eurocopter B. -BA- Bi-B2 versions INSTRUCTION MANUAL BASIC 1 : SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE HELICOPTER 8 SERVO ACTUATORS AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM | 2- stauctune ROTOR CONTROLS 4- MAIN ROTOR DAIVE SYSTEM 10. FUEL SYSTEM 4- MAIN AOTOR 11 PITOT stantc SYSTEM 5 TAIL ROTOR DAWE SYSTEM 12- INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LIGHTING 6- TAIL ROTOR 19 SEATING - HEATING - VENTILATION 7+ ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM 14 ENGINE INSTALLATION This document is the property of the Eurocopter Training Centre and it must not be reproduced without its permission ied or insincton purpose and wil no be ket sp-o-daied | Ceplace mantacturer's documents Big} Issue : 1996THM 3 eurocopter —— . S - Fe wg a chaRacrEnionics OF tHeHELIcoPTen= = FO 4.2 HELICOPTER OPERATING PUBLICATIONS = - > - 4.2.4. HELICOPTER PUBLICATIONS 1.22. ENGINE PUBLICATIONS ‘ 1.2.2. SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT PUBLICATIONS : 4.4. DESCRIPTION OF THE HELICOPTER 1.4. MAIN DIMENSIONS AIRFRAME REFERENCE POINTS, HELICOPTER DATUM REFERENCES : JACKING AND LEVELING WEIGHING AND C.G. LOCATION = SPECIAL HELICOPTER CONFIGURATIONS oe 4.7+ COCKPIT LAYOUT — 1.74, INSTRUMENT PANEL 17.2. FAILURE WARNING PANEL 17.2. CONSOLE. “174 GRIP CONTROLS ON CYCUC PITCH STICK AND COLLECTIVE Biren LEVER * BEUROCOPTER. Ce document ast proprélé PEUROCOPTER Ine peut ra reprodul ane auoteatlon. ‘This dacumentis EUROCOPTER broper You are rot alowed|tscoov twitottarior authorzaton steTHM Geaurcconter =i 4.1- MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HELICOPTER THE SINGLE ENGINE ECUREUIL IS A MULTIPURPOSE LIGHT HELICOPTER, “The following versions are marketed and described in this manual: . Max. Max. Max. Main Version Engine Rotor takeoff takeoff continuous rotor waight power power speed “4 WxB —«AS3508 ARRIEL 1B AS 350 4950kg 478 KW 440 kW 385 epm a AMG} AS 350BA ARRIEL 1B | AS 355 - 2100 kg 478 kW 440 KW 390 rpm 7$ AAS} AS25081 ARRIEL 1D -AS355—-2200Ky «SID ASDW 30070 *$ A442, 8838082 ARRIEL 101 AS 355 2350 kg 531 kW 466 kW 390 rpm 15 AS35083 ARRIEL28 AS 355 2250kg 632 KW sazkW 390 rpm *S The maximum permitted takeoff and landing weights (which vary with altitude and temperature) may be less than - but must never exceed - the nominal value given in the Flight Manual. MGB cowlings (on LH & RH sides) "At inlet fo engine and Engine MGB oil coolers cowling _— Canopy Tail rotor rive'shant ‘airings Vertical ns. Cockpit doors (on LH & RH sides) \ Baggage Tal quar compartment doors _ Hoctontay “POTION oO ‘Subdoers or siding ‘stabilizer Body sinicture ‘Skid Janding gear doors ee ‘mounted an (on LH & RH sides) antizesonance dampers With appropriate systems or equipment, this helicopter can fulfl the following missions: = Personnel transport (5 passengers), = High density transport (6 or 7 passengers), = VIP transport (4 passengers), «Internal load transport, = External slung load transport (up to 1.47), = Search and rescue with hoist installation = Casualty evacuation (2 stretcher cases), = Observation, flight training, tourism, etc.THM 1a- 12- 12. 122. 1.233. 13- 14+ 18- 15.1. 152. 15.3, 18- 17+ 124. 172. 173. 17. So eurocopter ii, OVERVIEW OF THE HELICOPTER MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HELICOPTER HELICOPTER OPERATING PUBLICATIONS HELICOPTER PUBLICATIONS ENGINE PUBLICATIONS SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT PUBLICATIONS DESCRIPTION OF THE HELICOPTER MAIN DIMENSIONS AIRFRAME REFERENCE POINTS HELICOPTER DATUM REFERENCES JACKING AND LEVELING WEIGHING AND C'G. LOCATION SPECIAL HELICOPTER CONFIGURATIONS COCKPIT LAYOUT INSTRUMENT PANEL FAILURE WARNING PANEL CONSOLE GRIP CONTROLS ON CYCLIC PITCH STICK AND COLLECTIVE PITOH LEVER 14THM Geaurccorter 1.1- MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HELICOPTER ‘THE SINGLE ENGINE ECUREUIL IS A MULTIPURPOSE LIGHT HELICOPTER, ‘The following versions are marketed and described inthis manuat Version AS 3508 AS 950BA AS 35081 AS 350 B2 Engine Rotor ARRIEL1B AS 350 ARRIEL1B AS 355 ARRIEL 1D AS 355 ARRIEL 1D1 AS 355 Max. takeott weight 1950 kg 2100 kg 2200 kg 2250 kg vax Nox Main takes? "continuous ttor pee cree eel wom aokw 385mm} o sow. ow. wont SI0KW 