Michelle Obama

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January built his own house in South Carolina. He and his wife
17, 1964) is an American lawyer and writer who was First LaVaughn (ne Johnson) returned to the Low Country
Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is mar- after retirement.[7]
ried to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Among her maternal ancestors was her great-great-great-
Obama, and was the rst African-American First Lady.
grandmother, Melvinia Shields, a slave on Henry Walls
Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama Shields 200-acre farm in Clayton County, Georgia.
is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law Melvinias rst son, Dolphus T. Shields, was biracial
School, and spent her early legal career working at the law and born into slavery about 1860. Based on DNA and
rm Sidley Austin, where she met her husband. She sub- other evidence, in 2012 researchers said his father was
sequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Ser- likely 20-year-old Charles Marion Shields, son of her
vices at the University of Chicago and the Vice President master.[11] Melvinia did not talk to relatives about Dol-
for Community and External Aairs of the University of phus father.[12] Dolphus Shields moved to Birmingham,
Chicago Medical Center. Barack and Michelle married Alabama after the Civil War, and some of his children
in 1992 and have two daughters. migrated to Cleveland, Ohio and Chicago.[11]
Obama campaigned for her husbands presidential bid All four of her grandparents had multiracial ancestors,
throughout 2007 and 2008, delivering a keynote address reecting the complex history of the U.S., but her ex-
at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She re- tended family has said that people did not talk about the
turned to speak at the 2012 Democratic National Con- era of slavery when they were growing up.[11] Her dis-
vention, and again during the 2016 Democratic National tant ancestry includes Irish and other European roots.[13]
Convention in Philadelphia, where she delivered a speech In addition, a paternal rst cousin once-removed is the
in support of the Democratic Presidential nominee, and African-American Jewish Rabbi Capers Funnye, son of
fellow First Lady, Hillary Clinton.
her grandfathers sister.[14][15]
As First Lady, Obama became a fashion icon, a role Robinson grew up in a two-story bungalow on Euclid Av-
model for women, and an advocate for poverty awareness, enue in Chicagos South Shore community area. Her par-
nutrition, physical activity, and healthy eating.[1][2] ents rented a small apartment on the second oor from
her great-aunt, who lived downstairs.[4][16][17][18] She was
raised in what she describes as a conventional home,
1 Family and education with the mother at home, the father works, you have
dinner around the table.[19] Her elementary school was
See also: Michelle Robinson Obamas extended family down the street. They enjoyed playing games such as
Monopoly, reading, and frequently saw extended family
on both sides.[20] She played piano,[21] learning from her
great-aunt who was a piano teacher.[22] The Robinsons at-
1.1 Early life and ancestry tended services at nearby South Shore United Methodist
Church.[16] They used to vacation in a rustic cabin in
Michelle LaVaughn Robinson was born on January 17, White Cloud, Michigan.[16] She and her 21-month older
1964, in Chicago, Illinois, to Fraser Robinson III,[3] a city brother, Craig, skipped the second grade.[4][23]
water plant employee and Democratic precinct captain,
Her father suered from multiple sclerosis which had
and Marian Shields Robinson, a secretary at Spiegels cat-
a profound emotional eect on her as she was grow-
alog store.[4] Her mother was a full-time homemaker until
ing up. She was determined to stay out of trouble and
Michelle entered high school.[5]
be a good student, which was what her father wanted
The Robinson and Shields families trace their roots for her.[24] By sixth grade, Michelle joined a gifted
to pre-Civil War African Americans in the American class at Bryn Mawr Elementary School (later renamed
South.[3] On her fathers side, she is descended from the Bouchet Academy).[25] She attended Whitney Young
Gullah people of South Carolinas Low Country region.[6] High School,[26] Chicagos rst magnet high school, es-
Her paternal great-great grandfather, Jim Robinson, tablished as a selective enrollment school, where she
was a slave on Friendeld Plantation in South Car- was a classmate of Jesse Jackson's daughter Santita.[20]
olina,[7][8] the state where some of her paternal family The round-trip commute from the Robinsons South Side
still reside.[9][10] Her grandfather Fraser Robinson, Jr.

