VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT How strong is your opinion? 1 EREEEMIINATIN Work with a partner. Read the expressions and answer the questions. Lagree. Idon't thinkso. Yes, I suppose so. I totally disagree. I'm not sure No, I don't agree. That's exactly how I see it 1 Which words show that the person agrees or disagrees? 2. Which expression shows that the person is undecided? 3. Which words make the expressions stronger? STUDY SKILL Making language stronger ‘We can use these expressions to express a strong opinion: | agree. {completely agree. That's exactly how Iseeit. Idon't agree. Idon't agree at all. | totally disagree. We can use these expressions to express less strong opinion: Yes, I suppose so. | don't think so. That's a good point, but L anaes more than once. totaly completely excellent really atall_ good disagree. 1 agree. a agree I dont agree That's an point. | disagree 1 agree with you. rere ' dont think so, | dont think so point, | I don't agree 3. Work in a group. Discuss the statements. Give your opinion, and agree and. disagree with other students. 1 The most important thing at college is to pass all your exams, 2. The destruction of rainforests is the most important environmental problem in the world. 3 Childhood is the best time of your life. 32. Unit S - How we learn 2. Complete the expressions with the words in the box. You can use some words a g ree disagreeREVIEW 1 @58 Listen to the start of a lecture about multiple intelligences. Answer the questions. 1 How many different types of intelligence will the lecture be about? 2. Whose theory about multiple intelligences is this? 2 ©59 Listen to the next part of the lecture. Complete the table with the names of the intelligences. Se ee mathematical naturalist linguistic musical interpersonal 1 lear languages / spoken writen language 2 analyze problems / think logically 3 bodiy-kinesthetic 4 spatial 5 compose, perform music 6 | understand other people / work wellin groups Tintaperonl 8 recogniting, naming / environment 3 @©59 Listen again. Complete the table in exercise 2 with the missing key ideas. 4 Write the expressions in the box in the correct place in the table below. I think What's your opinion, Raoul? | completely agre. Can I say something here? ny opinion... {'mafraid don't agree. That'savery good point. What do you think, Marianne? | don't think that is the case, Excuse me, 5. Write two statements about learning, You learn more when you work in a group. 6 Work in a group. Discuss your statements from exercise 5. Express your opinions, and agree and disagree with other students. Unit + How weleam 336 Living with technology LISTENING SKILLS Taking notes (3) + Using criteria SPEAKING SKILLS. Presentations (3) Using a checklist VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Words that go together (2) RESEARCH Asking research questions LISTENING Technology improving lives 1 Work with a partner. Answer the questions. 1 What technology have you used today? 2. What did people do before they had this technology? 2 ©61 Listen to the description of a simple technology, the bicycle ambulance. Label the diagram using the words in the box. patient traler person who pedals passenger bicycle 3 You are going to listen to some information about bar codes. Before you listen, think about what happens when you buy things at a supermarket. Work with a partner and put the steps in order. CO the cashier scans the items C pay for the items CO put the items on the counter TD queue up C. put the items in bags 4 ©62 Listen to the information about bar codes. What two problems have bar codes solved? 1 © They save time and money. 2 Li They help shop assistants to use machines. 3 C] They help shop assistants to sell more things. 4 J They allow shops to have fewer shop assistants. 5 © £62 Listen again, Make a note of key words and of any words you don't understand. Ber ene bar code Sometimes when you are taking notes, you hear new words that you didn't recognize. ‘When you hear new words, use these strategies to help you understand, 1» Make a note ofthe word and any words that go with it (don't worry about speling) 1 Askyourself these questions |s there an explanation or example inthe talk? What do know about the topic? E the visuals help? '= Check the word in the dictionary or ask someone. . 6 Work with a partner. Discuss the meaning of the words you wrote in exercise 5. Then check the meanings of the words in a dictionary. 34 Unit 6 - Living with technology7 You are going to listen to a podcast about the two developments in technology in exercises 2 and 4. Before you listen, predict and complete the table with the information in the box. every-day / irreremergency allover the world / mainly in developing countries 20 items = $1/ litem = around $100 ost of maintaining an ambulance / time needed to check pices hand-held scanner 8 63 9 @©63 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? 1 D Hospitals are often a long way from villages. 2 OC Ambulances aren't very expensive. 3 Di The bicycle ambulance can carry only the person who is il. 4 Cl Bar codes were first used in the 1970s. 5 6 ten to the podcast. Work with a partner. Check your answers. G Scanners are quite difficult to use. Gi Bar code technology has an impact on everyone. 10 Work with a partner. Prepare to give a summary of the two developments in technology. Put the parts of your summary in order. O your opinion Ci description of problem Tl Work with a partner. Take turns to give a summary of the two technologies. n © 64 Listen to the last part of the podcast. The speaker is talking about how to choose the best technology. Complete the table with the speaker's criteria and questions. eee use ara ae en For example: Which isthe best form of transport, car, train, or plane? 1 con urlives | Which as ha the biggest 1 |_| Possible criteria ae — aaa ‘= speed - Which is the fastest? : rocmoney am bic the bess u = environment - Which isthe least damaging? 3 | Which is the most _ ? = cost ~ Which is the best value for money? 13 Work with a partner. Evaluate the two technologies using the questions in exercise 12. Unit 6 + Living with technology 3!SPEAKING Presenting information 1. Look at the picture of a 21st-century classroom. Label the furniture and equipment in the classroom. book shelves smartboard adjustable chair ergonomic desk laptop projector 2. Read the expressions in the Language Bank. Look at the picture again. ‘Complete the sentences. 1 At the top there i 2. There is a student typing on a_ 3. On the right there are some 4 There are some students sitting on foreground. 5 Inthe background a teacher is pointing toa =—se me a = LANGUAGE BANK Describing a picture This picture shows on the left at the top (onthe right. at the bottom inthe foreground . in the middle in the background. 3. Check your answers with a partner. 4 Work with a partner. Cover the picture. Describe it to your partner from ‘memory. Then change roles. Who gave the most complete description? 5, ERREGMNELINY Look at the presentation slide. career Tae at Ba eee Cel Numbers are very powerful, Use them in presentations to have more impact. To use them wel net users in th ae eee = make numbers simple: 4 milion NOT 3965 488. ‘© 1,800 million - 2009 ‘explain the numbers: 20,000 - that's 10%. + 360 million - 2000 ‘compare numbers: 650, that's 50 more than last year. use only a few important numbers 6 Read part of a presentation about the Internet. Complete it with the information from the slide. “As you can see, there are many ! users in the world now. The first figure shows the number of users in 2009 ~ approximately ? ‘worldwide. This number is much bigger than the number of users in 2000 - * a So according to statistics, the number of Internet users in the world is growing quickly.” 7 @65 Listen and check your answers. LANGUAGE BANK Explaining your numbers 8 Read the expressions in the Language Bank. Underline the expressions used in the presentation in exercise 6. ‘As you can see According to statistics 9 Work with a partner. Practise presenting the information on the slide above. | The fist ure shows 36 Unit 6 + Living with technologyPresenting the facts 10 Work in a group. Your topic is “Technology in the past 50 years: Choose a focus for your research. ‘Saving people's lives b Making people’s lives easier M1 Inyour group, decide which development in technology you will research. Then complete the table below with your information. Focus What? Who? | When? | wy t Key numbers and words MRI scanner Source n Prepare to explain your group's technology development to the class, Use the checklist in the Study Skill box to help you. STUDY SKILL Using a checklist Use a checklist to help you prepare before you give presentation. For example: Checklist: To do 1 Prepare (review Language Banks Take slides ora poster with key words, numbers, and a picture Practise (] learn key words 1 say key numbers correctly CO practise loud 1B Present the technology development to the class. Listen to the other groups. Early mobile phone ‘Which is the best technology? Who gave the best presentation? Unit 6 + Living with technology 37VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Words that go together 1 Write the words that go with problem and solution, | ookfor hve abig find amajor. offer face | Verb | aod themain sohe " aneffcne_thebes | have a problem STUDY SKILL lords that go together (2) | Collocations are words that go together. Many verbs, | | nouns, and adjectives have cllocations. a solution problem have a problenr verb + noun ‘a major problem: adjective + noun solution look for a solution: verb + noun — Adjective 2 good solution: adjective + noun ject ‘When you learn key words, lean their collocations too. problem 2 Complete the sentences, 1 We need to find a quickly. solution 2. The main we're facing is the number of people. 3. Together we can solve the 4 Solar power could be an effective 5 We must start for a solution, 3 © 66 Listen and check your answers. RESEARCH Asking research questions 1 ERENT Plan some research. 1 Choose an item using technology which is an important part of your life now. 2. Write research questions to find out more about this item. Decide where you are going to research the information, 4. Find the answers to your questions. Bryer fod | Think of questions about your topic focus. Use question words to help you to think of research questions. For example: Topic - technology Research focus - satellite navigation Who invented it? Why? When? Who uses it? What does it do? What does it replace? Where isit used? 2 Compare your research questions with a partner. Which were the most useful questions? 38 Unit 6 » Living with technologyREVIEW 1 67 Listen to three people introducing their talks and make a note of the topics. 2 ©67 Listen again and make a note of one example each person gives. 3 © 68 Listen to part of a talk on worldwide telephone use. Write the title of the slide. Worldwide Telephone Use Fixed lines in Europe % |The Americas % Asia & Pacific % Arab countries % Arica % 4 © 69 Listen and complete the numbers on the slide. 5. Work with a partner. Practise saying the numbers on the slide. Then practise presenting the information. 6 ©610 Read and listen to the text. Underline the stressed words and syllables as you listen. ‘These bicycle ambulances help solve a common but very serious problem in developing countries. How do you get someone to hospital when they are ill or injured? Hospitals are usually quite far from the remote villages where people live, ambulances are expensive, and there are often no good roads for them, 7 Work with a partner. Practise reading the text aloud. Unit 6 + Living with technology 35MEW ore Rav LISTENING SKILLS Understanding a situation * Takingnotes (4) + Deciding on the main points SPEAKING SKILLS Contractions + Presentations (4) VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Synonyms LISTENING Excuse me, do you speak English? 1 Work with a partner. Answer the questions. 1 How many languages do you speak? 2. Is more than one language spoken in your country? When are the different languages used? 3. What languages do children learn at school in your country? 2 © Listen to the opening of a lecture. Complete the information about the lecturer. Tick (v) the subject she mentions. Lecturer Name Job os Research interests how changes over language learning difficulties O bilingualism OF the importance of writing 3 @71 Listen again. How many opportunities will there be for questions? 4 ©72 Listen to the start of a tutorial following the lecture. How many people are present? 