450 KW 890m 74 sok acoKw 0mm The maximum permitted takeoff and landing weights (which vary with altitude and temperature) ‘may be less than - but must never exceed - the nominal value given in the Flight Manual. Tall guard ~ AL mar 1000 F# 330" Engine coming Tall rotor drive shaft fairings ~ ‘compart Horizontal ‘stabilzer Baggage MGB cowlings (on LH & RH sides) \ nt doors Body stricture (oth fue! tank) 0 \ c ‘Skid landing gear mounted on anti-resonance dla impers Air inlet to engine and MGB oil coolers __ Canopy Cockpit doors (on LH & AH sides) \ ‘Subdoors or sling ‘oars (on LH & BH sides) With appropriate systems or equipment. this helicopter can fulfil the following missions: - Personnel transport (5 passengers), - VIP transport (4 passengers), = Internal load transport, - Extemal slung load transport, = Search and rescue with hoist installation = Casualty evacuation (2 stretcher cases), = Observation, flight training, to urism, etc,THM G@eurccopter =a 1.2- HELICOPTER OPERATING PUBLICATIONS {As pilots and technicians, you will have to service, fly or maintain a new helicopter. To allow you to perform your tasks as safely and as officiently as possible, you will be given a set of manuals that methodically set down the rules and instructions for maintenance, and the limitations and the procedures specified by the manufacturer - none of which can be ignored without risk. ALWAYS KEEP IN MIND THAT: ~ a limitation cannot be unaccauntably exceeded, = the service life limit of a part is not just a theoretical consideration, = a maintenance instruction often has more elfect than meets the eye, ~ and last of all, never forget that ... MPROVISATION OF ANY KIND IS BANNED. The set of publications for your helicopter includes the following: Pens is “AT EQUIPMENT PUBLICATIONS = 1.2.1. HELICOPTER PUBLICATIONS 3 families of publications 5 Maintenance publications... \dentiication catalogues Operating documents = The FLIGHT MANUAL (PMV) is the pilot's basic reference document and desoribes the limitations, normal and emergency procedures and performance data, The Flight Manual Is approved by the Airworthiness Authorities, - The MASTER SERVICING RECOMMENDATIONS (PRE) are specifically for the maintenance manager; they detail the inspection intervals and schedules, oll change and monitoring intervals, and operating time limits. ‘Maintenance documents ‘These manuals are for the maintenance technicians. They For the pilot For the mainte- provide the data necessary for maintaining the helicopter nance manager in flightworthy condition. The following manuals are required: - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION MANUAL (MOF) - WIRING DIAGRAMS AND FAULT ISOLATION, MANUALS (MCS/MF)) = STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (MTC) - MAINTENANCE (MET), REPAIR (MRA) AND STORAGE, (MST) MANUALS - INDEX OF MODIFICATIONS (SIM) For the maintenance technicians 13THM 1.2.1, HELICOPTER PUBLICATIONS (Cont'd) = The Maintenance (MET), Repair (MAR), and Storage (MST) Manuals detail the operations which can be per- formed at the different maintenance levels. ~The Fault Isolation Manual (MFI) gives advice on di- agnosing and localizing complex failures. ‘Identification Catalogs ‘These manuals provide the procurement specialists with the reference numbers of: - helicopter parts: ILLUSTRATED PARTS CATALOG (IPC) + special tools: TOOLS CATALOG (ICO) - standard articles: ADDITIONAL SUPPLY CATALOG (ICA) + Services Bulletins (SBT) Service Bulletins allow users to quickly implement all directives issued ater a new event (2.9. incidents, modi- fications, etc, They supplement the helicopter publica- tions and are incorporated in them by revisions. 