ta INTRODUCTION een Mechanical Engg. De} say harachl COMPUTER AIDED Design (CAD) + Defined as the use o? computer systems to assist in the creation, modificaliat analysy, aid optimization of a desigh. + Defined as a design process using sophisticated computer graphics techniques, backed by computer software packages, to aid in the analytical, development, costing, and ergonomics problems associated with the design work. + Computer systems consist of the hardware and "software to perform the specialized design. + Typical tools: * Defines the geometry of the design ® Produces drawings and document designs @ Tolerance analysis @ Mass property calculations + Perform engineering analysis on geometric models umhan [san Professor / Meche Engnettng Dosti / NED Univesity a INTRODUCTION + CADICAM stands for Computer Aided Designing and Computer Aided Manufacturing. + CADICAM is an advance technology available in the field of Engineering used for designing and manufacturing the products with the assistance of computers and software. + This technology is directed towara: one goal; the fully automated factory of the future, > Engr. Brum Khan ne wiser neo or & Techneivyy Karachi * {rumthan / Assistant Potessor/ Necture Engineering Department / ED Uy IMPLEMENTATION OF A TYPICAL CAD Process on A CADICAM system + -:CAD software is often then Bese linked to machinery to perform = LE a task to manufacture part of ‘Geometric model ‘or a whole product; this is Seoun cron known as CAM (Computer algerie Aided Manufacture). rr tp. - - anaes pr c = AARD Ens: Brum ‘Drafing and oo ye Bae Sealy the: = NED & Tecnaonyy karachl Documentation CAO Cons pith opt mee can To CAN procs ‘eum Kan /AsstgtPofssr /Mecanal Eneoesng Departmen NED UnetyADVANTAGES OF CAD SYSTEM . COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) + Changes to a design can bé made quickly end their effects seen + Defined as the use of computer straight away. systems to plan, manage, and control + Designs can be viewed from any angle without being re-drawn. manufacturing operatic + Designs can be tested without the need to build expensive models or > Ditect or indirect computer interface prototypes. with the plant's production resources. + Drawings can be stored on disk and re-used at any time. + Numerical contzol of machine tools. + Designs can be instantly sent anywhere in the world using electronic 4 Programrning of robots. communications. + CAM involves using CNC (Computer + Designs can be used directly in computer aided manufactur Numerical Control), whereby a _Processes. . machine's movement is described in . ‘exact detail by the computer program. roman sant le /Metancalahet Dparinest/ HED ey 5 nevttany asian eles Metal ning Depart / be IMPLEMENTATION OF A TYPICAL CAM PROCESS ON.A CADICAM SYSTEM ADVANTAGES OF CAM SYSTEM- 7 - ¢ CAM allows products to be jE + Products can be mddevery-accurately and consistently. ——————~ f i —s manufactured with very little effort oe + Around the clgek production is much cheaper. + compared to more hands on. 7 + “Aproduct’s design can be modified without the need to bring techniques where humans are Process planning production to a complete standstil. controlling the machines. = 4 Waste can be kept to a minimum. NC pogarming eee Engy. Erum Khan Inspector sista Professor = tc. ng. Department verity a Enginecri« ogy Karachi Toshbnngand marieirg rua / ssn reese Mecha Egleering Deparment / NEO Unive > umn / ssn Presi / Mecha Ergin Deparment /NED Unversity . GIPN ae LARPPE TAP- COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE). « Use of computer systems to analyze CAD geometry. + Allows designer to simulate and study how the product will behave, allowing for optimization. « Finite-element method (FEM) ¢ Divides model into interconnected elements. Solves continuous field problems. Eng: Erum Khan “hepistant Professor ang. Department LD versliy of Engmneetin i aloay Kare COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM) 4 CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) allows for the connection between alll aspects of the production of a product. _ ¢ CIM can be viewed as an integrated system, e.g. 6 Adrawing of a component / product is produced using CAD. ¢ The CAD file is then processed using CAM to create a sequence ‘the machine will understand. ¢ The CAM sequence is then downloaded fo a CNC machine / machines which manufacture the component / product. CAD and CAM. ‘rum ttan Asta rose Matai EgneingOepartnent NED Urey . ‘run ken /Asitan