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Probleme Curs 9

This document discusses solving systems of linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It contains problems involving finding the solutions of systems of differential equations given initial conditions. It also discusses using power series representations to solve systems of differential equations. Finally, it covers properties and calculations involving the exponential of a matrix, including using the matrix exponential as a fundamental matrix of solutions to solve initial value problems for systems of differential equations.

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Sisu Octavian
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55 views2 pages

Probleme Curs 9

This document discusses solving systems of linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It contains problems involving finding the solutions of systems of differential equations given initial conditions. It also discusses using power series representations to solve systems of differential equations. Finally, it covers properties and calculations involving the exponential of a matrix, including using the matrix exponential as a fundamental matrix of solutions to solve initial value problems for systems of differential equations.

Uploaded by

Sisu Octavian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VIII.

Sisteme de ecuatii diferentiale liniare cu coeficienti


constanti
1. Sa se determine solutiile urmatoarelor probleme Cauchy:
 0
x = 5x + 2y
(a) , x(0) = 3, y(0) = 0.
y 0 = x 6y
 0
x = 5x y
(b) , x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = x + 3y
 0
x =xy
(c) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 2.
y 0 = 4x + y
0
x = 3x y + z
(d) y0 = x + y + z , x(0) = y(0) = z(0) = 2.
0
z = 4x y + 4z

0
x = 3x y 3z

(e) y 0 = 6x + 2y + 6z , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1, z(0) = 0

0
z = 6x 2y 6z
 0
x = 4x + y
(f) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = x 2y + e3t
 0
x = x + y cos t
(g) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 2.
y 0 = 2x y + sin t + cos t
 0
x = 2x + y + 9t
(h) , x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = x + 4y
 0
x = 2x y + sin t
(i) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 4.
y 0 = 4x + 2y + cos t
 0
x = 2x + y + 4et
(j) , x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = 3x + 4y
 0
x = x + 2y + 3
(k) , x(0) = 3, y(0) = 2.
y 0 = 2x + y
 0
x = 3x y
(l) ,x(0) = 2, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = x y + 4e2t
 0
x = x + y + e2t sin t
(m) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 21 .
y 0 = 2x + 3y e2t cos t
 0
x = 2x y + 4t
(n) , x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1.
y 0 = x + 2y 5t2
 0
x = 5x 4y + 1
(o) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
y0 = x + y
 0
x = x 4y + cos 2t
(p) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
y0 = x + y

2. Rezolvati urm
atoarele sisteme dePecuatii diferentiale, cautand solutiile sub forma unor serii de
puteri x(t) = n0 an tn , y(t) = n0 bn tn :
P
(
x0 = 6x 4y
(a) , x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
y 0 = 9x1 6y
(
x0 = 6x 4y + et
(b) , x(0) = 7, y(0) = 9
y 0 = 9x 6y

R
3. Exponentiala unei matrici. Fie A Mn ( ). Matricea
1 1 X 1
eA = In + A + A2 + . . . = An
1! 2! n0
n!

se numeste exponentiala matricei A. Se poate arata ca seria de mai sus este convergenta pentru
orice matrice A Mn ( ). R
(a) Aratati ca:
i. e0n = In .
R
ii. eA+B = eA eB daca A, B Mn ( ) si AB = BA.
R
iii. e este o matrice inversabila pentru orice A Mn ( ), si eA = eA .
A 1

iv. Functia R R
Mn ( ), t 7 eAt este derivabila, si (eAt )0 = AeAt = eAt A (n particular,
rezulta ca matricile A si eAt comuta).
(b) Se poate arata ca solutia generala a sistemului liniar omogen de ecuatii diferentiale

X 0 = AX (SO)

este
X(t) = eAt C unde C Rn
Rezulta ca M(t) = eAt este o matrice fundamentala de solutii. In particular, solutia
problemei Cauchy (
X 0 = AX
X(t0 ) = X0
este
X(t) = eA(tt0 ) X0
R
(c) Calculul matricei exponentiale. Fie A Mn ( ) o matrice care admite o descompunere de
R
tipul A = P D P 1 , unde P, D Mn ( ), P inversabila. Aratati ca

eAt = P eDt P 1
   t 
1 0 Dt e 1 0
i. Daca D = , verificati ca e = .
0 2 0 e 2 t
   t 
1 Dt e tet
ii. Daca D = , verificati ca e = .
0 0 et
   at at

a b e cos bt e sin bt
iii. Daca D = , verificati ca eDt = .
b a eat sin bt eat cos bt
(d) Reluati exercitiul 1 folosind matricea exponentiala ca matrice fundamentala de solutii.

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