University of Mumbai Department of Life Long Learning and Extension Certificate
University of Mumbai Department of Life Long Learning and Extension Certificate
HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood
transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or
breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. Methods of
prevention include safe sex, needle exchange programs, treating those who are infected, and
male circumcision. Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child
antiretroviral medication. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow
the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. Treatment is
recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. Without treatment, the average survival time
after infection is 11 years.
In 2015 about 36.7 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 1.1 million deaths.
Most of those infected live in sub-Saharan Africa. Between its discovery and 2014 AIDS has
caused an estimated 39 million deaths worldwide. HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic a disease
outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. HIV is believed to have
originated in west-central Africa during the late 19th or early 20th century. AIDS was first
recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and
its cause HIV infection was identified in the early part of the decade.
HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of discrimination.
The disease also has large economic impacts. There are many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. The disease has become
subject to many controversies involving religion including the Catholic Church's decision not to
support condom use as prevention. It has attracted international medical and political attention as
well as large-scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s.