1.2.2, ENGINE PUBLICATIONS * MAINTENANCE MANUAL “ILLUSTRATED PARTS AND TOOLS CATALOGS - SERVICE BULLETINS 1.2.3. SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT PUBLICATIONS, @eourcconter —> ~The Standard Practices Manual (MTC) specifies the standard application, maintenance, checking and repair procedures applicable to all helicopters, TS For the procurement specialists + Service Letters (SLT) Service letters keep users informed about current top- ics of interest; as such, they form temporary supple- ‘ments to the standard documentation and are integrated when revisions are issued. Service letters with an important technical content have a blue crosshatched border. EQUIPMENT DESCAIPTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL (MCM) Nor! I the publications comply with the overall recommendations of the ATA 100 speci- fication. in consequence, all the helicopter maintenance manuals and identification catalogs follow the same ATA breakdown in Chapter/Section/Subject.THM @euroconter yea 4.3- DESCRIPTION OF THE HELICOPTER MAIN ROTOR HUB (MAH) Starflex semi-rigid, bearingless hub (laminated glass resin star) without a drag damper. No grease nipples. Modular, fail-safe design. MAIN ROTOR BLADES: Spar made of fiberglass roving, glass fabric skin and foam core. Fail-sate design. MAIN ROTOR MAST Removable subassemblies. Mast casing aitached by 4 suspension bars which “support” the helicop- ter. MAIN GEARBOX (MGB) Modular design. Attached by flexible bidirectional sus- Pension, Two reduction gear stages (1 bevel gear drive, 1 epicylic gear train). Pressure lubrication with oll cook Ing system. Includes the servo actuators, rotor brake and hydraulic pump driva. 18THM Geurccorter —> 1.3- DESCRIPTION OF HELICOPTER (Cont'd) ! Retreating blade wo TAIL ROTOR Two-blade, hingeless, greaseless see- saw rotor with glass roving spar. Pitch change by spar twisting. Fail-sate de- sign. Advancing blade Flapping TAIL ROTOR GEARBOX (TGB) Angle reduction gear with splash lubrication, ARRIEL 1 ENGINE Free-turbine engine (clutchless drive) with integral freewheel, Modular design. Cooling system and extemally fitted oll tank. NOTE: The ARIEL 1 family of enginesvis desig- nated by a letter denoting their applicabil- ity to a given version of the helicopter.THM Geaurceorter ate 1.4- MAIN DIMENSIONS 910.69 m ~ a (85.00 ft dia.) a aq ties 1 R LS = es 8 Rig Be ge °3 2/3 2| | als ! p= 10.83 m (85.80 f 1.933atss tag Overall length = 12.94 m (42.45 ft) | \ | MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE WEIGHT Refer to the Flight Manual for the applicable version, EMPTY WEIGHT OF STANDARD HELICOPTER Refer to the Weight Sheet for the applicable helicopter. WITH MAIN ROTOR BLADES FOLDED —= Ls 2.53m 718.29 17 10.93 m (35.80)THM 1.5- AIRFRAME REFERENCE POINTS 1.5.1, HELICOPTER DATUM REFERENCES ‘The helicopter datums are specified in the 3 planes X, YandZ. +X is the datum for the longitudinal dimensions. its crigin is 3.40 m forward of the main rotor center, perpendicular to the helicopter centerline. ++ Is the datum for the lateral dimen- sions. Its origin is in the helicopter's plane of symmetry. +*Zis the reference for the vertical dimensions. Its origin is a horizontal plane located 2.60 m above the ‘cabin floor datum. 1.5.2, JACKING AND LEVELING ‘The helicopter is raised on jacks placed at the 3 jacking points integral with the structure. Vee blocks 1.5.3. WEIGHING AND C.G. LOCATION ‘Although the helicopter is weighed when it leaves the factory, the user may wish to check the weight after major modifications. ‘When the helicopter is leveled, the 3 jacks are placed ‘on weighing cells. ‘The helicopter weight is recorded in the Weight Log- book as the sum of the weights measured at each jack- ing point. ‘The canter of gravity (¢.g.) position of the empty hell copter is determined by calculating the moments (i.e. eight muted by the jacking point distance from the X, ¥ datums). The c.g. position must be such that it will be within the c.g. limits specified for takeoff and landing in the Flight Manual for the helicopter type. @eurcconter Rotor hub axis tited = 2° forward ‘The level is checked using a clinometer resting on a straightedge supported by 2 Vee blocks and aligned lon- itudinally and laterally on the transmission deck. ‘The Z datum plane Is horizontal when the clinometer reads as follows: O° laterally and -2° longitudinally RH lateral c.g. limit Forward c.g. limit,THM @euroconter meets 4.6 - SPECIAL HELICOPTER CONFIGURATIONS Coe eee ‘Two types of twin-wheel systems can be used depending on the type of ground (see Maintenance Manual), as well as a towing fixture. PICKETING Normal tiedown on LH and RH sides OPEN-AIR PARKING Adattional high wind lashing ‘Blade sock (3) lock system HOISTING, The helicopter can be hoisted (see work card) from a ring