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Verb Groups and Conjugation Basic Conjugations

This document discusses Japanese verb conjugation and grouping. It is divided into four sections: I) Conjugating verbs into the polite or "masu" form, II) Conjugating verbs into the "tai" or "want to" form, III) Conjugating verbs into the "te" form, and IV) Conjugating verbs into the "te imasu" or "te iru" form. Each section provides rules for changing the verb endings based on the three verb groups.

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185 views

Verb Groups and Conjugation Basic Conjugations

This document discusses Japanese verb conjugation and grouping. It is divided into four sections: I) Conjugating verbs into the polite or "masu" form, II) Conjugating verbs into the "tai" or "want to" form, III) Conjugating verbs into the "te" form, and IV) Conjugating verbs into the "te imasu" or "te iru" form. Each section provides rules for changing the verb endings based on the three verb groups.

Uploaded by

Rechelle
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VERB GROUPS AND CONJUGATION

Note: In verb grouping, consider the following:

Group I: -verbs with ending syllables that belong to the following:


u,ku,su,tsu,nu,bu,mu,gu & ru (except ~iru & ~eru)

Group II: -verbs ending in ~iru & ~eru (this group takes some exception that will be
represented by putting asterisk before the word,e.g *kaeru (to go home) this takes
the form of group 1

Group III: suru (to do ) & kuru (to come) Note: suru is often paired with a noun
before it, and kuru is often paired with another verb before it, represented by a ~te
form conjugation

CONJUGATIONS AND ITS RULES:

I Changing from plain form (present/positive) to polite form: ALSO


KNOWN AS POLITE VERBS OR ~MASU FORM

Rules:
Group 1
o Drop the u sound of the last syllable, change to i sound, then add ~masu
Example:
Iku= iki masu

Group 2
o Drop ru, change to ~masu
Example:
Taberu= tabemasu

Group 3
Suru= shimasu
Kuru=kimasu

~masu pol/pres/positive
~masen- pol/pres/negative
~mashita-pol/past/positive
~masendeshita- pol/past/negative

II ~tai form or want to ~ form

Rule:
Group 1
o Drop the u sound, change to i sound, add ~tai

Group 2
o Drop ru, change to ~tai

Group 3
Suru- shitai
Kuru-kitai

~tai pres/positive (want to)


~takunai pres/negative (dont want to)
~takatta past/positive (wanted to)
~takunakatta past/negative (did not want to)

III ~te form of the verb

Functions of ~te form:


-compound verbs
-series of actions
-request form (~te kudasai)
-asking permission (~te mo ii desu ka)
-gerund

Rule:
Group 1 (Sub-groups)
A= verbs ending with u, ru, tsu & *iku
~tte drop chqnge to tte
B=verbs ending with ku
~ite
C= verbs ending with su
~shite
D=verbs ending with gu
~ide
E= verbs ending with nu, bu, mu
~nde

Group 2
o Drop ru change to ~te

Group 3
Suru= shite
Kuru=kite

IV ~te imasu/~te iru form of the verb (~ing verbs or gerunds)

Rule: for all 3 groups

o Conjugate to ~te form and then the second verb imasu/iru

~te imasu(pol/pres/positive) - is ~ing


~te imasen (pol/pres/neg) is not ~ing
~te imashita (pol/past/positive) was ~ing
~te imasendeshita (pol/past/neg) was not ~ing

~te iru(plain/pres/positive)
~te inai (plain/pres/neg)
~te ita (plain/past/positive)
~te inakatta (plain/past/neg)

VERB PLAIN FORMS

I Change from present/positive to present/ negative

Rule:
Group 1
o Drop the u sound of the last syllable, change to a sound, then add ~nai
Example:
Nomu-nomanai
Note: for the syllable u, use the wa sound instead of a

Group 2
o Drop ru, change to ~nai
Example:
Taberu- tabenai

Group 3
Suru=shinai
Kuru=kunai

II Change from present/negative to past/ negative


Rule: For all 3 groups
o Drop ~nai, change to ~nakatta
III Change from present/positive to past/ positive

Rules:
Group 1 (Sub-groups)
A=verbs ending with u, ru, tsu & *iku
~tta
B=verbs ending with ku
~ita
C= verbs ending with su
~shita
D= verbs ending with gu
~ida
E= verbs ending with nu, bu, mu
~nda

Group 2
o Drop ru change to ~ta

Group 3
Suru= shita
Kuru= kita

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