MRCP revision: commonly tested facts

Study online at quizlet.com/_7zwdo

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
9.

1mg prednisolone = ? hydrocortisone:4mg hydrocortisone

25.

Absence seizures prognosis:good: 90-95% become seizure free

in adolescence
Absolute risk reduction =:= (Control event rate) (Experimental event rate)

26.

Acne rosacea treatment: -:mild/moderate: topical

metronidazole - severe/resistant: oral tetracycline

27.

Acromegaly diagnosis?:oral glucose tolerance with growth

hormone measurements

28.

Actions of BNP:- vasodilator - diuretic and natriuretic suppresses both sympathetic tone and the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system

29.
30.

Activated protein C resistance =:Factor V Leiden, the most

common inherited thrombophilia
Acute myeloid leukaemia - good prognosis:(15;17)

31.

Acute myeloid leukaemia - poor prognosis:deletion of

chromosome 5 or 7

32.

10.
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Acute promyelocytic leukaemia translocation:- t(15;17)

Addison's disease:short synacthen test is the best test to
diagnose

33.

Adenosine interactions:dipyridamole enhances effect aminophylline reduces effect

34.

ADPKD type 1 chromosome:chromosome 16 = 85% of cases

35.

Adrenal cortex - what part releases what?:Mnemonic GFR ACD

1) Glomerulosa (outer): Aldosterone
2) Fasciculata (middle): Cortisol
3) Reticularis (on inside): DHEA and androgens

36.

37.

Adrenaline induced ischaemia treatment:- phentolamine

Adult Life Support (ALS) adrenaline doses -:anaphylaxis:
0.5ml 1:1,000 IM - cardiac arrest: 10ml 1:10,000 IV or 1ml of
1:1000 IV

38.

AF treatment: young man, no TIA or risk factors,:no

treatment is now preferred to aspirin

39.

Alcohol withdrawal time to symptoms/signs:symptoms: 612 hours - seizures: 36 hours - delirium tremens: 72 hours

40.

Allopurinol MoA:inhibits xanthine oxidase

41.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency inheritance:autosomal

recessive / co-dominant

42.

Alport's syndrome inheritance:X-linked dominant (in the

majority)

43.

22.

Amiodarone MoA:Blocks potassium channels

44.

23.

Animal bite treatment:co-amoxiclav

21.

24.

Ankylosing spondylitis: CFs:Features - the 'A's

Apical fibrosis (CXR)
Anterior uveitis
Aortic regurgitation
Achilles tendonitis
AV node block
Amyloidosis
And cauda equina syndrome

45.

46.

47.

Anorexia features -:most things low - G's and C's raised: growth
hormone, glucose, salivary glands, cortisol, cholesterol,
carotinaemia
Antiphospholipid syndrome: APPT, PLTs:Paradoxically
prolonged APTT + low platelets
Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy
treatment:aspirin + LMWH
Antiphospholipid syndrome: key triad of
features:arterial/venous thrombosis, miscarriage, livedo
reticularis
Antipsychotics in the elderly -> risk of?:stroke and VTE
Antithrombotic therapy in bioprosthetic vs mechanical
heart valves:- bioprosthetic: aspirin - mechanical: warfarin +
aspirin
Aortic dissection - Type A:type A - ascending aorta - control
BP(IV labetalol) + surgery
Aortic dissection - Type B:type B - descending aorta - control
BP(IV labetalol), no surgery
Aortic stenosis management::AVR if symptomatic, otherwise
cut-off is gradient of 50 mmHg
Aortic stenosis - most common cause <65 yrs::bicuspid aortic
valve
Aortic stenosis - most common cause >65 yrs::calcification
Associations between hypermetropia/myopia and
glaucoma?:Acute angle closure glaucoma is associated with
hypermetropia, where as primary open-angle glaucoma is
associated with myopia
Associations in mesangiocapillary / membranoproliferative
GN. Type 1 vs Type 2:type 1: cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C type 2: partial lipodystrophy
Asthma diagnosis - first line investigation in high
probability?:Start treatment
Asthma diagnosis - first line investigation in intermediate
probability?:Spirometry
Asymmetrical symptoms in PD suggest what
cause?:Idiopathic Parkinson's
ATN or prerenal uraemia?:In prerenal uraemia think of the
kidneys holding on to sodium to preserve volume
Atrial fibrillation - cardioversion rx::amiodarone + flecainide
Atrial fibrillation: rate control rx -:beta blockers (preferable
to digoxin)
Atrial natriuretic peptide - effect on vessels?:Atrial natriuretic
peptide - powerful vasodilator
Autosomal dominant conditions tend to be ?? - with what
exceptions?:Structural. Exceptions = hyperlipidaemia type II,
hypokalaemic periodic paralysis
Autosomal recessive conditions tend to be ?? with what
exceptions?:Metabolic. Exception = inherited ataxias
Bartter's syndrome ?:AR inherited cause of hypokalaemia
associated with normotension

48.

Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of which

neurotransmitter?:GABA, the main inhibitory
neurotransmitter

76.
77.

49.

Beta-blocker overdose management::atropine + glucagon

78.

50.

Bisphosphonates MoA:inhibit osteoclasts

79.

51.

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70.

Bosentan - MoA, uses?:endothelin-1 receptor antagonist used

if negative response to acute vasodilator testing in pulmonary
hypertension
Bronchiectasis: most common organism?:Haemophilus
influenzae

81.

BTS COPD: breathless despite PRN inhalers, and FEV1 <

50%:LABA + ICS or LAMA

82.

BTS COPD: breathless despite PRN inhalers, and FEV1 >

50%::LABA or LAMA
Bullous pemphigoid key features?:Subepidermal,
hemidesmosomal BP antigens, rarely involves mucosa, tense
pruritic blisters, older people

84.

85.

Burning thigh pain - ?nerve compression:? meralgia

paraesthetica - lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh compression

86.

Calculating breakthrough morphine dose?:1/6th of daily

morphine dose

87.

Causes of gingival hyperplasia?:phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium

channel blockers and AML
Causes of raised prolactin?:pregnancy - prolactinoma physiological - polycystic ovarian syndrome - primary
hypothyroidism - phenothiazines, metoclopramide,
domperidone
Causes of raised transfer factor?:asthma, haemorrhage, leftto-right shunts, polycythaemia
Cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss & ipsilateral
Horner's =:Lateral medullary syndrome - PICA lesion Cetuximab - MoA?:monoclonal antibody against the epidermal
growth factor receptor
Change to steroid dose in people on long term tx if
intercurrent illness?:Double doses
Chemo agent associated with hypomagnesaemia?:Cisplatin
Chickenpox exposure in pregnancy - first step?:check
antibodies
Chlamydia - treatment:treat with azithromycin or doxycycline
Choosing prosthetic heart valves:mechanical valves last
longer and tend to be given to younger patients
Ciclosporin + tacrolimus - MOA::inhibit calcineurin thus
decreasing IL-2
Ciclosporin side-effects:everything is increased - fluid, BP, K+,
hair, gums, glucose
CLL - investigation of choice?:immunophenotyping

72.

CLL - treatment?:chlorambucil

73.

Clopidogrel MoA::inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptors

75.

83.

Burkitt's lymphoma - gene translocation?:c-myc

71.

74.

80.

Clotting factors affected by warfarin?:Mnemonic = 1972

(Simon) - 10, 9, 7 and 2.
Cluster headache - acute treatment:subcutaneous
sumatriptan + 100% O2

88.

Collapse + ARF =:--> rhabdomyolysis - treat with IV fluids

Collapsing pulse - which congenital heart defect?:Patent
ductus arteriosus Colorectal cancer screening - PPV of FOB:= 5 - 15%
Combined B- and T-cell disorders:SCID WAS ataxic (SCID,
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxic telangiectasia)
Common antibiotic causes of cholestasis:Flucloxacillin + coamoxiclav
Common cause of tumour lysis syndrome?:Burkitt's
lymphoma
Common topical steroids and their potency?:moderate:
Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% - potent: Betamethasone valerate
0.1% - very potent: Clobetasol propionate 0.05%
Complete heart block following a MI?:- right coronary artery
lesion
Complete heart block following an ANterior MI - ?pacing:is
AN indication for pacing, unlike with an inferior MI
Complete heart block following an INferior MI - ?pacing:Is
Not an indication for pacing, unlike with an anterior MI
Congenital heart disease - acyanotic - most common
cause::acyanotic: VSD most common cause
Congenital heart disease - cyanotic - most common
cause::TGA most common at birth, Fallot's most common overall
Contraindications to lung cancer surgery:SVC obstruction,
FEV < 1.5, MALIGNANT pleural effusion, and vocal cord paralysis

89.

COPD - when to start LTOT?:2 measurements of pO2 < 7.3 kPa

90.

Cryptosporidium diarrhoea Rx:Supportive therapy

91.

92.
93.