1
2 1 FAMILY AND EDUCATION

home to the Near West Side, where the school was lo- She majored in sociology and minored in African Ameri-
cated, took three hours.[27] She recalled being fearful of can studies, graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts
how others would perceive her, but disregarded any neg- in 1985.[4][45]
ativity around her and used it to fuel me, to keep me Robinson went on to earn her Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree
going.[28][29] She recalled experiencing gender discrim- from Harvard Law School in 1988.[46] By the time she ap-
ination growing up, saying, for example, that rather than plied for Harvard Law, biographer Bond wrote, her con-
asking her for her opinion on a given subject, people com- dence had grown; This time around, there was no doubt
monly tended to ask what her older brother thought.[30] in her mind that she had earned her place.[44] Her faculty
She was on the honor roll for four years, took advanced
mentor at Harvard Law was Charles Ogletree, who has
placement classes, was a member of the National Honor said that she had answered the question that had plagued
Society, and served as student council treasurer.[4] She
her throughout Princeton by the time she arrived at Har-
graduated in 1981 as the salutatorian of her class.[27] vard Law, of whether she would remain the product of her
parents or keep the identity she had acquired at Princeton,
believing that she concluded she could be both brilliant
1.2 Education and early career and black.[47] At Harvard she participated in demonstra-
tions advocating the hiring of professors who were mem-
She was inspired to follow her brother to Princeton Uni- bers of minorities[48] and worked for the Harvard Legal
versity,[5] where he graduated in 1983,[31] after which Aid Bureau, assisting low-income tenants with housing
he went on to become a basketball coach at Oregon cases.[49] She is the third First Lady with a postgraduate
State University and Brown University.[32] She recalls degree, after her two immediate predecessors, Hillary
that some of her teachers in high school tried to dissuade Clinton and Laura Bush.[50] She would later say her ed-
her from applying, that she had been told she was setting ucation gave her opportunities beyond what she had ever
my sights too high.[33][34] She believed that her brothers imagined.[51] In July 2008, she accepted the invitation to
status as an alumnus may have helped her during the ad- become an honorary member of the 100-year-old black
mission process,[35] but she was resolved to demonstrate sorority Alpha Kappa Alpha, which had no active under-
her own worthiness.[31] She acknowledges that she was graduate chapter at Princeton when she attended.[52]
overwhelmed when rst arriving in rst year, attributing
this to the fact that neither of her parents had gradu-
ated from college,[36] and that she had never spent time
on a college campus.[37] The mother of a white room-
1.3 Family life
mate reportedly unsuccessfully tried to get her daugh-
ter moved because of Michelles race. She recalls her Her father, Fraser C. Robinson III, died from complica-
time at Princeton being the rst time she was made more tions from his illness in March 1991.[53] She would later
aware of her ethnicity and that despite the willingness of say that although he was the hole in my heart and loss
her classmates and teachers to want to understand her, in my scar, the memory of her father has motivated her
she still felt like a visitor on campus.[38][39] I remem- each day since.[37] Her friend Suzanne Alele died from
ber being shocked, she says, by college students who cancer around this time as well, Obama later telling Katie
Couric that the loss made her think of her contributions
drove BMWs. I didn't even know parents who drove
BMWs.[27] toward society and how well she was inuencing the world
from her law rm. This was seen as a turning point for
While at Princeton, she got involved with the Third World Michelle.[54]
Center (now known as the Carl A. Fields Center), an
academic and cultural group that supported minority stu- Michelle met Barack Obama when they were among
dents, running their day care center, which also included the few African Americans at their law rm, Sidley
after school tutoring.[40] She challenged the teaching Austin LLP (she has sometimes said only two, although
methodology for French because she felt that it should be others have pointed[55]
out there were others in dierent
more conversational. [41]
As part of her requirements for departments), and she was assigned to mentor him
graduation, she wrote a thesis titled Princeton-Educated while he was a summer associate.[56] Their relationship
Blacks and the Black Community.[42][43] She researched started with a business lunch and then a community [57]
orga-
her thesis by sending a questionnaire to African American nization meeting where he rst impressed her.
graduates, requesting they specify when and how com- Before meeting Obama, Michelle had told her mother she
fortable they were with their race prior to their enrollment would focus solely on her career.[58] The couples rst
at Princeton and how they felt about it when they were date was to the Spike Lee movie Do the Right Thing.[59]
a student and since then. Of the 400 alumni to whom Barack Obama has opined that the two had an opposites
she sent the survey, fewer than 90 responded, and her attract scenario in their interest for each other initially
ndings did not support her hope that the black alumni since Michelle had stability through her two-parent home
would still identify with the African American commu- while he was adventurous.[60] They married in Octo-
nity, even though they had attended an elite university ber 1992,[57] and have two daughters, Malia Ann (born
with all of the advantages that accrues to its graduates.[44] 1998) and Natasha (known as Sasha, born 2001).[61]
1.4 Religion 3

Michelle Obamas mother, Marian Robinson was quoted Bush, Rosalynn Carter and Hillary Clinton about rais-
by Washington Post correspondent Peter Slevin in his ing children in the White House.[71] Marian Robinson,
book, Michelle Obama: A Life[62] in an interview with Michelles mother, has moved into the White House to
WTTW's Chicago Tonight in which Mrs Robinson ad- assist with child care.[73]
dressed the issue of race. She told the interviewer that
Barack Obamas mixed-race heritage did not worry her;
"'That didn't concern me as much as had he been com- 1.4 Religion
pletely white.[63]
After his election to the U.S. Senate, the Obama fam-
ily continued to live on Chicagos South Side, choosing
to remain there rather than moving to Washington, D.C.
Throughout her husbands 2008 campaign for US Pres-
ident, she made a commitment to be away overnight
only once a week to campaign only two days a week
and be home by the end of the second day for their two
daughters.[64]

The Obamas attend a church service in Washington, D.C., Jan-

uary 2013.