5 @72 Listen again. Write the names of the people. © the tutor «the visiting speaker the students 6 ©72 Write the relationship between the speakers. using the ‘words in the box Then listen again and check your answers. classmates colleagues friends a Roxanna, Ronesh, and Simon b Dr Harper and Professor Birchill 40 Unit 7 + Language and culture STUDY SKILL Understanding a situation Itis sometimes difficult to follow a discussion ina listening task. Sometimes several people talk together. To understand better, ask yourself these questions: ‘= How many people are speaking: two, three, more? ‘= What are the speakers roles: lecturer, student, presenter? ‘&_ What s the relationship between the speakers: teacher/student, host/ guest, colleagues, classmates?7 ©73 Listen to the numbers, Write them down, a 2 i 5 8 3 6 9 8 [Look at the table of facts. Predict which numbers from exercise 7 go with each fact below. 9 ©74 Work with a partner. Listen and check your answers. 10 (EERIE What were the main points in the tutorial? Tick (v) the ‘main point for each part. 1 Cl more science articles are written in English than other subjects C1 to be successful academically you need to learn English 2 C1 languages die out, but this is natural C Latin was important in the past but is not now 3. more people will use two languages in the future C people will use their mother tongue less in the future 4. C having one global language helps communication and saves money D many languages are spoken in the European Union 5 CJ many business people from different countries have meetings face-to-face CO English is used for commu Geert cok mae) ‘Some languages wil die out - this is natural ‘There il usually be several supporting points for each main point, Tl @74 Listen again and check your answers. T2 Work in a group. Discuss each of the main points from the tutorial. Give your opinions and agree and disagree with each other. 2 approximately 75. the percentage of international jural articles written in English . aa 4 the numberof years go Latin was stil sed - the numberof native and normative speakers of English woréwide fl the percentage ofthe words population wich biingual o | the fraction of the budget fr translating at international on h | the number of official languages in the European Union the percentage of ntemet content writen in nglsh ting in business and on the Internet Lectures and presentations usually make several points. Some of these points willbe the main points. Other point support these main points. These supporting points will be examples and facts. {600 years ago all educated people in Europe read and understood Latin, but now where is this language? ‘Numbers are very important for supporting points. You need to: = note numbers accurately. 1» note what the number refers to. After you take note of facts and ‘numbers, review them. Ask yourself if the number is possible, eg. ‘Number of language in the European Union -223() In your follow-up research, check the accuracy of the numbers. Unit7 + Language and culture 41a SPEAKING Starting your presentation 1 Work with a partner. Discuss which aspects of culture are important for you. food family names arts language literature | festivals beliefs customs sports clothes music 2. Work with a partner. Answer the questions. 1 Who do we learn each part of our culture from? 2. What happens to your culture if you go to live in a different cou 3. Which parts of culture change over time and which do not? 3 @75 Listen and match the students’ answers to questions 1-3 in exercise 2. Were any the same as your answers? at Doooot 4 Think about your culture. Answer the questions. 1 How important is respect for older people? 2. How important is being on time? 3. How important is the written word compared to the spoken? 5. Work ina group. Discuss your answers to the questions in exercise 4, Unit 7 + Language and culture6 Read the expressions in the Language Bank. Write your opening for a presentation on culture. 7 Work with a partner. Practise the opening to the presentation. 8 ©76 Listen to the presenter. Is his opening the same as yours? 9 @76 Listen again and tick (v) the contractions you hear. 1tfmO 2ma 3 I've 4 Well O 5 We're 6 We've 10 You are going to give a presentation on the topic of culture. Write the headings in the outline slide. My culture Other cultures Whats culture? Culture Outline © Questions T_ Work with a partner. Write your opening for the presentation. n Work in a group. Give the opening to your presentation. Listen to the other presentations. Use the checklist in the Study Skill box. Tick (v) the steps that are included, Who gave the best opening? eye eet) The opening ofa presentation is the most important part A good opening gets the audience's attention and tells them what they are going to listen to. When you give a presentation, you might follow these steps: Checklist 1. Set up your equipment. 2. Stand next to the visual display and face the audience. 3. Welcome the audience, make eye contact and smile. 4. Give the topic of your presentation. 5. Givea short outline ofthe content. | 6 Tellthe audience when they can ask questions LANGUAGE BANK Presentation openings Today m going to talk about. Before I start, Il give an outline ofthe presentation. First, examine After that, I discuss Next, Then Finally, At the end there will be time for questions. ‘We often use contractions in presentations: Tm going to. We're going to... M. Weill. Using contractions makes your English sound. natural and fluent. Unit 7 + Language and cultureVOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Synonyms 1 Match the words in the box to the words below with similar meanings. difficulty answer topic key arb enaietetar aa culture fee society 1 2 3. solution = 4 talk about 5 subject community 2 Complete the sentences with a synonym of culture. Id 1. Some elements of American and European _ are the same. wor 2 The modern is changing quickly. 3. There are many young people in the Urdu-speaking in Britain. | Assynonym of a word has the same or very similar meaning, For example’ | culture a way of life, beliefs, and customs shared by a group of people: British culture / modern culture Synonyms society: Arab society community: — the English-speaking community world the modern world | Synonyms are useful because they help us to avoid repetition | Pideeiienbes a J 3 @77 Listen and check your answers. 4 Read the opening to the podcast below. Replace the highlighted words in the text with their synonyms in the box. Use the dictionary to help you. discuss topic society problems solutions study Today's podcast is on the ! subject ‘of multilingualism. This topic is becoming increasingly important in today’s *world So the question we will? examine today is just what does it mean to live in a multilingual world? To discuss this question, with me today are Dr Hamad and Professor Johnson from Stockton University. They ‘research issues faced by multilingual communities and find S answers for particular ®issues - They recently published a book listing many of their solutions, a book I highly recommend if you want to learn more about multilingualism or you need to study this area for your own research, 5 @©78 Listen and check your answers. 6 Think about the question below. Think of three ideas to answer the question and write down the key words. Then note down some synonyms for the key words. : What does it mean to ive in a muttlingual world? 7 Work with a partner. Discuss your ideas using both the key words and their synonyms. 44 Unit 7 + Language and cultureREVIEW. 1 @79 Listen and write down the numbers. = d b e c f 2 Look at the table of facts discussed at a tutorial. number in exercise 1 goes with which fact. Japanese speakers consonant sounds in japanese consonant sounds in English articles in English "kanji symbols japanese children learn leters inthe English alphabet 3 @710 Listen and check your answers. Predict which 4. Read the steps to starting a presentation well and number them in the correct order. 1 Tell the audience when they can ask questions. CO Give a short outline of the content. (1 Welcome the audience, make eye contact and smile. 1 Stand next to the visual display and face the audience. C1 Set up your equipment. CO Give the topic of your presentation. 5 Work with a partner. From memory, give the steps to starting a presentation well. Use the words in the box below. Fist Then Next After that Finally 6 Match the synonyms in the box with the four ‘words opposite. revise nation lea worldwide seminar state international discussion group 7 @©7 Read and listen to the opening to a presentation. Underline the verb forms you hear. 8 0 Listen again. athe words the speaker uses to organize her information. country study slobal tutorial Today '1'm going to / 'lltalk about language and culture. Before I start, 271 / we'll give an outline of the presentation, First, *'m going to / I'll talk about the importance of language. After that, #'m going to / I'll discuss culture. Finally, §/'ll / we'lllook at some examples of the connection between language and culture. In next week's tutorial ST'l / we'll discuss some of the points in more detail, 9 Work with a partner. Practise saying the opening aloud. Unit7 + Language and culture 4Cea ea LISTENING SKILLS. Focusing on organization * Taking notes (5) SPEAKING SKILLS Pauses + Presentations (5) RESEARCH Finding sources + Giving references LISTENING Important cities 1 Which important world cities have you visited? Do you like them? Why? 2 @©8 Listen to the first part of a podcast about cities. Number the cities in the order in which they are mentioned. 3 ©81 Listen again. What is Brian Davies doing? C explaining examples C giving an outline Ci answering questions 4 ©) Listen again. Which three topics will Brian Davies talk about? O history O climate Oi food C the environment O sport Oi change Ci recreation Ci transport Braces tener ee Always lsten carefully tothe introduction toa presentation or | talk tt will give you an outline or overview of the content: The | introduction wil tell you | =the main topics. = frie eps ord This will help you to follow the main part of the talk | 5. Complete the outline for Brian Davie Outline © Topic City: © Topic 2 City: © Topic 3: City, : 6 @8l Listen again and check your answers. 46 Unit 8 Living in the city7 Which key words and numbers from the main part of the talk do you think are about which city? historical modem international 10 milion vistors bicycle population of 17m future green 8 EREEMSANINY 1 abel the diagrams a-c with the words from the box. chart mind map timeline Past Present || Future Lancent Rome] L_Debet_ ‘Rome Dubai Copenhagen Population in milions Dubai Cities Copenhagen To learn and remember information more easily, you need good notes. When listening = try to getall the main points = write the key words clearly. = be accurate with numbers 1» use mind maps, pictures, and diagrams. « 9 Work with a partner. Look at the diagrams. Answer the questions. 1 Which is a good way to take notes of lots of information? 2. Which is a good way to compare numbers? 3. Which is a good way to show time? 10 ©82 Listen to the main part of the talk. 1 Complete the mind map in exercise 8. 2 Add more parts to the mind map if necessary. 3. Did you hear any of the words from exercise 72 | Gy name Tl @83 Listen to three students giving summaries of their notes about the three cities. Tick (V) the information each student (A~C) includes. Population Best for. Location 12 Work with a partner. Decide which student gave the best summary and why. Famous bulding Transport Unit 8 + Living in the city 47SPEAKING Comparing cities 1 Work with a partner, Look at the photos of two great cities. 1 What are the two cities? 2. What do you know about these cities? 2. © 84 Listen to two students discussing the two cities. What is the relationship between the cities? 3, Work with a partner, Discuss the questions. 1 Is your town or city twinned with another town or city? 2. What could be the benefits of a town or city twinning with another place? 4 ®B5 Listen to one student's summary of the two cities and complete the information in the table below. Approximate population | — milion | milion ‘Annual visitors TS million million | 5 @©85 Work with a partner. Compare your answers. Then listen again and. check. 6 Read the expressions in the Language Bank. Use the expressions and the information in the table in exercise 4 to complete the text. | LANGUAGE BANK Comparing If we compare .., we can see that A comparison of... shows that Istanbul is far bigger than Berlin. Dubai is slightly smaller than Copenhagen. Dubai is almost as big as Copenhagen. Rome is not as green as Copenhagen Both Copenhagen and Dubai are modern cities. ! Berlin? Istanbul are important world cities. They have been twin towns since 1989, If we ? their populations, we can see that Istanbul is 4 bigger than Berlin. Istanbul also has 5 more visitors each year. A comparison of the number of universities © that Berlin doesn't have ? many ¢ Istanbul, but it has more When we write, we use hospitals. The currency of Germany is the euro and, in 2010, one euro was worth commas ()and ful stops (. 