Contract price in favor of the Owner at Unit
Price Bid and or at established price, based upon measurements taken
between authorized higher grades and grades indicated on drawings.
The same is true for omitted filling due to change in grade.
3. Footing shall not be placed as fill.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

1.4 PROTECTION, PUMPING, MAINTENANCE

1. The Contractor shall at all times protect the excavations and trenches
from damages of rain water, spring water, backing of drains, and from
all other water.
2. He shall provide and operate all pumps or other equipment necessary to
drain and keep excavations, pits, trenches and the entire sub-grade
area free of water under any circumstances and contingencies that may
arise.
3. He shall build all necessary enclosures, construct and maintain
temporary drainage for this purpose. He shall provide all shoring,
bracing and sheathing as required for safety, or necessary to support
adjoining walls, walks, soils, streets, buildings, fences, and the like and
for prosecution of the work, all these to be removed when work is
completed, and or required by the Owner.
1.5 BLASTING
1. Where materials to be excavated are such of nature and density that the
most practical and economical methods of removal is by blasting,
surfaces of such materials shall be first be exposed.
2. The Contractor shall notify the Owner who will conduct the survey and
make cross-section of the existing surfaces. Otherwise, no payment
shall be made for the removal of materials requiring blasting if removed
before being measured or cross-sectioned.
3. Where blasting is required, only qualified persons skilled in such work
shall be employed. Dynamite and detonators shall be handled and
stored in accordance with the regulations of government authorities
having jurisdiction on explosives.
4. The Contractor shall take all precautions in order to insure safety of
persons and property. After blasting, examine all bottoms for
foundations. Remove all loose or shaken rock down to soil bearing, and
roughly level or shelf bottom as required.
5. Avoid shattering or removing rocks beyond authorized lines and grades.
Otherwise, such removal shall be considered as unauthorized as
provided for by the provisions of Section 1-2 Unauthorized
Excavation, shall apply.
1.6 INSPECTION
No pouring of concrete shall be done by the Contractor unless the bearing
surfaces has been
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

inspected and approved by the Owner, and the authority to proceed has been
received by the Contractor.
1.7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM AT SITE
The Contractor shall provide, construct and maintain for the duration of
the work, drainage
system of the site approved and or as directed by the supervising Architect or
Engineer.
1.8 UTILITIES
1. The Contractor shall protect and maintain all conduits, drains, sewer
pipes and other utility services that are to remain on the property or in
the building, or in the site, where required for the proper execution of
the work.
2.

The Contractor shall notify all corporations, companies, individuals, or

other authorities concerned with the above conduits, drains, water and
sewer pipes, running to the property of the site, and protect, relocate,
remove, cap or discontinue all pipes, sewer, and other utility services,
which interfere with the excavation in accordance with instruction and
requirements of the above notified parties.

1.9 FILLING AND GRADING

1. All excavations shall be back-filled immediately as work permits after
concrete walls and piers have attained full design strength and or as
the Owners Engineer directs.
2. After the forms have been removed from the footings, walls and piers,
the materials taken from excavations (free from waste and
objectionable matter) shall be used for back filling around them.
3. These filling materials shall be made in layers not to exceed 15
centimeters and thoroughly tamped before the next fill is placed. Excess
excavated materials shall be placed and spread on the immediate
premises as directed by the supervising Engineer, provided, however,
that the Contractor shall not be required to remove such materials
more than 50 meters from the building line.
4. Open tile drains around the building if any, shall be covered with
crushed rock or gravel for a depth of 30 cm and the same shall be
graded from coarse to fine.
5. Open tile drains under floor slab (where so indicated on drawings) shall
be covered with broken stones or gravel up to the bottom of the slab.
6. In spaces where slabs rest on ground, or on earth-fill as specified in
paragraph 2, shall be labeled and accurately graded with 10 cm thick of
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

gravel and sand, and tamped thoroughly before concrete pouring is

done.
7. All exterior grades shall be formed in accordance with the drawings and
specifications, taking into account the requirements for landscaping
work, if any, and giving due allowances for the top soil depth.
8. The Contractor shall grade the area included within clearing lines as
defined Clearing under the General Conditions, and all such grading
work shall be included in the building Contract without extra or
additional cost. Banks of graded areas shall have a slope of 3.8 cm
horizontal to one vertical distance.
9. Extra grading (cut or fill) beyond the_____ meters and or due to change
of grade shall be paid at the unit price bid for the same.
1.10 TOP SOIL STRIPPING AND SPREADING
For use when top soil is salvaged for landscaping work:
1. Topsoil stripping operations shall start from the areas affected by the
construction to limits indicated by the Owner and or as specified.
2. Topsoil shall be stripped to varying depths as approved by the
Architect, but not beyond topsoil strata.
3. Topsoil shall be stripped by approved methods and stored where it will
not interfere with the work.
4. This topsoil shall be evenly spread to the true contours, and ranked to
even, smooth surfaces ready for seeding or planting.

1.11 TEMPORARY EASEMENT

The Contractor shall obtain the consent of adjoining property owners
regarding the need for temporary easements or any other manner of physical
encroachment at his own expense.
1.12 PAVEMENT
The Contractor shall restore, without extra cost to the Government, any
street pavements, concrete sidewalks and curb, and similar public structures
that may be opened, removed or demolished in the performance of work under
this Section in the manner prescribed by authorities having jurisdiction.
1.13 PROTECTION OF TREES
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

The Contractor shall protect trees indicated to remain in place by boxing

them, by using guys and the like, and or as indicated by the supervising
Architect of Engineer.
1.14 PROTECTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTY
The Contractor shall protect the excavation to be made below existing
grade line so that the soil of adjoining property will not cave-in or settle and
shall defray the cost of underpinning or extending the foundation of buildings
on adjoining properties.
1. Before starting the excavation, the Contractor shall notify in writing
the owners of the adjoining buildings not less than 10 days before
such excavation is to be made and that the adjoining building will be
protected by him.
2. The owners of the adjoining properties shall be given access to the
excavation for the purpose of verifying if their properties are
sufficiently protected by the contractor making the excavation.
3. In case there is a party wall along a lot-line of the premises where an
excavation is being made, the Contractor at his expense preserve
such party wall in as safe a condition as it was before the excavation
was commenced and shall, when necessary, underpin and support
the same by adequate methods.
4. Guards or fences shall be provided along open sided of excavation
except that, in the discretion of the Engineer, such guards or fences
may be omitted from any side or sides other than those adjacent to
streets or public places.

Chapter 2

TERMITE CONTROL

SCOPE OF WORK
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials and labor, and applying
termite control chemicals, including the use of equipment and tools in performing
such operations in accordance with this Specification.
2-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Termite control chemicals or toxicants shall be able to immediately
exterminate termites or create barriers to discourage entry of subterranean
termites into the building areas. The toxicants may be classified into the
following types and according to use.
Type-1 Liquid Termite Concentrate
This type of toxicant shall be specified for drenching soils beneath
foundations of the exposed buildings. The concentrated shall be diluted with
water in the proportion of 1 liter of concentrate material to 65 liters of water
or as specified by the manufacturer.
Type-11 Liquid Termicide Ready Mixed Solution
This type of toxicants, which comes in ready mixed solution, shall be
used as wood preservative by drenching wood surfaces to the point of run-off.
Type-III Powder Termicide
This type of toxicant shall be applied to visible or suspected
subterranean termite mounds and tunnels where termites are exterminated
through Trophallaxes or exchange method or nourishment between termites
while greeting each other upon meeting.
2-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Before any termite control work is started, the contractor shall
undertake thorough examination of the site so that the appropriate method for
soil poisoning can be applied. The Contractor shall coordinate with other
related trades through the Engineer to avoid delay that may arise during the
different phases of application of the termite control chemicals.
A. Soil Poisoning
There are two methods adopted in soil poisoning enumerated as follows:
1. Cordoning. This method is adopted when there is no visible
evidence of termite infestation. Trenches in concentric circles,
squares or rectangles are dug 15 to 22 centimeters wide and
at least one meter apart and applied with Type 1 working
solution at the rate of 8 liters per linear meter.
2. Drenching. When soil shows termite infestation, this method
shall be applied. The building area shall be thoroughly
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

drenched with type 1 working solution at the rate of 24 liters

per square meter.
When Powder Termicide is to be applied to eradicate
subterranean termites, careful application and precaution
shall be given considering that this toxicant is fatal to animal
and human lives.
B. Applications
3. At the time soil poisoning is to be applied, the soil to be
treated shall be friable condition with low moisture content so
as to allow uniform distribution of the toxicant agents.
Toxicant shall be applied at least twelve (12) hours prior to
placement of concrete, which shall be in contact with treated
materials.
4. Treatment of the soil on the exterior sides of the foundation
walls, grade beams and similar structures shall be done prior
to final grading and planting or landscaping work to avoid
disturbance of the toxicant barriers by such operations.
5. Areas to be covered by concrete slab shall be treated before
placement of granular fill used as capillary water barrier at a
rate of 12 liters per square meter with Type-1 working
solution after it has been compacted and set to required
elevation. Additional treatment shall be applied as follows:
a. In critical areas such as utility openings for pipes,
conduits and ducts, apply additional treatment at the
rate of 6 liters per linear meter in a strip 15 to 22
centimeters.
b. Along the exterior perimeter of the slab and under the
expansion joint, at the rate of 2.5 liters per linear
meter strip of 15 to 22 centimeters wide in a shallow
trench.
c. Prior to landscaping of the lawn, saturate the building
perimeter of about 3.0 meters wide with soil poison
working solution. Earth fill shall be treated thoroughly
with soil poison working solution as soon as fill is
packed and leveled. Every square area shall be drench
with the solution.
d. Only skilled and experienced technicians shall be
employed in this kind of work.
C. Wood Protection
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

Where the application of wood preservative is necessary, the

Contractor shall use Type II working solution as recommended by the
manufacturer.
Directly spraying of the building skeletal framework to control
general surface infestation includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Rough hollow block walling

Floor beams, joints, girders, bridging
Door and window frames
Ceiling, frames and other parts of the building in order to
have 100% coverage.

All wood materials not pressure treated shall be treated with

Type-II ready mixed solution as herein called for or as directed by the
supervising Architect or Engineer.
2-3 GUARANTEE
The Contractor shall give in Service Guarantee covering the treatment
of termite infestation or the repetition of the above stated termite control
services without extra cost to the Owner if any infestation of recurrence or
infestation occurs during the guarantee period of one year.
2-4 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
Liquid termite control chemicals or toxicants shall be measured by
actual number of liters used in the cordoning and drenching of lot areas and
soil poisoning of granular fill or actual number of liters used in drenching
wood surfaces, while the powder chemical shall be measured by kilograms
applied to suspected subterranean termite mounds and tunnels. The quantity
to be paid for shall be determined and accepted by the supervising Architect of
Engineer.
2-5 BASIS OF PAYMENT
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed shall be paid for at the
Contract Unit Price for Termite Control Work which price and payment shall be
full compensation for furnishing and applying termite control chemicals
including the use of equipment and tools, labor and incidentals necessary to
complete the work prescribed in this term.
Payment shall be made under the following schedule:
Pay item No.
A
B
C

Description
Soil Poisoning
Wooed preservative
Powder termicide

Unit Measurement
Liter
Liter
Kilograms

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

10

Chapter 3
PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
SCOPE OF WORK
This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and finishing of concrete in
buildings and related structures, flood control and drainage, and water supply
structures in accordance with these Specifications and conforming to the lines,
grades and dimensions shown on the Plans.
3-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Acronyms
this

The following acronyms for applicable standards/publications are referred to in

Specification:
a. ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
b. ACI American Concrete Institute
c. POI Pre Stressed Concrete Institute
d. AWS American Welding Society
e. AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
2. Standard Specifications and Codes

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

11

The work covered by this Section unless otherwise specified or detailed,

shall be governed by the Building Code requirements for Reinforced Concrete
(ACI 318), Standard Code for Arc and Gas Welding Society. The latest edition
of all standards Specifications or Codes will be used.
3. Coordination
The concrete work shall be coordinated with the work of other trades to
allow reasonable time to set sleeves, inserts and other accessories which must
be in position before concrete bases and pads of mechanical equipment shall
be placed to comply with approved shop drawings for the equipment.
4. Workmanship
The Contractor shall be responsible for any additional cost, which may
result from concrete surfaces, which are not finished, to the required profile or
elevation.
5. Samples
The Contractor shall submit samples of cement and aggregates
proposed for use in the concrete work for approval, enumerating names,
sources and description of materials.
3-2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Portland Cement
a. Portland Cement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C-150
Type for normal Portland cement; Type III for High Early Strength
Portland Cement.
b. Cement shall be any standard commercial brand in 40 kilograms per
bag such as: Filipinas, Union, Republic, Apo or other locally available
equivalent.
2. Fine Aggregates
Sand shall be clean, hard, coarse river sand or crushed sand free from
injurious amount of clay loam and vegetable matter and shall conform to ASTM
C-33 or C-330.
3. Coarse Aggregate
Gravel shall be river run gravel or broken stones. The maximum size shall be
1/5 of the nearest dimension between the sides of forms of the concrete, or
of the minimum clear spacing between reinforcing bars, or between re-bars
and forms whichever is smaller.
4. Admixture
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

12

All air-entraining admixtures if used, shall conform to ASTM C-260. Water

reducing admixtures, retarding admixtures, and water reducing and
accelerating admixtures, if used, shall conform to the requirements of ASTM
C-494.
3-3 STORAGE MATERIALS
1. Cement and Aggregates shall be stored in such a manner as to
prevent their deterioration or the intrusion of foreign matter.]
2. Cement shall be stored, immediately upon arrival on the site of the
work, in substantial waterproof bodegas, with a floor raised from the
ground sufficiently high to be free from dampness. Aggregates shall
be stored in such a manner as to avoid the inclusion of foreign
matter.
3-4 PLAIN CONCRETE: General Requirements
1. Plain concrete, other than fill, shall have a minimum ultimate
compressive strength at 28 days of 140 kilograms per square
centimeter or 2,000 pounds per square inch and material
proportioning, and placing shall conform to the requirement of this
section.
2. Concrete made with lightweight aggregate may be used with
strengths less than 140 kg per square centimeter if it has been
shown by tests or experience have sufficient strength and durability.
3. The thickness of plain concrete walls may be 5 centimeters (2
inches) less than the required by 6.17 for plain masonry walls but in
no case less than 18 centimeters and the ration of unsupported
height or length whichever is the lesser to thickness shall not be
greater than 22.
4. Concrete shall consist of Portland cement, sine aggregates, water,
and where specified, Admixtures, proportioned mixed placed, cured
and finished as hereinafter specified.
5. The following special types of concrete shall be used where indicated
on the detailed drawings or as specified.
a. Lean Concrete
b. Concrete with integral waterproofing
c. High early strength concrete may be used subject to the
approval of the supervising Architect or Engineer.
6. All provisions of the Specifications shall apply the seven (7) day
compressive strength equal to the 28-day strength required for
normal concrete. Admixture used in concrete shall be produced by a
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

13

reputable manufacturer and used

manufacturers printed directions.

in

accordance

with

the

a. Plasticizing Admixture Concrete admixture shall be free

from chlorides and shall conform to STM C-494-651. The
admixtures shall be used in all concrete mixtures in
accordance with the manufacturers specifications.
b. Calcium Chloride
circumstances.

shall

not

be

used

under

any

3-5 PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE

1. The Contractor shall employ, at his own expense, an approved
testing, laboratory, which shall design the mix type of concrete
required by the Specifications and drawings to obtain strength as
determined by test cylinder at least 15% higher than required.
Strength requirements shall be as noted on the drawings.
2. The adequacy of the mix design shall be verified by a test on a
minimum of 6 cylinders, 3 tested at 7 days; 3 at 28 days, in
accordance with ASTM C-192 and G-39 and by Slump Tests in
accordance with ASTM C-143.
3. The testing laboratory shall submit 5 copies of the mix design and
test results to the Owner or his duly authorized representative for
approval before any concrete is placed.
4. If at any time during construction, the concrete resulting from the
approved mix design proves to be unsatisfactory for the reason such
as too much water, lack of sufficient plasticity to prevent
segregation, honeycomb, etc. or insufficient strength, the Contractor
shall immediately notify the testing laboratory and the supervising
Engineer.
5. The laboratory shall modify the design, subject to approval by the
supervising Architect or Engineer until a satisfactory concrete is
obtained.
6. Stone Concrete Minimum compressive cylinder strength of
concrete fc at 28 days area as follows:
a. fc = 27.58 MPa for suspended beam, slab and columns.
b. fc = 20.68 MPa for footings and walls.
7. The water Content shall not exceed 28 liters per 40 kilograms per
bag cement, and the slump test shall not exceed 10 cm. in all cases
unless otherwise changed by supervising Architect or Engineer.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

14

8. Lean Concrete Lean concrete mix to be designated to produce

concrete with a 28 day strength of 13.79 MPa, slump and size shall
be subjected to approval depending on where it is mixed.

3-6 DETERMINING CONCRETE PROPORTIONS

The determination of the proportions of cement, aggregate and water to attain
the required strengths shall be made by one of the following methods, but lower
water cement ratios may be required for conformance with the quality of
concrete.
Method-1 Without Preliminary Test
1. Where preliminary test data on the materials to be used in the
concrete have not been obtained, the water cement ratio for a
given strength of concrete shall not exceed the values shown
in Table 3-1.
2. When strengths in excess of 281 kilograms per square
centimeters (4000 pounds per square inch) are required or
when light weight aggregates or admixtures for the purposed
of air-entraining are used, the required water cement ration
shall be determined in accordance with Method-2.
Method-2 For combination of materials previously evaluated or to
be established by trial mixtures.
1. Water cement ratio for strengths greater than that shown in
Table 3-1 (Maximum Permissible Water Cement Ratio) may be
used provided that the relationship between strength and
water cement ratio for the materials to be used has been
previously established by reliable test data and the resulting
concrete satisfies the requirements of concrete quality.
2. Where previous data are not available, concrete trial mixtures
having proportions and consistency suitable for the work shall
be made using at least three different water cement ratios (or
cement content in the case of lightweight aggregates) which
will produce a range of strengths encompassing those
required for the work.
3. For each water cement ratio (or cement content) at least
three specimens for each age to be tested shall be made,
cured and tested for strength in accordance with ASTM C-39
and C-192.
4. The strength test shall be made at 7, 14 and 28 days at which
the concrete is to receive load, as indicated on the Plans. A
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

15

curve shall be established showing the relationship between

water cement ratio and compressive strength.
5. The maximum permissible water cement ratio for the concrete
to be used in the structure shall be that shown by the curve to
produce an average strength to satisfy the requirements of
the strength test of concrete, provided that the water cement
ratio shall be no greater than that by concrete quality when
concrete that is to be subjected to the freezing temperatures
which weight shall have a water cement ratio not exceeding 6
gallons per bag and it shall contain entrained water.
6. Where different materials are to be used for different portions
of the work, each combination shall be evaluated separately.

TABLE 3-1 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE WATER CEMENT RATIOS FOR CONCRETE

(METHOD-1)
Specified
Compressive
Strength at
28 days, psi f

Maximum permissible water cement ratio

Non air-entrained concrete

Air-entrained concrete

2500

US gal. Per
42.6 kg. Bag
of cement
7-1/4

Absolute US gal. Per

Ratio by 42.6 kg. Bag
weight
of cement
0.642
6-1/4

Absolute
Ratio by
weight
0.554

3000

6-1/2

0.576

5-1/4

0.565

3500

5-3/4

0.510

4-1/2

0.399

4000

0.443

0.354

3-7 CONCRETE PROPORTIONS AND CONSISTENCY

The proportions of aggregate to cement for any concrete shall be
such as to produce a mixture, which will work readily into the
corners and angles of the form and around reinforcement
without permitting the materials to segregate or excess free
water to collect on the surface.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

16

The methods of measuring concrete materials shall be such that

the proportions can be accurately controlled and easily
checked at any time during the work.
3-8 CONCRETE TEST
Testing Laboratory
1. The Contractor shall employ at his own expense, an approved Testing
Laboratory that shall make compression and Slump Tests and immediately
submit 5 copies of the test reports to the supervising Architect or Engineer.
2. Ready mixed concrete companies may use their own laboratories provided
that testing is done with the supervisor of the Owner or his authorized
representatives.
Compression Slump Test
Compression and Slump Tests shall be made for every 50 cubic meters
of concrete or fraction thereof; but not less than 1 set of tests shall be
made from any one batch of concrete and all 3 tests shall be made from the
same batch.

Compression Test
Compression and Slump Tests shall be made for every 50 cubic meters of
concrete of fraction thereof; but not less that 1 set of tests shall be made from
any one batch of concrete and all 3 tests shall be made from the same batch.
Slump Test
For each representative quantity of concrete mentioned above, two slump tests
shall be made in accordance with ASTM C-143.
Test Report
The testing laboratory shall submit 4 copies of its test cylinder reports, which
are to include, as far as applicable, the following information:
Location of the structure where the concrete is used, design number,
concrete design strength, type and manufacturer of Portland cement.
Amount of any Admixtures used, Slump Tests, date of sampling, cylinder
application number, days cured in the field, and days cured in
laboratory.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

17

Age at the time of testing, crushing stress, type, type of failure, who
made the cylinders, who shipped the cylinders to the laboratory and
whether concrete strength meets the specifications.
Inspection of Batch Plant Operation
Inspection on a Spot Check basis as required to insure the concrete
delivery to the job complies with the Specifications and the design mix. The
testing laboratory shall provide this service as directed by the Owners
supervising Engineer.
Additional Tests
If, in the opinion of the supervising Engineer, based on cylinder
strengths below specification requirements or visual defect, concrete of poor
quality has been placed, additional tests shall be made as directed by the
Owner at the expense of the Contractor. Test may be Compression Test on core
cylinder per ASTM C-42, and or Lead Tests as cut-lined in ACI 318, Section
202, or as specified.
3-9 MIXING CONCRETE
The mixing and measuring equipment shall be approved by the
supervising Engineer or Architect. Unless otherwise authorized, concrete shall
be machine mixed at the site or by read mixed concrete.
A. Site Mixed Concrete
Provide a batch mixer type equipped with accurate timing and
measuring devices and operate in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations.

B. Mixing Time
1. For each batch, after all solid materials are placed inside the mixing
drum and water is introduced before of the mixing time has
elapsed, shall not less than 1 minute for mixers having a capacity of
one (1) cubic meter or a fraction thereof for additional concrete.
2. The concrete mixer shall revolve at no less than 14 or more than 20
revolutions per minute. Speed greater that 20 revolutions per
minute and less than 14 revolutions per minute are usually found to
be satisfactory.
3-10 READY MIXED CONCRETE

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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1. All ready mixed concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM

C-94, placed in forms within one hour after adding water or not
more than hours if a retarder is used. It shall be kept constantly
agitated during the transit period.
2. Pouring of concrete should not be started until after the forms and
reinforcement for the whole unit are properly laid and installed,
cleaned, inspected and approved.
3. Construction joints shall be rough in and clean thoroughly before
any pouring starts. Wet and slush surface with cement mortar.
3-11 HANDLING AND PLACING CONCRETE
1. Immediately after the concrete is mixed, it shall be conveyed by
approved pushcart or buggies to designated locations, and carefully
deposited in such a manner as to prevent the separation of
ingredient or displacement of the reinforcements.
2. Keep temporary runways built in such a manner that runway
supports will not bear upon reinforcement of fresh concrete.
Conveying or hauling of concrete by the use of long inclined chutes
or pipes shall not be permitted.
3. Dumping concrete into carts or buggies with a free fall of more than
one meter will not be permitted. Hardened splashes or accumulation
of concrete on forms or reinforcements shall be removed before the
work continues.
4. When placing operations would involve dropping of the concrete
more than 1.50 meters high, it shall be deposited through a sheet
metal or other approved conveyors.
5. As for practicability, the conveyors shall be kept full of concrete
during the placing and their lower ends shall be kept buried in the
newly placed concrete.
6. After the initial set of the concrete, the forms shall not be jarred, and
no strain shall be placed on the ends of the projecting reinforcing
bars. Foundation shall be free from water during concreting and
construction joints shall be determined by the supervising Architect
or Engineer.
7. Concrete
operation
Likewise,
poured in

in columns shall be placed in one continuous pouring

and allowed to set 12 hours before caps are placed.
concrete in beams and slabs in superstructures shall be
one operation.