Michelle Obama was raised United Methodist and joined

the Trinity United Church of Christ, where she and
Barack Obama married, performed by Jeremiah Wright.
On May 31, 2008, Barack and Michelle Obama an-
nounced that they had withdrawn their membership in
Trinity United Church of Christ stating: Our relations
Ocial portrait by Pete Souza of the Obama family in the Oval with Trinity have been strained by the divisive statements
Oce, December 11, 2011. of Reverend Wright, which sharply conict with our own
views.[74]
She once requested that her then-anc meet her prospec- The Obama family has attended several dierent Protes-
tive boss, Valerie Jarrett, when considering her rst ca- tant churches since moving to Washington D.C. in 2009,
reer move;[19] Jarrett is now one of her husbands clos- including Shiloh Baptist Church and St. Johns Episco-
est advisors.[65][66] The marital relationship has had its pal Church. At the 49th African Methodist Episcopal
ebbs and ows; the combination of an evolving family Church's general conference, Michelle Obama encour-
life and beginning political career led to many arguments aged the attendees to advocate for political awareness,
about balancing work and family. Barack Obama wrote saying, To anyone who says that church is no place to
in his second book, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts talk about these issues, you tell them there is no place bet-
on Reclaiming the American Dream, that Tired and ter no place better, because ultimately, these are not just
stressed, we had little time for conversation, much less political issues they are moral issues, they're issues that
romance.[67] However, despite their family obligations have to do with human dignity and human potential, and
and careers, they continued to attempt to schedule date the future we want for our kids and our grandkids.[75]
nights while they lived in Chicago.[68]
The Obamas daughters attended the University of
Chicago Laboratory Schools, a private school.[69] As a 2 Career
member of the schools board, Michelle fought to main-
tain diversity in the school when other board members
connected with the University of Chicago tried to reserve Following law school, she was an associate at the Chicago
more slots for children of the university faculty. This re- oce of the law rm Sidley & Austin, where she rst met
sulted in a plan to expand the school.[5] Malia and Sasha her future husband. At the rm, she worked on marketing
now attend Sidwell Friends School in Washington, after and intellectual property.[4] She continues to hold her law
also considering Georgetown Day School.[70][71] Michelle license, but as she no longer needs it for her work, it has
stated in an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show that been on a voluntary inactive status since 1993.[76][77]
they do not intend to have any more children.[72] The In 1991, she held public sector positions in the Chicago
Obamas have received advice from past rst ladies Laura city government as an Assistant to the Mayor, and as As-
4 3 BARACK OBAMA POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS

sistant Commissioner of Planning and Development. In some new decorating ideas.[88][89] Obama opposed her
1993, she became Executive Director for the Chicago of- husbands run for the congressional seat, and, after his
ce of Public Allies, a non-prot organization encourag- defeat, she preferred he tend to the nancial needs of the
ing young people to work on social issues in nonprot family in what she deemed a more practical way.[90]
groups and government agencies.[26] She worked there
nearly four years and set fundraising records for the orga-
nization that still stood 12 years after she left.[20] 3.2 2008 Presidential campaign
In 1996, Obama served as the Associate Dean of Student
Services at the University of Chicago, where she devel-
oped the Universitys Community Service Center.[78] In
2002, she began working for the University of Chicago
Hospitals, rst as executive director for community af-
fairs and, beginning May 2005, as Vice President for
Community and External Aairs.[79]
She continued to hold the University of Chicago Hospi-
tals position during the primary campaign, but cut back
to part-time in order to spend time with her daughters
The Obamas st
as well as work for her husbands election;[80] she sub-
[81] bump upon his winning the Democratic nomination.
sequently took a leave of absence from her job. Ac-
cording to the couples 2006 income tax return, her salary
was $273,618 from the University of Chicago Hospitals,
while her husband had a salary of $157,082 from the
United States Senate. The Obamas total income, how-
ever, was $991,296, which included $51,200 she earned
as a member of the board of directors of TreeHouse
Foods, and investments and royalties from his books.[82]
Obama stated that she had never been happier in her life
prior to working to build Public Allies.[83]
The Obamas, with
Obama served as a salaried board member of TreeHouse Joe and Dr. Jill Biden, at the August 23, 2008 Vice
Foods, Inc. (NYSE: THS),[84] a major Wal-Mart sup- Presidential announcement in Springeld, Illinois.
plier with which she cut ties immediately after her hus-
band made comments critical of Wal-Mart at an AFL-
At rst, Obama had reservations about her husbands
CIO forum in Trenton, New Jersey, on May 14, 2007.[85]
presidential campaign, due to fears about a possible nega-
She also served on the board of directors of the Chicago
[86] tive eect on their daughters.[91] She says that she negoti-
Council on Global Aairs.
ated an agreement in which her husband was to quit smok-
ing in exchange for her support of his decision to run.[92]
About her role in her husbands presidential campaign she
3 Barack Obama political cam- has said: My job is not a senior adviser.[65][93][94] Dur-
ing the campaign, she has discussed race and education
paigns by using motherhood as a framework.[41]
In May 2007, three months after her husband declared
3.1 Early campaigns his presidential candidacy, Obama reduced her profes-
sional responsibilities by 80 percent to support his presi-
During an interview in 1996, Michelle Obama acknowl- dential campaign.[19] Early in the campaign, she had lim-
edged there was a strong possibility her husband would ited involvement in which she traveled to political events
begin a political career, but said she was wary of the only two days a week and rarely traveled overnight;[95] by
process due to it meaning that their lives would become early February 2008 her participation had increased sig-
an open book while she was private.[87] nicantly, attending thirty-three events in eight days.[66]
Although she has campaigned on her husbands behalf She made several campaign appearances with Oprah
since early in his political career by handshaking and Winfrey.[96][97] She wrote her own stump speeches for
fund-raising, she did not relish the activity at rst. When her husbands presidential campaign and generally spoke
she campaigned during her husbands 2000 run for United without notes.[27]
States House of Representatives, her boss at the Univer- During the campaign, some media labeled Michelle
sity of Chicago asked if there was any single thing about Obama as an "Angry Black Woman"[98][99][100] and some
campaigning that she enjoyed; after some thought, she web sites attempted to propagate this image,[101] prompt-
replied that visiting so many living rooms had given her ing her to respond: Barack and I have been in the public
3.3 2012 Presidential re-election campaign 5