8 less than two Turkish lira | When we speak, we use pauses | tohelp listeners understand. . | Pauses help to: 7 @©86 Listen and check your answers. 8 ©86 Listen to the text in exercise 6 again. Mark the pauses with //. Work with a partner. Practise reading the text and leaving pauses. = organize our information = emphasize information. show change of topic 48 Unit 8 + Living in the city9 EERENMNATINY Match steps 1-5 in the Study Skill box with a-e below. Pee eet Help your audience to understand your (CEE Istanbul, historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople, isthe largest | information by orang it wel city in Turkey with a population of 13 million, Istanbul is a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. 1 Choose your topic and focus. 2 Dothe research. 3. Make notes on your main points. 4 Write your outline. Hi (1B Comparing 2 cities: Berlin and Istanbul Organize your information to follow + population the outline + history *+ geography * introduction * population © Berlin Istanbul © history © Berlin Istanbul 10 Work with a partner. Look at the two presentation outlines below. Answer the questions. 1 How are the outlines the same? 2. How are they different? 3. Which do you prefer? Why? Ay Comparing two cities Comparing two cities | introduction | © introduction © Istanbul | © geography ~ geography | = Istanbul — population | — Berlin ~ universities |» population © Berlin | = Istanbul — geography | — Berlin — population © universities ~ universities | ~ Istanbul ~ Berlin Tl Work with a partner. Use the information from exercises 4 and 6 to write an introduction to the presentation Comparing two cities: Istanbul and Berlin. ‘Then practise saying your introduction, Unit 8 + Living in the city 4RESEARCH Information sources 1 MEETING Look the information abouts esearch projet. ET) SR . DNR UT ere ces Identify the key words. Then find a suitable website to use Ue Degli for research. Use key words from your topic, focus, and research | questions to find information sources. When you use a search engine on the internet, for example, Google, RESEARCH PROJECT Topic: ties oat key word Focus: future developments eae What will the next big thing be in cities? bean What problems wilt solve? Key Qu: 2 ©87 Listen to three students talking about their research. Write down the key words they use. pans eee nee Student A Student 8 | Student € 3. Use the students’ key words and find a good source (a book or website) for each student to use for their research. 4, BEREAN Choose a type of source in the box below for each title in the table. Internet research cok website podcast TV programme Poca eee aes “Tomarrow’ Paces, download from wirwcities. org “Roman Times, Channel 6, PC ‘The Travellers Guide to the Word’ by R. Stone vwewvicitiesoflearning com Areca cece ‘When you use information, you need to give the source. For reading sources | = From a book: Stone, R (2004) The Traveller's Guide to the World. London, Open Press. | = From a website: Doyle, C. (2009) Paris, aplace to lear. Retrieved 25th September, 201, from http://www.citiesoflearning com For listening sources = From a broadcast (1V, radio): Simons A. (Reporter) (7th October, 2010). Roman Times, Channel 6, BPC 1» From podcast: Johns, D. (201) Tomorrow's Places (Audio podcast), Retrieved 30th May, 201, from http://wwwcitiesorg/podcasts | 5 Work with a partner. Choose a city and decide on three things you want to know about it. = 6 Find the information and give your sources correctly. 50 Unit 8 + Living in the cityREVIEW. 1 @88 Listen to a student giving a summary of a presentation. Complete the outline for the presentation. Sport and cities © City 1 London Sport © City2 Sport —_footbal * Citys Sport 2. Look at the research table. Find the missing facts on the Internet and complete the table with the facts and references, Johannesburg Toronto 3. Find the sources described in the table. Add the references to the table. a podcast about a capital city book about a country 4 @89 Listen and complete the text. | am going to compare Moscow and Mexico City. ! ‘Moscow 2 Mexico Cty are very interesting cites to visit. Mexico City i in South America, Moscow is in Europe. Both Mexico City # Moscow are capital Cities, but the population of Moscow is not § big ® the Population of Mexico City. Mexico City is? as cold as Moscow; in fact, the average * temperature in Mexico is as high as the average ® temperature in Moscow. 5 ©89 Listen again and mark the pauses. 6 Practise reading the text aloud. Unit 8 = Living in the city 51CNT Somes) LISTENING SKILLS Reviewing + Taking notes (6) and (7) SPEAKING SKILLS. Presentations (6) and (7) VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Word familes » Knowing vocabulary well LISTENING Memory 1. Work with a partner, Compare and discuss the meanings of these words. lea memory revise remember memorize 2. Look at the scale. How good are you at remembering these ES things? Write a number (1-10) for each one. fues =O numbers (1) facts Qo names Egytt opulabien 85 million 3. Compare your answers with a partner. 4 ©1 Listen to the start of a lecture about memory. Tick (v) the sentence that best describes the lecturer's opinion. Students should be active in lectures. oO Students should listen and develop their brains. Students should improve their memories. a ie ene on 5 @91 Listen again. Complete the three key questions that Excellent the lecture will address. 1 Howare. 2 What and. comected? are there? 2 3 How can we our 6 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions in exercise 5. 7 ©92 Listen to the next part of the lecture. Tick (v) the three things the lecturer says about reviewing. C1 tis a key factor for remembering information, i It was the subject of last week's lecture. Oi The students will now review last week's lecture. Itis important to review information you lear in your lectures. You should: | make notes while you listen, tread your notes later and check (J Today's lecture will include more about reviewing later. Hehe ee 8 @©93 Listen to the facts about the brain, What do these numbers relate to? Make notes as you listen. : 2 100bilion. 9 Make brief notes to review what you have learned. Then compare with a partner. 52 Unit 9 + Improving your memory10 © 94 Listen to the next part of the lecture. Write down the ey words. ‘Mind maps are excellent for taking notes. They can show the key words and ideas and the links between them. Youcan use = colours for key words or topics. = arrows to link ideas. nD © 96 Listen to the next part of the lecture. = visuals to show ideas. ‘Complete the mind map with the uses of each type of memory. Tl @95 Listen to the next part of the lecture, Which types of memory does the lecturer say she will talk about today? Cl working ©) sensory Li short-term —C) long-term es J 13. ©97 You are going to do a task to test your short-term memory. Listen and do the task a © 98 Listen to the next part of the lecture about problems with memory, and how to improve your memory. Add notes to your mind map. Then work with a partner to compare and complete your notes. 15 @99 16 ©910 Listen and complete the advice for taking good notes, {sten to the next part about reviewing. Why is reviewing important? 1 You need good notes to be able to effectively. 2 Taking notes helps us to the information later. 3. Write down 4 Organize the information in Ss 5 Use____ prompts, eg. colours and highlights. When you finish isteing, you shoul (6=Dou'Casualrwnris wean Senge 2 | = review your notes ~read and discuss. = check any facts you need to—use a V7 ERREMUETIY Work with a partner. Compare and complete your notes search engine to research information from the lecture. Check facts if necessary, and reorganize your notes. 1 reorganize your notes using tiles, key words, bullet points, etc 18. Use your notes to give a summary of the information from the lecture. Unit 9 + Improving your memory 53SPEAKING Improving your presentation delivery 1. Match the five senses with the pictures. Oi taste C ) D touch Keys —— OO sight QD », O nS] ev CO smell a b © a C7 hearing . ae 2. Work with a partner. Discuss the questions 1 Which sense is most important to you? 2. Which senses do you use the most when you remember things? 3 Read the notes about someone who had a special ability. Complete the notes using the words in the box. | date | profession results of study | reference 2 ussian ‘medical study an — nationality 2 - ape special ality 4 aly 20th century ame fe | caaspiaor sy 5 «could remember everything | Fz 6 remembered using all ive senses |< —$—$<—<——— | invented stories in pictures to remember = example: ‘saw’ one sound asa brown line on a dark background, wth red sides, tating of soup studied by a psychologist for 30 years ~ proved he had memory fr everything since he was a baby did same tests years later everything stil correct found some problems with memory | ‘eample: ~ cfficlty remembering faces Fussell, (1986). The Brain Book, London, Routledge 4 Read the script for the beginning of a presentation about ‘S: y Presentations (6 ‘There are no full stops or commas. Complete the tasks below. SEM Tteoret 0) To improve your presentation, prepare ‘Today's presentations are all about extraordinary people there are many your script before you practise people who are good at things for example maths or music but some (On your script, mark people are so good that they seem to be almost incredible I'm going to a key words and their stress. talk about a famous case of a person with an extraordinary memory I'm sinking sounds. ‘going to talk about ‘S’ first Ill give you the background to his life then Ill races describe his condition and give some examples of the things he could do. ne fe has an excellent mem {ee He has.an excellent memory. // After 2 Underline the key words and mark their stress. . 3. Find and mark the links between words. 4. Mark where you think the pauses are. 5 @©9N Listen and check. 54 Unit 9 + Improving your memory6 @©9N Read the expressions in the Language Bank. Read and listen to the beginning of the presentation in exercise 4 again. Underline the expressions from the Language Bank that you hear. 7 Work with a partner. Practise reading the script in exercise 4. 8 Work with a partner, Look at the next part of the script. Put the sentences in the correct order. (1 People at work started to notice him because of his memory. 1 He also invented stories to remember things (1 ‘S’ was a Russian newspaper reporter, living in the first part of the 20th century. 1 He dia this by using all five of his senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. C To give an example, once when he heard a sound, he described it as a brown line on a dark background, with red sides, tasting of soup, Gi For example, when the editor of the newspaper talked to the reporters, 'S’ never took notes. He remembered everything, 9 @4N Listen and check your answers. 10 Work with a partner. Mark the sentences with key words, stress, linking, and pauses, Then practise reading the script. I Work with a partner. Write the final part ofthe presentation script. Use facts from parts 7 and 8 of the table in exercise 3. 1. With your partner, mark the script for stress linking and pauses. Then practise saying it. Presenting a case study 13. Work with a partner. Follow these steps. 1 Make a mind map of the types of extraordinary skills people have. 2 Choose the focus for your presentation from this mind map. ¢ 3 Research a person with a skill in your focus area. Find key facts about them. 4 Write a presentation script including an introduction. 14 Look at your finished presentation script. Mark the script for stress, linking, and pauses. Practise saying it. 5 ‘Work with a partner and practise your presentation again. Can you make it shorter but also clearer? LANGUAGE BANK Examples Giving examples 1m going to talk about a famous case. To give an example, he never took notes He was very special For example, he could remember lists from 20 years ago. He did have some problems with memory. For instance, he couldn't remember faces well Bryer eect) To help your audience, you need a good pace ‘when you give your presentation. Remember: ‘= too slow can be boring ‘= too fast is difficult to understand Itis best to vary your pace. Slow down for the ‘most important information. Unit 9 + Improving your memoryVOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Word families 1. EEEEGINETINE Complete the sentences with the words from the Study Skill box, Many people in the UK are out of work and looking for = ‘Most companies like _______ qualified people. She is ; but she is looking for a job. ‘The company is a very good ______; people like working there. He has been an ____ of the university for several years first as a researcher, now as a lecturer. Many words are part of a word family, for example: to employ verb employment ‘noun employer / employee noun (person) employed / unemployed adjective Itis a good idea to learn words in a family at the same time 2 Use your dictionary and complete the other columns for each word. 3. Complete the sentences with words from the table. He worked hard to____ the information. ‘The ______in this class have very good study skills. My is mainly about short-term memory. You should _ im a quiet place so that you can focus. I worked on the team for two years asa 4) EERERMNEMIY Write down the words your teacher says, Write more words in their word families. Then write sentences using the words. weune Arye ee kee You need to know vocabulary in different ways. You need to be able to: ‘= read, recognize, and understand it instantly. listen, recognize, and understand it instantly. say, use, and pronounce it correctly and automaticaly, ‘= write, use, and spellit correctly and automaticaly ‘= know other words in the word family = 56 Unit 9 + Improving your memoryREVIEW. 