Business, Laboratory and Study Skills EG3012

Module Leader - Andrew Curley Deadline 5th November 2013

Name:..... K-number

Course:......................................................

REFERENCE EXERCISE:

1. Give a significant date in the history of engineering.

November 2012

What happened on this date?

Practical completion of the Shard building was achieved on November 2012. This is the
tallest building in the European union, 1,004ft high.

2. Name an influential person in the history of engineering. Edward Charles Harris

What was their contribution?

Edward Charles Harris was the founder of EC Harris which is an international built asset
consultancy firm headquartered in the UK and the Project managers during the
construction of the Shard building were part of EC Harris.

3. Give the title of FIVE reference works you have consulted for this subject using the
Harvard referencing system.

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INTERNET EXERCISE

1. Use the Google web site to do a keyword search.

Find FOUR relevant sites on Engineering standards and cite them below.

a)

b)

c)

d)

INSTITUTIONS EXERCISE

Now select one of the Engineering institutions you could possibly join and answer the following
questions.

1. What is the name and address of the institution?

Institution of Civil Engineers,
One Great George Street,
Westminster,
London,
SW1P 3AA

2. What is its purpose?

3. What is its function and what does it do to help its members?

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Business, Laboratory and Study Skills EG3020

Citing References Harvard Style

When you write an essay, report or dissertation you should always cite the
published sources which you quote, refer to or use as evidence. References
need to be made both within the text and in a list at the end.

The aim in doing this is to ensure that anyone reading your work can easily find
these sources for themselves. This applies whether you are using a book, a
report, a journal article or an Internet site. You will probably know from your own
experience how much easier it is to find a reference when a reading list or
bibliography is clear and unambiguous. There are several conventions for
making references in your text and listing them. This factsheet outlines the
Harvard Style of Referencing. Your tutor may prefer you to use a different
system. It does not matter which you use but be consistent.

Terminology
Citing means formally recognising, within your text, the resources from which you
have obtained information.
A Bibliography is the list of sources you have used.
A Reference is the detailed description of the item from which you have obtained
your information.

Making a Citation within a Text

At every point in the text in which you refer to a document include the authors
surname and the year of publication in brackets. If the authors surname occurs
naturally in the sentence it is sufficient to give the year of publication alone.

If there are two authors, give the surname of both. If there are more than two, it is
sufficient to give the name of the first followed by et al.

If you are referring to a specific part of a document, give the page or section
numbers after the date.

Bibliographies/Lists of References at the end of a Text

The full references to cited documents should be given in a bibliography at the
end of the text, arranged in alphabetical order by authors surname, and then by
year of publication. Cite elements of the reference in the order shown below and
be consistent in your punctuation and typographic style, italics can be used
instead of underlining.

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Citing Printed Material

Citing Books, Reports or Conference Proceedings

You should include: Author(s)/editor(s). (Year of publication). Title of publication.
Edition if not first. Place of publication: Publisher

Example: Deitel, Harvey and Deitel, Paul. (2001), C++ How to

Program. 3rd Edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall

If you are referring to a numbered report, give the report number at the end.

A reference to the proceedings of a conference should include in the title the

full name of the conference, as well as the place and date it was held.

Citing Journal Articles

You should include: Author(s) of article. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title
of journal, volume no. (part no.), page numbers.

Example: Hausser, Roland. (2001) Database semantics for natural

language. Artificial Intelligence, 130 (1), pp. 27-74

For daily or weekly publications, you need only give the date of the issue rather
than the volume and part numbers.

Example: Edwards, S. (2001). Online: Hats off to the hackers. The

Guardian, 26th July 2001, p7

Citing Separate Contributions in Books or Conference Proceedings

You should include: Author(s) of contribution. (Year of publication). Title of
contribution. In: Author(s)/editor(s). Title of overall
publication. Edition if not the first. Place of publication:
Publisher. Page numbers.

Example: Littlewood, Bev. (1996). Evaluation of Software

Dependability. In: Wand, Ian and Milner, Robin. Computing
Tomorrow: Future Research Directions in Computer Science.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp198-216.

Citing Illustrations
You should include: Author(s)/editor(s). (Year of publication). Title of book. Place:
Publisher. Page number, illus./fig./table/map. (depending on
the type of illustration you wish to cite).

Example: Flanders, Vincent and Willis, Michael. (1998). Web pages

that suck: learn good design by looking at bad design. San
Francisco: Sybex. p.22, fig. 2.2

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Citing Electronic Material
When citing information from electronic material you will need to include enough
information to enable a reader to find the same material.
Many website addresses are long and include control codes, in these cases it
is acceptable to just include the main body of the address so that a reader
can identify the website from where the material came.
If possible, you should cite the date the web document was last updated but if
this is not available then cite the date you accessed the site.
To avoid any confusion with full stops and commas in the web address, it is
now common to use < and > to show the beginning and end of an URL.
If the material (eg website, CD ROM, video) does not have an explicit author,
then treat the material as an anonymous work and use the title as the first
piece of information in the reference.
It is a good idea to print out a copy of any potentially temporary material (such
as emails) as you may need to prove a source after it has been removed from
the website.