at the canter of the main rotor hub. In this case reduce the weight : ~ by defualing the helicopter, = by removing the main rotor blades.THM G@eaurcconter \}— ti, 1.7- COCKPIT LAYOUT Ventilation Thermometer and lighting Console ‘ Control quadrant, Heating’ demisting controls Fire extinguisher 1.7.1, INSTRUMENT PANEL 1 -Lighting dimmers 14 -Fuel pressure indicator 2-Marker 18 -Engine oil pressure indicator 3-Voltmeter 16 -Engine oil temperature inaicator 4 -Fus! contents gauge 17-Ammeter 5-Ng 1pm indicator 18-Timer 6-T4 indicator 19 -Not used 7 -Torquemeter 20-ADF 8 -Failure warning pane! 21 -Vertical speed indicator 9 -Airspeed Indicator 22 -Gyrocompass , 10-Gyro horizon 23-VOR 11-altimeter| -Radiocommunication and radionavigation 12-Rotor rpm indicator systems control panels. 13 -Not usedfa 8 eurocopter Yo seehin, 1.7- COCKPIT LAYOUT (Cont'd) 1.7.2; FAILURE WARNING PANEL The failure warning panel notifies the crew of a system The light test is initiated by pushbutton on the systems failure by illuminating the relevant caption. control console. RED LIGHT ON = IMMEDIATE PILOT ACTION B2 Versions B- 81-BA Versions Brightness adjustment switch Radionavigation systems 1.7.3. CONSOLE ‘contro! units | This control panel is shown with the maximum number of systems. Fuse a panel 310 Pre [rine | [core] | $8 ow| out seer ‘ / AE war wea] [ r08 | [avon reer {P| | “tr || es | | esr | ("0 war | [ ner | [soa] [700 | [wo prot |) rss urs2 | | uat | | ucir |} uct (saxon) [ow | [ sano ws HORIZON | weTER| | FILTER “ cone | | weer aa Fuse panel is 2) [are] [za =] rar 3a 32a ERT] TTY Jocuasy herr rua Roar moar une | {own | rune aR awe Collective pitch lever : locking strip 11re Sorccrter — 1.7.4, GRIP CONTROLS ON CYCLIC STICK AND COLLECTIVE PITCH LEVER Previous Versin Fiydrautlic cutott button 7 Swiveling Sight Collective lever ‘ON/OFF switch stowage stud Hydraulic cutoff switch pe lng ok posi a Atel BP canon oy 5 nartoe {ais psa swe nod one ey | etna nies tn) 342 Say Sen one 2 AP couse henson opton / 15-tot Upon Sora nn) 11H rote neon eter Pere Swiveling S/light 4-direction controlyp euroconter THM dues 4.7 - COCKPIT LAYOUT (Cont'd) 1.7.2, FAILURE WARNING PANEL ‘The failure waming panel notifies the crew of a system — The light test is initiated by pushbutton on the systems failure by iluminating the relevant caption. control console. RED LIGHT ON = IMMEDIATE PILOT ACTION B2 Versions B- B1-BA Versions BAT. prroT |aLee v| Brightness: adjustment switch Radionavigalion systems 1.7.3. CONSOLE control units SYSTEMS CONTROL CONSOLE This control panel is shown with the maximum number of systems, Fuse anal 3402 PHF | pour | | cone | | SEE) | crane . car | | PM eset FEEL war eat | [ pos | [ ero esr || PMP | | ur || | | raar | | HOP wast |] [ ner | [srmos] [tax ] [ono err) tures | | usa | | wore | | usar | | user [sme] [now] [sno] { ws nonce |yeren| Jauren| | ‘* | | MF | [ween Fuse panel mre) [Rae eno | fT 3a 320 mer fr a | | a leona ReAUse| forunok peTUATOR Flos. ‘oar : sum | Jose] | mare ARM FRING Collective pitch lever locking strio SEUROCOPTER, Ce document sta propté SEUROCOPTER. Ine pout are raprocut sans autoisaion. This dosument is EUROCOPTER property You ae ot alowed 9 copy witha prorauharzation va =e tm 4.44 shove Sreau.THM 4.7- COCKPIT LAYOUT B3 VERSION (Cont'd) Ventitation and lighting Control quadrant caleactien -Heating! demisting Say Sesemmranteconirls 4.7.4, INSTRUMENT PANEL Beurocorter Standby compass Instrument panel ooooe0000 1 -VEMO (Vehicue and Engine Multuncton Qspley) 2 Faire waming panel 4 Airspeed indeator 4 Gyro horizon 5 -Altinater 6 -NR/NF indicator 7 -Vertcal speed indeator 8-Stopwatch Caan, 9 -HS| (Horizontal Situation Indicator} 10 -Avaiabie Nowemtor 11 -Engine controls panel The V.E.M.D. is an instrument that displays the engine and vehicle parameters. It replaces the conventional indicators and presents tha informa- tions of the engine controls, the fuel controls, the ‘electric generation, - ayoneedas It also includes some further functions health control, cycle recording, engineaad EB eurcconter Yom 1.7 - COCKPIT LAYOUT B3 VERSION (Cont'd) 4.7.2. FAILURE WARNING PANEL ‘The failure warning panel notifies the crew of a system The light tast is initiated by pushbutton on the systems