Order

Pseudophyllidea Cyclophyllidea
SN Diphyllobothrium latum Taenia solium Taenia saginata Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Dipylidium caninum Raillietina garrisoni Echinococcus granulosus
CN Broad fish tapeworm Pork tapeworm Beef tapeworm Dwarf tapeworm Rat tapeworm Dog tapeworm Rat tapeworm Hydatid worm
Habitat Small intestine
FH Man, other mammals Man Man (DH or IH) Rat, Man (accidental) Dogs, Man (accidental) Rat, Man (accidental) Dog, Fox, Canine spp.
st
1 IH Cyclops, Copepods spp., Pig (may be Cattle, cow, Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) Ctenophalides canis & Tribolium confusum Sheep, Ox
Diaptomus spp. surpassed) carabao Ctenophalides canis & felis (dog & cat flea) felis (dog & cat flea) (flour beetle) Man (dead end)
nd
*2 : Fish (Cyprinidae, Tribolium spp. (cockroaches, beetles) Tribolium sp. Goat, Swine
salmon, pike, perch, *With or without IH Tenebrio sp. Cattle, Horse
trout) *Pulex irritans (human flea) (rice & flour beetle) Camel
IS Plerocercoid larva in fish Cyticercus Cysticercus bovis Embryonated ova Cysticercoid larva Hydatid cyst
cellulosae Cysticercoid larva Embryonated ova
MOT Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion
(source)
(infected fish) (infected meat) (contaminated (contaminated food: (flea/IH tissue) (cysts in organs, egg in
food/water) wheat, grains, cereals) feces)
Ova Oblong Round, Yellow-brown thick shell w/ Round to oval Round Enclosed in egg Spindle shaped Round, Subspherical
Golden yellow striations *embryophore Thin shell Striated shell, colorless membrane/capsule Enclosed in an outer Thick yellow brown
Unsegmented Segmented Bipolar thickenings fried egg/ sunny side (8-15 individual eggs elongated membrane striated shell
Operculated Non-operculated 4-8 polar filaments up appearance In egg packet) Spherical inner (embryophore)
Immature With polar thickenings Resembles Taenia eggs membrane Same with Taenia
9-12 days maturation *no species identification No polar filaments (up to 8 eggs only)
distinct terminal knob
(abopercular knob)
Embryo Oncosphere/ hexacanth embryo w/ 3 pairs of hooklets
Scolex Almond shaped Globular Pyriform Rhomboidal Club/knobs-haped Globular Subglobular Globular
Armed rostellum Very minute/no Armed rostellum Unarmed Armed rostellum Armed rostellum Armed rostellum
Double rows of 25- rostellum 20-30 hooks Retractable rostellum 1-7 circlets of spines 90-140 hammer- w/ double rows of 28-40
30 hooks Unarmed/no hooks shaped alternating hooks
hooks

Suckers 2 Slit-like Bothria/ 4 cuplike suckers 4 muscular suckers
suctorial grooves
Strobila Up to 3000 segments 800-1000 1000-2000 96-200 800-1000 200 About 5000 3 proglottids only
3-10m 5-10m 5-10m 25-45mm 60cm 60cm 60cm 4.5mm
Segment/ Broader than long Dendritic uterus 15 or more tree- Broader than long Rectangular Melon/ cucumber/ rice grain *notes: Hydatid Cyst
Proglottid Connective Tissue (host)
Central uterine pore 5-13 uterine like uterine Sac-like uterus Sac-like uterus pumpkin seed-shaped appearance
outer
Highly coiled/ rosette- branches branches Lateral genital pore Lateral genital pore Has 2 sets of 1 genital pore Laminar layer middle
like/ flower-like uterus reproductive organs Germinal layer inner
Brood capsules w/
protoscolices
Hydatid sand in hydatid fluid
Geni.Pore Ventral Lateral 2 lateral genital pores Lateral
Vitellaria Diffuse Compact

PARASITOLOGY PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES) 3A-MT. 2013. MMY

