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2 - Stroke Engine

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464 views

2 - Stroke Engine

Once you upload an approved document, you will be able to download the document Heat and Mass Transfer R K Rajput

Uploaded by

S Sweet Sweet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AIM- To study the construction details and working principle of 2- stroke Petrol and Diesel engines.

APPARATUS USED- Model of Two-stroke petrol and Diesel engines.


THEORY-
Cycle- When series of events are repeated in order, it completes one cycle. Cycle is generally
classified as Four stroke cycle and Two stroke cycle.
a) Four stroke cycle- In Four stroke cycle, four operations are required to complete one cycle. These
four operations are suction, compression, power and exhaust.
b) Two stroke cycle- In a two stroke cycle, the series of events of the working cycle is completed in
two strokes of the piston and one revolution of the crankshaft. The four operations i.e. suction,
compression, power and exhaust are completed during two strokes of the piston.
Engine- A power producing machine is called an engine.
Heat engine- An engine which converts heat energy into mechanical energy is called a heat engine.
Types of heat engine
a) External Combustion engine- The engine in which the combustion of fuel takes place outside the
cylinder is called an external combustion engine.
b) Internal Combustion engine- The engine in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the
cylinder is called an internal combustion engine.
TWO STROKE ENGINE-
In a two stroke cycle, the series of events of the working cycle is completed in two strokes of the
piston and one revolution of the crankshaft.

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Construction Details-
Cylinder- It is a cylindrical vessel or space in which the piston makes a reciprocating produces.
Piston- It is a cylindrical component fitted into the cylinder forming the moving boundary of
combustion system. It fits in cylinder perfectly.
Combustion Chamber- It is the space enclosed in the upper part of cylinder, by the cylinder head &
the piston top during combustion process.
Inlet/ Outlet ports- They are provided on the side of cylinder to regulate the charge coming in and
out of cylinder.
Transfer ports- It permits the compressed charge in the crankcase to enter the engine cylinder.
Spark Plug- It is used to initiate the combustion process in S.I engines.
Deflector- It prevents the fresh charge from flowing directly to the exhaust ports.
Fuel Injector- It injects the fuel in combustion chamber to initiate combustion process for power
stroke on C.I engine.
Connecting Rod- It connects piston & the crank shaft.
Crank shaft- It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into useful rotary motion of output
shaft.
Gudgeon pin- It forms a link between connectingrod and the piston.
Crank pin- It forms a link between connection rods
Baki achhi details lekha

Working principles of Two stroke Petrol engine-


In two stroke cycle petrol engine, there are two strokes of the piston and one revolution of the
crankshaft to complete one cycle. In two stroke engines ports are used instead of valve i.e. suction
port, transfer port and exhaust port. These ports are covered and uncovered by the up and down
movement of the piston. The top of the piston is deflected to avoid mixing of fresh charge with
exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are expelled out from the engine cylinder by the fresh charge of
fuel entering the cylinder. The mixture of air and petrol is ignited by a spark produced at the spark
plug. The two stroke of the engine are-
First Stroke- Assuming the piston to be at the BDC position. The inlet port is converted by the
piston whereas the transfer port and exhaust port are uncovered. The piston moves from BDC to
TDC. The air petrol mixture enters the cylinder. On the upward movement of the piston, first of all
the transfer port is converted and then immediately, the exhaust port is covered. Simultaneously the
suction port also gets uncovered, the upward movement of the piston helps to compress the air fuel
mixture at the top and creates partial vacuum at the bottom in the crankcase which gets filled with air
fuel mixture by the atmospheric pressure. At the end of the stroke, the piston reaches the TDC
position completing the compression stroke as shown in Fig. (a) and (b).

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Second Stroke- Just before the completion of the compression stroke, the compressed charge is
ignited in the combustion chamber, by means of an electric spark produced by the spark plug.
Combustion of air fuel mixture pushes the piston in the downward direction, on the power stroke
producing useful work. The movement of the power action is over, the exhaust port is uncovered.
The exhaust gases escape to the atmosphere. Further movement of the piston covers the inlet port
and the fresh charge is compressed in the crankcase. Simultaneously the transfer port is also
uncovered. The compressed mixture of air fuel enters the combustion chamber. The deflected shape
of the piston avoids inter-mixing of the fresh charge and exhaust gases i.e. the fresh charge rises to
the top of the cylinder and pushes out most of the exhaust gases. Thus the three actions, power,
exhaust and induction are completed from TDC to BDC position completing one cycle i.e. two stroke
of the piston and one revolution of the crankshaft as shown in Fig. (c) and (d).

Working of the Two stroke Diesel engine-


The working principle of a two stroke diesel engine is discussed below:
First stroke- To start with let us assume the piston to be at its B.D.C. position (Fig. A). The
arrangement of the ports is such that the piston performs the two jobs simultaneously. As the piston
starts rising from its B.D.C. position, if closes the transfer port and the exhaust port. The air which is
already there in the cylinder is compressed (Fig. B). At the same time with the upward movement of

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the piston, vacuum is created in the crank case. As soon as the inlet port is uncovered, the fresh air is
sucked in the crank case. The charging is continued until the crank case and the space in the cylinder
beneath the piston is filled (Fig. C) with the air. At the end of the stroke, the piston reaches the
T.D.C. Position.

Second stroke- Slightly before the completion of the compression stroke, a very fine sprays of diesel
injected into the compressed air. The fuel ignites spontaneously. Pressure is exerted on the crown of
the piston due to the combustion of the air and the piston is pushed in the downward direction
producing some useful power (Fig. C). The downward movement of the piston will first close the
inlet port and then it will compress the air already sucked in the crank case. Just the end of power
stroke, the piston uncovers the exhaust port and the transfer port simultaneously. The expanded gases
start escaping through the exhaust port and at the same time transfer port (Fig. D) and thus the cycle
is repeated again. The fresh air coming into the cylinder also helps in exhausting the burnt gases out
of the cylinder through the exhaust port (Fig. D). This is known as scavenging.

CONCLUSION-
We studied the construction details and working principle of 2- stroke Petrol and Diesel engines.

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