failure by lluminating the relevant caption. control console. RED LIGHT ON = IMMEDIATE PILOT ACTION A.Night/ Day selector is used lo modify the = Sen brightness of — eye {he warning pant Eioedt “VEMD. e NR indicator anon. -ngP-? = we Radionavigation systems 4.7.3. CONSOLE ‘control units SYSTEMS CONTROL CONSOLE ‘This control panel is shown with the maximum umber of systems. Fuse panel 31 freed fmm | ome) Fame | foe rH woe . Powe eset war ‘woot | [pos | [ron Test ur ff ere | | rer | | HOM war | [war | Perroe] [ree ] [uno pron) | rss | | usa | | our | | uaa | | uae fawea] [ aow | [ avo wis worzon | verer| | rer} | ‘* | | CMF | [wren Fuse panel Sia 920 are] [RL vwverr| hrrruo Jocuenel (geausel FLOAT. fot , cans || Howne} | Fane ARM an Collective pitch lever locking strip © EUROCOPTER. Ce document atla propaité ¢EUROCOPTER. Ina pau dre reprodult sans aueisaton. This documartis EUROCOTER propary, Youare not alowed fo copy t witout ror aulhortzation w+ -w =r AASTHM Geurcoonter —p prnajure 1.7.4. GRIP CONTROLS ON CYCLIC STICK AND COLLECTIVE PITCH LEVER Previous Versin Hydraulic cutoft button 7 Collective lever 2” swiveling Sfight ONOFF ont / stowage stud Hydraulic cutoff switch 1-"Open sling hook” pushbutton (option) 2 -Autopilot (AP) disengagement (option) 3-Not used 4-Radia/ICS push-to-talk switch 5-Not used 6 -Not used 7--AP trim load release (option) 8-AP 4-way switch (option) 9-AP coupler disengagement (option) 10 -Hoist UP/DOWN contro} (option) Swiveling Sight 4-direction control 11 -Flace release or weapon firing (option) Present Version PILOT'S COLLECTIVE LEVER 83 VERSION (TWIST GRIP) Guearoere Collective fever Swiveling Slight ON/ ‘slowage stud OFF ewiten Teton de segeco de colecriy> bes. aacgo sade a Swiveling Sfight ae direction contro! culo# switch Pushbutton ‘Automatic governor focking "SCROLL" switch : VEMO. display swapping combo, ~ FrictionTHM 2a. 2. 212. 213, 22- 23- 24- 28- 28+ 281 27- 27 272, 273, 28- 281 282. 2.9- 2.10- 210.1. 2102 2.103 210.4 @eaurcconter : yi STRUCTURE GENERAL STRUCTURAL SUBASSEMBLIES DIMCNSIONS OF ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS USA2LE AREAS AND VOLUMES - PERMISSIBLE FLOOR LOADS BODY STRUCTURE REAR STRUCTURE CANOPY BOTTOM STRUCTURE AND CABIN FLOOR TAIL BOOM EFFECT OF STRAKE ON TAIL BOOM TAIL UNIT HORIZONTAL STABILIZER AND FINS HORIZONTAL STABILIZER WITH TAIM STRIP DORSAL AND VENTRAL FINS Doors (CABIN DOOR JETTISON SYSTEM LOCKING INDICATORS FOR SIDE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENTS DOORS COWLINGS, FAIRINGS, BULKHEADS SKID-TYPE LANDING GEAR GENERAL - ASSEMBLY OF LANDING GEAR LANDING GEAR FITTINGS LANDING GEAR SHOCK ABSORBERS GROUND RESONANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE SHOCK ABSORBERSTHM 24- GENERAL 2.4.1, STRUCTURAL SUBASSEMBLIES Bottom structure and cabin floor Landing gear The wide use of plastics should be noted. In particular the entire canopy is made of polycarbonate. ‘A FEW WORDS ABOUT THESE NEW MATERIALS ‘They are synthetic resins divided into 2 main classes: - Thermopiastics which soften when heated and harden when cooled, @.g. polyamides (Nylon, lsan), polycar- bonates, ete. = Tharmosatting resins which, under the combined ac- tion of heat and a hardener, hot-cure irreversibly to form {new product, @.g. epoxy resins, silicone, etc. Laminates and laminated honeycomb are reinforced Plastics with very good mechanical strength properties. Laminated materials are produced from thermosetting resins and reinforcing materials (glass, carbon, graph- ite, boron or other fibers). @eurccopter Stabilizers boom Rear structure Body structure Altugiass Makroion Light alloy Honeycomb Thermoplastics (polycarbonate, polyamide) [EBB Laminates (reinforced plastics) HB sec01 BR] Stainless steel The reinforcing fibers are formed in lay-ups or woven, then impregnated with the basic resin. Several lay-ups or fabric layers are stacked up, placed in a mold and cured. The direction of the reinforcing fibers depends on the loads applied. Laminated honeycombs have a honeycomb odre (metal, lass fabric, Nomex, etc), each face of which receives one of more preimpregnated layers of fabric. The whole assembiy is oven-cured.THM 2.4.2. Cabin height 1.35 m @eauroconter DIMENSIONS OF ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS. ( wrath W =1.10 m Height = 1.10m DIMENSIONS OF ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS 2.1.3. USABLE AREAS AND VOLUMES - PERMISSIBLE FLOOR LOADS AH CONBERTWENT [7 | FWD = 12007 L length 1.000 m- w {FWD = 0.380 m |e a.00m-w { tne eeeaeell| fatten Veena n=0.740m - V=0.200m° h20.700m ~ V=0.565 m? Permiss. distributed load = 00 kg REAR COMPARTMENT Permissible distributed load = 80 kg CABIN FLOOR Usable area = 2.800 m* Floor structural strength = 600 kg/m? 11 tledown points each with capacity of 1000 daN h=0.740m - V=0235 m? Permiss. distributed load = 120 kg ‘TOTAL VOLUME OF 3 COMPARTMENTS = 1.000 m=” 23THM Qeurocopter =a 2.2- BODY STRUCTURE This is the strongest part of the airframe since it directly carries the flight loads (i.e. it F,, and weight P) and the landing loads. ‘THE BODY FORMS A RIGID BOX STRUCTURE Italso supports the main transmission components (MGB and rotor), landing gear, cabin floor and rear structure, and contains the fuel tank. 1 “Transmission deck 2-Rear bulkhead. Attachment of rear structure 3 -Lateral beams (1 each on LH & AH sides). Attachment of bottom structure beams 4-Gross members. Fuel tank support 5 -Front bulkhead incilned 15° rearward 6 -Upper bulkhead inclined 7° forward 7 -Longitudinal bulkheads. Thick plates. 2.3- REAR STRUCTURE ‘The rear structure consists of 8 frames joined by beams. The rear and forward frames support the engine. The tail boom bolts onto the 3rd junction frame and can be easily removed. The rear structure is arranged as a baggage compart- The aft jacking point is on the junction frame 1 -Engine deck (stainless stee! sheet) —_| 6 -Access to baggage compartment 2-Beam under engine deck 7 -Recessed footstep for access to transmission deck * 3-Tail boom junction frame 8 -Baggage compartment floor (access to electrical master box) 4-Skin 9-Forward frame 5 -Rear frameTHM 8 eurocopter Yeah 2.4- CANOPY ‘The following canopy components: They are hot molded and assembled by thermowelding, = cabin roof (8), nose (6) and uprights (8) ‘The canopy structure bolts onte the cabin floor and onto are made of fiberglass-reinforced polycarbonate. the body structure bulkhead, INSTALLATION OF TRANSPARENCIES DOOR SEALING Cabin oright Windshield Nose 1 - Windshield panels (Plexiglas) 5-Lower windows on LH & RH sides (transparent 2 -Roof windows (Makrofon) polycarbonate) 3 -Cabin roof consisting of 2 halt-shells inside which | 6 -Nose the cabin ventilation air is ducted 7 -Windshield uprights 4-Door hinges 2.5- BOTTOM STRUCTURE AND CABIN FLOOR The bottom structure supporting the cabin is cantilevered out from the body structure. Two beams, laterally stif- ‘ened by cross members, are riveted to the body struc ture side beams and support the front part of the land- ing gear. Cabin floor center panel These beams carry the front Jacking pads (baljoints) Cabin floor. front panel LH beam FH beam 25THM 2.6- TAILBOOM ‘The tail boom is constructed of circular frames covered with skin, Overall bending rigiity is provided by plate stiffeners. ‘The tail boom supports: ~ the tall gearbox (TGB), secured to 2 frames, + the horizontal stabilizer, mounted between 2 main frames, = the tal rotor drive shafts, = the fins 2.6.1. In sideways fight tothe lft, the main rotor downwash deflected and accelerated over the RH side of the boom, which induces a negative pressure of approxi ‘mately 1 mbar/err? along the entire tall boom. This re~ duces the effect of the tall rotor by roughly'5%. A strake added at 45° causes the main rotor downwash flow to separate and restores the pressure to the static value. The effect of the strake is thus to regain the 5% mo- ment and to improve the tal rotor efficiency (including in hover). Qeaurcconter —> 1-T/R drive shaft mounts 2 -Area strengthened by stiffeners 3-TGB forvard mount 4 -Horizontal stabilizer mounting doubters 5 -Skin 6 -Inspection door 7-Maintrames 8 -Tail cone Ballast plates may be mounted inside the tail cone to correct the c.g. position of the empty helicopter. EFFECT OF TAIL BOOM STRAKE (B2 version) ‘Main rotor downwash Aerodynamic gain Tail boom View looking forward ‘The strake (1) is secured longitudinally from the forward frame to the horizontal stabilizer. It is designed to gen- crate