2.

016 Hydrodynamics
Professor A.H. Techet

Stream Functions for planar ow (satisfy u = 0)

Planar ow: Cartesian (x, y,/z ) ux =

y
uy =
x
uz = 0

Planar ow: Cylindrical (r, ,/z)

/ ur = 1r

u =
r
uz = 0

Axisymmetric ow: Cylindrical (r,/, z) ur = 1r

z
u = 0 uz = 1r
r
1 1
Axisymmetric ow: Spherical (r, ,//
) ur = r2 sin
u = r sin r
u = 0

Potential Functions (u = , requires u = 0, 2 = 0)

Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) ux = x
uy = y
uz = z
1
Cylindrical coordinates (r, , z) ur = r
u = r
uz = z
1 1
Spherical coordinates (r, , ) ur = r
u = r
u = r sin
uniform stream
(z) = (U iV )z
V
y U = Ux + V y ux = U
x shown for U, V > 0
= V x + U y uy = V
source (Q>0) or sink (Q<0)
Q
z0 r! (z) = 2 ln(z z0 )
!
Q Q 1
r = 2 ln r ur = 2 r
shown for Q > 0 Q
= 2 u = 0
free vortex
i
z0 r! (z) = 2 ln(z z0 )
!

r = 2 ur = 0
shown for > 0
= 2 ln r u = 1
2 r
forced vortex
z0 r! (z) =
!

r = ur = 0
shown for K > 0 2
= Kr2 u = Kr

 doublet (x-orientation)
c
z0 r! (z) = zz0
!
c cos
r = r ur = c cos
r2

shown for c > 0

= c sin
r

u = c sin
r 2

doublet (y-orientation)
ic
z0 r! (z) = zz0
!
c sin
r = r ur = c sin
r2

shown for c > 0 c cos c cos

= r u = r 2
sphere (axisymmetric flow)
3
z0 r! (z) = + i ur = U cos 1 R
r 3
U !
R3 R3
r = U cos r + 2r 2 u = U sin 1 + 2r 3
shown for U > 0 3

= 12 U sin2 r2 Rr u = 0
shear flow

A
(z) = ux = 2Ay
z0
y = uy = 0
x shown for A > 0
= Ay 2 uz = 0
stagnation point flow

z0 (z) = 12 A(z z0 )2 ux = Ax
y shown = 12 A(x2 y 2 ) uy = Ay
for
x A>0
= Ax y uz = 0

Notes:
z = x + iy (z) = + i
1
r = (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 2 d

z0 = x0 + iy0 dz = ux iuy

yy0
0 < 2 = = tan1 xx 0
d
dz = (ur iu )ei

ux = ur cos u sin ur = ux cos + uy sin

uy = ur sin + u cos u = ux sin + uy cos