3-12 RE-TAMPING
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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College of Engineering
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19

The Contractor shall mix only such quantities that are required for
immediate use. Mixture, which has developed initial setting, shall not be used.
Concrete, which has partially hardened, shall not be re-tampered for use.
3-13 CURING AND PROTECTION
1. All concrete work shall be protected from drying out after removal of
forms by covering with waterproof paper, polyethelene sheeting,
burlap, with a coating of approved membrane curing compound
having a moisture retention equal to 90% based on ATM C-309 and
C-156, applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions
for use.
2. Membrane curing compound shall not be used where floor hardener,
membrane waterproofing, damp-proofing, resilient floor tile or other
floor or wall covering set in adhesive, concrete-fill or setting beds,
paint, plaster or other applied finishing or surfaces treatment are to
be subsequently applied.
3. Wet burlap as often as required to keep concrete wet throughout
each day for a period of at least 7 days where normal Portland
cement is used and 3 days where high early strength cement is used.
3-14 METAL REINFORCEMENT
1. Steel Bars
1. Reinforcing bars shall conform to ASTM Specifications A-615. All
mild steel for columns, shear wall, footings and footing beams shall
be high-grade deformed bars. Fy = 413.7 MPa.
2. For 10 mm and smaller bars use intermediate grade deformed bars.
Fy = 275.8 MPa.
3. If reinforcing bars are to be welded, these specifications shall be
supplemented by requirements assuring satisfactory weldability.
4. Bar and rod mats for concrete reinforcement shall conform to ASTM
Specifications A-184 and Wires for concrete reinforcement shall
conform to ASTM A-82 Specifications.
5. Welded wire fabric for concrete reinforcement shall conform to
ASTM A-185 except that the weld shear strength requirements shall
be extended to include a wire size differential up to and including six
gauges.
6. Wire and strand shall conform to ASTM A-416. Structural steel shall
conform to ASTM A-26 and Steel pipe for composite column shall
conform to ASTM Specification A-377.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

20

2. Accessories
Provide bar supports and other accessories necessary to hold reinforcing
bars in the proper positions while concrete is being placed. Bar supports,
which come in contact with forms for concrete exposed to view in the finished
structure, shall be galvanized or stainless subject to approval.
3. Mill Certificate and Test
a. The Contractor shall finish two copies of the manufacturers
certificate of mill tests of all reinforcing bars.
b. The Contractor shall, employ at his own expense an
approved testing laboratory which shall conduct testing of
all reinforcement sized of each bulk under the supervision of
the supervising Architect of Engineer.
4. Shop Drawing
a. Each reinforcing steel detail and placement drawings shall
be submitted for approval. Any material fabricated before
the final approval of the shop drawings will be done at the
Contractors risk, but no material shall be installed until
final approval of the Shop Drawings.
b. All shop drawings shall be in accordance with the Manual
Standard Practice for Detailing Reinforced Concrete
Structure ACT-315.
5. Labeling
Bars shall be properly labeled with weatherproof tags to facilitate
identification.
3-15 PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT
1. All reinforcement shall be placed according to the approved
drawings. The Contractor shall provide sufficient bar supports, ties,
anchors and other accessories to hold all bars securely in place.
2. Unless detailed on drawings, all stirrups shall be held in place by bar
spacers. Reinforcing steel shall be cleaned of oil, grease, scale, rust
or other coatings, which will impair bond.
3. All bars shall be bent cold.
4. All welded splices shall be done by certified welders having welders
certificate and shall be submitted and approved by the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

21

5. The welding of bars shall conform to AWS D-12.1 Recommended

Practices for Welding Reinforcing Steel.
3-16 STORAGE OF MATERIALS
Reinforcing steel bars shall be stored on supports above the ground level
properly covered with roof or plastic materials for protection from direct effect
of moisture and the considerable delay in use.
3-17 FORMS
General Conditions
1. Forms shall conform to the shape, lines and dimensions shown on
the drawings. They shall be substantial and designed to resist the
pressure and weight of the concrete.
2. Forms shall be properly tied and braced or shored so as to maintain
their position and shape. Forms shall be sufficiently tight and strong
to prevent leakage of mortar.
3. Where required by the Owner, Shop drawings of formwork, shall be
submitted for approval before fabrication and erection of such
formwork.
4. Provide temporary openings where necessary to facilitate cleaning
and inspection before depositing concrete.
5. Before construction, all form materials are subject to approval. The
type of form used shall be in accordance with the finish
requirements as specified or as shown on the detailed drawings.
6. Forming shall start at the first floor level with new materials. Forms
for exposed concrete may be reused only if the surface has not
absorbed moisture and has not splintered, warped or peeled, subject
to the approval of the supervising Architect or Engineer.
7. Forms shall be coated with non-staining form oil before setting
reinforcement. The form oil shall not contain chemical that will
impair the strength of the concrete.
8. Side forms of footings may be omitted and concrete be placed
against the next excavation only when approved by the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
9. All exposed corners shall be square. Extra care shall be exercised
while stripping the forms. Corners shall be protected against
chipping or other damages that may be caused by the working force.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

22

10. Removal of forms or shoring is subject to approval by the

supervising Architect or Engineer, and under no circumstance shall
bottom form and shoring be removed until after the members have
acquired sufficient strength to support weight and the load thereon.
Forms shall remain in place for a minimum time as follows:
Columns, shear and bearing walls ----- 3 days
Stairs (bottom forms)
----- 21 days
Beams and Slabs (bottom form)
----- 21 days
3-18 OTHER FORMS
Exposed exterior surfaces of building where Architectural finishing is
required and as shown on detailed drawings, the following conditions shall be
observed:
1. Forms shall be designed and constructed to facilitate early removal
without damage to exposed surfaces of the concrete, free of offsets,
and square corners true to line and profiles as detailed.
2. Form ties will not be permitted through forms for surfaces, which
will be exposed. Formworks shall be used twice unless otherwise
approved by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
3. Exposed and interior Surfaces treated plywood forms or moisture
resistant plywood shall be laid vertically or horizontally in large area
with joints so arranged and treated properly as required to provide
smooth concrete surfaces.
3-19 FORMWORK ACCESSORIES
Form ties shall be submitted for approval. It shall be so designed as to
leave no metal closer than 19 mm to the surface of the concrete or to leave a
hole greater than 22 mm in diameter on the face of the concrete.
3-20 FINISHING OF FORMED SURFACE
Remove forms and form tie ends then fill holes with 1:2 Portland cement
mortar mixed to match concrete. All defective areas below grade line not
exposed to view shall be patched with Portland cement mortar mixed to match
the concrete as directed by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
1. Exposed exterior surfaces of the building where special finish is
indicated Concrete shall be placed and finished as herein before
specified and as required to provide even dense surface of uniform
color, free from marks, aggregates, pockets, honeycomb or other
imperfections so that after treatment of the finished surfaces will not
be required.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

23

2. Any concrete which is not formed on level or alignment, or shows

defective surfaces shall be considered as not conforming with the
intent of this Specification and shall be removed at the expense of
the Contractor, unless the Owner or his representative grants
permission to patch or otherwise correct the defective areas.
3. Permission to patch any such area shall not be a waiver of the right
of the owner to require complete removal of the defective works.
4. Exposed Interior Finishes Patch all defective areas and remove all
fins, form joint marks, rough spots and other defects by rubbing with
a suitable tools until such defects and rough areas are completely
removed and surfaces free from imperfections so as to produce
dense, smooth, uniform finish with the desired texture and design.
5. Silicone water repellant shall be applied to all exterior exposed
concrete surfaces above grade, which are not to be painted.
3-21 INSERT, SLEEVE AND SIMILAR TERMS
1. All required flashing, reglets, seal, masonry ties, anchors, wood
locks, nailing strips, ground, inserts, wire hangers, sleeves, drains,
guard angles, (insert for elevator guide supports where required),
provisions for floor hinges boxes, and concealed over head door
closer and all items specified, as furnished under this and other
sections of the Specifications shall be in their final position at time
concrete is placed and shall be properly located, accurately
positioned and built-in to the construction and maintained securely
in place.
2. Insert on hangers for ceiling construction specified under the
plastering section shall be located only in bottom of concrete ribs or
other concrete members crossed by such ceiling construction.
3. Sleeves shall not be installed in beams, ribs, or column, except upon
formal approval of the Architect or Engineer.
4. All Stone-cut and V-cut lines, Sunk fillets, and the like, on concrete
wall surface shall be integrated into the concrete with corresponding
removable mould on the forms before the concrete is poured and
shall be finished straight and clean-cut in accordance with the size
and shape as shown on full size details.
3-22 FINISHING OF SLAB
1. Finish floor and roof slabs shall be level plane surfaces unless
otherwise specified on the drawings, with a tolerance of 3 mm in 3.0
meters. Surfaces shall be slope towards the drains as required.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

24

2. Resilient flooring, Ceramic Tile or Marble, base slabs which are to

receive these finishes or other finished requiring Thin-Set
installation shall be floated and trowed with a steel trowel to provide
a smooth surface as required to receive the flooring.
3. For roofing membrane waterproofing, the working processes is the
same as that for Resilient Flooring except steel troweling which may
be omitted.
4. Exposed concrete finish surface where no finishing applied as called
for on the drawings shall be finished with a steel trowel as required
to produce a hard, dense finish free from surface imperfections.
5. Dry materials should not be used on the surface to be finished. Apply
hardener and sealer in accordance with the manufacturers printed
instructions.
3-23 WATERTIGHT CONCRETE
1. All waterproofing on deck or wherever called for in the plan shall be
guaranteed to be absolutely water proofed and free from leaking for
a period of two (2) years.
2. Should any leakage develop in these areas, they shall be made
waterproof by approved waterproofing methods and materials and
this shall be repeated if necessary until all leaks has been stopped.
3. Guarantee shall extend for a full two years after the last leak has
stopped.
4. All pipes or piping under slabs must be completed before the slabs
are poured.
3-24 CONCRETE FLOOR ON FILL
Concrete floors and steps on fill shall be laid on a prepared foundation,
which shall be placed as follows:
1. Earth or sand fill shall be laid to a uniform grade as shown on the
detailed drawings, fill shall be placed in layers not to exceed 15
centimeters thick, for each layer being thoroughly wetted and rolled
or tamped.
2. Earth or sand fill shall be made as soon as the concrete of the walls
and foundations has set sufficiently to permit the filling load and
pressure. On top of this fill shall be placed 10 cm layer of gravel,
which shall be rolled or tamped.
3. All of these sand and gravel foundations specified above should be
kept wet for at least 30 days after rolling or tamping so as to allow
settlement before the floors are placed.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

25

4. Concrete floors shall be laid in alternate strips about one (1) meter
in width by 6 meters minimum length, but following pattern shown
on drawings. The construction joints shall coincide with the groove
in case such items are called for in the cement finish. After the
concrete has set, the form shall be removed and the remaining
strips, laid.
5. All concrete shall be of such consistency as to require tamping to
bring the water to the surface. Tamping shall be dome mechanically.
6. Concrete floor and steps on fill or in ground shall be reinforced if
indicated in the drawings. The size and spacing of the reinforcing
steel shall be in accordance with the drawing or Specifications.
3-25 HANDLING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE
Concrete during and immediately after depositing shall be thoroughly
compacted. The compaction shall be done by mechanical vibration subject to
the following provisions:
1. The vibration shall be internal unless special authorization of the
other method is given by the supervising Architect or Engineer or as
provided herein.
2. Vibrators shall be of a type and design approved by the supervising
Engineer. They shall be capable of transmitting vibration to the
concrete at frequencies of not less than 4,500 impulses per minute.
3. The intensity of vibration shall be as such as to visibly affect a mass
of concrete of 25 mm slope over a radius of at least 50 centimeters.
4. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of vibrators to
properly compact each batch immediately after it is placed in the
forms.
5. Vibrations shall be applied at the point of deposit and in the area of
freshly deposited concrete. The vibrator shall be inserted into the
withdrawn from the concrete slowly and gradually.
6. The vibration shall be of sufficient duration and intensity to compact
the concrete thoroughly but shall not be continued so as to cause
segregation. Vibration shall not be continued at any rate on point to
the extent that localized areas of grout are formed.
7. Vibrators shall be thoroughly manipulated so as to work the concrete
around the reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into the
corners and angles of the forms.
8. Application of vibrators shall be at points uniformly spaced and not
farther apart than twice the radius over which the vibration is visibly
affected.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

26

9. Vibration shall not be applied directly or through the reinforcement

sections of layers of concrete, which have hardened to a degree that
the concrete ceases to be plastic under vibration.
10. It shall not be used to make concrete flow in the form over distances
so great as to cause segregation and vibration shall not be used to
transport concrete.
3-26 GRADATION OF AGGREGATES
1. Fine and Coarse aggregates used in concrete, shall be tested in
accordance with the requirements of the ASTM 033-67m with a
minimum frequency of one (1) set of 6 and one (1) set of 7 tests per
1,000 cubic meter source, as follows:
2. At least one sample of fine and coarse aggregates used in concrete
shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the ASTM
033-67 grading as follows:
Coarse Aggregates
Specific
Gravity
Absorption

Grading
Soundness
Abrasion
Material finer than No. 200 sieve

Fine Aggregates

Grading Absorption
Soundness.Organic impurities
Material finer than No.200 sieve
Mortar strength, 7 days
Specific gravity
Coarse Aggregates (percent passing)
38 mm
25 mm
13 mm
No.4 sieve
No.8 sieve

100%
95-100
25-50
0-10
0-5

Fine Aggregates (percent passing)

9 mm sieve 100%
No.1 sieve
90-100
No.8 sieve
80-95
No.16 sieve 50-85
No.30 sieve 30-70
No.50 sieve 10-45
No.100 sieve 0-10
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

27

3. Aggregates failing to meet these specifications, but which have been

shown by approved tests to produced concrete of the required
quality may be used where authorized by the Architect or Engineer.
4. Aggregates shall be quarried or washed in fresh water and shall
contain not more than one-twentieth 1/20 of (1%) percent salt by
weight.

3-27 STORAGE OF MATERIALS

1. Portland Cement
a. Cement delivered in bags shall be stored immediately upon
receipt at the work site in a weather proof structure which
shall be air tight as practicable with suitable wooden floors
which shall be elevated above the ground at a distance
sufficient enough to prevent the absorption of moisture.
b. Bags shall have guaranteed constant cement content and shall
be provided with proper labels showing the number of
consignment and the date of site delivery.
c. The bag shall be tacked close together to reduce circulation of
air but should not be stacked against outside walls but in such
a way that they will be easily accessible for inspection and
testing and shall be used in the order of their delivery.
d. Cement that has been in storage longer than six months will
be tested by standard mortar tests or other tests as deemed
necessary by the Owner to determine its suitability and such
cement shall not be used without the express approval of the
Owner.
e. Bags shall not be stored to a height greater those two (2)
meters. All cement must be free from lumps or evident for
deterioration.
f.

Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored in properly

designated elevated airtight and waterproofed silos or bins,
provided at the Contractors expense. The silos shall be
adequate in size to ensure continuity of work at all times.

g. The site shall be kept perfectly dry. Bag cement shall be

transported closed and effectively protected from weather by
adequate coverings. Bulk cement shall be transported in
closed container.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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28

2. Aggregates
a. All aggregates shall be stored in bunkers provided with
proper floors or tightly laid wood planes sheet metals, or
other hard and clean surface. Fine and coarse aggregates of
different sizes shall be stored in separate bunkers or piles in
such manner as to prevent aggregation, inclusion and
contamination by dirt and other injurious foreign materials.
b. Stockpiles of coarse aggregate shall be built in horizontal
layers not exceeding 1.20 meters in depth to minimize
segregation. Should the coarse aggregate become segregated,
it should be remixed to conform to the grading requirements
given herein before.
3. Reinforcing Bars
Reinforcing bars shall be transported and stored at the site in such a
way as to prevent damage or deterioration of the steel by rust or
coating with grease, oil, dirt and other objectionable materials. Storage
shall be in separate piles or racks so as to avoid confusion or loose of
identification after bundle are broken.
3-28 REBAR SPACING AND COVER
1. Reinforcing Steel Bars
Reinforcing bars shall be fixed one to the other by means of
adequate steel wire ties to form rigid reinforcement cages or net. The
reinforcement shall be fixed in the form by approved concrete distance
blocks, space bars, links, and stirrups, and all to be provided at the
Contractors expense. Reinforcing bars shall be spaced according to the
approved working drawings and the distance between bars shall not be
less than those recommended in ACI-318.
2. Concrete cover
The concrete to the gutter reinforcing bars shall be those
recommended in ACI 318, unless specifically indicated on the drawings.
3. Anchorage Length
Plain bars shall be provided with end hood unless otherwise
specified. The lengths of the anchorage of reinforcing bars shall be at
least those recommended in ACI 318.
4. Splices
Splices in bars shall be avoided as far as possible and shall be
staggered in any one structural member. They shall conform to the
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

29

recommendations in ACI 318. in no case shall splices be made at critical

points of maximum stress.
3-29 PATCHING
1. Immediately after the forms have been removed and the Owner, and
his permission given have examined work, all loose materials shall
be removed.
2. All holes, stone pockets and other surfaces which were in contact
with forms treated with cement retarding materials shall be removed
with wire brush or other approved method until as rough bonding
surface of exposed aggregate is obtained.
3. Any surface considered by the supervising Engineer to be
insufficiently roughened shall be further roughened by an approved
mechanical means. Surfaces shall be thoroughly washed down with
water.
4. Honey combed and other defective areas must be chipped out to
solid concrete, the edge cut as straight as possible and at right
angles to the surface of slightly undercut to provide a key at the
edge of the patch.
5. Shallow patches may be filled with mortar similar to that used in the
concrete. This should be placed in layers not more than 12 mm thick
and each layer given a scratch finish to improve bond with the
succeeding layer.
3.30 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
1. Once started, concreting shall be continued without interruption and
shall be stopped at properly indicated and prepared construction
joints.
2. The position of construction joints shall be decided in advance so
that the amount of concrete required to be placed at any one time
does not exceed the capacity of the mixing plant.
3. In all cases where the positions of construction joints have not been
indicated on the drawings, they must be approved by the Architect
or Engineer.
4. Except where inclined joints are specified, all joints shall be formed
to vertical or horizontal planes. Vertical joints shall be formed
against a properly constructed stop-board.
5. As a general rule, joints in columns shall be made as near as possible
to a beam haunching and joint in beams and slabs shall be made at
positions shown on the drawings.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

30

6. Construction joints shall be wire-brushed while the concrete is still

green, roughened or hacked to expose the aggregate across the
whole area of the joint.
7. Before fresh concrete is placed, the roughened surface shall be
swept clean of all loose materials, thoroughly wetted and covered
with a 12 mm thick layer of mortar composed of cement and sand in
the same ratio as the cement and sand in the concrete mix.
8. Special care shall be taken to ensure that the first layer of fresh
concrete is thoroughly rammed against the existing layer.
9. The cost of all measures necessary to form construction joints,
whether shown on the Drawings or not, shall be deemed to be
included in the Contractors rates for concrete.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

31

Chapter 4

CONCRETE MASONRY
4-1 General Conditions
The concrete masonry Contractor shall examine all drawings,
specifications and all conditions that has relations and may affect his work and
performance in the execution of the Contract.
Where any deviation on the Plans and Specification is to be made, the
Owner shall be notified and his written approval shall be obtained before
proceeding with the work.
4-2 Scope of Work
The work covered by this item shall include the following:
1. Furnishing of all necessary materials, tools, equipment, labor and
appliances necessary to complete the execution of the concrete masonry
work as shown on the drawings and herein specified.
2. All preparations for masonry work necessary to receive and adjoin other
work, including provisions for inserts and attachments as noted in the plans
and specifications, which shall be installed under the terms of this work.
3. Coordination with all other trades in laying out and execution of the
concrete masonry work. Giving the work his personal supervision and
keeping a competent foreman on the job at all times.
4. Arranging for adequate bracing, forming and shoring required in
conjunction with and in the course of constructing the concrete masonry
although not provided for under other sections.
5. Furnishing of all reinforcing steel for concrete masonry work and their
placement including those not provided for under other sections but
necessary for proper prosecution of the work.
6. Arranging for the necessary storage space and protection for materials at
the job site.
7. Providing assistance and facilities for all inspections by the Owner or his
representative as required in the course of execution of the work.
8. Arranging for furnishing test specimens and samples of materials as may
be required.
4-3 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

32

The following materials to be sued under this section of the specification

shall conform to the concrete masonry standards as indicated.
1. Cement to conform to ASTM C-150.
2. Sand or fine aggregate shall be clear, sharp and well graded, and free from
injurious amount of dust, lumps, shale, alkali, surface coatings and organic
matter.
3. Lime: Hydrated lime shall conform to ASTM C-207.
4. Quicklime shall conform to ASTM C-5 Specifications. Quicklime shall be
slaked and then screened through a 16-mesh sleeve.
5. After slaking, screening, and before using, it shall be stored and protected
for not less than 10 days. The resulting product shall weigh not less than
1330 kilograms per cubic meter.
6. Hollow load bearing masonry units shall be type I Class A or B unit
conforming with ASTM C-90-70 and the Philippine Bureau of Standard No.
15-2, series of 1979.
7. Solid load bearing masonry units shall be class A units conforming to ASTM
C-145. all load bearing masonry units shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 5.5 MPa (800 psi) based on 5 individual units when tested in
accordance with the methods set forth in ASTM C-140-70 or as tested by
the Bureau of Research and Standard, DPWH.
8. Masonry units shall have been cured for not less than 14 days if steamcured, 28 days if air-cured when placed in the structure.
4-4 CONCRETE HOLLOWBLOCKS
1. For walls and partitions shown on the detailed drawings requiring concrete
hollow blocks, the Contractor either uses concrete or ceramic hollow blocks
upon approval of the Architect or Engineer.
2. The load bearing of hollow blocks shall have a minimum compressive
strength of 6.89 MPa (1000 psi) computed from the average of five (5) units
based on the average gross area, and a minimum of 5.41 MPa (800 psi) for
the individual unit respectively, all based on gross area.
Visual Inspection
All units shall be sound and free from cracks or other defects that would
interfere with the proper placing of the unit or impair the strength or
permanence of the construction
Sampling of Specimen
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

