Combined Footing 01

Find a suitable rectangular combined footing for the conditions shown below.
Given f 'c 3 ksi f y 60 ksi qa 2.5 ksf

Column 1 Column 2

12 in x 12 in 16 in x 16 in = 1.33 ft x 1.33 ft
4 # 7 bars 6 # 8 bars
DL = 80 kips DL = 120 kips
LL = 60 kips LL = 110 kips

140 kips 230 kips

Edge of column 1 at P.L. ; spacing 20 ft o.c.

20 ft
Poperty line
P1u =214 kips P2u = 355 kips
Rp = 569 kips

16
1.33 ft
12

q ' qu B
x 13 ft Rq

L 2 x 26 ft

STEP 1: Convert column loads to ultimate; then, convert qa to qu.

P1 140 P1u 1.4 80 1.7 60 124 kips

P1 230 P2u 1.4 120 1.7 110 355 kips

370 569 kips

ULT U 569 U 569

Ratio: 1.54 qu qa 1.54 2.5 3.85 ksf
ACT A 370 A 370
STEP 2: Determine footing dimensions L and B

M o 0 Rx P1 x1 P2 x2
569 x 214 0.5 355 20.5
x 12.98 ft , say : 13 ft Thus, L 2 x 26 ft
The rounding to 26 ft will prevent complete closure of the moment diagram, but negligibly.

B
P1u P2u
569
5.684 ft use 5 ft 9 in. for construction; B= 5.75 ft.
Lqu 26 3.85
kip kip
q ' 3.85 5.684 21.885 say : 21.89
ft ft
STEP 3: Draw shear (V) and moment (M) diagrams. The column loads are treated as
concentrated loads acting at the centers of the columns. The shear and moments diagrams are
shown below.
P1=214 kips 20 ft P2 =355 kips 5.5 ft.

219.88 k
234.74 k

-10.94 k
+0.13 k

-120.26 k
-203.6 k -192.17 k -106.88 k
9.27 ft 10.73 ft 320.93 k-ft
244.84 k-ft
2.73 k-ft 168.64 k-ft

-9.78 k-ft

-938.45 k-ft
STEP 4: Determine the footing depth based on wide-beam and diagonal-tension shear, as
indicated in figure. Note that the diagonal-tension analysis reflects on a three-sided
section for column 1 and four-sided section for column 2. (If column 2 were close to
the end of the footing, a three-sided analysis might be required; however, thats not
the case here). We shall first determine d via a wide-beam analysis, then check for
diagonal tension. From the shear diagram, the maximum shear is near column 2. at a
distance d from the face of column 2.

V
V 219.88 21.89 d , Also, from vc , Bdvc 219.88 21.89 d
Bd

12 in + d/2 =25.46 in 16 in + d = 42.92 in

1 12 in + d 2 16 in +d 5.68 ft

In our case , vc 2 f 'c 2 0.85 3000 93.1 psi 13.4 ksf ,

Hence, 5.68 13.4 d 219.88 21.89d , Solving d 2.24 ft 26.92 in
Using d 26.92 in we check diagonal tension at column 1.
V=column load less upward soil pressure = 214 Aqu 214 A 3.85
d
A 12 12 d 12 13.46 12 26.92 991 in 2 6.91 ft 2
2
d
Hence, V= 214-(6.91)(3.85) =187.5 kips, Perimeter 2 12 12 d 89.84 in 7.5 ft
2
187.5
vc 11.19 ksi 4 f 'c < 26.8 ksi OK.
7.5 2.24

42.92
2
Perimeter
42.92
At column 2 A 12.79 ft 2 and 4 14.31 ft
144 12
V 355 12.79 3.85 305.76 kips
305.76
vc 9.54 ksi 4 f 'c 26.8 OK.
14.31 2.24
 a M
STEP 5: Determine the longitudinal reinforcement steel, As : As d
2 fy
As f y
for f y 60ksi , f 'c 3ksi, b 12 in a 1.96 As
0.85 f 'c b
Hence,
12
As 26.92 0.98 As 938.45
0.9 60 5.68
in 2
Solving As 1.44 width
ft
1.44 200
p 0.0044 0.00333 pmax 0.016
26.92 12 fy
As TOT 1.44 B 1.44 5.68 8.18 in 2

