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Frequency Division Technology in Broadband Wireless Systems: With Applications To Wimax and Lte

This document discusses frequency division technologies used in broadband wireless systems such as WiMAX and LTE. It introduces OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and SC-FDE, describing their fundamentals and how they are applied in wireless standards. Key challenges of OFDM like peak-to-average power ratio are also examined. OFDMA implementations in WiMAX including FUSC and PUSC are outlined. The document compares OFDMA and SC-FDMA focusing on their systems, equalization approaches, and PAPR characteristics.

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23 views42 pages

Frequency Division Technology in Broadband Wireless Systems: With Applications To Wimax and Lte

This document discusses frequency division technologies used in broadband wireless systems such as WiMAX and LTE. It introduces OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and SC-FDE, describing their fundamentals and how they are applied in wireless standards. Key challenges of OFDM like peak-to-average power ratio are also examined. OFDMA implementations in WiMAX including FUSC and PUSC are outlined. The document compares OFDMA and SC-FDMA focusing on their systems, equalization approaches, and PAPR characteristics.

Uploaded by

fivie ni'mah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

Frequency Division Technology in Broadband

Wireless Systems
with Applications to WiMAX and LTE

Jun Zheng

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering


The University of Texas at Austin

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 1 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 2 / 42


Advanced Broadband Wireless Systems

WiMAX (WiMAX Forum & IEEE 802.16 family)


Long Term Evolution (LTE, 3GPP)
Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB, 3GPP2)

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 3 / 42


Frequency Division Technology

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)


Multiple Access OFDM (OFDMA)
Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA)
Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
Single Carrier - Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE)

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 4 / 42


Frequency Division Technology in Standards

OFDM:
WLAN (IEEE 802.11 family)
WiMAX (IEEE 802.15d, xed)
OFDMA (Scalable):
WiMAX (IEEE 802.15 family, mobile)
LTE (downlink)
UMB
SC-FDMA
LTE (uplink)

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 5 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 6 / 42


The Idea of OFDM

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 7 / 42


OFDM Transmitter

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 8 / 42


OFDM Transmitter

Input data stream QAM modulator X [n]


S/P conversion symbol stream X [0], X [1], , X [N 1]
IFFT of X [n] OFDM symbol
N1
1
x[n] = X [k]e j2nk/N , 0 n N 1.
N k=0

Add cyclic prex x[n] = x[], , x[N 1]


P/S conversion D/A conversion upconvert to f0 wireless
channel

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 9 / 42


OFDM Receiver

Received signal: y (t) = x(t) h(t) + n(t)

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 10 / 42


Orthogonality

QAM symbols: rectangular pulse in time sinc function in frequency


QAM signals on each channel are orthogonal

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 11 / 42


Cyclic Prex

Multipath symbol leakage ISI


Solution: cyclic prex

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 12 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 13 / 42


Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR)

PAPR:
maxt x(t)2 maxn x[n]2
PAPR , PAPR
Et [x(t)2 ] En [x[n]2 ]

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 14 / 42


PAPR

Why PAPR is important: transmit power eciency


PAPR
= max 10 20

Statistical property:

Pr (PAPR ) = 1 (1 e )N

N: number of subcarriers
PAPR grows with N

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 15 / 42


Reducing PAPR
Amplitude Clipping

in-band distortion: degrades BER performance


out-of-band leakage: reduces spectral eciency
Peak cancellation with a complementary signal
Special coding

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 16 / 42


Synchronization

Timing oset: inter-symbol interference (ISI)


Frequency oset: inter-carrier interference (ICI)

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 17 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 18 / 42


Idea of OFDMA

Subchannelization: divide subcarriers into mutually exclusive clusters


Multiple Access: assign clusters to distinct users

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 19 / 42


OFDMA system

Resource allocation: subcarrier, bit, and power

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 20 / 42


OFDMA Downlink Transmitter

bm,i : ith block of the mth user


CAS: map data blocks onto subcarriers assigned to the user
CAS inserts zeroes to expand bm,i into dm,i
dm,i from dierent users are summed up to form data block di

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 21 / 42


OFDMA Downlink Receiver

Frequency and timing oset correction

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 22 / 42


OFDMA Uplink Transmitter

Each user deals with its own data

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 23 / 42


OFDMA Uplink Receiver

Received signal: sum of signals from M users


M
(R)

r (k) = sm (k) + w (k)
m=1
m 1
L
(R) (T )
sm (k) = e j2m k/N hm (l)sm (k m l)
l=0

m : the frequency error


m = int(m /Ts ): integer timing oset expressed in sampling periods
Timing and frequency synchronization required

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 24 / 42


Scalability of OFDMA

Scales the FFT size to the channel bandwidth


Keep sub-carrier frequency spacing constant for dierent channel
bandwidths
Wider channel bandwidth: larger FFT size
Flexibility: minimum modication when deployed in various frequency
band intervals
SOFDMA is the OFDMA mode used in Mobile WiMAX

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 25 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 26 / 42


OFDMA in WiMAX

SOFDMA: Nused scales with channel bandwidth Bw , constant


subcarrier spacing f
Fully Used Subchannelization (FUSC):
Uses all the subchannels
Subcarrier permutation to minimize the probability of hits
Partially Used Subchannelization (PUSC):
Subchannels are divided into three segments
Segments are allocated to sectors of the same cell
Subcarrier permutation to minimize the probability of hits

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 27 / 42


Downlink-FUSC

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 28 / 42


Uplink-PUSC

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 29 / 42


Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 30 / 42


SC-FDMA System

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 31 / 42


Generating SC-FDMA Transmit Symbol

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 32 / 42


SC-FDMA Receiver

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 33 / 42


Subcarrier Mapping

Localized subcarrier mapping (LFDMA)


Distributed subcarrier mapping (DFDMA)
Interleaved subcarrier mapping (IFDMA)
Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 34 / 42
Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 35 / 42


OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA: System

OFDMA: multicarrier vs. SC-FDMA: single carrier


SC-FDMA: adds DFT at input of transmitter, IDFT at output of
receiver
Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 36 / 42
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA: Equalization at Receiver

OFDMA: separate equalization and detection for each subcarrier


SC-FDMA: equalization across the entire channel bandwidth

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 37 / 42


PAPR Comparison

No closed-form solution for CCDF of PAPR in SC-FDMA


Upper-bound available
Comparison based on BPSK and raised-cosine pulse shaping
Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 38 / 42
Outline
1 Introduction

2 OFDM
Fundamentals
Challenges

3 OFDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA in WiMAX

4 SC-FDMA
Fundamentals
OFDMA vs. SC-FDMA

5 SC-FDE
Fundamentals

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 39 / 42


Frequency Domain Equalization

DFT size does not grow linearly with length of channel response
Lower complexity
Similar performance to OFDM for combating frequency selective
fading

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 40 / 42


SC-FDE vs. OFDM

OFDM: detection in frequency domain on a per-subcarrier basis


SC-FDE: detection in time domain after additional IDFT
OFDM is more sensitive to a null in the channel spectrum
SC-FDE has better PAPR performance
Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 41 / 42
Conclusion

Frequency Division Technologies:


OFDM
OFDMA
Scalable OFDMA
SC-FDMA
SC-FDE
Applications: WiMAX, LTE, UMB

Jun Zheng (UT-ECE) Frequency Division Technology 42 / 42

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