eye for many years now, and we've developed a thick skin sister.[105] She delivered her speech, during which she
along the way. When you're out campaigning, there will sought to portray herself and her family as the embod-
always be criticism. I just take it in stride, and at the end iment of the American Dream.[106] Obama said she and
of the day, I know that it comes with the territory.[102] her husband believe that you work hard for what you
By the time of the 2008 Democratic National Conven- want in life, that your word is your bond, and you do
tion in August, media outlets observed that her pres- what you say you're going to do, that you treat people
ence on the campaign trail had grown softer than at the with dignity and respect, even if you don't know them,
start of the race, focusing on soliciting concerns and em- and even if you don't agree with them.[107] She also
emphasized loving her country, in response to criticism
pathizing with the audience rather than throwing down
challenges to them, and giving interviews to shows like for her previous statements about feeling proud of her
country for the rst time,[106][108][109] where the origi-
The View and publications like Ladies Home Journal
rather than appearing on news programs. The change was nal statement was seen as a gae.[110] That keynote ad-
dress was largely well-received and drew mostly positive
even reected in her fashion choices, wearing more infor-
mal clothes in place of her previous designer pieces.[88] reviews.[111] A Rasmussen Reports poll found that her fa-
The View appearance was partly intended to help soften vorability among Americans reached 55%.[112]
her public image,[98] and it was widely covered in the On an October 6, 2008 broadcast, Larry King asked
press.[103] Obama if the American electorate was past the Bradley
The presidential campaign was Obamas rst exposure eect. She stated that her husbands achievement of
to the national political scene; even before the eld of the nomination was a fairly strong indicator that it
[113]
Democratic candidates was narrowed to two, she was was. The same night she was interviewed by Jon
considered the least famous of the candidates spouses. [93] Stewart on The Daily Show where she deected criti-
Early in the campaign, she told anecdotes about the cism of her husband and his campaign.[114] On Fox News
Obama family life; however, as the press began to em- Americas Pulse, E. D. Hill referred to the st bump
phasize her sarcasm, she toned it down.[82][92] shared by the Obamas on the night that he clinched
the Democratic presidential nomination as a terrorist
New York Times op-ed columnist Maureen Dowd wrote: st jab"; Hill was taken o air and the show itself was
cancelled.[115][116][117]
I wince a bit when Michelle Obama chides
her husband as a mere mortal a comic rou-
tine that rests on the presumption that we see 3.3 2012 Presidential re-election campaign
him as a god ... But it may not be smart poli-
tics to mock him in a way that turns him from
the glam JFK into the mundane Gerald Ford,
toasting his own English mun. If all Senator
Obama is peddling is the Camelot mystique,
why debunk this mystique?[93][104]

Oprah Winfrey joins Obama (far right) celebrates with Jill Biden after their husbands
the Obamas on the campaign trail, December 10, 2007. win re-election.

Obama campaigned for her husbands re-election in

2012. Beginning in 2011, Obama became more polit-
ically active than she had been since the 2008 election,
though avoided discussions about the re-election bid.[118]
By the time of the election cycle, she had developed a
more open public image,[119][120] some viewing her as the
Obama speaks at the most popular member of the Obama administration,[121]
2008 Democratic convention. as her poll numbers having never dropped below 60%
since entering the White House[122] and an Obama se-
On the rst night of the 2008 Democratic National nior campaign ocial even dubbed her the most popular
Convention, Craig Robinson introduced his younger political gure in America.[123] The positive assessment
6 4 FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES

was reasoned to have contributed to her active role in the

re-election campaign, but it was noted that the challenge
for the Obama campaign was using her without tarnish-
ing her popularity. Obama was viewed as a polarizing
gure, having both sharp enmity and deep loyalty from
Americans, but she was also seen as having improved
her image since the time of the last election when her
husband initially ran for the presidency.[121] It was com-
mented by Isabel Wilkinson of The Daily Beast that her
Michelle
style changed over the course of the campaign to sensitive
[124] Obama and Carla Bruni at Palais Rohan, Strasbourg,
and economical.
France April 3, 2009.
Obama expressed condence in her husbands debating
skills prior to the rst debate of the election cycle,[125]
During her early months as First Lady, Obama vis-
though his performance would later be criticized as ap-
ited homeless shelters and soup kitchens.[134] She also
pearing detached and for looking down when address-
sent representatives to schools and advocated public
ing Romney,[126][127] leading to a consensus that the latter
[128] service.[134][135]
won the debate. After her speech at the 2012 Demo-
cratic National Convention, Obama was found through a Obama advocated for her husbands policy priorities by
CBS News/New York Times poll conducted in Septem- promoting bills that support it. She hosted a White House
ber to have a 61% favorably rating with registered vot- reception for womens rights advocates in celebration of
ers, the highest favorability she had sustained since April the enactment of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
2009.[129] Obama aimed to humanize her husband with Pay equity law. She supported the economic stimulus
relating stories about him, attempting to appeal to fe- bill in visits to the United States Department of Housing
male voters in swing states. It was commented by Paul and Urban Development and United States Department
Harris of The Guardian that the same tactic was being of Education. Some observers looked favorably upon her
used by Ann Romney, wife of 2012 Republican presi- legislative activities, while others said that she should be
dential candidate Mitt Romney. Polls in October showed less involved in politics. According to her representatives,
their husbands tied at 47% for the female vote. How- she intends to visit all United States Cabinet-level agen-
ever, Michelle Obamas favorability ratings remained cies in order to get acquainted with Washington.[136]
higher than Ann Romneys at 69% to 52%.[130] De-
spite Obamas higher poll numbers, comparisons between
Obama and Romney were consistently made by the media
until the election,[131][132] regardless of Michelle Cottle of
Newsweek writing, nobody votes for rst lady.[133]

4 First Lady of the United States Obama and General Charles R. Davis smile to the crowd before
speaking on her mission to help military families, October 2009.