1 ©9383 Listen to part of a lecture. Which diagram do you think is correct? Diagram | Diagram 2 Diagram 3 amount youremember amount youremember amount yourereber begining end” begining end” begining end 2 ©914 Listen and check your answer. 3 @©915 Listen and write the words. 4, Work with a partner. You say a word from exercise 3, and your partner says another word from the same word family. Change roles and practise more. 5. Complete the text below with the expressions in the box. You will need to use some expressions more than once. thecase forinstance example __give an example For my experiment about learning, | studied two students. In | the case of the first student, I found that he can remember faces very well. To 2 . after seeing someone for only a few seconds, he could recognize them easily from a picture. The second student is an?____ ofa person who can't. remember faces, but can remember numbers ~ 4 he can remember all the telephone numbers of his friends. Another § of his amazing memory is that he can remember fifteen numbers in a row, § 328957369238276. 6 @96 Listen and check your answers. 7 @917 Read and listen to the text below. Complete the tasks, then listen again and check. | will start by asking ‘what is the aim of memorization?’ then I will look at three key factors that can help anyone memorize information better you should take notes on the worksheet and | ‘will ask you to do some exercises please follow my instructions carefully at the end you can ask questions and then we will have group discussions, Add punctuation to the text. F Underline the key words and mark their stress. Find and mark the links between words. Mark the pauses. Practise sayin; aloud. Unit 9 + Improving your memory 5710 Staying healthy LISTENING SKILLS. Reviewing strategies SPEAKING SKILLS. Presentations (8) VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Describing things RESEARCH Bringingit ll together LISTENING Life begins at 40 1 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 1oje begins at 40, What do you think this expression means? Do you agree? 2. Is work more important for younger people or older people? 3. How do people of different ages benefit from exercise? 4 What can older people offer society? 2 @101 Listen to the introduction to a podcast about health and age. ‘The presenter is introducing the three speakers. Match the speakers with the topics they will talk about, 1. DrHornsey learning and age 2 Elisabeth Lodge _-b_health and age 3. Professor Martin ¢_ older people and work bi ‘Which types of listening did you use when you listened to the introduction? 4 You are going to listen to Dr Hornsey (speaker 1) talking about health and age. Before you listen, read the last part of her introduction and predict where the numbers go in the text. 39.000 1960 aon 65 2032 In Britain in | there were fewer than?____ people aged ® ‘or more, but now, in 4 there are about 5 and in 2036 there will probably be ® By 7 it is predicted that there will be a® increase in the number of people over the age of °_in the UK. 5 @102 Listen and complete the text with the numbers. Which strategy did ‘you use for this task? 6 Next, Dr Hornsey talks about four key things we can do to stay healthy all our lives. You are going to write down the four things. Which strategies will you use? 7 @103 Listen and write down the four key things Dr Hornsey mentions. Staying Healthy ' - 2 3 4 58 Unit 10 - Staying healthy Footballers Flying instructor Aerie Peron tue In this course you have practised many strategies to improve your listening, including predicting listening for gist listening for specificinformation | taking notes effectively listening for the main points and examples understanding new vocabulary 1 deciding who is speaking and the relationship between the speakers To become an active listener, decide which strategies to use when you listen. |8 Dr Hornsey includes more numbers in her talk. Look at the facts and predict the number for each fact. 81 fewerthan20% ISbillion 2200 5 intheir70s and 80s 2550 tuber of calories a teenage boy needs daly numberof calories a man needs daly 7. zi number of portions of fut and vegetables older people sould eat dally average age people lve tin Japan ages at which people still exercise in Japan percentage of people inthe UK over 65 who get the right amount of exercise numberof cigarettes sold worldwide dally umber of medical checkups you should have every year 9 @104 Decide which strategy you will use when you listen. Then listen and write the actual numbers. How many of your predictions were correct? 10 ©105 Next, Elisabeth Lodge (speaker 2) discusses her research. You are going to listen and complete her key ideas. Decide which strategy you will use. Then listen and complete the ideas. people over 65 offical retirement age ‘people who stayin work ‘stay inwork because teacher of 68 T @106 Professor Clayton Martin (speaker 3) talks about the brain, age, and learning, Listen and write one example that he gives for each main point. untrue things people believe about the brain and age | our memory gets worse ac we age good activities for the brain famous people who worked tl they were old careers which people change to when they are 50 12. Check the spelling and meaning of any new words in your answers to exercise 11 13 Lookat the sentences ftom the three conclusions given by the speakers. Match the conclusions with the speakers. 1 DrHomsey Life is for learning : ‘painting by Pablo Picasso 2 Elisabeth Lodge —-b Older people have 3. Professor Martin Don't leaveit too late. cour community. 14 ©107 Listen and check your answers. Unit 10 = Staying healthy 5SPEAKING Giving a conclusion : 1 Work with a partner. Use a dictionary to check the meanings of the words in the box, breakthrough discover treat germ surgery cancer antiseptic antibiotic 2 Work with a partner. Answer the questions. 1 What were some of the important medical discoveries in history? Why were they important? 2 Do you know of any famous doctors or scientists who worked in ine? What did they do? ‘Abu Bakr Mohammed. i Shi-Zhen Florence Nightingale Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) Rhazes Alexander Fleming 3. Read the notes about some famous people in the history of medicine. Discuss your ideas with a partner. Who do you think was most important? Why? ‘Abu Bakr Mohammad ibn Zakaria 865-925 wrote an encyclopaedia of medicine, ‘Al Tati’, used for 500 years; discovered the | atta aes) Raves difference between smallpox and measles; wot articles on lergis and fever | Li shizhen 'SIg-1593 wrote the most important book in radtionl Chinese medicine, inlding research on | botany, zoology, and mineralogy Florence Nightingale 120-1910 | changed the role of nursing, transformed tint a profession Marte Cure 1867-1954 | acovered acum sed or treating cancer ‘Alexander Fleming | L855 | discovered the rst antibiotic pencil, to fight infections 4 Read the Rule. Work with a partner. Cover the information in exercise 3. Ask questions to check the names of the famous people and what they did. RULE Questions Subject Object 1 Who changed the role of nursing? Florence Nightingale. = What did Florence Nightingale change? The role of nursing. = no auilary ~ auiliary (do/does/did) + base form ~ word orderis the same asthe answer = question word order changes ~ the answer isthe subject ofthe sentence ~ the answer's the object of the sentence 60 Unit 10 + Staying heathy5 @108 Read the expressions in the Language Bank, Listen to the conclusion toa presentation, Tick (v) the phrases in the Language Bank you hear. Which person is the conclusion about? LANGUAGE BANK Conclusions Giving a conclusion To sum up, | think that this shows Inconclusion, 1 think we can see that Thanks for listening. oes anyone have any questions? Thank you for listening. Lam happy to answer any questions. 6 Work with a partner. Choose another person from exercise 3 and write a short conclusion. Then practise giving your conclusion, 7 Read the conclusion below. Match the underlined parts 1-4 with points a-e in the Study Skill box. Which points are not included? In conclusion, ‘this woman is one of the most important people in the history of medicine for the two reasons presented here, First, “she completely changed the role of nurses. Secondly, she worked hard in very difficult places. I think we can see that she is a true role model “Thank you for listening. We have five more minutes so “Lam happy to answer any questions. Bee) ‘The end of a presentation should be as strong as the introduction and the ‘main part. n your conclusion you should remind people of your main points bb give your opinion, or recommendation thank the audience for listening d take questions maybe include a memorable phrase eg ‘Remember, lif is for learning! Do not add in new points in your conclusion. a 8 Work with a partner. Practise giving the conclusion in exercise 7. Unit 10 = Staying healthy 6VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Describing objects 1) EEREMUTALITN Put the words in the box into the correct column of the table, Add more words. [wood expense paper square mater short plastic big cheap | medium-sized dark black metal blue long small round light | Been had Its hard to speak f you don't know the vocabulary for objects you want to talk about. However, you don't have to stop speaking, Use other ways of describing the thing you want to talk about. = It’slikea..., but bigger. = It’smade of. = You use itfor... + ng. a Y 1 It’s [shope/colour/sire/price}. 2 ©1039 Listen to six people describing objects a-f. Which object is each / person describing? / { 1 Le CJ a 5 a Spee 6 3 Work with a partner. Describe the pictures to each other. Which one is your partner describing? 4 Work with a partner. Take turns to choose an object you can see and describe it, Listen and guess what your partner is describing. Aira ey RESEARCH Bringing it all together ea Alec ug 1 EEEEMINETING You are going to give a full presentation on an important person from the history of medicine. Follow the steps in the Study Skills box to complete your presentation. Tick (V) when you finish each part. Follow these steps to plan and prepare a presentation: 1 choose your research focus. 2 2. Work in groups. Give your presentation. While you listen to the other decide on two main points. presentations, make notes of facts and also note down your opinion. Use a 3 prepare and organize the body of the ‘mind map, bullet points, ora table to focus your notes. | presentation | | 4: plan an introduction introducing the two main points. | plan a conclusion, | 4. Work in a group. Discuss which person is the most important, and then vote | 6 practise the presentation. onit. 3 Review your notes on all the presentations. Decide who you think is the most important person in the history of medicine. 62 Unit 10 + Staying healthyREVIEW 1. Complete the table with the words in the box. treatment treated untreated to treat toinjure injured uninjured — injury todiagnose diagnosed diagnosis undiagnosed bandage tobandage bandaged hospital tohosptalze 2 Work with a partner. Choose a word from the table in exercise 1. Describe it and ask your partner to guess the word. Then change roles. 3 @1010 Read the answers to some questions. Then listen to the subject and object questions. Circlo the part of each sentence that is the answer to the question. 1 Marie Curie discovered radium. 2 Fleming discovered the first antibiotic. 3. LiShi-Zhen wrote the most important book in traditional Chinese medicine. 4. Florence Nightingale changed the role of nurses. 5. Rhazes wrote an encyclopaedia of medicine. 4 Read a conclusion about life expectancy for children born today. Complete the conclusion using four of the expressions in the box. Does anyone have any questions? Thank ou for stening {am happy to answer ary questions. Thanks for stening I think we can se that. Tosumup, I think that this shows. In conclusion, i people are living much longer nowadays. ? children born today will probably live happy, healthy lives past the age of 100. 