Prefer / Mechs intr Depart HED Urey CADI/CAM ABBREVIATIONS PRODUCT LIFECYCLE IN A CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT TAD [ComputerAided [ONC [Direc Numerical [ERP | Enterprise Resource Designing--—-——-—-| Control “~- ~| Planning CAM | Computer Aided | EDM Electric Discharge | SDLC | Sysiems Development Manufacturing Machining Life Cycle CAE [Computer Aided — [CMIA | Coordinate RE | Reverse Engineering Engineering Messuring Machine Give [Computer integrated |FEA [Finite Element [IT | Justintime Manufacturing Analysis TAPP [Computer Aided FNS | Flexible BoM | Bilofateras | Process Planring Manufacturing i = ‘System £ Seheauing ane CE | Concurrent Pom [Product bata TiRP | Material Requirements { Sondecurng Engineering Management Planning | cporatons NG [Numerical Contrel [PLM [Product Lifecycle [MRP | Manutacturing Management Resource Planning ENC [Computer Numarical [SCM | Supply Chain IDEAS | Integrated Design Control Management Engineering and | Analysis Softwere | ‘um Ehan/arnant Prfeaar/ MeconcelEncring Department ED Uersty * eu an stn rteseeTichanza Eee Bape TED TinyPRopuct LIFECYCLE IN A CAD/CAM ENVIRONMENT i sgn emo “Soca Syathesis The CAD Process aH tiem ‘The Manufacturing Process | tear FF The GAM Process oo Ge) ee | et seems ee] | some wna Tan Tn aa rls eda ang epee RD ey 2 THE DESIGN PROCESS = + The process is repeated until the design has been optiraized within the constraints. + Evaluation is concemed with measuring the design against the specifications established in the, problem definition phase. This evaluation requires the fabrication and testing of a prototype model to assess operating performance, quality, reliability and other criteria. + Presentation includes documentation of the design by means of detailed engineering drawings, material specifications, assembly lists and so on. + Mechanical design includes the drawing of the complete product as well as its components and subassemblies, the tools and fixtures required to manufacture the product. trumhay / sian rotescor/ Mecaicl agoesng Department / NCD Unveriy 6 erum Khan Eng. [eesogonctned s th Definition of protlem He = res Geometric modeling |x} Synthesis BES = = “gh el ee ~ * = Consult Designroview and yp} valuation voowe and (ae) . {pacman Prsen THE DESIGN PROCESS FZ @ Recognition of need involves the realization that Recognition of problem exists for which some corrective need, action should be taken. = © Definition of the problem involves a thorough Petco ig This se speciation includes physical and functional cmnee KE characteristics, cost, quality and operating performance. ¥ fo Synthesis and analysis are closely related and wees and highly iterative in the design process. A certain = . component or subsystem of the overall system is BA io conceptualized by the designer, subjected to ‘valuation analysis, improved through this analysis + procedure, and redesign. Presentati eee ea ee. crete erinent/NeD Unie ” Nes OEP ‘THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN PROCESS rum / stant PTET MEST ETB DETER T RED OT 6THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN PROCESS The various design related tasks which are performed by ¢ modern GAD system can be grouped into four functional areas: + Geometric modeling: is concerned with the computer compatible mathematical description of the geomet + Engineering analysis: analysis may involve stress-strain calculation, heat transfer computation, or the use of diferential equations fo deserioe the “ynamic behavior of the system being design. ‘¢ Design review and evaluation: jeans checking the accuracy of the design, interface checking for assembled structured and kinematics analysis, etc. ‘+ Automated drafting: involves the creation of hard-copy engineering drawings directly from the CAD data suit Groover and Zimmers for details. run than/ isan Profesor Macrae Eninsting Departmen / NED Urversty y * ADVANTAGES OF CAD/CAM SYSTEMS + Greater flexibility a 4 Reduced lead times 4 Reduced inventories *7 Increased Productivity L Improved customer service + Improved quality 4 Improved communications with suppliers 4 Better product design © Greater manufacturing control 4 Supported integration 4 Reduced costs 7 Increased utilization v ¢ Reduction of machine tools + Less floor space erum Khar NED eam han / Assan Prete / Meehan ngineerre Gepriest/ NED Univesity ws WiRE FRAME TYPES ‘¢ 2D: two dimensional representation is used for a flat object + 2% D: this goes beyond the 2D capability by permiting a three dimensional object to be represented as long as it has no + 3D: this allows for full three dimensional modeling of a more complex geometry. tm ian Assan Pofeeor/ Mechanic Engineering Deparment / NED Unieeity © 1 DISADVANTAGES OF CADICAM _-+y-Tan be very expense to set up. A single industrial robot can T cost millions. _* it-can take a long time to train people to use more compicn equipment. “+ Little need for poorly qualified workers. _/+ Fewer people are needed, and this can result in higher unemployment MEG ® outa Anitantelesior/ Meal neg Deprnet/ WED UY xgoad 249 yo wontuyac.