Citing Electronic Journal Articles

You should include: Author(s)/editor(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title
of journal. [type of medium]. volume no. (part no), page
numbers. <Web address of the article>. [Date accessed].

Example: Cramer, S.B. (1998). A united approach to healthy schools.

British Food Journal. [Internet]. 100 (8), p. 380-384.
<http://www.emerald-library.com>. [Accessed 11th January
2001].
Peter G. Neumann Friendly fire Page 138 <http://www.acm.org/dl>.
Communications of the ACM [Accessed 7th August 2001].
Volume 37 , Issue 8 (1994)

Citing World Wide Web Documents

You should include: Author/editor. (Year of publication). Title of document.
[Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher (if
ascertainable). <URL> [date accessed].

Example: The space science enterprise: integrated technology

strategy. (1998) [Internet]. NASA.
<http://spacescience.nasa.gov/osstech/sse/>. [Accessed
11th January 2001].

Citing CD ROMs
You should include: Author/editor. (Year of publication). Title of CD ROM.
[CD ROM]. Place of publication: Publisher.

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Example: Interactive skeleton. (1998). [CD ROM]. London: Mosby:
Primal Pictures.

Citing E-mail Discussion Lists

You should include: Author/editor. (Year). Title of message. Discussion list name
and date of message. [medium]. <e-mail list address>.

Example: Pinto, A.J. (2000). Ungodly Global Warming, Genocide,

World Hunger, and Hope. ecological-genetics October 2000.
[Internet Discussion List]. < ecological-
th
[email protected]> [accessed 12 January 2001].

Citing a Newsgroup/Bulletin Board Message

You should include: Author. (Year). Title of message. Newsgroup name and date
of message

Example: Yee, A. (2001). Solar power farm begins gamma ray

astronomy. sci.astro January 2001. [Internet Newsgroup].
<Liszt Newsgroups: sci.astro> [accessed 12th January 2001].

Citing Personal E-mail

If you wish to cite a personal e-mail you must have the senders permission to
quote their message.

You should include: Sender (Senders e-mail address) (Day Month Year). Subject
of message. E-mail to recipient (Recipients e-mail address).

Example: Doe, J. ([email protected]) (12th January 2001). Survey

results. Personal e-mail to J. Bloggs
([email protected]).

Citing Online Images

You should include: Title of image, or a description. (Year). [Online image].
<URL>. Filename including the extension. [Date accessed]

Example: Early & middle Jurassic climate. (2000). [Online image].

<http://www.scotese.com/ejurclim.htm>. I180_zonef.jpg.
[accessed 12th January 2001).

Citing Videos
You should include: Author/editor. (Year of publication). Title of Video.
[Video]. Place of publication: Publisher.

Example: Volcanoes of the deep. (1999). [Video]. London: BBC.

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Glossary
The following outlines some common conventions used in bibliographies. They
are not a part of the Harvard style but may be useful to know when reading the
work of others.

Ibid. (Latin). This is used to when referring to the preceding

reference in the bibliography.

Example: 1. Haines, P.J. (1995). Thermal methods of analysis.

London: Chapman & Hall.
2. Ibid. p. 93

Op. Cit. (Latin). This is used after an authors name to mean the
same work as last cited for this author.

Example: 1. Haines, P.J. (1995). Thermal methods of analysis.

London: Chapman & Hall.
2. Rendell, D. (1987). Fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Haines, P.J. op.cit. p. 57.

Et al. (Latin). Where there are more than two authors, et al. is
used after the first author to mean and others.

Example: Ellis, T. et al. (1994). Fortran 90 programming. Harlow:

Addison-Wesley.

Bibliography
The following documents have been used in the compilation of this guide.
Dee, M. (2009). Quote, unquote: the Harvard style of referencing published
material. [Internet]. Leeds: Leeds Metropolitan University.
<http://www.lmu.ac.uk/lss/ls/docs/harvfron.htm>. [accessed 11th January 2011].
Shields, G. and Walton, G. (1998). Cite them right! [Internet]. Newcastle:
University of Northumbria at Newcastle. < http://www.unn.ac.uk/central/isd/cite/>.
[accessed 19th January 2011].
University of Sheffield Library. (2000). Citing electronic sources of information.
[Internet]. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.
<http://www.shef.ac.uk/~lib/libdocs/hsldvc2.html>. [accessed 11th January 2011].