94.

95.
96.

97.

CT head showing temporal lobe changes - think

what?:herpes simplex encephalitis
CT most commonly associated with PBC:Sjogren's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome - best test to diagnose?:overnight
dexamethasone suppression test
Cyclophosphamide SE::haemorrhagic cystitis - prevent with
mesna
Dermatophyte nail infections Rx:- use oral terbinafine
Detecting occupational asthma?:Serial peak flow
measurements at work and at home
Diabetes diagnosis::fasting > 7.0, random > 11.1 - if
asymptomatic need two readings
HbA1c of 6.5% or greater is now diagnostic (WHO 2011)

98.

Diagnosing insulinoma?:supervised prolonged fasting

99.

Diagnosing systemic mastocytosis?:Urinary histamine

DiGeorge syndrome = affects what type of cell?:- a T-cell
disorder

100.

101.

Digoxin - MoA:inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

102.

Dipyridamole - MoA:inhibits phosphodiesterase

Disproportionate microcytic anaemia - think?:think betathalassaemia trait

103.

104.

Diuretic cause of hypercalcaemia?:Thiazides

Drug metabolism - phase I components?:oxidation,

reduction, hydrolysis

105.

106.

Drug metabolism - phase II components?:conjugation

Drugs with zero-order (saturation) kinetics -:phenytoin alcohol

107.

135.

Genital ulcers - painless::syphilis > lymphogranuloma

venereum + granuloma inguinale

136.

108.

DVLA advice following angioplasty -:cannot drive for 1 week

137.

109.

DVLA advice post CVA::cannot drive for 1 month

138.

110.

DVLA advice post MI -:cannot drive for 4 weeks

111.

DVLA advice post multiple TIAs::cannot drive for 3 months

112.

DVLA restriction post-seizure:6 months

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with which

malignancy?:thyroid lymphoma

139.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis key features?:hypothyroidism +

goitre + anti-TPO

140.

Dystrophia myotonica - DM1 CFs:DM1 - distal weakness

initially - autosomal dominant - diabetes - dysarthria

141.

EBV: associated malignancies?:Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

142.

EBV-associated malignancies:Burkitt's lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
HIV-associated central nervous system lymphomas
Hairy leukoplakia (non malignant).

143.

114.

115.

116.

117.

Eclampsia - first-line treatment:magnesium sulphate

HbA1C - when to recheck after change in therapy?:recheck

after 2-3 months
Head injury followed by lucid interval?:Epidural
haematoma
Hemiballism (involuntary, sudden, jerking movements) =
caused by?:damage to the subthalamic nucleus
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia inheritance:autosomal dominant

144.

HOCM - poor prognostic factor on echo =:septal wall

thickness of > 3cm

145.

Hodgkin's lymphoma - best prognosis =:lymphocyte

predominant

Epilepsy medication: first-line - generalised seizure::sodium

valproate -

146.

Epilepsy medication: first-line - partial

seizure::carbamazepine

147.

Episodic eye pain, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness occurring

daily - ?diagnosis:cluster headache

148.

Erythema nodosum is associated with a good prognosis in

what systemic condition?:sarcoidosis

149.

118.

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122.

ESR in polycythaemia rubra vera:low

Essential tremor: inheritance, aggravants /

relievants:Inheritance: AD
Aggravants: Arms outstretched
Relievants: Alcohol, propanolol

123.

Ethylene glycol toxicity management -:fomepizole. Also

ethanol / haemodialysis

124.

125.

Exenatide MoA:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic

Factor V Leiden mutation results in?:activated protein C

resistance

126.

127.

Farmers lung pathogen:Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

Finasteride MoA:5 alpha-reductase inhibitor - inhibits

conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

128.

Hodgkin's lymphoma - most common type =:nodular

sclerosing
Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis absent =:post-ganglionic
lesion: carotid artery
Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis of head, arm, trunk
=:central lesion: stroke, syringomyelia
Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis of just face =:pre-ganglionic
lesion: Pancoast's, cervical rib

150.

How names of ART drugs relate to function:HIV drugs, rule

of thumb:
NRTIs end in 'ine'
Pis: end in 'vir'
NNRTIs: nevirapine, efavirenz

151.

HRT: adding a progestogen increases the risk of?:breast

cancer

152.

HRT: unopposed oestrogen increases risk of?:endometrial

cancer

153.

Hypercholesterolaemia rather than

hypertriglyceridaemia::nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis,
hypothyroidism

154.

Finasteride treatment of BPH may take how long before

results are seen?:6 months

155.