33

In sampling the blocks for the strength, absorption and moisture

content determination, ten (10) individual units shall be selected from each
of 10,000 units or fraction thereof and 20 individual units from each lot of
more than 10,000 units.
Sampling
For lots of more than 10,000 units, 10 individual units shall be selected
from 50 units or fraction thereof, contained in the lot. For non-bearing type
of CHB, no sampling for test shall be required for less than 500 units to be
used in the job.
Testing
Units shall be tested in accordance with the standard method of testing
Masonry units of the American Society of Testing Materials ASTM
designation C-140 and or by the Bureau of Materials and Quality Control,
DPWH. No blocks shall be used unless results of tests are known and duly
approved by the supervising Architect of Engineer.
Reinforcement
All units shall be laid with a mortar composed of one part Portland
cement and three parts of sand. Reinforcement shall be done in accordance
with the structural plans as to size, spacing and other requirements.
4-5 MORTAR AND GROUT
Cement to be used for mortar and grout shall be: Type 1,2,3 or Type 4
Portland Cement conforming to ASTM C-150.
1. Plastic cement shall have less than 12% of the total volume in approved
types of plastic agents and shall conform to all of the requirements for
Portland cement per ASTM C-150, except to the limitations in soluble
residue, air-entrainment, and addition subsequent to calciration.
2. Mortar shall be freshly prepared and uniformly mixed in the proportion of 1
part Portland cement part maximum lime putty or hydrated lime, loose
sand not less than 1-1/2 and not more than 3 times the sum of the total
volume of cement and lime used, and shall conform to ASTM C-270.
3. Grout for pouring shall be of fluid consistency and mixed in the proportion
by the volume: 1 part Portland cement, 2-1/2 parts minimum to 3 parts
maximum damp loose sand where the grout space is less than 7.5 cm in its
least dimension.
4. Grout for pouring shall be fluid consistency and mixed in the ratio by
volumes; 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts minimum to 3 parts maximum
damp loose sand, 2 parts coarse aggregate where the grout space is not
more than 7.5 cm in its least dimension.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

34

5. Grout for pumping shall be fluid consistency and shall have not less than 7
bags of cement in each cubic meter of grout. The mix design shall be
approved by the supervising Engineer.
6. Fluid consistency shall mean; as fluid as possible for pouring without
segregation of the constituent parts.
7. Aggregate for mortar shall conform to ASTM C-144.
8. Aggregate for grout shall conform to ASTM C-404.
4-6 ADMIXTURES
1. The use of admixtures shall not be permitted in mortar or grout unless
substantiating data is submitted to and approved by the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
2. The use of Admixtures shall not be permitted in mortar without reducing
the lime content.
3. Insert coloring pigments may be added but not to exceed 6% by weight of
the cement.
4. The use of uncontrolled fire clay, dirt and other deleterious materials are
prohibited.
5. Water to be used shall be fresh, clean and free from deleterious quantities
of acids alkali and organic materials.
4-7 CONSTRUCTION
A. Workmanship
1. Masonry work shall not be started when the horizontal and vertical
alignment of the foundation has a maximum total error of 25 mm or
2.5 centimeters.
2. All Masonry work shall be laid true to line, level, plumb and neat in
accordance with the plans and to the satisfaction of the Owner.
3. Units shall be cut accurately to fit all plumbing ducts, openings
electrical works, etc. and all holes shall be neatly patched.
4. Extra care shall be taken to prevent visible grout mortar stain.
5. No construction supports shall be attached to the wall except where
specifically permitted by the supervising Architect of Engineer.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

35

B. Masonry Unit
1. Masonry unit shall be sound, dry, clean and free from cracks when
placed in the structure.
2. All masonry units shall be stored on the job and kept off the ground
and protected from the elements of weather.
3. Wetting the units shall not be permitted except when hot dry
weather exists causing the units to be warm to the touch, and then
the surface only may be wetted with a light fog spray.
4. Proper masonry units shall be used to provide for all window, doors,
bond beams, plasters, etc., with a minimum and true to line.
5. Where masonry units cutting are necessary, all cuts shall be neat
and true to line.
6. Mixing of Mortar and grout shall be mixed by placing of the water
and sand in the operations mixer, then add the cement, lime and the
remainder of the sand and water.
7. Mortar should be re-tampered with water as required to maintain
high plasticity. Re-tampering on mortarboards shall be done only by
adding water within a basin formed with mortar and the mortar reworked into the water.
8. Any mortar, which is unused after 1-1/2 hours, from the initial mixing
time, shall not be used.
9. After all ingredients are in the batch mixer, they shall be
mechanically mixed for not less than 3 minutes. Hand mixing shall
not be employed unless specifically approved.
C. Bonding
Concrete masonry units shall be laid with the thicker edge of the core
up to provide a wider mortar bed.
1. Both face core and ends of all blocks should receive a full bed of
mortar.
2. Cross web should be mortared.
3. For bonding masonry to the foundation, the top surface of the
concrete foundation shall be clean with laitance removed and
aggregate exposed before masonry construction can be started.
4. Where no bond pattern is shown, the wall shall be laid up in straight,
uniform coarse with regular running bond.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

36

5. Intersecting masonry walls and partitions shall be bounded by the

use of steel ties at 60 cm on centers.
D. Reinforcement
When the foundation dowel does not line up with a vertical core, it shall
not be sloped more than one horizontal in six vertical.
1. Dowels shall be grouted into a core in vertical alignment, even
though it is adjacent cell to the vertical wall.
2. Reinforcing bars shall be straight except for bends around corners
and where bends and hooks are detailed on the plans.
3. Reinforcing steel shall be lapped 30 bar diameters minimum where
spliced bars shall be separated by one bar diameter or wired
together.
4. Vertical bars shall be held in position at the top and bottom and at
intervals not exceeding 192 diameter of the reinforcement.
5. Horizontal reinforcing bars shall be laid on the webs of the units in
continuous masonry courses, consisting of bond-beam or channel
units and shall be solidly grouted in place.
6. Vertical reinforcement shall be completely embedded in mortar or
grout. Joints with wire reinforcement shall be at least twice the
thickness of the wire.
7. Wire reinforcement shall be completely embedded in mortar or
grout. Joints with wire reinforcement shall be at least twice the
thickness of the wire.
8. Wire reinforcement shall be lapped at least 16 cm at slices and shall
contain at least one cross wire of each piece of reinforcement in the
lapped distance.
E. Grouting
starts.

Reinforcing steel shall be secured in place and inspected before grouting

1. Mortar dropping should be kept out of the grout space.
2. All grout shall be puddle or vibrated in place.
3. Vertical cells to be filled with grout shall have vertical alignment to
maintain a continuous unobstructed core space.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

37

4. Cells containing reinforcement shall be solidly filled with grout and

pours shall be stopped 3.8 cm below the top of a coarse to form a
key at pour joints.
5. Grouting of beams over openings shall be done in continuous
operation.
6. The tops of unfilled cell columns under a horizontal masonry beam
shall be covered with metal latch or special units used to confine the
front fill to the beam section.
7. All bolts, anchors, or insects in the wall shall be solidly grouted in
place.
8. Spaces around metal doorframe and other built-in items shall be
filled solidly with grout of mortar.
4-9 REJECTION
In case the shipment fails to conform to the specified requirements, the
Contractor may sort it, and new specimen shall be selected by the Owner or
his representative from the retained lot and tested at the expense of the
Contractor. In case the second set of specimens fails to conform to the test
requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

Chapter 5

38

MASONRY FINISH

(A) CEMENT PLASTER

GENERAL CONDITIONS
The Contractor shall furnish all cement plaster materials, labor, tools
and equipment required in undertaking cement plaster finish as shown on the
plans and in accordance with this Specifications.
5A-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Manufactured materials shall be delivered in the manufacturers
original unbroken packages or containers which are labeled plainly with the
manufacturers name and trademark.
Cement Cement shall be Portland Hydraulic Cement of any approved
brand.
1. Hydrated Lime shall conform with the requirements as defined in
hydraulic cement of any approved brand.
2. Fine Aggregates Fine Aggregates (sand) shall be clean, washed
and sharp river sand, free from dirt, clay, organic matter or other
deleterious substances.
Sand derived from crushed gravel or stone may be used with the
supervising Architect or Engineers approval but in no case, shall such sand be
derived from stone unsuitable for use as coarse aggregates.
5A-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A.
Mixture
1. Mortar mixture for brown coat shall be freshly prepared and uniformly
mixed in the proportion by volume of one part Portland Cement, three
(3) parts sand and one fourth (1/4) part hydrated lime.
2. Finish coat shall be pure Portland properly graded and mixed with
water to approved consistency and plasticity.
B. Surface Preparation
1. After removal of forms, reinforced concrete surfaces shall be
roughened to improve adhesion of the cement plaster.
2. Surface to receive cement plaste shall be cleaned of all projections,
dust, loose particles, grease and bond breakers.
3. Before any application of brown coat is started, all surfaces that are to
be plastered shall be wetted thoroughly with clean water to produce a
uniformly moist condition.
4. Brown coat mortar mix shall be applied with sufficient pressure
starting from the lower portion of the surface to fill the grooved and to
prevent air pockets in the reinforced concrete/masonry work and
avoid mortar mix dropping.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

39

5.

The brown coat shall be lightly broomed or scratch before surface has
properly set and allowed to cure.
6. Finish coat shall not be applied until after the brown coat has
seasoned for 7 days and corrective measures had been done by the
Contractor on surfaces that are defective.
7. Just before the application of the finish coat, the bown coat surface
shall be evenly moistened with clean water.
8. Finish coat shall be floated first to a true and even surface, then
troweled in a manner that will force the mixture to penetrate into the
brown coat.
9. Surfaces applied with finish coat shall then be smooth with paper or
foam in a vertical motion to remove trowel marks, checks and
blemishes.
10. All cement plaster finish shall be 10 mm thick minimum on vertical
concrete and or masonry walls.
Wherever indicated on the plans to be Simulated Red Brick Finish, the
Contractor shall render brick design on the plaster surface before brown coat
had properly set and then allowed to dry.
Cement plaster shall not be applied directly to:
a. Concrete or masonry surface that had been coated with
bituminous compound and,
b. Surface that had been painted or previously plastered.
C.

Workmanship
a. Cement plaster finish shall be true to details and plumbed.
Finish surface shall have no visible junction marks where one
days work adjoins the other.
b.
Where directed by the Architect or Engineer or as shown
on the Plans vertical and horizontal groove joints shall be 25
mm wide and 10 mm depth.

5A-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

a. All cement plaster finish shall be measured in square meters
or part thereof for work actually completed in the building.
b. The Work quantified and determined as provided in the Bill of
Quantities shall be paid for at the Contract Unit Price which
price constitute full compensation including labor, materials,
tools and equipment and incidentals necessary to complete
this Item.
(B) PLAIN CEMENT PLASTER FINISH
GENERAL CONDITIONS
The Contractor shall furnish all materials, tools, equipment and labor
required in undertaking the proper application of plain cement plaster finish as
provided where plastering is noted on the drawings and schedules.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

40

Plastering work shall be properly coordinated with the work of other

trades.
1. The work of other trades shall be adequately protected from
damages during the plastering operations. Finishing work shall be
protected with a covering of heavy craft, waterproof paper or other
approved protective covering with lapped and sealed joints.
2. Scaffolding shall be amply strong, well braced, tied securely and
inspected regularly.
Overloading of scaffolding will not be
permitted.
5B-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Portland Cement shall conform with the standard specifications of
the ASTM 1-150, type-1, latest edition.
2. Hydrated lime shall conform with the standard specifications of the
ASTM C-6, latest edition.
3. Sand shall be hard, sharp, well washed, siliceous, clean and free
from deleterious material.
4. Water shall be fresh, clean and free from organic matter, acids and
alkali.
5B-2 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
Manufactures materials shall be delivered with unbroken packages or
container which are plainly labeled with the manufacturers name and brand.
All cement materials shall be kept dry until ready for use. They shall be stored
off the ground, under cover and away from sweating walls and other damp
surfaces.
5B-3 MIXTURE
1. Plaster materials, specified on a volume basis, shall be measured
accurately in an approved containers that will insure the specified
proportions.
2. Measuring materials with shovel count will not be permitted.
3. Mortar for brown coat shall be mixed in the proportion by volume of
1 part Portland cement 3 parts sand, and part hydrated lime.
4. Mortar for finish coat shall be the same as specified for brown coats,
except that the proportions of sand shall be increased to not more
than 4 parts.
5B-4 APPLICATION
All surfaces to receive plaster shall be cleaned of all projections, dust,
loose particles, grease bond breakers and other foreign matter.
1. Plaster shall not be applied directly to concrete of masonry surfaces
that have been painted or previously plastered.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

41

2. Before the plastering work is started, masonry surfaces shall be

wetted thoroughly with a fog spray of clean water to produce a
uniformly moist condition.
3. Brown coat shall be applied with sufficient pressure to fill the
grooves in hollow block or concrete to prevent air pockets and
secure a good bond.
4. The Brown coat shall be lightly scratched and broomed. Each coat of
cement plaster shall be kept moist for 48 hours after application and
then allowed to dry.
5. Finish Coats shall not be applied until after the brown coat has
seasoned for 7 days.
a. Dust before the application of the finish coat.
b. The brown coat shall again be evenly moistened with a fog
spray.
c. The finish coat shall be floated first to a true and even surface
then troweled in a manner that will force the sand particles
down into the plaster.
d. Plastered surfaces shall be smooth and free from rough areas,
troweled marks, checks and blemishes.
e. Thickness of the plaster shall be 10mm (3/8) to 12 mm (1/2)
on the vertical concrete and on masonry.
5B- 5 WORKMANSHIP
Plaster work shall be finished level, plumb, square and true to line
within a tolerance of 3mm (1/8) in 3.00 meters without waves, cracks,
blisters, pits, crazing, discolorations, projections and other imperfections.
1. Plaster work shall be formed carefully around angles, contours, and
well-up to screeds.
2. Special care shall be taken to prevent sagging and consequent
dropping of mortar during applications.
3. There shall be no visible junction marks in the final coat where on
day work adjoins the other.
5B- 6 PATCHING, PAINTING AND CLEANING
1. Upon completion of the building, and when directed, all loose,
cracked, damage or defective parts shall be cut out and re-plastered
in a satisfactory and approved workman-like manner.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

42

2. All painting and patching of plastered surfaces and plaster work

abutting or adjoining any other finish work, shall be done in a neat
and workmanlike manner.
3. Plaster drops or spatter shall be removed from all surfaces. Exposed
plastered surfaces shall be left in a clean, unblemished condition
ready to receive paint or other finish.
4. After the work has done, all protective coverings of cement finishes
shall be removed from the floors. All rubbish and debris shall be
removed from the building.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

43

Chapter 6
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work under this section consists of furnishing of all
materials, labor, tools, equipment, and performance of all operations relative to the
fabrication, delivery to site, erection and painting of structural steel trusses and
purlins as shown on the Plans.
6-1 DESIGN CONDITIONS
1. All the structural steel work shall be in accordance with AISC
Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural
steel for buildings.
2. Materials, and parts necessary to complete each item through such
work which is not shown or specified shall be included, such as
miscellaneous bolts, anchor, supports, braces, and connection etc.
3. Shop drawings as well as erection drawings shall be prepared and
submitted by the Contractor to the supervising Architect or Engineer
for approval before any fabrication is made.
6-2 SHOP DRAWINGS
1. Shop drawings giving complete information necessary for the
fabrication of the component parts of the structures, including the
location, type and size of all rivets, bolts and welds, shall clearly
distinguish between shop and field rivets, bolts and welds.
2. Shop drawings shall be made in conformity with the best modern
practice and with due regard to speed and economy in fabrication
and erection.
6-3 MATERIALS
1. All structural steel shapes and plates shall conform to ASTM A-36.
2. Light-Gauge Cold-formed Structural Steel shall conform to pertinent
specifications of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
3. Machine bolts shall conform to ASTM A-307. Each bolt shall be
provided with standard nuts and washers.
4. Anchor Bolts shall conform to ASTM A-141.
5. Cross Bracing with Turnbuckles shall conform to ASTM A-307.
6. Welding Electrodes shall conform to AWS A-5.1 or A 5.5; E 70
Electrodes.
6-4 FABRICATION

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

44

Field fabrication shall be kept to a minimum. And shop fabrication shall

be employed to the greatest extent possible with members shop fabricated as
practicable with a minimum requirement for field connections.
1. Welding, shearing, gas cutting, chipping and all other works involved
in the fabrication of structural steel shall be done with accuracy and
of the highest quality of workmanship, within the allowable tolerance
prescribed in the AISC specifications.

6-5 WELDING
The technique, appearance and quality of welds and the method of
correcting defective work shall conform to the applicable provisions of
Workmanship of the Standard Code for welding in Building Construction of
the American Welding Society.
1. Welding of structural members in shop and on field, shall be done
only by certified and experienced welder.
2. Surfaces to be welded shall be free from loose side, rust, grease,
paint and other foreign materials that will impair the soundness of
the weld.
3. Temporary weld and assembly attachments shall be kept to a
minimum. All temporary attachment that are welded, shall be
removed by a flame torch above the parent metal surface and
ground to smooth surface by power grinding.
4. Note shall be made on the plans and on the shop drawings of those
joints or groups of joints in which it is especially important for the
welding sequence and technique of welding to be controlled
carefully, to minimize welding under restraint, and to avoid undue
distortion.
5. Weld length called on the Plans and on the shop drawings shall be
the net effective length.
6-6 CONNECTIONS AND HOLES
Connections shall be as shown in the drawings and shall develop the full
capacity of the members.
1. Surfaces or joints prepared for welded or high strength bolted
connections shall comply with the cleanliness requirements of all
joints surfaces and contact surfaces within friction types joints as
specified in Bolted parts of the AUSC Specifications.
2. Holes shall be punched or drilled at right angles to the surfaces of
the metals and shall not be enlarged by burning.
3. Holes shall be clean-cut without rugged edges. Outside burns
resulting from drilling or reaming operations shall be removed with
a tool which reaches a 1.588 mm level around the bolt holes.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

45

6-7 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES

Quality control shall be practiced by the Fabricator to assure high
quality in the work. In addition to the Fabricators quality control procedures,
materials and workmanship shall be subjected to Inspection by qualified
inspectors representing the Owner.
1. Fabricator shall cooperate harmoniously with the inspector to avoid
interpretation in the work, when correction will be needed.
6-8 REJECTION
Materials or workmanship not in reasonable conformance with the
provisions of this Specification shall be rejected at any time during the
progress of the work.
1. The Fabricator shall receive copies of all reports made by the
Inspector authorized by the Owner and/or his supervising Architect
or Engineer.

6-9 ERECTION
The steel structures shall be erected plumb and true to line and grade.
Bracings and supports shall be introduced whenever necessary to take care of
all the loads to which the structure may be subjected. Such bracings shall be
left in place as long as may be required for safety.
1. Base plates and bearing plates shall be supported on steel wedges
until the supported members shall have been aligned and plumb,
following which the entire bearing area shall be grouted solid with
non-shrink cement grout.
2. Grouting mortar shall be of the commercial type approved by the
supervising Architect or Engineer and the methods of use as
recommended by the manufacturer.
6-10 MARKING
1. Shop fabrication members shall be marked prior to delivery to
facilitate the erection of the members.
2. Markings shall be listed and given description and given description
and copies of which shall be furnished to the Owner.
3. Markings shall be neatly painted on the members with a distinctive
color of enamel paint.
6-11 SHOP PAINTING

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

46

1. Steel works to be encased in concrete shall not be painted. All other

steel works shall be given one coat of shop paint of red lead primer,
applied thoroughly and evenly to dry surfaces, which have been
cleaned, by brush, spray roller coating, floor coating or dipping at
the selection of the Fabricator.
2. Steel work prior to painting and after inspection and approval shall
be cleaned of loose mill scale, loose rust, weld slag or flux deposit,
dirt and other foreign materials.
3. Oil and grease shall be removed by solvent. Parts of the steel wok
which shall be fielded, welded or connected, shall not be painted. All
steel work specified to have no shop paint shall likewise be
thoroughly cleaned.
6-12 FIELD PAINTING
All steel work after complete erection, shall be field painted with the
type and color specified in the section of painting of the Specifications.
Painting shall not be done on any steel surface that is thoroughly clean and
dry.

Chapter 7
CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORKS

SCOPE OF WORK
The work to be done under this item consist of furnishing all required
materials, fabricated woodwork, tools equipment and labor and performing all
operations necessary for the satisfactory completion of all carpentry and joinery
works in strict accord with applicable drawings, details and these Specifications.
7-1

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

47

A. Lumber
Lumber of the different species herein specified for the various parts of the
structure shall be well seasoned, sawn straight, sun-dried or kiln-dried and free from
defects such as loose and unsound knots, pitch, pockets, sapwood, cracks and other
imperfections impairing its strength, durability and appearance.
B. Grades of Lumber and Usage
1. Stress grade lumber is seasoned, close-gained and high quality lumber
for the specified specie, free from defects and suitable for sustaining heavy
load.
2. Stress grade lumber shall be used for wooden structural members subject
to heavy loads, and for sub-floor framing imbedded or in contact with
concrete and masonry.
3. Select grade lumber of specified specie is generally of high quality of
good appearance, without imperfections, and suitable for use without waste
due to defects and suitable also for natural finish.
4. Select grade lumber shall be used for flooring, sidings, fascia and base
boards, trims, molding, millwork, railings, stairs, cabinet work, shelves,
doors, windows and frame openings.
5. Common grade lumber has minimum tight medium knot not larger than
25 mm in diameter, with minimal imperfections, without sapwood, without
decay, insect holes, and suitable for use with some waste due to minor
defects and suitable also for paint finish.
6. Common grade lumber shall be used for light framework for walls and
partitions, ceiling joists and nailers.
C. Lumber Species and Usage
Unless otherwise specified on the Plans, the following lumber species shall be
used as indicated:
1. Yacal (stress grade) for structural member such as posts, girders, girts,
sleepers door and window frames set or in contact with concrete or
masonry.
2. Guijo (select grade) for door and window frames set in wooden framework,
for stair, for roof framing supporting ceramic or cement tiles, for floors and
other wooden structural parts.
3. Apitong (common grade) for roof framing supporting light roofing materials
such as galvanized iron, aluminum or asbestos sheets, for wall framing,
ceiling joists, hangers and nailers.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

48

4. Tanguile (select grade0 for doors and windows, fascia and base boards,
trims, mouldings, mill work, railings, stairs, cabinet work, shelves, flooring
and sidings.
5. Narra (select grade) for stair railings, flooring boards, cabinet work,
millwork, doors and windows when indicated as such in the plans.
6. Dao (selected grade) for parts of the structure as enumerated or when
indicated in the plan.
D. Moisture Content
1. Rough Lumber for framing and siding boards shall be air-dried or sun-dried
such that its moisture content shall not exceed 22 percent.
2. Dressed lumber for exterior and interior finishing for doors and windows,
millwork, cabinet work and flooring boards shall be kiln dried having no
moisture content in excess of 14 percent at the time of its installation.
E. Substitution in Lumber Specie
1. Any lumber equally good for the purpose intended may be substituted for
the specified kind subjects to the prior approval of the supervising
Architect or Engineer. Provided that the substitution shall be of an equal or
better specie acceptable to the supervising Architect.
2. In case of substitution with a better specie, no additional cost therefore
shall be allowed to the Contractor.
F. Plywood
Plywood shall be of good grade and made of laminated wood strips bonded
together with water resistant resin glue.
1. The laminated glue cores shall be finished both faces with select grade
tanguile, red lauan veneers or equivalent not less than 2 mm thick,
similarity bonded to the core.
2. The plywood of not less than 19 mm thick shall be free from defects such as
split in veneer, buckling or warping and shall conform to the requirements
of the Philippine Trade Standards 631-02.
3. Thickness of a single layer of laminae shall not be less than 2mm. The
laminae shall be superimposed in layers with grains crossing at right
angles in successive layers to produce stiffness.
4. The face veneers shall be rotary cut from selected grade timber. The
laminae and face veneers shall be bonded with water resistant resin glue,
hot pressed and pressure treated.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

49

5. Ordinary tanguile, red lauan, palosapis or equivalent grade with good

quality face veneers, 6 mm thick shall be used for double walling and
ceiling not exposed to moisture.
6. Waterproof or marine plywood shall be used for ceiling exposed to moisture
such as at toilets and eaves, and ceiling to be finished with acrytex.
G. Lawanit or Hardiflex
1. Lawanit or hardiflex when required in the plan shall be 6 mm and 8 mm
thick respectively, tempered or oil impregnated for moisture / water
resistance.
2. Texture of lawanit or hardiflex shall be subject to the approval of the
supervising Architect or Engineer.
H. Materials Other than Lumber
1. Plastic sheet
When required for counter top, plastic sheet such as formica shall not be less
than 1.50 mm thick and shall have hard, durable and glossy surface resistant to stain,
abrasion and heat. Color and design shall be as selected from the manufacturers
standard and approval by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
2. Glue
Shall be from water resistant resins which, upon hardening, shall not dissolve
nor lose its bond or holding power even when soaked with water for extended period.
Glue in powder form shall be in sealed container and shall be without evidence
of lumping or deterioration in quality.
3. Fasteners
Nails, screw, bolts and straps shall be provided and used where suitable for
fixing carpentry and joinery works. All fasteners shall be brand new and of adequate
size to ensure rigidity of connections.
Nails of adequate size shall be steel wire, diamond-pointed, ribbed shank and
bright finish.
Screw of adequate size shall be cadmium or brass plated steel with slotted
head.
Lag Screw of adequate size, for anchoring heavy timber framing in concrete
or masonry, shall be galvanized steel.
Bolts and nuts shall be of steel having a yield point of not less than 245 Mpa.
Bolts shall have square heads and provided with standard flat steel washers
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

50

and hexagonal nuts and provided with standard flat steel washers and
hexagonal nuts.
Threads shall conform to American coarse thread series. The threaded
portion shall be long enough such that the nut can be tightened against the
bolted members with out any need for blocking.
The threaded bolt shall be finished smooth for ease of engaging and turning of
nut.
Wrought Iron Straps or Angles, when required in conjunction with bolts or
lad screws to provide proper anchorage shall be of the shape and size
shown on Plans.