On June 5, 2009, the White House announced that

Michelle Obama was replacing her current chief of
sta, Jackie Norris, with Susan Sher, a longtime friend
and adviser. Norris became a senior adviser to the
Corporation for National and Community Service.[137]
Another key aide, Spelman College alumna Kristen
Jarvis, served from 2008 until 2015, when she left to
become chief of sta to the Ford Foundation president
Darren Walker.[138]

Obama is In 2009 Michelle Obama was named Barbara Walters'

[139]
greeted by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace, Most Fascinating Person of the year.
United Kingdom April 1, 2009. Some initiatives of First Lady Michelle Obama in-
4.1 Lets Move! 7

clude advocating on behalf of military families, help- note that the First Lady has been one of the only people
ing working women balance career and family, encour- in the administration to address obesity, through promot-
aging national service, and promoting the arts and arts ing good eating habits, which is one of the leading US
education.[140][141] Obama has made supporting military public health crises.[147]
families and spouses a personal mission and has been In May 2014, Obama joined the campaign to bring back
increasingly bonding with military families. According school girls who had been kidnapped in Nigeria. The
to her aides, stories of the sacrice these families make First Lady tweeted a picture of herself holding a poster
move her to tears.[141] In April 2012, Obama and husband with the #bringbackourgirls campaign hashtag.[148]
were awarded the Jerald Washington Memorial Founders
Award by the National Coalition for Homeless Veter- Over the course of the Obama presidency, particularly
ans (NCHV).The award is the highest honor given to during the second term, Michelle Obama was subject to
homeless veteran advocates.[142] Obama was again hon- speculation over whether she would run for the presidency
ored with the award in May 2015, accepting with Jill herself, similarly to predecessor Hillary Clinton.[149] A
Biden.[143] potential Michelle Obama candidacy was supported by
both Samuel L. Jackson and James Clyburn.[150] On April
6, 2009, CNN did a poll on whether she should run for
the presidency in 2020, 83% of responders being op-
posed to the idea.[151] A May 2015 Rasmussen poll found
Obama had 22% of support to Clintons 56% of winning
the Democratic nomination, higher than that of poten-
tial candidates Elizabeth Warren, Martin O'Malley and
Bernie Sanders.[152][153] Another poll from that month
found 71% of Americans believed that Obama should
not run for the presidency, only 14% approving.[154] On
January 14, 2016, during a town-hall meeting, President
Obama was asked if the First Lady could be talked into
running. He responded, There are three things that are
certain in life: death, taxes, and Michelle is not running
Obama holding a sign with the hashtag "#bringbackourgirls in
for president. That I can tell you.[155][156] On March
May 2014.
16, 2016, while speaking in Austin, Texas, Obama de-
nied that she would ever run for the oce, citing a de-
sire to impact as many people as possible in an unbiased
way.[157]

4.1 Lets Move!

Main article: Lets Move!

Obamas predecessors Hillary Clinton and Laura Bush

Obama meets future First Lady Melania Trump in November

2016.

In November 2013, a Politico article by Michelle Cot-

tle accusing Obama of being a feminist nightmare for
not using her position and education to advocate for
womens issues was sharply criticized across the politi-
cal spectrum.[144][145][146] Cottle quoted Linda Hirshman
saying of Obamas trendy styles, promotion of gardening Obama and Ellen DeGeneres dance on the second anniversary
and healthy eating, and support of military families that of Lets Move!.
She essentially became the English lady of the manor,
Tory Party, circa 1830s.[144] A prominent critic of Cottle supported the organic movement by instructing the White
was MSNBC host Melissa Harris-Perry, who rhetorically House kitchens to buy organic food, and Obama extended
asked Are you serious?"[145][146] Supporters of Obama their eorts toward healthy eating by planting the White
8 4 FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES

House Kitchen Garden, an organic garden, the rst White

House vegetable garden since Eleanor Roosevelt served
as First Lady, and installing bee hives, on the South Lawn
of the White House. The garden supplied organic pro-
duce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners
and other ocial gatherings.[158][159][160][161]
In January 2010, Obama undertook her rst lead role
in an administration-wide initiative, which she named
"Lets Move!, to make progress in reversing the 21st cen-
tury trend of childhood obesity.[160][162] On February 9,
2010, the First Lady announced Lets Move! and Pres-
ident Barack Obama created the Task Force on Child-
hood Obesity to review all current programs and create a
national plan towards change.[163] Michelle Obama stated
that her goal was to make this eort her legacy: I want to
leave something behind that we can say, 'Because of this
time that this person spent here, this thing has changed.'
And my hope is that thats going to be in the area of child-
hood obesity.[160] Her 2012 book American Grown: The
Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens
Across America is based on her experiences with the gar-
den and promotes healthy eating.[164] Her call for action
on healthy eating has been echoed by the United States
Department of Defense, which has been facing an ever-
expanding problem of recruit obesity.[165]
Several Republicans have critiqued or lampooned
Obamas initiative. In October 2014, senator Rand Paul Obamas rst term ocial portrait.
linked to Michelle Obamas Twitter account when an-
nouncing on the website that he was going to Dunkin'
Donuts.[166] In January 2016, Republican Governor of US Supreme Court delivered justice in the Lawrence v.
New Jersey and presidential candidate Chris Christie Texas case and drew a connection between the struggles
condemned the First Ladys involvement with healthy eat- for gay rights and civil rights by stating We are all only
ing while on the campaign trail in Iowa, arguing that here because of those who marched and bled and died,
she was using the government to exercise her views on from Selma to Stonewall, in the pursuit of a more perfect
eating.[167][168] Obama had previously cited Christie as an union.[171][172][173]
example of an adult who struggled with obesity, a demo-
graphic she sought to diminish by targeting children since After the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell on September
Lets Move! was working with kids when they're young, 20, 2011, Obama included openly gay service members
so that they don't have these direct challenges when they in her national military families initiative.[174] On May
get older.[169] In February, Senator Ted Cruz indicated 9, 2012, Barack and Michelle Obama came out publicly
that Obamas health policies would end under his admin- in favor of same-sex marriage. Prior to this, Michelle
istration, promising that french fries would return to cafe- Obama had never stated her position on same-sex mar-
terias if his wife was First Lady.[170] riage publicly. Senior White House ocials said that
Michelle Obama and Senior Adviser Valerie Jarrett had
been the two most consistent advocates for same-sex mar-
4.2 LGBT rights riage in Barack Obamas life.[175] Michelle went on to say
that This is an important issue for millions of Americans,
In the 2008 US presidential election, Obama boasted, to and for Barack and me, it really comes down to the values
gay Democrat groups, of her husbands record on LGBT of fairness and equality we want to pass down to our girls.
rights: his support of the Illinois Human Rights Act, These are basic values that kids learn at a very young
the Illinois gender violence act, the Employment Non- age and that we encourage them to apply in all areas of
Discrimination Act, repealing Don't Ask Don't Tell, and their lives. And in a country where we teach our chil-
full repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, civil unions; dren that everyone is equal under the law, discriminating
along with hate crimes protection for sexual orientation against same-sex couples just isn't right. Its as simple
and gender identity and renewed eort to ght HIV and as that.[176] At the 2012 DNC Michelle said, Barack
AIDS. They have both been opponents of constitutional knows the American Dream because hes lived it ... and
amendments banning same-sex marriage in the federal, he wants everyone in this country to have that same op-
California, and Florida constitutions. She said that the portunity, no matter who we are, or where we're from, or
4.4 Foreign trips 9

