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Block Diagram of Communication System

The document describes the basic components of a communication system: 1) An information source produces a message that is converted by an input transducer into an electrical signal. 2) A transmitter processes the signal through amplification, modulation, and restricting frequencies before sending it through a channel. 3) The channel provides a medium like wires, microwaves, or satellites to transmit the signal, which becomes distorted by noise during transmission. 4) At the receiver, demodulation reproduces the original message signal which is converted by the destination back to its initial form.

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261 views

Block Diagram of Communication System

The document describes the basic components of a communication system: 1) An information source produces a message that is converted by an input transducer into an electrical signal. 2) A transmitter processes the signal through amplification, modulation, and restricting frequencies before sending it through a channel. 3) The channel provides a medium like wires, microwaves, or satellites to transmit the signal, which becomes distorted by noise during transmission. 4) At the receiver, demodulation reproduces the original message signal which is converted by the destination back to its initial form.

Uploaded by

KiranKumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication System

Communication is the process of establishing connection or link between two points for
information exchange.

Block Diagram of Communication System


Fig.1 shows the block diagram of a general communication system, in which the different
functional elements are represented by blocks.

Fig 1

The essential components of a communication system are information source, input transducer,
transmitter,

the functioning of these blocks.

(i) Information Source

As we know, a communication system serves to communicate a message or information. This


information originates in the information source.

In general, there can be various messages in the form of words, group of words, code, symbols,
sound signal etc. However, out of these messages, only the desired message is selected and
communicated.

Therefore, we can say that the function of information source is to produce required message
which has to be transmitted. communication channel, receiver and destination.

Now, we shall discuss

(ii) Input Transducer

A transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another form.
The message from the information source may or may not be electrical in nature. In a case when
the message produced by the information source is not electrical in nature, an input transducer is
used to convert it into a time-varying electrical signal.

For example, in case of radio-broadcasting, a microphone converts the information or massage


which is in the form of sound waves into corresponding electrical signal.

(iii) Transmitter

The function of the transmitter is to process the electrical signal from different aspects.

For example in radio broadcasting the electrical signal obtained from sound signal, is processed
to restrict its range of audio frequencies (upto 5 kHz in amplitude modulation radio broadcast )
and is often amplified.

In wire telephony, no real processing is needed. However, in long-distance radio communication,


signal amplification is necessary before modulation.

Modulation is the main function of the transmitter. In modulation, the message signal is
superimposed upon the high-frequency carrier signal.

In short, we can say that inside the transmitter, signal processings such as restriction of range of
audio frequencies, amplification and modulation of are achieved.

All these processings of the message signal are done just to ease the transmission of the signal
through the channel.

(iv) The Channel and The Noise

The term channel means the medium through which the message travels from the transmitter to
the receiver. In other words, we can say that the function of the channel is to provide a physical
connection between the transmitter and the receiver.

There are two types of channels, namely point-to-point channels and broadcast channels.

Example of point-to-point channels are wire lines, microwave links and optical fibres. Wire-lines
operate by guided electromagnetic waves and they are used for local telephone transmission.

In case of microwave links, the transmitted signal is radiated as an electromagnetic wave in free
space. Microwave links are used in long distance telephone transmission.

An optical fibre is a low-loss, well-controlled, guided optical medium. Optical fibres are used in
optical communications.
Although these three channels operate differently, they all provide a physical medium for the
transmission of signals from one point to another point. Therefore, for these channels, the term
point-to-point is used.

On the other hand, the broadcast channel provides a capability where several receiving stations
can be reached simultaneously from a single transmitter.

An example of a broadcast channel is a satellite in geostationary orbit, which covers about one
third of the earths surface.

During the process of transmission and reception the signal gets distorted due to noise introduced
in the system.

Noise is an unwanted signal which tend to interfere with the required signal. Noise signal is
always random in character. Noise may interfere with signal at any point in a communication
system. However, the noise has its greatest effect on the signal in the channel.

(v) Receiver

The main function of the receiver is to reproduce the message signal in electrical form from the
distorted received signal. This reproduction of the original signal is accomplished by a process
known as the demodulation or detection. Demodulation is the reverse process of modulation
carried out in transmitter.

(vi) Destination

Destination is the final stage which is used to convert an electrical message signal into its
original form.

For example in radio broadcasting, the destination is a loudspeaker which works as a transducer
i.e. converts the electrical signal in the form of original sound signal.

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