7-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

1. Quality of Materials
All materials to be incorporated in the carpentry and joinery works shall be of
approved quality as specified. Before using, all materials shall have been inspected
and accepted by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
2. Storage and Protection of Materials
a.

Lumber and other materials shall be protected from dampness during

and after delivery at the site.
b.
Materials shall be delivered well in advance of actual need and in
adequate quantity to preclude delay in the work.
c.

Lumber shall be piled in orderly stack at least 15.0 cm. above the
ground and at sheltered place where it will be of least obstruction to work.

3. Shop Drawing
Complete Shop Drawing with essential dimensions and details of construction,
as may be required by the supervising Architect or engineer in connection with
carpentry and joinery work, shall be submitted for approval before proceeding with
the work.
4. Rough Carpentry
Rough carpentry covers timber structural framing for roof, flooring, siding,
partition and ceiling.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

51

a.

Framing shall be stress grade or common grade lumber of the

species specified. Rough carpentry shall be done true to lines, levels and
dimensions. It shall be squared, aligned, plumbed and well fitted at joints.

b.

Trusses and other roof framing shall be assembled, fitted and set to
exact location and slope indicated on the Plans.

c.

Fasteners, connectors and anchors of appropriate type, size and

number shall be provided and fitted where necessary.

d.

Structural members shall not be cut, bored or notched for the

passage of conduits or pipes without prior approval of the supervising
Architect or Engineer.

e.

Members damaged by such cutting or boring shall be reinforced by

means of specifically formed and approved steel plates or shapes.
Otherwise, damaged structural members shall be removed and replaced to
the satisfaction of the Architect or Engineer.

f.

Timber framing in contact with concrete or masonry shall be treated

with termite proofing solution and after drying coated with bituminous
paint.

5. Finished Carpentry
Finished carpentry covers work on flooring, siding and ceiling boards, stairs,
cabinets, fabricated woodwork, millwork and trims.
a. Framing lumber shall be select grade, free from defects and where exposed
in finished work, shall be selected for color and grain.
b. Joints of framing shall be tenoned, mortised or doweled where suitable,
closely fitted and secured with water resistant resin glue. Exterior joints
shall be mitered interior angles coped.
c. Panels shall be fitted to allow for construction or expansion and insure that
the panels remain in place without warping, splitting and opening of joints.
d. Exposed edges or plywood for cabinets shall be provided with select grade
hardwood strips, rabbetted as necessary, glued in place and secured with
finishing nails. To prevent splitting, hardwood for trims shall be drilled
before fastening with nails or screws.
e. Fabricated woodwork shall be done preferably at the shop. It shall be done
true to details and profiles indicated on the Plans.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

f.

52

Where set against concrete or masonry, woodwork she be installed after

curing is completed.

g. Exposed wood surfaces shall be free from disfiguring defects such as raised
grains, stains, uneven planning, sanding, tool marks and scratches.
h. Exposed surfaces shall be machine or hand sanded to an even smooth
surface, ready for finish.
6. Fasteners
a. Nails shall not be driven closer together than one half their length unless
driven in bored holes, or closer to the edge of the timber than one quarter
their length.
b. Nails shall penetrate by at least half their length into the timber farthest
from the head. End distance, edge distance and spacing of nails shall be
such as to avoid splitting of the wood.
c. Lag Screw shall be set into pre-bored lead holes and not driven. The lead
hole for the hank shall have the same diameter as the shank and the same
depth as the unthreaded portion of the shank.
d. The lead hole for the threaded portion shall have a diameter equal to
about 75% of the diameter of the shank and the same length as the
threaded portion.
e. Lengths of bolts shall be enough to extend through the nut and an
allowance for nut tightening.
f.

All nuts shall be accessible for servicing by wrenches.

g. Bolts shall be set into drill suitably sized enough for snug fit.

7. Pressure Treated Lumber and Plywood

a.

Lumber, plywood and plyboard specified a treated with wood preservatives

shall be pressure treated with water borne preservatives as Wolman Salt,
Boliden Salt or Tanalith H-R.

b.

Pressure treatment shall meet the standards set by the American Wood
Preservers Association per publication C 2-77, or the Philippine Trade
Standards PTS 243-02.00 as to penetration and amount of chemicals
retained in the treated lumber.

c.

Final retention of chemicals in the wood shall be a minimum of 5.6 kg/m 3

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

53

d.

Pressure treated lumber shall be accompanied by a certification of pressure

treatment from the wood preserving plant as to the pressure treatment,
size and quantity of wood treated.

e.

Notwithstanding the presentation of said certification, the supervising

Architect or Engineer may require physical inspection and undertake
borings to ascertain penetration of preservative into the wood.

f.

Each boring should show penetration of not less than 2.5 centimeters.

8. Rat Proofing
a. Enclosed hollow spaces between wooden flooring and ceiling and between
double sidings or partitions shall be made rat proof in accordance with
Department of Health Requirements.
b. Hollow space between wooden flooring and ceiling shall rendered rat-proof
by laying continuous strips of galvanized iron sheet or 10 mm wire mesh,
about 25 cm wide and centered along floor plates or sills of partitions and
exterior walls.
c. The rat proofing strips shall be sandwiched between floor joists/plates and
sills of partitions or sidings. The strips shall be nailed to the top of joists as
well as to underside of sills and floor boards.
d. This part of the rat proofing may be omitted whenever it is clear that an
equally effective protection is provided by concrete to tile floors or by the
upper surface of reinforced concrete or steel directly supporting the
sidings.
e. All exterior openings between adjoining floor joist and girders or beam that
might give rats direct access into the hollow space inside, shall when not
closed by fascia board or the like, be covered with strips of the same rat
proofing material of sufficient size to close entirely the opening in question.
f.

Double sidings or partitions as well as furred posts are made rat proof by
lining the inner face of the board or panel sheeting with continuous vertical
strips of the aforementioned rat proofing material up to a height of at least
30 cm from the base of the partition, siding or furred post. The lower edge
of the rat proofing sheet shall be in contact with the floor throughout its
entire length.

9. Measurement and Payment

a. Carpentry and Joinery Work shall be measured per complete item supplied,
installed and accepted.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

54

b. Payment shall be based on the measured quantity of each completed item

and the Unit Bid Price as quoted in the Bid Proposal.
c. Such unit bid price shall be inclusive of all plant, materials, labor,
overhead, profit and other incidental expenses in connection with the
finished work.
d. Structural timber framework for roofing, flooring, partition and siding shall
be measures on the basis of lumber board feet involved and paid for based
on the quoted bid price per board foot. Such bid price shall be inclusive of
fasteners needed to complete the framework.
e. Flooring and siding boards, base and fascia boards, solid panels, stairs,
handrails and trims shall be measured on the basis of number of board feet
involved and paid for based on the corresponding quoted unit bid price per
board foot.
f.

Double walling for partitions and sidings shall be measured on the basis of
the area involved in square meters and paid for based on the quoted unit
bid price per square meter.

g. Ceiling boards shall be measured based on the area involved in square

meters. Payment shall be based on the quoted unit bid price per square
meter. Such unit bid price shall be inclusive of the cost of nailers, hangers
and fasteners.
h. Cabinets shall be measured based on the number of units completed,
installed and accepted. Payment shall be based on the number o units
completed and the unit bid price per unit.
i.

Incidental work for the main items on carpentry and joinery work such as
wood preservation, rat proofing and any other items necessary to complete
the work but not specifically mentioned in the Bill of Quantities contained
in the Bid Proposal shall be deemed to be covered by the unit or lump sum
prices quoted for the other items of work listed in said Bill of Quantities.
Pay Item Number

Description

Item 1

Structural
timber
framework
Flooring,
and
siding
boards,
Base and fascia boards,
solid
Panels, stair , handrails
and trims
Double walling
Ceiling Boards

Item 2

Item 3
Item 4

Unit of Measure
Bd. Ft.

Bd. Ft.

Sq. M.
Sq. M.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

Item 5

55

Cabinets

Each

Chapter 8
HARDWARE
SCOPE OF WORK
This item shall consist of furnishing and installing all building hardware
required to ensure rigidity of joints or connections of the different parts of the
structure and equipment in a satisfactory operating condition parts of the structure
such as doors, windows, cabinets, lockers, drawers and other similar operating [parts
as indicated on the plans and in accordance with this Specifications.
8-1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
1.

The contractor shall provide all rough hardware required for the
completion of the work, including nails, spikes, bolts, log screws, etc., and
shall provide and fit in place all finishing hardware hereinafter specified
put on in the most improved manner with screws to match the finish.

2.

The contractor shall provide and fit in place all hardware not herein
specifically mentioned but necessary to leave the work complete. All such
hardware should there be any, shall conform in every respect to the balance
of the hardware therein specified.

3.

Finishing hardware, suitable to the service required to fully equip in

the most satisfactory operative condition, for all doors, windows transom
sashes, screen doors and windows, closet, built-in cabinets, drawers,
lockers and other operating members through out the project shall be
furnished and installed or fitted by the Contractor.

4.

where the exact types of hardware specified are not adoptable to the
finishing, shape or size of members requiring the hardware, suitable types
having as applicable the same operation and quality as the corresponding
individual types of specified shall be furnished.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

56

8-2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Rough Hardware
All rough hardware such as nails, lag screw, bolts and other related fasteners
required for carpentry work shall be first class quality and locally available.
B. Finishing Hardware
All finishing hardware consisting of locksets, latches, bolts and other devices,
door closers, knobs, handles, hinges and other similar hardware shall be first class
quality available locally and conforming with the following Specifications.
1. Door Locksets
Door locks appropriate for particular functions shall
construction, preferably the product of
reputable manufacturer for consistent quality and master keying.
2. Door Closer
a.

be

of

durable

All door closer shall be cast bronze provided with a key valve or cap
for making necessary adjustment.

b.

The following table shall serve as guide in determining door closer

sizes.
Door
Maximum
Width

3. Hinge

76 cm.
90 cm.
107 cm.
120 cm.
137 cm.
Use larger size where

Size of Closer
Size 2
Size 3
Size 4
Size 5
Size 6
unusual conditions exist

Hinge unless otherwise indicated on the Plans shall be rass coated wrought
iron steel for interior
doors and wrought bronze for exterior doors with non rising loose steel pins with
button tips and mounting screws of the same materials.
4. Sliding Door Hardware
a. Track is of rolled steel formed steel or extruded aluminum.
b. Bearing is of plain steel balls or steel rollers.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

57

c. Wheels to be steel, brass, rubber or plastic as the case maybe.

5. Make
a. The plate numbers herein given designates the quality and styles as to the
type, design, operation, materials and finish of hardware designated.
b. Any other hardware equally good, may be substituted only in cases of
urgent necessity and subject to the written approval of the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
6. Finish
Unless otherwise shown or specified on plans, exposed surfaces shall have the
following Standard Finishes.
a.

Polished, bright brass or Bronze. Bronze surfaces exposed on

exterior of building not specified to have US 26 finish.

b.

US 26 polished chromium plated over nickel or brass. Brass or

bronze surfaces exposed in toilets, lavatory and shower rooms and all
others in the interior of the building.

c.

USP Prime coated for painting. Ferrous metal surfaces, unless zinc
coated.

7. Fastenings
Fastenings of suitable size, quality and type shall be provided to secure
hardware in position. Machine screws and expansion shields shall be provided for
securing items of hardware to concrete, brick tile or masonry instead of wood screws.
8. Exposed Items of Hardware
a. After hardware has been properly fitted, all exposed items such as knobs
platers, pulls locks, etc., shall be removed until final coat of painters finish
has been applied, and then hardware installed.
b. Other items of hardware, unless to be painted over that are not be removed
before painting shall be properly marked or completely covered until final
coat of painters finish has been applied, after which such protective cover
shall be removed.
8-3 PLACING ORDER OF HARDWARE
1. The contractor shall place his order for all hardware early in order to avoid
delay in the job.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

58

2. No request for extension of time shall be entertained by the Owner de to

this delay and
3. No substitution of hardware shall be allowed due to negligence of
contractor on this matter.
8-4 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A. Door Knobs, and Latch Strikes
1. All lock and latch strikes shall be installed in door frames at the same
height from the floor.
2. Door knobs shall be located so that the center of the knob is 95 centimeters
from the floor and or as directed by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
B. Butt Hinges
1. Each panel of hinged doors shall be hung on two (2) butts for doors 1.50 m.
or less in height.
2. Three (3) butts, over 1.50 m. height and not over 2.10 m. Four (4) butts
above 2.10m. in height.
3. Doors of a greater height than 2.10 m. unless otherwise specified shall be
hung on an additional one butt for each 65 centimeters or fraction thereof.

Thickness of door

Width of door

Size of But Hinges

21
28
35
44
56

90
90
90
90
90

63 mm (2-1/2)
75 x 75 mm (3x3)
88 x 88 mm (3-1/2)
100 x 100 mm (4 x 4)
125 x 125 mm (5 x 5)

or 25 mm (7/8-1)
mm (1-1/8
mm (1-3/4)
mm (1-3/4)
mm x 63 mm
hinges.

cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

Shower doors shall be governed by the above schedule for

4. Where the size of the butt hinges is not sufficient to allow door clear door
trim in open position, same shall be increased.
C. Counters, Shelves, Cabinets, Lockers, etc.
1. Other hardware not covered by previous specifications for all wooden
counters, shelves, cabinets, drawers, cabinet doors, closet doors, cup
board, or wall cabinets, glass showcases, storage shelves, worktables,
lockers and all other woodwork and interior finishing of similar nature
indicated on plans are included in this contract.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

59

2. It shall be done in accordance with detail drawings and full size details
which shall be requested by the Contractor from the supervising Architect
or Engineer, well ahead of their installation.
3. The contractor shall furnish and install all necessary hardware for all the
above work, complete and suitable to the service required to fully equip
them in very satisfactory operative condition in strict accordance with this
section of the Specifications and the applicable drawings.
4. All modifications in hardware required by reason of construction indicated,
shall be made to provide specific operative functional requirements.
5. All hinges that are needed shall be steel brass plated and of the size
suitable for the purpose. Use Hager, Stanley, Kwikset or Corbin or an
approved equivalent.
6. All necessary hardware for all woodwork specified above such as bolts,
automatic catches, cylinder locks, drawer pulls, cabinet and closet door
pull knots, push or cover plates, strikes, holder, indicators, push or pull
bars, drawer locks, etc., shall be cast bronze or brass chromium finished in
accordance with the Specifications.
7. Their sizes shall be suitable for the purpose approved by the Owner or in
accordance with those shown and specified in the full size details.
8. Schedule of all hardware to be purchased by the Contractor shall be
submitted first to the supervising Architect or Engineer for approval before
ordering them.
9. All hardware shall be brought to the job in original package. Samples shall
accompany schedules.
D. Butt Hinges Make
For all doors on Butt Hinges, unless otherwise specified, use botton stop butts,
Hager, Sanley, Kwikset or approved equivalent highly polished and plated with non
raising pin for door opening outside.
E. Bar Door
Provide and fit a set Lawson Universal gravity pivot type hinges No. 1 4604
nickel polished for each bar door in all toilet rooms. Approved equivalent, locally
made of this type will be acceptable.
F. Cabinet Door Catch and Pull
1.

Each cabinet door sash shall be provided with a door pull, Corbin
No. 4374, extruded brass, chrome finish, or approved equivalent.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

2.

60

Cabinet doors with locks shall be provided with elbow-catches,

Corbin No. 0163 cast bronze or approved equal on the inactive sash.
3. Cabinet doors not provided with locks shall be provided and fitted
with fraction catches.
4. Sliding cabinet doors shall be provided with drawer pulls of the flush
type, cast brass or bronze.

G. Drawer Pull and Locks

1. Each drawer shall be provided with pulls of the type specified for cabinet
doors.
2. The Contractor shall provide and set complete, ready for operation, one pin
tumbler cylinder lock of the medium of standard type, for each door in
accordance with the schedule below.
3. U.S. Standard finishes as specified shall apply to all locks used Russwin,
Yale, Corbin, Weiser, Schlage of the Standard type, or the approved
equivalent.
4. The trade mark and plate numbers given herein are to designate only the
quality, type, operation, materials and style or design required.
5. Schedule of Locksets: (In this Item, specify the name of door lock as the
brand, serial number, color, and what particular door is to be installed such
as: main door, bed room, toilet, etc.)
H. Master Key and Grand Master Key
1. All door lock shall be Master keyed a stated on the above schedule of
lockset and grand master keying for the whole building.
2. Before placing the purchase order for door locks, it shall comply with the
manufacturers requirements regarding the master keying for the locks.
3. The keying for this project shall be in accordance with requirements of the
Owner:
4. Supply of Keys:
D-1

Grand Master Key - - - - - - 6 each

D-2

Master Key - - - - - - - - - -

D-3

Keys for each lock - - - - - - 3 each

3 each

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

61

As specification writer, you can make your own specification as to the

number, quality and type. This is only a guide how you will prepare your
specifications.
5. Other doors not included in this schedule, but necessary to leave the works
complete, shall be provided and fitted complete, by the Contractor with one
lockset suitable to service required and depending under which type and
finish of each door lock, shall be classified by the Architect of Engineer.

Chapter 9

ROOFING MATERIALS

A. PRE-PAINTED METAL SHEET

SCOPE OF WORK
This Item consist of furnishing all pre-painted metal sheet materials, tools and
equipment, plant including labor required in undertaking the proper installation
complete as shown on the Plans and in accordance with this Specifications.
9A-1. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
All Pre-Painted metal sheet and roofing accessories shall be oven baked painted
true to profiles indicated on the Plans.
Pre-painted roofing sheets shall be fabricated from cold rolled galvanized iron
sheets specially tempered steel for extra strength and durability. It shall conform to
the material requirements defined in PNS67: 1985.
Profile sections in identifying the architectural moulded rib to be used are:
Regular corrugated, Quad-rib, Tri-wave, Rig-wide, Twin rib, etc. Desired color shall
be subject to the approval of the Architect.
1. Gutters, valleys, Flashings, Hip and Ridge roll shall be fabricated from gauge 24
(.6 mm) thick cold rolled plain galvanized iron sheets specially tempered steel.
Profile section shall be as indicated on the Plans.
2. Fastening hardware shall be of galvanized iron straps and rivets, G.I. straps are
of .50 mm thick x 16 mm gauge 26 and standard G.I. rivets.
3. Base metal thickness shall correspond t the following gauge designation available
locally as follows:
Base
Thickness
.40 mm thick

Metal

Designated Gauge
Gauge 28

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

.50 mm thick
.60 mm thick
.80 mm thick

62

Gauge 26
Gauge 24
Gauge 22

Length of roof sheets available in cut from 5 feet to 12) long. Long span length up
to 18 meters. Special length by arrangements.
9A-2. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. Before any installation begins, the Contractor shall ascertain that the top face of
the purlins is in proper alignment.
2. Correct the alignment as necessary in order to have the top faces of the purlins
on an even plane.
3. Sheets shall be handled carefully to prevent damage to the paint coating. Lift all
sheets or sheet packs on to the roof frame with the overlapping down-turned edge
facing towards the side of the roof where installation will commence, otherwise
the sheets will have to be turned end to end during installation.
4. Start roofing installation by placing the first sheet in position with the down
turned edge in line with other building elements and fastened to supports as
recommended.
5. Place the down-turned edge of the next sheet over the edge of the first sheet, to
provide side lap and hold the side lap firmly in place. Continue the same
procedure for the subsequent sheets until the whole roofing area is covered and
or adopt installation procedure provided in the instruction manual for each type of
molded rib profile.
6. For walling applications follow the procedure for roofing but allow a minimum
end lap of 10 cm for vertical walling.
7. End Lap. In case handling or transport consideration requires to use two or
more end lapped sheets to provide full length coverage for the roof run, install
each line of sheets from bottom to top or from eave line to apex of roof framing.
Provide 15 cm minimum end lap.
8. Anchorage. Pre-painted steel roofing sheets shall be fastened to the wood
purlins with standard length G.I. straps and rivets.
9. For Steel Frame up to 4.5 mm thick, use self-drilling screw No.12 by 3.5 cm long
hexagonal head with neoprene washer.
10. For steel support up to 5 mm thick or more, use threaded cutting screw No.12
by 4.0 cm long hexagonal head with neoprene washer.
11. For side lap fastener use self-drilling screw No. 10 by 1.6 cm long hexagonal
head with neoprene washer.
12. Valley fastened to lumber and for walling, use self-drilling wood screw No. 12 by
2.5 cm long hexagonal head with neoprene washer.
13. Valley fastened to steel supports, use self-drilling screws, hexagonal head with
neoprene washer; drill size is 5 mm diameter.
14. In cutting pre-painted steel sheets to place the exposed color side down, cutting
shall be carried out on the ground and not over the top of other painted roofing
product.
15. Power cutting or drilling to be done or carried out on pre-painted products
already installed or laid in position, the area around holes or cuts shall be masked
to shield the paint from hot fillings.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

63

16. Storage and Protection. Pre-painted steel roofing, walling products and
accessories should be delivered to the job site in strapped bundles.
17. Sheets and or bundles shall be neatly stacked in the ground and if left in the
open it shall be protected by covering the stack materials with loose tarpauline.
9A-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. The work done under this item shall be measured by actual area covered or
installed with pre-painted steel roofing and or walling in square meters and
accepted to the satisfaction of the Architect or Engineer.
2. The area of pre-painted steel roofing and or walling in square meters shall be
paid for at the Unit Bid Price or contract unit price which payment shall constitute
full payment including labor, materials, tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the work.
B. ROOF DRAINAGE
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing all items, articles plant, equipment, labor and
materials and performing all methods necessary or required for the complete
installation of all roof drains with strainers in accordance with all applicable drawings
as shown on the approved plans and the provisions of this Specifications.
9B-1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. Performing all operations or methods necessary and required for the complete
installation of all Roof Drains with strainers, including connections to downspout,
in accordance with all applicable drawings and details, and subject to the terms
and conditions of the contract.
2. Should there be any conflict between the sizes of roof drains and downspout, the
size of the latter shall govern.
3. The size of any roof drain with strainer shall follow the diameter of the
corresponding roof leader or downspout to be installed.
9B-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A. Drainage
1. The contractor shall provide, fit or install all necessary drains with strainers
where so shown or indicated on plans and or where the supervising Engineer
directs.
2. Each drain with strainers shall fit the size of the corresponding downspouts or
conductor over which is to be installed and in accordance with the following
schedule.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

64

3. Over each downspouts of cast iron body lacquer finish low Dome roof drain
(rough brass strainer) 45 threaded outlet or side outlet respectively, secured to
clamping ring by screws.
B. Drain and Overflow Pipes
1. Concrete roof gutters or any other work which catches drains or collect rain
water shall be provided with adequate drain or overflow, pipes, one inch in
diameter pipe spaced at 2.00 meters on centers and or as specified.
2. Weep holes, where so indicated on plans, and of the size and spacing shown, shall
be provided by the contractor to allow the free flow of water to drain from one
level over lower level or to outside all in accordance with the detailed drawings.
C. Downspout
1. All conductors or downspout encased in concrete unless otherwise shown in
drawings shall be PVc pipe as specified in plans. Size of downspout shall be as
shown or indicated on plans.
2. Downspout of all floor drains indicated on reinforced concrete gutters shall be 75
mm in diameter except where specified other use and each shall branch from the
adjacent main downspout if any as shown on plans.
3. Any drain with strainers of approved quality, locally made, in accordance with full
size details may be substituted subject to the written approval of the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
4. Should the series and type numbers specified herein be not suitable to a
particular location due to concrete space limitations, any adaptation of the series
specified of the same size, body material and finish may be substituted, subject to
the approval of the supervising Architect or Engineer.
5. Any other drain shown but not specified herein and necessary to leave the work
complete, shall be provided and installed by the contractor suitable to the service
required and fitted to the concrete limitations at the point of installation, based on
or similar as specified herein or as directed by the supervising Architect or
Engineer.
9B-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. All roof drains with strainers actually installed shall be measured and determined
by the number of pieces or units ready for service as provided in the Bill of
Quantities accepted to the satisfaction of the supervising Architect or Engineer.
2. The Item measured and determined shall be paid for at the Unit Bid Price which
payment constitute full compensation of materials, labor and incidentals
necessary to complete this Item.