3 ‘We have five minutes left so ¢ 5. Work with a partner, Practise saying the conclusion, 60 70 80 90 100 => Unit 10 + Staying healthy 63AUDIO SCRIPTS UNIT @u 1 Right, everyone, open your books at page 28 - no, sorry, 38, 2. You have 15 minutes to complete the exercise and then we'll go through the answers 3 Working with the person sitting next to you, read the text about the invention of computers and answer the questions. If you have any problems, put your hand up. en AO = Admin officer $= Student AO Hello, How can {help you? '§ 'ma new student here. Id like some information, please. ‘AO What do you need to know? 'S Well, my name’ Laila Suhail and I need to know my student identification number. ‘AO Laila Suhail, Suhail. yes, here itis, SC8831219. § Can you repeat that, please? ‘AO Certainly. SC-883-12-19. Anything else? § Yes, Can you tel me the room I should go to? 'm doing Computer Studies. AO You need to.go to room F24 § Sorry, did you say F242 AO Yes, it’s F24 § ‘Thank you. There just one more thing. Can you tell me the computer studies course code, please? AO Yes, i’ Infotech 304. $ Can you spell that for me? AO_E-N-F-O-T-E-C-H-three ~ zero ~ four, S Thanks! OB 1 Right, Ihave some announcements to make, so listen carefully. The college bookshop is now open, so you need to 40 there to collect your books. Is closed all day tomorrow, 30 T suggest you go today, before 6p.m, Dont forget to take your book list. 2 Next, the college needs to have your mobile phone number, so all students need to give it to their department secretary. Please do that today if possible - we may need to contact you about changes to the timetable. 3 Finally, don't forget there are two lectures this afternoon, Dr Lewis will talk about how college life is diferent from school life and I will give a talk about how to use the new computer, programme that we've put in the library. Both of them start at three. You can choose which one you come to. Both lectures will be repeated on Wednesday. eu 1 Hello, I'm Dr Lewis. I hope you're enjoying your first week at college. 'm going to talk about the student contract and ‘what we expect from you at college. You know, college is very different from school. Here at college, we expect a lot more from you. 64 Audio scripts 2 Firstly, at school you had homework, but at college we expect, ‘you to work on your own, to work independently. That ‘means you need to learn how to use the library. We expect you to read books, check information using the Internet, ask questions, and find out the answers yourself. 3 Another difference is we expect high-quality work from you ‘We want you to show us that you area serious student, that you really care about your work. We expect you to work hard at al times, not just enough to pass your exams. 4 Finally, here at college, you are an adult, and we treat you as an adult. You are not school pupils any more, We expect you to be realy interested in your subject, to behave wel, and to arrive on time for lectures. We also expect you to hand in your work on time. O15 1A Whats your English teacher's name? B Mr Price. 2. A Which room is the English class in? B Itsin room D4, 3A Could you tell me where the cafeteria is? B Itsnext to the library. 4A What’ your ID number? B its is 45772, @16 AO = Admin officer $= Student S$ Good morning, Can you give me some information, please? AO Good morning! Yes, of course. What would you like to know? $ Wall, first of al, whats my ID number? My name is Maria Sanchez Gonzaler ‘AO Let me see ... I HS 45772. I think you should write it down. § OK, H945773.s that right? AO No, its not 773, ts 772, $ Oh, thanks .. and which room isthe English class in? ‘AO Let me check ... here it is. its in room D4. $ Sorry, did you say ‘D4’? ‘AO Yes, that’s right. Anything else? § Yes, please. What's my English teacher's name? ‘AO Its Mr Price 'S Can you spell that, please? AO Yes, -R-I-C-E. § Sorry, can you repeat that, please? AO P-R-1-C-E. $ Thanks, and one last thing. Could you tll me where the cafeteria is? AO Next to the library. $ Thank you very much for your help. AO Not atall, Have anice day!Ou ‘Can you spell that, please? ‘Can you repeat that, please? Can you say that again, please? Did you say ‘three’? 1 2 3 4 5 Isthis right? 6 Yes, that’ right 7 No, its ‘seven’ not ‘eight’ 8. No, that’s not right. 9 Tm afraid that’s wrong. O18 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz @19 AO=Admin officer § = Student AO Please take note of this information, everyone. The teacher for Business 151 is Ms Davidson, Thats D = AV -1-D= S-O-N. $1 Excuse me - can you repeat that, please? AO Yes, of course. D - A~ V -1-D-S~O-N. Now, the ‘Maths course, Maths 177, is taught by two teachers, Mr ‘Monaghan and Mrs Roberts. S2.Can you spell the ist one, please? AO Yes its M-O-N-A-G-H-A-N. SI Did you say ]- H- A-N? AO No its Got J. And Mrs Roberts $3 Isthat R-O-B-E-R-T-S? ‘AO Yes, that’s right. So ... where are we, Business, Maths ... OK. Lastly, the teacher for English 163 is Miss Taylor. Thats T-A-Y-L-O-R $2 Can you say that again, please? 4O YesitsT-A-Y-L-O-R O10 4 Ti like you to work with a partner now, Look at the statements on page 32 and discuss your opinions. In five ‘minutes time, I will ask some of you to report back to the class. You've done a great job on researching and presenting your ideas here. I can see you've worked well as a group and that you shared the tasks well. For next time, it would be a good ‘dea to collect all your references together at the end. Its very easy to register for courses, Fill in this form and. bring it back completed to this desk anytime, along with two photos. We can then give you your student ID card. Here’ the reference section - we have some excellent books here in the library for project work. You cant borrow these, bat you can take them into the research rooms over there ~ ‘many students find these useful for group-based projects. You can discuss and plan your project there, and ask me for help if you need it. em AO = Admin officer S = Student AO Hi. Can Thelp you? $ Yes, Tima Ist Year student here and Tike to register for the summer courses. My tutor told me to come here to Admin to do this. AO OK. Wel, to register for the summer courses you need to complete this form. We can go through it together. Can you jive me your name, please? Sarah Marly. ‘AO Is that SARAH or without the H? S With the H. ‘AO. What’ your date of birth? S The ninth of March, 1992. ‘AO_ And are you studying full-time or part-time at present? § Tima part-time student AO. Do you know your ID number? ST 69001 you repeat that, please? S Yes, it’s ST 69001. ‘AO Thanks. Do you know your course codes? Yes, Maths is MAT 8872. AO M-A-T-8-7-7-2, S.No, that’s not right. I's 8~ 8-7-2. ‘AO Sorry, MAT 8872. And your English code? S _LAN3778. AO L-A-N-3-7-7~8 Is that right? S. Yes, thats correct. AO OK, I just need a couple of contact details. Is your email address the college one? Yes, that’ right ~ [email protected] ‘AO What's your mobile number? S 07813425 561. ‘AO Could you repeat that, please? S_ Yes, it 07813 425 561. ‘AO OK, that’ all need. You'll get an email in couple of days. UNIT 2 @u Good morning everyone, and welcome to this seminar. 'm Jenny Porter. 'm your tutor for the Business course. I think I remember al six of you from the interviews ... Kaoru, Ahmed, Arzu, David, Jane... right? Maha starting tomorrow. Now, in «seminar the idea is that we discuss things together - don't be shy, speak up! I want everyone to feel comfortable and relaxed. @22 K=Kaoru T=Tutor A= Ahmed D=David K havea question. How are we assessed? Is ital exams? T No, Kaoru there are many diferent ways that we assess you assignments, tests, projects essays, and exams too, so its continuous assessment. K OK, thank you ‘A When do we do independent work? Don't we have classes or lectures most ofthe time? T No, Ahmed, you only have ten hours of lectures every week, ‘and one seminar every week. The rest of the time you can do independent work D Erm, when do we have free time? Will we be working all the time? T No, dont worry, David, it8 not all work! You need to learn time management, This means planning your time well so ‘you can do all your work and have some time off. D Thank you, Audio scripts 65@23 ‘T=Tutor D=David AR=Armu A= Ahmed T Any more questions? D Yes. Do we have to buy any books? T Yes, you have to buy some business textbooks ~ I'll give you a list in a minute, Yes, Arau? [AR Who do I ask if [need help with my independent work? T When you're studying, you can help each other, and you can ask the librarian for help with research, You can also speak to me every week in the seminar. A When we work in a group, can we choose who we work. with? T Yes, sometimes you can choose. But we also expect you to work with different people, just like in the real business world. OK, now here is your book list... O24 1 When do we start the project? 2. What time do we come to class? 3 How often do we have exams? 4 Where do we get our grades? O25 M=Maha L= Kaoru M So, what did Jenny say? K She talked about the business course, There are many kinds of assessments such as projects and assignments, and we have them all through the course ... we should check the college website to find out what we have to do. We have ten lectures and a seminar every week ~ the ret of the time we work independently. We need to plan our time so that we can do everything and still have some free time ... ~ she called it'time management’ ~ oh, and we need to buy some books ~here’s the booklist 'M Thanks Kaoru, that’s very helpful @2.6 1 How often do you have lectures? 2 When do you do independent work? 3 What do you do every day? 4 Where do you do independent work? 5 Where do you have tutorials? @217 1 Where do you study? 2 Do you get up early? 3 What do you study? 4 Do you goto the gym? 5 When do you goto the gym? 6 Do you study at night? 66 Audio scripts O28 Hi everyone. I think we're ready to start. My name is Mark. [Let me just check your names... we have Hassan, Paul, Sara, Sharon, Louis and Julia. Right? Good, OK, so welll tart by looking atthe short assignment I gave you last week. Then well spend most of today’s session going over this week’ lectures. In the last few minutes today I'll give you instructions for the next assignment which is due in next week. @219 So, first you need to decide on your focus for the assignment. ‘Then it would be a good idea to divide up the research tasks in your group. Discuss your notes together once you have completed your research. When you've done that, you need to individually write up your reports. Make sure you stay under the 1,500-word limit, Submit the assignments to me by ten cklock on Tuesday, but before that, one of you should collect all the assignments together, and put them in a folder with your ‘group's name on it. OK ... any questions? UNIT3 @31 Part 1 Hello, 'm Dr Andrew Smith, professor of Environmental Studies at Braunton University. Today T'm here to talk about a global event called Earth Hour ~ I'm sure some of you have heard of it, right? Well, the global success of Earth Hour shows that ordinary people all over the world really want to stop pollution - by ordinary people, I mean people like you and me. For those of you who dont know let me tell you a little bit about Earth Hour before | explain why I think itis such an important event. @32 Part 2 Earth Hour started in Sydney, Australia in 2007. The plan was to use less electricity, to reduce carbon emissions. The idea of Earth Hour was simple, Just turn off your lights for an hour. The idea worked. Over? million people in Sydney turned off their lights for one whole hour on the evening of March 31st and sat inthe dark. It was an incredible sight ~ dark strets everywhere! Part And it didnt stop there. In 2008, oily one year aftr it started, 50 million people in 35 countries switched off their lights for an hour. In 2009, hundreds of millions of people switched off in over 4,000 cities, In 2010, there were 126 countries involved, all around the world, Imagine that, all those people switching off their lights and siting in the dark, talking, laughing... it was wonderful Part 4 Why is it growing so fast? Well, because of the media, the papers, television, the Internet! Without publicity in the media, people won't join in, Nobody wants tobe the only one sitting inthe dark! Earth Hour had realy great publicity. Inthe world’s newspapers and on television there were pictures of famous buildingsgoing dark ~ 1 remember seeing Big Ben in London, and the tallest tower in Dubai with its lights off. Earth Hour was. also on the internet and the radio ~ everyone was talking about itPart 5 But why isit important? Its only one hour a year, after all! Well, it's important because it unites