C-A-B

of CPR for BLS Provider

Component Adults and Adolescents Children Infants
(Age 1 year to Puberty) (Age Less Than 1 year Excluding
(Puberty to Adulthood) Newborns)

Scene Safety Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim

Check for responsiveness
Recognition of Cardiac
Arrest No breathing or only gasping (ie, no normal breathing)
No definite pulse felt within 10 seconds
(Breathing and pulse check can be performed simultaneously in less than 10 seconds)

Activation of Emergency If you are alone with no mobile Witnessed collapse

Response System phone, leave the victim to activate Follow steps for adults and adolescents on the left
the emergency response system and Unwitnessed collapse
get the AED before beginning CPR Give 2 minutes of CPR

Otherwise, send someone and Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED
begin CPR immediately; Return to the child or infant and resume CPR;
use the AED as soon as it is available use the AED as soon as it is available

Compression- 1 or 2 Rescuers 1 Rescuer

Ventilation 30:2 30:2
Ratio without 2 or more Rescuers
Advanced Airway 15:2

Compression-
Continuous compressions at a rate of 100-120/min
Ventilation
Ratio with Give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min)
Advanced Airway
Compression Rate 100-120/min

Compression Depth At least 2 inches (5 cm) At least one third AP diameter of chest At least one third AP diameter of
About 2 inches (5 cm) chest
About 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)

Hand Placement 2 hands on the lower half of the 2 hands or 1 hand (optimal for very 1 Rescuer
breastbone (sternum) small child) on the lower half of the 2 fingers in the center of the chest,
breastbone (sternum) just below the nipple line
2 or more Rescuers
2 thumb-encircling hands in the
center of the chest just below the
nipple line

Chest Recoil Allow full recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on the chest after each compression

Minimizing Interruptions Limit interruption in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds

Abbreviations: AED, Automated External Defibrillator; AP, Anterior-Posterior; CPR, CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

High Quality CPR
Push hard (at least 2 inches [5cm])
Push fast: Compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min
Minimize interruptions in compressions to less than 10 seconds
Allow for complete chest recoil between compressions
Do not lean on the chest between compressions
Switch rescuers about every 2 minutes or sooner to avoid fatigue
Avoid excessive ventilation, delivering breaths over 1 second that produce visible chest rise
Performing high quality CPR is most likely to positively impact victims survival
A victim who is unresponsive with no normal breathing and no pulse requires high-quality CPR
You witness a sudden collapse. Victim is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse-begin CPR. Gasps are not normal
breathing
EXPRESS TRAINING SOLUTIONS 444 Camino Del Rio South Suite 108 San Diego, CA 92108
Phone (888) 815-0313 www.ExpressTraining.Com
Additional material created to enhance and supplement the learning experience and is not AHA approved
C-A-B of CPR for BLS Provider Updated March 2016, Page 1 [TCL]


High Quality CPR
COMPRESSIONS:
RATIO
Ratio for compressions to breaths for 1-rescuer ADULT, CHILD and INFANT CPR is 30 compressions to 2 breaths
DEPTH
Depth of compression for an INFANT is at least one third the depth of the chest, about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)
Depth of compression for a CHILD is at least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm)
Depth of compression for an ADULT is at least 2 inches (5 cm)
RATE
Rate of chest compressions for ADULT, CHILD and INFANT CPR is 100 to 120 per minute
RECOIL
Complete chest recoil is important when performing high quality CPR to allow the heart to adequately refill between compressions
BREATHS:
Rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths with a bag-mask device by observing chest rise with breath
TWO RESCUERS:
Rescuers switch positions during CPR about every 2 minutes
To support a team-based resuscitation attempt, 2 rescuers alternate giving high quality chest compressions
Two rescuers begin high-quality CPR by alternating the compressor role every 2 minutes
TEAM DYNAMICS: 1.) Clear Roles and Responsibilities 2.) Knowing your Limitations 3.) Constructive Intervention
Match statement with appropriate element of team dynamics
1. The team functions smoothly when all team members know their positions, functions, and tasksClear Roles and Responsibilities
2. Members of the team know their boundaries and ask for help before the resuscitation attempt worsensKnowing your Limitations
3. If the person giving chest compressions is not allowing for complete chest recoil, tell the compressor you notice decreased chest recoil
Constructive Intervention

Automated External Defibrillator-AED 3 PsPower Pads Plug-in
Defibrillation is important because it can restore a regular cardiac rhythm
Rapid defibrillation is important to survival because it eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm
When the AED arrives, the first step is to turn on the AED
After the AED pads are attached to the victims bare chest and the AED detects ventricular fibrillation, the next step is to follow the AED prompts
A hairy chest is a consideration when using an AED, the pads may not stick and may fail to deliver a shock
If you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water, pull the victim out of water and wipe the chest before attaching the
AED pads

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction - Choking
The first course of action for a victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction who becomes unresponsive, start CPR, beginning with chest
compressions
When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object
An INFANT is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction, give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts
When an INFANT becomes unresponsive, perform CPR and look in the mouth for the obstructing object

Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)

Chest Compression Fraction is the amount of time during a cardiac arrest event that high-quality chest compressions are performed.
Improving CCF to achieve the 80% threshold has been shown to increase survival by 200% to 300%
For adults in cardiac arrest who received CPR without an advanced airway, perform CPR with the goal of a chest compression fraction as high
as possible, with target of at least 60%
(5 compression sets X seconds) + (5 breath sets X seconds) = 5 compression sets X seconds / SUM


The American Heart Association strongly promotes knowledge and proficiency in all AHA courses and has developed instructional materials for this purpose. Use of these materials in an educational course does not
represent course sponsorship by the AHA. Any fees charged for such a course, except for a portion of fees needed for AHA course materials, do not represent income to the AHA.

EXPRESS TRAINING SOLUTIONS 444 Camino Del Rio South Suite 108 San Diego, CA 92108
Phone (888) 815-0313 www.ExpressTraining.Com
Additional material created to enhance and supplement the learning experience and is not AHA approved
C-A-B of CPR for BLS Provider Updated March 2016, Page 2 [TCL]