a pressure equal to the static pressure on the RH side of the tall boom.THM @erroconter 2.7- TAILUNIT The tail unit consists of: ~ a horlzontal stabilizer (1), = upper fn (2), +a lower fin (3). In excessively nose-up landings, a tail guard (4) pro- tects the ventral fin. ‘These vertical and horizontal surfaces act as stabiliz- ers, i. when subject to a relative wind, they tend: = to counteract any changes to the helicopter's attitude, 10 bring the helicopter back to its original attitude after any deviations, SPECIAL FEATURE OF FINS In cruise tight, the asymmetric NACA airfoil of the dor- sal fin generatas an aerodynamic force F, that opposes the main rotor’s counter torque C,, and thus reinforces the tal rotor thrust. This allows the tail rotor pitch to be reduced and power to be saved. The ventral fin has a symmetric NACA airfoil to stabilize the helicopter about its yaw axis. SPECIAL FEATURE OF HORIZONTAL STABILIZER This stabilizer has an asymmetric NACA airfoil, set at negtiv angle to the horizontal datum ; when subject to a relative wind V, the airfoll generates an aerodynamic force F tending to right the helicopter. Negativ angie setting ( \ ~4 cy upper FN v — = FA LOWER FIN Horizontal datum tine Nose-up moment 2.7THM G@errcconter yaa 2.7.1. HORIZONTAL STABILIZER WITH TRIM STRIP Trim strip ‘except B version Horizontal stabilizer Doubler fittings 2.7.2. DORSAL AND VENTRAL FINS Attachment fitings be Tail guard Attachment fittings Laminated schim (as required)THM @eurccorter 2.8- DOORS ‘The helicopter has the following doors: two cabin doors (1), one on either side, accessing the pilot seats, = two subdoors (2), one on either side, accessing the rear of the cabin, a laminated LH baggage compartment door (4) and a symmetric laminated RH baggage compartment door, + a laminated rear compartment door (5) All the above doors have a key-operated safaty lack. The LH and RH baggage compartment doors are hinged along thelr top edges and can be held open by a rod (3) which clips on the inside of the door for stowage. Certain missions (hoisting and casualty evacuation) re- quire better access to the rear of the cabin. This is achieved by replacing the LH standard door and LH subdoor by a narrower pilot door and a wider sliding door running an rails. The sliding door may be opened, and locked open, in fight. 2.8.1. CABIN DOOR JETTISON SYSTEM ‘The two front doors are fitted with a jettison system. When operated, a handle (1) on the door jamb pulls out, the hinge pins and neutralizas the door closure lock. ‘The spring rod does not have lock pins at its two ends. In the locked position, the handle is held by a polycar- bonate guard (2), which is secured by 3 lugs (3). ‘The compressed air expands to assist the opening of the door (extension force = 5 daN) and to hoid it open. The air is compressed when the door is closed. “Clear vision" window LocksTH @eaurceonter = 2.8- DOORS (Cont'd) 2.8.2, LOCKING INDICATORS FOR SIDE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT DOORS ‘The baggage compartment doors are kept closed by 2 When the locks are not engaged, the paralie-connected locks, each of which contol a miroswch mirosntcheslluminate @ warning ight on the aire waning panel Front lock ‘A Central lock oS canta lock ow microswitch ont as _ Front lack rod Doors Front lock microswitch 1-Gooler air ine, laminated, secured by bolts ‘8-MGB opening cowiings (LH & RH), laminated, 2-MGB upper cowings, ight alloy sheet, attached by | hinged on MGB upper cowlings, held open by D2US fasteners. 10d and locked by Hartwell and toggle fasteners. 3-Opening engine cowngs, Nomex, hinged on 9-Rear lower cowing, laminated, secured by firewall. Held open by rod. Locked by toggle fasteners. Hartwell and toggle fasteners. 410-Two-section intermediate lower fairings, 4 -Junction fairing, laminated, secured by DZUS. laminated, secured by bolts. 5 -Tail rotor drive shaft fainings (3 sections), 11 -Front lower faring, laminated, secured by toggle light aloy sheet, secured by DZUS. fasteners. 6 -TGB fairings, light alloy sheet, secured by DZUS. |12-Firewall, stainless steel. 