people and makes them think. For that one hour, millions of people are working together to help stop pollution. So this year I will certainly turn off my lights during Earth Hour, and my TV, computer, and everything. else too. I hope you will too, ‘Thank you for listening ~ now I can see that alot of you have questions ~ we have fifteen minutes before . @33 Part 2 arth Hour started in Sydney, Australia in 2007. The plan was to.use less electricity, to reduce carbon emissions. The idea of Earth Hour was simple. Just turn off yout lights for an hour, The idea worked. Over 2 million people in Sydney turned off their lights for one whole hour on the evening of March 31st and sat in the dark. It was an incredible sight ~ dark streets everywhere! Part 3 [And it didnt stop there. In 2008, only one year after it started 50 million people in 35 countries switched off thei lights for an hour. In 2009, hundreds of millions of people switched off in ‘over 4,000 cities. In 2010, there were 126 countries involved, all around the world, Imagine that, ll those people switching off their lights and sitting inthe dark, talking, laughing... it was wonderfull @34 Right, erm, to summarize, Earth Hour started in Australia — in Sydney in Australia ~ in 2006. Lots of people in Sydney turned. their lights off for one hour to save electricity. Earth Hour has grown very fast and its now a global event. The first year about two million people turned off their lights - I think that's right ~ and then every year more and more people joined in ss» there were over 4,000 cities involved in 2008 ... and in 2010 there were 126 countries. Basically, I think Earth Hour isa very important event because it shows that ordinary people can make a difference. O35 ‘When I was in China last year doing research on the environment, you know one ofthe most interesting things for ‘me was seeing so many people on bicycles. In China, the bieycle is the main mode of transport for ordinary people. [looked Lup some numbers, some statistics - did you know there are probably about 800 million bicycles ~ 800 million = in China! In thousands of towns, hundreds of cities, and in the countryside 00, millions of Chinese people travel to work by bike every day. 1 saw a bike park - like a car park, but for bicycles - with about thirty thousand bikes in it ~ can you imagine trying to find your bike in that? ss as ke O36 1. There are millions of types of plants and animals on Earth today. 2 There are over 4 million types of inset. 3. The Earth has thousands of types of birds. 4 The Barth has over five thousand types of mammal. O37 ‘There are about thirteen. It has around sixteen. ‘They have nearly seventy They have nineteen, ‘There are more than sixty Ithas fewer than fity Ithas almost eighteen, 8 There are under fifty. O38 Hello everyone. Today's session isthe second of our lectures focusing on organizations and the environment. This week we're looking at the World Wide Fund for Nature, the WWE, one of the leading international groups working for the environment. A key area of the WWI's work is in biodiversity Stop and think for a moment - think of all the different types, of plants and animals in the world, the different flowers, trees, animals... this is biodiversity. Biodiversity can be badly affected by humans and the damage we do to the environment, @39 ‘The WWF has two main areas of focus. Firstly, the WWE focuses on key places in the world and works towards protecting these. At present, there are 35 ofthese key places, all very, very important for conserving biodiversity. These places have many forms of lite, and also different types of life from anywhere else in the world. A good example of such a place is. the Mediterranean region. ‘The WWF's second focus is on protecting very important plants or animals. These animals or plants could be very important in the environment they live in, for example providing food for other animals. Or these plants and animals could be very important for humans... people like you or me. They could be important perhaps for the business of the local community, or for the health of people in general © 310 Let's look ina little more detail now at the Mediterranean region, one of the key areas identified by the WWF for protection. One of the major dangers to the region is tourism. At present, around 220 million people visit the Mediterranean cach year. This number, however, is increasing all the time and over the next 20 years, there will bea very big increase, with the number rising to 350 million a year. Many Mediterranean coasts have been very badly damaged already. The coastline of the European Mediterranean is about 46,000km long, and of that 46,000km, more than half now has buildings on. The WWF is working hard to protect the Mediterranean region for the future and at present it has four projects in the region. ‘They are in Croatia, Tunisia, Libya, and Turkey, and they are aimed at protecting the environment and wildlife there. The WWF organization, as you can see, has developed and grown, tremendously since 1961, the year the organization started. Audio scripts 61@3n 4 4 million people ’b 9,000 plants 350 projects 5 million cars 2,725 flowers 392 bicycles 76 million trees UNIT 4 @4 Wel, students, oday we have invited two experts to discuss what our homes will be like in the future. To discuss this topic, ‘we have Professor Abdin, originally from Jordan, who teaches architecture at Bell State University, in the United States and Carla Martinez, the well-known Spanish architect who has won many awards for her designs. O42 T=Interviewer PA Professor Abin C= Carla I. So, Professor Abdin, what do you think houses and apartments will be like in, ooh, let’s say the year 2050? PA" This is an intresting question. If you go to Pompei in Italy you can see what a Roman town looked like 2,000 years ago surprisingly, youll find the houses look quite modern ‘The design of houses hasn't changed much in thousands of years but inthe future, because of new building materials a growing population, and environmental problems, they are ‘going to be very different. 1 OK so lets start with new building materials Carla? How will new materials change the way we Build houses? © Yes, agree with Profesor Abdin about the need for buildings to change. I think that houses are going tobe easier and cheaper to build because they will use new man-made materials Since the 1930s, we have seen that man-made materials like plastic, ste, and glass have become more and more popular with architects. Architects in the yeat 2050 are going to have materials that are easy to use, strong, light, and cheap. PA Tagree. I Good ... now, moving on. The population is growing ~ what difference will that make to the design of homes? Carla? C Well, it will make a very big difference. We will need a lot more homes. The United Nations predicts a rise of about 2.5 billion people by the year 2050, so over 9 billion people are going t need homes! A" Thats right And another point, Those houses ae going to have small rooms so that more people can live in each home ‘A lot of the growing population will be poor, and land to build on is becoming more expensive. I. Right. Now finally, Professor Abdin, you said that environmental problems will affect the design of buildings. PA. Yes, I think that all buildings will have solar panels to provide electricity .. did you know, the Earth gets enough Energy from the sun in one hour to produce electricity for the whole world for one year? We must use some of that energy » it would be crazy to waste it 68 Audio scripts I. Thank you, Professor Abdin and Carla Martinez. Now, for questions . O43 1 The design of houses hasnt changed much in thousands of ‘years, but in the Future, because of new building materials, a growing population, and environmental problems, they are going to be very different. 2 [think that houses are going to be easier and cheaper to build because they will use new man-made materials. 3 ‘The United Nations predicts a rise of about 2.5 billion people by the year 2050, so over 9 billion people are going to need homes 4. Those houses are going to have small rooms so that more people can live in each home. 5 [think that all buildings will have solar panels to provide electricity. @44 1 Tlove using technology, so I prefer a hi-tech campus 2 Ilike a quiet campus, because I don't like too many people around. 3 like being close to nature, so [like a green campus. 4. Iget lost very easily, so I need a small campus. 5. Ilike busy places with lots to do, so I don't like a quiet campus, 6 {prefer a central campus, because I don't have my ov car. @45 1 Tove using technology 2 Tike a quiet campus 3 [like being close to nature 4. [get lost very easily 5 [like busy places with lts to do 6 I prefer a central campus... @46 1 attend a presentation 2 givea summary get information havea break «atin the cafeteria, research a topic givean answer ask a questionOar Hi everyone. 'm Matthew Evans from the university department of Architecture and Design. 'm here today as part of the series of Career Talks to guide you in choosing your ‘courses for next year, Nice to see so many people here today. So, why choose architecture? Well let’ start with some facts about studying architecture. The first thing is that we get many different types of people on the architecture course, but every single successful graduate is an imaginative and also a practical person. Secondly, all our students have a love of and a commitment to learning. Another important fact is that studying architecture doesnt have to lead to a career in architectures it can also lead to careers in many different professional areas. The last fact I'l talk about today is that as an architecture graduate, you can work pretty much anywhere in the world. O48 T'm from China. I study at DTU, the Design and Technology University. 'm studying architecture and my courses include Design, Computer Graphics, Physics, Maths and, of course, English @49 loved designing buildings when I was a child so I decided to follow this love and choose architecture as my degree subject. My childhood drawing books were full of pictures of, houses. 'm also very interested in the environment and I want to use my architecture studies to design buildings that are environmentally-friendly and green, Tm doing several courses, including Design, Computer Graphics, Maths and Physics. [have no choice about this. ‘There are some courses which you have to do if you want to be an architect. There is no choice. l chose to do English, because I have to write my assignments and projects in English. Also, our projects have a lot of group work ~ all in English, of course! Also, when I graduate, the language of the international workplace is English, so that’s why I'm studying it! UNITS @51 Hello, My name is Gina and I'm the College Counsellor. ‘Today I want to talk to you about becoming good learners, or better learners. Let me explain what I mean by a good learner. Please make notes if you like, and ask questions if you don't understand, OK? To become a good learner, first you need to understand how you learn best ~ this is called your ‘learning style, and that’s my topic for today. In this lecture I'm going to focus on three learning styles. OK, the first one well ook at is called auditory. That’ A-U-D-I-T-O-R-Y - auditory. So there’ auditory. There’ visual, that’s V-I-S-U-A-L - visual, and finally, there’ tactile that’ T-A-C-T-L-L-E, Has everybody got those names? Now, let me tell you a little more about each of these learning styles and give you some examples. @52 It clear that we are all different, and we learn differently Let me tell you about my family. In my family we have three different learning styles. My learning style is auditory. That means I like to learn by listening... for example, if L want to learn how to use a computer, I want someone to explain it to me =I want to hear it! ‘Then there's my son Eric ... he isa visual learner, so he likes to see things to help him learn. For example, if he wants to learn how to use a computer, he likes to read an instruction book. He likes diagrams and illustrations. Then the third type of earner is the tactile learner. This type of learner likes to try things out ‘My daughter Lily isa tactile learner, so she learns how to use a computer by going’ hands on, and sitting at the computer and trying out different things. So, there are three basic types of learners - auditory, visual, and tactile. You are all probably one of these types. @53 Now, let's find out which type of learner you are. 