what we look like, or who we love.[177]

4.3 Domestic travels

Michelle Obama and President Obama hold hands during an

event commemorating the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday.

members.[187] In December 2015, Obama traveled with

her husband to San Bernardino, California, to meet with
families of the victims of a terrorist attack that occurred
two weeks earlier.[188]

4.4 Foreign trips

Malia and Sasha Obama prepare to enter Air Force One,

Michelle Obama and President Obama behind them, on March
7, 2015.

In May 2009, Obama delivered the commencement

speech at a graduating ceremony at UC Merced in
Merced County, California, the address being praised af-
terward by students who found her relatable. Kevin Fa-
gan of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that there was
chemistry between Obama and the students.[178]
Obama with children in Delhi, November 8, 2010.
In August 2013, Obama attended the 50th anniversary
ceremony for the March on Washington at the Lincoln On April 1, 2009, Obama met with Queen Elizabeth II
Memorial. Positive attention was brought to Obamas at- in Buckingham Palace, Obama embracing her before at-
tire, a black sleeveless dress with red owers, designed by tending an event with world leaders.[189] Obama praised
Tracy Reese.[179][180] Reese reacted by releasing a pub- her, though the hug generated controversy for being out
lic statement that he was honored the First Lady would of protocol when greeting Elizabeth.[190][191]
choose to wear one of our designs during the celebration
of such a deeply signicant historical moment.[181][182] In April 2010, Obama traveled to Mexico, her rst solo
visit to a nation.[192] In Mexico, Obama spoke to stu-
In March 2015, Obama traveled to Selma, Alabama, dents, encouraging them to take responsibility for their
with her family to commemorate the ftieth anniversary futures.[193][194] Referring to the underprivileged chil-
of the Selma to Montgomery marches.[183] After Presi- dren, Obama argued that potential can be found in some
dent Obamas remarks there, the Obamas joined original of the most unlikely places, citing herself and her hus-
marchers in crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge.[184][185] band as examples.[195][196]
In July 2015, Obama journeyed to Coachella Valley while Obama traveled to Africa for the second ocial trip
coming to Los Angeles for that years Special Olympics in June 2011, touring Johannesburg, Cape Town and
World Games.[186] Botswana and meeting with Graca Machel. Obama
In October 2015, Obama was joined by Jill Biden was also involved with community events in the foreign
and Prince Harry in visiting a military base in Fort countries.[197] It was commented by White House sta
Belvoir, Virginia, an attempt on the princes part to that her trip to Africa would advance the foreign policy
raise awareness to programs supporting harmed service of her husband.[198][199]
10 4 FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES

In March 2014, Obama visited China along with her traveled to Argentina,[214] meeting with Argentine Presi-
two daughters Malia and Sasha, and her mother Marian dent Mauricio Macri.[215][216]
Robinson. She met with Peng Liyuan, the wife of Chi-
nese President Xi Jinping, visited historic and cultural
sites, as well as a university and two high schools.[200][201] 4.5 Midterm elections
Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes said that
the visit and intent in Obama journeying there was to Obama campaigned for Democratic candidates in the
symbolize the relationship between the United States 2010 midterm elections,[217][218] making her debut on the
and China is not just between leaders, its a relationship campaign trail in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[219][220] By the
between peoples.[202][203] time she began campaigning, Obamas approval rating
In January 2015, Obama traveled to Saudi Arabia along- was 20 percentage points higher than her husband.[221]
side her husband, following the death of King Abdullah. Though Obama indicated in January 2010 that a con-
She received criticism for not covering her head in a na- sensus had not been made about whether she would
tion where women are forbidden from publicly not doing campaign,[222] speculation of her involvement came from
so,[204][205] though Obama was defended for being a for- her large approval rating as well as reports that she
eigner and thus not having to submit to Saudi Arabias had been invited to speak at events with Democrats
customs,[206] even being praised in some corners.[207] such as Barbara Boxer, Mary Jo Kilroy and Joe Ses-
Obama was neither greeted nor acknowledged by King tak.[223] She toured seven states in two weeks within Oc-
Salman during the encounter.[208] tober 2010.[224] Though viewed as essential by the White
House, aides reported that she would not become deeply
involved with political discussions nor engage Republi-
cans in public disputes.[225] After the elections took place,
only six of the thirteen Democratic candidates Obama
had campaigned for won. The Los Angeles Times con-
cluded that while Obama was indeed more popular than
her husband, her election scorecard proved no better
than his, particularly in her home state.[226]

