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Module 3: OS: Batch Processing Is The Execution of A Series of Jobs in A

Control cards were introduced as a solution to problems in early operating systems distinguishing jobs, programs, and data. Control cards provided information to the monitor about the nature and program to execute for each job. Early operating systems used serial processing with a simple loader and I/O, while later batch processing systems like MVS allowed non-interactive execution of job batches. System performance was improved through buffering, which overlapped input, output, and processing within a single job, and spooling, which further overlapped I/O and computation across multiple jobs using a job queue and disk storage.

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Module 3: OS: Batch Processing Is The Execution of A Series of Jobs in A

Control cards were introduced as a solution to problems in early operating systems distinguishing jobs, programs, and data. Control cards provided information to the monitor about the nature and program to execute for each job. Early operating systems used serial processing with a simple loader and I/O, while later batch processing systems like MVS allowed non-interactive execution of job batches. System performance was improved through buffering, which overlapped input, output, and processing within a single job, and spooling, which further overlapped I/O and computation across multiple jobs using a job queue and disk storage.

Uploaded by

RatulKumarMajumdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 3: OS

Control Cards

Problems

1. How does the monitor know about the nature of the job (e.g., Fortran versus
Assembly) or which program to execute?

2. How does the monitor distinguish


(a) job from job?
(b) Data from program?

Solution: Introduce control cards

The Evolution of Operating systems:

1. Serial processing: In earlier M/c PDP-11, a program coded in machine


language could be entered into the RAM through front panel and switches.
The results of execution could be displayed on set of LEDs.
Advantages: 1. It resulted in a big improvement over the bare machine
approach. 2. The OS was limited to only loader and some I/O device
2. Batch processing is the execution of a series of jobs in a program on a computer without
manual intervention (non-interactive). Strictly speaking, it is a processing mode: the
execution of a series of programs each on a set or "batch" of inputs, rather than
a single input (which would instead be a custom job). Ex: IBM's MVS Operating system

There are two approaches the system performance can be improved by


overlapping input, output and processing: 1. BUFFERING and 2. SPOOLING.

Buffering: After data has been read and the CPU is about to start operating on it,
the input device is instructed by CPU to begin the next input immediately.

Spooling (SIMULTANEOUES PERIFERAL operation ONLINE) :


In computing, spooling is a specialized form of multi-programming for the purpose of copying data
between different devices.

Overlap I/O of one job with computation of another job. While executing one
job, the OS.

Reads next job from card reader into a storage area on the disk (job
queue).

Outputs printout of previous job from disk to printer.

Job pool data structure that allows the OS to select which job to run next in
order to increase CPU utilization.
Buffering overlaps input, output and processing of single job, whereas spooling
allows CPU to overlap the input of one job with the computation and output of other
jobs.

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