Chapter 10
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

65

STEEL DOORS AND WINDOWS

(A) STEEL DOORS
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installing all fabricated steel doors and
frames equipped with fixing accessories and locking devices in accordance with the
Plans and or shop drawings and as herein specified.
10A-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
All door cladding plates or panels shall be formed from gauge 20 cold-rolled,
quality steel. Frames shall be formed from gauge 16 cold-rolled steel. The materials
used shall conform to the specifications requirement of ASTM-A505.
A. Tubular Door (Casement / Sliding)
1. Hollow steel doors shall b custom built size and details as indicated on the Plans
and or shop drawings.
2. Claddings of doors shall be flush or louver type. Doors shall be 44 mm thick, side
hinged or overhead hung, as called for on the Plans.
3. Flush doors shall be constructed from two outer steel sheets not less than gauge
20, with edges welded and finished flush.
4. The outer face sheets shall be reinforced with gauge 24 vertical channel or
interlocking zee members.
5. Insulation fillers of cord fiberboard, mineral wool board or asbestos shall be
placed full height in spaces between reinforcing channels.
6. Doors shall have smooth flush surfaces without any visible joints or seams on
exposed faces or stile edges except around glazed or louvered pane inserts.
7. The top and bottom frame of doors shall have continuous reinforcing channels
welded to face sheets.
8. The channel for exterior doors shall be inverted type, not less than gauge 16,
constructed to form a weather seal.
9. Where indicated on Plans, glazed opening shall be provided and molding around
glazed openings shall not be lighter than gauge 20 metal.
B. Steel Louvers
1. Louvers shall be machine pressed conforming to the size and design indicated on
the Plans with removable louver pane formed to fit the metal sub-frame of
openings.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

66

2. The steel sheets shall meet the requirements of ASTM 505, rivets of ASTM B-316
screws, bolts, nuts and washers of ASTM B-211.
C. Anchors and Fasteners
1. Anchors shall be steel zinc coated or painted with rust inhibitive paint, of sizes,
and design according to manufacturers standard.
2. Floor anchors shall not be less than gauge 18 with exception to jamb anchor for
installing door frames in metal latch and plaster assemblies which shall be
minimum of gauge 16 and shall not extend no more than 20 mm out of the back of
the jamb.
10A-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A. Fabrication
1. Corner joints of frames shall be mitered and welded conforming to the
manufacturers standard manual for metal doors.
2. All contact edges shall be closed tight. Welds on exposed surface shall be grinded
smooth and neat in appearance.
3. Joints for knock down type frame corners shall designed for simple field assembly
of header to jamb members by concealing tenon, slice plates, or other in
interlocking joint that will produce square rigid corners.
4. Joints shall be securely locked in place during erection and the alignment of
adjoining members shall be maintained.
5. All bolted connections shall be provided with lock units.
B. Shop Finish
All steel doors, fames and louvers shall be cleaned thoroughly by hot or cold
phosphate treatment to assure maximum paint adherence and prime finish in
accordance with the following operations:
1. After fabrication, grease and dirt shall be removed by a hot alkali solution then
rinsed with hot water.
2. After cleaning, all parts shall be immersed in hot or cold phosphate solution and
rinsed with a diluted solution of chronic acid.
3. After drying under controlled temperature, one coat of shop primer shall be
applied by dipping type especially developed for materials treated with
phosphates.
4. The cleaning, phosphating, dipping, or spraying of shop primer and even drying
shall be done on a continuous operation in the factory.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

67

C. Installation
Steel door, frames and louvers shall be set plumb and true to line in openings. The
joint between frame and masonry shall be properly caulked. Contacts between door
frame and adjacent steel shall be sealed with mastic.
D. Wall Anchors
1. A minimum of three anchors shall be provided for each jamb. Anchors shall be
located opposite the top bottom hinge and midway between top and bottom
hinges and midway between top and bottom anchors.
2. Anchors for fastening frames to masonry shall be adjustable, corrugated and or
perforated and shall be embedded not less than 20 cm into the masonry.
3. Anchors for fastening frames to metal or wood stud partitions shall be welded to
metal or nailed to wood studs respectively.
4. Floor anchors shall be provided at the bottom of each jamb member. Anchors
shall be fixed/adjustable and drilled for 10 mm diameter anchor bolts.
5. Where floor fill occurs, the bottom of frames shall terminate at the indicated
finished floor levels and shall be supported by adjustable extension clips resting
on and anchored to he structural slab.
E. Hardware
Side bronze butts for side hung doors and overhead pocket hardware for track
and roller types, and locksets shall be suitable for the service required and subject to
the approval of he supervising Architect or Engineer.
10-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. Steel doors, frames, louvers, accessories and hardware shall be measured in
square meter per set as shown on the Plans.
2. A set shall consist of metal door, jambs, anchors and hardware except door
locksets.
3. The area in square meter for every hollow steel door, flush door, grille door steel
louver installed ready for service shall be the basis of payment base on the unit
bid or contract unit price.
(B) STEEL WINDOWS
SCOPE OF WORK

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

68

The work covered by this Item shall consists of furnishing all fabricated steel
windows fully equipped with fixing accessories and locking devices and installations
as shown on the Plans and in accordance with this Specification.
10B-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1. All materials shall be hot rolled, new billet steel frame heavy section with depth
of at least 33 mm and web thickness of at least 3mm.
2. Frame members shall be of equal leg design section only at points where called
for in the Plans, and continuous angle finish as indicated on drawings.
3. Zee type sections of special design with offset permitting down-turned leg to the
vent member to seat flush when vent is in full closed position, shall be used for
frame at sills.
4. Ventilator members shall be of special angle shapes Frame and vent members
shall have integral weathering baffles providing double flat parallel weathering
contacts of not less than 6 mm width on all four sides of the ventilators.
5. Muntins shall be 21 mm x 31 mm rolled Tee sections.
6. The Frame member shall afford not less than 16 mm continuous anchorage to
surrounding masonry.
7. Steel sections shall be hot rolled new billet steel of special design.
8. Frame and ventilator members shall be specially designed zee sections, not less
than 25 mm in depth and not less than 3 mm in thickness with weathering baffles
rolled integrally to provide continuous double contact between frame and
casement ventilator members.
9. Muntins shall be 19 mm by 19 mm rolled tee sections. Side hinges shall be of
extension friction type welded to both frame and ventilator with steel nuts and
friction washers.
B. Heavy Duty Side Hinged Ventilator
1. Frame and ventilator members shall be specifically designed Zee section not less
than 33 mm in depth and not less than 3 mm in thickness, with weathering baffles
rolled integrally to provide continuous double contact between frame and side
hinged ventilator members.
2. Hinge design shall provide ferrous to non-ferrous contacts between all movable
surfaces.
3. Hinges shall be welded to both frame and ventilator.
C. Projected Ventilators
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

69

1. All members shall be hot rolled new billet steel. Window frames and ventilator
sections shall not be less than 3 mm in thickness.
2. Weather protections overlapping parallel contacts at both insides and outside
points of closure on all four sides of the ventilators shall be 6 mm.
D. Awning Ventilators
This is a series of ventilators operating simultaneously. Frame, ventilator and muntin
members shall be hot rolled new billet steel sections not less than 33 mm deep,
specially designed for steel windows.
10B-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A. Fabrication and Welds
1. Corners of frame and ventilator shall be metered and electrically butt-welded
with exposed welds ground smooth.
2. Head drips shall be provided where ventilator extend to the top of the windows.
3. Muntin shall be welded to frames. Muntin intersections shall be welded with
flush interior surfaces.
B. Residential Casement, Heavy Duty Side Hinge Window
1. Roto Type
a. Each ventilator shall be hung on two heavy hot rolled steel hinges of the
extensive type, welded to both frame and ventilator.
b. Hinged design shall provide ferrous to non-ferrous contacts between all movable
surfaces.
c. Hardware shall control the ventilator independently of the screen and shall
consist of a polished bronze locking handle and drive operator. Provided however,
that the Rotor hardware shall not be used on any ventilators that exceed 1.0
square meter in area.
d. Ventilators over 1.50 meters in height shall have three (3) hinges and double
locking device.
2. Simplex Type
1. Hinges shall be of the extension friction type with bronze friction washers and
rust proofed steel scorn nuts.
2. Hinge designed shall provide ferrous to non-ferrous contacts between all
movable surfaces.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

70

3. Hinges shall be welded to both frame and vent.

4. Polish bronze locking handle and strike shall be furnished for ventilators 50
centimeters and below in height.
5. Two point locking devices and three hinges shall be furnished for ventilators over
50 centimeters and under in height.
6. Two point locking devices and three (3) hinges for ventilators over 50 cm in
height.
7. Sill adjusters shall be provided for vents over 1.0 square meter in area.
C. Projected Window Ventilators
1. Each ventilator shall be balanced on two heavy steel arms riveted to vent and
frame. Rivet holes in arms to be bronze bushed.
2. Uniform tension to hold vent in open positions shall be obtained by two heavy
bronze, sliding friction shoes with adjustable compression springs enclosed in
bronze housing attached to the vent top rail member.
3. The window frame member shall not act as a guide for the friction shoe.
4. Hardware shall consist of polished bronze pole hook ring, cam handle and strike
for outward projecting ventilators.
D. Awning Window Ventilators
1. Each Awning window indicated on the Plans shall be of the awning type window
in which the ventilators operate simultaneously and re-controlled manually. Each
projecting panel shall be balanced on two heavy steel supporting arms.
2. Arms for upper ventilators shall have top pivots enclosed malleable iron housing
riveted to ventilator and pivoting point shall be located outside of window plane to
provide efficient leverage.
3. Awning window ventilators in each windows shall be equipped with extension
arms attached to connecting steel frame and shall be concealed within the frame
when ventilators are in closed position.
4. Where windows are screened provide a bronze under screen push bar working
through the frame member.
5. Vent connections shall have provisions for adjustment to take up wear.
6. Each pivoted window ventilators shall be pivoted horizontally at the centerline,
unless otherwise noted in the drawings. Pivot shall be heavy solid bronze
removable pins held in place with washers and cotter pins.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

71

7. Hardware shall consist of bronze peg stay bars for ventilators within reach of
floor.
E. Installation
1. All steel windows shall be set plumb and true to line in openings. The joins
between the window frame and masonry shall be carefully caulked.
2. Contact between windows or doors and adjacent steel including mullions shall be
sealed with mastic furnished and applied by the Contractor.
3. Windows shall be designed for glazing from the outside with spring wire glazing
clips and glazing putty.
4. Mullions and anchors shall be of manufacturers standard design. Vertical
mullions, anchors and bolts for attaching shall be furnished where required.
5. Adequate anchorage shall be provided to ensure firm installation.
F. Shop Painting
1. All windows shall be given a coating of gray metallic paint applied to all surfaces
as paint base for prevention of corrosion.
2. Prior to application of paint primer the steel sections shall be cleaned of rust, oil,
grease and other foreign matter.
10B-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. Steel window shall be measured by actual in place installed with respective
design/style and type of operation in square meter.
2. The actual area in square meters of steel windows satisfactorily installed and
ready for service shall be the basis for payment based on the unit bid or contract
price.

Chapter 11
ALUMINUM GLASS DOORS AND WINDOWS
(A) DOORS
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

72

SCOPE OF WORK
This Items shall consist of furnishing all aluminum glass door and window
materials, labor, tools and equipment required in undertaking the proper installation
as shown on the Plans and in accordance with this Specifications.
11A-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DOOR
1. Frames and panel members shall be fabricated from extruded aluminum sections
true to details with clean, straight, sharply defined profiles and free from defects
impairing strength, durability and appearance.
2. Extruded aluminum sections shall conform to the specification requirements of
ASTM B-211.
3. Screws, nuts, washers, bolts, rivets and other miscellaneous fastening dices shall
be made of non-corrosive materials such as aluminum and stainless steel.
4. Hardware for fixing and licking devices shall be closely matched to the extruded
aluminum section and adaptable to the type and method of opening.
5. Vinyl weather strip shall be first class quality flexible vinyl forming an effective
seal and without adverse deformation when installed.
6. Pile weather strip shall be silicon treated and free from residual wetting agents
and made of soft fine hair as on wool, fur, etc.
7. Glazing shall conform to the requirement specified in Item Glass and Glazing
Specifications.
11A-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. For all assembly and fabrication works, the cut ends shall be true to line and
accurately jointed, free of burrs and rough edges.
2. Cut-out recesses, mortising, grinding operation for hardware shall be accurately
made and properly made and properly reinforced when necessary.
3. Main frame shall consist of head, sill and jamb stiles specifically designed and
machined to inter-fit and be joined at corners with self-threading screws.
4. Frame sill shall be stepped and sloped with offset weep holes for efficient
drainage to the exterior.
5. Door panel shall be accurately joined at corners assembled and fixed rigidly to
ensure weather tightness.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

73

6. Aluminum glass door and main frame shall be installed in a prepared opening to
be set plumb, square, level and true to details.
7. All joints between metal surface and masonry shall be fully caulked to ensure
weather tightness.
8. Sliding type door panel shall be equipped with concealed roller overhead tracks
with bottom guide.
9. Double action type door panel shall be equipped with heavy-duty hinges that will
control the door leaf in a close or open position.
10. Weather strip shall be furnished on edges at the meeting stiles of doors.
11. Where aluminum is to be in contact with steel, concrete, cinder, block, tile,
plaster or other similar masonry construction, the aluminum surface shall be back
pained before erection with a bituminous paint.
12. Exposed Aluminum surface shall be electro type hard coats.
13. Protection
a. All aluminum parts shall be protected adequately to ensure against damaged
during transit and construction operations.
b. Aluminum parts in contact with steel members shall be properly insulated by
a coat of zinc chromate primer applied to the steel or by application of
bituminous paint.
14. Cleaning
a. The Contractor shall protect all entrance units during construction and shall
be responsible for removal of protective materials and cleaning of all
aluminum surfaces.
b. Aluminum shall be thoroughly cleaned with plain water with kerosene or
gasoline and then wipe surfaces using cotton fabric. No abrasive cleaning
agents shall be permitted.
11A-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. Aluminum glass door, fully equipped with fixing accessories and locking devices
shall be measured in square meters based on actual in place installed including
main frame and ready for service as provided in this Specifications shall be the
basis of payment based on the Unit Bid Price or Contract price.
(B) WINDOWS
SCOPE OF WORK

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

74

The scope of work under this Item is the same as that of Aluminum Glass Doors
and also the Material and construction Aluminum Glass Doors and also the Material
and construction Requirements of Section 11-1 and 11-2 of this chapter respectively.
11B-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Window Panel
Window Panel shall be connected at corners with miter joint fixed rigidly to
ensure weather tightness.
B. Sliding Windows
1. Sliding windows shall be provided with nylon sheave.
2. Sliding panels shall be suspended with concealed roller overhead tracks with
bottom guide pitch outward and slotted for complete drainage.
3. The sliding panels shall be provided with interior handles.
4. The locking devices shall be a spring loaded extruded latch that automatically
engages special frame hips.
C. Casement Window
1. Casement window type shall be provided with two hinges fabricated from
extruded aluminum alloy. They shall open on stay arms having adjustable sliding
friction shoes to control window panel operations.
2. Locking device shall be one arm action handle for manual operations complete
with strike plate.
3. All joints between metal surface and masonry shall be fully and nearly caulked.
4. Aluminum parts in contact with steel members shall be properly insulated by a
coat of zinc chromate, primer/ bituminous paint applied to the steel surface.
5. Weather strip shall be furnished on edges at the meeting stiles.
6. Exposed aluminum surfaces shall be electrotype hard coats such as anodize,
satin, etc.
7. All Aluminum parts shall be protected adequately to ensure against damage
during transit and construction phase.
D. Cleaning
1. The contractor does not only protect all entrance units during the construction
phase but shall also be responsible for removal of protective materials and
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

75

cleaning the aluminum surface glazing before work is accepted by the supervising
Architect or Engineer.
2. Aluminum shall be thoroughly cleaned with kerosene or gasoline diluted with
water and then wipes surface using clean cloth rugs.
3. No abrasive cleaning materials shall be permitted in cleaning aluminum surfaces.
11B-2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. Aluminum glass window fully equipped with fixing accessories and locking
devices shall be measured in square meters actually installed in place and
accepted to the satisfaction of the supervising Architect or Engineer.
2. The area of aluminum glass windows in square meters ready for service as
provided in the Bill of Quantities shall be the basis of payment constitutes all
materials, labor including incidentals.

Chapter 12

GLASS AND GLAZING

SCOPE OF WORK
This Item consist of furnishing all glass and glazing materials. Labor, tools, plant
and equipment required in undertaking the proper installation as shown on the Plans
and in accordance with this Specifications.
12-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
All glass and glazing materials shall be delivered at jobsite with labels affixed
indicating quality, make, type and thickness. Each glass in glazed position shall resist
a design pressure of 244 kilograms per square meter.
A. Plate Glass
Plate glass shall be manufactured from float glass that is mechanically rounded
and polished and sealed with a coating of silver and a uniform film of electrolytic
copper plating, then applied with protective coating of paint to seal out moisture from
the silver. Use where good vision is required.
B. Float Glass
These basic types of glass shall be manufactured by floating continuous ribbon of
molten glass into a bath of molten tin where it is reheated to obtain a flat fire
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

76

polished finish and annealed slowly to produce a transparent float glass eliminating
grinding and polishing.
Variations of these basic types are:
Grade AA-Intended for use were superior quality is required.
Grade A- Intended for selected glazing.
Grade B- Intended for general glazing.
Greenhouse quality- Intended for greenhouse glazing where quality is not very
important.
C. Glazing Materials
1. Glazing materials for glass installation may be:
a. Bulk compound such as mastic that are elastic and non-skinning compound.
b. Putties- wood sash putty, or metal sash quality.
c. Sealant- shall be chemically compatible with setting blocks and sealing tapes.
2. Performed Sealant such as:
a. Synthetic polymer- shall be base sealant that is resilient or non-resilient type.
b. Performed Gasket- shall be compression or structural type.
3. Setting and Edge Blocks shall be made of lead or neoprene, chemically
compatible with sealant.
4. Accessories like glazing clips, shims spacer strips etc. shall be made from noncorroding metal accessories.
D. Schedule of Glass and Mirrors
1. Use 5.6 mm (7/32) thick sheet glass of locally manufactured clear quality for the
following: (unless otherwise indicated on the Plans as frosted)
a. Aluminum windows and doors, notwithstanding plate glass indicated
elsewhere.
b. Jalousie window glass slats
c. Fixed glass louvers.
d. Glass panels for partitions and counter door panels, if any.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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77

e. Sliding glass doors for cabinets.

2. All glass panels for cabinets, except sliding doors shall be clear glass of locally
manufactured float glass quality, 4.7 mm (3/16) thick.
3. They shall be clear, except where indicated on the Plans as frosted, diffused or
opaque. Same shall be used for wooden sashes.
4. Unless otherwise noted, clear glass that are locally manufactured shall be used
for steel windows:
Use 3.1 mm-1/8 thick for areas exceeding .60 m2
Use 4.7 mm thick for areas exceeding .60 m2
5. All comfort rooms whether shown or not , the Contractor shall provide and fit
securely in place at the most convenient height above each lavatory on mirror,
made from local glazing quality polished plate glass 6 mm thick with beveled
edges and brass chromium plated frame 12 mm thick waterproof tanguile marine
plywood backing, all in accordance with full size details. Sizes are as follows.
a. Over single lavatories--- 60 cm x 75 cm
b. For two lavatories------ 120 cm x 75 cm
c. For three lavatories----- 180 cm x 75 cm
12-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. Safety precaution and procedure shall be observed in determining the sizes and
in providing the required clearances by measuring the actual opening to receive
the glass.
2. Movable items or parts shall be kept in a closed and locked position until after
the lazing compound has thoroughly set.
3. All glass sheets shall be bedded, back puttied, secured in place and face puttied.
Secure glass in aluminum frame with non-corrosive clips except where glazing
beads are required.
4. Apply putty in a uniformly straight lines, with accurately formed bevels and clean
cut corners, then remove excess putty from glass and frames.
5. Set glass n hollow metal doors and in metal frames of interior partitions in felt
channel insets or bedded in putty to prevent any rattle.
a. Secure glass in wood doors and wooden frames with glazing stops.
b. Secure stops on doors with screws.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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78

6. Glass breakage caused in executing the work or by faulty installation shall be

replaced by the Contractor without extra cost.
7. Improperly installed glass which does not fully meet the requirements of its
grade, will not be accepted and shall be replaced without extra coat.
8. The Contractor shall provide and install complete set ready or use mirrors in all
comfort rooms and elsewhere shown on the Plans. The size and location for each
mirror shall be as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Architect.
A. Workmanship
1. All glass shall be accurately cut to fit openings and st with equal bearing on the
entire width of plane.
2. Putty shall be neatly run in straight lines parallel with inside of glazing rebate.
3. Corners shall be carefully made. All excess putty shall be removed and surfaces
left clean.
4. Apply a thin layer of putty to rebate and set glass. Apply putty by pressing into an
even bed secured.
5. Place spring ire or angle glazing clips and run face putty. Remove excess putty
from other side flush with edge of rebate.
B. Cleaning
Cleaning all glass on both sides after putty has been applied completely. Do not
disturb edge of putty with scraper. At completion of work leave glass and glazing
works free from cracks and rattles and clean on both sides.
C. Samples
The Contractor shall submit for approval duplicate sample (15 cm X 25 cm) of
each type of glass bearing manufacturers label and a can of each type of putty.