Michelle and Barack Obama with King Salman of Saudi Arabia

and members of the Saudi Royal Family, January 27, 2015.

In June 2015, Obama undertook a weeklong trip to Lon-

don and three Italian cities. In London, she spoke with
students about international education for adolescent girls
and met with both British Prime Minister David Cameron
and Prince Harry. She was joined by her two daugh-
ters and mother.[209] In November, she spent a week in
Qatar, her rst ocial visit to the Middle East. She con-
tinued advancing her initiative for international educa-
tion for women by speaking at the 2015 World Innova-
tion Summit for Education for the Let Girls Learn ini- Obama speaks at a Hillary Clinton presidential campaign rally
tiative in Doha, Qatar and touring a school in Amman, at Southern New Hampshire University, October 13, 2016.
Jordan, where she met with female students.[30][210] Dur-
ing the Qatar trip, Obama had intended to visit Jordan Obama was a participant in the 2014 midterm elections,
as well, but the trip was canceled due to weather condi- held at a time where her popularity superseded her hus-
tions. In Jordan, Obama had intended to visit an Amman bands to such an extent that it was theorized that she
school, which had been constructed with assistance from would receive a much larger outpour of support in cam-
U.S. funds.[211] paigning. Reporting her travel to Denver, Colorado,
In March 2016, Obama accompanied her husband and David Lightman wrote that while Democrats did not want
children to Cuba in a trip that was seen by the admin- President Obama to campaign for them, the rst lady
istration as having the possibility of positively impact- is very popular.[227] In May 2014, Obama was found
ing relations between the country and America.[212][213] to have a 61% favorable approval rating from a CNN
Later that month, the First Couple and their daughters poll, her husband coming in at 43%.[228] In a video re-
4.7 Public image and style 11

leased in July, as part of an eort to encourage voter

turnout, she called on voters to be hungry as you were
back in 2008 and 2012.[229][230] Obama appeared at
a fundraiser in Georgia in September for Democratic
senate candidate Michelle Nunn. Obamas approach to
campaigning in Georgia strayed from discussing current
events and instead broadly stressed the importance of reg-
istering to vote and turning out during the elections.[228] Michelle Obama wore
Obamas infrequent appearances came from her dislike Isabel Toledo clothes made of St. Gallen Embroidery to
of being away from her children and Washington politics the 2009 presidential inauguration.
as well as her distaste for the opposition by Republicans
to her husbands agenda and her view that Democrats in
the U.S. Senate had not suciently supporters her ini-
tiatives to end childhood obesity.[231] Obama raised her
prole in October,[232][233] touring three states in four
days.[231] Obama called the elections her husbands last
campaign.[234][235]

4.6 Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential cam-

The Obamas dance at
paign a presidential inaugural ball.

Obama endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton

At the time of her husbands election, some sources antic-
and made several high-prole speeches in favor of her,
ipated that as a high-prole African-American woman in
including an address at the 2016 Democratic National
a stable marriage Obama would be a positive role model
Convention. She also appeared multiple times on the
who would inuence the view the world has of African-
campaign trail in either solo or joint appearances with
Americans.[246][247] Her fashion choices were part of the
Clinton.[236] On October 13, 2016, Obama heavily crit-
2009 Fashion week,[248] but Obamas inuence in the
icized Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump
eld did not have the impact on the paucity of African-
for the statements he made in a 2005 audio record-
American models who participate, that some thought it
ing while at a Clinton rally in Manchester, New Hamp-
might.[249][250]
shire.[237] A week later, Trump attempted to revive past
comments Obama made in regards to Clinton during the Obamas public support grew in her early months as First
2008 presidential election.[238][239] Lady,[134][251] as she was accepted as a role model.[134]
On her rst trip abroad in April 2009, she toured a
cancer ward with Sarah Brown, wife of British Prime
Minister Gordon Brown.[252] Newsweek described her
rst trip abroad as an exhibition of her so-called star
4.7 Public image and style power[251] and MSN described it as a display of sar-
torial elegance.[241] Questions were raised by some in
With the ascent of her husband as a prominent national the American and British media regarding protocol when
politician, Obama has become a part of popular cul- the Obamas met Queen Elizabeth II[253] and Michelle
ture. In May 2006, Essence listed her among 25 of the reciprocated a touch on her back by the Queen dur-
Worlds Most Inspiring Women.[240][241] In July 2007, ing a reception, purportedly against traditional royal
Vanity Fair listed her among 10 of the Worlds Best etiquette.[253][254] Palace sources denied that any breach
Dressed People. She was an honorary guest at Oprah in etiquette had occurred.[255]
Winfreys Legends Ball as a young'un paying tribute Obama has been compared to Jacqueline Kennedy due
to the 'Legends,' who helped pave the way for African to her sense of style,[243] and also to Barbara Bush for
American women. In September 2007, 02138 magazine her discipline and decorum.[256][257] Obamas style has
listed her 58th of 'The Harvard 100'; a list of the prior been described as fashion populist.[50] In 2010, she
years most inuential Harvard alumni. Her husband was wore clothes, many high end, from more than 50 design
ranked fourth.[240][242] In July 2008, she made a repeat companies with less expensive pieces from J.Crew and
appearance on the Vanity Fair international best dressed Target, and the same year a study found that her patronage
list.[243] She also appeared on the 2008 People list of best- was worth an average of $14 million to a company.[258]
dressed women and was praised by the magazine for her She became a fashion trendsetter, in particular favoring
classic and condent look.[244][245]
12 5 REFERENCES

