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Report GSM Based Remote Monitoring of 3 Parameters On Transformers

The document discusses a system for remotely monitoring 3 parameters (temperature, current, and potential) of distribution transformers using GSM technology. Sensors measure the 3 analog values and send them sequentially to a microcontroller via an ADC. The microcontroller then transmits the data directly to a GSM module. At the receiver end, another microcontroller receives the real-time data and any error signals and can operate relays accordingly. The system allows monitoring of transformer health parameters remotely to identify issues early.

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Jilly Arasu
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183 views16 pages

Report GSM Based Remote Monitoring of 3 Parameters On Transformers

The document discusses a system for remotely monitoring 3 parameters (temperature, current, and potential) of distribution transformers using GSM technology. Sensors measure the 3 analog values and send them sequentially to a microcontroller via an ADC. The microcontroller then transmits the data directly to a GSM module. At the receiver end, another microcontroller receives the real-time data and any error signals and can operate relays accordingly. The system allows monitoring of transformer health parameters remotely to identify issues early.

Uploaded by

Jilly Arasu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GSM BASED REMOTE MONITORING OF 3 PARAMETERS ON

TRANSFORMERS / GENERATOR HEALTH

SYNOPSIS

The main aim of the project is to acquire data of distribution transformers


remotely by GSM modem or XBEE. For this real-time scenario we can take one
temperature sensor, one potential transformer and one current transformer for
monitoring these 3 data of the transformer and then send the same to a remote
location. 3 analog values are taken in multiplexing mode connected to a
programmable microcontroller of 8051 family through an IC ADC 0808. Then the
values of all the sensors are sent sequentially as per the frequency of multiplexing of
the ADC by MC .They are then sent directly to XBEE module operating at 2.4GHz
for transmitting the same data. Remote receiver is also a microcontroller based unit
that receives not only the real time data but also the error signal along with to operate
corresponding relay for any action with LCD display.

The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps
down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier and it
is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the
operation of the microcontroller and other components.
INTRODUCTION

Transformers are one of the key and most valuable components in a power
system. Equipping them with an on-line monitoring system is essential for information
gathering, condition assessment, better management and decision making. Decades of
experience in transformer design, production and on-site diagnostics as well as a field-
proven hardware platform are built into Konar TMS a state-of-the-art monitoring
and diagnostic system.

Features

Comprehensive on-line monitoring system for all types of power transformers


and shunt reactors
Modular and expandable system for a new or an existing transformer
(retrofitting), open to any transformer manufacturer
Provides monitoring and diagnostic for all vital transformer parts by integrating
the available sensors and supporting various IED communication protocols
Built-in models for transformer condition assessment (bushings, thermal
model, insulation ageing, cooling efficiency, OLTC)
Advanced trending analysis tools
Interpretation methods of fault gas analysis according to the relevant IEC and
IEEE standards
User defined alarm limit and gradient setting
Long term archival of data and event logging
Periodic automatic report generation
Various remote access options

Bushings
Operating voltages
Overvoltages
Change of bushing capacitance
Tan delta /power factor
Loading current (single or three phase)
Active part
Power (apparent, active, reactive)
Losses Oil temperature (top, bottom)
Ambient temperature
Hot-spot temperature (calculation or fiber optic measurement)
Gas in oil (single or multi gas sensors)
Moisture in oil and paper
Paper insulation ageing and lifetime
Partial discharges
Electrical, acoustic and UHF methods available
On-Load Tap Changer
Tap position
Number of switching operations
Switching time
Power consumption of the OLTC motor drive
OLTC oil temperature and differential
Sum of switched current
Contact wear
Cooling system
Oil temperatures at the cooler inlets and outlets
Cooling efficiency
Running hours of pumps and fans
Content of gas in the Buchholz relay
Oil level in the conservator
Intelligent cooling control
Auxiliary equipment statuses and alarms (pressure relief device, OTI, WTI,
Buchholz relay, etc.)

There are mainly two methods of transformer monitoring one is on line monitoring
and other is off line monitoring technique. Offline monitoring has following
disadvantages:
a) Operation is done manually
b) Time consuming
c) Demand a lot of labour work
So to avoid such problems online monitoring is done which is most accurate, fast
and reliable which can protect transformer as well as overall system and maintain
stability. On line monitoring is preferred as it transmits and receives data wirelessly so
this wireless transmission system reduces complexity and also give fast response. On
line monitoring can be done by using various devices such as gsm, zigbee, Wi-fi,
Bluetooth, RF.

Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, particularly in the field of