12-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

1. This Item shall be measured by actual area of glass sheets installed respective of
the quality type and thickness in square meters.
2. The quantified unit of measurement shall be those accepted to the satisfaction of
the Owner.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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3. The quantities as measured shall be paid for he Unit Bid Price which payment
constitute full compensation for all glass and glazing materials, labor and other
facilities, and incidental necessary to complete the work.

Chapter 13

TILEWORKS

(A) CERAMICS TILES

SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing all Ceramic Tiles and cementitious materials,
tools and equipment including labor required in undertaking the proper installation
of walls and floor tiles as shown on the Plans and in accordance with this
Specifications.
13A-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Ceramic Tiles
1. Ceramic tiles and trims shall be made of clay, or a mixture of clay and other
materials which is called the body of the tile classified by ASTM C-242 as to their
degree of water absorption.
2. Ceramic tiles and trims are manufactured either by dust pressed process or by
plastic process in which the clays are made plastic by mixing with water, shaped
by extrusion or in molds and then fired.
B. Glazed Tiles and Trim
1. Glazed tiles and trims shall have an impervious face of ceramic materials fused
on to the body of the tiles and trims.
2. The glazed surface may be clear white or colored pending on the color scheme
approved by the Architect.
3. Standard glaze may be right (glossy) semi-matte (less glossy) matte (dull) or
crystalline ( mottled and textured), good resistance to abrasion.
4. Glazed tiles shall be used for walls. Crystalline glazed tiles may be used for floors
provided that these are used as light duty floors.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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C. Unglazed Tiles and Trims

1. Unglazed tiles shall be hard dense tile of homogeneous composition. Its color and
characteristics are determined by the materials used in the body, the method of
manufacture and the thermal treatment. Unless otherwise specified, used
unglazed tiles for all floors as indicated on the Plan.
2. Trims are manufactures to match wall tile color, texture and to coordinate with it
in dimension.
3. These are shaped in various ceramic trim units such as caps, bases, coves, bullnose, corners, angles, etc. that are necessary for edging or making a transition
between intersecting surfaces.
13A-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Tile work shall not be started until roughing-ins for plumbing, electrical and other
trades have been completed and tested. The work of all other trades shall be
protected from any kind damages.
A. Surface Preparation
1. Mortar mix for scratch coat and setting bed shall consist of one part Portland
cement part lime and 3 parts sand by volume.
2. Surface to receive tile must be level, true to elevation, dry, free from dirt, oil and
other kinds of ointments.
3. Allow at least seven days curing of scratch coat and setting bed. Installation work
shall not be allowed to proceed until unsatisfactorily conditions are corrected.
4. Thoroughly dampen surfaces of masonry or concrete before scratch coat is
applied.
5. On masonry surface apply first a thin coat with pressure, and then bring it out
sufficiently to compensate for the major irregularities of the surface to a thickness
not less than 10 mm at any point.
6. Evenly rake the scratch coat o provide good mechanical key before the mortar
mix has fully hardened.
B. Installation of Ceramic Glazed Wall Tiles
Ceramic tiles shall be soaked in clean water prior to installation for a minimum of
one hour.
1. Determine and mark layout of ceramic tiles as to joint location, position of trims
and fixtures so as to minimize cutting less than one half size of the tile.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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College of Engineering
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2. Thoroughly dampen surface of wall but not to saturate the surface.

3. Apply a bond coat mix with consistency of cream paste 1.5 mm thick to the wall
surface or to the back of the tile to be laid.
4. Lay the tiles true to profile then exert pressure and tamp tile surface before the
bond coat mix has initially.
5. Continue with the next full tile to be laid and pressed firmly upon the setting bed
tamped until flush and in place of the other tiles.
6. Intersections and returns shall be formed accurately using the appropriate trim.
7. All lines shall be kept straight and true to profiles, plumbed and internal corners
rounded using the appropriate trims.
C. Installation of Vitrified Unglazed Floor Tiles
1. Before tile is laid to the floor, surface shall be tested for levelness or uniformity of
slope by flooding it with water. Area where water ponds are filled and leveled
shall be tested again before the setting bed is applied.
2. Establish the lines of borders and center of the walls at the fieldwork in both
directions to permit the pattern to be laid with a minimum cutting o tiles.
3. Clean concrete sub-floor then moisten but do not soak. Then, sprinkle dry cement
over the surface and spread the mortar on the setting bed.
4. Apply and spread mortar mix for setting bed and tamp to assure good bond over
the entire area to be laid with tile.
5. Pitch floor to drain as shown on Plans or as directed by the Architect or Engineer.
6. Allow the setting bed to set sufficiently, then spread a bond coat over the surface
and lay the tile.
D. Grouting and Pointing
1. Before grouting of joints, tiles shall have been laid in place for at least 24 hours.
Grouting mortar shall be white Portland cement or blended with pigments to
acquire the color appropriate for the ceramic tiles.
2. Grouting mortar shall be applied over the tile by float or squeegee stroked
diagonally across the joints.
3. Remove excess mortar with a wet sponge stroked diagonally or in a circular
motion after 12-15 minutes.
4. Follow with a barely damp or dry sponge to remove remaining haze while
smoothing all grouted joints.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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82

E. Cleaning
1. Clean ceramic tiles surface thoroughly as possible upon competition of grouting.
2. Remove all grout haze observing tile manufacturers instructions as to the use of
acid or chemical cleaners.
3. Rinse tile thoroughly with clean water before and after using chemical cleaners.
4. Polish surface of tile with soft cloth.
F. Protection
1. Apply a protective coat of neutral cleanse solution diluted with water in the
proportion of 1:4 or one liter cleanser concentrate to one gallon of water.
2. In addition, cover tile flooring with heavy-duty non-staining construction paper,
taped in place.
3. Just before final acceptance of the work, remove paper and rinse the protective
coat of neutral cleaner from the tile surface.
4. Do not let protective paper get torn or removed.
13A-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. All works performed under this Item shall be measured in square meters for
areas actually laid with ceramic tiles and accepted to he satisfaction of the
Architect or Engineer.
2. Ceramic tile work determined and provided in the Bill of Quantities shall be paid
for based on the Unit Bid Price which price and payment constitute full
compensation for furnishing all materials, tools, equipment and other incidentals
necessary to complete this item.

Chapter 14
PLUMBING
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials, tools, equipment and fixtures as
shown on the Plans for the satisfactory performance of the entire pluming system
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
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83

including installation in accordance with the latest edition of the National Plumbing
Code, and this Specifications.
14-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
All piping materials, fixtures and appliances fitting accessories whether
specifically mentioned or not but necessary to complete this Item shall be furnished
and installed.
A. Plastic Pipes
1. Unless otherwise specified or shown on drawings all tube pipes to be use in this
project shall be plastic or synthetic materials.
2. For rigid type of connections, the following shall be used: Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
(uPVC); Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS); Polypropylene (PP) and Stryrene
Rubber Plastic (SR).
3. For flexible connection either of he following shall be used: Polyethylene (PE) and
Polybutylene (PB).
4. The PE and PB tubes are in coil form available up to 150 meters long in coil form
shall be used for underground.
5. Plastic pipe shall be quality made by reputable manufacturers free from defects,
and shall be true, smooth and cylindrical, their inner and outer surfaces being as
nearly concentric as practicable.
6. They shall be in all aspect, sound and perfectly molded free from laps, pin holes
or other imperfections and shall be neatly dressed with its end finished reasonably
square to their axes.
7. Pipes and fittings for sanitary and potable water lines as approved alternate shall
be unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes and fittings (uPVC).
8. Pipes and fittings shall be made of virgin materials conforming to Specification
requirements defined in ASTM D-2241 and PNS 65: 1986.
9. Fittings shall be molded type and designed for solvent cement joint connection
for water lines and rubber O-ring seal joint for sanitary lines.
B. Septic Tank
1. The septic tank shall be provided as shown on the Plans including all pipe vents
and fittings.
2. Various construction materials such as concrete masonry work shall conform to
the corresponding Items of his Specifications.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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3. Inlet and outlet pipes shall conform to the latest edition of the National Plumbing
Code.
C. Plumbing Fixtures and Fittings
1. All fittings and trimmings for fixtures shall be chromium plated and polished
brass unless otherwise approved.
2. Exposed traps and supply pipes for fixtures shall be connected to the roughing-in,
piping system at the wall unless otherwise indicate on the Plans.
3. Built in fixtures shall be watertight with provision off water supply and drainage
outlet, fittings and trap seal.
4. Unless otherwise specified, all plumbing fixtures shall be made of vitreous china
complete with fittings.
a. Water closet shall be vitreous china, free standing toilet combination, round
front bottom outlet siphon vortex or wash-down bowl with extended rear elf
and closed coupled tank with cover complete with fittings and mounting
accessories.
b. Lavatory shall be vitreous china, wall hung with rear overflow and cast in
soap dishes, pocket hanger with integral china brackets, complete with twin
faucets, supply pipes, p-trap and mounting accessories.
c. Where indicated on the Plans, the counter top model makes and color shall b
approved by the designing Architect.
d. Urinal shall be vitreous china, wall hung wash-out urinal with extended
shields and integral flush spreader, concealed wall hanger pockets, 19 mm top
spud complete with fitting and mounting accessories. Model make and color
shall be approved by the designing Architect.
D. Bathroom and Toilet Accessories
1. Shower head and fitting shall be movable, cone type with excutcheon arm
complete with stainless steel shower valve and control lever. All exposed surface
to be chromium finish.
2. Grab bars shall be made of tubular stainless steel pipe provided with safety grip
and mounting flange.
3. Floor drains shall be made of stainless steel beehive type, measuring 10cm x 10
cm and provided with detachable stainless strainer, expanded metal lath type.
4. Toilet paper holder shall be vitreous china wall mounted. Color shall reconcile
with the adjacent fixture and facing tiles.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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College of Engineering
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85

5. Soap holder shall be vitreous china wall mounted. Color shall reconcile with the
adjacent tile works.
6. Faucets shall be made of stainless steel for interior use.
7. Hose bibs shall be made of bronze cast finish.
E. Special Plumbing Fixtures
1. Kitchen sink shall be made of stainless steel self-rimming, ingle compartment
complete with supply fittings, strainer traps, dual control lever and other
accessories.
2. Laboratory sink shall be made of cast iron metal with white porcelain finish with
single compartment, flat rim edge, 75 x 53 cm complete with supply fittings,
strainer, trap ad other accessories.
3. Scrub-up sink shall be made of cast iron white porcelain finish with 3
compartment X-ray processing tank, drain plug, open sanding drain 19 mm inlet
spud complete with stand and mounting accessories.
4. Built in appliances such as urinal, lavatory and slope sink shall be installed as
indicated on the Plans. Exposed surfaces to be tile wainscoating complete with
fitting accessories required as practiced in this specialty trade.
5. Squat Bowl(s) shall be vitreous china, wash down with integral foot treads, pail
flush type. Color, make and type to be approve by the designing Architect.
6. Grease Traps shall be made of cast bronze with detachable cover and mounting
accessories.
F. Roof Drains, Overflow Pipes and Steel Grating
1. The Contractor shall be made of cast bronze with detachable cover and mounting
accessories.
2. Each drain with strainer shall fit the size f the corresponding downspout or roof
leader over which it is to be installed and in conformity with the following
schedule.
a. Scrupper drains (for balconies, parapet) shall be made of bronze base with
flashing. Flange threaded outlet and convex with integral flashing clamp
bolted to flange.
b. Josam type drains shall be made of bronze base semi-dome with large free
are, flashing clamp and integral gravel stopper, for roof decks, canopies,
gutters and elsewhere indicated on the Plans.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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College of Engineering
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c. Downspout when encased in concrete, unless otherwise shown on the Plans

shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), whether indicated or specified requirement
as herein described.
d. Overflow pipes shall be made of galvanized iron pipe measuring at least 13
mm diameter and spaced at 20 centimeters on center.
e. Steel gratings shall be made of wrought iron metal of design on shop
drawings approved and surfaces to be coated with shop finish.
G. Fire Protection System
1. Fire hose cabinets shall be locally available consisting of 38 mm diameter valve
hose rack with 30 mm nipple rubber hose cable with square nozzle 38 mm
diameter brass, chromium plated.
2. Fire Standpipe systems shall consist of risers and hose valves. Standpipe shall be
extra strong black iron.
3. Valves to be used shall be high-grade cast bronze mounted with standing 79.40
kg working pressure.
4. Fire extinguisher shall b portable, suitable for Class A, B, C, fires, mounted inside
the cabinet. Cabinet shall be full flush mounting door with aluminum trim for
glass plate.
5. Frame and box shall be made of gauge 14 galvanized iron sheet with white
interior and red exterior baked enamel finis over the well prepared primer.
6. Cabinet shall be wall mounted and size to accommodate the define components.
7. Yard hydrant where shown on the Plans shall match the Integrated Fire
Department requirements. Outlet shall e single 63 mm diameter gate valves with
chain-connected caps.
8. Built in appliances such as urinal, lavatory ands lope sink shall be installed as
indicated on the Plans. Exposed surface to be tile wainscoating complete with
fitting accessories required as practiced in this specialty trade.
14-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor before any installation work is started shall carefully examine the
Plans and investigate actual structural and finishing work condition affecting all hi
work. Where actual condition necessitates a rearrangement of the approved pipe
layout, the Contractor shall prepare Plan(s) of the proposed pipe layout for approval
by the supervising Architect or Engineer.
A. Installation of Soil, Waste, Drain and Vent Pipes
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
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College of Engineering
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1. Soil Pipe All soil and drainage pipes shall be sloped at 2% or 2 cm per 1.0
meter run but in no case flatter than one (1%) percent.
2. Horizontal lines shall be supported by well secured heavy strap hangers.
3. Vertical lines shall be secured strongly by hooks to the building frame and a
suitable brackets or chairs shall be provided at the floor from which they start.
4. All main Vertical Soil and Waste Stacks shall be extended full size to and above
the roof line to act as vents, except otherwise indicated on the Plans.
5. Vent Pipes in roof spaces shall be run as close as possible to under side of roof
with horizontal piping slope down to stacks without forming traps. Vertical vent
pipe may be connected into one main vent riser above the highest vented fixtures.
6. Where an end or circuit vent pipe from any fixtures is connected to a vent line
serving other fixtures, the connections shall be at least 120 cm above the floor on
which the fixtures are located.
7. Horizontal waste line receiving the discharge from two or more fixtures shall be
provided with end vents unless separate venting of fixtures is noted on the Plan.
8. All changes in pipe sizes such as soil and waste lines shall be made with reducing
fittings or recessed reducers.
9. All changes in directions shall be made by appropriate use of 45 degrees Y; half
Y; long sweep; quarter bends or elbows for soil and waste lines where the change
in direction of flow is form the horizontal to the vertical and discharges from
water closet.
10. Where it becomes necessary to use short radius fittings in other locations, the
approval of the supervising Architect or Engineer shall be obtained prior to
installation of said fittings.
11. Cleanouts at the bottom of each soil stack, waste stack, interior downspout,
and where else indicated shall be the same as the pipelines.
12. Vent Pipes shall be flashed and made watertight at the roof with ferrule lead
sheet.
13. Trap Each fixtures and place of equipment requiring connection to the
drainage system except fixtures and continuous waste shall be equipped with a
trap. Each trap shall be placed as near to the fixtures as possible.
B. Water Pipes, Fittings and Connections
1. The water supply piping shall be extended to all fixtures, outlets, and equipment
from the gate valves installed in the branch near the riser.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

88

2. The cold water system shall be installed with a slope towards a main shutoff
valve and drain. Ends of pipe and outlets shall be capped or plugged and left
ready for future connections.
3. All pipes shall be cut accurately to measurements and shall be worked into place
without springing or forcing.
4. All piping above the ground unless otherwise indicated on the Plan.
5. All service pipes, valves, and fittings shall be kept at sufficient distance from
other work to permit finished covering not less than 12 mm from such work or
from finished covering on the different service.
6. No water piping shall be buried in floors, unless specifically indicated on the
Plan. Changes in pipe directions shall be made with reducing fittings.
7. Pipe drain indicated on the drawings shall consist of 12 mm globe valve with
renewable disc and installed at low points on the cold water piping so that all
piping shall slope 10 cm in 30 meters.
8. All pipes to be threaded shall be reamed before threading. All screw joints shall
be made with graphite and oil or with an approved graphite compound applied to
make threads only.

C. Fire Standpipe System

Fire standpipe system shall consist of risers and hose valve. Standpipe shall be
extra quality approved by the Underwriters specifications.
D. Valves and Hose Bibs
Valves shall be provided on all supplied fixture as herein specified.
1. The cold-water connections to the domestic hot water heater shall be provided
with gate valves and the return circulation connection shall have gate and check
valve.
2. All connection to domestic hot water heaters shall be equipped with unions
between valve and tanks.
3. Valve shall not be installed with its stem below the horizontal elevation. All valves
be gate valves unless otherwise indicated on the plans.
4. Valves up to 50 mm diameter shall be gate threaded ends, rough bodies and
finished trimmings, except those on chromium plate brass pipe.
5. Valves 63 mm in diameter and larger shall have iron bodies, brass mounted and
shall have either screws or flange ends.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

89

6. Hose bibs shall be made of brass with 12 mm inlet threads hexagonal shoulders
and 19 mm male.
E. Fixtures, Equipment and Fastenings
1. All fixtures and equipment shall be supported and fastened in a safe and
satisfactory workmanship as practiced.
2. All fixtures required to be wall mounted on concrete or concrete hollow block
wall shall be fasten with brass expansion bolts.
3. Expansion bolts shall be 6 mm diameter with 20 mm threads into solid concrete,
fitted with tubing or sleeves of proper length to acquire extreme rigidity.
4. Inserts shall be rigidly secured, anchored and properly concealed and flushed
into the walls.
5. Bolts and nuts shall be horizontally mounted and exposed. It shall be provided
with washers and chromium plate finish.
F. Pipe Hangers, Inserts and Supports
1. Pipe hangers shall be wrought iron or malleable iron pipe spaced not more than
1.50 meters apart for horizontal runs of pipe.
2. Chains, straps, perforated turn-buckles or other approved means of adjustment
except the turn-buckles may be omitted for hangers on soil or waste lines or
individual toilet rooms to maintain stacks when spaced does not permit.
3. Trapeze hangers may be used in lieu of separate hangers on pipe running parallel
to and closed to each other.
4. Inserts shall be cast steel of the type to receive machine bolt or nut after
installation. Insert permit adjustment of the bolts in one horizontal direction and
shall be installed before the pouring of concrete.
5. Wrought iron clamps or collars to support vertical runs of pipe shall be spaced
not more than 3.0 m apart or as indicated on the Plan.
G. Plates and Flashing
1. Plates to cover exposed pipes passing thorough floor finished, walls, or ceiling
shall be filled with chromium plated cast brass plates or chromium plated cast
iron on steel plates on ferrous pipes.
2. Plates shall be large enough to cover and close the hole around the area where
pipes passes. It shall be properly installed to insure permanence.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

90

3. Roof areas penetrated by vent pipes shall be rendered watertight by lead flashing
and counter flashing. It shall extend at least 15 cm above the pipe and 30 cm
along the roof.
H. Protection and Cleaning
1. During installation of fixtures and accessories and until final acceptance, fixtures
shall be protected with strippable plastic or other approved means to maintain
fixtures in perfect conditions.
2. All exposed metal surfaces shall be polished clean and free of grease, dirt or
other foreign materials after the completion.
3. Upon completion, thoroughly clean all fixtures and accessories to leave the work
in polished condition.
I. Inspection, Warranty Test and Disinfection
1. All pipes, fitting, traps, fixtures, appurtenances and equipment of the plumbing
and drainage system shall be inspected and approved by the supervising Architect
or Engineer to assure compliance with all requirements of applicable Codes and
Regulations referred to in this Specifications.
J. Drainage System Test
1. The entire drainage and venting system shall have all the necessary openings
which can be plugged to permit the entire system to be filled with water to the
level of the highest stack vent above the roof.
2. The system shall hold this water for a full 30 minutes during which time there
shall be no drop grater than 10 mm.
3. Where only apportion of the system is to be tested, the test shall be conducted in
the same manner as described for the entire system.
4. If and when the Architect or Engineer decides that an additional test is needed,
such as air to smoke test on the drainage system, the Contractor shall perform
such test without any additional cost.

