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555 Timer As Monostable Multivibrator

The document describes how a 555 timer can be used in monostable mode to generate a single pulse output. When a trigger pulse is applied, the 555 timer output switches to an unstable state and a capacitor charges through a resistor. When the capacitor voltage reaches 2/3 of the supply voltage, the output switches back to the stable state. The duration of the pulse is determined by the RC time constant of the external resistor and capacitor. The 555 timer monostable multivibrator can generate pulses from microseconds to seconds and is widely used for timing applications.

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Darshan Bhansali
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495 views

555 Timer As Monostable Multivibrator

The document describes how a 555 timer can be used in monostable mode to generate a single pulse output. When a trigger pulse is applied, the 555 timer output switches to an unstable state and a capacitor charges through a resistor. When the capacitor voltage reaches 2/3 of the supply voltage, the output switches back to the stable state. The duration of the pulse is determined by the RC time constant of the external resistor and capacitor. The 555 timer monostable multivibrator can generate pulses from microseconds to seconds and is widely used for timing applications.

Uploaded by

Darshan Bhansali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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555 TIMER AS MONOSTABLE

MULTIVIBRATOR

A monostable multivibrator (MMV) often called a one-shot


multivibrator, is a pulse generator circuit in which the duration of the pulse is
determined by the R-C network,connected externally to the 555 timer. In such
a vibrator, one state of output is stable while the other is quasi-stable
(unstable). For auto-triggering of output from quasi-stable state to stable state
energy is stored by an externally connected capacitor C to a reference level.
The time taken in storage determines the pulse width. The transition of output
from stable state to quasi-stable state is accomplished by external triggering.
The schematic of a 555 timer in monostable mode of operation is shown in
figure.

555-timer-monostable-multivibrator
Monostable Multivibrator Circuit details
Pin 1 is grounded. Trigger input is applied to pin 2. In quiescent condition of
output this input is kept at + VCC. To obtain transition of output from stable state
to quasi-stable state, a negative-going pulse of narrow width (a width smaller
than expected pulse width of output waveform) and amplitude of greater than
+ 2/3 VCC is applied to pin 2. Output is taken from pin 3. Pin 4 is usually
connected to + VCC to avoid accidental reset. Pin 5 is grounded through a 0.01
u F capacitor to avoid noise problem. Pin 6 (threshold) is shorted to pin 7. A
resistor RA is connected between pins 6 and 8. At pins 7 a discharge capacitor
is connected while pin 8 is connected to supply VCC.

555 IC Monostable Multivibrator


Operation.
555 monostable-multivibrator-operation

For explaining the operation of timer 555 as a monostable multivibrator,


necessary internal circuitry with external connections are shown in figure.

The operation of the circuit is explained below:

Initially, when the output at pin 3 is low i.e. the circuit is in a stable state, the
transistor is on and capacitor- C is shorted to ground. When a negative pulse is
applied to pin 2, the trigger input falls below +1/3 VCC, the output of comparator
goes high which resets the flip-flop and consequently the transistor turns off
and the output at pin 3 goes high. This is the transition of the output from
stable to quasi-stable state, as shown in figure. As the discharge transistor is
cutoff, the capacitor C begins charging toward +VCC through resistance RA with
a time constant equal to RAC. When the increasing capacitor voltage becomes
slightly greater than +2/3 VCC, the output of comparator 1 goes high, which sets
the flip-flop. The transistor goes to saturation, thereby discharging the
capacitor C and the output of the timer goes low, as illustrated in figure.
Thus the output returns back to stable state from quasi-stable state.

The output of the Monostable Multivibrator remains low until a trigger pulse is
again applied. Then the cycle repeats. Trigger input, output voltage and
capacitor voltage waveforms are shown in figure.

Monostable Multivibrator Design Using 555 timer IC

The capacitor C has to charge through resistance RA. The larger the time
constant RAC, the longer it takes for the capacitor voltage to reach +2/3VCC.

In other words, the RC time constant controls the width of the output pulse.
The time during which the timer output remains high is given as

tp = 1.0986 RAC

where RA is in ohms and C is in farads. The above relation is derived as below.


Voltage across the capacitor at any instant during charging period is given as

vc = VCC (1- e-t/RAC)

Substituting vc = 2/3 VCC in above equation we get the time taken by the
capacitor to charge from 0 to +2/3VCC.

So +2/3VCC. = VCC. (1 e-t/RAC) or t RAC loge 3 = 1.0986 RAC


So pulse width, tP = 1.0986 RAC s 1.1 RAC
The pulse width of the circuit may range from micro-seconds to many seconds.
This circuit is widely used in industry for many different timing applications.

Source : http://todayscircuits.blogspot.com/2011/06/555-timer-as-monostable-
multivibrator.html#.VUBuwdKqqko

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