'm going to read you 12 statements, You have to listen and then decide if you agree or disagree with each one. Ifyou agree, write A Ifyou disagree, write D. If you're not sure, write a question mark. OK, s0 A for Agree, D for Disagree and a question mark for not sure Does everyone understand? OK. Let’ begin, Remember, A for agree, D for disagree, and a question mark if you are not sure Number 1. It is important to study quietly ~ A, D, or a question mark. It is important to study quietly Number 2. You're good at spelling - A, D, or a question mark. You are good at spelling, Number ‘You dream in colour you dream in colour, ‘Number 4. You like to get information from charts... you like to get information from charts Number 5. You're good at explaining things ... you are good at explaining things ‘Number 6. You're good at earning languages ... you are good at learning languages. Number 7. You read slowly ... you read slowly Number 8. You like to give presentations .. you like to give presentations. Number 9. You take a lot of breaks when you are studying, you take a lot of breaks when you are studying. Number 10, You like working in a science lab ‘working in a science lab. Number 11. You're good at sports ‘Number 12, You like making things with your hands, ‘making things with your hands. OK? Now we will find out if you are an auditory, visual, or tactile learner. @s4 So, now, to find out your score... you get three points for each ‘A answer, 2 points fora question mark, and 1 point for aD answer. You have three totals, one total for questions 1 to 4, one total for questions 5 to 8, and the last total for questions 9 to 12. you like you are good at sports you like Audio scripts 65O55 ‘Now the point of the exercise we've just done isto for you to find out which type of learner you are so you can study in the ‘way that suits your learning style. So let find out what you are. The first total is for visual learning, the second total is for ‘auditory learning, and so the final total is for tactile learning, Your highest total shows which is your learning style. You may find that you are a mixture of two or more, but usually stronger O56 Visual learners need to see things. Good learning activities for them are things like using diagrams, drawing pictures. They should also take lots of notes, and use different colour pens to ‘organize their work, Auditory learners need to learn by listening, so good learning activities for them are listening to documentaries or other radio programmes. They should try recording lectures and they can also record their own notes after they've made them. Talking in groups is another good way to learn. Finally tactile learners need activities with movement, activities which use their hands. They like doing practical classes and {going on trips. They should try doing role-plays in class, and also making models. @57 1A Do you know, I really think that a good education is more important than money. B Yes, I agree with you. A good education lasts a lifetime, bbut money only lasts until you spend it! 2A Iknow lots of people dont agree, but I think mobile pphones should be banned in restaurants. B I really don't agree. Ifyou use it quietly then it no problem. 3A Today, we were talking about starting school. In my opinion, children should start school at the age of four ‘They will have more time to learn to read and write B Thats a good point, but I still think its too young. @58 ‘Welcome to today’s presentation on learning and intelligence. In this session we're going to explore the theory of multiple intelligences. This isthe theory that there are different forms of, intelligence, and different people are stronger at different ones, ‘Originally, the theory contained seven different intelligences bbut now there are eight, which well discuss today. However, intelligence number nine has been suggested by Howard Gardner, a Professor at Harvard Graduate School of Education who created this theory. 70 Audio scripts @59 So now I'l give you a very short overview of the eight intelligences. ‘The first intelligence on our lst i linguistic intelligence, Linguistic intelligence isthe ability to learn languages and to use spoken and writen language well. Next we have mathematical intelligence. This means analyzing problems and thinking logically. Mathematical intelligence also means being able to see patterns and to solve problems mathematically. Number three is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. This, intelligence means being able to use your mind to control and use your body very well, like a footballer who can kick a football very accurately. Spatial intelligence is next. Spatial intelligence is being able to see, use, and make decisions about space and distance, like an architect does. The next intelligence on the list is musical intelligence. Ifyou can recognize, compose, and perform music well, you have strong musical intelligence. ‘The next two have similar names ~ we have interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. Interpersonal intelligence is having. ‘a good understanding of other people and being able to work well in groups, while intrapersonal intelligence is understanding yourself well, knowing what your feelings are and how to control yourself The final intelligence on our list is naturalist intelligence. This is being good at recognizing and naming things in the environment. So to recap, the eight intelligences are: linguistic, mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal and, finally, naturalist. UNIT 6 O61 Bicycle ambulances consist of special two-wheeled trailers and a bicycle. They can transport two passengers, the patient and a family member to look after them, while someone else pedals the bike. I's a very simple idea using very simple technology, but itis really effective and is making a huge difference to many people’ lives! @62 ‘Wall, the bar code is a very simple digital code. It can be read ‘quickly and automatically by a machine - to be precise, a hand- held scanner. The scanner is small and easy to use. Before the bar code, the shop assistant had to ring up every tem in a supermarket shopping trolley by hand. It took a long time, and time is money! It also meant that the shop needed many assistants to serve the customers. Both these problems are solved in one quick sean!= Ada AL= R Hello, I'm Richard Johns, presenter of the University of Sedworth podcast for Design and Technology students. ‘This week, we set students the challenge of researching and writing a report on a simple piece of technology that has made a positive difference to the world. On today’s podcast wwe have the two winning students. They are here to describe and justify their choice of technology. So, e's turn now to Arda, Arda Soysal,a third year student majoring in Product Design. Hello and welcome to the programme, Arda AR Thank you. R So, Arda, tellus about your choice. AR Well, I chose a bicycle ambulance. These bicycle ambulances help solve a common but very serious problem in developing countries. How do you get someone to hospital ‘when they ar ill or injured? Hospitals are usualy quite far from the remote villages where people live, ambulances are expensive, and there are often no good roads for them. So someone had the clever idea of ‘bicycle ambulances. These consist of special two-wheeled trailers and a bicycle. They can transport two passengers, the patient and a fa ‘member to look after them, while someone else pedals the bike. Is a very simple idea using very simple technology, but itis realy effective and is making a huge difference to many people’ lives! R And how much do they cost? AR They cost around a hundred dollars each to manufacture. Bicycle ambulances last for years because they are very simple and strong,and easy to mend if anything breaks. They ate also very reliable. R So these bicycle ambulances make a big difference. Thanks very much, Arda, Now, let move on to the second winner, Alison Swift. Alison, can you tell us which technology you have chosen? ‘AL Well, the technology I chose is very different from Arda’, choice. We see it every day, on hundreds, thousands of objects. Of course, Im talking about the bar code. R The bar code ~ an interesting choice, Alison. Can you give ‘our listeners a brief history of this technology? AL Yes, of course, Well, the bar code is, in fact, quite modern, The first commercial use was in a supermarket in Ohio in 1974 and now it used by almost every supermarket globally R And why did you choose the bar code as the best piece of simple technology? AL Wel, the bar code is a very simple digital code. It can be read quickly and automatically by a machine ~ to be precise, a hand-held scanner. The scanner is small and easy to use. Before the bar code, the shop assistant had to ring up every item in a supermarket shopping trolley by hand. It took a long time, and time is money! It also meant that the shop needed many assistants to serve the customers. Both these problems are solved in one quick scan! R Soiit saves time and money for shops? ‘AL Yes, and the other big benefit for the shops is that stock ‘control is automatic. R What about the cost? AL Itsactually very cheap- you can create about twenty bar ‘codes for one US dollar. R So finaly, Alison, an you summarize why the bar code is the best piece of simple technology. AL Mainly because of its universal impact. We all go shopping, don't we? And as I said earlier, time is money. The bar code saves consumers, shop workers, and businesses time every day. In some shops, it even means customers can scan and check out their own items. Its simple, its cheap, it’s useful ~ think it's the best. O64 OK, thanks Arda and Alison. Ifs been very interesting to hear about the two different uses of technology and how these help people. But now its time for you, our listeners, to decide which better... bar codes or bicycle ambulances. The criteria are: impact on our lives, value for money, and usefulness. So which ‘of the two technologies has had the biggest impact on peoples lives? Which isthe best value for money? And which is the most useful? 6s ‘As you can see, there are many Internet users in the world now. The first figure shows the number of users in 2009 ~ approximately 1,800 million worldwide. This number is much bigger than the number of users in 2000 - 360 million. So, according to statistics the number of internet users in the world is growing quickly O66 1 We need to finda solution quickly. 2. The main problem we're facing is the number of people. 3. Together we can solve the problem. 4 Solar power could be an effective solution 5 We must start looking fora solution, @o7 Today I'm going to talk to you about modern fabrics. Inthe past, clothes were made from natural fabrics, for example cotton and wool, but now we have the technology to make new fabrics. b I'mhere today to discuss some modern breakthroughs in technology, for example space travel, electric cars, and the Internet, € The topic of my presentation isthe use of technology in agriculture, for example, how science helps farmers produce more food, and bigger, healthier animals. Sos Tm here today to talk about worldwide telephone use, and I would lke to start with this slide ‘Fixed phone lines in 2010: This slide shows us the percentage of populations around the world with fixed lines in 2010, that is to say, how many people in different parts of the world were still using telephones in their houses and offices in 2010. O69 According to statistics, Europe was by far the largest user of landlines in 2010, with 40% of the population having them. The second figure refers to the Americas, a group of developed and less developed countries. The overall figure for the Americas ‘was 28%, This percentage is then cut in half for Asia and the Pacific, which saw only 14% ofits population with fixed lines ‘The Arab countries came next with 9% and finally Africa, with only 1.5 percent of its population having fixed lines in 2010, Audio scripts 71® 610 ‘These bicycle ambulances help solve a common but very serious, problem in developing countries. How do you get someone to hospital when they are ill or injured? Hospitals are usually quite far from the remote villages where peopl live, ambulances are expensive, and there are often no good roads for them. UNIT7 On Good morning everyone, My name is Dr Harper, and I'ma lecturer from the Cultural Studies Department. My research area is how culture changes over time, particularly in relation to language. I'm going to talk to you about English as a global language. First of alll talk about the importance of learning English, and after that [ll look at the dangers of having a global, Janguage. Next, I'll talk about bilingualism - that is, people who speak two languages ~ and finaly, 'm going to discuss ‘communication issues. There wil be time for questions at the ‘end welll have about ten minutes, and we're going to have a tutorial together next week to deal with further questions en PB=Professor Birchill DH=DrHarper R= Roxanna PB OK, so is everyone here? Ronesh, Simon, Roxanna? OK, let’s get started. As you can see, my colleague Dr Harper, from the Cultural Studies Department, has very kindly agreed