 Life Cycle Egg Egg *Direct Cycle *No direct cycle Gravid proglottids Eggs (in feces, ingested
(feces, mature in water) (in feces, ingested by IH) Egg directly (intact in feces, in perianal region) by IH, hatches in small
ingested by man bowel)
Coracidium
st Oncosphere/ Hexacanth *Indirect cycle: Egg
(ingested by 1 IH)
(in intestines of IH) Egg (in feces, ingested by IH) (released, ingested by IH) Oncosphere

Procercoid Oncospheres/ Hexacath (penetrates intestinal
st nd
(in 1 IH, ingested by 2 ) Cysticercus (penetrate intestinal villi) Oncosphere wall, migrate through
(in muscles, ingested by man) Cysticercoid (penetrate IHs intestine) circulatory system, liver,
Plerocercoid (Sparganum) (in IH, ingested by man) lungs, organs)
nd
(in 2 IH, ingested by FH) Adult Cysticercoid
(in small intestine of man) *Autoinfection: (in IHs homocoel/body cavity, ingested by DH, Hydatid cyst
Embryo released in intestines break lumen of intestine) (ingested by DH)
Pathology Diphyllobothriasis Cysticercosis due to Taeniasis saginata Hymenolepiasis Dipylidiasis Asymptomatic Hydatidosis (Cystecercosis)
Sparganosis due to larva; accidental due to adult Intestinal irritation (enteritis) Intestinal/abdominal (man is unsuitable due to larva
larva ingestion of egg; *no cysticercosis Pruritus discomfort host) Liver: jaundice
more dangerous Lung: bloody sputum, chest
(ingestion of procercoid Diarrhea Epigastric pain
Neurocystecercosis pain, coughing, shortness of
in cyclops) Abdominal pain Diarrhea
(NCC) migration of breath
Brothriocephalus larva to the brain; Epigastric pain Allergic reactions Brain: epilepsy
anemia headache, coma Intestinal Discomfort Appetite loss Necrosis of infected tissues,
(Pernicious/Megaloblast Taeniasis solium Nausea indigestion pressure buildup
ic anemia) due to lack due to adult; Dizziness Anal puritus - caused Anaphylactic shock,
of Vit B12 abdominal Vomiting by migrating gravid eosinophilia, allergic
(cyanocobalamine) discomfort, hunger, Anorexia proglottids reactions
malabsorption MAY CAUSE DEATH
Dx stage Eggs/ova in stool Eggs/ova, gravid proglottid/segment Eggs/ova Eggs, gravid proglottids Egg/ scolex Hydatid cysts
Diagnosis Stool exam DFS, KK, CT Stool exam Stool exam Stool exam (eggs) Stool exam Stool exam: ova Biopsy of Hydatid cyst
Double slide compression Double slide compression method (recovery Scotch Tape Swab Gravid segment X-Ray, MRI, Ultrasound,
method flatten/stretch India ink scolex/eggs) Double Slide CT scan
segment b/w 2 slides
Scotch Tape Swab* Compression Serologic: Casoni Test,
India ink stain to visualize
India Ink ELISA, Western Blot,
branching uterus
Indirect
hemagglutination
Rx Niclosamide & Praziquantel Niclosamide, Praziquantel, Bithionol Surgical Removal of cysts
(PAIR)
Mebendazole, Albendazole,
Praziquantel, Hibitane
Notes Taenia saginata Smallest tapeworm Other CN: Other name: Smallest tapeworm
asiatica common of man Double pored Raillietina Related to E. multilocularis,
in Phils. Previously tapeworm madagascariensis E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus
Puncture (w/ fine needle)
*accessory ovary Vampirolepis nana Pumpkin seed
Aspirate (hydatid fluid)
smaller, not yet tapeworm
Inject (protoscolicidal)
gravid = bladder Usually in toddlers because of pets Reaspirate
cyst No local transmission (?)

PARASITOLOGY PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES) 3A-MT. 2013. MMY



PARASITOLOGY PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES) 3A-MT. 2013. MMY