computers as well as micro-controllers, all the activities in our day to day living have
become a part of information and we find computers and micro-controllers at each and
every application. Thus, the trend is directing towards computer based project works.
However, in this project work the basic signal processing of temperature, load current
and input high voltage parameters related to the distribution transformers are
monitored with analog electronics only. For measuring various parameters values,
various transducers are used and the output of these transducers are converted to
control the parameters. The control circuit is designed using micro-controller. The
outputs of all the three parameters are fed to the analog to digital converter for
converting the analog information in to the digital information and this digital
information is fed to micro-controller. The output of the micro-controller is used to
drive the digital display, so that the value of each parameter can be displayed. In
addition to the digital display micro-controller outputs are also used to drive four
relays independently. These relays energize and de-energizes automatically according
to the condition of the parameter. Out of four relays one relay is treated as common
relay and energizes automatically whenever any parameter exceeds its present value.
This relay contact is used to break the supply to the transformer primary. The
remaining three relays are used for the three different parameters, to transmit the
information about the failured parameter. For example, if the load is more than the
rated load, then immediately the micro-controller energizes one relay out of these
three relays and this relay contact is used to provide supply to the low frequency
oscillator, which produces a perfect square wave of 1 KHz approximately. This low
frequency is fed to transmitter as a modulating wave, which is super imposed over the
carrier and transmitted as a modulated wave. Likewise for other two parameters, two
different low frequencies are generated. The idea of generating three different low
frequencies is to identify the failured parameter and to transmit the failured
information.
In the receiver, the received information in the form of low frequency as a
modulated wave is demodulated, amplified and converted into proportionate DC
voltage using frequency to voltage converter. The output of this F/V converter is
again converted into digital pulses, which are essential for the computer. Here the
computer is used at receiving end, where the receiver is installed; generally the
receiving part of the system can be installed at electrical office.
In power systems, distribution transformer is electrical equipment which
distributes power to the low-voltage users directly, and its operation condition is an
important component of the entire distribution network operation. However, their life
is significantly reduced if they are subjected to overloading, resulting in unexpected
failures and loss of supply to a large number of customers thus effecting system
reliability. The monitoring devices or systems which are presently used for monitoring
distribution transformer exist some problems and deficiencies.

1. Ordinary transformer measurement system generally detects a single


transformer parameter, such as power, current, voltage, and phase.
2. Detection system itself is not reliable.
3. Timely detection data will not be sent to monitoring centers in time, which
cannot judge distribution transformers three-phase equilibrium.
4. Many monitoring systems use power carrier communication to send data, but
the power carrier communication has some disadvantages: serious frequency
interference, with the increase in distance the signal attenuation serious, load
changes brought about large electrical noise.

According to the above requirements, we need a distribution transformer real-


time monitoring system to detect all operating parameters operation, and send to the
monitoring center in time. This will help to identify problems before any serious
failure which leads to a significant cost savings and greater reliability.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION


The proposed system consists of two blocks: transmitter and receiver block;
both use a microcontroller of 8051 family and a rectified power supply. This project
consists of a GSM modem for communication.

The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps
down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier and it is
then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the
operation of the microcontroller and other components.

A GSM modem interfaces to the microcontroller through a level shifter at


transmitting end and receiving end. 3 sensors are interfaced to the microcontroller at
the transmitter end through analog to digital converter (ADC) for monitoring the
parameters of the transformer. The loads are controlled by relays interfaced to the
microcontroller at the receiver end through relay driver. The LCD is interfaced to the
microcontroller for displaying the information.
Three sensors are fixed at the transmitter end with a certain range of each
parameter; and, if these parameters exceed the fixed limits, then the transmitter sends
a signal to the receiver end using the GSM modem connected to the microcontroller to
switch a load as warning using relay, and displays the message on the LCD display.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
This system is about design and implementation of a mobile embedded system
to monitor and record key parameters of a distribution transformer like load currents,
overvoltage, oil level, winding temperature and ambient temperature. The idea of on-
line monitoring system integrates a global service mobile (GSM) Modem, with a
single chip microcontroller and different sensors. It is installed at the distribution
transformer site and the above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital
converter (ADC) of the embedded system.

The obtained parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If
any abnormality or an emergency situation occurs the system sends SMS (short
message service) messages to the mobile phones containing information about the
abnormality according to some predefined instructions programmed in the
microcontroller. This mobile system will help the transformers to operate smoothly
and identify problems before any failure.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
Microcontroller

The microcontroller is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit


microcomputer with 8 Kbytes of Flash Programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density non-volatile
memory technology and is compatible with the industry Standard instruction set and
pin out. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the
microcontroller is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and
cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

LCD Display

The display used is 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display); which means 16
characters per line by 2 lines. The standard is referred as HD44780U, which refers to
the controller chip which receives data from an external source and communicates
directly with the LCD. Here 8-bit mode of LCD is used, i.e., using 8-bit data bus.

GSM Modem

A GSM Modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a sim card and
operates over subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone from the
mobile operator perspective. The term GSM modem is used as a generic term to refer
to any modem that supports one or more of the protocol in the GSM.
Relay Circuit

Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits


electrically and connect them magnetically. They are very useful devices and allow
one circuit to switch another one while they are completely separate. They are often
use to interface an electronic circuit to an electrical circuit which works at very high
voltage. In basic relay there are three contactors normally open (NO), normally close
(NC), a common (COM).At no input state, the COM is connected to NC. When the
operating voltage is applied to relay coil gets energized and COM changes to NO
contact.
ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
No wires involved in the proposed system. Hence we can avoid power and data
loss.
It can able to detect the faults due to over current, overvoltage,
increased temperature at real time using RF.
Monitoring multiple transformers sitting in an office is possible.
Prefault condition is easily detected and cleared at same time to avoid system
failure.
Fault monitoring requires less time also use of RF gives most accurate, fast
response.
This type of monitoring protects transformer and overall system so system
reliability and stability increases.
This type of monitoring provide significant benefits for utility consumers
as ideal power supply can be possible which is free from fault and losses.
Over current, over voltage, over temperataure these main faults are prevented
using this technique.

APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Smart Grid
Transformer monitoring in remote areas
Industrial data acquisition system
Wireless Data Transmission

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. We can monitor more parameters.

CONCLUSION
We design this system to protect distribution transformer from overheating and
overloading. In this system , when temperature of transformer increases beyond the set
point then there is possibility of damage the winding of transformer ,to avoid this fans
are get started to avoid the overheating of transformer. Also when current of
transformer increase due to sudden increase in load in end user side, then immediately
message is send to the operator, then operator read this message and immediate action
is takes place. Hence, transformer gets protected.

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