to participate in today’ tutorial as a follow-up to her lecture last week on Global English. Thank you very much for joining us, Dr Harper. DH Thank you, Professor Birchill. ts my pleasure tobe here. “Thanks for inviting me along to answer your questions. Now, let me just do a quick name check. You'te Ronesh, youre Simon, and you're ... Roxanna? R That’ right. OB 1 over 60 2 2 3 over 90 4 asmuch as 80 5 600 6 half 7. around one and a half billion 8 approximately 75 9 in the thousands @14 PB = Professor Birchill RON =Ronesh $= Simon DH=DrHarper ROX = Roxanna PB Right, lets get started. Now, Dr Harper, the students have some questions following your lecture on English as a global language. Ronesh, could you start? RON Yes, | was interested in English as the global language and wanted to ask you about the use of English as an academic language. How widely is it used? T Audio scripts DH_Well, approximately 75% of articles in international journal publications are written in English. And if you focus only on science, well, that percentage rises to over 90. So you can see if you want to do well in the academic context, you need to be able to communicate your ideas in English very well PB Simon, do you have a question? § Yes. Will the globalization of English lead to many other languages dying out? DH In my opinion, no. I don't think that this will happen. But that doesn't mean that alf languages will survive forever. Some languages will die out - this is natural. Infact, we think that thousands of languages have died out in the past. Look at Latin, for example ~ six hundred years ago all educated people in Europe read and understood Latin, but now where is this language? It died out long before English became a global language. § But {think you said that there are now around one and a half billion speakers of English, native and non-native. This number is large, and its growing. Does this mean that people will use their mother tongue less and less and, in the end, just use English? DH No, it means that more people will use wo or more languages. Over 60% of the world’s population is bilingual. think this number will continue to grow. RON | would like to ask you about the benefits ofthis globalization of English. In your opinion, what are the benefits of so many people now speaking English? DH Wel, it certainly helps communication, and, of course, it saves money. § Yes... I suppose that when people meet for business ‘meetings or conferences ~ they don't have to pay for translators DH Thats exactly right, Simon, At some meetings of international organizations half ofthe total budget can be spent on translation. Take the European Union as an example. It has 23 official languages. Most documents are written in English, French, and German, Just think of the cost of that. ROX Dr Harper, can [ ask a question? In the lecture, you said that air transport and modern technology have made a big difference to the rise of global English. Can you explain this point in more detail? DH Well, because of air transport, many business people from different countries now have nigetings face-to-face with other people who dorit speak their language. The language they communicate in is English. With regards to modern. technology, let’ take the Internet as our example. The internet means it is possible to ‘meet’ and communicate with people all over the world at any time, Again, the common language of communication is English, Statistics show that the amount of Internet content in English is as much as 80%. RON [have another question for Dr Harper@1s ‘a Definitely our parents. They are the people we are closest to, so they influence us the most b Festivals and holidays don't change. Well, maybe we get new cones, but the old ones always stay the same: ‘€ Parts of our culture will change because of the new culture ‘we are meeting. <4 Wall, language changes over the years It has to, because the world is changing, € Itgets stronger. It becomes more important to us because we are far from home. £ think we learn culture from the media ~ TV, the Internet, and so on. O16 Good morning. Thank you for coming. Today were going to examine the question, ‘What is culture?: Before I start my presentation, I'l give an outline of what I'm going to cover. First, Pm going to define what I mean by culture, Then I'll talk about my culture. Next, Pll discuss other cultures. Finally, I'll talk about common factors between different cultures. At the ‘end, well have time for questions. Ou 1 Some elements of American and European society are the 2 ‘The modern world is changing quickly 3 There are many young people in the Urdu-speaking community in Britain. O78 ‘Today's podcast is on the topic of multilingualism. This topic is becoming increasingly important in today’s society. So the question we will discuss today is just what does it mean to live {in a multilingual world? To discuss this question, with me today are Dr Hamad and Professor Johnson from Stockton University, ‘They study issues faced by multilingual communities and find solutions for particular problems. They recently published a book listing many of their solutions, a book I highly recommend if you want to learn more about multilingualism or you need to study this area for your own research, @19 15 three 26 24 a b © over 130 million a f around 2,000 @n0 R=Ronesh DH =Dr Harper R Yes, OK, but why is English the global language? Its not the most beautiful language and it has difficult spelling ... DH Well, beauty is very subjective and its true English spelling ‘can be a nightmare, but all languages are different and have their own difficulties - Japanese, spoken by over 130 million people, seems quite easy in some ways. For example, it has only afew vowel sounds, 15 consonant sounds and no articles. Compare this with English, which has many more vowel sounds, 24 consonant sounds, and three articles. However, Japanese has 3 diferent systems of writing, all of ‘which seem very difficult to an English speaker. At school, Japanese children have to learn around 2,000 kanji symbols for just one of the systems! How many letters are there in the English alphabet? Only 26 .. everyone always thinks that their language is the most difficult or best, but in fact children all over the world learn their language in about the same time at the same age and, it would seem, in the same way R Isee om Today I'm going to talk about language and culture, Before I start, I'll give an outline of the presentation. First, 'm going to talk about the importance of language. After that, I'll discuss culture, Finally, we'll look at some examples of the connection between language and culture. In next week’ tutorial well discuss some of the points in more detail UNIT 8 @ai J=Janet B= Brian J. Good morning listeners, and welcome to “Top 3: Today wwe are very happy to have Brian Davies, profesor of City Planning at Newland University, to talk about his top 3 cities. Welcome! B Thank you, Janet. Well, I found this an extremely difficult task. There are so many remarkable cities in the world, To help myself with this task, I decided to choose three different criteria I decided to choose one city that isthe best for history, or the past. My second city is, I think, the best to show change, so it’s best for the present. And my third city is the best for the environment, so it’s the best for the future ‘of our planet! So, with these as my criteria, I chose the three cities, So Iam going to talk about, frst, Rome, which, in my ‘opinion, is the best city for history. Then I'll discuss Dubai, which I think is the best for change, and finally, 'l talk about Copenhagen, which is the best city for the environment. so really languages are about the same in difficulty Audio scripts B14 @ 82 J = Janet B My first city is Rome, capital of Italy, and the best city, in my opinion, for history. ls population is about 27 mllion Its avery old city and there are stil alot of old buildings ~like the Colosseum, for example, which is almost 2,000 years old. ‘These buildings are important because they show us how people lived then. Nowadays, about 10 milion people visit Rome every year, many ofthem to see the historical ses Rome isa fascinating ct ‘My next choice is Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, with a growing population of around 2.2 milion, This city is the best to demonstrate change and development, Only about 60 years ago Dubai was just a small trading town. Now it isa thriving international commercial centre thas a new transport system ~ the metro ~ and many impresive new buildings, for example the Burj Khalifa, which opened in January 2010 and is 828 metres high! Dubal is working hard to develop one of its main resources - its people. Only 40 years ago the adult literacy level in Dubai was lower than 50%. Now itis over 80%, and most of Dubai’s university level teaching isin English My final choice, Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, isa city of about 1.7 million people, and for me it represents the best in terms of environmental responsibility Statistics show that isa truly green city. In Copenhagen, most people use public transport or bicycles — 20 % of all journeys are made on bicycles. The citys growing in fame for its green buildings. The ‘Green Lighthouse, part of the University of Copenhagen, is carbon neutral - that means it doesn’t cause any pollution. The city also provides ‘mote than 2,000 bicycles for visitors to use free - there is no charge at all. For the future of our planet, I think all cities need to copy Copenhagen, ‘So these are my top 3, I believe that from these cities we can learn about our past, our present, and our future. Ido hope the listeners get a chance to visit them one day! J. Thank you so much for being on our programme today, Brian, and for sharing some fascinating facts with our listeners. @83 a Rome, the capital of Italy, has a population of almost three million, Brian said that, in his opinion, its the best city for history. People first lived there thousands of years ago. There are still alot of old buildings from Roman times like the Colosseum, so we can see how people lived two thousand years ago. These buildings are really important because they show us how people lived inthe past. b He talked about Dubai. It is small, I think he said, and it is sixty years old. There are few roads - he said something, about transport. It has a tall tower ~ I can't remember the name, sorry — its 800 or 8,000 metres tall I think Brian said that Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark and has 1.7 million people. Ifs green, clean, and safe, for example, many people use publie transport there to go to work instead of using their car. The city also has 2,000 bicycles for visitors to.use for free. tsa very clean city. It has environmentally- friendly buildings such as the ‘Green Lighthouse: Brian says all cities should copy Copenhagen. ‘Audio scripts ©84 ‘A [think we should focus on Istanbul and Berlin for our presentation. Pm interested in the relationships between global cities and I've been researching something called ‘town twinning. B Whats town twinning? A Its when two towns or cities from different countries form 1 close relationship and call themselves ‘win towns. Its a relationship that can last for years or centuries even. Oh yes, think I have heard about that. Is it sometimes called ‘sister cities’? A Yes, that’ right. That’ the American term for ‘twin towns, B So Istanbul and Berlin are twin towns. A That’ right. B OK, so we can use that as the focus for our presentation, Oss Both Berlin and Istanbul are important world cities. They have been twin towns since 1989. If we compare their populations, ‘we can see that Istanbul is far bigger than Berlin. It has @ population of approximately 13 million, while Berlin has a population of 3.4 million. Istanbul also has far more visitors each year. Over 20 million visit annually, while Berlin receives around 7.5 million visitors. A comparison of the number of universities shows that Berlin doesn't have as many as Istanbul, but it has more hospitals. The figures for Berlin are 30 universities and 71 hospitals, compared with Istanbul, which has 44 universities and 49 hospitals. The ‘currency of Berlin is the euro and currently, in 2010, one euro is worth slightly less than two Turkish lira @86 Both Berlin and Istanbul are important world cities. They have been twin towns since 1989. If we compare their populations, wwe can see that Istanbul i far bigger than Berlin Istanbul also has far more visitors each year. A comparison of the number of universities shows that Berlin doesnt have as many as Istanbul, but it has more hospitals. The currency of Germany is the euro and, in 2010, one euro was worth slightly less than two Turkish lira. @a7 fa [ve got a research project on cities in Asia. 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