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6 Further reading
Colbert, David (2008). Michelle Obama, An Amer-
ican Story. Houghton Miin Harcourt. ISBN 0-
547-24770-2.
20 8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text
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riotue, Grinman, Flatterworld, J Readings, Jrcla2, Simonhoby, J3turn, Cosmictinker, Kaihoku, Donmike10, Sysm0921, Andy March-
banks, JavierMC, CrazyHobo13, Halmstad, Feer, Idioma-bot, Lwalt, Speciate, SamanthaG, X!, Jophus00, Malik Shabazz, VolkovBot,
Pleasantville, HughD, Seaborg71, Je G., Newyowker, WOSlinker, Refsworldlee, TXiKiBoT, Jafought, Cosmic Latte, Flyte35, Mali-
naccier, Java7837, Die4Dixie, Charlotten, Miranda, Crohnie, Rrhyno, Spaceplanner2, Terence7, Una Smith, Metatrons Cube, Redddogg,
Broadbot, Abdullais4u, LeaveSleaves, Drex15, Wassermann~enwiki, Bentley4, Chaotic cultist, Fridakahlolives, Eubulides, AmerHisBu,
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Nycstudent578, WereSpielChequers, Phe-bot, Dawn Bard, Senty78, Bernard Marx, Strombomboli, Grundle2600, Night Ghost, Glass-
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jigwatts, Tawniz, Ealdgyth, Alex.muller, NicolasJz, Sri 1988, Jn, Nfreaker91, Dravecky, Maelgwnbot, LonelyMarble, Adam Cuerden,
VGioia6888, Alpha166, Eshalis, Dabomb87, Flavigny20, Pinkadelica, Hordaland, Iamwisesun, Netimah, Randy Kryn, Angelo De La
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PaterMcFly, DougsTech, AkhtaBot, C3r4, ILoveToClean, Older and ... well older, Bratz angel14, Bigant1892, Jeanne boleyn, Fieldday-
sunday, Martindo, CanadianLinuxUser, CactusWriter, Radstopper, NjardarBot, FrameWave20, Ashkashblue, Akadonnew, Gizziiusa, Tri-
iipleThreat, Munchmuchmunch?, Buster7, Foxcloud, Watchingobama, AndersBot, Claims of peace, Floridianed, Scott MacDonald, JGK-
lein, Mbgrith1, Duuude007, , Alanscottwalker, DubaiTerminator, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Jan eissfeldt, , Tarheelz123,
Zorrobot, Seth656, Ben Ben, , Luckas-bot, Yobot, Broadmoor, VengeancePrime, Hk2008, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, The
Original Editor, Downstage right, Splat5572, Bigredbus22, Izakalka, Brougham96, 101090ABC, JohnMcCain2008, Nora abazed, Jasonc-
cccccc, Rodondo1, Scott in NH, AnomieBOT, YeshuaDavid, Rjanag, Piano non troppo, Femmefabuleuse, Justme89, Sourcechecker419,
TParis, IntegrityRulesNoMatterWhat, EryZ, KSP198011, RickButtes, Citation bot, Minmean, BAMP, Maxis ftw, Dan Murphy, ArthurBot,
8.2 Images 21

Avocats, B. Fairbairn, LilHelpa, Boris Badinov44, Hotcheetos, Moderate2008, Xqbot, Happuhour, Dhruvhemmady, R0pe-196, Capri-
corn42, TracyMcClark, Myfacetooth, Khopew, CuriousAlways, BarackN, Smohmand1995, Bigdiackkk, Quark1005, Coeelover2009,
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Grammar Prof, GermanJoe, Azertyuioppoiuytreza, BabbaQ, Den1980-, KarlsenBot, ClueBot NG, Yambaram, Atmospherica, Hazhk,
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cius94, Vanisheduser00348374562342, ACanadianToker, KBH96, ZgortBX, Kinfoll1993, Canibal2014, Bryan Rutto, Iopreya, Conspir-
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pal, Continentaleurope, Ergo Sum, CAPTAIN RAJU, The Quixotic Potato, Neve-selbert, Sarah.Blumen, Bnnnperdue, Majora, Small-
boy944, GrecianEarn, Tonybins, Laursren, Volvlogia, Figres, Xin Deui, InternetArchiveBot, PowerdByCaeine, TDMfan23!, JJMC89
bot, Ibrahim aziz, Aleccat, GreenC bot, Alsoriano97, AlbanGeller, Brodarmel, Sendreply, Michael14375, As dry hill, Grko3, Bender the
Bot, Accurateworldwar, TheSalmon25, Joe1w, Wik of Pedia, 74tyheg2, Dylan De Jesus, Common Yarrow and Anonymous: 425

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File:Barack_Obama_Michelle_Obama_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Buckingham_Palace_London.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.

org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Barack_Obama_Michelle_Obama_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Buckingham_Palace_London.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: P040109PS-0691_1 The Ocial White House Photostream Original artist: Pete Souza
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22 8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Michelle_

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