K. Water Test on System

1. Upon completion of the rough-in and before connecting fixtures, the entire cold
water piping system shall be tested at a hydrostatic pressure 1-1/2 times the
expected working pressure in the system during operation and remained tight and
leak proofed.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

91

2. Where piping system is to be concealed, the piping system shall be separately in

manner similar to that described for the entire system and in the presence of the
Architect or Engineer or his duly designated representative.
L. Defective Work
1. All defective work, materials replaced and tested will be repeated until
satisfactory performance is attained.
2. Any material replaced for the satisfactory performance of the system made shall
be at the expense of the Contractor.
3. After contact period of not less than 16 hours, the heavily chlorinated water shall
be flushed from the system with potable water.
4. Valves for the water distribution system shall be opened and closed several times
during the16 hours Chlorination treatment period.
N. As-Built Drawings
1. Upon completion of the work, the Contractor shall submit two sets of prints with
all As-Built changes shown on the drawings in a neat workmanship manner.
2. Such prints shall show changes or actual installation and conditions of the
plumbing system in comparison with the original drawings.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

Chapter 15

92

ELECTRICAL

SCOPE OF WORK
The work under this Division consist of furnishing all materials, equipment, tools,
labor and all other services necessary to complete and make ready for operation the
Electrical Power and Lighting System described below and or indicated in the
Electrical Plans in accordance with the latest edition of the Philippine Electrical Code
and this Specifications and General Conditions of the Contract.
15-1 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. Furnishing and installation of underground service entrance, conduits and
conductors, and all items required by local utility power companys policy, rules
and regulations.
2. Furnishing and installation of panel boards at location indicated on the plan and
electrical riser layout, including all accessories required.
3. Furnishing and installation of feeder and branch circuit conductors with the
necessary conduits, approved type of fittings and devices as indicated in the
electrical plans.
4. Furnishing and installation of all types of utilization devices, outlets and wall
switches with properly installed cover plate.
5. Furnishing of all lighting fixtures, conduits, including service entrance duct,
terminal cabinet and utility boxes.
15-2 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
1. The installation and equipment shall conform to good engineering practices and
in particular comply with the requirements laid down in the following documents
or its equivalent which are mandatory and modified only by specific agreement.
Philippine Electrical Code----------------PEC
Underwriters Laboratory, Inc-----------UL
National Electrical Manufacturers
Association---------------------------------NEMA
Local Utility Power Company-----------LUPC
2. In addition to the requirements of these Codes and the Utility Power Companys
requirements, local government regulations and suppliers Specifications if any,
shall be followed.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

93

15-3 DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS

1. The drawings and Specifications are meant to be complementary to each other,
and what is called for by one shall be binding as if called for both.
2. Any apparent conflict between the drawings and specifications, and any
controversial or unclear points in either shall be referred to the supervising
Architect or Engineer for final interpretation and decisions.
3. On one copy of the plans, have a record showing all deviations that happened
during the construction.
4. Upon completion of work as described herein, the Contactor at his own expense
shall furnish the Owner 6 copies of the As Built plan for future references and
maintenance purposes.
15-4 CORRELATION OF WORK
1. The Electrical Contractor shall confer with the General Contractor and Architect
to determine how and where his work fits with that of other crafts, after
familiarizing himself with the plans and specifications.
2. This shall be done at the beginning of construction. Should there be any existing
doubts at any point, ruling shall be secured given time to inspect the work
covering this point and to prepare a detail in he form of drawings and written
instructions as required.
15- 5 PERMITS AND INSPECTION
1. The Contactor shall obtain at his own expense. All the necessary permits and
certificate of Electrical Inspection from the proper government authorities
required for both the performance of his work involved and the proper operation
of he system upon completion of the work.
2. The Contractor shall at his expense, reproduce the electrical plans for his work to
the necessary scale and complete them with the information and requirements as
required by the government authorities concerned in issuing permits and
Certificate of Electrical Inspection.
15-6 EXAMINATION OF PREMISES
1. Prospective bidder is required to examine the architectural, structural, and
electrical plans o the project, to visit the site and carefully take note of all the
conditions thereat to have personal informed under which the electrical work is to
be done.
2. No allowance will subsequently be made in hi behalf of any error on his part. He
will be deemed to have done this before submitting his proposal and no
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

94

subsequent claims on the ground of inadequate or inaccurate information will be

entertained.
15-7 LAYOUT OF WORK
1. Electrical system layout indicated on the drawings are generally diagrammatic
and the location of outlets, devices, apparatus and equipment are only
approximate.
2. The exact routing of conduits, location of outlets, devices, apparatus and
equipment shall be governed by structural and architectural conditions and
limitations.
3. For the exact location, consult the supervising Architect or Engineer. This does
not mean to permit redesigning of he systems. All outlets are to be interconnected
as indicated in the drawings.
4. The Owner reserves the right to make any reasonable change in location of outlet
and equipment prior to rough-in, without involving additional expense.
5. The Contractor shall be responsible and pay charges for cutting and patching for
piping lines where sleeves or slots were not installed or where incorrectly located.
15-8 MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP
1. All materials to be installed shall be unused, brand new and shall conform with
the standard has been established for the particular type of materials to be used.
2. Only skilled workmen using proper tools and equipment shall be employed during
the entire course of installation work.
3. All workmanship shall b of the best practices of the trade involved. The same job
foremen shall be assigned and maintained at the job site during the entire course
of the job.
15-9 UNDERGROUND SERVICE ENTRANCE
1. The Electrical Contractor shall furnish and install 220 volt current rating, 3Phaseline underground service entrance connection.
2. The service entrance conductors shall be thermoplastic type THW standard
copper conductors, stranded, whose number and size are indicated on the plans
and electrical riser diagram.
3. The underground service entrance shall be laid at least 60 centimeters below the
finished grade line and shall be installed to make the joints entirely watertight.
4. The conductor shall then be encased with concrete at least 8 centimeters thick.
15-10 SERVICE METERING FACILITIES
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

95

1. The Contractor shall furnish and install a concrete pedestal pole size 30 cm x 30
cm x 5.50 m in the location shown in the plan and electrical diagram including
line accessories and hardware in accordance with the local power companys
standards.
2. It shall be the duty of the Contractor to request the local power company to
install a proper type and size of service metering instruments and all other
necessary accessories, materials, equipment, devices and fittings.
15-11 PANELBOARDS
1. The Contractor shall furnish and install the necessary panel boards multi-breaker
type including the breakers as indicated in the drawings.
2. Circuit breakers shall be tropical of the magnetic thermal type with ratings and
number of poles as indicated in the drawings.
3. All panel boards to be used shall be flush mounted when located in areas that are
visible to he general public and may be surface mounted when located in machine
room or areas where they are not visible to the public.
4. All panel board shall beset plumb and symmetrical with the surrounding objects.
Panel boards shall be installed in a perfectly fit cabinet of appropriate size
provided with a sop in-door trim and good quality cylinder lock.
15-12 CONDUIT WORK
1. Standard PVC conduit pipe system is required for this project.
2. Conduit runs shall be concealed in drop ceiling and or embedded in concrete
structure where concealment is not possible.
3. No conduit of less than 15 mm normal diameter shall be installed for this project.
Two or more conduits shall not be installed in lieu of a larger size.
4. Conduit run shall be continuous from outlet and no running thread shall be in any
conduit run. Conduit shall be cut square and properly reamed.
5. All joints shall be screwed enter knockouts of conduit boxes, pull boxes, panels
and cabinet squarely. Lock-nuts shall be screwed tight to insure continuity of
raceway grounding.
6. Bonds and offset shall be avoided where possible, but where necessary it shall be
made with approved conduit bending apparatus.
7. Conduits which have been deformed or crushed in any manner should not be
installed.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

96

8. The Contractor shall plug with lead or closed with approved pipe caps the ends of
all conduit which are to be left empty within the cabinets and conduit boxes so as
to prevent the entrance of white ants and dirt within the conduit system.
9. This lead or cap shall be placed that can be easily removed when so desired and
at the same time serve the purpose intended.
10. Pull wire shall be inserted in the empty ducts before they are closed with lead
or caps and shall be left therein for future use.
11. When not shown on the plans, conduit sizes shall correspond to the conduit
sizes on tables of the Philippine Electrical Code latest edition.
15-13 FEEDERS AND FEEDER DUCTS
1. Feeder shall be laid out in accordance with the on-line diagram shown in the
drawings.
2. Unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings Type THW wires shall be
used for feeder runs. The wires and conduit shown in the drawings shall be the
minimum size to be used for feeder runs.
15-14 WIRING METHODS
1. Wiring for all systems shall be type THW or TW conductors using plastic conduit
pipes. Other types of conductors shall be as indicated in the drawings.
2. Conduit hall be embedded in columns, walls and toppings of floors slabs to allow
flush connections and lighting system which may be exposed between joints in
case a drop ceiling is installed.
3. Proper fittings shall be provided at ends of conduits. Wiring installations
thorough wooden double partitions shall be in standard PVC conduits, and in al
cases, the wiring installation shall be concealed from view.
4. All conduit and conduit fittings shall be PVC and shall conform to the U.S.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Standard and Codes.
5. The minimum size of conduit to be used shall be 13 mm diameter. Sizes larger
than 13 mm diameter shall be indicated in the drawings.
6. Smallest size of conductor to be used shall be 2.0 mm 2, type TW or THW. TW wire
shall be indicated in the drawings.
7. Circuit homeruns for lighting shall be 3.5 mm 2 and 5.5 mm2 for the power or
otherwise indicated on the plans.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

97

8. All splices, tape and junctions for all systems using conductors up to 14 mm 2 shall
be accomplished by using electrical friction or rubber tapes.
9. Proper type of connections shall be employed to accommodate all splices and
solderless type terminals to be used for connection to Busbar.
10 Taps and splices shall be properly protected with both plastic and friction
electrical taped to proper insulation and proper protection for 600 volts.
11. Wiring from ceiling outlets to lighting fixtures recessed in dropped ceilings shall
be done using type TW conductors in RS or PVC conduits.
12. Proper size of boxes shall be used for switch and outlet receptacles.
13. Necessary fittings such as bushing, locknuts and anti-short fiber bushing shall
be used at proper places so required.
14. When not shown on the Plans, conduit sizes shall correspond to the conduit
sizes as prescribed in the Philippine Electrical Code table for Size of Conduit
Pipes.
15-15 OUTLETS AND SWITCHES
1. All boxes for outlets and switches shall be PVC or galvanized iron approved
products of reputable manufacturers.
2. Enamel coating used in lieu of zinc coating shall not be permitted.
3. All ceiling outlet boxes intended for lighting outlets shall be of the 10 cm
octagonal box. Larger boxes when required shall be 5.3 cm deep.
4. Convenience and wall switch outlet boxes shall be of the 10 cm by 5.3 cm
rectangular deep flush type or 100 square cm junction box with gang raised cover
as required to accommodate the wires therein.
5. All junction boxes, pull boxes and blank boxes shall be fitted with standard flat
metal or plastic box cover.
6. All boxes including junction and pull boxes shall be of sufficient size to provide
free space all conductors enclosed in the box, in addition to the fittings such as
switch mechanism and receptacles that may be placed therein.
15-16 WALL SWITCHES AND RECEPTACLES
1. Suitable single pole, two-gang, three-gang and three-way switched of the flush
tumbler type and receptacles with proper bakelite cover plates shall be furnished
and installed as indicated in the drawings.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

98

2. Wall switches intended to control lights on the 230 volts system shall be rated 15
amp. 250 volts.
3. Convenience outlets shall be flushed duplex type rated 20 amperes 230 volts 60
HZ., AC.
15-17 GROUNDING INSTALLATION
1. The Contractor shall furnish and install all ground cables, connections ground
rods and all other materials required to provide a permanent effective grounding
system.
2. Grounding, in general, shall conform with the provisions of the National
Electrical Code and as recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
3. All enclosures for electrical equipment regardless of voltage shall be grounded,
including metal frames of switchboard, motors, generators and steel poles. Each
shall be grounded in a separate grounding system.
4. Grounding cables shall be bare, copper of suitable size and of thee approved
type. Ground rods shall be copper clad steel with diameter of 16 mm and length of
2.0 m.
5. Ground clamps shall be high compression, solderless cast design frame of high
copper allot bronze with minimum thickness of 4.7 mm and hardware made from
silicon bronze.
6. The clamps shall be of a shape and size to fit the points of application and type of
connection to be made from cable to rod, pipe and curved or flat surfaces.
Connectors shall be suitable for direct burial without danger of corrosion.
15-18 LIGHTING OUTLETS
All ceiling outlets shall be 10 cm x 5 cm octagonal boxes. Connection from fixtures
to boxes shall be accomplished by using type TW conductors on a flexible conduit.
15-19 LIGHTING FIXTURES
All lighting fixtures shall be furnished and installation by the contractor. They
shall be as shown on the drawings or specified on the schedule of lighting fixtures.
For other details as to he types and model, consult the Architect or the Engineer.
15-20 TEST AND GUARANTEE
1. The Contractor shall furnish all apparatus to be used in making tests of all wiring
system for shorts and grounds after the electrical work is completed.
2. The Contractor guarantees all work installed under the Contract to be free from
all defects for a period of one year after acceptance of the works.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

99

3. The Contractor also agree to repair and make good at his own expense any and
all defects which may develop in his work during the time if said defects aeries
due to poor workmanship.
15-21 POWER LOAD CENTER
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installation of the power load center unit
substation or low voltage switch-gear and distribution panel boards at the location
shown on the Plans complete with transformer, circuit breakers, cabinets and all
accessories, completely wired for service.
A. Material Requirements
All materials shall be brand new and shall be of the approved type. It shall
conform with the requirements of the Philippine Electrical Code and shall bear the
Philippine Standards Agency (PSA) mark.
B. Power Load Center Unit Substation
The Contractor shall furnish and install an indoor type power load center unit
substation at the location shown on the approved Plans if required. It shall be totally
metal enclosed, dead front and shall consist of the following coordinated component
parts.
High Voltage Primary incoming line section consisting of the following parts and
related accessories.
1. On air filled Interrupter Switch, 2-position (open-close) installed in a suitable air
filled metal enclosure and shall have sufficient interrupting capacity to carry the
electrical load.
It shall be provided with key interlock with the cubicle for the power fuses to
prevent access to the fuses unless the switch is open.
2. Three (3) power fuses mounted in separate compartments within the switch
housing and accessible by hinged door.
3. One set of high voltage potheads or 3-conductor cable or three single conductor
cables.
4. Lightning arresters shall be installed at the high voltage cubicle if required.
Note: Item 1 and 2 could be substituted with a power circuit breaker with the
correct rating and capacity.
C. Transformer Section
1.The Transformer section shall consist of a power transformer with ratings and
capacities as shown on the Plans.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

100

2. It shall be oil liquid filled non-flammable type and designed in accordance with
the latest applicable standards.
3. The transformer shall be provided with four (4) approximately 2.5% rated KVA
taps on the primary winding in most cases one above and 3 below rated primary
voltage to be changed by means of externally gang-operated manual tap changer
only when the transformer is de-energized. Tap changing under loads acceptable
if transformer has been so designed.
4. The following accessories shall be provided with the transformer, namely drain
valve, sampling device, filling connection, oil liquid level gauge, ground pad, top
filter press connection, lifting lugs, diagrammatic nameplate, relief valve,
thermometer and other necessary related accessories.
5. The high voltage and low voltage bushing and transition flange shall be properly
coordinated to field connection to the incoming line section and low voltage
switchboard section, respectively.
D. The Low Voltage Switchboard Section
The low voltage switchboard shall be standard modular unitized units, metal built,
dead front, safety type construction and shall consist of the following:
1. Switchboard Housing shall be heavy gauge steel sheet, dead front type gray
enamel finish complete with frame supports, steel bracings, steel sheet panel
board, removable rear plates, copper busbars, and all other necessary accessories
to insure sufficient mechanical strength and safety. It shall be provided with
grounding bolts and clamp.
2. Secondary metering sections shall consist one ammeter AC, indicating type;
one voltmeter, AC, indicating type; one ammeter transfer switch for 3-phase; one
voltmeter transfer switch for 3-phase; and current transformers of suitable rating
and capacity.
The above instruments shall be installed in one compartment above the main
breaker and shall be complete with all necessary accessories completely wired,
ready for use.
3. Main Circuit Breaker The main circuit breaker shall be draw-out type, manually
or electrically operated as required with ratings and capacity as shown on the
Plans.
The main breaker shall include insulation control switch if electrically operated,
manual trip button, magnetic tripping devices, adjustable time over current
protection and instantaneous short circuit trip and all necessary accessories to
insure safe and efficient operation.
4. Feeder Circuit Breakers- There shall be as many feeder breakers as are shown
on the single line diagram or schematic riser diagram and schedule of loads and
computations on the Plans.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

101

a. The circuit breakers shall be draw out or molded case as required. The circuit
breakers shall each have sufficient interrupting capacity and shall be manually
operated complete with trip devices and all necessary accessories to insure
safe and efficient operation.
b. The number, ratings, capacities of the feeder branch circuit breakers shall be
as shown on the approved plan.
c. Circuit breakers shall each be of the feeder branch circuit breakers shall each
be of the indicating type, providing ON and OFF and TRIP positions of
the operating handles and shall each be provided with nameplates for branch
circuit designation.
d. Circuit breaker shall be so designed that an overload or short on one pole
automatically causes all poles to open.
5. Low Voltage Switchgear (For projects requiring low voltage switchgear only).
The Contractor shall furnish and install low-voltage switchgear at the location
shown on the plans. It shall be metal-clad, dead front, free standing, safety type
construction and shall have copper busbars of sufficient size, braced to resist
allowable root mean square (RMS) symmetrical short circuit stresses, and all
necessary accessories.
The low-voltage switchgear shall consist of the switchgear housing, secondary
metering, main breaker and feeder branch circuit. Breakers and all necessary
accessories, completely wired, ready for service.
6. Grounding System- All non current carrying metallic parts like conduits,
cabinets and equipment frames shall be properly grounded in accordance with the
Philippine Electrical Code, latest edition.
7. Panel Board and Cabinets shall conform to the schedule of panel boards as
shown on the approved plan with respect to supply characteristics, rating of main
lugs or main circuit breakers.
a. Panel board shall consist of factory completed dead front assembly mounted
in an enclosing flush type cabinet consisting of code gauge galvanized sheet
steel box with trim and door.
b. Each door shall be provided with catch lock an two (2) keys.
c. Panel board shall be provided with directories and shall be printed to indicate
load by each circuit.
d. Panel board cabinets and trim shall be suitable for the type of mounting
shown on the approved plan. The inside and outside of panel board cabinets
and trims shall be factory painted with one rust proofing prime coat and two
finish shop coats of pearl gray enamel paint.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

102

e. The main and branch circuit breakers for panel boards shall have the rating,
capacity and number of poles as shown on the approval plan.
f. Breaker shall be thermal magnetic type. Multiple breakers shall be of the
common trip type having a single operating handle.
g. For 50-ampere breaker or less, it may consist of single pole breaker
permanently assembled at the factory into a multi-pole unit.
15-22 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor shall install the Power Load Center Unit Sub-station or Low
Voltage Switchgear and Panel boards at the locations shown on the approval Plan.
Standard panels and cabinets shall be used and assembled on thee job. All panels
shall be of dead front construction furnished with trims for flush or surface mounting
as required.
15-23 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
The work under this Item shall be measured either by set and pieces actually
placed and installed as shown on the Plans.

Chapter 16

PAINTING AND VARNISHING

SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing all paint, enamels, varnishes and other
products to be used including labor, tools and equipment required as shown on the
Plans and in accordance with this Specification.
16-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
a. All paint materials shall meet the requirements of the Standard Specifications of
the Standardization Committee on supplies.
b. All paint materials shall be delivered on the job-site in their original containers
with labels & seals unbroken.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

103

c. Manufacture or brand of painting materials to be used shall either be Dutch Boy,

Davies, Boysen or any equivalent approved by the designing Architect.
1. Kind of Paint

Intended use

Black paint

Wood Structure

White & Tinted

ready mix paint

Finished coat on
wood, metal and
concrete surface
For exterior use

Ready mix
and brown
oxide

red
iron

Specification
AASHTO M68

AASHTO M-70
GPSS-82-8010
097-Pol

Flat wall Paint

white & tinted

For
interior
wood
walls and ceiling

BS75-80
022-IFP

Latex base paint

flat, white and
tinted

For
interior
and
interior concrete &
masonry
surfaces
properly primed wood
and metal weathered
paint substrate

BSC 76-80
066-PLF

White
acrylic
emulsion paint

For application
exterior masonry

GPSS-83810-007

on

2. Tinting Color
Tinting colors shall be first grade pigments ground in alkyd resin, which disperse
and mix easily with paint to produce the colors desired.
3. Patching Compound
Patching colors shall be fine powder material hat can be mixed into putty
consistency with oil base primers and paints to fill minor surface and imperfections.
4. Natural Wood Paste Filler
Wood paste filler shall be quality filler ready mixed in can for filling and sealing
open grains of interior wood. It shall produce a level finish for succeeding coats of
paint, varnish or lacquer and other related products.
5. Wood Stain
Wood stain shall contain colored pigments and oil which penetrate the wood and
provide rich and lasting protective stain.
6. Varnish
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

104

Varnish shall be extremely durable clear coating. Highly resistant tower and tear
without cracking, peeling, whitening, spotting, with minimum loss of gloss for a
maximum period of time.
7. Lacquer
Lacquer shall be clear gloss, solid nitrocellulose base specially formulated for use
in the tropics. It shall exhibits fast solvent release and dries to a hard but flexible film
with high gloss effect.
8. Sanding Sealer
Sanding sealer shall be quality sealer for wood surfaces that provides a nonabsorbent base for color treatment which are applied on it. It shall exhibit good hold
out and sealing properties, fast drying and easy to smooth by sandpaper.
9. Glazing Putty
Putty shall be an alkyd-type product for filling minor surface unevenness.
10. Concrete Neutralizer
Neutralizer shall be quality surface conditioner to be diluted with water to
neutralize lime activity in new exterior and interior concrete surfaces improving paint
adhesion and durability.
11. Silicone Water Repellant
Silicone water repellant shall be transparent water shield especially formulated to
repel rain and moisture on exterior masonry surfaces.
16-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor prior to commencement of the work shall examine the surfaces to
be applied with paints, enamels, varnishes, lacquers, sanding sealers and other
related products in order not to jeopardize the quality and appearance of painting or
finishing work.
A.SURFACE PREPARATION
1. Surface Examination
No exterior paint or interior finishing shall be done under conditions which may
jeopardize the quality or appearance of the panting or finishing.
2. Preparation

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

105

a. All surface to receive paint should be cleaned and in proper condition. Wood
shall be sandpapered and dusted clean. All knot holes, pitch pockets, or sappy
portions shall be shellacked or sealed with knot-sealer.
b. Nail holes, cracks or defects shall be carefully puttied after the first coat with
putty matching color of the stain or paint.
3. Interior Woodwork
Finishes shall be sandpapered between coats. Cracks, holes or imperfection in
plaster shall be filled with patching plaster and smoothed of to match adjoining
surfaces.
4. Plaster or Masonry
a. Masonry or plaster shall be completely dried before any sealer or paint is
applied.
b. After the primer sealer coat is dried, all visible suction spots shall be toughed
up before the succeeding coats are applied.
c. Work shall not be continued until after all spots have been sealed. In the
presence of high alkali conditions, surfaces shall be washed to neutralize the
alkali.
5. Metals
a. Metal shall be clean, dry and free from mill scale, oil, grease and rust.
b. Unprimed galvanized metal shall be washed with metal etching solution and
allowed to dry before applying primer.
c. Cleaned metal shall be primed with quality epoxy metal primer paint, red
lead, or red oxide primer.
6. Concrete and Brick Surface
The surface shall be wire brushed clean. Glazed surface and those with traces
of patching compound shall be sandpapered or acid etched before applying a
primer.
7. Cleaning Methods
a) Sunblasting There are three general methods used in unblasting:
1. Conventional Dry Sandblasting The sand is not recycled. However, dust
respirators and other safety precautions shall be observed since
environment restrictions n dry blasting since environment restrictions on
dry blasting are becoming increasingly severe.
2. Vacuum Sandblasting- This method reduces health hazard, the sand is
recovered outright. It is however costlier and les efficient compared with
the dry blasting method. The vacuum method is useful inside shops and in
are where dust might damage machineries.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

106

3. Wet Sandblasting- This method reduces the hazard of dust and maybe
required by legal restrictions. The wet sand and paint residues accumulate
on ledges and other flat areas where sandblasting is not feasible.
b) Wire Brushing and Scraping- Power and hand wire brushing shall be used
on mall jobs in cleaning areas after sandblasting and on surfaces where
sandblasting is not feasible.
c) Power Tools. Power tools such as rotary wire and disc tools, rotary impact
chippers and needle sealers shall b used if sand blasting is not feasible.
d) Water Blasting. Water blasting shall be used in cleaning and removing old
paint from large masonry surfaces. It is generally used and acceptable for
health and environmental requirements.
e. Acid-etching. Use an acid solution with or without detergent to roughen a
dense glazed surface. Raise thoroughly the acid-etched surface to remove the
residual soluble reaction of calcium and magnesium chloride that affect the
adhesion and stability of latex paint in particular.
f. Paint Remover Both the conventional solvent base and the water rinse able
types of paint removers may be used to remove old paint. Most paint removers
contain was, this wax shall be removed completely before painting for it
destroy adhesion and inhibit the drying of paint.
g. Alkali Cleaning Alkali cleaners shall not be used on masonry surfaces
adjacent to aluminum, stainless steel or galvanized metal.
Surfaces which are cleaned with alkali cleaners must be thoroughly rinse and
clean with water. Residual alkali and detergents can cause grater damage to
paint if they are not removed completely.
8. Surface Conditioning
a. All surfaces shall be in proper condition to receive the paint finish. Woodwork
shall be hand-sanded smooth and dusted clean, with knotholes pitch pockets
or sappy portions sealed with natural wood filler.
b. Nail holes, cracks or defects shall be carefully puttied after the first coat
matching the color of paint.
c. Interior woodworks shall be sand-papered between coats. Cracks holes or
imperfections in plaster shall be filled with patching plaster and smoothed off
to match adjoining surfaces.
d. Concrete and masonry surfaces shall be coated with concrete neutralizer and
allowed to dry before any painting primer is applied.
e. When surface is dried, apply first coating. Hairline cracks and unevenness
shall be patched and sealed with approved putty or patching compound. After
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

107

all defects are corrected, apply the finish coats as specified on the Plan in
accordance with the approved color scheme.
f. Metals shall be clean, dry and free from mill scale and rut. Remove all grease
and oil from surfaces. Wash, unprimed galvanized metal with etching solution
and allow it to dry.
g. Metal surfaces shall be printed with red oxide, red lead or epoxy primer as
specified before final coat is applied.
In addition, the Contractor shall undertake the following:
1. Voids, cracks, and all other kinds of defects, shall be repaired with proper
patching materials and finished flush with the surrounding surfaces.
2. Marred or damaged shop coats on metal shall be spot primed with
appropriate metal primer.
3. No painting and varnishing works shall be done during rainy or damp
weather.
4. Varnish should not be applied when the temperature is too hot or cold.
Allow appropriate ventilation during application and dying period.
5. All hardware shall be protected or remove prior to painting and varnishing
operations.
9. Application
a. Paints when applied by brush hall be non-fluid, thick enough to lay down an
adequate film of wet paint. Brush marks shall flaw out after the application of
paint.
b. Paints prepared for application by roller must be similar to brushing paint. It
must be non-sticky when thinned to spraying viscosity to break up easily into
droplets.
c. Paint is atomized by high-pressure pumping rather than broken up by the
large volume of air mixed with it. This procedure change though required
properties of the paint.
10. Workmanship
a. All works shall be performed by experienced and skilled craftsmen to assure
finished work of first class quality, appearance and durability.
b. All paints, and other coatings shall be mixed and applied strictly in
accordance with the manufacturers printed instructions.
11. Mixing and Thinning
a. At the time of application, paint shall show no sign of deterioration. Paint
shall be thoroughly stirred, strained and kept at a uniform consistency during
application.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

108

b. When thinning is necessary, this may be done immediately prior to application

in accordance wit the manufacturers directions, but not in excess of 1 pint of
suitable thinner per gallons of paint.
c. Kerosene shall not be used as paint thinner. Paints of different manufacturer
shall not be mixed together.
12. Storage
a. All materials to be used under this Item shall be stored in a single place to be
designated b the Architect and such place shall be kept neat and clean at all
time.
b. Necessary precautions to avoid fire must be observed by removing oily rags,
waste, etc at the end of daily work.
13. Cleaning
a. All cloths and cotton waste which are fire hazards shall be placed in metal
container or destroyed at the end of daily works.
b. Upon completion of the work, all staging, scaffolding and paint containers
shall be removed and disposed.
c. Paint drips, oil, or stains on adjacent surfaces shall be removed and the entire
job left clean and acceptable to the supervising Architect or Engineer.