Use 11 # 8 bars (As = 8.63 in2 ) at 6 in o.c. across top of footing (at approximately 4 in from each
Side). Provided that 1/3 of the bars extend the full length of the footing, the bars could be cut off
as dictated by the moment requirements (moment diagram). However, the saving is not worth the
effort (engineering, fabrication, placing, etc.). Thus, typically, all bars will run the full length of
the footing.
200
Based on , As min 0.0033 26.92 12 1.07 in 2 . For the positive moment,
fy
+As = 1.07 x 5.68 = 6.08 in2. Use 8 # 8 bars; As = 6.28 in2. > 6.08 in2. ; this is larger by the
required positive moment. Place these bars at 8.5 in. c.c. and say 4 in. from bottom.
Also, based on the moment diagram, running 1/3 of As (three bars) the full length of the footing
satisfies both code and moment requirements. The other five bars could be cut off at, say, half
length and placed on the right half (column 2 side) of the footing.

STEP 6: Determine As in the short direction. Reference is made to the figure below. The widths
s1 = 12 + 0.75(26.92) = 32.19 in. = 2.68 ft and s2 = 16 + 1.5(26.92) = 56.38 in. = 4.7 ft.

s1 s2

B 1 2

l1 l2

2.68 ft 15.47 ft 4.70 ft 3.15 ft

Column 1
P 214
q' 14.06 ksf
Bs1 5.68 2.68

l1
5.68 1 2.34 ft
2
12
M 1 14.06 2.34
2
4.61.92 k in
2
Placing the transverse steel above the positive longitudinal steel, d = (25.92 1) = 25.92 in
461.92 0.334 in 2 0.895 in 2
Thus, A 25.92 0.98 A A
s s
0.9 60 Solving s ft s1
width.

Based on pmin As 2.75 in 2

s1 s2

B 1 2

l1 l2

2.68 ft 15.47 ft 4.70 ft 3.15 ft

See the figure above to determine transverse steel reinforcement for the footing.

Thus, use 5 # 7 bars, at 8 inches c.c. As 3.00 in 2 2.75 in 2

0.04 0.60 60, 000
ld 26.3 in ld available 2.34 2 28 in
3000

For column 2: Transverse + As .

355
s2 4.70 ft ; q' 13.30 psf
4.70 5.68
l2
5.68 1.33 2.17 ft
2
13.30 2.17 12
2

M2 375.71 k in
2
Using d = 25.92 in (transverse bars on top of longitudinal)
375.71 4.82 in 2
As 25.92 0.92 As 4.82 in 2 Based on pmin As width.
0.9 60 s2
Use nine # 7 bars at 6.5 in. c.c. As 5.40 in
2

Development length is same as above.

Based on pmin As in 15.47 ft sec tion 15.87 in , Thus use 27 # 7 bars at 6.75 in. c.c.
2

STEP 7: Evaluate dowel steel.

Column 1
Allowablef c 0.85 0.7 f 'c 1.785 ksi (ACI 10.15)
P = 12 x 12 x 1.785 = 257 > 214 kips.
Thus, dowels are not required for load transfer, but Code (ACI 15.8) designates four bars such
that As 0.005 Ag . As 0.005 12 12 0.72 in2 Use four # 6 bars; As 1.76 in .
2

Column 2:
A2 A2
f c 0.85 0.7 f 'c use 2 if 2
A1 A1

In our case,
f c 0.85 0.7 3 2 3.57 ksi
P 16 16 3.57 913.9 355 kips OK.

Use four # 6 bars; As 1.76 16 16 0.005 1.28 in OK.

2

STEP 8: Make a drawing showing design details.

P1 P2

12 in x12 in L = 26 ft 16 in x 16 in
B = 5 ft, 9 in.

4 # 6 dowels 11 # 8 bars full length 4 # 6 dowels 3.5 in

31 in #7 bar 3 # 8 bar 5 # 8, 13 ft long # 7 bar 27 in

2.68 ft 15.47 ft 4.70 ft 3.15 ft 4 in

5 # 7 bars 27 # 7 bars 9 # 7 bars 6 # 7 bars
transverse direction
L= 26 ft
STRAP FOOTING

Property line (PL)

1 Strap 2

Footing 2

Footing 1

P1 P2

Strap

q=0

q q
e R1 R2

Typical configuration of a strap footing.