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Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

This document discusses and provides examples of supervised and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning involves inferring a function from labeled training data to predict labels for new data. It learns from previous examples to classify new data points. Unsupervised learning finds hidden patterns in unlabeled data without predefined labels by grouping similar examples together. The document uses the example of grouping different fruits into categories to illustrate the difference between supervised learning, where characteristics are used to predict labels seen before, and unsupervised learning, where patterns in new unlabeled data are used to group it.

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savisu
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144 views

Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

This document discusses and provides examples of supervised and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning involves inferring a function from labeled training data to predict labels for new data. It learns from previous examples to classify new data points. Unsupervised learning finds hidden patterns in unlabeled data without predefined labels by grouping similar examples together. The document uses the example of grouping different fruits into categories to illustrate the difference between supervised learning, where characteristics are used to predict labels seen before, and unsupervised learning, where patterns in new unlabeled data are used to group it.

Uploaded by

savisu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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23/10/2016

SupervisedandUnsupervisedlearning

UPERVISEDANDUNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
September19,2014

saimadhu

42Comments

DATAMINING

Indatascienceworldsupervisedandunsupervisedlearningalgorithms
werethefamouswordswecouldhearmorefrequentlywhenwewere
talkingwiththepeoplewhoareworkingindatasciencefield,furthermore
thekeydifferencesbetweenthesetwolearningalgorithmsisthemustlearn
conceptsfordifferentiatingtherealworldproblems.

SupervisedLearningWikiDefinition
Supervised learning is a data mining task of inferring a function
from labeled training data.The training data consist of a set of training
examples. In supervised learning, each example is a pair consisting of an
input object (typically a vector) and the desired output value (also called
the supervisory signal). Asupervised learning algorithm analyzes the
training data and produces an inferred function, which can be used for
mappingnewexamples.Anoptimalscenariowillallowforthealgorithm
tocorrectlydeterminetheclasslabelsforunseeninstances.Thisrequires
the learning algorithm to generalize from the training data to unseen
situationsinareasonableway.
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23/10/2016

SupervisedandUnsupervisedlearning

UnsupervisedLearningWikiDefinition
In data mining or even in data science world, the problem of
anunsupervised learning task is trying to find hidden structure in
unlabeleddata.Sincetheexamplesgiventothelearnerareunlabeled,there
isnoerrororrewardsignaltoevaluateapotentialsolution.

Supervisedandunsupervisedlearningwithareallife
example

Suppose you have a basket and it is filled with different kinds of


fruits.
Yourtaskistoarrangethemasgroups.
Forunderstandingletmeclearthenamesofthefruitsinourbasket.
Wehavefourtypesoffruits.Theyare

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23/10/2016

SupervisedandUnsupervisedlearning

APPLE

BANANA

GRAPE

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23/10/2016

SupervisedandUnsupervisedlearning

CHERRIES

SupervisedLearning:
Youalreadylearnfromyourpreviousworkaboutthephysical
charactersoffruits
Soarrangingthesametypeoffruitsatoneplaceiseasynow
Indataminingterminologythepreviousworkiscalledastraining
thedata
Youalreadylearnthethingsfromyourtraindata,thisisbecause
ofresponsevariable
Responsevariablemeansjustadecisionvariable
Youcanobserveresponsevariablebelow(FRUITNAME)
SHAPE

FRUIT
NAME

No.

SIZE

COLOR

Big

Red

Roundedshapewitha
depressionatthetop

Apple

Small

Red

Heartshapedtonearly
globular

Cherry

Big

Green

Longcurvingcylinder

Banana

Small

Green

Roundtooval,Bunchshape
Cylindrical

Grape

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23/10/2016

SupervisedandUnsupervisedlearning

Suppose you have taken a new fruit from the basket then you will
seethesize,color,andshapeofthatparticularfruit.
If size is Big , color is Red , the shape is rounded shape with a
depression at the top, you will confirm the fruit name as apple and
youwillputinapplegroup.
Likewiseforotherfruitsalso.
Thejobofgroupingfruitswasdoneandthehappyending.
YoucanobserveinthetablethatacolumnwaslabeledasFRUIT
NAME.Thisiscalledasaresponsevariable.
If you learn the thing before from training data and then applying
thatknowledgetothetestdata(fornewfruit),Thistypeoflearningis
calledasSupervisedLearning.

SupervisedLearningAlgorithms:
Allclassificationandregressionalgorithmscomeundersupervised
learning.
LogisticRegression
Decisiontrees
Supportvectormachine(SVM)
kNearestNeighbors
NaiveBayes
Randomforest
Linearregression
polynomialregression
SVMforregression

UnsupervisedLearning:
Supposeyouhaveabasketanditisfilledwithsomedifferenttypes
offruitsandyourtaskistoarrangethemasgroups.
Thistime,youdontknowanythingaboutthefruits,honestlysaying
this is the first time you have seen them. You have no clue about
those.
So,howwillyouarrangethem?
Whatwillyoudofirst???
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