“wostedsofes» Kg Augmunddo Bunsarea yonpan NYY 18 aitaosnd a uo seourBus ue Aq usp aypeus mato BU! 29} aloe J0 LORE z Spt auy 94 SHU, "UOE aq nous woRDE=AHpaLI BHDS OHS 20} SHES ome tujgoud w rey suooulos Ka uoHUzyeor. stn SonjoAuy POR 30 UORERO 5289 ! 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This specific includes physical and funetional characteristics, cost, quality, and operating per= thesized into the final overall systern in a similar iterative manner. ‘Evaluation is concemed wth measuring the design against the spec! established in the problem definition phase.~ This eval fabrication and testing of a prototype-maodel to assess operating performance ‘and other criteria. The final: phase in;the design process Fhe design. This inchudes documentation ofthe design by basic steps in the design process, indicating its iterative nature Engineering dgsign has traditionally been acc with the design being documented in the form of @ Mechanical design includes the drawing of the complete product 5 well as its vr FIGUAE 4.2. The genoral design proc- ‘ts as datined by Shigiey [1-suoouny GYD snoy 2649 J0 yoR> a1o\hy9 suoH os a, -utisop dip jo (9 aseyd) son eussard iy pou nied -eqquindo pu sishyeéue 1pu Burfeap p:oseyd jodsaus0'siséfour Susu fepshgd si yon aid vase euoHouny sno OT padnosd 9q UeD Las UBISIP epre-vonduioo wopous © £q patuoyod are ypu se porelar-ubsep enoUmA. 2A . o. npisaa 804 ‘SUALNdHOD 4O NOLLVOMIddv SHL Cy mae jo bouemdand MH paulzou0 |. sumoesruwut 01 parinbat Seanrets PHB.S]QO 219 ubjs0q papry-saindwwosy Lo es.a Fundamentals of CAD 59 \ - apes : “The deign proces son [Repaien a] ca | | i { I | ippt a) pun "ued Jo S080 e yecyon eas BUND! -rigedeo aip uo Supuadiap ‘sodA comp “suas “py Bang UF UMOYS se +5 . {8100 wore) dung j6 Ksaunog) ‘wed & 0 Bun suieionn yo UX ry SUNBIS ubjseq pepiy-seindioo, 08Fundamentals of CAD 6t 46. Solid model ol yoko part yyed_on a computer graphics (Courtesy of Computenision siethod of geometric mode lustrated in Figure 4.6, construct the objest. ‘host of other purposes. The benefits ‘of color graphics at specific programs be developed fo solve_a particular design problem. 10 fe general-purpose progrenss can be wed ‘Turnkey CADICAM systems often include or cun be interfaced ing analysis sofiware which ean be called to operate on the current de | | Esan serguaooe Ot poem 29 ope to sone Soo Lp ami w pawn “algo pssasun oi asko pasodurtodns odes porvoyop jo wos soysuaq ou “wrays48 up ty sapou a4) Jo HOLKRtDg Bu Ag “@pou yea Jo Jorzyoq ap Bunefnope> Aq sons Butaq welqo pyos.x Jo sapdosd aig Wisisks CTY # Jo ama) sySKeUR brag pepiy-soyscutogFundamentals of CAD before and after deflection of the object ‘behavior ofthe design which is undesirable, zecompute the finite-element analysis for the revised design. c Design review and evaluation 1 Checking the accuracy of the design can be accomplished c i |. oning. and toleranci good application of layering shape of the machined part on top.of the that sufficient material is available on the casting to accomplish the final machined , ‘dimensions. This procedure can be performed in stages to check each successive step in the processing of the part. "Another relied procedure for design review involves the analysis of an assembled structure in which there is components of the assembly may occupy the same space. ‘This rs design of large chemical plants, air-separation cold boxes, and other complicated piping structures. helps to ensure against ingeffeérence ‘Kinematics on a CAD system, designers Systems}, developed at ity of Michigan: This type of program ‘very uscful to the designer in constructing the required mechanism to accompiish a specified motion and/or force, Automated drafting investing in the CAD system. Indeed, CAD systems can increase product the drafting function by roughly fve times over manual drafting. 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