First line investigation for PE according to current BTS

guidelines?:CTPA

156.

129.

130.

Flash pulmonary oedema, U&Es worse on ACE inhibitor,

asymmetrical kidneys: ?diagnosis:--> renal artery stenosis do MR angiography

131.

Hypertension - step 4 rx?:K+ < 4.5 then spironolactone - K+ >

4.5 then higher-dose thiazide-like diuretic
hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis - endocrine
condition?:Cushing's syndrome

157.

IgM paraproteinaemia -:?Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia

158.

Imatinib - MoA:= tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in CML

Impetigo - rx:topical fusidic acid --> oral flucloxacillin / topical

retapamulin

Fluctuating confusion/consciousness?:- subdural

haematoma

159.

Flushing, diarrhoea, bronchospasm, tricuspid stenosis,

pellagra - diagnosis?:--> carcinoid with liver mets

160.

132.

133.

134.

Gallop rhythm (S3) is an early sign of?:LVF

Glitazones: MoA:agonists of PPAR-gamma receptors

Goodpasture's syndrome - histology?:- IgG deposits on renal

biopsy - anti-GBM antibodies

Dysphagia affecting both solids and liquids from the start think?:achalasia

113.

Genital ulcers - painful::herpes >> chancroid

An important and common interaction with

statins?:Statins + erythromycin/clarithromycin - an important
and common interaction

Infective endocarditis - good prognosis:streptococcal

infection

161.

Infective endocarditis - strongest risk factor:previous

episode of infective endocarditis

162.

163.

Inferior MI -:right coronary artery lesion

Interpreting the ACR results:in non-diabetics an ACR greater

than 30 mg/mmol is considered clinically significant proteinuria
in diabetics microalbuminuria (ACR greater than 2.5 mg/mmol
in men and ACR greater than 3.5 mg/mmol in women) is
considered clinically significant

164.

165.

Investigation for Carcinoid:Diagnosis: urinary 5-HIAA

investigation of choice for upper airway compression:Flow

volume loop

166.

Isoniazid SEs::inhibits the P450 system, causes peripheral

neuropathy

167.

Isoretinoin adverse effects?:teratogenicity - females MUST be

taking contraception
low mood
dry eyes and lips
raised triglycerides
hair thinning
nose bleeds

168.

169.

ITP - rx:give oral prednisolone

JVP: C wave - physiological correlate:closure of the tricuspid

valve

170.

171.

JVP: giant v waves:tricuspid regurgitation

Kearns-Sayre syndrome -:mitochondrial inheritance - onset <

20-years-old - external ophthalmoplegia - retinitis pigmentosa

172.

Keloid scars - more common in who and what body

part?:young, black, male adults on the sternum

173.

174.

Key contraindication to buproprion?:epilepsy

Key treatments in migraine - acute vs prophylactic:acute: 5HT1 agonist - prophylaxis: beta-blocker

175.

Low levels of which type of complement are associated

with SLE?:C3, C4a and C4b

185.

macrophages containing Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

granules:Whipple's disease jejunal biopsy

186.

Magnesium sulphate -monitoring:monitor reflexes +

respiratory rate

187.

188.

Main indication for HRT?:control of vasomotor symptoms

189.

malt workers' lung - pathogen:Aspergillus clavatus

Melanoma: single most important prognostic factor:the

invasion depth of the tumour

190.

Miller Fisher syndrome - CFs?:areflexia, ataxia,

ophthalmoplegia

191.

Most common cardiac defect in Turner's

syndrome?:Bicuspid aortic valve

192.

193.

Most common cause of endocarditis:Streptococcus viridans

Most common cause of endocarditis if < 2 months post

valve surgery:Staphylococcus epidermidis

194.

195.

Most common cause of occupational asthma?:Isocyanates

Most common cause of primary

hyperaldosteronism:Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia is
the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

196.

most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the

young:HOCM

197.

Most common lung cancer type in non-smokers?:Lung

adenocarcinoma - peripheral lesion

198.

Most common presenting symptom in

myelofibrosis?:lethargy

199.

Most common psychiatric problem in Parkinson's

disease?:depression

200.

201.

Motor neuron disease - treatment::NIV is better than riluzole

Mucocutaneous ulceration following travel - key

differential?:Leishmania brasiliensis

202.

Legionella pneumophilia:is best diagnosed by the urinary

antigen test

203.

Mycoplasma diagnosis:Serology

204.