16-4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

a. The quantity to be paid shall be the total area in Square Meters of the
various concrete, wood and metal surfaces painted complete as shown on the
Plans as specified and accepted by the Architect or Engineer.
b. The accepted work shall be paid at the Unit Bid Price, which price and
payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials,
equipment, labor, tools and incidentals necessary to complete this Item.

Chapter 17
WATERPROOFING
SCOPE OF WORK
This item shall consist of furnishing all materials, labor, tools, equipment, plant
and other facilities required as shown on the Plans and undertaking the proper
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

109

application of integral and membrane waterproofing complete in accordance with this

Specification.
17-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Integral Waterproofing
Integral waterproofing compound shall be cementitious powder pre-mix
admixture or water base surface coat conforming to the standard Specifications set
by the Bureau of Product Standards, Department of Trade and Industry.
B. Membrane Waterproofing
Membrane waterproofing shall be Osmo-seal powder; Liquid Elastometric or
Epoxy Solventless waterproofing compound formulated for extra flexibility and
resiliency to give lasting waterproof effect.
Mixture shall be applied by notched trowel, squeegee, roller, paintbrush or airless
spray and shall remain tight under condition of expansion, contraction and vibration
of loads.
17-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. Concrete mixture for roof decks, balconies, toilet and bathrooms, gutters,
parapets, canopies and other areas indicated on the Plans to be integrally
waterproofed shall be blended with integral waterproofing compound.
2. Only a minimum quantity of clean water shall be used in the concrete mixture to
be sufficiently plastic and to obtain enough workability in placing concrete.
3. Concrete surface to be applied with membrane waterproofing shall have been
integrally waterproofed, thoroughly set, dry, clean and free from foreign matters.
4. Surface shall be topped and plastered with double strength integral
waterproofing compound pre-mix admixture of screed mixture: One (1) part
Portland cement, three (3) parts clean and sharp and two (2) packages integral
waterproofing compound (Ratio of 1:3:2) steel trowel led to smooth surface finish.
5. Concrete slab shall be properly graded to drain rainwater. A minimum pitch of
one percent (1%) is satisfactory to drain rainwater freely into the drain lines.
6. Drainage connection and weep-holes shall be set up to permit the free flow of
water.
7. Any expansion and contraction joints shall be cleaned, primed, fitted with a
backing rod and caulked with sealant.
8. Prepared surfaces shall be cured and kept wet by sprinkling water at regular
intervals for a period of at least three days when smooth surface finish have
actually set.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

110

9. Allow cured surfaces to dry and remove all dust, dirt, debris and oil.
10. All loose areas shall be refitted and well secured. Repair cracks, breaks and
open seams. Where required or as directed in the membrane waterproofing
product instruction manual, prepared surface shall be prime coated.
17-3 APPLICATION PROCEDURES
1. Prior to application, concrete surface shall be sound and cured without he use of
curing compound.
2. Apply a coat of neutralizer to remove oil, dirt, and other contaminants.
3. Apply a coat of concrete primer on surfaces to be installed with membrane selfsealing type when required or as directed in the product instruction manual.
4. Stir thoroughly each container of membrane waterproofing before use.
5. Apply a coat of membrane waterproofing by rush, airless spray, notched trowel,
squeegee or roller preferably 15 to 20 mils maximum thickness of each wet coat.
6. Three applications is recommended and each coat is allowed a minimum of 24
hours curing time between each coat or as recommended in the product
manufacturers instruction manual.
7. Application of membrane waterproofing coat should not commence unless the
ambient temperature is 4.44 C or higher and shall not proceed during inclement
weather condition.
8. The waterproofing compound is combustible. Extra care shall be observed by
persons having skin sensitiveness to wear protective gloves while applying.
17-4 PROTECTION OF MEMBRANE WATER PROOFING SURFACES
1. To have a bon between the membrane waterproofing and the slab, concrete
topping shall be placed as the membrane dries after 48 hours of application.
2. If a bond is nit required, the membrane shall be protected with asphalt asbestos
board or asphalt felt paper until such time as topping or placing concrete cover,
inspect the membrane for any damage and repair work as required.
3. Prior to topping or placing concrete cover, inspect the membrane for any damage
and repair work as required.
4. Exposed membrane surfaces at basement shall be covered and protected by
installing tightly butted asphalt impregnated protection boards with a minimum
thickness of 6 mm and 12 mm on all horizontal areas.
5. Use asphalt impregnated joint boards along all walls and cove areas.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

111

17-5 MEASUREMENT AN PAYMENT

1. Integral and membrane waterproofing works rendered under this Item shall be
measured in square meters for areas actually waterproofed as provided in th Bill
of Quantities and accepted to he Owner satisfaction.
2. The areas provided with integral and membrane waterproofing measured in
accordance with the preceding section shall be paid for at the Unit Bid Price
which price and payment constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials,
tools, equipment, labor and incidentals necessary to complete this item.

Chapter 18

MECHANICAL

(A) AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installation of air conditioning,
refrigeration connections, ductworks, grilles, pipes and condensate drains and all
other necessary accessories, ready for service.
19A-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
The types, sizes, capacities, quantities and power characteristics of the
compressor, evaporator, condenser chilled water pump and condenser water pump
shall be as specified or as shown on the Plans.
A. Refrigerant Pipes
1. Refrigerant pipes shall be copper tubing, type L or K or black steel pipe,
Schedule 40 for size of 10 cm diameter and smaller. Pipes over 10 cm diameter
shall be black steel pipe schedule 40.
2. Black steel pipe shall be standard seamless, lap-welded, or electric resistant
welded for size 50 mm diameter and larger, screw type for size 38 mm diameter
and smaller, fitting for copper tubing shall be cast bronze fitting designed
expressly for bracing.
B. Pipes for Cooling Water
1. Chilled and condenser cooling water pipes shall be black steel pipe Schedule 40.
2. Pipes and fittings for size 50 mm diameter and smaller shall be screwed type.
Pipes and fittings for size 62 mm diameter and larger shall be welded or flanged
type.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

112

C. Pipe Insulation
1. Pipe Insulation shall be pre-formed fiberglass or its equivalent. The insulating
material shall be covered with 10 mm x .13 mm thick polyethylene film which
shall be overlapped not less than 50 mm.
2. Pipe insulations shall be adequately protected at point of support by means of
suitable metal shield to avoid damage from compression.
3. Insulated pipes, valves and fittings located outdoors shall be provided with metal
jackets.
D. Duct Works
Duct shall be galvanized steel sheet of not less than the following gauges:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

No. 26 for 300 mm wide and smaller

No. 24 for 250 mm to 750 mm wide
No. 22 for 775 mm to 1500 mm wide
No. 20 for 1525 mm to 2250 mm wide
No. 18 for 2275 mm to 2500 mm or larger
For aluminum sheets use one gauge higher

Joints and Stiffeners of ducts using slip joints shall be as follows:

1.
2.
3.
4.

300 mm wide and smaller, without bracing

325 mm to 750 mm wide, brace with 25 mm x 25 mm x 3mm steel angles
775 mm to 1500 mm, brace with 31 x 31 x 3 mm steel angles
1525 mm up, brace with 38 x 38 x 3 mm steel angles

Stiffeners shall be located not more than 12.0 cm from each joint.
E. Duct Work Insulation
1. The application insulation materials shall be rigid board made of styropor or
equivalent 25 mm thick for ground and top floor, 13 mm thick for intermediate
floor.
2. Galvanized metal bands for ducts shall be secured and spaced 30.0 cm minimum
center-to-center distance and corners protected with galvanized metal angles.
F. Diffusers
1. The type, shape, capacity, size and location shall be as shown in the Plans.
Diffusers shall be complete with frame and gasket, equalizing deflector and
volume control as indicated or specified and shall have factory applied prime coat
of paint.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

113

2. Samples of supply and return air diffusers shall be submitted for approval before
mass fabrication and installation.
G. Dampers
1. Dampers shall be of same materials as duct, at least one gauge thicker and in an
accessible location, complete with locking device for adjusting and locking
damper in position.
2. Where necessary, splitters, butterflies and louvers damper deflecting vanes for
control of air volume and direction and for balancing the system shall be provided
whether or not hey are indicated on the Plans.

H. Fire Damper
1. Man duct shall be provided with proper fire dampers of the fusible link actuated
type.
2. Access door shall be provided in ductwork for renewal of fusible link and to reset
damper.
I. Equivalent Foundation
1. Foundation shall be provided and shall conform to the recommendation of the
manufacturer of the equipment. Equipment shall be leveled on foundation by
means of jacks or steel wedges.
2. All spaces between equipment bases and concrete foundation shall be filled with
cement mortar.
J. Electrical Works
1. Power supply shall be provided by the Contractor at the pull box installed inside
the machine room and shall furnish and install the main circuit breaker and
starter with suitable ratings and capacities, conduits, wirings, fittings, devices and
all other equipment and electrical connections needed to complete the electrical
installation of the system.
2. All electrical works shall comply with the latest edition f the Philippine Electrical
Code, with the applicable ordinance of the local government and all the rules and
requirements of the local power company.
18A-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. The air conditioning system shall be entirely automotive in operation and shall
not require the presence of an attendant except for periodic inspection for
lubrication.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

114

2. All equipment and materials shall be inspected upon delivery and shall be tested
after installation.
3. Piping shall not be buried, concealed or insulated until it has been inspected
tested and approved.
4. Walls, floors and other parts of the building and equipment damaged by
contractor in the prosecution of this mechanical wok shall be replaced and
restored to its original conditions a shown on the Plans.
A. Operating Tests
1. Refrigerating equipment shall be tested for 8 hours per day for three consecutive
days or longer when so directed, under the supervisions of manufacturers
qualified and authorized representative, who will make necessary adjustments
and instruct designed plant operating personnel for each operation and
maintenance of refrigerating equipment and controls.
2. Operating test of complete air conditioning system shall be 6 ours minimum for
each system. Tests of airflow, temperature and humidity shall be made to
demonstrate that each unit complies with the requirements of the Plans and
Specifications.
B. Guarantee and Service
All equipment, materials and workmanship shall be guarantee for a period of one
year from the date of acceptance at any time within the period of guarantee and upon
notification, the Contractor shall repair and rectify the deficiencies, including
replacement of parts or entire unit.
C. Miscellaneous
1. The Owner shall be provided with three (3) bound copies of As-Built diagrams,
shop drawings, part lists, serial number and inventory of equipment including
manufacturers operating and maintenance manuals.
2. All standard tools and equipment shall be furnished for proper and regular
maintenance actually placed and installed as shown on the Plans.
3. All work performed and measured shall be paid for the Unit Bid or Contract Price
which measured shall be paid for the Unit Bid or Contract price which payment
constitute full compensation including labor, materials, tools and incidentals
necessary to complete this item.
(B) WATER PUMPING SYSTEM
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installation of water pumping system,
inclusive of all pipings and pipe fitting connections, valves, controls electrical wirings,
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

115

tanks and all accessories ready for service in accordance with he approved Plans and
Specifications.
18B-1 MATERIAL REQUIEMENTS
A. Water Pump
The type, size, capacity, location, quantity and power characteristics shall be as
specified or shown on the Plans.
B. Overhead Tank
Overhead tank shall be provided with manhole, cover, drain pipes, distribution
pipe outlet, and overflow pipes and air vent.
Suitable float switch or electrode shall be provided in the tank to stop and start
the operation of the pump.
C. Pneumatic Tank
Tank shall be designed for twice the maximum total dynamic pressure required
and shall have the following accessories.
1. A suitable pressure switch to stop pump if pressure required is attained.
2. Air volume control device to maintain correct air volume inside the tank.
3. Pressure relief valve should be installed on top of the tank.
4. Electrode to be connected in the motor pump control to control the water level.
5. Air compressor shall be provided for tank of 3.785 liters to maintain air pressure
inside the tank.
D. Pipes and Fittings
All pipings 10 cm and larger shall be welded or flanged while smaller sizes shall
be screwed.
E. Valves
A gate valve followed by a check valve shall be placed between discharge of pump
and tank to prevent back flow of water when pump is in stop.
18B-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Exposed pipings shall be provided with concrete saddle or steel clamps or
hangers to secure them firmly to the building structures. Pipe threads shall be
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

116

lubricated by white lead, red lead, Teflon tape or other approved lubrication before
tightening.
Appropriate test shall be done to demonstrate that the system complies with the
requirements of the Plans and specifications.
18B-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
The work under this item shall be measured either by set, length and piece
actually placed as indicated on the Plans. Equivalent shall be measured by set, pipes
by length, valves and fittings by piece.
All works performed shall be paid for at the Unit Contract Price which payment
constitutes full compensation including labor, materials, and incidentals to complete
this work.
(C) AUTOMATIC WATER SPRINKLER
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing and installation of Automatic Water Sprinkler
System, inclusive of all piping and pipefitting connections, valves, controls, electrical
wiring connection and all other accessories ready for service in accordance with the
Plans and Specifications.
18C-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Fire Pump
1. The type, size, capacity and quantity and power characteristics shall be specified
or as shown on the Plans.
2. The fire pump shall be diesel engine driven and capable of delivering a minimum
of residual pressure of 103 kPa at the top-most and remotest sprinkler.
3. The pump unit shall be supplied with relief valve, gate valve, and suction gauge
and discharge pressure gauge. The diesel engine shall be designed specifically
intended for an automatic water sprinkler protection system.
4. A drop in system pressure due to the operation of one sprinkle pressure shall
triggered a series of automatic operations that will result in the instantaneous
operation of the engine to drive the fire pump with the aid o f a battery automatic
controller.
5. The required accessories are:
a. Tachnometer
b. Oil pressure gauge
c. Temperature gauge and control panel

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

117

6. A diesel fuel day tank shall be provided to supply the engine for a minimum of
two (2) hours running time.
7. The fuel storage tank shall be asphalt coated with necessary pipings and fittings
for connection.
B. Jockey Pump
Jockey pump shall be electric motor driven, 220 v. 3-phase, 60 hertz. Power
connection. The capacity to be supplied shall not be less than that indicated on the
Plans.
C. Sprinkler Head
1. Type-spray unit, pendant and upright unit
2. Flow capacity, 83 LPM per head
3. Pressure rating
4. Residual pressure- 103 kPa minimum
5. Maximum pressure- 1035 kPa
6.Temperature rating- fusing at 57.5C to 74C
7. Finish chrome-pendant-chrome or brass upright
8. Pipe thread- 13mm nominal
9. Stock of extra heads and tools required
Pendant and upright:
a) 6 pcs for 300 sprinkler
12 pcs for 300 to1000 sprinkler
24 pcs for 100 sprinkler above
b) Sprinkler tongs 2 pcs
c) Sprinkler wrech 2 pcs
D. Alarm Check Valve and Fire Alarm System
1. The alarm assembly shall be constructed and installed that any flow of water
from th sprinkler system equal to or grater than that from the single automatic
head shall result in an audible and visual signed n the vicinity of the building.
2. The alarm apparatus shall be substantially supported and so located and installed
that all parts shall be readily accessible for inspection, removal and repair.
3. The actual water flow, through the use of a test connection, shall be employed to
test the operation of the sprinkler alarm units as a whole.
4. An approved identification sigh shall be installed near the outdoor alarm device
in a conspicuous position.
E. Alarm and Supervisory System
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

118

The alarm and supervisor system of the automatic water sprinkler shall include
the monitoring of the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Water flow switch of each floor of the building.

Fire pump and jockey pump running condition and power supplies.
Level of water in the reservoir
Control valves

The water flow switches on each floor of the building shall be connected to the
fire alarm system and annunciator in such a manner at the operation of any sprinkle
system will activate the fire alarm system, with the location of the operating water
flow switch simultaneously indicated in the annunciator panel.
F. Pipes and Fittings
1. Pipes shall be Black Iron Schedule 40.
2. Screw fittings shall be used for inside piping
3. Welding and torch cutting shall not be allowed.
4. Piping shall be painted with metal primer and red enamel paint.
G. Siamese Twin
The Siamese twin shall be 64 x 64 x 102 mm, 90C female coupling national
standard thread, swivel type, with protective coupling cap and joint lug.
H. Pipe Hangers
Pipe hangers shall be steel bars 3 mm minimum thickness, with corrosion
protection.
1. Anchorage in concrete expansion shield should preferably be used in a
horizontal position in the sides of concrete beams.
2. Expansion shield in vertical position. When pipes 100 mm and larger are
supported entirely by expansion shield in the vertical position, the supports shall
be spaced not more than 3.0 meters apart.
3. For pipe running through concrete beams use sleeves at last two (2) sizes larger
than the piping.
18C-2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A. Acceptance Tests
1. System operation and maintenance chart shall be submitted to the Owner upon
completion of the Contract. This shall include the locations of control valves and
care of the new equipment.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

119

2. Marked instructions and identifications sign boards shall be made of No.14 gauge
black iron sheet with baked enamel finish paint and letter instructions are shown
on Plans.
3. Sign boards shall be mounted on the equipment or wall nearest the equipment
for easy identification and reading. Paints shall be basically gloss fire red and
white.
4. Additional signboards as any be required and not specified here with shall be
furnished at no extra cost.
B. Conduct of Tests
1. Test shall be by the Sprinkle System conducted in the presence of an inspector or
authority having jurisdiction.
2. Flushing of Underground Connections to remove foreign materials which may
have entered the piping during installation of same as required before sprinkler
piping is connected.
3. Hydraulic Test shall be conducted as follows:
a) The Pressure- All systems, including piping shall be tested hydrostatically at
not les than 1378 kPa pressure for two (2) hours, or at 345 kPa in excess of the
maximum static pressure when the maximum static pressure is in excess of
1033 kPa.
b) Operating Test- All control valves shall be fully closed and opened under
water pressure to insure proper operation. Use clean. Non-corrosive water.
c) Fire Department Connection Piping between the check valve in the fire
department inlet pipe and the outside connection shall be tested the same as
the balance of he system.
4. Tests of Drainage Facilities- Test of the drainage facilities shall be made while the
control valve is wide open. The main drain valve shall be opened and remain open
until the system pressure stabilizes.
5. Test Certificate Upon completion of work, inspection and tests made by the
Contractor and witnessed by the Owners representative. A test certificate shall
be filled out and signed by both representatives.
18C-3 MAINTENANCE SERVICE
1. The Contractor shall provide free of charge, maintenance service of the system
for a period of at least one year reckoned from the date of acceptance of the work.
2. Upon completion of the work and after all tests, the services of one or more
qualified engineers shall be provided by the Contractor for a period of not less
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

120

than 5 working days to instruct and train the representative of the Owner in the
operation and maintenance of the fire protection system.
Guarantee and Service
All equipment, materials, and workmanship shall be guaranteed for a period of
one (1) year from the date o acceptance at any time within the period of guarantee
and upon notification, the Contractor shall repair and rectify the deficiencies,
including replacement of parts or entire units.

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

121

Chapter 20
FACILITIES FOR DISABLED PERSONS
SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials, tools and appliances required as
shown on the plans and in accordance with the Implementing Rules and Regulations
of B.P. 344-Accessibility Law and this Specification.
20-1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Graphic Signs
Graphic signs like the International Symbol of Access shall be fabricated from
plastic materials, white in color with either dark blue or black background. Letters
and symbols shall be laminated and raised from the background.
B. Handrails
Handrails for ramps, path walk, walkways and the like shall be fabricated from
galvanized iron pipe, with a minimum diameter of 5 centimeters.
C. Grab Rails
Grab rails shall be manufactured from gauge 18 tubular stainless steel with
provision of safety grip finish and minimum diameter of 19 mm.
D. Door
Door along the route of disabled persons shall be designed to open easily and
operable by single effort requiring less than 4.0 kilogram of force.
E. Shower Fittings and Accessories
Shower fittings and accessories shall be fabricated from stainless steel consist of
shower head, flexible hose with dual control valve, control lever complete and ready
for service.
20-2 CONSTRUCION REQUIREMENTS
1. Graphic signs shall be bold and conspicuously installed in every access from
point of entry to connecting destination.
2. Walkways shall be provided with adequate passageway and textured handrails.
Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

122

3. Width of corridors and circulation system integrating both horizontal and vertical
access to ingress/ egress level of the building shall be provided.
4. Doors and entrances as entry points at lobbies as local points of congregation
shall be designed to open easily or accessible from floor to floor or to any point of
destination.
5. Washroom and toilets shall be accessible and provided with adequate turning
space.
6. Ramps shall be provided as means of access to level of change going to entry
point, lobbies and entrances, influenced by condition of location or use.
7. Parking lots for disabled person shall be provided with sufficient space to allow
easy transfer from car park to ingress/egress levels.
8. Handrail shall be provided at both sides of ramps.
9. Floor finish for every route of the wheelchair shall be made of non-skid material.
10 Water fountains shall be installed as indicated on the Plans and design
requirements.
20-3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. This Item shall be measured by actual architectural facilities and features
provided per set, installed as indicated on the Plans.
2. The accepted works shall be the basis for payment which will constitutes full
compensation for furnishing all materials, tools, equipment, labor and incidentals
necessary to complete this Item.
Pay Item
Number
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Description
Graphic Sign
Handrails
Grab rails
Door
Shower
fittings
accessories

Unit of

&

Measurement
/pc
/pc
/pc
/pc
/pc

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao

CE 60 Seminars/Projects
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Silliman University

123

Project Title: Designs, Plans, Specifications, Construction Schedule and Cost Estimate of the
Proposed Design of a Three-Storey Commercial Building at Corner Sta. Catalina St. and Locsin St.
Prepared By: Andres C. Abao & Richard U. Lao