7-Tall boom end aring, ight aloy sheet, secured by bols._| 13 -Baggage compartment frebarrier walls, light alloy.THM @eurccorter 2.40 - SKID TYPE LANDING GEAR 2.10.1. GENERAL - ASSEMBLY OF LANDING GEAR The landing gear supports the helicopter, protects the 1 + Skid, light alloy | damn en enieg and dames cat bration we he SoMa ay | hafleoptar ia. onthe ground with ie rotor spinning 2B Hheact ene abeerber The landing gear assembly comprises: 4 “Rear cross tube, steel | ~ a front cross tube (2) and a rear cross tube (4) 5 -Altachment point stop | “wo sas é-otuctue “wo Rycraut shock absorbers (3) 7 Upper ining. lastomer ee S-Lpemay per aues abe | ~ | 9-Lomer thing, elastomer | ote Glamped to boty =| 10-Haltlamp | a Sucre 9 Brock absorbers secured xbutnoads oe ., 00 15° frame Clamped to bottom ‘structure beams 2.10.2. LANDING GEAR FITTINGS 1 -Support bolt for handling wheel ftings 2-Engine access rear foolstep. 3 -Flexible stee! strip 4-Stoe! wear pads 5 -Cabin emtry footstep. (high L/G) 6 -Footstep anti-skid pad NOTE : An optional wear plate is available to protect the skids over their full length. Installation holes for handling wheels 4 fer different helicopter c.g. positions 241THM @eurccopter 2.10.3, LANDING GEAR SHOCK ABSORBERS ‘The main characteristic of the shock absorber is its damping velocity ‘When a 500 daN load is applied: ~ the piston moves through + 2 mm + ata velocity of 35 mm/s >and a frequency of 3.1 Hz 7-Cleaning seal 2-Hydraulic fluid reservoir 3-Plug 4-Piston 5-Cylinder 6 -Shock absorber casing 7--Fillng and bleed non-retum valve 8-Overpressure spring washer 9-Overpressure spring washer 10-Normal throtting orifice OPERATION 1 = Load < 550 daN Damping is produced by throttling luid through the call- brated ontice (10). 2- Load > 550 daN Overpressure spring washers (8) and (8) move up to significantly increase the fluid flow area: - upward load: washer (9) moves up = downward load: washer (8) moves up. 3 Non-return valve (7) automatically bleeds off and fils the working chambers from the fluid reservoir (2) It should be noted that external leakage cannot occur because the fluid recovered between the shock absorber casing and cylinder is fed back into the reservoir (2). —> Attachment fitting on 15° Rod-end bearing Bolt locking clamp on L/G cross tube Chamtered washersTHM @eourceopter — 2.10.4. GROUND RESONANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE SHOCK ABSORBERS. When the helicopter is in fight, the rotors, engine and drive shafts generate vibrations that propagate through the airframe, whose components vibrate at their own natural frequency varying mainly with their weight, stif- ress or flexibility (Le. their shape, dimensions and ma- terials). The helicopter is thus subjected to a complex pattern of vibrations, which can sum up (vibration am- ide increases) or subtract (vibration amplitude de- creases). The designer obviously attempts to reduce the vibration level by “tuning” the natural frequency of the helicopter components. When the helicopter is in flight, tis isolated and the vibrational level always stabi- lizes in given flight conditions - neither Increasing nor decreasing. In contrast, when the helicopter is on the ground with its rotor spinning, the vibrations have a support point via the landing gear, if the natural frequency of the landing {gear coincides with the principal vibrational frequencies Of the main rotor, the vibrations are augmented every blade revolution as they receive @ new "reflected" im- pulse. The vibration amplitude then increases very rap- idly, the vibration becomes divergent and the resulting oscillations can destroy and overturn the helicopter. This phenomenon is called GROUND RESONANCE. A flexible steel strip bent downwards behind the skid increases the landing gear stifass and changes its natural frequency so that ground resonance can never Amplitude approximately 1 We tears Steel strip bends downward Inadaltion, the function of the shock absorbers between the landing gear's "soft" front leg and the structure is to absorb the vibration energy and hence prevent all di- vergent oscillations. Another point to note Is that the flexibility of the cross ‘tubes, skids and steel strip attenuates the helicopter's vertical deceleration at touchdown whereas the impact energy is absorbed by the shock absorbers and by the rubbing action of the skids on the ground, 2.43