Nicotinic acid MoA:increases HDL levels

Lichen - planus::purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on

flexor surfaces. Wickham's striae over surface. Oral involvement
common

205.

176.

177.

Lichen sclerosus::itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva

of elderly women

178.

179.

Liddle's syndrome::hypokalaemia + hypertension

Live attenuated vaccines -:BCG - MMR - oral polio - yellow

fever - oral typhoid

180.

Localising bitemporal hemianopia - upper quadrant defect

> lower quadrant defect.:= inferior chiasmal compression,
commonly a pituitary tumour

181.

Localising bitemporal hemianopia - upper quadrant defect

> lower quadrant defect.:= superior chiasmal compression,
commonly a craniopharyngioma

182.

183.

Loss of corneal reflex - key differential?:acoustic neuroma

Low CSF glucose but viral aetiology in meningitis?:Mumps

meningitis is associated with a low glucose in up to a third of
patients

184.

Nitric oxide - key effects:Vasodilation - mainly venodilation

Inhibits platelet aggregation
NSTEMI/unstable angina Rx. 6 month mortality risk >1.5%
vs 6m risk >3%:if > 1.5% clopidogrel for 12 months - if > 3%
angiography within 96 hours

206.

Obese T2DM with abnormal LFTs - think of what

disease?:non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

207.

Obesity - NICE bariatric referral cut offs:NICE bariatric

referral cut-offs
with risk factors (T2DM, BP etc): > 35 kg/m^2
no risk factors: > 40 kg/m^2

208.

Oxygen dissociation curve - shifts Left?:Lower oxygen

delivery - Lower acidity, temp, 2-3 DPG - also HbF,
carboxy/methaemoglobin -

209.

Oxygen dissociation curve - shifts Right?:Raised oxygen

delivery - Raised acidity, temp, 2-3 DPG

210.

Painful third nerve palsy - key differential?:posterior

communicating artery aneurysm

211.

Paraneoplastic features of lung cancer - squamous cell vs

small cell?:squamous cell: PTHrp, clubbing, HPOA - small cell:
ADH, ACTH, Lambert-Eaton syndrome

212.

Patients with Sjogren's syndrome have an increased risk of

which malignancy?:lymphoid malignancies

213.

PCI - biggest RF for stent thrombosis?:withdrawal of

antiplatelets

214.

Pemphigus vulgaris key features?:Epidermal, desmoglein 3,

involves mucosa, flaccid non-pruritic blisters, younger people

215.

PHaeochromocytoma -:give PHenoxybenzamine before

beta-blockers

216.

217.

Philadelphia translocation?:t(9;22)

242.

Rx Minimal change glomerulonephritis?:prednisolone

243.

Safest TCA in overdosage?:Lofepramine

Sarcoidosis CXR stages:1 = BHL - 2 = BHL + infiltrates - 3 =

infiltrates - 4 = fibrosis

244.

Sarcoidosis prognosis?:Majority of patients get better without

treatment

245.

246.

Screening for haemochromatosis -:general population:

transferrin saturation > ferritin - family members: HFE genetic
testing
Second heart sound (S2) - loud, soft, fixed split, reversed
split?:loud: hypertension - soft: AS - fixed split: ASD - reversed
split: LBBB

248.

Philadelphia translocation and prognosis?:good prognosis

in CML, poor prognosis in AML + ALL

249.

Pneumonia following influenza - pathogen?:Staphylococcus

aureus pneumonia

250.

218.

219.

220.

Pneumonia in an alcoholic - pathogen?:Klebsiella

221.

Polycythaemia rubra vera - genetic cause?:JAK2 mutation

Polycythaemia rubra vera progression?:around 5-15%

progress to myelofibrosis or AML

222.

Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy - CFs?:Last trimester,

may see vesicles, but no blistering

223.

Porphyria cutanea tarda - CFs?:blistering photosensitive rash

- hypertrichosis - hyperpigmentation

224.

225.

Post-natal depression incidence?:10% of women

Primary biliary cirrhosis - the M rule mnemonic?:IgM - antiMitochondrial antibodies, M2 subtype - Middle aged females

226.

Progressive supranuclear palsy CFs?:parkinsonism,

impairment of vertical gaze

227.

Prolactinoma management -medical or surgical?:medical

therapy is almost always first-line

228.

229.

PTH level in primary hyperparathyroidism:may be normal

Ptosis + dilated pupil vs Ptosis + constricted pupil:Ptosis +

dilated pupil = 3rd nerve palsy; Ptosis + constricted pupil =
Horner's

230.

231.

Pulsus alternans?:seen in left ventricular failure

Reason for ^sweating in acromegaly:sweat gland

hypertrophy

232.

Renal stones on x-ray:cystine stones: semi-opaque

urate + xanthine stones: radio-lucent

233.

234.

Renal tubular acidosis - anion gap?:normal anion gap

Restless leg syndrome - management:dopamine agonists

such as ropinirole

235.

Schistosoma haematobium:causes haematuria

247.

Septic arthritis - most common organism?:Staphylococcus

aureus
Signet ring cells =:Gastric adenocarcinoma

Signs suggesting TTP rather than HUS?:Neuro signs and

purpura point towards TTP

251.

Somatisation vs hypochondria:Somatisation = patient

concerned about Symptoms. Hypochondria = patient
concerned about underlying disease eg Cancer.

252.

253.

SSRI + NSAID interaction?:GI bleeding risk - give a PPI

SSRI with high incidence of discontinuation

symptoms?:Paroxetine

254.

Statins - MoA?:inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting

enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis

255.

256.

Statistical power =:1 - the probability of a type II error

Streptococcus bovis endocarditis:is associated with

colorectal cancer

257.

258.

Streptococcus pneumoniae:is associated with cold sores

259.

Stroke thrombolysis time limit?:3 hours

Superiority vs equivalence vs non-inferiority. What sample

sizes?:Superiority trial --> large sample size needed.

260.

Symptom control in non-CF bronchiectasis?:inspiratory

muscle training + postural drainage

261.

Syringomyelia - CFs?:spinothalamic sensory loss (pain and

temperature)

262.

%tage of people with Hep C developing cirrhosis?:Liver

cirrhosis will develop in around 20-30% of patients over 20-30
years

263.

Taxanes (e.g. Docetaxel) MoA?:prevent microtubule

disassembly

264.

265.

Tear-drop poikilocytes ?:= myelofibrosis

236.

Rheumatoid arthritis - HLA association?:DR4

266.

Terlipressin - MoA?:= constriction of the splanchnic vessels

237.

Rises first following MI?:Myoglobin

267.

TNF-#alpha# inhibitors:may reactivate TB

Rx for Hypertension in diabetics -:ACE-inhibitors are firstline regardless of age

238.

Rx for Mycoplasma pneumonia:Macrolides. If allergic

=doxycycline

239.

240.

Rx Infertility in PCOS -:clomifene is superior to metformin

Rx metastatic bone pain:NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or

radiotherapy

241.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) -:monoclonal antibody that acts on

the HER2/neu receptor

268.

269.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) - important SE?:cardiotoxicity

270.

Tricyclic overdose - rx:give IV bicarbonate

271.

Trigeminal neuralgia - first-line Rx?:carbamazepine

272.

TTP first-line Rx?:Plasma exchange

273.

Type of bladder cancer association with schistosomiasis:SchistoSomiaSiS is a risk factor for SquamouS cell bladder cancer

274.

Types of cells seen in CLL?:CLL is caused by a monoclonal proliferation of B-cell lymphocytes

275.

Urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia. Diagnosis?:normal pressure hydrocephalus

276.

Urticaria - common drug cause?:Aspirin

277.

URTI symptoms + amoxicillin --> rash:?glandular fever

278.

U waves on ECG:Hypokalaemia -

279.

Variables used to calculate eGFR?:CAGE - Creatinine, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

280.

Ventricular tachycardia - which antiarrhythmic is contraindicated?:verapamil

281.

Viagra contraindications:contraindicated by nitrates and nicorandil

282.

Vigabatrin - important SE?:V for Vigabatrin - V for Visual field defects

283.

Vincristine - important SE?:peripheral neuropathy

Visual changes secondary to drugs - blue vision? Yellow-green vision?:blue vision: Viagra ('the blue pill') - yellow-green vision:
digoxin

284.

285.

What drugs are now preferred to thiazides in the treatment of hypertension?:Calcium channel blockers

286.

What is rheumatoid factor?:IgM antibody against IgG

287.

What should you check before starting azathioprine?:Check thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency (TPMT) before treatment

288.

When to start allopurinol in gout?:>= 2 attacks in 12 month period.

289.

Which antiepileptic is safe in breast feeding?:Breast feeding is acceptable with nearly all anti-epileptic drugs

290.

Which cytokine is most important in pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?:TNF

291.

Wilson's disease: diagnosis:- serum caeruloplasmin is decreased

292.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - CFs:epigastric pain and diarrhoea